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A 

COMPREHENSIVE 

MEDICAL  DICTIONARY: 


CONTAINING  THE 


PRONUNCIATION,  ETYMOLOGY,  AND  SIGNIFICATION 


OF 

THE  TERMS  MADE  USE  OF  IN  MEDICINE  AND  THE  KINDRED  SCIENCES 


TOIt  an  appendix, 

COMPRISING  A COMPLETE  LIST  OF  ALL  THE  MORE  IMPORTANT 
ARTICLES  OF  THE  MATERIA  MEDICA,  ARRANGED  AC- 
CORDING TO  THEIR  MEDICINAL  PROPERTIES. 


ALSO 


AN  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  LATIN  TERMS  AND  PHRASES  OCCURRING 


IN  ANATOMY,  PHARMACY,  ETC. ; TOGETHER  WITH 
THE  NECESSARY  DIRECTIONS  FOR  WRITING  LATIN  PRESCRIPTIONS, 


J.  THOMAS,  M.D. 


AUTHOR  OF  THE  SYSTEM  OF  PRONUNCIATION  IN  LIPPINCOTT’s  PRONOUNCING  GAZETTEER 
OP  THE  WORLD.  ; * 


ILL;-.. 

e=* 


PHILADELPHIA : 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  & CO. 

1875. 


ur  .. 

JL.  .= 

r.:.4 


Ifci 


co 

CJ'j 


CD 


SIONmi  JO  Ai!2c!I!A!f4n 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1864,  by 
J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  & CO. 

in  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Eastern  District 
of  Pennsylvania. 


PREFACE. 


The  present  work  is  designed  to  supply  a want  which  has  long 
been  felt  by  those  commencing  the  study  of  medicine  and  the 
collateral  sciences. 

An  acquaintance  with  the  dead  languages,  or  at  least  with  Latin, 
was  formerly,  and  in  some  parts  of  Europe  is  still,  considered 
absolutely  necessary  for  a graduate  in  medicine  as  well  as  in  the 
other  learned  professions.  4 Although  in  the  United  States  a clas- 
sical education  is  not  made  an  indispensable  condition  for  conferring 
a medical  degree,  yet,  so  long  as  the  great  majority  of  professional 
terms  are  in  Latin,  some  knowledge  of  this  language  may  be  said 
to  be  absolutely  requisite  for  the  medical  student.  The  fact  that 
multitudes  of  our  young  men  commence  the  study  of  medicine 
without  any  previous  acquaintance  with  Latin  or  Greek,  renders 
it  important  that  the  elementary  works  intended  for  the  use  of 
students  should  be  adapted  to  meet  this  exigency. 

To  supply  the  want  above  indicated  has  been  one  of  the  chief 
objects  of  the  present  work.  In  fulfilling  this  object,  the  editor 
has  aimed, — 

First:  to  give  a full  explanation  of  the  etymology  of  the  various 
words  defined  in  the  Dictionary.  The  importance  of  etymology 
in  furnishing,  as  it  generally  does,  a sure  clue  to  the  true  sig- 
nification of  scientific  terms;  in  limiting  and  fixing  their  mean- 
ing, thus  guarding  against  looseness  or  vagueness  of  application ; 
and  lastly,  and  not  least,  in  assisting  the  memory  of  the  learner. 


iii 


iv 


PREFACE. 


since,  by  acquiring  a knowledge  of  a comparatively  few  elements 
or  roots,  he  is  thus  enabled  to  determine  the  signification  of  a 
multitude  of  compound  words, — can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  It 
is  admitted,  indeed,  that  terms  not  unfrequently  occur  of  which 
it  is  difficult  or  impossible  to  give  an  entirely  satisfactory  etymo- 
logy. In  a few  of  the  most  doubtful  cases  of  this  kind,  it  has  been 
deemed  best  to  make  no  attempt  to  explain  the  derivation,  since 
an  etymology  which  is  purely  fanciful  or  speculative,  seems  far 
more  likely  to  mislead  or  perplex  than  to  instruct  the  student. 
It  may  be  proper  to  add  that,  in  fulfilling  this  important  part  of 
his  task,  the  editor  has  not  been  content  with  merely  following 
the  generally  received  authorities  in  etymology,  but  has  made  it 
a rule,  in  every  case  of  doubt  or  uncertainty,  to  examine  the  sub- 
ject anew,  and  particularly  to  consult  the  best  classical  and  modern 
(foreign)  dictionaries  upon  the  point  in  question. 

Secondly:  to  give,  whenever  practicable,  a literal  translation 
of  the  various  Latin  phrases,  sentences,  etc.  occurring  in  the  work : 
such,  for  example,  as  Extensor  Digitorum  Communis , Motor es  Ocu- 
lorum , Hydrargyrum  cum  Creta,  etc.  etc.  The  importance  of  such 
explanations  in  giving  clear  and  definite  ideas  to  those  who  may 
be  unacquainted  with  the  Latin  tongue,  is  too  obvious  to  require 
to  be  enlarged  upon. 

For  an  explanation  of  some  of  the  most  important  elements  and 
principles  of  the  Latin  language,  designed  chiefly  for  those  who 
have  not  had  the  advantage  of  a classical  education,  the  reader  is 
referred  to  the  Appendix,  page  660.  Connected  with,  and  imme- 
diately following,  this  portion  of  the  work,  will  be  found  rules 
and  directions  for  the  writing  of  Latin  prescriptions. 

Another  feature  in  the  work,  and  one  which  it  is  hoped  will 
prove  of  great  practical  importance,  is  the  pronunciation  of  the 
various  terms  given  in  the  Dictionary.  What  correct  spelling  is 
to  the  writer,  correct  pronunciation  is  to  the  speaker.  If  either 
should  be  wholly  neglected,  the  most  perfect  language  would  soon 
become  a babel,  and  fall  into  utter  corruption.  Every  one  who 
takes  the  trouble  to  reflect  on  the  subject  must  be  aware  that  if  it 
wTere  not  for  the  constant  effort  or  aim  to  conform  our  speech  to  a 
common  standard,  the  language  which  we  call  English  would  in 
the  course  of  a few  years  be  spoken  so  differently  in  different  parts 


PREFACE. 


V 


of  the  world,  as  to  be  with  difficulty  understood,  and  in  two  or  three 
centuries  it  would,  in  all  probability,  become  wholly  unintelli- 
gible, except  to  those  few  who  might  happen  to  be  familiar  with 
the  local  dialect.  He,  therefore,  who  is  willing  to  take  the  pains 
to  speak  correctly,  not  only  acquires  an  accomplishment  which 
will  raise  him  in  the  estimation  of  all  educated  men,  but  he  con- 
tributes his  portion  towards  exalting  and  extending  the  incalculable 
blessings  which  language,  the  great  vehicle  of  thought  and  know- 
ledge, is  capable  of  conferring  on  mankind. 

The  various  terms  employed  in  medicine  may  be  divided  into 
two  principal  classes.  The  first  class  consists  of  those  which  are 
properly  English  or  have  an  Anglicized  termination,  whether  de- 
rived from  the  Saxon,  as,  Blood , Forearm , Nightmare , Rickets , etc. ; 
from  the  French,  as,  Bandage , Viable , etc. ; from  the  Latin,  as,  Ab- 
dominal (from  abdominalis ),  Abortion  (from  abortio ),  Astringent 
(from  astringens),  Ferruginous  (from  ferruginosus ),  etc.;  or  from 
the  Greek,  as,  Apoplexy  (from  ariOTzXrjZia),  Artery  (from  aprrjpia ), 
Asthmatic  (from  aaOpaTixoq),  etc. 

The  second  class  comprises  all  such  terms  as  are  Latin  or 
Latinized  Greek,  as,  Abdomen , Amaurosis , Ammonia , Asthma , 
Cerebrum , Laryngitis , (Esophagus , Sternum , Vertebra , etc.  etc. 

The  pronunciation  of  the  former  class  of  words  is  attended  with 
no  particular  difficulty.  Those  of  the  second  class,  however, 
though  usually  very  easy  with  respect  to  the  accentuation,  and 
perfectly  uniform  as  to  the  sounds  of  the  consonants,  present  a 
very  serious  difficulty  in  regard  to  the  pronunciation  of  the  vowels. 
At  the  University  of  Oxford  in  England,  and  at  Harvard  in  the 
United  States,  it  is  the  usage  to  pronounce  all  Latin  words  with 
the  English  sounds  of  the  vowels:  for  example,  a when  long  (as 
the  second  a in  ama!re , arna'bam,  ama'tum)  has  the  same  sound 
as  our  a in  fate  (never  like  a in  far);  long  i is  pronounced  as  in 
pine;  and  so  on.  But  many  of  the  institutions  of  learning  in  this 
country  have  adopted  what  is  termed  the  “continental”  pronuncia- 
tion, according  to  which,  the  vowels  are  pronounced,  not  after 
the  English  sound,  but  according  to  that  of  the  languages  of 
Continental  Europe.  As,  however,  there  is  some  diversity  re- 
specting the  vowel  sounds  of  the  different  European  tongues,  the 


VI 


PREFACE. 


Italian,  which  of  all  the  modern  languages  is  perhaps  most  nearly 
related  to  the  Latin,  has  generally  been  adopted  as  the  standard. 
According  to  this  system,  a should  be  sounded  nearly  like  a in  far, 
e as  in  there , or  like  a in  fate,  i as  in  marine , or  like  e in  mete,  u 
like  oo,  and  y like  i,  that  is,  like  our  e.  In  some  portions  of 
our  country,  particularly  in  the  Middle  States,  there  unfortu- 
nately prevails  a third  system,  consisting  of  a sort  of  mixture  of 
the  other  two  already  described.  According  to  this  system, — if 
such  it  may  be  called, — the  vowel  a is  sounded  as  in  fast  or  fat 
(never  as  in  fate);  i , when  long,  is  usually  pronounced  as  in  pine, 
though  sometimes  as  in  marine ; all  the  other  vowels  being  uni- 
formly sounded  as  in  English.  The  improper  diphthong  ce , vdiich  in 
every  other  modern  language  corresponds  in  sound  either  exactly 
or  very  nearly  to  e*  is  on  this  system  sounded  like  our  a in  fate. 

As  may  readily  be  imagined,  these  three  different  systems  ex- 
isting together  in  the  same  country,  have  had  the  effect  to  intro- 
duce almost  unlimited  confusion  into  the  pronunciation  of  Latin 
words.  Those  who  aim  at  correctness  or  propriety  in  speaking 
should,  we  think,  adopt  either  the  Oxford  pronunciation  or  the 
continental;  and  whichever  they  adopt  should  be  carried  out  con- 
sistently. It  is  greatly  to  be  desired,  however,  that  some  common 
standard  of  Latin  pronunciation  might  be  fixed  upon  for  the  wThole 
United  States:  it  would  be  of  immense  advantage  even  were  its 
application  limited  to  scientific  terms  and  phrases. 

Under  the  existing  state  of  things,  the  editor  has  not  felt  justified 
in  attempting  to  lay  down  any  positive  rules  for  the  pronunciation 
of  the  vowels  occurring  in  Latin  terms.  He  has,  accordingly,  for 
the  most  part  confined  his  labors  in  regard  to  this  class  of  words,  to 
marking  the  accent  and  syllabication,  and  to  indicating  such  vowel 
sounds  ( e.g . short  i and  short  y)  as  are  essentially  the  same 
whether  they  are  pronounced  according  to  the  continental  or 


* That  is,  to  the  sound  of  e in  the  respective  languages;  ce  in  French  being 
equivalent  to  the  French  e}  ce  in  Spanish  to  the  Spanish  e , and  so  with  the 
rest.  To  sound  ce  differently  from  e tends  to  great  confusion,  inasmuch  as  a 
multitude  of  Words  are  now  written  almost  indifferently  with  the  diphthong 
or  the  vowel:  as,  JEdilc  or  Edile , ^Etiology  or  Etiology , etc.  However  such 
words  may  be  written,  the  pronunciation  ought,  unquestionaVy,  to  remain 
the  same. 


PREFACE. 


Vll 


the  English  mode.  The  most  important  point  of  all  is  the  accent, 
which  can,  for  the  most  part,  be  readily  ascertained,  and,  depend- 
ing as  it  does  upon  the  quantity * (not  on  the  quality)  of  the 
vowels,  remains  the  same  under  all  the  different  systems  and  in 
all  the  various  tongues  of  the  world.  The  principal  rules  for 
Latin  accentuation  are  the  following: — 

Rule  1. — In  trisyllables  or  polysyllables,  if  the  penultima  be 
long,  the  accent  must  fall  upon  it:  as,  Abdo'men , Coni' um,  Duode- 
num, Porri'go , Scapula'ris , etc. 

Rule  2. — If  the  penultima  be  short,  the  accent  must  fall  on  the 
antepenultima : as,  Ag'idum,  Abdom'inis , An'ima , Assajod'ida , 
Chimaph! ila,  Cimicif'uga , Hydroceph! alus,  Poly g' ala,  etc. 

Rule  3. — Dissyllables  always  take  the  accent  on  the  penultima; 
as,  A cor,  Co'ma,  Liquor,  &c. 

It  may  be  observed  that  whenever  the  accent  of  a Latin  word 
falls  on  the  antepenultimate  vowel  followed  immediately  by  a 
single  consonant,  the  accent  is  usually  placed  after  the  conso- 
nant, and  the  vowel  is  made  what  in  English  we  term  “short.” 
(See  examples  under  Rule  Second.)  Accordingly,  we  pronounce 
Abdominis — abdom'inis,  Assafcetida — assafet'ida,  etc.,  although  in 
both  of  these  instances  the  penultimate  syllable  is  long  in  Latin. f 
The  only  important  exception  to  this  rule  occurs  in  words  having 
u for  the  antepenultimate  vowel;  as,  Alu'mma,  Sulphu' ricus,  etc., 
in  which  case  the  accent  should  always  be  placed  before  the  conso- 
nant, the  vowel  retaining  its  full  or  long  sound. J 

It  has  until  recently  been  the  almost  universal  usage  among 

* The  quantity  is  determined  chiefly  by  the  usage  of  the  Latin  poets,  and 
certain  recognized  rules  of  derivation. 

f It  is  very  important  to  bear  in  mind  the  essential  difference  between  a 
long  vowel  in  English  and  a long  vowel  in  Latin  or  Greek.  In  the  former 
case  the  word  “long”  refers  to  the  quality  of  the  vowel,  in  the  latter  always 
to  the  quantity.  The  pronunciation  of  a long  vowel  in  Latin  or  Greek  is 
estimated  to  occupy  just  twice  as  much  time  as  is  spent  in  uttering  a short 
vowel.  In  the  present  work,  however,  when  the  term  “long”  is  employed 
in  reference  to  the  pronunciation  of  a word,  it  is  to  be  understood  in  the 
English  sense,  if  the  contrary  be  not  distinctly  stated.  m 

J The  plural  of  Greek  nouns  in  -oma  are,  by  common  usage,  excepted : as, 
aro'mata  (from  aro'ma ),  not  arom'ata.  If  the  penultima  be  a vowel  followed 
immediately  by  another  vowel,  the  antepenultimate  syllable  is  usually  made 
long : as,  am-mo'ni-a,  ci-ne're-us. 


Vlll 


PREFACE. 


classical  scholars  to  pronounce  the  ancient  Greek  (like  the  Latin,) 
according  to  the  quantity  of  the  vowels ; but  within  a few  years 
some  institutions  of  learning  of  the  highest  character,  both  in 
Europe  and  in  this  country,  have  adopted  the  modern  Greek 
accentuation;  that  is,  they  pronounce  according  to  the  Greek 
accent,  without  the  slightest  reference  to  quantity.  For  example, 
cotpia  (“wisdom”),  and  (bUxpavov  (the  “elbow”),  formerly  called 
so'fe-a  and  o-le-kra'non,  would,  according  to  the  new  mode,  be 
pronounced  so-fee'a  and  o-lek'ra-non.  How  far  this  new  system 
should  affect  our  pronunciation  of  Latinized  terms  derived  from 
the  Greek  may  be  considered  an  open  question.* 

As  already  intimated,  the  accent  is  the  chief,  if  not  the  sole, 
point  in  Latin  pronunciation  about  which  there  is  no  dispute 
among  the  learned.  It  has  accordingly  come  to  be  regarded  as 
one  of  the  essential  tests  by  which  a finished  scholar  may  be 
known.  Our  readers  need  scarcely  be  reminded  that  many  Latin 
phrases  and  sentences  have  become,  so  to  speak,  parts  of  our  own 


* While  it  must  be  admitted  that  all,  or  nearly  all,  the  best  English  autho- 
rities on  classical  pronunciation  recognize  no  other  principle  than  quantity 
for  the  accentuation  of  this  class  of  words,  it  may  be  observed  that  in  Italian 
and  Spanish, — languages  much  more  nearly  related  to  the  Latin  than  ours, — 
words  and  names  derived  from  the  Greek  almost  invariably  follow  the  accentua- 
tion of  the  original,  while  those  of  Latin  derivation  are  as  uniformly  ac- 
centuated according  to  the  quantity  of  their  Latin  primitives.  Not  only 
is  the  name  Sofia  (from  the  Greek  ao^ia , whence  our  Sophi'a)  pronounced 
so-fee/a  (though  in  Greek  the  penultima  is  short),  and  its  derivative  filosofia 
(“philosophy”)  fe-lo-so-fce'a,  but  the  numerous  class  of  Italian  and  Spanish 
words  ending  in  -grafia  (Greek  -ypafta),  and  -logia  (Greek  -Aoym)  always 
have,  like  the  Greek,  the  accent  on  the  penultima,  although  this  is  invariably 
short  in  the  Greek;  as  cosmografii'a  (cosmography),  geografi'a  (geography), 
ortografi'a  (orthography),  &c. ; and  analog^  a (analogy),  filologi'a  (philology), 
etc.  etc.  Insania  takes  the  antepenultimate  accent,  because  the  penultima  of 
the  Latin  (ima'nia)  is  short;  while  mania , with  the  same  termination,  has  the 
penultimate  accent  (ma-nee/a),  simply  because  the  Greek  ( gavia ) is  so  accented. 
J The  remark  made  above,  that  words  in  Italian  and  Spanish  derived  from 
the  Latin  follow  the  Latin  quantity,  while  those  from  the  Greek  conform  to 
the  Greek  accentuation,  should  of  course  be  limited  to  such  as  have  not  become 
materially  changed  or  corrupted.  It  will  be  seen  that  in  the  examples  above 
cited  no  change  has  taken  place,  except  substituting  f for  <p}  whicn  does  not 
in  the  slightest  degree  affect  the  pronunciation. 


PREFACE. 


IX 


language.  He,  therefore,  who  aspires  to  the  character  of  a correct 
and  polished  speaker,  cannot,  without  serious  danger  to  his  reputa- 
tion, neglect  this  important  branch  of  orthoepy.  It  is  true  that  a 
very  few  words  of  Latin  origin  (as  Au'ditor , Or’ator , Sen'ator*  etc.) 
have,  on  becoming  Anglicized,  without  any  change  in  the  spelling, 
lost  the  original  penultimate  accent.  But  the  large  majority  of 
Anglicized  words  retain  the  classical  accentuation,  as  Acu'men , 
Albu'men , Aro'ma , Cogno'  men,  Deco1  rum,  Dicta! tor,  Farina , Far- 
ra!go,  Horizon,  Saliva,  Spectator,  etc.,  all  of  which  have  resisted 
the  general  tendency  of  our  language,  which  is  to  throw  the 
accent  on  the  antepenultima  in  such  words:  indeed,  we  not  unfre- 
quently  hear  uneducated  people  say,  Ar'oma,  Cog' nomen,  Sal'iva , 
etc.  If,  then,  Anglicized  Latin  words,  which  are  in  everybody’s 
mouth,  are  generally  pronounced  according  to  the  original  accentu- 
ation, scientific  terms  ought  unquestionably  to  be  always  so  pro- 
nounced. This  principle  is,  indeed,  fully  recognized  in  the  accentu- 
ations given  in  the  last  edition  of  our  Pharmacopoeia,  in  which,  we 
believe,  not  a single  instance  occurs  of  a Latin  name  that  does  not 
conform  to  the  classical  pronunciation ; although,  if  English  analogy 
were  allowed  to  have  any  influence,  we  should  scarcely  pronounce 
Conium,  Matico,  etc.,  with  the  accent  on  the  penultima. 

Of  such  Latin  words  as  were  used  by  the  ancients,  there  is 
generally  no  difficulty  in  determining  the  accentuation.  But  the 
case  is  different  with  respect  to  Latin  terms  (consisting  chiefly  of 
botanical  and  other  scientific  names)  of  modern  origin.  Among 
these  there  are  a number  of  which  the  etymology  is  obscure  or 
uncertain,  and  the  accentuation  is,  in  consequence,  more  or  less 
doubtful.  In  such  cases,  the  editor  has  not  only  sought  to  avail 
himself  of  the  light  which  general  analogy  might  shed  upon  the 
point  in  question,  but  he  has  carefully  consulted  all  the  best  works 
accessible  to  him,  relating  to  such  subjects.  Among  these  he 
would  express  his  particular  obligations  to  Gray’s  “ Manual  of 
Botany,”  Mayne’s  “Expository  Lexicon,”  Wittstein’s  “Etymo- 
logisch-Botanisches  Worterbuch,”  and,  above  all,  to  Dunglison’s 
“Medical  Dictionary,”  which  in  relation  to  these  difficult  questions 


*Anemo'ne,  when  used  as  an  English  word,  is  always  pronounced  anem'one. 


PREFACE. 


X 

exhibits  a degree  of  accuracy,  as  well  as  judgment,  unsurpassed,  if 
not  unequalled,  among  scientific  works  of  reference. 

Those  who  take  a particular  interest  in  such  subjects  are  re- 
ferred to  the  “Table  of  Disputed  Pronunciations”  (see  Appendix, 
pp.  698-9),  containing  a list  of  the  most  important  terms  occurring 
in  medical  works,  respecting  the  accentuation  of  which  there  is  a 
difference  among  the  best  orthoepical  authorities.* 

Respecting  the  plan  of  the  Dictionary,  it  may  be  observed  that 
immediately  after  the  term  itself,  if  this  be  English,  is  inserted 
the  Latin  synonym,  then  the  etymology,  both  being  enclosed  in 
brackets.  If  the  term  be  Latin,  it  is  immediately  followed  by  the 
etymology,  enclosed  in  brackets.  (Compare  Ablactation , Apoplexy , 
Artery ; also,  Abdomen , Ablepsia , etc.)  The  French  synonyms  of 
important  medical  terms  are  also  given,  excepting  such  as  are 
essentially  the  same  as  the  English  or  Latin  : for  example,  Ablacta- 
tion (“ablactation”),  Bandage  (a  “bandage”),  Uterus  (the  “ute- 
rus7'), etc.;  or  such  as  differ  only  very  slightly,  as  Apoplexie 
(“  apoplexy”),  Artdre  (“  artery”),  Hepatite  (“  hepatitis”),  OEsophage 
(“  oesophagus”),  etc.  As  these  would,  for  the  most  part,  be  readily 
understood  without  a dictionary,  they  have  generally  been  omitted. 
By  adopting  this  plan,  the  attention  of  the  student  is  particularly 
directed  to  those  French  terms  which  it  is  most  important  for  him 
to  acquire ; that  is,  to  such  as  are  essentially  different  from  the 
Latin  or  English,  and  therefore  not  likely  to  be  understood  unless 
explained.  Of  this  class  of  words  the  following  examples  may 
be  given: — Coeur  (“heart”),  Clou  (“clove”),  Cou  (“neck”),  Main 
(“hand”),  CEil  (“eye”),  Poumons  (“lungs”),  Toux  (“ cough”),  etc. 

A considerable  portion  of  the  Appendix  is  occupied  with  the 


* In  speaking  of  “authorities”  in  regard  to  questions  of  this  kind,  we  do 
not,  of  course,  allude  to  those  persons,  however  illustrious,  who  are  merely 
distinguished  for  their  scientific  attainments  or  for  their  general  learning,  but 
to  such  only  as  have  paid  particular  attention  to  the  subject  of  orthoepy.  It  is 
not  to  be  denied  that  some,  who  are  justly  regarded  as  ornaments  of  science, 
either  from  never  having  given  any  attention  to  such  subjects,  or  from  mere 
carelessness,  are  most  untrustworthy  guides  in  all  that  relates  to  correctness  of 
language,  whether  written  or  spoken.  They  seem  to  forget  that  thoughts  are 
like  jewels:  the  greater  their  value,  the  more  important  it  is  that  they  should 
be  well  set,  that  their  beauty  may  be  exhibited  to  the  best  advantage. 


PREFACE. 


XI 


“ Table  of  Materia  Medica,”  containing  the  names  of  all,  or  nearly 
all,  the  medicinal  articles  of  any  importance,  arranged  according 
to  their  medical  properties.  Such  a classification,  it  is  believed, 
will  be  found  extremely  useful,  at  least  to  those  who  have  not  had 
time  or  opportunity  to  make  themselves  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  vast  resources  of  our  Materia  Medica. 

Besides  the  articles  already  mentioned,  included  in  the  Ap- 
pendix, it  contains  a tolerably  complete  Table  of  Doses,  prepared 
with  great  care.  It  also  contains  a synopsis  of  the  respective 
Nosologies  of  Cullen  and  Good.  Although  at  the  present  time 
neither  of  these  systems  is  generally  followed,  both  have  exerted 
great  influence  upon  medical  nomenclature,  and  may,  therefore, 
justly  claim  some  notice  at  our  hands.  It  was  believed  that  in  no 
other  way  could  an  idea  be  given  of  them  so  clearly  and  so  briefly 
as  by  means  of  synoptical  tables. 

Among  the  multitude  of  works  which  the  editor  has  had  occa- 
sion to  consult  in  the  preparation  of  this  Dictionary,  justice  re- 
quires that  he  should  express  his  great  obligations  to  a few  to 
which  he  is  especially  indebted.  His  acknowledgments  are  pre- 
eminently due  to  Mayne’s  “Expository  Lexicon”  (London,  1860); 
a Dictionary  of  Medicine,  original  in  its  plan,  and  evincing  in  its 
execution  much  diligence,  learning,  and  research.  He  would  also 
express  his  important  obligations  to  Gray’s  “ Structural  and  Syste- 
matic Botany,”  and  “Manual  of  Botany,”  to  which  he  has  gene- 
rally had  recourse  as  his  chief  authorities  on  all  questions  relating 
to  botanical  science.  To  Hoblyn’s  “Medical  Dictionary”  he  is 
indebted  for  the  matter  of  a number  of  articles,  particularly  those 
relating  to  chemistry.  The  notices  of  the  natural  orders  of  plants 
and  animals  have  mostly  been  taken  from  that  justly  popular 
work,  Brande’s  “Encyclopaedia  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art.’’ 

Nor  can  he  omit  to  mention  his  great  and  important  obligations 
to  Wood  and  Bache’s  “United  States  Dispensatory,”  a work 
which  justly  ranks  among  the  first  of  its  kind  that  have  ever 
been  published  in  this  or  any  other  country. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  SIGNS,  ABBREVIATIONS, 
ETC.  USED  IN  THE  PRESENT  WORK. 

a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  y,  are  long,  as  in  fate , mete,  pine,  note,  tube,  fly. 
a,  e,  l,  o,  u,  y , are  short,  as  in  fat,  met,  pin,  not,  tub,  mystic, 
h,  &,  and  6,  are  like  a,  e,  and  o,  except  that  the  sound  is  less  prolonged, 
a,  e,  are  obscure,  as  in  the  final  syllables  of  America,  writer,  etc. 
g = y hard. 

y is  to  be  sounded  like  s or  ss ; G and  g like  jr'/  s has  the  sound  of  z . 

•crh  is  to  be  sounded  like  k ; but  ch  without  any  mark  should  be  pronounced  as  in 
chill  or  child. 

N,  m,  and  n°  are  used  to  represent  the  French  nasal  sound,  somewhat  resembling 
that  of  ng  in  long,  r (small  capital)  implies  that  the  r should  be  trilled:  ii  denotes 
the  sound  of  the  French  u;  u,  that  of  the  French  eu,  similar  to  the  sound  of  u in 
the  English  word  fur. 

An  asterisk  (*)  affixed  to  a word  or  phrase  denotes  that  it  is  either  Latin  or  Latin- 
ized Greek,  etc. 

= signifies  “ equivalent  to.”  Thus,  Cath.  = Catharticus  implies  that  Cath.  is 
equivalent  to,  or  stands  for,  Catharticus  (“  Cathartic”). 

||  placed  after  the  phrase  “ Pharmacopoeial  name”  denotes  that  the  name  belongs 
alike  to  the  British  and  United  States  Pharmacopoeias. 

An  acute  accent  denotes  a primary,  a grave  a secondary,  accent. 

J^As  a general  rule,  no  marks  have  been  placed  on  the  vowels  in  cases  where 
these  would  naturally  be  pronounced  correctly  without  any  mark. 

When  a reference  is  made  to  some  other  part  of  the  Dictionary,  the  word 
referred  to  is  put  in  small  capitals:  hence,  if  small  capitals  are  used,  a reference  is 
always  implied.  See  Hxmatiasis,  Hsematopoiesis , etc.  in  the  Dictionary. 


Abl ablative. 

Acc accusative. 

Br.  or  Brit British. 

Dat dative. 

Dub Dublin. 

Ed Edinburgh. 

e.g.  ( exem'pli  yra'tid)  for  example. 
F.  or  fem feuiiuiue. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

Fr French. 

Geu genitive. 

Ger German. 

Gr.  Greek. 

i.e.  (id  est) that  is. 

Lat Latin. 

Loud London. 

M.  or  masc masculine. 


N.  or  neut neuter. 

Norn nominative. 

Ph.  or  Pharm Pharmacopoeia. 

PI plural. 

Pron pronunciation. 

Sp Spauish. 

U.S United  States. 

Voc Vocative. 


To  render  these  explanations  complete,  a table  of  the  Greek  alphabet  is  subjoined. 


r 

Letter. 

Name. 

Power. 

Letter. 

Name. 

Power. 

Letter. 

Name. 

Power. 

A 

a 

Alpha 

a 

I 

l 

Iota 

i 

P 

P 

ltho 

r 

B 

P 6 

Beta 

b 

K 

K 

Kappa 

k 

2 

<r  s 

Sigma 

s 

r 

y 

Gamma 

g hard 

A 

X 

Lambda 

1 

T 

T 

Tau 

t 

A 

6 

Delta 

d 

M 

Mu 

m 

Y 

V 

Upsllon 

u or  y 

E 

€ 

Epsilon 

e short 

N 

V 

Nu 

n 

<!> 

* 

Phi 

ph 

Z 

£ 

Zeta 

z 

s 

£ 

Xi 

X 

X 

X 

Chi 

ch  hard 

H 

T) 

Eta 

e long 

o 

o 

Omicron 

o short 

* 

Psi 

ps 

0 

§ 9 

Theta 

th 

II 

7 r 

» 

P 

G 

(O 

Om&ga 

0 long 

Remarks. — r followed  immediately  by  another  y,  by  k,  or  by  x,  sounds  like  n:  hence,  ay- 
ycTov,  a -‘vessel,”  should  be  rendered  by  angeion  or  angion,  if  Roman  letters  are  used;  ayKvXos 
(‘-  bent”),  by  ankylns  or  ancylos ; uyx (to  “ choke”),  by  ancho,  etc.  T,  though  usually  considered 
to  be  equivalent  to  u,  is  almost  invariably  rendered  by  y,  in  Latin.  See  dyxvXog,  above  given. 
K is  usually  replaced  in  Latin  by  c, as  Kvvdpa  or  Ktvapa,  cynara  or  cinara  (a  kind  of  “artichoke”). 
As  in  Latin  words  of  Greek  derivation  y is  sounded  like  i,  and  not  like  u,  so  c should  in 
such  words  be  pronounced  with  its  proper  Latin  sound, — always  like  s before  e , i.  and  y. 

At  (in  Greek)  when  changed  into  Latin,  becomes  se  ; and  ot,  oe;  as  aid  toil/,  sethiops , 
oiSr/pa,  oedema , etc. 

II  is  represented  in  Greek  by  ',  called  the  “rough  breathing”  ( spir'itus  as'per),  as  in 
vni,  under,”  alpa , “blood,”  etc.  All  Greek  words  beginning  with  a vowel  have  either  the 
rough  or  smooth  breathing  (spir'itus  le'nis).  Compare  aid  tot//,  “black,”  atria,  “cause,”  etc. 
The  smooth  breathing  indicates  simply  the  natural  sound  of  the  vowel, 
xii 


PRONOUNCING 


MEDICAL  DICTIONARY. 


A 

A,  or  an  before  a word  beginning  with 
a vowel  or  with  h.  [a  or  av .]  A prefix 
in  compound  words  of  Greek  derivation, 
having  a negative  or  privative  force : as, 
tonic , “possessing  or  imparting  tone  ;” 
a-tonic , “ without  tone  ;”  a-cephafovs, 
“without  a head;”  an -aesthetic,  “with- 
out perception;”  an-hydrous,  “without 
water.” 

A is  also  a French  preposition,  signi- 
fying “to”  or  “at,”  and  forming  a part 
of  certain  surgical  and  medical  phrases, 
as  d deux  temps,  ft  duh  to^°.  “At  two 
times.”  Applied  to  the  operation  of 
lithotomy,  in  which  the  calculus,  from 
cert  ain  causes,  cannot  be  immediately 
extracted,  and  is  therefore  let  alone  till 
during  the  suppurating  stage,  when  ex- 
traction may  be  more  easily  effected. 

AA.  A contraction  of  the  Greek 
word  ana  (di/a),  signifying,  literally, 
“ up  through”  or  “ throughout ;”  some- 
times equivalent  to  “of  each.”  Writ- 
ten in  prescriptions  after  the  names  of 
several  different  medicines,  to  denote  an 
equal  quantity  of  each. 

AAA.  Abbreviation  for  Amalgam. 

Ab.  A Latin  particle  signifying 
“ from.”  “ off,”  “ away.” 

Ab-ac'tus  Vesi'ter,*  or  Veai'ter 
Abac' til s.*  [From  ab,  “from,”  and 
a' go,  ac'twn , to  “ drive,”  to  “ force.”] 
Literally,  a “ belly  expelled”  or  emptied 
by  forcible  means.  A term  in  Medical  Ju- 
risprudence for  abortion  induced  by  art. 

Ab'a-cus.*  [From  a/?a£,  ajJcucog,  a 
mathematical  table  on  which  lines  and 
figures  were  drawn.]  An  old  name  for  a 
table  used  for  medicinal  preparations. 


ABD 

Abaliciiatioii,  ab-al-yen -a/shun. 
[Abalicna'tio,  o'nis;  from  ab,  “from,” 
and  alie’no , aliena'tum,  to  “estrange.”] 
Formerly  used  for  decay  of  the  whole  or 
part  of  the  body;  also,  loss  or  failing  of 
the  senses  or  of  the  mental  faculties. 

Abaiaga,  ab-ang'ga.  The  name  of  the 
fruit  of  a palm-tree  growing  in  the  island 
of  St.  Thomas  (West  Indies).  The  seeds 
are  considered  very  useful  in  diseases  of 
the  chest. 

Ab-ar-tic-u-la/tion.  [Abartaciila'- 
tao,  o'nis;  from  ab,  “from,”  and  articu- 
la'tio,  “articulation.”]  A kind  of  ar- 
ticulation admitting  of  free  motion.  See 
Diarthrosis. 

Ab-bre'  vi-at-ed.  [Abbrevia'tus ; 

from  abbre'vro,  abbrevia'tum,  to  “short- 
en.”] Shortened,  as  when  the  cup  is 
shorter  than  the  tube  of  the  flower. 

Ab»bre-G*a'tion.  [Abbrevia'tio, 
o'nis  ; from  the  same.]  A part  of  a word 
shortened  by  cutting  off  one  or  more  of 
its  latter  syllables.  Applied  to  many 
initial  and  medial  letters,  and  contrac- 
tions, of  medical  terms,  which  will  be 
found  in  their  alphabetical  order. 

Abces.  See  Abscess. 

Abdom.  Abbreviation  for  Abdo'men. 

Ab-doinen,-  gen.  Ab-dom'l-nis. 
[From  ab'do,  ab’dere,  to  “hide.”]  The 
largest  cavity  of  the  body ; the  belly. 
The  same  region  in  the  lower  animals. 
See  Alvus,  Imus  Venter,  Venter. 

Ab-dom'i-nal.  [Abdomina'lis ; 

from  abdo'men.]  Belonging  to  the  abdo- 
men ; ventral. 

Abdominal  Aor'ta.  That  portion  of 
the  aorta  situated  below  the  diaphragm. 

9 


ABD 


ABL 


AbcBom'inal  Ap»oia-ew-ro'sis.  The 

conjoined  tendons  of  the  oblique  and 
transverse  muscles  on  the  anterior  por- 
tion of  the  abdomen.  See  Aponeu- 
rosis. 

Abdom'inal  Crang-'Isa  (gang'gle-a). 
The  semilunar  ganglia,  so  named  from 
their  situation. 

Abdoin'inalEing'.  [An'milus  Ab- 
dominis.] The  fancied  ring-like  open- 
ing on  each  side  of  the  abdomen,  ex- 
ternal and  superior  to  th q pubes.  Through 
it,  in  males,  passes  the  spermatic  cord. 
It  is  also  called  the  In'guinal  Ring. 

Ab-doan-i-naiis.*  [From  abdo'  - 
men.]  Pertaining  to  the  abdomen ; 
abdominal;  ventral.  In  the  plural  (Ab- 
domina'les)  it  forms  the  name  of  an 
order  of  fishes  having  the  ventral  fins 
under  the  abdomen  and  behind  the  pec- 
torals. 

Ab-doau-i-iios'oo-py.  [Abdomino- 

seo'pia;  from  abdo' men,  and  axonecx),  to 
“ observe.”]  The  examination  of  the 
abdomen  by  percussion,  inspection,  mea- 
surement, or  manual  examination. 

Ab-dii'cent.  [Abdu'ceiis;  from  ab, 
“from,”  and  du'co,  due' turn,  to  “lead,”  to 
“draw.”]  Applied  to  muscles  by  which 
the  members  or  limbs  are  drawn  from 
the  mesial  line  (or  axis  of  the  body) ; 
also  to  the  sixth  pair  of  nerves. 

Ab-duc'tioii.  [Abduc'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  That  movement  by  which 
one  part  is  moved  from  another,  or  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

Ab-duc'tor,  o'r is*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  a muscle  which  performs,  or 
assists  in  performing,  abduction. 

Abelnioschus,* §,-bel-mos'kus.  [From 
the  Arab,  ab-el-mushk ; literally,  the 
“ father  of  musk.”]  Musk-seed ; the 
specific  name  of  the  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chns.  The  seeds  of  this  plant,  called 
< jrana  moscliatn  (“musk-seeds”),  are 
employed  in  the  East  in  forming  the 
Pondre  de  Civ/pre,  or  Cyprus  powder , 
used  for  flavoring  coffee. 

Ab-ep-I-tSiym'I-a.*[From  a&,“from,” 
“off,”  and  imO  <ixla,  “desire.”]  A faulty 
term  (partly  Latin  and  partly  Greek)  for 
paralysis  of  the  solar  plexus,  cutting  off 
communication  between  the  nervous 
system  and  abdominal  viscera,  the 
supposed  seat  of  the  appetites  and  de- 
sires. 

Ab-er-ra'iion.  [Aberra'tio,  o 'nit; 
from  ab,  “from,”  and  er'ro , erra'tum,  to 
“wander.”]  Applied  to  a disordered 
state  of  the  intellect.  Applied  also  to 
the  rays  of  light  when  refracted  by  a 
‘lO 


lens,  or  reflected  by  a mirror,  so  that 
they  do  not  converge  into  a focus. 

Ab-e-vac-u-a'tion.  [Abevacua'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  ab,  “from,”  and  ecae'uo, 
evacua'tum,  to  “ empty  out,”  to  “empty.”] 
A medical  term  usually  applied  to  a par- 
tial or  incomplete  evacuation,  but  by  some 
writers  employed  to  denote  an  immode- 
rate evacuation. 

A'bi-es,*  gen.  A-bi'e-tis.  [Supposed 
to  be  from  ab,  “from,”  and  e'o,  to  “go,” 
on  account  of  the  great  height  which 
it  goes  or  extends  from  the  earth.]  The 
specific  name  of  the  Piuus  Abies,  or  fir- 
tree.  See  Pints. 

A'bies  Excel'sa.*  One  of  the  plants 
from  which  the  Thus,  or  frankincense,  is 
obtained. 

A'bies  Ea'rix.*  The  tree  which 
affords  Venice  turpentine. 

Ab-i-et'ic.  [Abiet'ieus;  frtm  a'bies .] 
Belonging  to  the  fir-tree. 

Abietiin,  or  Abietine,  a-bi'e-tin. 
[Abieti'na;  from  a'bies.]  A resinous 
substance,  also  called  the  resin  Gumma, 
or  third  in  order,  obtained  from  Stras- 
bourg turpentine. 

Abi'etis  Res-i'na.*  The  resin  of  the 
fir-tree;  the  Thus,  or  common  frankin- 
cense; spontaneously  exuded  by  the 
Pin  us  Abies.  See  Frankincense. 

Abietite,  a-bi'e-tit.  [Abieti'tes  ? 
from  abies,  and  \i6o;,  a “stone.”]  A 
genus  of  fossil  coniferous  plants  in  the 
Wealden  and  Greensand  formations. 

Ab-ir-ri-fa'tion.  [Abirrifa'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  ab,  “from”  or  “away,”  and 
irri'to,  irrita'tum , to  “ irritate ;”  denoting 
the  passing  “away”  or  absence  of  irrita- 
tion or  of  vital  irritability.]  Diminished 
irritability  in  the  various  tissues,  and  so 
slightly  distinct  from  Asthenia. 

Ab-Bac-ta'tion.  [Ablaeta'tio, ©'ms; 
from  ab,  “ from,”  “ away,”  and  lac,  lacr- 
ti.8,  “ milk.”  See  Lactation.]  The  wean- 
ing of  a child.  Some  writers  make  a dis- 
tinction between  ablactation  and  weaning. 
By  the  former  they  mean  the  termina- 
tion of  the  period  of  suckling  as  regards 
the  mother;  by  the  latter,  the  same 
period  with  reference  to  the  child. 

Ab-la'tion.  [Abla'tio,  o’m's;  from 
au'fero,  abla'tum  (from  ab,  “from,” 
“away,”  and  fe'ro,  la'tum,  to  “carry,”  or 
“take”),  to  “take  away.”]  The  re- 
moving of  any  part  by  excision,  extir- 
pation. or  amputation. 

A-blep'sI-aiu*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
to  “see.”]  Want  of  sight;  blind- 
ness : ablep'sy. 

Ab'Iu-ent.  [Ab'luens;  from  ab, 


ABL 


ABS 


“from”  or  “ away/'  anil  lu'o,  latum,  to 
“ wash.”]  That  which  washes  away  or 
carries  off  imparities.  See  Abster- 
gent. 

Ab-lutioii.  [Ablu'tio,  o'mm;  from 
the  same.]  The  separation  of  extraneous 
matters  by  washing.  Anciently  an  in- 
ternal washing  by  administering  profuse 
libations  of  milk-whey. 

Ab-aior'inal.  [Abaaor'mis;  from  ab, 
“from.”  and  no/ma,  a “rule;”  denoting 
a departure  from  the  “ rule,”  course,  or 
custom  of  nature.]  Contrary  to  the  na- 
tural condition ; unnatural. 

Ab-o-ma'sum,*  or  Ab-o-ina'sias.'* 
[From  ab,  “from,”  and  oma'sum , the 
“ paunch.”]  The  fourth  stomach  of  the 
JRuminantia.  From  this  part  of  calves, 
lambs,  etc.,  rennet  is  prepared. 

Aborlj/jeaiis,*  ab-o-rij'e  nis.  [More 
frequently  used  in  the  plural  (Aborigi- 
nes, ab-o-rij'e-nez) ; from  ab,  “from,” 
and  ori'yo,  the  “ beginning.”]  Native  or 
original  of  a country  : aboriginal. 

Ab-or'sus,*  [From  abo'rior,  abor’tus , 
to  “miscarry.”]  A miscarriage  in  the 
first  or  early  months.  More  properly 
Abortus,  or  Abortion,  which  see. 

Ab-or'ti-cide.  [Aborticul'ium ; 
from  ubor'tus,  and  coe'do,  to  “kill.”]  The 
destroying  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  See 
F(Erroii>E. 

Ab-or'tient.  [Abor'tieais ; from 
abo'rior.]  Miscarrying.  Applied  synony- 
mously with  Sterilis.  See  Sterile. 

Ab-or'tioai.  [Abortio,  o 'nis  ; from 
abo'rior,  abor'tus,  to  “miscarry.”]  The 
morbid  expulsion  of  an  immature  foetus  ; 
a miscarriage.  In  Botany,  imperfect  de- 
velopment. 

Abor'iion,  Criminal.  Foeticide. 

Ab-or'tive.  [ Aborti'vus ; from  the 
same.]  Causing  abortion.  Sometimes 
applied  to  treatment  adopted  for  pre- 
venting further  or  complete  development 
of  disease. 

Abortus.*  [From  the  same.]  See 
Abortion. 

Abrachia,*  ab-ra-kl'a.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  /3pa\icx)u,  the  “arm.”]  A sort  of  mon- 
strosity, consisting  in  the  absence  of 
arms. 

Abrancltia,*a-brank'e-a.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  (ipayx-a,  the  “gills”  or  “respi- 
ratory organs.”]  Literally,  having  no 
organs  of  respiration.  A name  given  by 
Cuvier  to  an  order  of  Anellidse  having 
no  external  organs  of  respiration. 

Abraucliiata.  See  Abranchia. 

A-bra'sioai.  [Abra'sio,  o' nis;  from 
ab,  “ from”  or  “ off,”  and  ra do,  ra'sum , 


to  “scrape.”]  A term  for  the  partial 
tearing  off  or  fretting  of  the  sain. 

Abrotanuni.  See  Abrotonum. 

Abrotonuin.  See  Artemisia. 

Ab-i'ot'o-aiuaii  Mas.*  Another  name 
for  Artemisia  Abrotonum,  which  see. 

Ab-rupt'.  [Abrupt  us;  from  ab, 
“from,”  “off,”  and  ruiu'po,  rup'tum,  to 
“break.”]  Applied  to  leaves  and  roots 
that  seem  broken  off  at  their  extremity. 

Abrus  JPre-ca-to'ri-us.*  [From  h(3p6$, 
“delicate,”  “elegant,” and preca'lor,  “one 
who  prays,”  alluding  to  its  use  for  ro- 
saries.] Called  also  Wild  Liquorice,  Li- 
quorice Bush,  Red  Bean,  and  other 
names.  A small  shrub  growing  in  the 
West  Indies,  Central  America,  and  also 
in  Egypt,  having  beautiful  scarlet  seeds, 
which  are  employed  for  rosaries,  neck- 
laces, etc.  The  roots  and  leaves  contain 
mucilage,  and  are  sometimes  used  as 
demulcents. 

Abs.  A Latin  particle,  having  the 
same  force  as  Ab,  which  sec. 

Ab'scess.  [ Absces'saas ; from  abs, 
“from,”  and  ce’do,  ces'sum,  to  “go;”  be- 
cause the  matter  “goes  from”  or  sepa- 
rates itself  from  the  rest  of  the  body.] 
(Fr.  Abces,  &b's&\)  A tumor  or  swelling 
(usually  large  and  deep)  containing  pus. 

Abscissa,  Vox.  See  Vox  Abscissa. 

Ab-scis'sion.  [Abseis'sSo,  o' nis; 
from  ab,  “from,”  “away,”  and  sain  do, 
8cis'sum,  to  “ cut.”]  Applied  to  a frac- 
tured bone  when  a part  of  it  is  cut  off 
and  removed,  or  to  the  cutting  off  of  any 
soft  part,  as  of  a nerve,  or  the  prepuce,  etc. 

Abscoaisio*  (ab-skon'she-o),  o'  nis. 
[From  abs,  “away,”  and  condo,  to 
“hide.”]  A term  formerly  denoting  the 
same  as  Sinus:  an  abscon'sion. 

Abs.  febr.  = Absen’te  fe'bre.%  “ Fever 
being  absent,”  or,  in  the  absence  of  fever. 

Ab-siBi'thate.  [Absizi'thas,  a 'tis.] 
A combination  of  absinthic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Ab-saaa'tBcac.  [Absui'tfiicus:  from 
absinthium.]  Belonging  to  Absinthium  ; 
applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

Ab-siaitbiai.  [Absiaitlai'aia.]  The 

bitter  principle  discovered  in  Absinthium. 

Ab-sin'tSia-aiaii.*  [Gr.  dipirOior.]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  and  Ed. 
Ph.)  for  Wormwood,  the  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium, and  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  its  tops  and 
leaves.  See  Artemista. 

Absiii  tbiaiau  Com-niu'iie.'*  An- 
other name  for  the  Artemisia  absinthium, 
or  Wormwood. 

Absiai'f ilium  Ma-rit'i-aiuiiai.*  An- 
other name  for  Artemisia  maritima. 

11 


ABS 


ACA 


Absiii'ttiiuin  Ab- 

sin  tSiicim  Ro*ma  iiiim.  i;  Other  names 
for  Artemisia  Pontica,  which  see. 

Absin'ttiium  Sail- ton  i-cum.*  An- 
other name  for  Artemisia  santonica. 

Absin  thium  Vul-ga're.*  Another 

name  for  Artemisia  absinthium. 

Ab'so-lute  Al'co-bol.  Alcohol  as 
free  from  water  as  it  can  be  obtained. 
See  Alcohol. 

Ab-sor'bent.  [Absor'bens;  from 

ab,  “from,”  and  sor'beo,  sorp'tum,  to  “ sip 
or  suck.”]  Sucking  up  or  absorbing. 
Applied  to  the  lacteal  and  lymphatic 
vessels,  and  to  the  origins  of  vessels  on 
the  roots  of  plants.  Applied  to  medicines 
which  neutralize  acidity  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  etc. 

Absoi*'bent  Sys'tem.  A term  used 
to  denote  collectively  the  vessels  and 
glands  which  perform  the  function  of 
absorption. 

Ab-sorp'tion.  [Absorp'tio,  o’nis  ; 
from  the  same.]  The  sucking  up  of 
substances  applied  to  the  mouths  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels.  In  Chemistry,  the  suck- 
ing up  or  imbibition  of  a gas  or  vapor 
by  a liquid  or  solid. 

Absorption,  Cutaneous.  See  Cu- 
taneous Absorption. 

Absorption,  Interstitial.  See 
Interstitial  Absorption. 

Ab-ste  ini-ous.  [AbsteTnius ; from 
abs,  “from,”  and  feme  turn,  an  old  Latin 
word  for  “wine:”  others  derive  it  from 
abs,  “from,”  and  teneo,  to  “hold”  or 
“ keep,”  n being  changed  to  r».]  Strictly, 
abstaining  from  wine ; but  generally  ap- 
plied also  to  moderation  in  diet. 

Ab-ster'gent.  [Abster'gens^n'/i's  ; 
from  ulster'  geo,  ulster  sum,  to  “ cleanse.”] 
Cleansing;  abluent;  abstersive.  Applied 
to  medicines  which  cleanse  from  foulness 
or  sordes. 

Absti-neiice.  [Abstinen'tia ; from 

abs,  “from,”  and  teneo , to  “hold”  or 
“keep;”  to  “abstain.”]  The  refraining 
from,  or  sparing  use  of,  food,  liquors, 
etc. 

Abs-trac'tion.  [Abstrae'tio,  o'nis  ; 

from  abs , “from,”  “away,”  and  traho, 
true  turn , to  “draw.”]  The  separating 
of  a fluid  from  a salt,  etc.  That  mental 
power  by  which  one  particular  idea  may 
be  dwelt  upon  to  the  exclusion  of  others; 
also,  that  by  which  general  ideas  may 
be  formed  from  those  of  particular  ob- 
jects. Applied  also  to  the  drawing  of 
blood  from  a blood-vessel. 

Ab'sus.*  A species  of  Cassia,  the 
seeds  of  which,  being  powdered  and 
12 


mixed  with  sugar,  are  used  in  Egypt  as 
an  application  to  the  eyes  in  ophthalmia. 

A-buta.*  Another  name  for  the  Pa- 
reira  Brava,  which  see. 

A-bu  til-on.*  Called  also  the  Indian 
or  yellow  mallow.  It  is  mucilaginous, 
and  sometimes  used  for  diarrhoea  in 
cattle. 

Abvacuataon.  See  Abevacuation. 

Acacia,*  a-ka'she-a;  gen.  Acacia*, 
a-ka'she-e.  [From  dd,  a “ sharp  point;” 
the  name  having  been  given  on  account 
of  the  prickles  or  thorns  with  which  the 
tree  abounds.]  A genus  of  the  Linnaean 
class  Polygamia , natural  order  Legumi- 
nosse . Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  || 
for  gum-arabic. 

Aca'cia  Al'tera  Trifolia'ta.  See 

Spartium  Spinosum. 

Acacia  Arabica.  See  Acacia  Vera. 

Aca'cise  A-s  ab'i^ar  Gum  mi.*  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Dub.  Ph.)  of  gum- 
arabic,  obtained  from  Acacia  vera,  and 
other  species  of  Acacia. 

Aca'cia  tat'e-chu.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  which  affords  catechu. 

Aca'cia  In'tlica.*  See  Tamarinlus 
Indica. 

Aca'cia  Vera.*  [From  ve'rits,  “true.”] 
The  “ true  acacia.”  The  Egyptian  thorn, 
or  gum-arabic  tree  ; called  also  Acacia 
Arabica.  Also,  the  expressed  juice  of 
the  unripe  pods  of  the  Acacia  veiarel. 

Aca'cia  Ver'a-vel.*  A species  afford- 
ing the  juice  called  Acacia  vera. 

Aca'cia  Zey-Ion'i-ca.*  A name  for 
UfC'mato.rylon  Camped ianum. 

Acajou,  &'k&'zhoo'.  The  Anacar- 
dium  Occidentale,  which  see. 

Ac-a-le'phe.*  [Gr.  a*aA»</»>7.]  The 
nettle.  See  Urtica. 

Ae-a-le  pirns.*  [From  the  same.]  Be- 
longing to  a nettle.  In  the  neuter  plural 
( Acale'pha ) applied  to  a class  of  the 
Jiadiata,  from  the  stinging  pain  felt  on 
touching  them. 

A-cal  y.£ine.  [Acalyci'itus,  A- 

cal'ycis;  from  a,  priv.,  and  ca'lyx.] 
Having  no  calyx. 

A-camp'sI-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
Ka[iTTT(x)y  to  “bend.”]  An  inflexible  state 
of  a joint.  See  Ankylosis. 

A-can'tlia.*  [Gr.  usaiOa;  from  dicri,  a 
“sharp  point.”]  Applied  formerly  to  the 
spine  of  the  back,  or  rather  of  a vertebra , 
by  the  regular  arrangement  of  the  scries 
of  which  the  former  is  constituted.  A 
thorn,  spine,  or  prickle. 

Acanthacese,*  ak-an-tha'she-e.  The 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants  re- 
sembling the  Acanthus . 


ACA 


ACC 


A-can'thi,*  the  plural  of  Acan'thits, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natu- 
ral order,  now  Acanthaceas,  which  see. 

A-c;ui'thiue.  [Aeantliinus ; from 
ixxavSa , a “thorn.”]  Belonging  to  a 
thorn ; thorny,  prickly. 

A-can'tfiii-um.*  [From  the  same.] 
The  specific  or  trivial  name  for  the 
On opo/d i um  A ca n th  i inn. 

A-can-tlBO-^efidi/a-lous.  [Acan- 
tliocepli'alus ; from  ukcuOol,  and  xstpaXrj, 
the  “ head.”]  Having  a spiny  head.  The 
Latin  term  in  the  neuter  plural  ( Acan - 
thoceph'ala)  is  applied  to  a family  of  the 
Entozo'a  ])arcnchym'ata. 

Acantili©'de.s.  See  Acanthoid. 

A-can'fSioad.  [AcantSfioi'dcs;  from 
iixavda,  a “thorn,”  and  eido$,  a “form.”] 
Having  the  form  of  a thorn  or  spine ; 
resembling  a spine. 

AcantSaogdBorous,  ak-an-thofo-rus. 
[Acanthoma  "ortas;  from  axavOa,  a 
“ thorn,”  and  <pipio,  to  “ bear.”]  Beset 
with  spines  or  coarse  hairs. 

A-can-tho-pocU-ous.  [Acantlio- 
po'dius;  from  iixavQa,  and  7rov,-,  a “foot.”] 
Having  spinous  petioles. 

A-caai-tSiop-ie-ryg/i-i.*  [From  lixav- 
9a,  a “thorn,”  and  irrepiyioj,  a “little 
wing,”  a “ fin.”]  The  name  of  an  order 
of  fishes  having  spiny  fins. 

A-cau'tlm-Ius.*  [From  axav9a,  a 
“thorn.”]  An  instrument  for  extracting 
thorns,  or  spicitlse  of  wood,  bone,  etc., 
from  wounds. 

A-cau'tliiis.*  [From  axav9a,  a 
“thorn.”]  Bear’s  breech.  A genus  of 
the  Linnsean  class  Eidynamia , natural 
order  Acanthaceee. 

Acanthus  Moltis.*  The  systematic 
name  of  Bear’s  breech. 

A-ear'di-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
xapdia,  the  “heart.”]  The  condition  of  a 
monster-foetus,  born  without  a heart,  or, 
rather,  deficient  as  to  the  whole  tho- 
rax. 

Acardiolisemsa,5  a-kar-fle-o-he'- 
me-a.  [From  a , priv.,  xapSia,  the  “heart,” 
and  alua,  “ blood.”]  A deficiency  of  blood 
in  the  heart. 

A-car-dl-o-ner'vi-a.*  [From  a, 
priv.,  xapdia,  the  “heart,”  and  ner'vus , a 
“nerve.”]  A deficiency  of  nervous  action 
in  the  heart,  evinced  by  the  sounds 
being  inaudible. 

A-car«di-o-tfl’©'g>M-a.*  [From  a, 
priv.,  xapdia,  and  rpoprty  “nourishment.”] 
Atrophy  of  the  heart. 

Ac-a-ro-i'des.*  [From  ac'arus,  and 
cidos,  a “ form.”]  Resembling  the  Acarus  : 
ac’aroid. 

9 


A-car'pous.  [Acar'pus;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  xapno$,  “fruit.”]  Having  no 
fruit. 

Ac'a-rus.*  [From  axaptjg , that  which 
cannot  be  cut  on  account  of  its  small- 
ness; from  a,  priv.,  and  xsipoj,  to  “cut.”]  A 
genus  of  minute  insects  infesting  the  skin. 

Ac'arus  Au-ttnn-na'lis.*  The  har- 
vest-bug; the  wheal-worm. 

Ac'arus  I>©-niesti-cus.*  The  do-' 
mestic  tick,  found  on  the  human  body. 

Ac'arus  Ri^'I-nus.**  The  dog-tick. 

Ac'arus  Sac'clia-ri.*  (“  Acarus  of 
Sugar.”)  An  animalcule  found  in  sugar, 
causing  “ grocer’s  itch.” 

Ac'arus  Sca-bl-e'i.**  (“Acarus  of 
Itch.”)  The  itch  animalcule. 

A-cat'a-lep-sy.  [ Acatalep'sia ; 
from  a , priv.,  and  xaraXapHaro),  to  “ appre- 
hend.”] Uncertainty  in  diagnosis,  etc. 

A-cat-ap'o-sis.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
xaranLi/cj,  to  “ swallow.”]  Difficulty  in 
swallowing.  See  Dysphagia. 

A-cau'lis.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  can'lis, 
a “stem.”]  Having  no  stem  : acau'line. 

Ac-^el-e-ra'tiou.  Increased  rapidity 
of  the  pulse,  respiration,  etc. 

Ac-^el-e-rator,  o'r /«.*  [From  ac- 
cel'ero,  accelera'tum , to  “hasten/’]  Ap- 
plied to  a muscle  of  the  penis  (Accele- 
rator uri'nse)  whose  action  propels  the 
urine  ; also  named  Ejacula' tor  sent' inis, 
from  a similar  office  as  to  the  semen. 

Ac-^es'sfon.  [Acces'sio,  o 'nis; 
from  acce'do,  acces'sum,  to  “go  to,”  to 
“approach,”  to  “be  added  to.”]  The 
approach,  or  onset,  of  diseases,  or 
of  tits,  paroxysms  or  exacerbations  in 
fevers,  etc. 

Aecessorii  Willisii,*  ak-ses-so're-i 
wil-lis'e-i.  The  “accessory  nerves  of 
Willis,”  so  named  from  the  discoverer. 
The  superior  respiratory  nerves,  a pair 
arising  from  the  spinal  cord  and  joining 
the  par  vagum. 

Ac-^es'so-s*^.  [Accesso'rius;  from 
the  same.]  Usually  applied  to  muscular 
appendages  that  assist  the  action  of 
larger  muscles. 

Ac'si-destt.  [Ac'cadens:  from  ac'- 
cido , to  “happen.”]  A familiar  word 
used  by  the  French  as  synonymous  with 
symptom.  See  Accidentia. 

Ac-^a-den'tal.  [ Accidentatis ; from 
the  same.]  Adventitious;  happening 
unexpectedly.  Applied  by  French  and 
some  English  writers  to  textures  result- 
ing from  morbid  action. 

Accidental  Cot'ors.  A series  of 
optical  phenomena,  so  named  by  Buffon, 
and  now  known  by  the  name  of  Ocular 
13 


ACC 


ACE 


Spectra.  If  the  eye  be  steadily  directed 
for  some  time  to  a white  wafer  upon  a 
dark  ground,  and  be  then  turned  aside, 
a well-defined  image  of  the  wafer  will  be 
perceived,  with  the  colors  reversed:  the 
wafer  will  appear  dark,  the  ground 
white.  This  new  appearance  is  termed 
the  accidental  color,  or  ocular  spectrum. 
By  using  differently  colored  wafers  we 
obtain  the  following  results : — 


Color  of  wafer.  Color  of  spectra. 

Black ..White. 

Red Bluish-green. 

Orange  Blue. 

Yellow  Indigo. 

n f Violet  with  a 

Grcen 1 little  red. 

Blue Orange-red. 

Indigo Orange-yellow. 

Violet Bluish-green. 

Darwin  classes  the  Spectra  under  the 
two  heads  of  direct  and  reverse ; the 
former  depending  on  the  permanence  of 
the  impression,  the  latter  upon  exhaus- 
tion. 

Accidentia,-  ak-se-den'she-a.  [From 
ac'cido,  to  “happen,”  ac'cidens,  “hap- 
pening,” “that  which  happens.”]  A 
chance  or  occurrence  happening  to  one 
unexpectedly:  an  ac'cident. 

Ac-$ip'I-ter.*  [From  accip'io,  to 
“ take.”]  A bird  of  prey.  In  the  plural 
( Accipitres , ak-sip'e-trez)  applied  to  an 
order  of  birds,  including  the  hawk, 
eagle,  etc.,  called  also  Rapa'ces,  and 
Rapto'res,  from  their  rapacious  or  pre- 
datory character. 

Ac-cli'anat-ed.  [Accliana'tus.  Fr. 

acclimate , akvklovm&vt&'.]  Thoroughly 
accustomed  to  a climate. 

Ac-cli-ana-tl-za'tion.  [Aeclimati- 
za'tio,  o'mij.]  The  process  or  state  of 
being  acclimated. 


Ac-eli'vis.*  [From  ad,  “to,”  and 
cli'vuSf  the  “side  of  a hill.”]  “Sloping 
upwards.”  Applied  to  a muscle  of  the 
abdomen,  from  the  oblique  ascent  of  its 
fibres,  the  OblV quits  inter'nus. 

Accouchement  (Fr.),  ak'koosh'moN®'. 
[From  accoucher , ak'koo'shA',  to  “put  to 
bed,”  to  “deliver.”]  The  act  of  being 
delivered;  delivery. 

Accoucheur,  ak'koo'shuit'.  [From 
the  same.]  A man-midwife;  an  obstetri- 
cian. 

Ac-ere'tion.  [Accre'tio,  o'hm;  from 

ad,  “to,”  and  cretrco , ere' turn,  to  “grow.”] 
The  process  by  which  nutrient  particles 
are  added  to  the  various  tissues.  The 
adhering  together  of  parts  naturally 
separate,  as  the  fingers,  etc. 

14 


Aceplsala.  See  Acephalus. 

Acephalia,*  as-e-fa'le-a.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  KepaXri , the  “head.”]  A form  of 
foetal  monstrosity,  consisting  in  the  want 
of  the  head. 

Acephalobrachia,*  a-sef'a-lo-bra- 
ki'a.  [From  a,  priv.,  KF.paXfi,  the  “ head,” 
and  Paxtons,  the  “arm.”]  A form  of 
foetal  monstrosity,  consisting  in  the  ab- 
sence of  head  and  arms. 

A-$epliva-lo-bra-chi'us.*  [From  the 
same.]  A monster-foetus,  having  neither 
head  nor  arms. 

A-^epBs'a-lo-car'ctl-a.*  [From  a, 
priv.,  KepaXfi,  the  “head,”  and  Kapfca,  the 
“ heart.”]  A form  of  monstrosity,  con- 
sisting in  the  absence  of  head  and  heart. 

A-sepb'a-lo-car'<li-us.*  [From  the 
same.]  A monster-foetus,  without  head 
and  heart. 

Acepbalocbirus,*  or  Aceplialo- 
clieirus,*  a-sef'a-lo-ki'rus.  [From  a, 
priv.,  KepaXfi,  the  “head,”  and  x«p,  the 
“hand.”]  A monster-foetus,  without 
head  and  hands. 

Aceplaalocyst,*  a-sef ' a-lo-sist. 

[Aeepli'alocys'tis;  from  a,  priv.,  KFpaXri, 
the  “head,”  and  Kvang,  a “bladder.”] 
The  headless  hydatid,  formed  like  a 
bladder. 

A-$cpli'a-lo-gas'teiv*  [From  a, 

priv.,  KepaXri , the  “head,”  and  yaarrjp,  the 
“stomach”  or  “belly.”]  A monster- 
foetus,  without  head,  chest,  and  upper 
part  of  the  belly. 

A-^epBa'ado-gas'tri-a.*  [From  the 

same.]  A form  of  monstrosity,  consist- 
ing in  the  want  of  head,  chest,  and 
belly. 

A-^epBi'a-lo-po'di-a.*  [From  a,  priv., 

KcpaXri,  the  “head,”  and  vovg,  irodog,  the 
“ foot.”]  A form  of  monstrosity,  consist- 
ing in  the  absence  of  head  and  feet. 

A-£epBi'a-lop'o-«lus.;:  [From  the 
same.]  A monster-foetus,  without  head 
and  feet. 

Accphalorachia,-  a sef'a-l°-ra'- 
ke-a.  [From  a,  priv.,  scpaXi],  the  “head,” 
and  pdxis,  the  “spine.”]  A form  of  mon- 
strosity, consisting  in  the  want  of  head 
and  spinal  column. 

A-^epli'a-lo-ra'cBiI-us.*  [From  the 
same.]  A monster-foetus,  without  head 
and  spinal  column. 

Aceplialostonia.  See  Acepiialos- 

TOMUS. 

A-^cph'a-lo-sto'ml-a.*  [From  a, 

priv.,  KzpaXf),  the  “ head,”  and  <tt6 pa,  a 
“mouth.”]  A form  of  monstrosity,  con- 
sisting in  the  want  of  a head,  but  with 
an  aperture  like  a mouth. 


ACE 


ACE 


A-?epIi'a-los'to-injw,::  or  A-^pSi  - 

a-los'to-ina.i:  [From  the  same.]  A 
monster-foetus,  without  a head,  but 
having  an  aperture  like  a mouth. 

A-$eph'a-lo-tho-ra'ci-a.*  [From  a, 
priv.,  Kej>a\ij , the  “ head,”  and  Ou>(ja£,  the 
“chest.”]  A form  of  monstrosity, 
consisting  in  the  want  of  head  and 
chest. 

A-^epli'a-lo- tho ' rus.*  [From  the 
same.]  A monster-foetus,  without  head 
and  chest. 

A-ceph'a-lus.*  [From  a,  priv,  and 
K£(pa\fi,  the  “head.”]  Without  a head: 
aceph'alous.  In  the  neuter  plural 
(Aceph'ala)  applied  to  a class  of  Mol- 
lusca  having  no  appearance  of  a head. 

A'^er.*  The  maple. 

A^'era,*  the  plural  of  A'cer,  a “ma- 
ple-tree,”— forming  the  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  ACE- 
RACK  J3. 

A'^er  Sae-ctia-r  i'mim.*  The  sugar- 
maple-tree. 

Aceracese,*  as-e-ra'she-e,  or  A-^or- 
in'e-se.*  [From  a'cer , the  “maple-tree.”] 
A natural  order  of  plants  including  the 
maple. 

A^j'e-rato.  [Ace'ras,  a'</s.]  A com- 
bination of  aceric  acid  with  a salifiable 
base. 

A-cer'bi-ty.  [Acer'bitas,  a 'tin; 
from  ace/bus,  “crude,”  “harsh.”]  Sour- 
ness, with  harshness. 

A-c6r'ic.  [ Acer'icus ; from  a'cer , 
the  “maple-tree.”]  Pertaining  to  the  ! 
Acer.  Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from 
the  juices  of  A'cer  campes'tre,  and  A'cer 
pseu' do -plat’ an  us. 

Acerinese.  [From  the  same.]  See 
Aceraceal 

A$'er-dsp.  [Acero'sus;  from  a'eus, 
averts,  “chaff.”]  Chaffy;  like  chaff. 

A-ccr'vu-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  aver  - 
vu»,  a “heap.”]  The  collection  of  sand- 
like particles  found  in  the  pineal  gland: 
an  acer'vule. 

A-ees'^ent.  [Aces'eens?  fromuce#'- 
co,  to  “grow  sour.”]  Becoming  sour. 

A-ee'ta,*  the  plural  of  Ace'tum, 
“vinegar,”  applied  in  Pharmacy  to 
preparations  of  vinegar. 

A^-e-tab'u-’lum.*  [From  ace' tnm, 
“vinegar.”]  A little  cup  used  by  the  an- 
cients for  holding  vinegar.  Applied,  in 
Anatomy,  to  the  round  cavity  in  the  Os 
rimominatum  which  receives  the  head  of 
the  Os  femoris. 

A^'e-tal.  A compound  of  aldehyde 
with  ether  : formed  by  the  action  of  pla- 
tinum black  on  the  vapor  of  alcohol 


with  the  presence  of  oxygen.  It  is  a 
colorless,  very  fluid  liquid,  having  a 
peculiar  odor,  suggesting  that  of  Hun- 
gary wines. 

A^  e-ta'ri-uin,5  plural  A$-e-ta'ri-a* 

[From  ace'tmn,  “ vinegar.”]  A salad 
made  of  roots  or  herbs  mixed  with  oil, 
salt,  and  vinegar. 

Aceta'rium  Scor-tm'ti-cum.*  A 

kind  of  pickle  for  scorbutic  patients. 

A^'e-tate.  [Aee'tas,  a'/t«.]  A com- 
bination of  acetic  acid  with  a base. 

A-cet'ic.  [Acet'ieus;  from  ace'tmn, 
“vinegar.”]  Belonging  to  vinegar.  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  the  product  of  acetous 
fermentation. 

A-cet'I-ca.*  [From  the  same.]  Phar- 
maceutical preparations  of  vinegar. 

Acet'ic  A$'i<l.  [A^'iriimi  Aeet'i- 
cimi.]  The  sour  principle  which  exists 
in  vinegar.  It  occurs  ready-formed  in 
several  products  of  the  vegetable  king- 
dom; it  is  also  generated  during  the 
spontaneous  fermentation  of  many  vege- 
table and  animal  juices.  Two  kinds 
are  known  in  Pharmacy, — viz. : Ag'idnm 
acet'icum  dilu'tum,  “dilute  acetic  acid,” 
or  common  distilled  vinegar,  with  very 
minute  portions  of  uncombined  mucilage 
and  extractive.  At/idnm  acet'icum  for’- 
tius , “strong  acetic  acid.”  This  variety 
is  obtained  by  distillation  from  wood, 
generally  that  of  oak  coppice  deprived 
of  its  bark,  and  is  then  termed  pyrolig- 
neous acid;  also  by  decomposing  the 
acetates  by  sulphuric  acid ; it  is  then 
termed  radical  vinegar;  and  when  mixed 
with  camphor  and  essential  oils,  it  is 
called  “Henry's  Aromatic  Essence  of 
Vinegar,”  and  Marseilles  or  Thieves' 
Vinegar,  or  Vinaiyre  des  Quatre  Volcurs 
(v£'n5gn'  d&  kata  vo'Iur').  See  Gla- 
cial Acid. 

A-cet'i-fa-ca'taon.  [Acetifica'tao, 

o'nis;  from  ace'tmn,  and  fa'cio,  to 
“make.”]  The  act  or  process  of  making 
vinegar. 

A^'e-tlte.  [ Ace'tis,  t'tis  ; from  ace' - 
tum.\  An  erroneous  name  for  the  salt 
of  acetous  acid,  in  distinction  from  that 
of  acetic  acid,  given  when  these  acids  were 
supposed  to  be  different.  The  proper 
term  is  Acetate,  which  see. 

A^-e-toiii'e-ter.  [Acetom'etrum ; 
from  ace  turn,  and  fierpov,  a “measure.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
strength  of  vinegar. 

A^'e-tdne.  A substance  found,  as  an 
impurity,  associated  with  pyro-acetic 
spirit,  or  naphtha. 

A^-e-to'sa.*  [From  acco,  to  “be 
15 


ACE 


ACI 


aour.”]  The  specific  name  of  llumex 
acetosa. 

A-ce-to-sel'la.*  [From  aceto'sa.]  The 
former  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph. 
1836)  for  the  Oxalis  acetosella. 

A-ee'tmas.  [Acefco'sus;  from  ace - 
f«w.]  Pertaining  to  vinegar;  acetic. 

A-ce'tiiJii.*  [From  a'c-eo,  to  “be 
sour/’]  Acetic  or  acetous  acid  in  a very 
diluted  state;  common  vinegar.  The 
varieties  of  vinegar  known  in  commerce 
are  three: — Wine  vinegar,  Malt  vinegar, 
and  Sugar  vinegar.  The  strongest  malt 
vinegar  is  termed  proof  vinegar,  and  is 
called  by  the  manufacturer  No.  24;  it  is 
estimated  to  contain  4.73  per  cent,  of 
real  acetic  acid.  See  Acetic  Acid. 

A^'e-tyl.  A hypothetical  radical, 
produced  by  the  abstraction  of  two 
atoms  of  oxygen  from  ethyl,  by  oxi- 
dating processes.  It  pervades  a series 
of  compounds,  including  acetic  acid, 
from  which  it  derives  its  name. 

Aetiaenium,:^  a-ke'ne-um;  written 
also  Aclie'ioiiim.  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
XatVo),  to  “open.”]  An  in  dehiscent  fruit: 
it  is  one-celled  and  one-seeded,  dry,  and 
having  the  integuments  of  the  seed  dis- 
tinct from  it. 

Aclaeir,  a-klr',  or  Achcirus.  See 
Achirus. 

Achillea,*  ak-il-le'a.  A genus  of 
syngenesious  plants.  The  A.  ager'atum 
has  properties  similar  to  those  of  tansy. 
The  A.  millefo'lium,  common  yarrow  or 
milfoil,  is  sometimes  used  in  dyspepsia, 
flatulence,  etc. ; also  in  haemorrhage. 

A-chil'lis  Tefia'do.*  (The  “Tendon 
of  AchilTes.”)  The  strong  tendon  of  the 
gastrocne' mii,  or gastrocne' rnius  and* olse'us 
muscles.  Also  called  Chorda  Magna, 
or  the  “ great  sinew.” 

A eli irons,  a-kl'rus,  or  Acheirous. 
[Aelii'rus,  or  Achei'rus;  from  a.  priv., 
and  yctp,  the  “ hand.”]  Having  no  hands. 

Achlnniydeous,  ak-la-nnd'e-us. 
[AclilaBiiyd'eus:  from  a,  priv.,  and 
X^apvg,  a “ short  cloak.”]  Without  calyx 
or  corolla. 

Achne,*  ak'ne.  [Gr.  axw •]  A shred  of 
lint.  A flake  of  mucous-like  substance 
on  the  cornea. 

Acliolous,  ak'o-lus.  [Ach'olus; 

from  a,  priv.,  and  xoAj?,  “bile.”]  With- 
out bile  ; deficient  in  bile. 

A'elior,* plural  A-eEio'reS.  [Gr.  ax  'p, 
“scurf”  or  “dandruff*.”]  A small  pus- 
tule containing  a straw-colored  fluid, 
and  forming  scaly  eruptions  about  the 
head  of  young  children;  a species  of 
scald-head. 

16 


Achoristns,*  ak-o-ris'tus.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  x<opGw,  to  “separate.”]  A 
sign  or  symptom  which  is  inseparable 
from  (or  which  invariably  accompanies) 
a particular  state  of  health  or  disease. 

Aeh'ro-a.*  [From  u,  priv.,  and  xpoa, 
“color.”]  A colorless  state  of  the  skin, 
caused  by  the  absence  of  the  usual  color- 
ing matter  of  the  rete  mucosum.  Com- 
pare Dyschroa. 

Aehro-inat'k.  [Achromat'icus ; 

from  a,  priv.,  and  “color.”]  That 

which  does  not  admit  the  colors  of  the 
solar  spectrum.  Lenses  in  which  the 
prismatic  aberration  of  light  (caused  by 
refraction ) is  corrected,  are  termed  achro- 
matic. 

A-chre'ma-tisjn.  [Achromatis- 
iirns;  from  the  same.]  The  correction 
of  the  aberration  of  light  arising  from 
refraction. 

Ach-ro'nia-top'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv., 
Xpupa,  “color,”  and  o^ij,  “vision.”] 
Inability  to  distinguish  colors:  achro- 
matopsy. 

Achylosis,*  ak-e-lo'sis.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  xuAoj,  “juice,”  and  hence 
“chyle.”]  Deficient  ebylification. 

Aehymosis,*  ak-e-mo'sis.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  Xrp6s,  “chyme.”]  Deficient 
chymification. 

Acia,*  a'she-a.  [From  a'cus,  a “nee- 
dle.”] A word  used  by  Celsus,  sup- 
posed to  mean  the  thread  in  a needle 
with  which  a suture  is  made  to  join  the 
lips  of  a wound;  also,  the  suture  itself. 

A-cic'ti-la,*  plural,  A-cie'u-he.  [Di- 
minutive of  a'cus,  a “needle.”]  A little 
needle:  an  a^icule.  See  Spicula. 

A-eicTi-lar.  [Acicula'ris;  from  ac/c'- 
ula.~\  Like  a small  needle;  spicular. 

A-cic'u-la-ted.  [Acicula't  ns.] 

Having  aciculsp. 

A^'id.  [A^'idus,  A^'idiini;  from 
a' ceo,  to  “be  sour.”]  Sour;  sharp  to  the 
taste,  like  vinegar.  As  a noun  it  signi- 
fies a compound  substance  which  unites 
in  definite  proportions  with  alkaline 
bases,  and  has  the  property  of  turning 
vegetable  blues  to  red. 

A^'ida,* the  pluralof  Acidum,  an  acid. 

A^'i-dif'cr-ous.  [ Acidif'erus ; 

from  afiduni,  an  “acid,”  and  ft/ ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  containing  acid. 

A-cid'I-fi'a-ble.  [Acidifiab'ilis; 
from  a (/id  us,  “sour,”  and  fi'o,  to  “be- 
come.”] Capable  of  becoming  acid. 

A-cidl-fi-ea'lion.  [Acidilica'tio, 
©'«/«.]  The  act  or  process  of  forming, 
| or  impregnating  with,  acid.  See  next 
I article. 


ACI 


ACO 


A-cid'I-fy.  [From  afidus,  “soar,” 
and  fa' cio,  to  “make.”]  To  make  sour 
or  acid;  to  convert  into  an  acid. 

A-cid'i-fy-iaig.  [Acidif  icus;  from 
afidus,  and  fa!  cio,  to  “make.”]  Making 
acid;  converting  into  an  acid. 

Acidifying’  Prm'ci-ple.  That 
which  forms  an  acid. 

As-id-im'e-ter.  [Acidim'etriim : 
from  afiduni,  an  “acid,”  and  ixerpoi /,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  strength  of  acids  or  the 
amount  of  free  acid.  Sec  next  ar- 
ticle. 

A£-id-im'e-tr$r.  [Acidime'tria ; 

from  ay'idum,  “acid,”  and  perpeto,  to 
“measure.”]  The  process  by  which  the 
strength  of  acids  is  measured,  or  by 
which  the  amount  of  uncombined  or  free 
acid  is  determined. 

A-cid'i-ty.  [Acid'itas,  a'tis;  from 
afidus,  “sour.”]  The  quality  of  sour- 
ness. See  Aeon. 

Acidoineter.  See  Acidimeter. 

A-cid'u-la-ted.  [Acidula'tus;  from 
acid' ulus,  “slightly  acid.”]  Slightly 
blended  with  acid. 

A-cid'u-lous.  [Acid' wins;  from 
the  same.]  Slightly  acid ; subacid. 

A^'i-dum,* plural  A$'i-da.  [The  neu- 
ter form  of  afidus,  “sour.”]  An  Acid, 
which  see. 

Acies,*  a'she-ez  or  a'se-ez.  [From  aKfj, 
a “sharp  point.”]  A name  for  iron  or 
steel. 

A^-i-nas'i-fomt.  [Acinacifor'mis ; 

from  acin'aces,  a “scimitar.”]  In  the 
form  of  a scimitar. 

A^-I-ne'si-a,*  or  Alt-i-ne'sf-a.* 

[From  a,  priv.,  and  Kivrjvis,  “motion.”] 
Loss  of  motion  in  the  whole  or  part  of 
the  body. 

A^T-ni.*  The  plural  of  Acinus,  which 
see. 

A-em'I-form.  [Acmifor'mis ; from 
a firms,  a “grape”  or  “grape-stone.”] 
Having  the  appearance  of  a grape  or 
grape-stone.  See  Acinus. 

A$'i-n©se,  or  A^i-nous.  [Acino'- 
sus;  from  the  same.]  Having  acini, 
or  full  of  acini. 

A^'i-nus,*  or  As'i-nos.*  [Gr.  axivog, 
the  “stone  of  grapes;”  a “grape.”]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  ( afini ) to  the  small 
granulations  composing  the  substance 
of  the  liver  and  other  glandular  bodies. 
Also  a term  used  in  Botany  to  denote 
the  small  berries  which  form  the  fruit  of 
the  bramble,  rasp,  etc.  Also  a species 
of  thyme. 

As-I-peai'ser.*  The  sturgeon,  a 


genus  of  fishes  from  which  isinglass  is 
prepared.  See  Iciithyocolla. 

Acme,®  [Gr.  a*/xi7,  the  “point,” 
“top,”  “period  of  greatest  vigor.”]  The 
highest  degree,  or  height,  of  a disease; 
the  crisis. 

Ac'ne.*  [Supposed  to  be  derived  from 
ac'me,  because  it  is  apt  to  affect  those 
who  are  in  the  bloom  of  life.]  A papu- 
lar eruption,  mostly  occurring  on  the 
face,  but  sometimes  extending  to  the 
neck,  shoulders,  or  breast. 

Ac'ne  Rosa'cea*(ro-za'she-a).  Pim- 
ples on  the  face;  the  conspicuous  erup- 
tion, of  a bright  rosy  hue,  on  the  nose 
and  contiguous  parts  of  the  face,  in 
drunkards.  Called  also  Gut'ta  Ro  sea,  or 
Rosy-drop. 

Accelius,*  a-se'le-us,  or  Acoe'lios.* 
[From  a,  priv.,  and  KoiXia,  the  “belly.”] 
Having  no  belly ; wasted  to  such  a degree 
as  to  have  this  appearance. 

A-col'o-£y«  [Aeolo'gia;  from  (Uog, 
a “remedy,”  and  Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  or  science  of  remedies.  By 
some  the  term  is  limited  to  the  considera- 
tion of  surgical  and  mechanical  remedies. 

A-con'dy-lous.  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
Kovd  iXos,  a “joint.”]  Without  joints. 

Ac'o-nite.  The  common  name  for 
Acoxitum  Napellus. 

Aconitia,-  ak-o-nish'e-a,  or  A-con'I- 
tin.  [Aconiti'na ; from  aconi'tum.] 
An  alkaloid  constituting  the  active  princi- 
ple of  aconite.  It  is  a powerful  poison. 

Ac-o-nit'ic  A$'id.  An  acid  obtained 
from  aconite. 

Ac-o-ni'ti  Fo'li-um.*  (“Leaf  of 
Aconite.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  Aconi'tum 
impel'  Ins. 

Aconi'ti  Ra  dix.-  (“Root  of  Aco- 
nite.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for 
the  root  of  Aconitum  napellus. 

Ae-o-ni'tiim.*  [From  A c’onse,  a place 
in  Bithynia  where  it  was  common.]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the 
leaves  and  tops  of  Aconitum  napellus. 

Aconi'tum  Ma-pel'lus.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  aconite. 

A 'cor,  o'r  is.*  [From  a'ceo,  to  “be 
sour.”]  Acidity,  as  in  the  stomach  from 
indigestion. 

A-co'ri-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  Kopcco, 
to  “satisfy.”]  Insatiable  hunger. 

A-cor'mous.  [Acor'mus:  from  a, 
priv.,  and  Koppog , the  “trunk  of  a tree.”] 
Having  no  stem. 

Ac'o-rus,*  Ac'o-rnm.*  [Gr.  aKopov .] 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph. 
1836)  for  Acorus  calamus.  A Linnaean 
A7 


ACO 


ACR 


genus  of  the  class  Hexandria,  order 
Monogynia , Jussieuan  system  Aroidese. 

Acorus  A-sI-at/i-cus,  Acorus  Ye'- 
rus.*  Other  names  for  Acorus  calamus. 

Ac'orus  Cal'a-mus.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  common  sweet  flag.  See 
preceding  article. 

Acotyledon,*  a-kot-i-le'don.  [From 
a,  priv.,  and  koto\it]6jjv,  6vo$,  a “seed-lobe.”] 
A plant  having  no  seed-lobe:  without  a 
cotyledon.  In  the  plural,  applied  to  a 
division  of  the  Jussieuan  system.  See 
next  article. 

Acotyledones,*  a-kot-i-le'do-nez. 
[From  the  same.]  Acotyledonous  plants; 
plants  whose  seeds  have  no  distinct  co- 
tyledons. The  term  is  usually  applied 
to  what  are  more  commonly  named 
cryptogamic  plants,  such  as  ferns,  mosses, 
lichens,  etc.,  in  which  there  are  no  seeds, 
properly  so  called,  but  which  are  propa- 
gated by  undivided  spherical  bodies 
called  spores. 

A-cot-y-led'o-nous.  [Acotyledo'- 
neus,  Acotyle'donus ; from  the  same.] 
Having  no  cotyledon  or  seed-lobe.  See 
Cotyledon. 

Acoumeter,  a-koo'me-ter  or  a-kow'- 
me-ter.  [AcouWtrum;  from  <kot5o>, 
to  “hear,”  and  (xerpov,  a “measure.”]  An 
instrument  for  estimating  the  extent  of 
hearing. 

Acouophonia,*  a-koo-o-fo'ne-a. 
[From  dKovoj,  to  “hear,”  and  a 

“voice”  or  “sound.”]  A mode  of  aus- 
cultation in  which  the  observer  places 
his  ear  on  the  chest  and  analyzes  the 
sound  produced  by  percussion. 

A-cous'ma,  at  is.*  [From  dKov co,  to 
“hear.”]  A species  of  depraved  hear- 
ing, in  which  sounds  are  imagined  as  if 
really  heard. 

Acoustic,  a-koos'tik  or  a-kow'stik. 
[Acous'ticus;  from  <ko -ora?,  a “hearer.”] 
Pertaining  to  sound,  or  the  sense  of  hear- 
ing. Anciently  applied  to  remedies  (called 
acoustica  medicament  a)  for  deafness. 

Acoustic  I>uct.  See  Meatus  Au- 
ditories. 

Acous'tic  Nerve.  The  auditory  nerve, 
or  Portio  mollis  of  the  seventh  pair. 

A-cous'tics.  [Acoustica;  from 
aKovu),  to  “hear.”]  The  doctrine  of  the 
theory  and  principles  of  sound:  the  sci- 
ence of  sound. 

Ac-quis'i-tlve-ness.  According  to 
Phrenology,  that  faculty  or  propensity 
which  impels  to  the  acquisition  of  pro- 
perty. 

Acraepalus,*  a-krep'a-lus,  or  A- 
crcep'a-los.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  xpai- 
18 


rrdX/j,  “drunken  or  gluttonous  excess.”] 
Correcting  the  effects  of  excess  in  eating 
or  drinking. 

A-cra'ui-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
Kpaviov,  the  “cranium.”]  A species  of 
defective  development  consisting  in  par- 
tial or  total  absence  of  the  cranium. 

Acraitia,  " a-kra  te-a.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  Kpdros,  “ strength.”]  Weakness,  irn- 
potency. 

Ac'rid.  [From  a' cer, or  a'cris,  “sharp.”] 
A term  applied  to  substances  producing 
a disagreeable  sense  of  irritation  or  burn- 
ing on  the  tongue  or  in  the  fauces. 

Ac'rl-mo-ny.  [Acriino'nia:  from 
a'cris , “ sharp,”  “ acrid.”]  A sharp,  acrid, 
corrosive  quality,  biting  to  the  tongue. 

Ac'rimony  of  the  Hu  mors.  A 
change  supposed  to  take  place  in  the 
fluids  of  the  body,  causing  disease. 

A-crin'I-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  Kpirw, 
to  “discern,”  to  “secrete.”]  A diminu- 
tion or  total  suppression  of  the  secretions. 

A-cri'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  Kplotg, 
a “judgment.”]  A state  of  disease  in 
which  there  is  either  no  crisis,  or  in  which 
no  judgment  or  opinion  can  be  foimed. 

Ac'ri-ta.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  Kpii w, 
to  “discern,”  to  “perceive,”  to  “judge.”] 
A subdivision  of  the  Radiata  of  Cuvier, 
including  animals  which  have  no  trace 
of  any  organs  of  perception  or  of  any 
nervous  system.  It  comprehends  Potypi, 
Infusoria,  and  other  animals  of  the  very 
lowest  type. 

A-crit'i-cal.  [Ac'ritus;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  Kpirdg,  “judged,”  from  Kp'uw,  to 
“judge.”]  Having  no  regular  crisis. 

Ac-ro-bys'tl-a.*  [From  dspor,  “ex- 
tremity,” and  6v(o,  to  “cover.”]  The  pre- 
puce. 

Ac'ro-dont.  [Ac'rodon;  from 
aicpov,  “extremity”  or  “summit,”  and 
o6ovgy  dSovr-og,  a “tooth.”]  Applied  by 
Owen  to  scaly  Saurri  having  teeth  an- 
kylosed  to  the  summit  of  the  alveolai 
ridge. 

Ac-ro-dyn'I-a.*  [From  ax(>ov,  “ex- 
tremity,” and  ddvvrj,  “pain.”]  Acute 
rheumatism  of  the  extremities,  head, 
hands,  or  feet. 

Ac'ro-gfen.  An  acrogenous  plant. 
See  next  article. 

A-croAr'e-nous.  [Acrog'enus;  from 
aKpov , “summit,”  and  ymo, to  “be  born.”] 
Growing  from  their  tops.  The  Latin 
term  in  the  plural  feminine  ( Acrogense , 
a-kroj'e-ne)  is  applied  to  plants  which 
grow  from  their  external  points,  and 
whose  increase  is  in  length  mainly. 

Ac-ro-ma'nl-a.*  [From  dxpog,  “ex* 


ACR 


ACU 


freme,”  and  p avia,  “madness.”]  Con- 
firmed or  incurable  madness. 

A-cro'ml-al.  [Acromia'lis,]  Per- 
taining to  the  acromion. 

A-cro'mi-on.**  [From  axpoi/,  “ex- 
tremity” or  “summit,”  and  cypoq,  the 
“shoulder.”]  The  projecting  process  of 
the  Scapula. 

Ac-rom-plia'll-on,*  Acrom'pha- 
Ion.;:  Ac-roin-plia'll-uin,*  Acrom- 
plialuni.  [From  «*/*>//,  “summit”  or 
“point,”  and  dptbaXog,  the  “navel.”]  The 
centre  of  the  navel,  to  which  the  cord  is 
attached  in  the  foetus. 

Acron'ycal.  See  Acronyctous. 

Ac-rou-yc'tous.  [Acronyc'tus; 
from  aKpou , “extremity,”  and  vv £,  vvKroq, 
“night.”]  Applied  to  stars  appearing 
at  sunset  and  disappearing  at  sunrise 
(sunset  and  sunrise  being  the  two  “ex- 
tremities of  the  night”) ; in  other  words, 
to  stars  or  planets  when  opposite  the 
sun. 

Ac'ro-spire.  [Acrospi'ra;  from 
axpov,  “extremity,”  “end,”  and  aTrcipa, 
any  thing  wound  round  another.]  A 
sprout  or  plumule  from  the  end  of  seeds 
when  germinating. 

A-crot/ic.  [Acrot'icus;  from  axpoq, 
“extreme,”  “outermost  part.”]  Belong- 
ing to  the  external  surface.  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  (Acrotf tea)  to  an  order 
of  the  class  Eccritica , in  Good’s  classifi- 
cation. 

Ac'ro-tism.  [ Acrotis'mus ; from  a, 
priv.,  and  Kporoq,  the  “pulse.”]  A defect 
of  the  pulse. 

Ac-tiu-i-for'mis.*  [From  d/m i\  or 
a/mj,  a “ray.”]  Exhibiting  the  form 
or  appearance  of  rays.  The  same  as 
Actinoides. 

Ac’ tin-ism.  [Actinis'mus;  from 
d/cr 4//.]  That  branch  of  Natural  Philoso- 
phy which  treats  of  the  radiation  of 
heat  or  light  (Mayne) ; but  more  usually 
the  chemical  power  of  the  sun’s  rays  as 
distinguished  from  light  or  heat. 

Ac-tin-o-car'pous.  [Actinocar'- 
pus;  from  <xktlv,  a “ray,”  and  Kapnoq, 
“fruit.”]  Having  trophosperms  radiated 
like  the  rays  of  fruit. 

Ac-tiu-o^'er-ate,  Ac-tiu-o$'er-ous. 
[ Actinocera'tus,  Actiiio$'erus ; from 
d/mV,  and  tekpaq,  a “horn.”]  Having  parts 
like  radiated  horns. 

Ac-tiu-o'des.  The  same  as  Actinoid. 

Ac'tin-oicl.  [ Actinoi'des ; from 
olktiv,  a “ray,”  and  eiSoq,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling rays,  or  a ray. 

Ac-tin'o-lite.  [ Actinol'ithus ; from 
dtcrtVy  a “ray,”  and  Xidoq,  a “stone.”]  A 


species  of  mineral  composed  of  radiated 
crystals. 

Ac-tin-oiu'e-ter.  [Actinom'e- 
trum;  from  d/cnV,  a “ray,”  and  pzrpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  indi- 
cating the  strength  of  the  sun’s  rays. 

Ac-tin-o-zo'um,**  or  Ac-tin-o-z©'- 
on;i;  (plural  Actinozo'a).  [From  olktlv, 
and  $ak/i/,  an  “animal.”]  The  name  of 
certain  Acephala  Gastrica  having  ap- 
pendages, and  often  the  arex  of  the  sur- 
face, radiated. 

Ac'tiou.  [Ac'tio,  o'/us;  from  a' go, 
ac'tum,  to  “do,”  to  “act.”]  The  exer- 
cise of  an  active  power;  a faculty  or 
function  of  the  body. 

Ac'tivc.  [Acti'vus;  from  the  same.] 
Acting  with  energy.  Applied  to  treat- 
ment of  the  sick,  to  certain  medicines, 
and  to  surgical  remedies. 

Ac'tu-al  €au'tc-rjr.  [From  kcl'i co,  to 
“burn;”  or  Kavrripiov,  a “red-hot  iron,”  a 
“branding-iron.”]  A red-hot  iron,  or 
fire,  used  by  surgeons  as  a cautery,  be- 
cause it  really  burns  away  the  part  or 
surface  to  which  it  is  applied,  in  contra- 
distinction to  caustic  substances,  termed 
potential  cauteries,  which  produce  a 
similar  result  without  actual  burning. 
Also  called  Ignis  actualis , “actual  fire.” 
See  Cautery. 

A-cu'le-ate.  [Aculea'tus;  from 
acu'leus , a “prickle.”]  Having  prickles. 

A-cu'le-us.*  [From  a'cus,  a “needle.”] 
A prickle  arising  from  the  bark  or  epi- 
dermis of  any  part  of  a plant,  and 
which  may  be  peeled  off  with  the  bark. 

A-cu'im-nate.  [ Acumiua'tus ; 

from  acu' men,  acu’  minis,  a “point,” 
“sharpness.”]  Pointed;  tapering  to  a 
point. 

Ac-u-pres'sion.  [Acupres'sio ; from 

a'cus,  a “needle,”  and  pre’ mo,  pres' sum, 
to  “press.”]  Hr.  J.  Y.  Simpson’s  plan  of 
securing  against  haemorrhage  in  wounds 
or  operations,  by  inserting  a needle 
through  the  skin  below  the  divided  ves- 
sel, and  returning  its  point  to  the  cuta- 
neous surface  again,  the  ends  being  left 
out  to  a sufficient  extent. 

Ac-u-punc'ture.  [Acnpnnctn’ra; 
from  a'cus,  a “needle,” &nd  pun' go,  ptinc'- 
turn,  to  “prick.”]  A small  puncture 
made  with  a needle. 

A'cus  Can-uu-la'ta.*  A trocha  r : a 
cannulated  needle  used  in  surgery. 

A cus  In-ter-punc-to'ri-a.*  A 
couching-needle,  used  in  operating  on 
the  eye. 

A'cus  Opfi-tlial'mi-ca.*  A couching 
or  ophthalmic  needle. 


19 


ACU 


ADE 


A'cus  Tri-que'tra.*  A trochar:  a 
three-cornered  needle. 

Ac-ut-an'g,u-lar,  or  Ac-ut-an'gu- 
late.  [Acutangulii^is,  Acutangu- 
latus*.  from  acu'tus,  "sharp,”  and 
an'gulus,  a "corner/"]  Having  sharp 
angles. 

A-cute'.  [Acu'tus;  from  ac'uo,  acu'- 
tum,  to  "sharpen/"  to  "point."’]  Ending 
in  a point.  Applied  also  to  diseases 
having  violent  symptoms  attended  with 
danger,  and  terminating  within  a few 
days. 

Ac-u-te-nac'u-lum.*  [From  a'cus,  a 
‘"needle/"  and  tenac'ulum,  a "handle."’] 
A handle  for  a needle.  Also  called  Porte- 
aiguille. 

A-cy'a-no-blep'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv., 

tcvavos,  "blue,”  and  /3\cnw,  to  "look,”  to 
"see.”]  Defect  of  vision  by  which  blue 
color  cannot  be  distinguished. 

Acyesis,*  as-i-e'sis.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  Kvrjcus,  "pregnancy.”]  Sterility  in 
women. 

Ad.  A Latin  preposition  signifying 
"to,”  "at,”  "by,”  "towards,”  "near,” 
"with,”  etc.  In  compound  words  the 
d is  usually  changed  to  correspond  with 
the  following  letter.  Thus,  ad  becomes 
ac  before  c,  al  before  l,  ap  before  p,  etc. 

Ad.  or  Add.  = Ad'de,  adda'tur ,*  etc. 
"Add,”  or  "let  there  be  added.” 

Ad  Def.  Auimi  ==  Ad  defectionem 
animi * (ad  de-fek-she-o'nem  an'e-mi). 
"To  fainting.” 

Ad  Deliquium*  (de-lik'we-um),  or 
Ad  Deliq'uium  An  imi/  " To  faint- 
ing.” Used  in  directions  for  venesection. 

Ad  2 Vic.  = Ad  du'as  vi'ces .*  "At 
two  times,”  or  "at  twice  taking.” 

Ad  Lib.  = Ad  libi'tum .*  "At  plea- 
sure.” 

A-dac'ry-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
duKpvov,  a "tear.”]  A deficiency  of  the 
iachrymal  secretion. 

Adaemonia,*  a-de-mo'ne-a.  [From 
a,  priv.,  and  daipoj v,  "fortune.”]  Restless 
or  unhappy  thoughts;  anxiety. 

Ad'a-vnant.  [Ad'amas,  Adaman'- 
tis;  from  a,  neg.,  and  dapdoj,  to  "subdue/"] 
Literally,  "that  which  [on  account  of  its 
hardness]  cannot  be  subdued.’"  Diamond, 
the  hardest  of  all  substances. 

Adamantine.  [ Adamant  inns  ; 
from  the  preceding.]  Having  the  hard- 
ness or  lustre  of  adamant. 

Adam's  Apple.  See  Pomum  Ada  mi. 

Ad-ap'ter.  A tube  used  in  Chemistry 
for  increasing  the  length  of  the  neck  of 
a retort,  or  for  connecting  the  retort  ! 
with  the  receiver,  where  the  orifice  of 
20 


the  latter  is  not  large  enough  to  admit 
the  beak  of  the  retort. 

Ad-de-pha'gl-a.*  [From  dbrfv,  or 
aodrjv,  "abundantly,”  and  (pays Xv,  to  "eat.”] 
Voracious  appetite,  or  Bulimia. 

Ad'di-son’s  Dis-ease'.  The  Melasma 
supra-renale,  first  described  by  him. 

Ad-di-ta-men'tum.*  [From  ad’ do, 
ad'ditum,  to  "add”  or  "adjoin.”]  A 
small  suture  sometimes  found  added  to 
the  lambdoid  and  squamous  sutures. 

Ad-du'cens.;;:  [From  ad,  "to,”  and 
du'eo,  to  "lead,”  to  "draw.”]  Drawing 
together:  addu'cent. 

Ad-duc'tion.  [Adduc'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  That  movement  by 
which  one  part,  as  a limb  or  finger,  is 
drawn  to  another,  or  to  the  mesial  line. 

Ad-duc'tor,  o'ris*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  muscles  that  perform  adduc- 
tion. See  Antithenar. 

A 'den,*  gen.  Ad'enis.  [Gr.  abriv,  a 
"gland.”]  A gland.  A bubo. 

Ad-en-al'gi-a.*  [From  aertv,  a 
"gland,”  and  aXyog,  "pain.”]  Pain  in  a 
gland:  adenal'gy. 

Ad  en-em-phrax'is/  [From  adr/v,  a 
"gland,”  and  epKppa^ig,  "obstruction.”] 
Glandular  obstruction. 

Ad-en'I-form.  [Aden  i formes : 
from  a' den,  a "gland.”]  Formed  like  a 
gland;  glandiform.  See  Adenoid. 

Ad  -en-i'tis,  i dis.*  [From  dbnv,  a 
"gland.”]  Inflammation  of  a gland; 
bubo. 

Ad'en-o-dyn'i-a.*  [From  dbnr,  abtvog, 
a "gland,”  and  odvrri,  "pain.”]  Pain  in  a 
gland.  See  Adenalgia. 

Ad-en-ogr'ra-pliy.  [Adenograph'- 
ia;  from  abriv,  a "gland,”  and  ypatiio,  to 
"write.”]  A treatise  or  dissertation  on 
the  glandular  system. 

Ad'en-oid.  [Adenoi'des;  from  derjv, 
a "gland,”  and  eibog,  a "form.”]  Resem- 
bling a gland. 

Ad-en-ol'©-£y.  [Atlenolo'^ia;  from 

abrji/,  a "gland,”  and  \6yog,  a "discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  of  the  glandular  system. 
The  science  which  treats  of  glands  or 
of  the  glandular  system. 

Ad'en-o-me-n in'&e-tis.*  [From  d6fiv, 
a "gland,”  and  fdfviy^,  a "membrane.”] 
Applied  to  mucous  or  pituitous  fever 
( Febris  adenomeningea ),  because  the 
membranes  and  follicular  glands  of  the 
intestines  were  held  to  be  the  chief  seat 
of  the  complaint. 

Aden-on-co'sis,*  or  Ad>n-©ii-k©'- 

sis.*  [From  dbr/v,  a " gland,”  and  dyicd ro, 
to  "puff  up”  or  "swell.”]  Swelling  of  a 
gland. 


ADE 


ADN 


Ad'en-o-ner'vous.  The  same  as 
Adenoneurosus,  which  see. 

Ad  eai-o-neii-ro'sus.*  [From  ddnv, 
a “ gland/’  and  vzvpov,  a “ nerve.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  plague  ( Febris  adenoneu- 
rosa),  because  situated  in  the  nerves 
and  lymphatic  glands  of  the  axilla  and 
groin  : adenonerv'ous. 

Ad  en  o-phar-yn-gi  tis,  id  is.* 

[From  dtifit/,  a “gland,”  and  0«puy£,  the 
“ pharynx.”]  Inflammation  of  the  ton- 
sils and  pharynx. 

Adeii-oph-tJial'ma-a.*  [From  aSrjv, 
a “gland,”  and  opiaXpog,  the  “eye.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  Meibomian  glands: 
adenophthal'my. 

Adeii-o-phy'ma.*  [From  aSijv,  a 
“gland,”  and  (pv/xa , a “tumor.”]  The 
swelling  of  a gland.  When  it  occurs  in 
the  liver  it  is  called  hepatophyma. 

Ad'en-o-scle-ro'sis.*  [From  d5ni>, 
a “gland,”  and  oxA^poco,  to  “harden.”] 
A hard,  indolent  swelling  of  a gland, 
not  of  a scirrhous  character. 

Ad'en-ose.  [Adeno'sws;  from  a den, 
a “gland.”]  Having  many  glands; 
glandulous. 

Ad-eai-ot'o-my.  [ Adenoto'mia ; 

from  a6r\v,  dderog,  a “ gland,”  and  rifx i/w, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  glands. 

Adeplia^ia.  See  Addephagia. 

A'deps,  gen.  Ad'i-pis.*  A Latin  term, 
signifying  fat,  animal  oil. 

A'deps  An-ser-i'ims.*  Goose-grease. 

A'deps  O-vil'lus.*  Fat  of  the  sheep  ; 
mutton-suet. 

A'deps  Prse-pa-ra'tus.*  Prepared 
lard. 

A'deps  Su-il'lus.*  Hog’s  lard  ; Ax- 
ungia  porcino,.  The  same  as  Lardum. 

Ad-he'sion.  [Adliee'sio,  o'nis; 
from  ad,  “to,”  and  hse'reo,  hse'sum , to 
“ stick.”]  That  property  by  which  cer- 
tain bodies  attract  others,  or  their  par- 
ticles adhere  to  each  other.  One  of  the 
terminations  of  inflammation. 

Ad-he'sive.  [Adhsesi'vus ; from 
the  same.]  Having  the  property  of  ad- 
hesion. See  Glutinous,  Viscous. 

Adlie'sive  In-fiam-ma'tion.  [In- 
flamma'tio  adlaaesi'va.]  The  process 
by  which  the  sides  of  incised  wounds, 
being  brought  into  exact  contact,  unite 
without  suppuration,  constituting  union 
by  the  first  intention. 

Ad-lie'sive  Pias'ter.  [Emplas'- 
trum  Adfiisesi'vum.]  Common  name 
for  the  Emplastrum  Resina;,  which  see. 

Ad-i-an ' turn.*  [Gr.  ddlavrov ; from  a, 
priv.,  and  diaivco,  to  “moisten  ;”  so  named 
because  less  juicy  than  many  other 
3 


ferns,  or  because  the  leaves  are  not 
easily  moistened.]  A genus  of  ferns 
called  maiden-hair,  from  which  a syrup 
termed  capillaire  is  prepared.  See  Ca- 

PILLAIRE. 

A-di'a-pBio-re'sis.**  [From  a,  priv., 
and  dia'Popeu),  to  “ perspire.”]  Deficient 
cutaneous  perspiration.  See  Adiap- 
neustia. 

A-di-apli'o-rus.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
Siapepu),  to  “ differ.”]  Formerly  applied 
to  medicines  which  did  neither  good  nor 
harm ; also  to  neutral  salts : adiaph'o- 
rous. 

A-di'ap-neus'ti-a.*  [From  a,  priv., 
and  dtanreio,  to  “ breathe  through,”  to 
“evaporate.”]  The  absence,  obstruction, 
or  diminution  of  perspiration. 

Adipocere,  or  Adipocire,  ad'e-po- 
ser'.  [Adipoce'ra;  from  a'deps,  ad'ipis, 
“fat,”  and  ce'ra,  “wax.”]  A peculiar 
substance  like  fat,  or  spermaceti,  formed 
by  the  spontaneous  conversion  of  the 
flesh  of  man  or  other  animals  when 
placed  for  a considerable  period  in  moist 
situations  or  under  water;  also  called 
Grave-wax. 

Ad'I-pose.  [Adipo'sus;  from  a'deps, 
ad'ipis , “fat.”]  Of  the  nature  of  fat; 
fatty. 

Ad'ipose  Ar'te-ries.  The  branches 
of  the  diaphragmatic,  capsular,  and 
renal  arteries,  because  they  supply  the 
fat  round  the  kidneys. 

Ad'ipose  Membrane,  Adipose 
Tis'sue.  Cellular  membrane  with  fat 
collected  in  its  cells. 

Ad-I-po'sis.*  [From  a'deps.')  The 
growth  of  fatness  or  obesity. 

A-dip'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  Sixpa, 
“thirst.”]  Absence  of  thirst;  a genus 
of  the  order  Dysorexise,  class  Locales, 
of  Cullen’s  nosology. 

A-dip'sous.  [Adip'sus, or  Adip'sos; 
from  the  same.]  Allaying  thirst.  Ap- 
plied to  medicines  and  fruits  which  so  act. 

Ad'jjec-tive.  [Adjecti' vus  ; from 
adjitfio,  adjectum,  to  “add  to.”]  Ap- 
plied to  coloring  matters  which  require 
to  be  fixed  through  the  addition  of  an- 
other substance  termed  a mordant. 

Ad'jsi-vant.  [Ad  Ju  vans;  from 
ad'juvo , to  “ assist.”]  Assisting  other  re- 
medies. 

Ad-mix 'tii re.  [Acimistu'ra;  from 
ad,  “to”  or  “with,”  and  mis'  ceo,  mis' turn 
or  mix' turn,  to  “mix.”]  A mixing  or 
blending  one  substance  with  another. 

Admov.  = Admo've “apply,”  or 
Admovea'tur y*  “let  there  be  applied.” 

Adaiata.  See  Tunica  Adnata. 

21 


ADN 


Ad'nate.  [Adna'tns;  from  ad,  “to,” 
and  nas'  cor,  na'tus,  to  “ be  born/’  to 
“grow.”]  Connected  or  grown  together. 

Ad-o-les'cence.  T Adolescesitia, 

ad-o-les-sen'she-a ; from  adoles'co,  to 
“grow,”  to  “grow  up  to  maturity.”] 
Youth;  the  period  between  puberty  and 
full  development : from  fourteen  or  fifteen 
to  about  twenty-five  in  males,  and  from 
twelve  or  thirteen  to  twenty-one  in 
females. 

Ad-op7 ter.  The  same  as  Adapter. 

Ad-os-cu-la'tion.  [Adoscnla'tio, 

o'nis;  from  ad,  “to”  or  “towards,”  and 
osculor,  oscula'tu8,  to  “ kiss.”]  The  im- 
pregnation of  plants  by  the  pollen  coming 
in  contact  with  the  pistils;  the  joining  or 
inserting  one  part  of  the  plant  into  an- 
other. Also  the  external  contact  of  the 
genital  organs  of  the  opposite  sexes  in 
birds  and  fishes  during  impregnation, 
instead  of  the  insertion  of  that  of  the 
male. 

Ad  Pon'dus  Om'ni-nm.^  “ To  the 

weight  of  the  whole.”  Used  in  prescrip- 
tions to  indicate  the  proportion  of  some 
particular  ingredient. 

Adragt.  nthin.  Set  Tragacanthin. 

Adst.  IFe'bre  = Adstan'te  fe'bre.% 
“Fever  being  present,”  or  when  the 
fever  is  on. 

Ad'ult.  [Adnl'tns;  from  ado'leo, 
adul'tum,  to  “grow  up.”]  Applied  to 
animals  arrived  at  maturity ; also  some- 
times applied  to  plants.  See  JEtas. 

Ad-ul-te-ra'tion.  [Adultera'tio, 
o'nis;  from  adul'iero,  a duller  a' turn,  to 
“ adulterate,”  to  “ counterfeit.”]  The  cor- 
rupting of  pure  ingredients  with  others 
resembling  them,  but  of  inferior  value. 

A-dus'tion.  [Adas' tio,  o'nis ; from 
adu'ro,  adus'tum,  to  “burn,”  to  “scorch.”] 
A synonym  of  cauterization;  the  appli- 
cation of  the  actual  cautery  to  any  part 
of  the  body.  See  Ambtjstio. 

Adventitious,  ad-ven-tish'us.  [Ad- 
venti'tius;  from  adve'nio,  adventum , to 
“come  to,”  to  “come  to  accidentally.”] 
That  which  is  accidental  or  acquired,  in 
opposition  to  what  is  natural  or  heredi- 
tary. 

Ad- ver-sl-fo'll-ate.  [Ad  veisi  fo'- 
lius;  from  adver'sus,  “against,”  and  fo'- 
lium,  a “leat.”]  Having  leaves  against 
or  opposite  to  each  other. 

Ad-y-na'mi-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
ivmut 5,  “ power.”]  Loss  or  deficiency  of 
vital  power;  adyn'amy. 

Ad-y-iiuinic.  [Adynam'icus.] 
Pertaining  to  Adynamia. 

iEdoeitis  (e-de-i'tis),  idis.*  [From 
22 


MQt 

ai&oTa,  the  “parts  of  generation,”  the 
“pudenda.”]  Inflammation  of  the  pu- 
denda. 

vEdoeodynia,*  e-de-o-din'e-a.  [From 
adoia,  the  “pudenda,”  and  odvvn,  “pain.”] 
Pain  in  the  genital  organs,  from  what- 
ever cause. 

AE-d«e-o-gra'pbI-a.*  [From  aitoTa, 
the  “pudenda,”  and  ypa<pco,  to  “write.”] 
Description  of  the  parts  of  generation. 

AE-doe-o-lo'g’i-a.*  [From  adoTa,  the 
“pudenda,”  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  the  parts  of  generation, 
their  structure  and  functions ; also  that 
branch  of  Anatomy  or  Physiology  treat- 
ing of  the  same. 

AG-doe-op-so'pIii-a,'-  or  JE-dop-so'- 
plai-a.*  [From  aidoia,  the  “pudenda,” 
and  ipoQea),  to  “make  a noise.”]  The 
sound  caused  by  the  escape  of  wind 
from  the  womb  per  vaginam,  or  from 
the  bladder  per  urethram,  in  females. 

JE-dce-os'co-py.  [Adoeosco'pia, 
or  AGdoeop'sia  ? from  aidoia,  the  “pu- 
denda,” gkotxzw,  to  “see;”  dipig,  “vision.”] 
Examination  or  inspection  of  the  pu- 
denda. 

iE-doe-ot'o-my.  [Aklceoto'mia; 

from  aitoTa,  the  “pudenda,”  and  ri^vio,  to 
“cut.”]  The  anatomy  or  dissection  of 
the  parts  of  generation. 

iE-g’ag-r©-pi'!us.*  [From  aiyaypog, 
the  “wild  goat,”  and  7:1X0$,  “hair  wrought 
into  felt.”]  A concretion  found  in  the 
stomach  of  goats,  deer,  cows,  etc.,  com- 
posed of  hair  collected  on  the  tongue  of 
the  animal  in  licking  itself,  and  swal- 
lowed. 

ASgilops  (ej'il-ops),  o'p  is.*  [From  al'£, 
atyog,  a “goat,”  and  ohp,  the  “eye.”]  A 
sinuous  ulcer  under  the  inner  angle  of 
the  eye,  so  called  from  its  resemblance 
to  the  larmier  or  infra-orbital  glandular 
sac  of  goats:  now  considered  to  be  only 
a stage  of  the  fistula  tachrymalit. 

JEgobronebopliony,  e-go-bron-kof- 
o-ne.  [iEgobroiicliopho'nia;  from 
at£,  a “goat,”  and  bronchopho’nia .]  The 
bleating  and  bronchial  voice;  the  prin- 
cipal symptom  in  pleuro-pneumonia. 
See  Bronchophony. 

iE-go'nl-a.*  (Contraction  of  JEyo- 
pho'nia.)  A minor  degree  of  aegophony, 
or  a resonance  of  voice  intermediate  be- 
tween well-marked  bronchophony  and 
aegophony. 

iEgophony,  e-gofo-ne.  [iEgopbo'- 

nia:  from  a if,  atytig,  a “ goat,”  and  <pi>ivr}, 
the  “voice.”]  In  auscultation,  a strong 
resonance  of  the  voice,  jerking  and 
tremulous,  like  that  of  the  goat  or  kid. 


JER 


JEO 

iEolis>ile,  e-ol'e-pll.  [From  JE'olus , 
the  “ god  of  the  winds,”  and  pi' la,  a 
“ball.”]  Literally,  “iEolus’s  ball.”  A 
hollow  ball  of  metal  with  two  orifices  on 
opposite  sides.  If  water  be  placed  in 
such  a ball  and  converted  to  steam,  the 
escape  of  the  latter  reacting  on  the  atmo- 
sphere may  be  made  to  communicate  a 
rotary  motion  to  the  ball. 

iEora,*  e-o'ra.  [From  aiiopcoj,  to  “raise 
into  the  air.”]  A species  of  gestation; 
swinging. 

Ah|«l  librium,*  e-kwi-lib'bre-um. 
[From  se'qaus,  “equal,”  and  li'bro,  to 
“balance,”  to  “weigh.”]  Literally,  a 
“balancing  of  forces.”  That  rest  which 
occurs  when  many  forces  applied  to  the 
same  body  are  equally  opposed.  In  Me- 
dicine it  signifies  the  harmonious  action 
of  the  organs  of  the  body. 

iE'nuI-valvecl.  [JEqui val'vis ; from 
se'quus,  “equal,”  and  val'vse , “folding 
doors.”]  Having  equal  valves.  Applied 
to  a dehiscent  pericarp  so  formed. 

A'er.'*  [From  drip,  depog,  “ air,”  the  “at- 
mosphere.”] The  natural  air  we  breathe : 
atmospheric  air. 

Aerate,  a'er-at.  [From  the  preceding.] 
To  impregnate  with  carbonic  acid  gas. 

A'e-rat-ed.  [A'eratus.]  Applied  to 
liquids  impregnated  with  carbonic  acid 
gas. 

A'er  Fix'us.*  Fixed  air,  or  carbonic 
acid  gas. 

A-e'ri-al  A^'id.  Carbonic  acid  gas. 

Ae'rial  Plants.  Certain  plants  which 
can  live  by  absorption  from  the  atmo- 
sphere, without  requiring  their  roots  to 
be  fixed  to  any  place ; as  the  Flos  a'eris. 
See  Aerophytum. 

Aeriferous,  a-er-if  er-ous.  [Aer'ifer ; 
from  a'er,  “air,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear,”  to 
“carry.”]  Air-bearing.  Applied  to  the 
air-passages,  the  windpipe,  bronchi,  etc. 

A'er-I-f  I-ca' t ion . [ Aerifiica'ti©, 

o 'nis;  from  a'er,  “air”  or  “gas,”  and 
fa'cio,  to  “ make.”]  The  converting  of 
a body  into  gas. 

A'er-i-form.  [Aerifor'mis;  from 
a'er,  “air”  or  “gas.”]  Having  the  form 
of  air  or  gas  : gaseous. 

A-er-o-dyn-amlc.  [Aerotlyuam'a- 
ens;  from  drip,  and  6vi tapis,  “power.”] 
Pertaining  to  the  force  of  the  air. 

A-er-o-dyai-am'ics.  [Aerodyu- 
am'ica;  from  the  same.]  The  doctrine 
of  the  air  and  its  properties  while  in 
motion. 

A-er-og'ra-phy.  [Aerograph's© ; 

from  a'er,  “ air,”  and  ypd</> co,  to  “ write.”] 
A description  of  the  air. 


Aerolite,  a'er-o-llt ; written  also 
A'e-ro-lith.  [From  afip,  the  “atmo- 
sphere,” and  \iOoi,  a “ stone.”]  A certain 
meteoric  stone  which  falls  from  the 
heavens:  an  aerolite  or  aerolith.  Also 
termed  a Meteorolite.  See  Brontolitii. 

A-er-ol'o-gy.  [Aerolo'gia;  from 
afip,  “air,”  and  A oyog,  a “discourse.”]  A 
treatise  or  consideration  of  the  proper- 
ties of  air. 

A-er-om'e-tcr.  [Aeronn'etmtn  5 

from  dnp,  “air,”  and phpov,  a “measure.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
mean  bulk  of  gases. 

A-er-om'e-try.  [Aeromc'tria ; 
from  the  same.]  The  ascertaining  of 
the  physical  properties  of  atmospheric 
air,  their  nature  and  history. 

A-er-o-pho'bB-a.*  [From  afip,  “air,” 
and  Qdpos,  “ fear.”]  A dread  of  any  cur- 
rent of  air  ; because  in  hydrophobia  and 
some  other  diseases  it  induces  a parox- 
ysm : aeroph'oby. 

Aerophyte,  a'er-o-phit.  [Aeroph'- 
ytuau;  from  afip,  “air,”  and  0urdi/,  a 
“plant.”]  A plant  that  lives  in  the  air 
without  being  rooted  in  the  earth.  See 
Aerial  Plants. 

A-e-ros'co-py.  [From  drip,  “air,” 
and  oKOTTio),  to  “survey,”  to  “examine.”] 
The  investigation  of  the  air. 

Arose,  e'ros.  [Aro'sns;  from  res, 
se'ris,  “copper”  or  “brass.”]  Of  the 
nature  of  copper ; coppery. 

A-er-o-stat'ic.  [ Aeroistat'icus ; 
from  afip,  “air,”  and  aTartKfj,  the  “science 
of  weights.”]  Pertaining  to  the  science 
of  the  weight  of  air,  or  Aerostatics. 

A-er-o-stat'ics.  [ Aerostat'iea ; 

from  the  same.]  The  doctrine  of  air, 
its  specific  gravity,  and  properties  in  a 
state  of  rest. 

A-er-os-ta'tion.  [Aerosfa'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  a'er,  and  sto,  sta'tum,  to 
“stand.”]  Literally,  “ standing  (or being 
suspended)  in  the  air.”  The  raising  and 
supporting  of  heavy  bodies  by  the  buoy- 
ancy of  heated  air  or  light  gases  re- 
ceived into  a spherical  bag  called  a 
balloon. 

iE-ro'sus  Fa'pis.*  (“Coppery 
Stone.”)  A name  for  lajris  calaminaris, 
from  the  notion  of  its  being  a copper  ore. 

iE-ru'gau-©us,  or  iE-ru-gSn'e-©us. 
[AErng’iBno's&ts;  from  seru'go,  seru'ginis.] 
Pertaining  to  copper-rust,  or  verdigris. 
Applied  to  a bluish-green  color  like 
verdigris,  or  like  the  leaves  of  some  pine- 
trees. 

iE-ro'go,*  gen . AE-ru'gin-is.  [Con- 
traction of  se'ris  rubi'go,  the  “ rust  of  cop* 
23 


per.”  See  JEs.]  The  rust  of  a metal, 
especially  copper.  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  of  the  impure 
subacetate  of  copper.  See  Verdigris. 

iEs,*  gen.  iE'ris.  The  Latin  term  for 
“copper”  or  “brass.” 

iEs  Co-riii'tlii-um.-  [^Es,  “brass,” 
and  Corin'  thins,  belonging  to  “Corinth.”] 
A kind  of  brass  produced,  as  it  is  said,  by 
an  accidental  mixture  of  metals  at  the 
burning  of  Corinth.  It  appears,  how- 
ever, from  Pliny,  to  have  been  in  use  in 
Corinth  long  before  the  burning  of  that 
city. 

JEs  ITs'tnm.*  [^Es,  “copper,”  and 
us'tus,  “burnt;”  from  u'ro,  us' turn,  to 
“burn.”]  Burnt  copper  ; a preparation 
consisting  of  equal  parts  of  copper  and 
rough  brimstone,  laid  in  strata,  with  a 
small  quantity  of  common  salt  sprinkled 
on  each  layer,  and  exposed  to  the  fire 
till  the  brimstone  is  burned  out.  It  has 
been  called  JEs  Ven'eris  ( Venus  being  one 
of  the  ancient  names  for  copper),  uEs  cre- 
ma'tum , Ci'nis  te'ris,  Cro'cus  Veneris,  etc. 

iEsculm,  or  dGsculine,  es'ku-lin. 
An  alkaloid  lately  discovered  in  the  bark 
of  the  sEsculus  Hippocastannm , or  horse- 
chestnut;  supposed  to  be  a febrifuge. 

^Estates,*  es-ta'tez.  [The  nominative 
plural  of  ses'tas,  “summer.”]  Heat-spots; 
freckles;  sunburnings.  See  Epiielis. 

JEstliesia,*  es-the'se-a.  [From  aiaQa- 
vofxat,  to  “ perceive,”  to  “ feel.”]  Per- 
ception ; feeling ; sensibility. 

AEstliesis,*  es-the'sis.  [From  the 
same.]  Feeling  or  sensibility ; also,  sense 
or  sensation. 

AEs-lhet'ic.  [AEstSaet'icas ; from 
the  same.]  Pertaining  to  the  under- 
standing, or  mental  perception.  The 
Latin  term,  in  the  plural  neuter  {jEs- 
thet'ica),  forms  the  name  of  an  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  in  Dr.  Good’s  ar- 
rangement. 

yEs-tSiet'i©s.  [yEsttiet'ica ; from 
the  same.]  Literally,  the  science  of  the 
sensations  or  perceptions.  The  science 
which  explains  the  cause  of  the  pleasure 
or  displeasure  derived  from  the  contem- 
plation of  the  works  of  nature  or  art. 

AGs-tX-va'tion,  or  Es-ti-va'flion. 
[vEstiva'tio,  o'nis;  from  restUvo,  irsti- 
v a' turn , to  “spend  the  summer,”  to  “re- 
tire for  the  summer  season.”]  The  state 
in  which  the  different  parts  of  the  flower 
are  folded  in  the  bud  : prefloration. 

AEs-tu-a'rl-uiii.*  [From  trs'tus, 
“heat,”  “boiling  water,”  the  “tide.”] 
Literally,  a place  where  there  is  boiling 
or  raging  water:  hence,  an  estuary  ( i.e . 

21 


an  arm  of  the  sea,  or  part  of  a river  in 
which  the  tide  rises).  A stove  for  apply- 
ing dry  heat  to  all  parts  of  the  body  at 
once  ; also  a vapor-bath. 

ABstus,*  es'tus.  (See  preceding  arti- 
cle.) Heat,  as  well  natural  heat  in  in- 
tense degree,  as  that  which  is  the  effect 
of  inflammatory  disease. 

JEs'tus  Yo-lat/I-cus.*  The  sudden 
flushing  of  the  face;  also  Strophulus 
rotations,  or  wild-fire  rash  of  children. 

AE'tas,*gen.iE-ta'tis.  “Age.”  Differ- 
ent writers  have  designated  different 
stages  in  the  life  of  man ; but  perhaps 
the  most  usual  division  is  into  five 
periods,  as  follow  : — 

1.  Infancy  ( infan'tia ),  generally  con- 
sidered to  extend  to  about  the  seventh 
year,  or  to  the  second  dentition.  2. 
Childhood  (pueri'tia ),  extending  from 
the  seventh  to  the  fourteenth  or  fifteenth 
year,  the  period  of  puberty.  3.  Adoles- 
cence ( adolescen'tia ),  or  Youth,  reaching 
in  males  from  the  age  of  about  fifteen  to 
twenty-five;  in  females,  from  thirteen 
to  twenty-one.  4.  Adult  Age,  or  Man- 
hood ( viriVitas  or  se'tas  viri'lis,  the 
“manly  age”),  extending  from  the  close 
of  adolescence  to  about  the  fiftieth  year. 
5.  Old  Age  ( senec'tus ),  which  compre- 
hends the  declining  portion  of  life. 

The  Roman  writers  again  subdivided 
Manhood  into  different  stages,  as  AS'tas 
Firma'ta,  the  prime  or  full  strength  of 
man, — the  age  from  thirty  to  thirty-five; 
se'tas  Matu'ra,  the  age  of  maturity  or 
prudence, — the  age  of  fifty. 

Old  age  was  variously  subdivided,  as 
JE'tas  Pkovec'ta,  advanced  age;  aE'tas 
Ingraves'cens,  the  age  when  the  weight 
of  years  begins  to  be  sensibly  felt;  AS'tas 
Decrep'ita  or  Crkp'ita,  decrepit  age: 
reckoned  from  the  sixtieth  year,  and  end- 
ing in  death. 

iE-tlie're-a.-  [Neuter  plural  of  sethe'- 
rens,  “ethereal.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  preparations  of 
ether.  See  Ether. 

iE'tM-ops,*  or  E'tlii-ops.*  [From 
aiO.op,  “ black.”]  A name  anciently  given 
to  several  black  powders. 

yE'tliiops  An-tl-mo-iil-a'lis.*  A 
term  applied  to  a compound  of  ASthiops 
mineral  with  the  sulphuret  of  anfhnony. 

JE'tlsiops  Mar  tial.  An  old  name 
for  the  deutoxide  of  iron. 

yE'tliiops  Min'e-ral.  The  black  sul- 
phuret of  mercury  (Hydrar' gyri  Sulphu- 
re'tum  Ni'yrum).  As  an  anthelmintic,  it 
has  been  called  Poudre  Vermifuge  Mercu - 
rielle  (poodu  veu'me'fuzh'  meR'kU're-i»ir). 


iET 


AFF 


AE'tliiojw  per  se*  (per  se).  The 
name  given  by  Boerhaave  to  the  gray 
oxide  formed  by  long  agitation  of  mer- 
cury in  a bottle  half  full  of  air. 

JG'thiops  Ve£-e-tat>'a-lis.*  A name 
given  to  a species  of  charcoal,  prepared 
by  burning  the  Fuck  a vesiculosus  in  the 
open  air  and  reducing  it  to  a black 
powder. 

iEtBn'o-gen.  [From  alQog,  “fire,”  or 
“light,”  and  ysvvixu,  to  “produce.”]  A 
compound  of  boron  and  nitrogen,  which 
gives  a brilliant  phosphorescent  light 
when  heated  before  the  blow-pipe. 

Jl'thrbseope.  [From  aipOa,  the 
“clear  sky,”  and  (tkottzm,  to  “observe.”] 
An  instrument  invented  by  Sir  John 
Leslie  for  indicating  the  power  of  the 
clouds  in  preventing  radiation.  It  con- 
sists of  the  differential  thermometer, 
having  one  of  the  balls  excluded  from 
the  light  and  the  other  placed  in  a 
polished  metallic  cup.  Exposed  to  a 
clear  part  of  the  sky,  the  heat  radiated 
from  it  escapes  rapidly,  and  the  tem- 
perature falls;  exposed  to  a cloud,  the 
radiated  heat  is  restored  and  there  is  no 
reduction  of  temperature. 

JSdlm'sa  Cy-na'pl-um.*  Lesser 
Hemlock,  or  Fool’s  Parsley;  a plant  of 
the  order  Umbelliferse,  possessing  poi- 
sonous properties.  It  yields  an  alkaloid 
called  cynapia. 

A2-ti-ol'o-&y.  [iEtiolo'gia;  from 
airia,  “cause,”  and  Aoyo;,  a “discourse.”] 
The  science  of  the  causes  of  disease. 

Aetites,*  a-e-ti'tez.  [From  arrdj,  an 
“eagle,”  A idog,  a “stone,”  being  under- 
stood.] Eagle-stone.  A clay-ironstone, 
hollow,  and  containing  another  substance 
within  it  of  variable  composition. 

Af-fee'tion.  [Aflfec'tio,  o rnis  ; from 
affi'cio , affec'tum , to  “affect,”  to  “dis- 
turb.”] Nearly  synonymous  with  “ dis- 
ease,” as  inflammatory,  nervous,  or  rheu- 
matic affection,  etc. 

Afler-ens.*  [From  ad,  “ to,”  and  fern, 
to  “bring.”]  Applied  to  the  lymphatic 
vessels,  or  Vasa  afferentia : aff'erent. 

Afferentia,*  af-fer-en'she-a,  the  plu- 
ral neuter  of  Afferens,  which  see. 

Af-fin'i-ty.  [AMn'itas,  a 'tis ; from 
ad,  “to,”  “on,”  and  fi'nis,  “boundary:” 
affi'nis,  “on  the  boundary,”  “near,” 
“connected  with,”  “neighboring.”] 
Literally,  “connection  by  marriage.” 
That  kind  of  attraction  by  which  differ- 
ent classes  of  substances  combine  to 
form  new  substances,  as  in  the  case  of  an 
alkali  with  an  acid,  forming  a salt.  As 
marriage  unites  persons  of  different  or 
3* 


opposite  sexes,  so  affinity  unites  sub* 
stances  of  different  and  often  opposite 
qualities:  e.g.  a supporter  of  combustion 
with  a combustible,  an  alkali  with  an 
acid,  etc.  Affinity  is  sometimes  used, 
but  less  appropriately,  to  denote  attrac- 
tion in  a more  general  sense.  See  Af- 
finity of  Aggregation. 

Single  or  Simple  Affinity  is  the 
power  by  which  two  elementary  bodies 
combine. 

Elec'tive  Affinity  denotes  the  pre- 
ference which  one  body  manifests  in 
combining  with  another  rather  than 
with  a third  or  fourth,  etc. 

Double  Elective  Affinity  occurs 
when  two  compounds  decompose  each 
other  and  two  new  compounds  are 
formed  by  an  exchange  of  elements. 
Thus,  when  sulphate  of  zinc  and  carbon- 
ate of  potassa  are  mixed,  the  sulphuric 
acid  leaves  the  zinc  and  unites  with  the 
potassa,  forming  sulphate  of  potassa, 
while  the  carbonic  acid  combines  with 
the  zinc,  producing  carbonate  of  zinc. 

Quies'cent  Affinity  is  that  which 
tends  to  maintain  the  elements  of  a 
compound  in  their  present  state,  prevent- 
ing decomposition. 

Divel;lent  Affinity  (from  dioeVlo , 
to  “pull  apart,”  to  “separate”)  is  that 
which  tends  to  arrange  the  particles  of 
a compound  in  a new  form,  producing 
decomposition.  In  mixing  different  com- 
pounds, if  the  sum  total  of  the  dicellent 
be  more  powerful  than  that  of  the  qui- 
escent affinities,  decomposition  takes 
place. 

Disposing  Affinity  is  that  which 
promotes  the  tendency  of  bodies  to 
combine  in  a particular  way,  by  pre- 
senting to  them  a third  substance  which 
exerts  a strong  attraction  to  the  com- 
pound they  form : when  the  combina- 
tion has  been  effected,  the  third  sub- 
stance may  be  withdrawn.  Some  writers 
call  this  tendency  to  unite  the  affinity 
of  intermedium,  or  intermediate  affinity. 
Berthollet  styles  it  “reciprocal  affinity.” 

Afflai'ity  of  Ag,-g,re-g,a'tion.  A force 
by  which  two  substances  tend  to  com- 
bine and  form  an  aggregate,  without 
their  properties  being  changed.  An- 
other term  for  the  attraction  of  cohesion. 

AfSin'ity,  Chem'i-cal,  or  AfSiai'ity 
proper.  That  property  or  attraction  by 
which  different  elements  unite  with  each 
other,  forming  new  substances.  Sea 
Affinity. 

Affinity,  Intermediate.  See  Af- 
finity (Disposing). 


25 


AFF 


AGG 


Affinity,  Vi'tal.  That  power  which 
forms  the  solids  and  fluids  from  the 
common  circulating  fluids. 

Af-fla'tus.*  [From  ad,  "to,”  “upon,” 
and  flo,  fla' turn,  to  “blow.”]  Applied  to 
a species  of  erysipelas,  as  if  blown  upon 
by  an  unwholesome  blast. 

Ai-flux'us.*  [From  ad,  “to”  or 
“ towards,”  and  Jlu'o,  flux' urn  or  fluc'- 
tum,  to  “flow.”]  Afflux;  a name  given 
in  former  times  to  a supposed  reciprocal 
influence  of  terrestrial  bodies:  it  was 
compared  to  the  effect  of  a magnet  on 
iron,  and  of  amber  on  chaff.  Ajfluxus  or 
afflux  is  also  used  to  denote  the  flow  or 
determination  of  blood  or  other  fluid  of 
the  body  to  a particular  part. 

Af- fu'$ ion.  [Affu'sio,  o '»?»/  from 
ad,  “to,”  “upon,”  and  fun' do,  fu' sum,  to 
“pour.”]  The  pouring  of  water  on  a 
substance  to  cleanse  it.  Applied  to  the 
pouring  on  a patient,  in  certain  fevers, 
of  a liberal  quantity  of  cold  water : the 
cold  affusion.  To  this  head  some  writers 
refer  Lotions,  Aspersions,  Shower- 
Baths,  which  will  be  n t.iced  in  their 
alphabetical  places. 

Af'ter-Birtli.  The  common  English 
term  for  the  placenta,  cord,  and  mem- 
branes, or  secundines. 

Af'ter-Pains.  Those  pains,  more  or 
less  severe,  after  expulsion  of  the  after- 
birth, from  the  contractile  efforts  of  the 
uterus  to  return  to  its  normal  condition. 

Agalacta'tio.  See  Agalactia. 

Ag-a-lac'tl-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
ya\a,  ydXaxrog,  “milk.”]  Deficiency  of 
milk  after  child-birth. 

A-gami-cus.^  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
ydyLoq,  “ marriage.”]  Sometimes  applied, 
in  Botany,  to  plants  the  sexual  organs 
of  which  cannot  be  detected:  crypto- 
gamic. 

Ag'am-ous.  [From  the  same.]  Sex- 
less. A term  applied  to  the  cryptogamous 
plants,  from  the  notion  that  they  possess 
no  sexual  characters. 

A-gar'i-euin.*  [Said  to  be  derived 
from  Aga'ria,  or  Ag'arum,  a region  of 
Sarmatia,  where  it  was  first  discovered.] 
The  agaric,  a species  of  mushroom. 

A-gar'i-cus. i:  [See  preceding  arti- 
cle.] The  generic  name  of  the  mush- 
room family,  order  Fungi , class  Grypto- 
gamia. 

Agar'icus  ('am-pcs'tris.-  The 
Linnuean  name  of  the  common  eatable 
mushroom  of  Europe. 

Agar'icus  Clii-riir-go'ruin.* 

(“Surgeon’s  Agaric.”)  See  Agaricus 
Quercus. 

26 


Agar'icus  Min-e-ra'lis.*  (“Mine- 
ral Agaric.”)  The  mountain  milk  or  meal 
of  the  Germans;  one  of  the  purest  of  the 
native  carbonates  of  lime,  found  in  clefts 
of  rocks,  etc.  It  is  named  from  its  re- 
semblance to  an  agaric  in  texture  and 
color. 

Agar'icus  Quer'ciis.*  (“Agaric  of 
the  Oak.”)  Bole’tus  Tgnia'rius,  or  Touch- 
wood  : a fungus  formerly  used  for  ar- 
resting external  haemorrhages. 

Ag'ate.  [From  Acha'tes,  a river  of 
Sicily  where  agates,  it  is  said,  were  first 
discovered.]  A hard  siliceous  stone,  used 
by  lapidaries  for  engraving  seals,  ca- 
meos, and  other  objects  of  ornament. 
It  is  composed  of  chalcedony  blended 
with  jasper,  quartz,  and  other  minerals. 

A-ga've  A-mer-i-ca'na.*  The  Amer- 
ican Aloe. 

Aga've  Cu-ben'sis.*  A species  of 
American  aloe,  the  roots  of  which 
resemble  the  red  sarsaparilla  off  the 
shops. 

Age.  See  JEtas. 

Agedoite.  See  Asparagin. 

Agenesia.  See  Agennesia. 

A-gen'e-sis.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
yzvvain,  to  “beget,”  or  yivin,  to  “be  born.”] 
Applied  to  anomalies  of  organization, 
consisting  in  the  absence  or  imperfect 
development  of  parts. 

Agennesia,'--  aj-en-ne'se-a,  or  A- 
geune-sis.*  [From  the  same.]  Impo- 
tence, sterility. 

A'gent.  [A'gens;  from  a! go,  to 
“act”  or  “do.”]  Any  power  or  influ- 
ence which  produces  an  effect  on  the 
human  body.  Thus,  we  speak  of  a 
“morbific  agent,”  that  is,  something 
which  causes  disease.  In  Chemistry,  a 
substance  capable  of  producing  chemical 
action  or  a change  in  the  composition  of 
bodies. 

Agerasia,*  aj-e-ra'se-a.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  ynpag,  “ old  age.”]  The  non-ap- 
pearance of  the  effects  or  infirmities  of 
old  age:  a green  old  age. 

A-ger'a-tum.;:  [Gr.  dyripSrov.']  See 
Achillea  Ageratum. 

Ageusia.  See  Ageustia. 

Agcustia,*  a-gus'te-a.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  yeixng,  “tasting.”]  Loss  of  taste.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Dyssesthesise,  class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ag-gloin'er-ate,  or  Ag-glom'er- 
at-e<l.  [Agglomera'tus;  from  ag- 
glom'ero,  agglomeraf turn  (from  ad,  “to,” 
“on,”  and  glo'mus,  a “ball”),  to  “wind 
upon  a ball,”  to  “gather  into  a ball.”] 
Applied  to  glands.  Applied  also  to  the 


AGG 


AGR 


stamens  of  plants  when  collected  in  a 
globular  form ; and  to  amenta , or  catkins, 
similarly  disposed. 

Ag-glu'tl-iiant.  [ Agglu'tinans ; 

from  acf,  “ to,”  and  glu'tino,  glutina' turn, 
to  “glue.”]  Applied  to  external  appli- 
cations of  a gluey  nature,  which  favor 
the  healing  of  parts  by  keeping  them 
together. 

Ag-glii-ti-na'tion.  [Agglutina'tio, 

©'»/*/  from  the  same.]  A gluing  or  join- 
ing together:  also  the  action  of  an  ag- 
glutinant  substance.  See  Collesis. 

Agglutination,  Im-me'di-ate. 
Union  by  the  first  intention. 

Agglutination,  He'di-ate.  The  in- 
terposing of  some  substance  between  the 
lips  of  a wound,  or  the  flaps  after  ampu- 
tation; as  agaric,  charpie,  or  lint,  on 
which  cerate  is  first  spread. 

Ag'gre-gate.  [Aggregatus;  from 
ag'grego,  aggrega' turn  (from  ud,  “to”  or 
“together,”  and  grex , gre'gis,  a “herd,” 
“flock,”  or  “crowd”),  to  “crowd  to- 
gether,” to  “gather  together.”]  Applied 
to  flowers  which  have  a number  of 
smaller  flowers  collected  into  clusters. 
Applied  also,  in  Chemistry,  to  several 
substances  of  the  same  kind  producing 
one,  its  chemical  properties  not  differing 
from  theirs.  In  the  plural  neuter  {Ag- 
grega'ta)  it  forms  the  name  of  a family 
of  the  Mollusca,  Acephala  nuda,  which 
are  united  in  a common  mass.  See  Ag- 
glomerate. 

Ag'gregate.  A body  or  mass  made 
up  of  smaller  bodies  or  masses.  The 
smallest  parts  into  which  an  aggregate 
can  be  divided  without  destroying  its 
chemical  properties  are  called  integrant 
parts, 

Ag-gre-gation.  [From  the  same.] 
A collection  of  many  individual  par- 
ticles, etc.,  into  a cluster  or  mass.  Also, 
a form  of  attraction,  commonly  called 
that  of  cohesion,  by  which  the  particles 
of  bodies  are  aggregated,  or  retained  in 
the  state  of  a solid. 

Ag-i-ta'tion.  [Agitati®,  Wnis ; 
from  ag'ito,  agita'tum,  to  “shake,”  to 
“agitate.”]  The  act  of  putting  into 
active  or  violent  motion.  Mental  emo- 
tion, from  the  violence  of  some  prevail- 
ing passion. 

Ag'li-a.*  [Gr.  dy\irj.~\  A whitish  speck 
on  the  cornea  of  the  eye. 

Ag-l©-l>uti-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
glob' ulus,  a “globule.”]  Decrease  or 
vl  minution  in  the  quantity  of  blood- 
globules. 

Ag-lu-tition.  [Aglutiti®,  o'nis; 


from  a,  priv.,  and  glu'tio , glut  i' turn,  to 
“swallow.”]  Inability  to  swallow.  See 
Dysphagia. 

Ag-nitia  Mem-fora'iia.*  [From 

ag'nus,  a “lamb,”  and  membra' na,  a 
“membrane.”]  The  name  given  to  one 
of  the  membranes  of  the  foetus,  on  ac- 
count of  its  tenderness.  The  same  as 
the  amnion. 

Agnitia  Tutil-ca.*  [From  ag'nus,  a 
“lamb,”  and  tu'nica,  a “coat.”J  The 
lamb’s  coat;  the  amnion. 

Agnoea,*  ag-ne'a.  [From  ayvoto),  to 
“be  ignorant.”]  The  state  of  a patient 
who  does  not  recognize  persons  or  things. 

Ag'nus  Cas'tus.*  The  chaste  tree,  a 
species  of  Vitcx,  formerly  celebrated  as 
an  antaphrodisiac.  This  name  has  also 
been  given  to  Castor  Oil,  or  the  oil  of 
Jlicinus  communis,  from  its  effects  upon 
the  body  and  mind. 

A-gom-phi'a-sis.*  [From  a,  priv., 
and  gomphd sis,  the  “insertion  of  the 
teeth  in  their  sockets.”]  Looseness  of 
the  teeth. 

A-go'na-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  yovog, 
“seed,”  “offspring.”]  Sterility,  or  bar- 
renness. 

Ag'o-ny.  [From  ayov,  a “contest,” 
a “struggle.”]  The  last  struggle  of  life, 
closing  in  death. 

A-grestis.*  [From  a'ger,  a'gri,  a 
“field.”]  Pertaining  to  a field;  the 
specific  name  of  many  plants. 

A'gri-a.*  [Gr.  aypia,  the  “holly.” 
Another  name  for  the  Aquifolium,  c 
holly. 

A'gri  a.*  [From  ayptog , “wild,”  “un- 
tamable.”] A pustular  eruption,  with 
redness  and  erosion;  named  from  its  in- 
tractability. 

Ag-ri-am'pe-los.*  [From  uypiog , 
“wild,”  and  apnreXog,  the  “vine.”]  An- 
other name  for  the  Bryonia  alba,  or  wild 
vine. 

Ag'ra-mo-aiy.  [ Agrimo'nia  Enpa- 
to'ria.]  A plant  of  the  order  Rosacex, 
used  as  an  astringent  and  stomachic. 

Ag-ri-o-aug'a-nusn.*  [From  aypiog , 
“wild,”  and  dpiyavov,  “marjoram.”]  The 
Orig'anum  vulga're,  or  wild  marjoram. 

Ag-ri=©-tBiym'i»a.*  [From  dypiog , 
“wild,”  and  0vp.6g,  “passion,”  “rage.”] 
Furious  insanity. 

A-grip'g>a.*  [As  if  JEgrippa,  from 
segre  partus , “born  with  difficulty.”] 
A term  applied  to  children  born  with 
the  feet  foremost.  Hence  the  name  of 
some  celebrated  Romans. 

Ag-ros-tog'ra-play.  [Agrosto- 
gra'pliia;  from  aypowTig,  a kind  of 
27 


A Git 


ALB 


* grass,”  am*  ypifyw,  to  “ write.”]  A trea- 
tise on  grasses. 

A-gryp'nl-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
vnvus,  “ sleep.”]  Sleeplessness ; watchful- 
ness, or  wakefulness. 

A-gryp-no-co'ma,  a tie.*  [From 
aypvnvos,  “sleepless,”  and  Kiopa,  “ lethar- 
gy/"] A lethargic  state  of  wakefulness, 
with  low  muttering  delirium,  aptly  ex- 
pressed otherwise  by  the  term  Coma-vigil. 

A'gue.  [Supposed  to  be  derived  from 
the  Gothic  agis , “trembling.”]  The 
common  name  for  intermittent  fever. 

Ague-Cake.  [Placen'ta  Febri'- 
lis.]  Enlargement  of  the  spleen,  the 
effect  of  protracted  ague. 

A'gue-Drop.  A solution  of  arseniate 
of  potash ; Fowler’s  tasteless  ague-drop, 
for  which  the  Liquor  arseuicalis  is  sub- 
stituted. It  is  used  as  a remedy  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

A'gue-Tree.  Another  name  for  sas- 
safras, given  on  account  of  its  virtues  as 
a febrifuge. 

A-gyr'ta.^  Formerly,  a mountebank ; 
a person  who  collected  a crowd  about 
him;  a quack. 

Ali-ri'zous.  [ ABirizus ; from  a, 
priv.,  and  pi^a,  a “root.”]  Applied  to  cer- 
tain dicotyledonous  plants,  because  repro- 
duced by  sporulse,  without  radicles,  strik- 
ing root  from  any  part  of  their  surface. 

Air.  [Lat.  A'er,  A'eris:  Gr.  drip ; 
from  aw,  to  “breathe.”]  The  natural 
air,  or  atmosphere:  atmospheric  air. 
When  pure,  it  consists  of  about  20  parts 
(in  the  hundred)  of  oxygen  and  80  of 
nitrogen;  it  contains  also  a small  quan- 
tity of  carbonic  acid,  the  proportion  of 
which  varies  greatly  according  to  circum- 
stances, being  far  more  abundant  in  the 
air  of  a densely  peopled  city  than  in  the 
country. 

Air  Bag,  or  Air  Bladder.  See 

Vesica  Natatoria. 

Air,  Fixed.  [A'er  Fix'tas.]  Car- 
bonic acid  gas. 

Air,  In-flam'ma-ble.  Hydrogen  gas. 

Air  Pump.  A machine  by  which 
the  air  in  a vessel  may  be  withdrawn. 

Air,  Vi'tal  (formerly  called  dephlo- 
gisticated  air,  empyrial  air,  etc.)  is  a 
term  applied  to  oxygen  gas,  from  its 
being  indispensable  to  life. 

Akinesia.  See  Acinesia. 

AI.  The  Arabic  article  signifying 
“the,”  prefixed  to  many  terms  formerly 
in  use;  as  al-chemy,  al-kahest,  al-cohol, 
etc. 

A'la,*  plural  A'lse.  [Supposed  to  be 
a contraction  of  axil' la,  the  “armpit.”] 
28 


A wing.  Applied,  in  Anatomy,  to  parts, 
from  their  resemblance  to  a wing,  as  alse 
nasi,  “ wings  of  the  nose,”  etc. ; also,  to 
the  armpit.  In  Botany  it  is  applied  to 
the  side  petals  of  papilionaceous  flowers, 
and  angles  formed  by  leaves  or  stalks 
with  their  branches,  etc. 

Al-a-bas'ter.  [Lat.  ABabastri'tes, 
and  Alabaster;  Gr.  dXafJcuTrpo;,  and  dXI- 
3airpoy.']  A species  of  white  gypsum  (sul- 
phate of  lime),  used  for  ornamental  pur- 
poses. The  name  is  also  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  a form  of  carbonate  of  lime. 

Al-a-bas'trami.*  [From  the  same.] 
A term  applied  to  the  five  green  leaves 
forming  the  calyx  of  some  flowers  before 
the  expansion  of  the  bud,  from  a sup- 
posed resemblance  to  an  alabaster  box. 

AlreMa-jo'res.*  (“  Larger  Wings.”) 
Another  term  for  the  labia  externa  of  the 
pudenda.  See  Labia  Pudendi. 

A'lae  Mi-no'res.  !:  (“  Lesser  Wings.”) 
A term  applied  to  the  two  small  folda 
formed  by  the  nymphm. 

A'l;e  Na'si.*  (“Wings  of  the  Nose.”) 
The  lateral  or  movable  cartilaginous 
parts  of  the  nose. 

A'Sse  Ves-per-til-i-o'nis.*  (“Bat’s 
Wings.”)  The  broad  ligaments  situated 
between  the  uterus  and  the  Fallopian 
tubes. 

Alseformis.  See  Aliform. 

A-fia'li-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  XaXrw, 
to  “speak.”]  A defect  of  articulation. 

A-laia'tiue.  A starch-like  powder,  ob- 
tained from  the  Angelica  Archangelica. 

A-la'res  \Vitae.*  [SccAlaris.]  The 
superficial  veins  at  the  bend  of  the  aim. 

A-Ia'ri-a  Os'sa.*  The  lateral  pro- 
cesses of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

A-la'ris,*  plural  A -la  res  and  A-lar- 
ri-a.  [From  a'la,  a “wing.”]  Wing-like: 
applied  to  the  pterygoid  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  to  a ligament  within 
the  knee-joint,  and  to  the  inner  veins  of 
the  bend  of  the  arm. 

A'lalo.  [Ala'tus;  from  ala,  a 
“wing.”]  Winged,  as  certain  stems  and 
leaf-stalks  having  side  membranes. 

Arbi-caus,*  neuter  plural  Albieait- 
tfia,  al-be  kan'she-a.  [From  al'bico , to 
“grow  white.”]  Applied  (in  the  plural) 
to  two  small  bodies  on  the  base  of  the 
brain,  the  Corpora  albicantia. 

Al-bi-cau'lis.*  [From  alfbus,u  white,” 
and  cau'/is,  a “stem.”]  Having  a white 
stem  : albicau'line. 

Al-bi-dac'ty-lus,*  or  Al-bo-dnr'fy  ■ 
Ins.*  [From  al’hus , “white,”  and  <Wrn- 
Xoj,  a “finger.”]  Having  whice,  digitated 
wings. 


ALB 


ALC 


Al-bl-flo'rus.*  [From  al'bus ,“  white,” 
and  Jios,  Jlo'ris,  a “flower.”]  Having 
white  flowers. 

Al-bi-ner'vus.*  [From  al'bus , 
“white,”  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”]  Hav- 
ing white  nervures. 

Al'bi-nisni.  [From  al'bus , “white.”] 
A diseased  state,  in  which  the  skin  is  of  a 
uniform  dull,  milky  white  color;  the  hair 
resembles  bleached  flax  or  silk;  the  iris 
is  pink,  and  the  retina  and  choroid,  seen 
through  the  pupil,  present  another  shade 
of  the  same  color;  the  sight  is  weak, 
and  strongest  in  the  dark. 

Al-bi'iio.  A term  applied  to  an  indi- 
vidual marked  by  the  above  character- 
istics. There  is  the  Ethiopian  variety, 
found  among  negroes,  and  the  European , 
found  among  Europeans  and  other  white 
nations.  See  Leucopatiiia. 

Albino-Skim.  See  Albinism. 

Al'bite.  [Probably  a contraction  of 
al'bus,  “white,”  and  li'thos,  a “stone.] 
Soda  Felspar , a silicate  of  alumina,  re- 
sembling felspar  in  its  properties,  with 
the  substitution  of  soda  for  potash. 

Al-bi-ven'feay*  Al-bi-ven'tris.* 
[From  al'bus,  “ white,”  and  ven'ter,  the 
“ belly.”]  Having  a white  belly. 

Al-bm-gin'e-oms.  [Albugin'eus ; 
from  alba' (jo,  alb  u'  jin  is,  the  “white  of 
the  eye.”]  White  like  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eye;  also,  pertaining  to  albumen, 
or  white  of  egg.  Applied  to  a membrane 
of  the  eye,  also  to  a covering  of  the  tes- 
ticles, each  named  Tu'nica  albufjin'ea. 

Al-bii'g1©,*  gen.  Al-bii'gl-nis.  [From 
al'bus,  “white.”]  The  white  of  the  eye; 
sometimes  the  white  of  egg,  or  albumen. 
A white  opacity  of  the  cornea,  not  superfi- 
cial, but  affecting  its  very  substance  ; also 
called  the  “pin  and  web.”  See  Argema 
and  Leucoma. 

Al'bimi  Crriecum*  (gre'kum).  Ster'- 
cus  ca'nis.  The  white  and  solid  excre- 
ment of  dogs  which  subsist  chiefly  on 
bones.  It  consists,  for  the  most  part,  of 
the  earth  of  bones  or  lime,  in  combina- 
tion with  phosphoric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly used  in  medicine;  it  is  now  some- 
times used  to  soften  leather  in  the 
process  of  dressing  it  after  the  depilatory 
action  of  lime. 

Album  Ni'graim.*  The  excrement 
of  mice  and  rats ; formerly  used  both 
externally  and  internally  as  a remedy, 
but  now  very  properly  abandoned. 

Al-bn'mcm,*  gen.  Al-bai'miai-is. 
[From  al'bus,  “ white.”]  The  white  of  an 
egg.  A peculiar  constituent  principle,  of 
essentially  the  same  character  as  the  al- 


bumen of  an  egg,  found  in  the  animal  and 
vegetable  kingdoms.  It  is  distinguished 
by  its  property  of  coagulability  on  the 
application  of  heat. 

Animal  albumen  is  the  chief  solid  in- 
gredient in  the  white  of  eggs : it  also 
enters  largely  into  the  composition  of 
blood,  muscles,  etc.  It  may  be  obtained 
pure  by  coagulating  the  white  of  an  egg 
with  alcohol,  washing  thoroughly  with 
that  fluid,  and  then  drying  it  at  the 
temperature  of  120°  Fahrenheit. 

Albumen,  Vegetable.  See  Vege- 
table Albumen. 

Al-bn'mI-noi<l.  [Albuminos'des; 

from  albu'men,  and  el'og,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling albumen.  Often  used  in  the 
sense  of  Proteinaceous.  See  Protein. 

Al-bu'mi-nose.  [From  albu'men .] 
A product  of  digestion  found  in  the  chyle 
and  blood.  It  differs  from  albumen  in 
not  being  coagulable  by  heat. 

A14»ii'min-ous.  [Albuinino^us.] 
Containing  or  resembling  albumen. 

Al-bu-imnii-u'ri-a.*  [From  albu'men , 
and  uri'na,  “urine.”]  An  albuminous 
state  of  the  urine.  See  Nephritis  Al- 

BUMINOS  A. 

Al-bur'mim.*  [From  al'bus, 

“white.”]  The  soft  white  substance 
between  the  inner  bark  and  the  wood 
of  trees.  See  Sap-Wood. 

Alcana.  See  Alkana. 

Al-car'£en.  Another  name  for  Ca- 
codylic  Acid,  which  see. 

Alchemy,  al'kem-e.  [Alelic'mia, 
or  Alchym'ia.  Supposed  to  be  derived 
from  the  Arabic  definite  article  al,  and 
Xton"-,  a “melting”  or  “pouring.”]  A chi- 
merical art  which  proposed  to  find  out 
the  means  of  effecting  the  transmutation 
of  metals  and  preparing  a remedy  for 
all  diseases. 

Alelios'iiea  Jhati  folia.  See  Alcor- 

noque. 

Alchymy.  See  Alchemy. 

Al-ca-cor'nis.*  [From  al'ce,  an  “elk,” 
and  co/nu,  a “horn.”]  Having  horns, 
or  similar  objects,  like  those  of  the  elk. 

Aleoate.  See  Alcoholates. 

Al'eo-liol,  or  Al'ko-Ssol.  [From 
the  Arabic  definite  article  al,  and  kohol, 
an  “impalpable  powder,”  “something 
very  subtle.”]  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(U.  S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  for  rectified  spirits. 
A term  applied  to  the  pure  spirit  ob- 
tained by  distillation  from  all  liquids 
which  have  undergone  vinous  fermenta- 
tion. When  diluted  with  an  equal  weight 
of  water,  it  is  termed  Proof  spirit,  or 
Spiritus  tenuior  of  the  Pharmacopoeia* 
29 


ALC 


ALG 


The  first  product  of  distillation  is  tech- 
nically called  low  wine,  and  is  again 
subjected  to  distillation.  The  latter  por- 
tions of  what  comes  over  are  called 
feints,  and  are  reserved  for  a further 
process  in  the  wash-still.  The  second 
product  is  termed  raw  spirit,  and  when 
again  distilled  is  called  rectified  spirit. 
The  strongest  alcohol  which  can  be  pro- 
cured is  termed  Absolute  Alcohol,  or 
Anhydrous  Alcohol,  to  denote  its  entire 
freedom  from  water. 

Aficolnol,  Absolute.  See  Alcohol. 

Al'cofiiol  Am-mo-ni-a'tum.*  The 
Spiritus  ammo'nise  at  omat'icus.  A com- 
bination of  alcohol  and  ammonia,  pre- 
pared by  passing  ammoniacal  gas  into 
alcohol,  which  must  be  kept  cool. 

Alcohol  Amylicuin.  See  Fusel  Oil. 

Al'co-liol-ates.  [FromoZVoAoZ.]  Ap- 
plied to  officinal  medicines,  differing  from 
alcoholic  tinctures,  first,  in  the  men- 
struum containing  ‘one  volatile  principles 
of  medicinal  substances,  and,  secondly, 
in  their  mode  of  separation,  which  con- 
sists in  impregnating  the  alcohol  with 
medicinal  principles,  first  by  maceration 
and  then  by  distillation. 

Al-co-lio3'ic.  [AlcoSsol'icus;  from 
al'cohol. ] Pertaining  to  alcohol. 

Al'co-liol-ism.  A diseased  con- 
dition of  the  system  resulting  from  the 
use  of  alcoholic  drinks. 

Al-co-hol-i-za'tiora.  The  develop- 
ment of  alcohol  in  a liquid. 

Al-co-lio-lom'e-ter.  [Alcoltolom'- 
etrum ; from  al'cohol,  and  y irpov,  a “ mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  for  ascertaining 
the  quantity  of  alcohol  in  any  fluid. 

Alcohouieter.  See  Alcoholometer. 

Alcornoque,  alvkoRvnok'.  (Fr.)  The 
bark  of  the  Alchornea  latifolia,  growing 
in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America. 
It  is  bitter  and  tonic,  and  has  by  some 
been  regarded  as  a specific  in  phthisis. 

Al'?y-on,*  gen.  Al-$y'o-nis.  [Gr. 
(iXkvov;  from  uXj,  the  “sea,”  and  kvco,  to 
“conceive,”  because  said  to  hatch  its  eggs 
in  the  sea.]  A bird  of  the  swallow  kind, 
found  in  Cochin  China  and  the  Philip- 
pine Islands,  whose  nest,  composed 
chiefly  of  a gelatinous  matter,  possesses 
nutritious  properties,  is  esteemed  as  an 
article  of  diet  in  China,  and  used  as  an 
analeptic  and  aphrodisiac. 

Al'de-ltyde.  [From  al,  first  syllable 
of  al'cohol , and  de-hyd,  first  two  of  de- 
hydrorjena'tus,  “deprived  of  hydrogen.”] 
A colorless  liquid  of  a suffocating  odor, 
and  readily  absorbing  oxygen  from  the 
atmosphere. 

30 


Al-de-hyd'ic.  [Aldehyd'icus? 

from  al'dehyde .]  Pertaining  to  alde- 
hyde. 

Alder.  See  Alnus. 

Ale.  The  fermented  infusion  of  pale 
malted  barley,  usually  combined  with 
infusion  of  hops. 

Al-ec-tru'rous.  [Alectru'rns ; 

from  dXeKTwp,  a “cock,”  and  dupd,  a 
“tail.”]  Having  a tail  like  the  cock’s. 

A-lem'bic.  [Alem'bicus ; from  the 
Arabic  al,  and  aydi^,  a “cup”  or  “pot.”] 
A glass,  metal,  or  earthenware  utensil, 
fitted  to  receive  volatile  products  from 
retorts. 

A-lem'brotb.  [Said  to  signify,  in 
Chaldaic,  the  “key  to  art  or  knowledge.”] 
The  Salt  of  Wisdom  of  the  Alchemists. 
A muriate  of  mercury  and  ammonia, 
corresponding  to  the  Hydrargyrum 
prsecipita'tum  al'bum  of  the  London 
Pharmacopoeia.  It  is  a compound  of 
bichloride  of  mercury  and  sal  ammoniac. 

Al'e-tris  Far-i-aao'sa.*  Star-grass.  A 
plant  of  the  natural  order  Asphodclise. 
It  is  intensely  bitter,  and  is  used  as  a 
tonic. 

Al-ex-aai'dra-a.*  [Named  from  the 
place  of  its  growth.]  The  name  for  the 
Pru'nus  laurocer' asus ; the  Alexandrian 
laurel. 

Alexijpbarmacoii.  See  Alexi- 

PHARMIC. 

A-lex-i-plsar'mic.  [Alexiphar'- 

micus;  from  dXi^ut,  to  “ward  off,”  to 
“protect,”  and  (pappaxov,  a “poison.”] 
Antipharmic ; neutralizing  the  effects  of 
poison. 

A-lex-i-py-rei/ic.  [Alexipy  ret' fi- 
cus; from  dXi£o),  and  xvperds,  a “fever.”] 
Driving  off  fevers  : febrifuge. 

Aldze,  or  Alfcse,  d'liVz'.  [From  dXs* w, 
to  “protect.”]  A cloth  folded  several 
times  in  order  to  protect  the  bed  from 
discharges  of  blood,  etc. 

Al'gra.*  An  herb  or  weed  growing  on 
the  sea-shore:  sea-weed. 

Algacese,*  al-ga'shc-e.  An  order  of 
plants  including  the  Alyee  or  sea- weeds. 
They  consist  of  leafless,  flowerless 
plants,  without  any  distinct  axis  of 
vegetation,  growing  in  water. 

Al*ysB,#al'je,  the  plural  of  Al'ga,  a 
“sea-weed,”  forming  the  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Fuca- 

CEA5. 

Al'^a-rotb.  [From  Victor  Algarotti , 
a physician  of  Verona.]  The  oxide  of 
antimony  in  the  form  of  a white  powder. 

Al-&e'do,  d'tm«.*[From  dXy og,  “pain.”] 
Violent  pain  about  the  urethra,  testes, 


ALG 


ALK 


bladder,  perinaeum,  and  anus,  caused  by 
sudden  stoppage  of  severe  gonorrhoea. 

Al'&id.  [Al'gidus;  from  al'yeo,  to 
“be  cold,”  to  “ sutler  from  cold.’’]  Chilled 
with  cold. 

Al'&id  C3iol'e-ra.  [Choi  era  Al'- 
gida.J  Applied  to  Asiatic  cholera,  on 
account  of  the  diminution  of  temperature, 
this  being  one  of  its  chief  characteristic 
symptoms. 

Al'gi-da  Fe'bris.*  A term  for  a ma- 
lignant remittent  fever,  the  Fievre  alyide 
(fe-ivR'  &lvzh£d')  of  the  continent,  char- 
acterized by  icy  coldness  on  the  sur- 
face. 

Al-go-i'deS.*  [From  al'ga,  a “sea- 
weed/’ and  dSo;,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
the  al'ga:  al'goid. 

Al'gor,  o'ri*.*  [From  al'yeo,  to  “ bo 
cold.”]  The  sense  of  coldness  in  the 
onset  of  fever : chillness.  See  Rigor. 

Al'i-ble.  [Alib'ilis;  from  a'lo , to 
“nourish.”]  Nutritious. 

Al'i-ca.*  [From  the  same.]  A kind 
of  grain  like  wheat,  supposed  to  be  spelt, 
from  which  the  ancients  made  their 
tisanes  ; also  a kind  of  pottage  made  of 
this. 

Alices,*  al'e-sez.  [From  aXt£o>,  to 
“sprinkle.”]  Spots  on  the  skin  pre- 
ceding the  eruption  of  small-pox. 

A'lien-ate,  or  A'lien-at-ed.  [Alie- 
iia'tus;  from  alie'no , aliena’ turn,  to  “es- 
trange,” to  “ withdraw,”  to  “ put  away.”] 
Applied  in  Botany  to  first  leaves,  which 
give  way  to  others  different. 

Alienation,  al'yen-a'shun.  [Alie- 
na'tio,  ©'mis/  from  the  same.]  Any 
species  of  derangement  or  wandering  of 
toe  mind. 

Aliena'tion  of  Mind.  Applied 
more  especially  to  insanity , as  distinct 
from  derangements  symptomatic  of  some 
other  disease,  as  delirium,  etc. 

Al'i-form.  [Alifor'mis;  from  a'la , 
a “wing.”]  Having  the  form  of  a wing: 
pterygoid. 

Al'i-mant.  [Alimen'tum ; from 
a'lo,  to  “nourish.”]  That  which  affords 
nourishment.  See  Alitura,  Pabulum. 

Al-i-men'ta-ry.  [Alimenta'rius ; 
from  a'lo , to  “nourish.”]  Pertaining 
to  aliment;  nourishing. 

Alimen'tary  Ca-nal'.  The  entire 
passage  (from  the  mouth  to  the  anus) 
through  which  the  aliment  or  food 
passes. 

Alimen'tary  Duct.  [Duc'tus  Ali- 
menta'rius.] A name  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  thoracic  duct. 

Al-i*men-ta'ti©n.  [Alimenta'tio, 


o'nis;  from  alimen'tum.]  The  act  of 
taking  or  receiving  nourishment. 

Al-I-pse'nos,*  Al-I-pae'nus.*  [From 
a,  priv.,  and  \nuxivoj,  to' “make  fat.”] 
Applied  to  very  lean  persons;  also  to 
dry  external  remedies,  as  powders,  etc. 

Alipede,  al'e-ped.  [Al'ipes;  from 
a’la,  a “ wing,”  and  pes,pe’ dis,  a “ foot.”] 
Having  winged  feet.  See  Cheirop- 
TERUS. 

A-lis'fiiia  Plan-ta'g’O,*  or  Plan- 
ta'go  A-quat'i-ca.*  The  water-plan- 
tain,  a medicinal  plant  formerly  regarded 
as  efficacious  in  cases  of  hydrophobia. 

Al-is-ina'ceous.  [Allsma'ceus ; 
from  alis'ma,  the  “water-plantain.”] 
Having  an  arrangement  similar  to  that 
in  the  alis'ma.  In  the  plural  feminine 
( Alismacese , al-is-ma'she-e)  applied  to  a 
natural  order  of  plants. 

A-lis'moid.  [Alismoi'dcs;  from 
alis'ma,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling the  alisma. 

Al-I-splie'noid.  [Alisplicnoi'dcs ; 

from  a'la,  a “wing,”  and  os  sphenoi'des , 
the  “sphenoid  bone.”]  Applied  by 
Owen  to  the  middle  or  great  wing  of  the 
sphenoid  bono. 

Al-I-tu'ra.*  [From  a’lo,  al’itum,  to 
“nourish.”]  The  process  of  assimilation 
or  nutrition;  food  or  nourishment;  ali- 
ment. 

Alizarin,  or  Alizarine,  4-liz'a-rin. 
[Alizari  na.]  A coloring  matter  ex- 
tracted from  madder  ( Ru'bia  tincto'rum), 
called  in  France  alizari  (&'levz&'re'). 

Al'ka-iiest.  The  pretended  universal 
solvent  or  menstruum  of  the  ancient 
chemists.  But,  if  it  dissolves  all  sub- 
stances, in  what  vessels  can  it  be  con- 
tained ? 

Al-ka-Ies'^ent.  [Alkales'cens ; 

from  aVkali,  and  -es'co,  a Latin  termina- 
tion signifying  to  “grow,”  to  “become.”] 
Having  slightly  alkaline  qualities  : be- 
coming alkaline. 

Alkali,  al'ka-le.  [From  the  Arabic 
al,  definite  article,  and  ka’li,  the  plant 
from  which  soda  was  first  obtained.] 
A substance  of  peculiar  properties, 
uniting  with  acids  in  definite  propor- 
tions, thus  forming  salts,  and  having 
the  power  to  change  vegetable  blues  to 
green.  It  may  be  said  to  be  the  reverse 
of  an  acid,  the  properties  of  which,  by 
combination,  it  neutralizes. 

Al'kali,  Caus'tic.  [Al'kali€aus'- 
ticum,]  An  alkali  in  a pure  state ; in 
which  it  possesses  strong  caustic  powers. 
Usually,  caustic  potash. 

Al'kali,  Fixed.  Applied  to  potash 
31 


ALK 


ALL 


and  soda,  because  they  are  permanently 
in  a solid  state. 

Al  kali,  Fos'sil;  Al  kali,  Mm'e- 

val.  Other  names  for  soda. 

Alkali,  Fhlo-gis'ti-cat-eil;  Al'- 
kali,  Prussian.  Applied  to  a fixed 
alkali  when  mixed  with  an  animal  sub- 
stance, and  lixiviated,  because  it  is  then 
found  to  be  saturated  with  Prussic  acid; 
and  from  a former  theory  of  this  com- 
bination it  received  the  first  name. 

Al'kali,  Veg-'c-la-Me.  Another  term 
for  ,*  otash. 

A 1' kali,  Aol'a-talc.  Another  name 
for  ammonia,  given  on  account  of  its 
volatile  nature. 

Al-ka-ligf'eEii-miis.  [Alkali^'caus; 
from  al'kali,  and  yewau,  to  “ generate. ”] 
Producing  alkaline  qualities. 

Al-ka-lim'e-ter.  [Alkalfm'e- 
truiii;  from  al’kali,  and  pkrpov,  a 
“ measure/’]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  quantity  of  alkali  in  impure 
potash  or  soda. 

Al-ka-lim'e-try.  [Alkalfme'tria ; 

from  al’kali,  and  pcrptoj,  to  “measure.”] 
The  process  by  which  the  amount  of 
free  alkali  in  various  substances  is  de- 
termined. 

Al'ka-line.  [Alkali'niis ; from 
al'kali .]  Having  the  properties  of  an 
alkali. 

Al-ka-lin'i-ty.  [Alkalin'itas, 

The  peculiar  properties  of  an 

alkali. 

Al-kal-i-za'tion.  [ Alkaliza'tio.] 

The  act  of  imparting  alkaline  qualities. 

Al'ka-loRl.  [ABkaloi'des;  from 
al'kali,  and  dcog,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
an  alkali.  Applied  as  a noun  to  the 
alkaline  principles  found  in  vegetables. 

Al'ka-na,  or  Al'ca-na.  The  name 
of  the  root  and  leaves  of  the  Lauso'nia 
Iner'mis,  a plant  employed  in  the  East 
for  dyeing  the  nails,  teeth,  hair,  gar- 
ments, etc.  See  Henxe. 

Al'ka-net  Root.  [From  the  Arabic 
al'kanah,  a “reed.”]  The  root  of  the 
Anchusa  Tinctoria,  which  see. 

Alkekenge,  al'ke-kenj.  Winter- 
cherry;  the  fruit  of  the  Phi/ s’ alls  Alke- 
kengi,  used  in  nephritis,  dysuria,  as- 
cites, etc. 

Alkohol.  Sec  Alcohol. 

Alla-nate.  The  name  of  a mineral 
containing  cerium,  found  in  Greenland, 
and  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Allan,  who 
first  distinguished  it  as  a species. 

Al-lan-to'ic.  [ Allanto'icus ; from 
allan’tois .]  Relonging  to  the  allan- 
tois. 


Allanto'ic  A^'id.  The  substance 
Allantoin. 

Al-lan'toid.  [ Allantoi'des ; from 

dXXdg,  dXXd^Tog,  and  ridog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a sausage. 

Allan  toid  Mem  brane.  A mem- 
brane communicating  with  the  bladder 
by  the  urachus,  and  containing  the  foetal 
urine : it  exists  in  almost  all  the  Mam- 
malia. Also  termed  Allantois. 

Al-laav'to-m.  [Allantoi'na ; from 
allan’tois.]  The  nitrogenous  constituent 
of  the  urine  of  the  foetus  of  the  cow. 
Also  termed  Allantoic.  Acid. 

Al-lan'to-is,  i’dis*  [From  aXXag, 
dXXai/Tog,  a “ sausage,”  and  eitiog,  a “ form.”] 
The  human  allantois  is  a small,  very 
vascular  vesicle,  sprouting  from  the  end 
of  the  embryo.  Also  synonymous  with 
Allantoid  membrane. 

Al-lan-to-tox'X-citm.*  [From  dX- 
Xag,  and  to^ikov,  a “poison.”]  A poison 
developed  in  putrid  sausages  made  of 
blood  and  liver,  often  proving  speedily 
fatal. 

Alliaceous,  al-le-a'shus.  [Allia'- 
ccms  ; from  alflium.~\  Of  the  nature  of 
garlic. 

AlTi-itin.;;:  [From  dXlopai,  to  “avoid ;” 
because  of  its  offensive  smell.]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  and  U.  S.  Ph.) 
of  Allium  sativum.  A Linnman  genus 
of  the  class  Hexandria,  natural  order 
Liliaceze. 

Ariiictti  €e'pa.?  The  common  onion. 

Allium  Por'rnm.9  The  leek. 

Al'liiiin  Sa-ti'vuin.*  Garlic. 

Al-loe-o'sis.*  [From  dXXo’dco,  to 
“alter.”]  A constitutional  change. 

Al-lo-path'ic.  [Allopath' icus.] 
Belonging  to  allopathy. 

Al-lopa-tliy  [Allopathi'a;  from 
liXXog,  “other,”  and  niXog,  “affection”]; 
written  also  Al-l«e-op'a-thy.  The 
curing  of  a diseased  action  by  inducing 
a different  kind  of  action,  yet  not  neces- 
sarily diseased.  See  Homoeopathy. 

Al-lo-trl-oph  'a-&y.  [Allot  rio- 
pha'jg’ia;  from  dXXorpiog,  “another’s,” 
“foreign,”  “not  proper,”  and  0uyw,  to 
“eat,.”]  Depraved  appetite,  or  a desire 
for  improper  food. 

Al-Io-trop'ic.  Pertaining  to  Allo- 
tropism. 

Al-lot'ro-pi&m.  [Allotropis'mns ; 

from  uXXo?,  “other,”  and  rpoirfi,  “conver- 
sion.”] The  existing  of  the  same  com- 
pound in  two  or  more  conditions,  with  dif- 
ferent physical  and  chemical  properties; 
as  sulphur  melted  at  a high  temperature, 
which,  before  bright  yellow  and  brittle, 


32 


ALL 


ALP 


becomes  dark,  tenacious,  and  may  be 
drawn  out  into  threads  like  caoutchouc. 

AMox'au.  A new  product  obtained 
in  the  oxidation  of  uric  acid  by  nitric 
acid. 

Al-lox'a-nate.  [Allox 'an as,  a'/?‘s.] 
A combination  of  alloxan ic  acid  with  a 
base. 

AS-lox-an'ac.  [Alloxan'acns;  from 
allox'an.]  Of  or  belonging  to  the  pro- 
duct alloxan.  Applied  to  an  acid  into 
which  alloxan  is  converted  when  brought 
into  contact  with  soluble  alkalies. 

Al-lox-aii'tiii.  [Alloxanti'na.] 
A substance  obtained  by  boiling  and 
evaporating  a concentrated  solution  of 
alloxan. 

Al-loy'.  [Fr.  aloyer,  to  “mix  metals.”] 
A combination  of  any  two  metals,  ex- 
cepting mercury,  etc.,  the  least  valuable 
being  called  the  alloy.  See  Amalgam. 

All  spice.  The  fruit  of  the  Myrtus 
pimenta. 

Al-lu'vi-al.  [Allnvia'lis ; from  al- 
lu'vium .]  Applied  to  rocks  or  beds  of 
recent  formation,  which  still  acquire  the 
matter  deposited  by  the  waters. 

AMii'vi-uiii.':  [From  al'lno,  to 

“wash.”]  The  formation  of  new  earths 
or  islets  by  the  action  of  water  accumu- 
lating mud  and  debris  in  particular 
situations. 

Almand,  &'mand.  [Amyg'dala.  Fr. 
amande,  &vmoNd'.]  The  fruit,  both  bitter 
and  sweet,  of  the  Amygdalus  communis. 

Al'mond-Oil.  A bland,  fixed  oil, 
obtained  usually  from  bitter  almonds 
by  the  action  of  a hydraulic  press,  either 
cold,  or  by  means  of  hot  iron  plates. 

Al'mond-Tree.  The  Amygdalus 
communis. 

Al'monds  of  tlie  Ears.  The  small 
external  glands  near  the  ears.  See 
Amygdalae. 

Al  monds  of  tlie  TSiroat.  The 
tonsils. 

Alims.*  The  Alder;  a tree  of  the 
order  Betulacese. 

ATaius  GlM-ti-Mo'sa.*  A tree  grow- 
ing in  many  parts  of  Europe.  The 
leaves  and  bark  are  bitter  and  astrin- 
gent, and  as  a tonic  are  used  in  intermit- 
tent fevers. 

Al'irns  Ser-rat'u-la.*  The  Ameri- 
can alder,  possessing  properties  like  the 
preceding. 

AI'o-e,*  gen.  Al'o-e&,  in  English 
Aloes,  al'oz.  A genus  of  plants  of 
the  order  Asphodeliee,  characterized  by 
an  intensely  bitter  taste,  belonging  to 
Uie  Linngean  class  Hexandria,  natural 
4 


order  Liliacese  (or  Asphodelese  of  some 
writers). 

Aloe  Bar-l>a-dejt'sis.*  The  Phar 
macopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph.)  of  Barba- 
does  aloes,  or  inspissated  juice  of  the 
cut  leaf  of  the  Aloe  vulgaris. 

Al'oe  €a- pen 'sis.*  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  ( U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  inspissated 
juice  of  the  leaves  of  Aloe  spicala,  and 
of  other  species  of  Aloe. 

Al'oe  Me-pat  l-ca.*  The  name  of  a 
kind  of  aloes  the  source  of  which  is  un- 
certain. 

Al'oe  Per-fo-li-a'ta.*  The  tree 
formerly  believed  to  yield  Socotrine 
aloes. 

Al'oe  Soc-o-tri'na.*  (“Socotrino 
Aloes.”)  The  Pharmacopceial  name  || 
of  Socotrine  aloes,  obtained  from  tho 
Al'oe  Socotri'na  (U.S.  Ph.);  but  accord- 
ing to  the  British  Pharmacopoeia,  from 
one  or  more  undetermined  species. 

Al'oe  Spi-ca'ta.*  The  tree  which 
yields  a kind  of  aloes  used  in  place  of 
the  Socotrine. 

Al'oe  Vul-ga'ris.*  The  tree  believed 
to  afford  common  hepatic  alocf;,  but 
said  (Lond.  Ph.,  1851)  to  be  from  an  un- 
certain species. 

Aloes,  al'oz.  The  English  name  for 
the  juice  of  the  several  species  of  Aloe, 
reduced  to  an  extract. 

Aloes,  Socotrine.  See  Aloe  Soco- 

TRIXA. 

Al'oes  Wood.  A fragrant  resinous 
substance,  consisting  of  the  interior  of 
the  trunk  of  the  Aquilaria  ovata  and  A. 
ag  allodium. 

Al-o-et'ic.  [Aloet'icns;  from  Al'oe, 
“ aloes.”]  Applied  to  any  medicine  con- 
taining a large  proportion  of  aloes. 

A!-o-g'Ot'rO“g>lB y.  [Alog-otro'pliia ; 

from  ttAoyo?,  “without  proportion,”  and 
rpi^w,  to  “nourish.”]  Applied  to  the 
morbid  or  excessive  nutrition  of  any 
part. 

Al'o-in.  [Aloi'na.]  The  cathartic 
principle  of  aloes. 

AS  -©-pe'$i-a.*  [From  aX'^f,  a 
“fox,”  because  subject  to  loss  of  hair.] 
The  falling  off  of  hair  from  the  beard 
and  eyebrows,  as  well  as  the  scalp; 
baldness  the  effect  of  disease,  and  so 
distinct  from  Calvities : alop'ecy. 

Alonclii,  al-loo'che.  The  name  of  a 
gum  obtained  from  the  tree  of  the  Ca- 
nella  alba. 

Al'plii-ta*  [the  plural  of  aMiro  ^ 
“meal”].  Another  name  for  barley- 
meal;  barley-meal  fried. 

Al'plioid.  [Alplaoi'des;  from  al'- 
33 


ALP 


ALU 


phot,  a “skin-disease,”  and  ePog,  a 
“form.”]  Like  Alphos , as  Lepra  al- 
phoides. 

Al-plaon'sin.  [From  Alphon'so 
Fer'ri,  of  Naples,  its  inventor.]  An 
instrument  for  extracting  balls  from 
wounds. 

Al'plios,*  Al'plius.*  [From  dXtiog, 
“white.”]  A species  of  leprosy;  the 
Lepra  alphos. 

Al-ptoo'sis.*  [From  the  same.] 
Albino-skin. 

Al-pi'ni,  Bal  sa-m ti m . [After 
Prosper  Alpinus.]  The  “balsam  cf  Al- 
pinus.”  The  balsam  produced  by  the 
Amy r is  Gileadensis. 

Al-pin'i-a.**  [Named  in  honor  of  Al- 
pinus.]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Monandria , natural  order  Scitaminese. 

Alpin'ia  €ar>da*mo  itmm.$  The 
plant  said  (Lond.  Ph.  1836)  to  produce 
the  lesser  Cardamom  seeds,  formerly 
referred  to  the  Amomum  cardamomum , 
and  now  to  the  Elettaria  cardamomum. 

A1  terasit ia,*  al-ter-an'she-a.  See 
Alterative. 

Alteran'tia  Ner-vi'na.ii:  (“Nervous 
Alteratives.”)  A class  of  substances,  as 
spirituous  liquors  and  narcotics,  which 
produce  gradual  changes  in  the  brain, 
attended  by  disturbance  of  the  intellect- 
ual functions. 

Al'ter-a-tive.  [Al'terans;  from 

al'tero,  altera' turn,  to  “vary.”]  Applied 
to  medicines  (Lat.  Alteran'tia)  which  re- 
establish the  healthy  functions  of  the 
system  without  any  sensible  evacuation. 

Altern.  Moris  = Alter' nis  ho'ris.% 
“At  alternate  hours,”  — that  is,  every 
other  hour. 

Al-ter'nate.  [ Alterna'tus ; from 
alter' no,  to  “interchange.”]  Applied  to 
leaves  or  branches  recurring  by  turns 
with  those  of  the  opposite  side. 

Al-thse'a.*  [Gr.  aXOaia,  from  dXdco,  to 
“heal.”]  A Linnoean  genus  of  the  class 
Monad elphia , natural  order  Malvaceae. 
Marsh-mallow. 

Althse'a  The  marsh- 

mallow, the  root  of  which  is  ordered  for 
use  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  (Lond.  Ph.); 
the  leaves  and  root  (Ed.  and  Dub.  Ph.); 
and  the  flowers  and  root  (U  S.  Ph.). 

Al-tlie'in.  [Altluei'na;  from  al- 
thaJa.]  An  alkaline  substance  discov- 
ered in  the  marsh-mallow,  similar  to 
Asp  ar  ay  in. 

Al-tim'e-try.  [Altime'tria;  from 

al'tus , “high,”  and  /i£rpcw,  to  “measure.”] 
The  art  of  measuring  heights  or  alti- 
tudes. 

34 


Aludel,  al'oo-del\  A pear-shaped 
vessel  used  by  the  earlier  chemists,  re- 
sembling the  head  of  an  alembic,  with 
the  exception  of  the  beak,  etc.  A series 
of  these  vessels,  joined  together,  is  used 
for  distilling  mercury  in  Spain. 

Al'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of  a'la,  a 
“wing.”]  A little  wing.  Applied  in 
the  plural  ( al'ulse ) to  the  membranous 
scales  above  the  halteres  in  certain 
Diptera,  and  under  the  elytra  of  some 
aquatic  Coleoptera. 

Al'imi.  [From  alu'men. ] The  Per- 
sulpjhas  aluminas  et  potassae.  See  Alu- 

MEX. 

Al  um,  Am-ma-nl'a-cal,  is  a double 
salt,  consisting  of  the  sulphates  of  am- 
monia and  of  alumina,  in  which  ammo- 
nia takes  the  place  of  the  potassa  of 
common  alum. 

Al'um  Curd  of  Ri-ve'ri-us.  [Al- 
tm'men  Alumino'sum.]  A eoagulum 
formed  by  briskly  agitating  a drachm  of 
alum  with  the  white  of  an  egg. 

Al'um  Oint'ment.  A preparation 
consisting  of  common  turpentine,  lard, 
and  powdered  alum. 

Al'um  Wa  ter.  A solution  of  alum 
in  water,  used  by  painters  in  water- 
colors. 

Al'um  Whey.  [Se'rum  Aliimin* 

o'sum.]  A whey  made  by  boiling  two 
drachms  of  alum  with  a pint  of  milk, 
and  then  straining. 

Al-u'men,4  gen.  A!-u'min-is.  Alum. 
The  Sulphas  aluminae  et  potassae,  a double 
or  sometimes  a triple  salt,  consisting  of 
sulphuric  acid  and  alumina,  with  either 
potassa  or  ammonia,  or  frequently  both. 
The  aluinen  of  the  Pharmacopoeias  is 
prepared  from  schistose  clays.  In  Italy 
this  salt  is  procured  from  alum  stone,  a 
mineral  substance  occurring  in  most 
volcanic  districts. 

Alu'men  Ex-sic-ea'tum  vel  Is'- 
turn.*  Dried  alum  (or  burnt  alum);  the 
Pharmacopoeial  name  of  alum  when  it 
has  undergone  watery  fusion  and  parted 
with  all  its  water  of  crystallization  by 
the  action  of  heat.  Its  chief  use  is  as 
an  escharotic  for  destroying  fungous 
flesh. 

Alu'men  Ro-ma'num.*  Roman 
alum;  the  purest  variety  of  alum,  con- 
taining no  ammonia  in  its  composition. 

Alu'men  Ru'pe-um.*  [From  ru'pes, 
a “rock.”]  Roche  or  rock  aluin.  A 
variety  of  alum  brought  from  lloccha, 
formerly  called  Edessa,  in  Syria  That 
which  is  sold  under  this  name  is  common 
English  alum,  artificially  colored. 


ALU 


AMA 


A-lu'mi-na.*  [From  alu'men/* alum/’] 
The  base  of  alumen : al'umine. 

A-lu-mi-ua'tus.*  Containing  alu- 
men: alu'minated. 

A-lu-mm-if  er-ous.  [Aluminif 
erus ; from  alu'men,  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  alum. 

Aluminium.  See  Aluminum. 

Al-u'min-ous.  [Alumino'sus ; 
from  alu'men .]  Pertaining  to  alum. 

A-lu'mi-num.*  The  metallic  base  of 
Alumina,  sometimes  spelled  Aluminium. 

Al  ums.  [Alu  mina,  the  plural  of 
Alu'men.]  A group  of  salts  having  a 
constitution  similar  to  that  of  common 
alum. 

Alun,  5,'Iuno'.  The  French  term  for 
Alum.  See  Alumen. 

A-lu'si-a.*  [From  aXi3a),  to  “become 
insane.”]  Hallucination;  illusion;  men- 
tal deception,  error,  or  misconception. 

Alu'sia  Elatio*  (e-la'she-o).  Senti- 
mentalism, or  mental  extravagance.  See 
Elation. 

Alu'sia  Ilyp-o-clfooawlri'a-sis.* 

Low  spirits,  or  hypochondriacism. 

Alutaceous,  al-u-ta'shus.  [Aluta'- 
ccus;  from  alu'ta , “dressed  leather.”] 
Applied  to  the  leaves  of  plants  resem- 
bling a soft,  tanned  skin. 

Alv. Adst.  — Al'vo  Adstric'ta.%  “The 
bowels  being  bound.” 

Al-vc-a'ri-um.*  [From  alvea're , a 
“beehive.”]  That  part  of  the  external 
meatus  of  the  ear  where  the  cerumen  is 
secreted. 

Al-ve'o-lar.  [Alveola' ris.]  Be- 
longing to  the  alveoli , or  sockets  of  the 
teeth. 

Al-ve'o-lar  Structure.  A term 
applied  by  Hewson  to  minute  superficial 
cavities  found  in  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  stomach,  oesophagus,  and  small 
intestine,  and  which  he  compared  to  the 
cells  of  honeycomb.  They  are  distinct 
from  the  follicles. 

Al-ve'o-late.  [ Alveola' tus ; from  al- 
ve'olus.\  Having  little  troughs  or  cavities. 

Al-ve'o-li.*  [See  Alveolus.]  The 
alveolar  processes,  or  the  sockets  of  the 
teeth.  Hence  the  term  alveolar  as  ap- 
plied to  the  arteries  and  veins  of  the 
sockets  of  the  teeth. 

Al- ve'o-li-fforau.  [ Alveolifor'mis ; 
from  alve'olus.]  Formed  like  alveoli. 

Al-ve'o-lus,*  plural  Al-ve'o-li. 
[Diminutive  of  al'veus.]  A little  hollow. 
The  socket  of  a tooth,  or  other  cavity. 

Al've-us.*  [From  al'vus , the  “belly.”] 
A trough  or  channel;  any  large  hollow, 
such  as  the  hold  of  a ship.  Applied  to 


tubes,  canals,  especially  their  enlarged 
portions,  through  which  some  fluid  flows. 

Al'veus  Am.jmR^s'^ens.5'  [See 
Ampulla.]  The  dilated  portion  of  the 
thoracic  duct  at  its  commencement  from 
the  receptaculum  chyli. 

Al'veus  Conn -munis.*  The  com- 
munication of  the  ampullae  of  the  semi- 
circular canals  of  the  ear. 

Al'vl-du'ca.*  [From  al'vus , the 
“belly,”  and  du'eo,  to  “lead,”  to 
“move.”]  Medicines  which  promote 
evacuation  of  the  contents  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

Al-  vi- flux'  us.*  [From  al'vus , the 
“belly,”  and  flu’ o,  flux' urn,  to  “flow.”] 
Diarrhoea;  a flux  or  discharge  of  the 
contents  of  the  intestines. 

Al'vlne.  [Alva'inus;  from  al'vus.'] 
Belonging  to  the  belly,  stomach,  or  in- 
testines. 

Al'viaie  Con-cre'tion.  [Enterol- 
itftms.]  A calculus  in  the  stomach  or 
bowels.  See  Bezoar. 

Al'vus.*  The  belly,  stomach,  paunch, 
or  intestines.  See  Abdomen,  Venter. 

Al'vus  As-tric'ta.*  [From  astriW go, 
astric'tum , to  “bind.”]  A costive  state 
of  the  bowels. 

Al'vus  €o-ac'ta.*  Literally,  hard- 
bound belly.  The  state  of  costiveness. — 
(Celsus.) 

Al'vus  Flu '1-da.*  A loose  state  of 
the  bowels. 

Amadou  (Fr.),  &'m&-doo'.  Literally, 
“touch-wood,”  a kind  of  fungus.  A 
substance  used  in  graduated  compresses  ; 
also  to  support  varicose  veins,  and  pro- 
tect abraded  surfaces,  etc. 

A-mal'gam.  [ Amal'g,amraa ; from 
'ana,  “together,”  and  yaflu,  to  “espouse.”] 
A combination  of  mercury  with  any  other 
metal. 

A-mal-ga-ma'tiou.  [Amalg,aaima/- 
tio,  o'w«‘s.]  The  process  of  combining 
mercury  with  a metal,  or  forming  an 
amalgam. 

A-matiitm.  [Amamti'ima;  from 
dfiayirai,  “fungi,”  or  “mushrooms.”] 
The  poisonous  principle  of  fungi. 

A-ma'ra.*  [Neuter  plural  of  ama'- 
rus,  “bitter.”]  Bitters;  medicines  with 
a bitter  flavor  and  tonic  property,  as 
chamomile,  gentian,  etc. 

AmaraiD  t Bnacese,*  am  - a-ran  - th  a'  - 
she-e,  or  Am-a-rana-ta'ce-se.*  [From 
am ar an' thus,  or  amaran'tus.]  A natural 
order  of  plants,  mostly  tropical.  It 
comprises  the  Amaranthus  and  other 
flowers  which  are  always  dry  and  not 
liable  to  fade. 


35 


AMA 


AME 


Am-a-ran ' tli i ,*  the  plural  of  Ama- 
ran'tbiis.  A natural  order  of  plants. 
See  Amaranthace,®. 

Am-a-ran 'tli  ats.-’  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
Hapatvci),  to  “wither,”  or  “fade.”]  A 
genus  of  plants  with  unfading  flowers. 
Written  also  Amaran'tus. 

Am'a-rftn.  [Amari'iaa;  from  ama'- 
rus,  “bitter/’]  The  bitter  principle  of 
vegetables. 

Am-a-ryl-li-<ta'cese*  (-da'she-e).  A 
natural  order  of  plants,  including  the 
Amaryl’lis. 

Amatoria  Feba*is.  See  Chlorosis. 

Am-a-to'ri-ns.*  [From  a’mo,  ama’- 
tum,  to  “love.”]  Belonging  to  love: 
am'atory.  Applied  to  the  oblique  muscle 
of  the  eye,  used  in  ogling. 

Anai-an-a*©'sis.*  [From  dya"p6w,  to 
“darken.”]  Partial  or  total  loss  of  vision, 
from  paralysis  of  the  retina,  usually  at- 
tended with  paralysis  and  dilatation  of 
the  iris,  though  occasionally  it  is  rigidly 
contracted.  It  is  also  termed  Gut’ta 
serc'na.  The  term  Amaurosis  was  origin- 
ally used  in  the  sense  of  obscurity  or 
dimness  of  vision;  but  now  it  is  em- 
ployed to  denote  a particular  disease. 

Am-au-rot'ic.  [Amaurot'icus.] 
Belonging  to  amaurosis. 

Am'be.*  [Gr.  d^r),  a “ rising,”  “ some- 
thing elevated.”]  An  old  machine  for 
reducing  dislocations  of  the  shoulder. 

Amber.  [Snc'$umm.]  A trans- 
parent bituminous  substance,  of  a yellow 
or  orange  col  >r,  having  electric  proper- 
ties; anciently  called  rjXeKTpor,  whence  the 
word  electricity . 

Am'ber,  A^'M  ©f,  or  $uc-$iai'io 
Acid,  is  obtained  from  amber  by  dry 
distillation.  It  is  a delicate  reagent 
for  separating  red  oxide  of  iron  from 
compound  metallic  solutions. 

Am'ber  Cam'phor.  A yellow,  light 
sublimate,  obtained  by  the  destructive 
distillation  of  amber  in  a retort  or 
alembic.  It  has  been  termed  volatile 
resin  of  amber. 

Ambergris,  or  Ambergrease,  am'- 
ber-gres.  [Aaiitoragri'sea;  from  the 
French  ambregris  (diCbr-gr^'),  or  “gray 
amber.”]  A concrete  bituminous  sub- 
stance, of  a grayish  or  ash  color,  inflam- 
mable, and  when  heated  emitting  a 
fragrant  odor.  It  is  found  about  the 
sea-coast  of  warm  countries,  or  floating 
on  the  surface  of  the  ocean,  also  in  the 
int  stines  of  the  Physeter  macrocephatus, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  a morbid  secretion 
of  that  and  perhaps  other  species  of  the 
Physeter.  Chiefly  valuable  as  a perfume. 


Am-bi-dex'ter.*  [From  am'bo, 

“both,”  and  dex'ter,  “right-handed,” 
“skilful.”]  One  who  uses  his  left  hand 
as  well  as  his  right. 

Am-toSo'sis.*  [From  d/x£A<5co,  to  “have 
an  abortion.”]  Miscarriage.  Hence  the 
term  amblot'ic  ( amblot'icus , plural  am- 
blot'ica),  as  applied  to  medicines  sup- 
posed to  cause  abortion. 

Am-bly-a'pEiI-a.*  [From  dp6\vg, 

“blunt,”  and  atpfi,  “sense  of  touch.”] 
Blunted  or  dulled  sense  of  touch. 

Am-My-o'pI-a.*  [From  dy$  Xu?, 

“blunted,”  and  wi//,  the  “eye.”]  Im- 
paired vision  from  defective  sensation  of 
the  retina;  incomplete  amaurosis,  or  tho 
weakness  of  sight  attending  certain 
stages  and  forms  of  this  disorder. 

Am'bon.*  [Probably  from  dvaSatva, 
to  “rise,”  to  “ascend.”]  Literally,  an 
“elevation.”  The  margin  of  the  sockets 
in  which  the  heads  of  the  large  bones 
are  lodged. 

Am'bre-ate.  [Ambreas,  a 'tie.]  A 
combination  of  ambreic  acid  with  a base. 

Am-bre'ie  A peculiar  acid 

obtained  by  digesting  ambrein  in  nitric 
acid. 

Am'bre-in.  [Ambrei'na;  from 

the  Fr.  ambre , “amber.”]  A fatty  sub- 
stance forming  the  base  of  ambergris, 
and  differing  slightly  from  cholesterin. 

Ambrosia,*  am-bro'zhe-a.  [From 
dfx^porog,  “immortal.”]  Literally,  the 
“food  of  the  gods,”  that  which  confers 
immortality  or  life.  Applied  to  several 
plants,  on  account  of  their  good  quali- 
ties, as  tansy,  wormwood,  etc.  Applied 
also  to  several  alexipharmic  medicines. 

A m-b ie -la'crum .*  [From  am'bnlo , 
to  “walk.”]  The  space  between  two 
etrigse , or  each  striga,  formed  by  the 
small  holes  on  the  shell  of  the  Echinus , 
as  of  a walk  or  path. 

Am'bu-lance.  [From  the  French 
ambulant,  “ambulatory.”]  The  kind  of 
movable  hospital  accompanying  an  army. 
In  popular  language,  a wagon  or  car- 
riage for  conveying  wounded  soldiers. 

Am-bus'tion.  [A  ill  blast  io,  o'nis  ; 
from  ambit’ ro,  ambus' turn,  to  “burn.”] 
A burn  or  scald  on  any  part  of  the  body. 

Am'e-lin.  [Ameli  na.]  A new  base 
precipitated  in  the  alkaline  solution  from 
which  melamin  has  been  deposited,  on 
being  supersaturated  with  acetic  acid. 

A-nien-o-ma'iii-a.*  [From  amoe’nus, 
“pleasant,”  and  A hybrid  term 

(half  Latin  and  half  Greek)  denoting  a 
gay  or  cheerful  form  of  mania. 

Amen»jnrbeea,*  a-men'o-re'a.  [From 


AME 


AMxN 


a,  priv.,  priv,  a “month,”  and  /5io>,  to 
“flow.”]  Absence  or  stoppage  of  the 
menstrual  discharge,  including  Emansio 
mensium  and  Suppressio  mensium. 

A-men ' ta,* the  plural  of  Amentum, 
which  see. 

Ameutacea?,*  am-en-ta'she-e.  [From 
amenta' ceus.  See  next  article.]  The 
Jussieuan  name  of  an  order  of  plants 
now  distributed  among  different  orders. 

A-men-ta'ceous.  [Amenta'ceus ; 
from  amen’tum .]  Having  an  amentum. 

Amentia,'^'  a-men'she-a.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  mens,  the  “mind.”]  Idiocy; 
fatuity ; imbecility  of  mind.  A genus  of 
the  order  Vesanise,  class  Neuroses,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology.  See  Dementia. 

A-men'tum,*  plural  A-men'ta. 
[From  uppa,  a “thong.”]  A catkin,  or 
imperfect  flower,  somewhat  like  a rope  or 
cat’s  tail.  Also  termed  Nucamentum. 

Ainer  (Fr.),  d'maiR'.  (“Bitter.”)  The 
bitter  principle  produced  by  digesting 
silk  in  nitric  acid. 

American  Balsam.  See  Balsam 
of  Peru. 

American  Gamble.  See  Gamboge. 

A-aner'i-can  Seaa'na.  The  common 
name  for  Cassia  Marilandica. 

Am'c-tliyst.  [AametSiys'tus;  from 
a,  priv.,  and  psdvoKco,  to  “make  drunk.”] 
A violet-colored  gem,  a species  of  rock 
crystal.  Its  name  is  derived  from  *its 
reputed  virtue  of  preventing  intoxica- 
tion: topers  were  formerly  in  the  habit 
of  wearing  it  about  their  necks.  It  con- 
sists almost  entirely  of  silica. 

Am-i-an'tSioid,  or  Aml-an't»id. 
[Amianthoi'des,  or  Amiant»i'des; 
from  amian'tkus  or  amian'tus,  a fossil, 
fibrous  stone.]  Resembling  amianthus. 

Amd-anlhns.^  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
piatw,  to  “defile.”]  Literally,  “that 
which  cannot  be  defiled;”  because  cloth 
made  of  it  could  always  be  purified  by 
burning.  Mountain  flax;  an  incombus- 
tible mineral,  consisting  of  very  delicate 
and  regular  silky  fibres.  See  Asbestos. 

Amide,  ahned'.  A saline  compound, 
in  which  a compound  of  nitrogen  and 
hydrogen  occurs,  containing  an  atom 
less  of  hydrogen  than  ammonia. 

Am  i-din.  [Amidi'na;  from  the 
French,  amidon,  “starch.”]  A substance 
intermediate  between  gum  and  starch, 
obtained  by  the  solution  of  the  latter  in 
aot  water. 

Amileii  or  Amilene,  am'e-len.  A 
liquid  hydro-carbon,  obtained  by  dis- 
tilling hydrate  of  oxide  of  amyl  repeat- 
edly with  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid. 

4* 


Ammi.  See  Sison  Ammi. 

Am-iiio'aii-a.*  The  volatile  alkan; 
ammoniacal  gas.  A transparent,  color  • 
less,  pungent  gas,  formed  by  the  union 
of  nitrogen  and  hydrogen.  By  Priestley 
it  was  called  alkaline  air ; it  is  called 
“the  volatile  alkali”  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  fixed  alkalies, — soda  and  pot- 
ash. Its  present  name  is  derived  from 
sal  ammoniac,  of  which  it  constitutes  a 
basis,  and  which  received  its  appellation 
from  being  first  prepared  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Ammonia,  in  Libya. 

Am-mo-ni'a-cal.  [Ammoniaca- 
15s.]  Belonging  to  ammonia. 

Ammoni'acal  Arum.  A double 
salt,  consisting  of  the  sulphate  of  am- 
monia and  alumina,  the  potassa  of  com- 
mon alum  being  replaced  by  ammonia. 

Ammon i'acal  Gas.  Ammonia,  the 
volatile  alkali. 

Am-mo-aii'a-cnm.*  [From  rAppa>v, 
a name  of  Jupiter,  who  had  his  temple 
in  a part  of  Libya,  where  the  tree  chiefly 
grew.]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
a gum  resin,  from  the  Dore'ma  ammoni'a- 
cum:  ammo'niac,  or  gum-ainmo'niac. 

Am-mo'aia-sc  JLI'^wohv-  (“  Liquor  of 
Ammonia.”)  The  name  of  the  concentrated 
solution  of  ammonia.  One  volume  of 
water  takes  up  about  750  times  its  bulk 
of  the  gas,  forming  a liquid  possessed  of 
similar  properties,  and  termed  spirits  of 
hartshorn  from  its  being  produced  by 
distillation  from  that  substance. 

Aanmoniatpi©,  am'mo'ne4k'.  The 
French  term  for  Ammonia,  which  see. 

Aan'mo-nite.  [Ammomi'tes;  from 
Jupiter  Am' mon  ; worshipped  as  a ram.] 
A kind  of  petrified  shell,  like  a horn  or 
snake.  From  its  resemblance  to  the 
horns  of  the  statues  of  Jupiter  Ammon, 
it  is  called  Cor'nu  Ammo'nis,  “horn  of 
Ammon.”  From  its  coiled  form  it  is 
popularly  known  as  snake-stone. 

Anra-ma'iraa-uim.*  The  supposed  me- 
tallic base  of  ammonia. 

Asamiosaim'et,  am-mon'yu-ret. 

[Ammaaaiuire'tiamo]  A combination 
of  ammonia  with  a metallic  oxide. 

Aiai-sie'sa-a,*  Am°im<es'ta-a.*  [From 
a , priv.,  and  pvmig,  “remembrance.”] 
Want  of  memory;  forgetfulness. 

Am'm-I,  The  fluid  con- 

tained in  the  amnion. 

[From  apvog , a “lamb.”] 
The  soft,  most  internal  membrane,  con-* 
taining  the  waters  which  surround  the 
foetus  inutero.  Also  called  Agnina  tunica. 

Am'aai-©-tate.  [Amni'otas,  aVo9.] 
Amniotic  acid  combined  with  a base. 

37 


AMN 


AMP 


Am-ni-ot'ic.  [Amnioi'icns.]  Per- 
taining to  the  amnion. 

Amiaiot'ic  A$'icL  Same  as  allan- 
toic acid. 

A-mo'me-us.*  Having  an  arrange- 
ment as  in  the  Amomum:  amo'meous. 

A-momum.*  [From  agojgog,  “ blame- 
less.”] A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Monandria , natural  order  Scitaminese. 

Amoimim  Car-da-mo'mimi.:i:  The 
former  name  of  the  lesser  Cardamom 
seed  plant;  now  ascertained  to  be  the 
Aljnnia  cardamomum. 

Amoimim  Gra'na  Par-a-di'si.^ 
Grains  of  Paradise  Amomum:  a plant  of 
the  order  Scitaminese,  the  fruit  of  which 
is  well  known  under  the  name  of  Grains 
of  Paradise  or  Mellegetta  Pepper. 

Amo'mui^i  Re'pesis.*  The  plant 
producing  the  Cardamom  seed ; but  this 
is  chiefly  obtained  from  the  Alpinia  car- 
damomum. 

Amo  mum  25iEi'gi-beiv;:*  The  ginger- 
plant,  or  Zingiber  officinale. 

A-mor'plai&m.  [Amorplais'ums ; 
from  a,  priv.,  and  gopph,  “form.”]  The 
state  of  being  amorphous. 

A-mor'plioias.  [ Amor'pEius ; from 
a,  priv.,  and  gopprj,  “form.”]  Wanting 
f>rm;  shapeless. 

A-mor'pIfious  Cfcm-nine'.  Th6  sub- 
stance Quinoidine ; so  named  because  its 
salts  cannot  be  crystallized.  See  Qui- 
nia. 

Am-pel'ic  A$'id.  An  acid  obtained 
by  Laurent  from  the  oils  of  bituminous 
schist.  The  term  ampelin  has  been  also 
applied  to  an  oily  matter  prepared  from 
the  same  substance. 

Am'pe-los-a'gri-a.*  [From  ag-neXog, 
a “vine,”  and  aypiog,  “wild.”]  The  Bry- 
onia alba,  or  wild  vine. 

Am-pliem-e-ri'na,*  or  Am-pBiim- 
e-ri'na.*  [From  dg<pi,  “on”  or  “by,”  and 
bycpa , a “day.”]  Applied  to  a fever, 
such  as  a quotidian  ague,  or  hectic,  oc- 
curring “day  by  day,” — that  is,  every 
day. 

Avn'plii {dgpi).  A Greek  preposition, 
signifying  “on  both  sides,”  “about;” 
sometimes  “on,”  “at,”  or  “by.”  It  is 
nearly  allied  to  agpw,  “both,”  and  to 
apfig,  “on  both  sides,”  “in  both  direc- 
tions,” around.” 

Am-plil-ar-ttiro'sis.**  [From  agpu), 
“both,”  and  apQpov,  a “joint,”  an  “ar- 
ticulation.”] A movement  partaking 
both  of  Diarthrosis  and  Synarthrosis,  as 
in  the  tarsal  and  carpal  bones,  and  the 
vertebra ». 

Am-pliib'I-o-llte,  or  Am-pliib'i-o- 

38 


lilfo.  [Amphibiol'ithus ; from  am- 

phib'ius,  and  \iOog,  a “stone.”]  A fossil 
relic  of  an  amphibious  animal. 

Am-phib-i-ol'o-gy.  [Amptiibi- 
olo'g-ia;  from  amphib'ius,  and  X oyog,  a 
“speech.”]  A treatise  on  amphibious 
animals;  the  science  of  amphibious 
animals. 

Am-pbib'i-us.*  [From  agpu),  “both,” 
or  apupi,  “on  both  sides,”  and  6ioo),  to 
“live.”]  Amphibious.  Applied  to  plants 
and  animals  that  live  in  both  elements, 
— on  land  or  in  the  water.  In  the  neuter 
plural  ( Amphib’ia ) it  forms  the  name 
of  the  second  class  of  the  Encephalata, 
or  vertebrated  animals.  The  animals 
of  this  class  commence  their  larva  state 
as  fishes,  and  undergo  various  degrees 
of  metamorphosis  in  advancing  to  the 
condition  of  reptiles. 

Am-pSis-di-ar-tbro'sis.*  [From 
apKpi,  “on  both  sides,”  and  didpQpuxng,  an 
“articulation.”]  Applied  to  the  articu- 
lation of  the  lower  jaw  with  the  tem- 
poral bone,  because  partaking  both  of 
the  nature  of  ginglymus  and  arthrodia. 

Am-ptii-ga'mi-us.*  [From  dp<pi, 
“on  both  sides”  (and  hence  “doubtful”), 
and  yapLog,  a “marriage.”]  In  the  neuter 
plural  ( Amphiga'mia ) applied  to  plants 
(the  Cryptogamia ) whose  fructification  is 
unascertained  and  may  be  of  both  sexes. 

Am-ptiip'o-dous.  [Ainphip'odus ; 
from  dg'pi,  “about,”  and  novg,  rroiog,  a 
“foot.”]  Having  feet  round  about. 
Applied  to  certain  Crustacea. 

AiBipbiscms,*  am-fish'e-us.  In  the 
plural,  Anapbiscii,  am-fish'e-i.  [From 
apLpi,  “on  both  sides,”  and  asia,  a “shade”  or 
“ shadow.”]  Having  their  shadow  to  the 
north  one  season,  to  the  south  another. 
Applied  to  the  people  within  the  Torrid 
Zone.  Amphis'cians. 

Am-pbis'to-mous.  [Ampbis'to- 
mus;  from  dgpi,  “on  both  sides”  or 
“both  ends,”  and  oroga,  the  “mouth.”] 
Applied  to  certain  Entozoa,  having  a cup 
at  each  extremity,  by  which  they  adhere 
to  the  intestines. 

Ani-pliat'ro-pal,  or  Am-phit'ro- 
poiis.  [Ampliit'ropus ; from  dgpi, 
“about,”  and  rfioneoj,  to  “turn.”]  Applied 
to  the  embryo  of  any  seed  when  it  ex- 
tends round  the  albmnen. 

Am'plio-ra.*  [From  dgP'i,  “on  both 
sides,”  and  pepo,  to  “carry;”  because 
carried  by  two  handles.]  An  ancient 
wine-vessel  with  two  auricles,  containing 
about  nine  English  gallons. 

Ain-pbbr'ic.  [Amplior'fctis.]  Be- 
I longing  to  the  amphora;  resembling  that 


AMP 


AMY 


of  an  amphora.  Applied  to  a sound 
(the  amphoric  resonance)  in  ausculta- 
tion, resembling  that  heard  on  blowing 
into  a decanter. 

Am-pIex-I-cau'Ils.*  [From  am- 
plec'tor,  ample*' us,  to  “surround,”  and 
cau'lis,  a “stem.”]  Surrounding  the 
stem:  amplex'icaul,  or  amplexicau'line. 

Am-pul'la,*  plural  Am-puM*.  A 
big-bellied  jug  or  bottle  used  by  the 
Romans  for  containing  wine.  In  Anat- 
omy, applied  to  the  trumpet-mouthed 
portions  of  the  semicircular  canals  of 
the  ear.  See  Alveus  Communis.  Also 
a small  membranous  bag  attached  to 
the  roots  and  immersed  leaves  of  certain 
aquatic  plants. 

ABiifHillaceous,  am-pul-la'shus. 

[Ampulla'ceus.]  Appearing  like  an 
ampulla. 

Am-pul'lu-la.*  [The  diminutive  of 
ampul'la.]  Applied  to  a canal  or  bag 
slightly  enlarged  in  the  centre. 

Am-pii-ta'tiou.  [Amputatio, 

o 'nis  ; from  am'puto , amputa'tum,  to 
“cut  off.”]  The  operation  of  cutting 
off  a limb,  or  projecting  part  of  the 
body,  as  the  breast,  etc. 

Am'u-let.  A supposed  charm  against 
infection  or  disease : such  are  anodyne 
necklaces,  used  in  teething  of  infants. 

A-my-e'H-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  apd 
H^e\5g,  “marrow,”  “spinal  marrow.”] 
The  condition  of  a monster  foetus,  born 
without  the  spinal  marrow.  Such  a 
foetus  is  said  to  be  amy'elous.  When 
the  encephalon  also  is  absent,  the  foetus 
is  termed  amyenceph'alous.  There  may 
be  absence  of  the  encephalon, — of  the 
cerebrum  and  cerebellum  only ; in  this 
case  the  foetus  is  called  anenceph'alous. 
Or  the  cerebrum  merely  may  be  in  a 
state  of  defective  development,  or  atro- 
phy, more  or  less  partial  or  extensive. 

Ainyelous.  See  preceding  article, 

A-my g'da-Sa.*  [Gr.  dpiytdXrj.]  The 
fruit  of  Arnyg' dalus  commu' nis,  the  sweet 
and  bitter  almond. 

A-myg'ila-lse*  (the  plural  of  the  pre- 
ceding). A popular  name  for  the  exte- 
rior glands  of  the  neck  and  for  the 
tonsils. 

Ainys'dahT  A-ma'rse,*  and  Amyg- 
dalae Dul'ces.*  Bitter  and  sweet  al- 
monds ; the  fruit  of  two  varieties  of  the 
Amyg'dalus  commu'nis.  The  bitter  al- 
mond contains  prussic  acid,  and  enters 
into  the  liquor  or  composition  called 
noyau. 

Amyg'dalae  Pla-cen'ta.*  “Almond- 
cake;”  the  substance  left  after  the  ex- 


pression of  the  oil,  which  when  groun  1 
forms  almond-powder,  so  generally  used 
for  washing  the  hands. 

Am-yg-tla'le-us.*  Having  an  ar- 
rangement as  in  the  Amyydalus.  Amyg- 
da'leous. 

Am-yg-dal'ic.  [Asnygdal'icus^ 

from  amyy'dala,  an  “almond.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  almond.  Applied  to  ar 
acid  obtained  from  amygdalin. 

A-myg-da-Sife-retis.  [Amygda* 
lit  rerus;  from  amyy'dala , an  “ almond, * 
and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing  almonds. 
Applied  to  a geode  with  a movable  kernel. 

A-myg'da-lin.  [ Amygdaliiia ; 
from  amyy'dala , an  “almond.”]  A 
white  crystalline  substance  obtained 
from  the  bitter  almond. 

A-myg'da-line.  [Amygdali'nus ; 
from  the  same.]  Belonging  to  the  almond. 

A-inyg-da-li  tis.  " [From  amyy'dalse , 
the  “tonsils,”  and  i'tis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.] Same  as  Tonsillitis. 

A-myg'da-loid.  [Amygdafioi'des; 
from  amyy'dala,  an  “almond,”  and  etSog, 
a “form.”]  Having  the  form  of  an 
almond. 

A-myg-da-loi'dal.  The  same  as  the 
preceding. 

A-myg'da-lus.*  [Gr.  dyvydaXog,  the 
“almond-trce.”]  A Linmean  genus  of 
the  class  Icosandria , natural  order  Ro- 
sace te. 

Amyg'dalus  Com -mu 'ills.*  The 

tree  which  yields  the  almond,  both  bitter 
and  sweet. 

Amyg'dalus  Per'si-ca.*  The  peach- 
tree. 

Am'yl.  The  hypothetical  radicle  of  a 
series  of  compounds,  of  which  the  hydrate 
of  the  oxide  has  long  been  known  as 
fusel  oil,  or  as  the  oil  of  grain-spirit  or 
jjotatoes,  as  it  is  produced  in  the  ferment- 
ation of  unmalted  grain  and  potatoes. 

Aanylacea  Corpora.  See  Neuro- 
Glia. 

Amylaceous,  am-e-la'shus.  [Amy- 
la'  ceus;  from  am'ylum..]  Starch-like. 

Am'y-lea.  A substance  obtained  by 
distilling  fusel  oil  with  chloride  of  zinc. 
It  is  a narcotic  poison. 

A-myl'ic.  [Amyl'icus;  from  am'- 
ylum, “starch.”]  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  starch. 

Amylm.  The  same  as  Amidin. 

Amy-loM.  [Amy  lot 'dies;  from 

am'ylum.]  Resembling  amylum,  or  starch. 

Amyloid  ©©generation.  See  Lar- 
daceoxjs  Degeneration. 

Am'y-lum.*  [Gr.  ayvXov,  “fine  meal.”] 
The  Pkarmacopoeial  name  ||  for  starch, 
39 


AMY 


ANA 


being  the  fecula  of  the  seeds  of  Triticum 
vulyare ; (Dub.  Ph.)  the  Seminis  feculse. 

Amy  lam  Ma-ran'tae.ii:  Arrow- 

root, — a nutritive  starch  prepared  from 
the  Maranta  arundinacese. 

Am'y-ous.  [Ain'yus;  from  a,  priv., 
and  fjLog,  nv6g,  a “ mouse ;”  also  a mus- 
cle.”J  Without  muscle ; fleshless. 

Amyridaceae,*  am-ir-e-da'she-e.  An 
order  of  dicotyledonous  plants,  abound- 
ing in  fragrant  resin. 

Am'y-ris.*  [From  a,  intensive,  and 
f ivfjos,  a “sweet-scented  juice.”]  A Lin- 
nman  genus  of  the  class  Octandria,  natu- 
ral order  Amyridaceae  (formerly  a divi- 
sion of  Terebinthaceae). 

Am'yris  El-e-mife-ra.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  which  yields 
gum-elemi. 

Am'yris  Cril-e-a-dcn'sis,  ? The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  which  affords 
balm  or  balsam  of  Gilead.  See  Alpini 
Balsamum. 

Aii  (av).  A Greek  particle  having  a 
privative  force.  See  A. 

Ana  (ava).  A Greek  particle,  signi- 
fying “through,”  “up  through,”  “up- 
wards,” “again:”  sometimes  “according 
to.” 

For  the  use  of  ana  in  medical  formu- 
laries, see  AA. 

An-ab'a-sis.**  [From  ava , “up,”  and 
tiaivw,  to  “go.”]  Literally,  an  “ascend- 
ing.” The  increase  of  a disease  or  of  a 
paroxysm.  See  Acme. 

Am-a-bat'ic.  [Anabat'ieas.]  Per- 
taining to  anabasis. 

Anacardiaeens,*  an-a-kar-de-a'she- 
us.  Having  an  arrangement  as  in  the 
Anacardium  (cashew-tree :)  anacardia'- 
ceous.  Applied  in  the  feminine  plural 
( Anacardiacese , an-a-kar-de-a'she-e)  to 
an  order  of  dicotyledonous  plants,  in- 
cluding the  cashew-tree,  the  sumach,  etc. 

An-a-ear'cii-imi.**  Anacardium  Oc- 
cidentals. Cashew-nut,  or  marking-nut. 
The  nut  contains,  between  its  rind  and 
shell,  a red,  inflammable,  and  very  caus- 
tic liquor,  or  oil.  See  Cashew-Tree. 

ABi'a-ea-tliar'sis.'^  [From  dva,  “up,” 
and  tcaOaipu),  to  “purge.”]  Literally,  a 
“purgation  upwards.”  A term  used  to 
denote  cough  with  expectoration,  or 
expectoration  simply. 

Aii-a-ca-thar'tic.  [Anacatliar'ti- 
cus;  from  the  same.]  Promoting  ex- 
pectoration or  vomiting. 

An-*v-cyc'lus  Pyr'edlmnn.*  The 
Pharmacopoeial  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.) 
name  for  Anthemis  Py rethrum. 

An-ail'TO-mous.  [Anad'roimis ; 

40 


from  dvd , “up,”  and  fyo/xog,  a “course.”] 
Swimming  up  into  rivers  from  the  sea. 

An-semi-a.*  [From  av,  priv.,  and 
aiya,  “blood.”]  Deficiency  of  blood: 
more  correctly  written  Anh^emia. 

An-asn  ic  (or  Anem  ic),  or  An-ae'- 
mi-al.  [Ansem'icos,  or  An^mialis; 
from  the  same.]  In  a state  of  anaemia. 

An-se-mot/ro-plty.  [From  anse'mia , 
and  T(.o(pri,  “nourishment.”]  By  this 
term  and  haemotr ophy  are  implied  simply 
a deficiency  and  an  excess  of  sanguineous 
nourishment.  Atrophy  and  hypertrophy , 
as  commonly  understood,  include  the 
idea  of  diminished  and  increased  magni- 
tude j while  anaemia  and  hypersemia  have 
reference  only  to  the  quantity  of  blood 
present,  without  regard  to  its  nutritive 
properties. — (Prout.)  See  Anaemia. 

Anaeroid.  See  Aneroid. 

AiisestlMMsia,*  an-es-the'se-a.  [Frc  m 
av , priv.,  and  dicBdvoyai,  to  “perceive,”  to 
“feel.”]  Loss  of  feeling  or  perception: 
an'aesthesy.  A genus  of  the  order  IJysacs- 
iliesiae,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ana?stlietic,  an-es-thet'ik.  [Anas- 
tbet'icus;  from  anaesthesia.^  Having 
no  perception  nor  sense  of  touch. 

Aisaestliet'ics.  [From  the  same.]  A 
term  applied  to  certain  medicines,  such 
as  chloroform,  ether,  <tc.,  having  the 
power  of  rendering  the  recipient  insen- 
sible to  pain. 

Anal.  [Ana'lis.]  Pertaining  to 

the  anus. 

An-a-lep'sis.*  [From  draXaixSdru),  to 
“take  again,”  to  “recover.”]  Recover- 
ing of  strength  after  sickness. 

Au-a-lep  tic.  [Aiialcp'tlcus:  from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  analcpsis. 

Analep'tics.  [From  the  same.]  Re- 
storative medicines. 

A-nal'O'gous.  [Anal'ogus:  from 
ard,  “according  to,”  and  og , “ratio” 
or  “proportion.”]  Literally,  “propor- 
tionate:” hence,  corresponding  to  in  a 
general  way. 

Analogue,  an'a-log.  [From  the 
same.]  Applied  in  Comparative  Anatomy, 
by  Owen,  to  a part  or  organ  in  one  ani- 
mal having  the  same  function  as  another 
part  or  organ  in  a different  animal. 

A-nal'o-gy-  [Analo'gia;  from  the 
same.]  The  relation  of  things  or  parts 
of  a different  nature,  but  similar  in  their 
function,  and  so  contradistinguished 
from  the  term  Homoloyy. 

A-nal'^-sis.*  [From  draXiuo,  to  “un- 
do.”] The  process  of  separating  any  com- 
pound substance  into  its  constituents- 

An-a-mir'ta  Coc'cu-lus*.*  Tho 


ANA 


ANA 


plant  which  affords  the  Oocculus  Indicus 
fruit  (Ed.  Ph.). 

An-ani-nes'tic,  An-ain-nes'ti-cal. 
[Aiiamnes'Ucus;  from  dvapvfioKa),  to 
“ recall  to  mind.”]  Recalling  to  memory. 

An-anilrous,  or  Au-andri-ons. 
[Anan'der,  or  Anan'il rius:  from  av, 
priv.,  and  dvfip , avdpog,  a “ man,”  a 
“male.”]  Applied  to  plants  which  have 
no  male  organs. 

Anapliroclisia,*  an-af-ro-diz'e-a* 
[From  av,  priv.,  and  dppodiaia,  “things 
pertaining  to  Venus.”]  Impotence; 
incapability  of  sexual  intercourse,  from 
whatever  cause. 

An-a-plas'tic.  [Anaplas'ticus.] 

Of  or  belonging  to  anaplasty. 

An'a-plas-ty.  [Anaplas'tia;  from 
dvd,  “again,”  and  TrXdaaio,  to  “form”  or 
“fashion.”]  Literally,  forming  anew. 
Surgical  operations  for  the  restoration 
of  lost  parts,  or  for  the  reparation  of 
certain  deformities  or  natural  defects  in 
the  structure  of  the  body. 

An-a-ple-ro'sis.*  [From  dvarrXrjpdcj, 
to  “fill  again,”  to  “supply.”]  The  sup- 
plement of  parts  destroyed,  as  in  wounds, 
cicatrices,  etc. 

An-a-ple-rot'ic.  [Anaplerot'a- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  anaplerosis;  sup- 
plementary. 

An-a-sar'ca.*  [From  dim,  “ through,” 
and  oap%,  the  “flesh.”]  Dropsy  in  the 
integuments  of  the  body.  General  dropsy, 
as  distinguished  from  dropsy  of  same 
particular  organ  or  part. 

An-a-stal  tie.  [Anastal'ticus;  from 
avd,  “upwards,”  and  art\\ oj,  to  “set,” 
“send,”  “contract.”]  Formerly  applied 
to  medicines  that  were  styptic. 

An-as'to-mo'sis.*  [From  ava,  “by,” 
“through,”  and  ardpa,  a “mouth.”]  The 
communication  of  branches  of  vessels 
with  each  other. 

An-as-to-mot  ic.  [Anastomot'i- 
cias.]  Of  the  nature  of  anastomosis. 

An-a-tom'I-cal.  [Anatom 'lens.] 

Belonging  to  anatomy. 

A-iinto-mist.  [From  dvd,  “through,” 
“up,”  and  Tspuoj,  to  “cut.”]  A dissector 
of  organized  bodies,  whether  human, 
brute-animal  (then  called  Zootomist),  or 
vegetable  (then  Phytotomist). 

A-iiat'o-my.  [Anato'mia;  from 
the  same.]  Generally,  the  dissection  of 
organized  bodies,  whether  human,  brute- 
animal,  or  vegetable. 

Anat'omy,  Ar-ti-fl^'ial.  [Anato'- 
mia  Artificia'lis.]  Imitated  dissec- 
tions in  wax,  etc. 

Anat'omy,  Com-par'a-tive.  [Ana- 


to'mla  fomparati  va.]  The  dissec- 
tion of  the  lower  animals,  plants,  etc., 
to  illustrate  those  general  principles  of 
organization  which  are  common  to  an 
order,  class,  grand  division,  etc. 

Anat  omy,  We*scrip  tive.  [Ana- 
to'mia  IH»seripti'va.]  Details  of  the 
situation,  form,  and  relative  attachments 
of  the  various  parts. 

Anat'omy,  Gen'e-ral.  [Anato'mia 
Genera'lis.]  Description  of  the  struc- 
ture and  nature  of  the  various  tissues, 
apart  from  any  consideration  of  the 
organs  they  compose. 

Anat  omy,  Hu  man.  [Anato'mia 
Iliiniaiia.]  Dissection  of  man. 

Anat  omy,  Mcd'i-cal.  [Anato'mia 
Meci'ica.]  Embracing  Descriptive,  Phy- 
siological, and  Pathological  Anatomy. 

Anat'omy,  Patli-o*log'i-cal.  [Ana- 
to'mia Patliolog'ica.]  The  investi- 
gation of  changes  in  the  structure  of 
organs  by  disease,  or  from  congenital 
malformation. 

A n at  o m y , PIb  y s-i-o-E  o£'i-ca  1 . 

[Anato'mia  Pliysioiog'ica.]  The 

examination  of  the  organs  of  animals  to 
understand  their  respective  functions 
in  the  healthy  state. 

Anat'omy,  Special.  [Anato'mia 
Specia'lis.]  Properly,  the  anatomy  of 
a single  species,  as  the  anatomy  of  man, 
of  the  horse,  etc. — Critvkilhier.  In 
this  sense  it  is  contradistinguished  from 
Comparative  Anatomy;  but,  according 
to  most  writers,  it  is  that  branch  of 
Anatomy  which  treats  of  the  particular 
organs  or  parts  (in  a state  of  health)  as 
contradistinguished  from  General  Anato- 
my, which  treats  of  the  tissues,  etc., 
common  to  the  various  organs. 

Anat'omy,  Surg  i-cal.  [An  a to'- 
mia Oiirur'gica.]  The  examination 
of  the  various  organs,  muscles,  nerves, 
and  blood-vessels,  their  precise  situa- 
tion and  relations  to  each  other,  with 
a special  reference  to  surgery. 

Anat'omy,  Tran-scen-den'tal, 
[ Anato'mia  Transcendenta'lis.] 
That  branch  of  Anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  development  of  parts,  their  analo- 
gies, their  primary  model  or  tj^pe,  ap- 
proximation to,  or  deviation  from,  that 
model;  also  termed  Philosophical 
Anatomy. 

An-at'ro-pons.  [Anat'ropns;  from 
d'-arpinw,  to  “subvert.”]  Applied  in 
Botany  to  the  ovule,  in  which  the  hilum 
and  internal  umbilicus  are  opposed  to 
each  other. 

An-au'di-sj.^  [From  av,  priv.,  and 
41 


ANA 


ANE 


dvJri,  “speech.”]  Dumbness;  privation 
of  voice ; catalepsy. 

An-a-zo-tu'rl-a.*  [From  av,  priv., 
azo'tum,  “azote,”  and  ovpou , “ urine. ”]  A 
variety  of  chronic  diuresis,  in  which  there 
is  a deficiency  of  urea.  See  Urea. 

Au'ceps.*  [From  am,  contraction  of 
dfi(p(,  “on  both  sides,”  and  ca'pio,  to 
“take,”  to  “compass.”]  Ancip'ital. 
Having  the  sides  sharp  like  a two-edged 
sword.  A term  used  in  Botany. 

An'cM-lups.*  [From  ayxi,  “near 
to,”  and  dip,  the  “eye.”]  Supposed  to  be 
a stage  of  fistula  lachrymalis  before  the 
inflamed  swelling  bursts;  afterwards 
called  segilops. 

Au'clao-iiie.'**  [From  ay\oj,  to  “stran- 
gle.”] The  sensation  of  strangling,  in 
hysteria. 

Au-cIko-ra'Eis.*  [From  an'chora,  an 
“anchor.”]  Applied  to  the  coracoid  pro- 
cess of  the  scapula.  See  Ancyroires. 

ABB~eliii'sa.*  [From  ay*w,  to  “choke,” 
to  “constringe  the  fauces.”]  A Linnsean 
genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , natural 
order  Bor  agin  ex. 

Aiiiciiu'saTmc-to'ra-a.-*  [From  tin*- 
go,  tine' turn,  to  “ dye.”]  Dyers’  alkanet; 
a plant  of  the  order  Boraginacex,  the 
root  of  which  abounds  in  the  red  color- 
ing-matter called  alkanet,  used  by  dyers; 
also  for  imparting  a deep  red  to  oils, 
ointments,  and  plasters. 

AaicEiusin,  an'ku-sin.  [AncliMsi'- 
na.]  A red-colored  principle  obtained 
from  Anchusa  tinctoria,  termed  by  some 
Anchusic  acid. 

Ancliyiosfs.  See  Ankylosis. 

Ancipitius,*  an-se-pish'e-us.  The 
same  as  Angers. 

An 'con.*  [From  dyrcuv,  the  “elbow.”] 
The  elbow;  the  olecranon  process  of  the 
ulna. 

An*conad.  Applied  the  same  as 
anconal  used  adverbially. 

An-conal.  [Ancona'lis.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  ancon.  Applied  by  Dr.  Bar- 
clay, of  Edinburgh,  in  his  proposed  no- 
menclature, as  meaning  towards  the 
ancon. 

Anconeus,'5  ang-ko-ne'us,  or  an-ko'- 
ne-us.  [From  an'con.]  Pertaining  to  the 
elbow.  Formerly  applied  to  various 
muscles  attached  to  the  olecranon;  now 
limited  to  one. 

Aii'eo-noid.  [Anconoi'des;  from 
anrcon,  and  zUog,  “a  form.”]  Resembling 
the  ancon. 

Ancyloglossia.  See  Ankyloglossia. 

Amyl  os  is.  See  Ankylosis. 

An-v*$r-ro-i'«lefc.*  [From  dyKvpa,  an 
42 


“anchor,”  and  zlSog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling an  anchor.  See  Anciioralis. 

An-dra-nat'o-my.  [Andranato'- 
mia;  from  avrip,  av6pog,  a “man,”  and 
dvaTipvoi,  to  “cut  up.”]  Dissection  of 
the  human  body,  particularly  the  male. 

Androgynous,  an-droj'e-nus.  [An- 
drogyyiius,  or  Androgyn'ius ; from 
ai/rip,  avdpog,  a “man,”  and  yvrfi,  a “wo- 
man.”] Partaking  of  both  sexes;  her- 
maphrodite. 

An'droM.  [Androi'dcs;  from  avfip, 
a “man,”  and  zidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a man. 

An-dro-ma'm-a.*  [From  dvrjp,  a 
“man”  or  “male,”  and  pavia,  “madness.”] 
Same  as  Nymphomania  or  Furor  uterinus. 

An-dropfla'o-rus.*  [From  dvi,p,  a 
“man”  or  “male,”  and  (frepo,  to  “bear.”] 
The  slender  pillar  which  supports  the 
united  anthers  in  monadelphous  and 
diadelphous  plants. 

An-drot'o-my.  [From  dvf/p,  a “man” 
or  “male,”  and  rzpvw,  to  “cut.”]  The  same 
as  Anrranatomy,  which  see. 

An'drum.*  [Probably  derived  from 
and,  a Hindoo  word  signifying  “tes- 
ticle.”] A species  of  hydrocele,  pecu- 
liar to  the  south  of  Asia,  and  described 
by  Kgempfer. 

Am-eii-lop'ter-us.*  [From  uvziXzw,  to 
“unroll,”  and  nrepov,  a “ wing.”]  Applied 
to  insects  with  four  wings,  the  two  supe- 
rior of  which  are  flexible:  aneilop'terous. 

A-nel-la'ta,*  or  A-ncl'li-des.*  [From 
anel'lus,  a “ little  ring.”]  The  fifth  class 
of  the  JDiploneura  or  Helmiuthoida,  con- 
sisting of  long,  cylindrical,  mostly  aquatic 
worms,  with  red  blood,  covered  with  a 
soft  and  more  or  less  segmented  and  an- 
nulated  skin.  The  earth-worm  belongs 
to  this  class.  Also  called  Annulata, 
Annulida,  and  Annelidans. 

Aneania.  See  Anaemia. 

Anaemic,  Aneamal.  See  Anaemic,  etc. 
An-e-mog'ra-pliy-  [Ancmogra- 

pliia;  from  avzpog,  “wind,”  and  ypfupo), 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  the  winds. 

Aii-e-inol'o-gy.  [Ancniolo'gia; 

from  avzpog,  the  “wind,”  and  Myoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  science 
of  the  winds. 

An-e-mom'e-ter.  [Anemom'o- 

H 5*11111 ; from  avzpog,  the  “wind,”  and 
pzTpzuy,  to  “measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  measuring  the  strength  or  velocity 
of  the  wind. 

Aii-e*mam'(Ntry.  [Aneiuoiiie- 

tria;  from  the  same.]  The  art  of  as- 
certaining the  rapidity  and  direction  of 
the  winds. 


ANE 


ANG 


A-nem'o-scope.  [Aiicmosco'pi- 

11111 ; from  avepog,  the  “wind,”  and  aKoneco, 
to  “examine.”]  An  instrument  which 
shows  the  direction  of  the  wind ; a 
weather-vane. 

Aii-eit-^e-plia  li-a.-  [From  av,  priv., 
and  eytdtpaXog,  the  “brain.”]  A kind  of 
foetal  monstrosity  characterized  by  ab- 
sence of  the  brain. 

An-en-se-plial'ic.  [Aneneeplaal'- 

icus ; from  the  same.]  Pertaining  to  a 
monster-foetus  born  without  a brain. 

An-en-$epli'a-lous.  [Anencepli'- 

alus.]  The  same  as  Anencephalic. 

An-en-$epli'a-lus.*  A monster- 
foetus  without  brains. 

An-en'ter-ous.  [Anen'terus;  from 
av,  priv.,  and  evrcpov , an  “intestine.”] 
Without  intestines. 

An-ep-i-tliym'I-a.*  [From  av,  priv., 
and  imdvpia,  “desire.”]  Loss  of  any  of  the 
natural  appetites,  as  hunger,  thirst,  etc. 

An'e-roid,  written  also  An'aeroid. 
[From  av,  priv.,  and  dhp,  “air.”]  A de- 
fective term,  meaning  “without  air.” 
See  next  article. 

An'eroid  or  An'aeroid  Ba-rom'e- 
ter.  An  apparatus  consisting  of  a flat, 
circular  box  of  some  white  metal,  having 
the  upper  and  under  surfaces  corrugated 
in  concentric  circles.  This  box,  being 
exhausted  of  air,  is  affected  by  every 
variation  of  pressure  in  the  atmosphere, 
the  corrugations  on  its  surface  giving  it 
greater  elasticity. 

Ail 'e-sis.*  [From  avirjpt,  to  “relax.”] 
A remission  or  relaxation  of  a disease 
or  symptom. 

A-ne'tlium.*  [Gr.  avrjQov.]  The 
Pharmacopceial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  of  Ane'~ 
thuni  grav'eolens,  or  dill. 

Ane'tlmm  Fce-nic'u-lum.*  Sweet 
fennel;  also  called  Foeniculum  dulce , F. 
Germanicum , F.  Vulgare  or  Officinale, 
Marathrum. 

Ane'tlmm  Grav'e-o-lens,*  Ane'« 
tli *1  in  Vul-ga're.*  The  common  dill 
plant. 

An-et'ic.  [Anet'icws;  from  dvsoig,  a 
“remission.”]  Applied  to  soothing  medi- 
cines. 

A-net'i-ca.*  Soothing  medicines. 
See  Anetic. 

An'e-tus.*  [From  dvang,  a “remis- 
sion.”] Applied  by  Dr.  Good  as  a ge- 
neric name  for  intermittent  fever. 

An-eu-ral'gi-con.*  [From  a,  priv., 
vevpov,  a “nerve,”  and  dXyog,  “pain.”] 
An  apparatus  used  by  Dr.  Downing  for 
applying  warmth  and  sedative  vapor  for 
relief  of  neuralgia. 


An'eu-rism.  [Alien  ris'ma,  at  is  ; 

from  dvevpvvcj,  to  “enlarge.”]  Fr.  Ane- 
vrisme, a'nAvr^zm'.  A tumor  filled  with 
blood,  from  the  rupture,  wound,  ulcera- 
tion, or  simple  dilatation  of  an  artery; 
also  applied  to  dilatation  of  the  heart. 

The  old  distinction  was  between  true 
and  false  aneurism  : the  former  compre- 
hends dilatation  without  rupture  of  any 
of  the  arterial  coats;  the  latter,  dilata- 
tion with  rupture  of  some  of  the  coats. 

False  Aneurism  admits  of  some  dis- 
tinctions. When  the  extravasation  is 
diffused,  the  disease  has  been  termed  a 
diffused  false  aneurism;  when  circum- 
scribed, a circumscribed  false  aneurism. 
The  French  writers  term  the  former 
anevrisme  faux  primitif,  the  latter  a»eu- 
risme  faux  consecutif 

Aneurism  by  An-asto-mo'sis. 
A mulberry-colored  mark,  in  children, 
caused  by  an  anastomosis  of  the  minute 
arteries.  It  sometimes  increases  in  size, 
and  is  at  length  attended  with  pulsation. 

An'eurism  oi’tlie  Heart.  Enlarge- 
ment or  dilatation  of  the  heart. 

An'eu-ris'mal  Nee'dle.  A slender 
instrument  for  passing  a ligature  under 
an  artery  in  order  to  tie  it.  Used  in 
operations  for  aneurism. 

Aneuris'innl  Va'rix.  [Va'rix 
Aneurism a'lis.]  The  dilatation  and 
pulsation  of  a vein  from  the  passing  of 
blood  into  it  from  an  artery;  both,  with 
the  fascia,  having  been  wounded  in  the 
act  of  blood-letting,  all  the  openings 
having  become  united  into  one  by  adhe- 
sive inflammation. 

Aneurysm.  See  Aneurism. 

Anevrisme.  See  Aneurism. 

An-frac-tn-os'I-ty.  [Anfractuos'- 
itas;  from  anfrac'tus , a “winding,  bend- 
ing, or  turning  of  a way.”]  A term 
applied  to  the  furrows  or  sulci  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

An-frac'tus,*  plural  Asa-frac'tus. 
The  same  as  the  preceding. 

Angeiospermia,*  an-jl-o-sper'me-a. 
See  Angiospermia. 

An-gel'i-ca.*  [From  an’gelus,  an 
“angel;”  named  from  its  virtues.]  Gar- 
den Angelica.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Umbelli- 
ferse.  Also,  the  Pharmacopceial  name 
(U.S.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  An- 
gelica archangelica. 

Angelica  Arch-an-gel'S-ca.*  The 
plant  called  garden  angelica. 

Angelica  A-tro-pur-pa're-a.*  A 
species  possessing  the  same  properties  as 
the  garden  angelica. 


43 


ANG 


ANG 


An-gi-ee'ta-sis.*  [From  dyycTov,  a 
“ vessel/’  and  strains,  “ extension.”]  Dila- 
tation of  a vessel,  as  aneurism,  varix, 
etc. 

An-gi-i'tis.*  [From  ayysTov,  a “ ves- 
sel.”] Piorry’s  term  for  inflammation 
of  vessels,  particularly  of  the  capilla- 
ries. 

An-gi'na.*  [From  ayyw,  to  “stran- 
gle.”] Applied  to  diseases  attended  by 
a sense  of  suffocation,  or  by  sore-throat. 

Angina  Maligna.  See  Cynanche 
Maligna. 

Angina  ParotMEca.  See  Paroti- 
tis. 

Angina  Pectoris,*  an-jl'na  pek'to- 
ris.  Spasm  of  the  chest.  A disease  at- 
tended by  acute  pain,  sense  of  suffocation, 
and  syncope.  It  has  been  called  also  Astli'- 
nia  dolor  if  iatm,  Sternal'  gia,  Sternodyn'ia 
syncopa'lis,  Sternocar'dia,  etc. 

Angina  Tonsillaris.  See  Tonsil- 
litis. 

An-gi-no'sns.*  [Fromcnn/?'??**.]  Hav- 
ing Angina,  or  accompanied  by  Angina. 

An-gi-o-car'pi.*  [From  dyycTov,  a 
“vessel,”  and  tap-tog,  “fruit.”]  The  name 
of  a tribe  or  division  of  Fungi  which 
bear  their  seeds  internally. 

An-gi-©g'ra-p3iy.  [Angiogra'- 
pliia;  from  dyycTov,  a “vessel,”  and 
ypdipco,  to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
vessels  of  the  body. 

An-gi-o-len-^i'tis.*  [From  dyycTov, 
a “vessel,”  and  A cvtog,  “white.”]  Lite- 
rally, “inflammation  of  the  white  (or 
lymphatic)  vessels.”  A diseased  condi- 
tion of  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

An-gi-ol'o-gy.  [Angiolo'gia;  from 
dyycTov,  a “vessel,”  and  A oyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  or  science  of  the 
blood-vessels  and  absorbents. 

Angiospennatons,  or  Angeio- 
spernnatons,  an-ji-o-sper'ma-tus. 
[ Angiosperin'atns ; from  dyycTov,  a 
“vessel,”  and  oncppu,  a “seed.”]  Hav- 
ing seeds  in  a capsule,  or  seed-vessel. 

Angiospennia,*  an-ji'o-sper'me-a. 
[From  dyycTov,  a “vessel,”  and  oneppa,  a 
“seed.”]  The  name  of  an  order  or  divi- 
sion of  plants. 

A n -gi  -o-  te-lec-t  a's  i -a, * A n -gi-o-te- 

lec'ta-sis.*  [From  dyycTov,  a “vessel,” 
ri\og,  an  “extremity,”  and  ctrang,  “ex- 
tension.”] Extension  or  dilatation  of 
vessels  or  their  terminating  capillaries. 

Aai-gi-ot'o-iny*  [Aiigioto'niia; 

from  dyyciov,  a “vessel,”  and  rcpvio,  to 
“cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  blood-vessels 
and  absorbents. 

An'glc,  Facial  (fa/shal).  [An'gn- 
41 


los  Facia'lis.]  A straight  line  from 
the  most  prominent  part  of  the  forehead 
to  the  front  edge  of  the  upper  jaw,  and 
another  from  the  external  auditory  fora- 
men to  the  same  point.  Some  writers 
attach  great  importance  to  the  facial 
angle  as  a measure  of  the  brain  as  com- 
pared with  the  rest  of  the  head.  If  the 
fore  part  of  the  cranium  (in  which  the 
intellect  is  supposed  to  reside)  be  very 
full,  the  facial  angle  will  be  large;  if 
that  part  be  very  deficient,  the  facial 
angle  will  be  proportionably  small. 

An  gie,  Op  tic ; An'gle  of  Vis  ion. 
That  formed  by  two  rays  of  light  pro- 
ceeding from  different  objects,  or  oppo- 
site extremities  of  the  same  object,  and 
meeting  in  the  pupil. 

Angli-cus  Sudor.*  [ An'glicvs , 
“English,”  and  su’dor,  “sweat.”]  The 
English  sweating-fever,  or  the  Ephem’ era 
malig'na  of  Burserius,  described  by  Dr. 
Caius  as  “a  contagious  pestilential  fever 
of  one  day.”  It  made  its  first  appear- 
ance in  London  about  the  year  1480. 

An'go-ne.*  [From  ay\u >,  to  “choke.”] 
A sense  of  strangulation  and  suffoca- 
tion. More  properly  written  Anchone. 

Angor  Pectoris.  See  Angina  Pec- 
toris. 

Angostura.  See  Angustura. 

Angnillilormcs,*  an-gwil'le-for'- 
mez.  [From  anguil'la,  an  “eel.”]  The 
name  of  a family  of  fishes  resembling 
an  eel  in  form. 

An-gui  na.*  [From  an'gnis,  a “ser- 
pent.”] The  name  of  a family  of  reptiles. 

AngniniilEC,*  an-gwin'e-de.  [From 
an'gnis,  a “serpent.”]  The  name  of  a 
family  of  the  Ophidia  having  the  An- 
guis  for  its  type. 

Angular  (ang'gu-lar)  Ar'te-ry, 
An  gular  Vein.  Terminations  of  the 
facial  artery  and  vein  near  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

An  gular  Pro^'oss-es.  The  orbitary 
processes  of  the  frontal  bone. 

An-gn-la'ris  Scap'u-lje.*  Another 

name  for  the  muscle  called  levator  angnli 
scapulce,  the  “elevator  of  the  angle  of 
the  scapula.” 

Angnlatc,  ang'gu-lat.  [Angnla- 
tus;  from  an'gulus , an  “angle.”]  Hav- 
ing angles. 

An'gii-lons,  or  An'gn-ldso.  [An- 
gnlo'sns;  from  an'gulus,  an  “angle.”] 
Full  of  angles. 

An-gns-ti-fo'll-ate,  or  An-gns-tn 
I’o'II-ons.  [ August i to' lens;  from  an- 
gus’tns,  “narrow,”  and/o'/iuwi,  a “lcaf.”J 
Having  narrow  leaves. 


ANG 


ANI 


An-gus-ti-sep'tus.*  [From  angue'- 
tux,  “narrow,”  and  septum,  a “parti- 
tion.”] Having  narrow  partitions. 

Angiistura  (an-gus-too'ra,  written 
also  Angostura)  Sark.  [From  Angos- 
tu'ra,  the  name  of  a town  of  Venezuela.] 
The  bark  of  Galipae'a  cuspa'ria  (Lond. 
Ph.),  or  G.  ojjicina'lis  (U.S.  Ph.). 

August m rin,  an-gus-too'rin,  or  An- 
gos-tu  rin.  A neutral  principle,  ob- 
tained by  submitting  the  alcoholic  tinc- 
ture of  angustura  bark  to  spontaneous 
evaporation. 

An-he-la'tion.  [Anliela'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  anke'l-o , anhela'tum , to  “ breathe 
short.”]  Shortness  of  breath. 

Anliel'itus.*  Same  as  Anhelation. 

An-hy'drite.  [From  anhy'drus  (see 
next  article),  and  \idog,  a “stone.”]  An- 
hydrous sulphate  of  lime;  a mineral. 

An-hy'drous.  [Anhy'drus;  from 
dv  (same  as  a),  priv.,  and  vda >p,  “water.”] 
Without  water. 

An-i-dro'sis.*  [From  av,  priv.,  and 
cdpow,  to  “sweat.”]  Diminution  or  sup- 
pression of  the  perspiration. 

Anil.  See  Indigo. 

An-il'i©  or  I an -d  5 -got 'i©  A$'id.  An 
acid  formed  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid 
on  indigo. 

An'i-lime.  [From  an'il,  “indigo.”] 
An  oily  liquid  formed  by  the  action  of 
caustic  potash  on  indigo.  Also  applied 
to  a greenish  substance  obtained  from 
nitro-benzole  : it  forms  the  base  of  seve- 
ral beautiful  dyes. 

An'I-ma.*  [From  avefxog , “wind,” 
“breath,”  or  “spirit.”]  Anciently,  any 
simple  volatile  substance;  also,  the 
purest  part  of  any  substance.  The  vital 
principle  of  animals  or  vegetables. 

An'ima  Ar-tic-u-lo'rum.-  Lite- 
rally, “life  of  the  limbs;”  a name  given 
to  colchicum  on  account  of  its  medicinal 
virtues  in  rheumatism  and  gout.  It 
formed  the  basis  of  many  popular  reme- 
dies against  gout,  such  as  the  pulvis 
arthriticus  Turneri,  and  the  Vienna  gout 
decoction. 

An'i-mal.*  [From  an'ima , the  “spirit,” 
or  “life.”]  An  organized  body,  endowed 
with  life  and  voluntary  motion. 

An'imal.  [Anima'lis;  from  an'- 
ima, “life.”]  Having  life;  pertaining 
to  life. 

An  imal  A?'id.  [A^'idum  Ani- 
ma'le.]  An  acid  existing  in  animal 
bodies,  or  which  can  be  obtained  from 
them,  as  Allantoic,  Ambreic,  Butyric , etc. 

Animal  Charcoal,  or  Animal  Car- 
bon. See  Carbon,  Animal. 


Animal  E-c«n'o-mjr.  [CEcono'- 

mia  Anima'lis.]  The  system  of  all 
matters  relating  to  animal  life;  physi- 
ology. See  Economy. 

Animal  Heat.  See  Calor  Ani- 
malis. 

Animal  Jelly.  See  Gelatin. 

Animal  Kingdom  [Reg'num 
Anima'le.  Fr.  Regne  Animal , reh  A'ne'- 
m&r]  denotes,  collectively,  all  those  be- 
ings possessing  animal  life,  the  study  of 
which  is  called  Zoology.  See  Zoology. 

Animal  Magnetism.  See  Mes- 
merism. 

Animal  Temperature.  See  Calor 
Animalis. 

Animalcula.  See  next  article. 

Aii-i-iiialeule.  [Animalcnlum 
(plural  Aniinal  cula),  which  see.]  A 
microscopic  animal.  These  animals 
doubtless  exist  in  the  atmosphere,  and 
in  all  rivers  or  pogds.  Those  best 
known  are — 

1.  Infusory  Animalcules  ( Animal' cula 
Infuso'ria,  often  called  simply  Infusoria). 
Observed  in  nearly  all  fluids  impreg- 
nated with  any  animal  or  vegetable  sub- 
stance. 

2.  Spermatic  Animalcules.  Supposed 
to  have  been  discovered  in  the  semen. 
See  Spermatozoa. 

And-mal  cii*lum,  ’:  plural  An-I- 

maicu-Ia.  [The  diminutive  of  an'i- 
mal.]  Literally,  a “minute  animal.” 
A creature  whose  true  figure  cannot  be 
ascertained  without  a magnifying  glass. 
See  Animalcule. 

An-i-mal'i-ty-  [Animal'itas,a't/«.] 

The  assemblage  of  faculties  that  distin- 
guish animal  organic  matter;  vital  act- 
ivity of  an  animal  body,  considered  as 
unity. 

An-i-mal-i-za'tion.  [Animaliza- 
tio,  o 'nis ; from  an'imal.]  The  process 
by  which  food  is  assimilated  to  the  va- 
rious substances  of  the  body. 

Animation.  [Anima'tio,  o' nis; 
from  an'imo,  anima'tum,  to  “give  life.”] 
The  effect  produced  by  the  vis  vitae. 
(“power  of  life”),  by  which  life  is  begun 
and  maintained. 

Animation,  Suspended.  See  As- 
phyxia. 

Anime,  an'e-me.  A resinous  sub- 
stance, improperly  called  gum  anime,  said 
to  be  obtained  from  the  Hymensea  Cour- 
baril,  and  used  in  perfumes,  varnishes, 
and  certain  plasters.  It  resembles  copal 
in  appearance,  and  is  often  sold  under 
that  name. 

An'I-mists.  [From  an'ima , the 
45 


ANI 


ANO 


“soul.”]  Those  physiologists  who  refer 
all  the  phenomena  of  the  living  body  to 
the  direct  agency  of  the  soul  or  a prin- 
ciple distinct  from  the  body. 

An'I-oii.*  [Gr.  dv'iMi,  the  present  par- 
ticiple cf  aveifu,  to  “ascend.”]  A term  ap- 
plied by  Dr.  Faraday  to  the  body  which 
passes  to  the  positive  pole — to  the  anode 
of  the  decomposing  body — as  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  elec  ricity.  See  Ration. 

Anise,  an'iss.  The  Pimpinella  An- 
isusi,  which  see. 

An'a-soed,or  An'ise-seed.  The  seeds 
of  the  Pimpinel'la  ani'sum,  much  used  as 
a carminative. 

Anisette  de  Boimleaux,  an'n&'- 
zet'  deh  booR'do'.  A liqueur  made  by 
distilling  anise,  fennel,  and  coriander 
seeds,  previously  steeped  in  brandy, 
with  sugar,  and  one-half  water. 

Anisi  Semina.  See  Aniseed. 

An-i-so-jpet  a-lous.  [ Anisopet'a- 
lns;  from  dviaog,  “unequal,”  and  pet'a- 
lum .]  Having  unequal  petals. 

An-i-so-ptiyl'lons.  [Anisopliyl 
Ins;  from  dviaog,  and  (pv^ov , a “leaf.”] 
Having  unequal  leaves. 

An-i-so-stem'o-nous.  [Aniso- 
stem'onis;  from  dviaog,  and  arfipiov,  a 
“stamen.”]  Having  unequal  stamens. 

A-ni'suni.*  [From  dvirjyit,  to  “emit.”] 
Anise.  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name  (U.S., 
Lond.,  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  Pim- 
pinel'la ani'svm.  See  Aniseed. 

An  ker.  A liquid  measure  used  at 
Amsterdam,  containing  about  thirty-two 
gallons  English  wine-measure. 

An-ky-lo-blepli  a-ron.*  [From 
ayKvhr),  “noose,”  and  (Dityapov,  the  “eye- 
lid.”] A preternatural  union  of  the 
two  eyelids. 

An-ky-Io-glos'sI-a,*  or  An-cy-Io- 
glos'sl-a.*  [From  dyKv\rj,  a “noose”  or 
“bridle,”  and  y\wooa,  the  “tongue.”]  A 
natural  defect  termed  tongue-tie. 

An-ky-lo'sis.*  [From  dytcv'Xr},  a 
“clasp.”]  The  consolidation  of  the  ar- 
ticulating extremities  of  two  or  more 
bones  that  previously  formed  a natural 
joint;  stiff-joint. 

AiMieal  iitg.  [From  the  Saxon 
on -eel an,  to  “set  on  fire,”  to  “make 
hot,”  to  “burn.”]  The  process  by  which 
substances  naturally  hard  and  brittle 
are  rendered  tough.  It  consists  in  rais- 
ing the  substance  (glass  or  metal)  to  be 
annealed,  to  a high  temperature,  and 
then  causing  it  to  cool  very  slowly. 

Annelhhr.  See  Anellata. 

An-nof  to.  [Derivation  uncertain.] 
A kind  of  reddish  dye,  obtained  from 
46 


the  Bixa  Orellana , or  Orleana ; the 
Terra  Orleana  of  the  shops. 

Aii'nn-ens,*  plural  An-iin-en'tes. 

[From  an'nuo , to  “nod.”]  Applied  to  the 
muscles  called  Recti  antici  capitis , be- 
cause they  are  employed  in  nodding  the 
head. 

Amuilar  Bone.  See  Os  Annulare. 

An'nu-lar  Car'ti-lag-e.  [Cartilago 
Annula  ris.]  The  cricoid  cartilage. 

An  nular  Lig  a-ment.  [Liganien  - 

tum  A n ms  la  re.]  A strong  ligament 
encircling  the -ankle;  also,  the  wrist. 

An'nular  Process,  Annular 
Pro-tu 'foe-ranee.  [Processus  An- 
nularis, Protuberan'tia  Annula  - 
ris.] The  Pons  Varolii ; also  called 
Tuber  annulare , and  Corpus  annulare. 
See  Pons  Varolii. 

Annular  Vein.  [Annularis 

Vena.]  The  vein  between  the  little 
and  ring  fingers. 

An-nu-la'tus.*  [From  an'nnhts,  a 
“ring.”]  Having  rings:  an'nulate,  or 
an'nulated.  Applied  in  the  neuter  plu- 
ral ( Annnla'ta ) to  a class  of  worm-like 
animals.  See  Anellata. 

An'nu-lid-a.^  The  same  as  Anel- 
lata, which  see. 

An'nu-Ius.*  A Latin  word,  signify- 
ing “ring,”  forming  a part  of  a number 
of  anatomical  names. 

Annulus  Abdominis.  See  Ab- 
dominal Ring. 

An  nulus  Cil-i-a'rls.*  The  ciliary 
circle  or  ligament;  a white  ring  homing 
the  bond  of  union  between  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye,  the  iris,  and  the  corona 
ciliaris.  It  is  the  annulus  gaugliformis 
tunicse  choroid  eee  of  Soemmering. 

An  nulus  Bigr-a-men-to'sns.^  The 
ciliary  circle  or  ligament.  See  Annulus 
Ciliaris. 

An  nulus  O-va'lis.*  The  rounded 
margin  of  the  septum  which  occupies 
the  place  of  the  foramen  ovale  in  the 
foetus.  It  is  also  called  the  an'nulus 
foram'inis. 

An  ode.  [From  and,  “up,”  and  b$6gf 
a “way.”]  In  electro-chemical  action, 
that  part  of  the  surface  of  the  decom- 
posing body  into  which  the  electric  cur- 
rent “ascends”  or  enters. 

A-nod'ic.  [A nod  ieus : from  the 
same.]  Used  by  some  writers  in  the 
same  sense  as  Anastaltic. 

An'o-dyne.  [Anod'ynus;  from  av, 
priv.,  and  uivun,  “pain.”]  Applied  to 
medicines  which  assuage  pain  : antal'gic. 
See  Sopiens. 

A-noni'a-lI-fflo'roiis.  [Anomali- 


ANO 


ANT 


fto  rus ; from  anom'alus , and  flos,  a 
“flower.”]  Having  anomalous  flowers. 

A-nom'a-li-petle.  [Anom'alapes, 
p 'edis;  from  anom'alus,  and  pes,  a 
“foot.”]  Having  anomalous  feet. 

A-nom'a-l©-£ep2i'a-lus.*  [From 
oh / jfnaXoz,  “irregular,”  and  Kt^aAt),  the 
“head.”]  One  whose  head  is  deformed. 
See  Anomalous. 

A-noiii'a-lous.  [Anom'alus;  from 
av,  priv.,  and  GjuaXo,,  “level,”  “even,” 
“regular.”]  Applied  to  diseases  or 
symptoms  out  of  the  regular  course. 

A-2iojn-o-£epli'a-lus.*  [From  u, 
priv.,  a “ law”  or  “ rule,”  and  KcfiaXfj, 
the  “head.”]  One  whose  head  is  deformed; 
the  same  as  Anomalocephalus. 

An-oan'plia-loiis.  [Anem'pSialus ; 
from  dv,  priv.,  and  dp[>a\6s,  the  “navel.”] 
Having  no  navel. 

A-aon'^-mus.^  [From  av,  priv.,  and 
tiv'pa,  a “name.”]  Literally,  nameless. 
A term  formerly  applied  to  the  cricoid 
muscle. 

An-opli-thal'iiaa-a.'5’  [From  av,  priv., 
and  6l)3a\[x6;,  the  “eye.”]  The  condi- 
tion of  being  without  eyes. 

Aift-op-lo-tI*e'ri-ua>i.*  [From  av, 
priv.,  o7t\ov.,  “armor,”  nmlfinpiov,  a “beast.”] 
A fossil  animal  found  in  the  Paris  tertia- 
ries,  destitute  of  horns,  tusks,  or  claws. 

An-op'si-g..**  [From  a>,  priv.,  and 
“vision.”]  Defect  of  sight. 

Aii-or'cliaus.  [Aaior'cSmis;  from 
av,  priv.,  and  opx^,  a “testicle.”]  Having 
no  testicles. 

An-o-rex'i-a.*  [From  av,  priv.,  and 
ope$i;,  “desire,”  “appetite.”]  Want  of 
appetite:  an'orexy.  A genus  of  the  order 
Difsorexise,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

A:i»rmal.  See  Abnormal. 

An-os'ml-a.*  [From  av,  priv.,  and  o,a), 
to  “smell.”]  Loss  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

An-os-plire'si-a.*  [From  av,  priv., 
and  07 J)p 70-if , the  “sense  of  smell.”]  Loss 
of  the  sense  of  smell, 

An-o'tus.*  [From  av,  priv.,  and  ovg, 
cord;,  the  “ear.”]  Without  ears. 

An'ser.*  A goose.  In  the  plural 
(An’ser-es)  it  is  applied  to  an  order  of 
birds  including  all  the  web-footed  water- 
fowl. 

An-ser-i'aius.*  [From  an'ser,  a 
“goose.”]  Pertaining  to  a goose:  an'- 
serine.  See  Pes  Anserinus. 

Ant-a^'id.  [From  avA,  “against,” 
and  hffidum,  an  “acid.”]  Destroying 
or  counteracting  acidity,  by  combining 
'with  and  neutralizing  it. 

Ant-ac'rid.  [Antac'ridus ; from 


avri,  “against,”  and  ac' riclns,  “acrid.”] 
Correcting  an  acrid  condition  of  the  se- 
cretions. 

Aut-ago-nism.  [AiaSagonisimis ; 

from  avri,  “against,”  and  dycovC^co,  to 
“contend.”]  The  action  of  muscles  op- 
posed to  each  other  in  their  office. 

Aait-ag  'o-iaasl.  [Aifttagonis'ta;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  muscles  whoso 
function  is  opposed  to  that  of  others,  as 
abductors  and  adductors,  extensors  and 
flexors,  etc. 

Ant-al'^BC.  [Antal'g-ictis;  from 
avA,  “ against,”  and  u\yog,  “ pain.”]  The 
same  as  Anodyne. 

Ant-ari&a-Hne.  [Antallk.ali'miH ; 

from  dvA , “against,”  and  ul'kali.]  Neu- 
tralizing alkalies. 

Antaplfti*o<lisiac,  ant'af-ro-dizh'e- 
ak,  Ani-aplfro-dit'ic.  [Antaphro- 
disi'acus,  Autaphrodflt'icus ; from 
avri,  and  ' Ac^poSirr],  the  name  of  “ Venus,” 
also  “venereal  desire.”]  Tending  to  sub- 
due amorous  desire:  anti-venereal. 

Ant-arc'tic.  [An  tare 'tic  us;  from 
avri,  “against,”  and  dptcrucos,  “pertaining 
to  the  north.”]  Opposite  the  north ; 
southern. 

Antarc'tic  Cir'cle.  A circle  extend- 
ing 23£  degrees  from  the  South  Pole,  and 
marking  that  portion  of  the  southern 
hemisphere  within  which  at  the  winter 
solstice  the  sun  does  not  set. 

Ant-ar-tJfirit'ic.  [AntaB*tfitrit'icus; 
from  avri,  “ against,”  and  apOplng,  “ gout.”] 
Relieving  gout. 

Ant-astf  El-mat  'ic.  [ An  t asthma  tr- 

icus;  from  avri,  “against,”  and  uo-fyia.] 
Relieving  asthma. 

Aiftt-a-tro'pfoic.  [ Aifttatropli'icus ; 

from  dvA,  “against,”  and  drpo<[>ia,  “atro- 
phy,” “defect  of  aliment.”]  Overcoming 
atrophy. 

Antetflexi©,*  an-te-flek'she-o.  [From 
an'te , “before,”  and  flee' to,  flex' um,  to 
“bend.”]  A bending  forward:  anteflexion. 

Antellex'io  U'ter-i.*  Anteflexion 
of  the  womb ; the  fundus  sinking  for- 
ward between  its  cervix  and  the  neck 
of  the  bladder. 

An-ten'iia,*  plural  Ain-teift'mae.  [A 

Latin  term  signifying  a “sail-yard,”  and 
applied  to  the  horns  of  insects,  because, 
extending  on  each  side  of  the  head,  they 
are  supposed  to  resemble  the  yard-arms 
projecting  on  each  side  of  the  mast  of  a 
ship.]  Certain  articulated  filaments  in- 
serted in  the  heads  of  the  Crustacea  and 
Insecta,  peculiarly  devoted  to  a delicate 
sense  of  touch.  They  are  popularly 
called  horns , or  feelers . 


47 


ANT 


ANT 


An-ten'nate.  [Antenna'tns.] 

Having  antennte. 

Aii-ten-nife-roiis.  [Antennlf 'e- 

rus ; from  anten'na,  and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”] 
.Bearing  antennse. 

Aii-ten'ni-form.  [Antennifoi*'- 

mis ; from  anten'na .]  Having  the  form 
of  antennse ; resembling  antennse. 

An-te-pec'tus.*  [From  an'te,  “ be- 
fore/’ and  pec'tus,  the  “ breast.”]  The 
anterior  segment  of  the  Pectus , or  inferior 
surface  of  the  trunk  in  insects. 

Ant-epSi-I-ftl'tic.  [Antephialti- 
cus;  from  avri,  “against,”  and  tyidXrng, 
“nightmare.”]  Efficacious  against 
night-mare. 

Ant-ep-i-lep ' tic.  [Antepilep ' ti- 

cus ; from  duri,  and  imXeipia,  “ epilepsy.”] 
Efficacious  against  epilepsy. 

An-te'ri-oiv*  Before,  as  applied  to 
muscles  and  nerves. 

An-te-ster'mim.*  [From  an'te , 
“before,”  and  ster’num,  the  “breast- 
bone.”] In  Entomology,  the  first  or 
anterior  division  of  the  sternum. 

Anteversio,*  an-te-ver'she-o.  [From 
an'te , “before,”  and  ver'to,  ver’sum , to 
“turn.”]  A turning  forward. 

Amtever'si©  U'tcr-i.*  (“Ante version 
of  the  Womb.”)  Displacement  of  the 
uterus,  the  fundus  being  thrown  forward, 
so  as  to  compress  the  neck  of  the  blad- 
der, the  mouth  being  turned  to  the 
sacrum. 

Aiit-Iiicm-or-rlia&'ie.  [Anthsem- 

©rrliag'icus;  from  tim,  “against,”  and 
al  i*o  (pay  i a , “haemorrhage.”]  Checking 
haemorrhage. 

Aiit'he-lix.*  [From  dm,  “against,” 
“opposite  to,”  and  cAi£,  the  “helix.”] 
The  inner  circular  ridge  of  the  external 
ear. 

An-thel-min'tic.  [AntlieiEnm'- 

ticus;  from  aim,  “against,”  and  cXpivg, 
tXpivBog,  a “worm.”]  Expelling  worms 
from  the  intestinal  canal : vermifuge. 

An'the-mis.*  [From  di/Bifo,  to  “flow- 
er.”] Chamomile.  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Synr/enesia,  natural  order  Com- 
positse  (sub-order  Corymbiferse).  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  Axthemis 
Nobilis,  which  see. 

An'thcmis  Jtob'i-liis.*  The  herb 
which  yields  chamomile  flowers ; called 
also  Cham^we'lum,  Cham;emf/lum  No'- 
bile,  and  Chamomtl'la  Roma'xa. 

Anllieinis  Pyr'e-tbrum.*  The 
pellitory  of  Spain.  The  root  of  this 
plant,  called  Pyrethrum  by  the  Pharma- 
copoeias, is  a powerful  sialagogue.  On 
account  of  its  acrid  and  stimulating 
48 


properties,  it  is  used  as  a masticatory 
in  the  toothache,  rheumatism  of  the 
face,  etc. 

An'tlier.  [Anthe'ra;  from  avBog,  a 
“flower.”]  The  part  of  the  flower  which 
contains  the  pollen,  or  the  male  fecun- 
dating principle.  It  is  the  head  and 
essential  part  of  the  stamen. 

An-ther-id'i-um.*  [The  diminutive 
of  anthe'ra.’]  Applied  in  the  nominative 
plural  ( Antherid'ia ) to  collections  of 
cells  found  in  cryptogamous  plants  con- 
taining bodies  analogous  to  the  sperma- 
tozoa of  animals. 

An-ther-if  'er-oits.  [AntheriFe- 

rus;  from  an'ther , and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  anthers. 

An-the'sis.*  [From  dvBiw,  to  “flow- 
er.”] The  production  of  flowers. 

Anthiarin,  an-the'a-rin.  The  active 
principle  of  a gum  resin  obtained  from 
the  Anlhiaris  toxicaria. 

An-thi-a'ris  (or  An-ti-a'ris)  Tox- 
l-ca'ri-a.*  The  scientific  name  of  the 
Upas  Tree,  which  see. 

An-tho-car'pous.  [Anthocar'- 
p«s;  from  avBog,  a “flower,”  and  tcapnog, 
“fruit.”]  A term  applied  to  fruits  pro- 
duced from  masses  of  flowers  adhering 
to  each  other,  like  the  pine-apple. 

An-tko-^y'a-nuin.*  [From  avBog,  a 
“flower,”  and  sva.og,  “blue.”]  A sub- 
stance obtained  from  the  blue  of  flowers. 

An-tho'di-um.*  [From  avBog,  a 
“flower.”]  A kind  of  calyx,  common  to 
many  flowers. 

An-thog-'ra-phy.  [Anthogra'- 
pliia;  from  avBog,  a “flower,”  and 
ypd<p(t),  to  “ write.”]  A description  of 
flowers. 

An'thoid.  [Antlioi'des;  from  avBog, 
a “flower,”  and  elcog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a flower. 

An'tho-llte.  [Antholi'tes;  from 

avBog,  a “flower,”  and  XiBog,  a “stone.”] 
The  fossil  impression  of  a flower. 

An-thol  o-gy.  [Antholo'gia;  from 

avBog,  a “ flower,”  and  Adyoj,  a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  flowers,  their  nature,  quali- 
ties, appearance,  etc. 

An'tlio-ny’s  Fire,  Saint.  [Ig'nis 
Sanc'ti  Anto  iiii.]  Another  name  for 
Erysipelas,  which  see. 

Aii-thoph'I-liis.*  [From  dvBoq,  a 
“flower,”  and  (piXog , a “lover.”]  Lite- 
rally, “loving  flowers.”  Applied  in  the 
neuter  plural  ( Anthoph'ila ) to  a family 
of  hymenopterous  insects  : anthoph'ilous. 

Aii-tlio-plio'ri-um,*  And  liopli'o- 
riim.*  [From  avBog,  a “flower,”  and 
<pcpa),  to  “ bear.”]  A prolongation  of  the 


ANT 


ANT 


receptacle,  bearing  petals,  stamen,  and 
pistil : an  an'thophore. 

An- tiiox-an'  thin.  [AntBioxan- 
tlai'na;  from  drdog,  a “flower,”  and 
lai'QiJs,  “ yellow.”]  A substance  obtained 
from  the  yellow  of  flowers. 

An-tlara'ci-a.*  [From  dvdpa^,  a 
"coal.”]  See  Fiiambcesia. 

Antllira'cia  Ru'fou-la.*  Dr.  Good’s 
term  for  the  disease  called  “the  yaws.” 
See  Frambcesia. 

An-tUira-cif  er-ous.  [Anttiracir- 

erns;  from  avQpa%,  “coal”  or  “carbon,” 
and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Containing  car- 
bon. 

An'tflira-cite.  [AntUiraci'tes;  from 
avQpa.%,  a “coal,”  and  YOog,  a “stone.”] 
A species  of  stone-coal  burning  without 
smoke  and  with  little  or  no  effluvia. 

Antforaco'des.  The  same  as  An- 
thracoi'des.  See  Anthracoid. 

An'tbra-coid.  [Anthracoi'des ; 
from  dvBpa\y  “coal,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  carbuncle;  having  the  na- 
ture of  carbuncle. 

An-tlara-c*ok'a-li.  The  name  given 
to  a remedy  recently  employed  in  certain 
herpetic  affections.  The  simple  prepa- 
ration consists  of  a levigated  coal-dust 
and  pure  potassa;  the  sulphurated  pre- 
paration  is  composed  of  sulphur,  levi- 
gated coal-dust,  and  caustic  potassa. 

An-thra-co-tlie'rl-uin.*  [F  rom 
<D0pa£,  “coal,”  and  Bppiov,  an  “animal.”] 
A fossil  animal  found  in  coal  and  in 
sandstone. 

Anthrax,  a c/s.*  *[Lat.  Carbun'  cu- 
ius, a “ little  coal ;”  Gr.  dvBpa£,  a “ coal.”] 
A carbuncle.  A hard,  circumscribed,  in- 
flammatory dark-red  or  purple  tumor, 
accompanied  by  a sense  of  burning,  re- 
sembling a boil,  but  having  no  central 
core. 

An-tlhro-pog'en-y'.  [AntBiropo- 
ge'nia;  from  a^Bpoarog,  a “man,”  and 
yeveais,  “generation.”]  The  generation 
of  man. 

An-tfliro-pog'ra-play.  [Asitlaro- 
pogra'ptaia;  from  asQpwo;,  a “man,” 
and  ypa0co,  to  “write.”]  A history  or 
treatise  on  the  structure  of  man. 

An'ttaro-poid.  [Anttaropoi'des; 
from  ai/OpcjTTogy  a “man,”  and  el6og,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  man. 

An-tSirop'o-lite.  [Anttiropoli'- 
tes?  from  uvApwrof,  a “man,”  and  YiOog , 
a “stone.”]  A petrifaction  of  human 
bones. 

An-tli  ro-pol'o-gy*  [ Aialla ropolo'- 

gia;  from  avBpcjnog,  a “man,”  and  \6yog , 
a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  man ; a 
5* 


description  of  man ; also,  the  science 
which  treats  of  the  physical  and  intel- 
lectual nature  of  man. 

An-tliro-pom 'e-try.  [Antliropo- 
nie'tria;  from  uvBpoj-nog } a “man,”  and 
ptTpov,  a “measure.”]  Measurement  of 
the  dimensions  of  man. 

An-thro-po-inor'ptious.  [Authro- 
pomor' pirns;  from  afipwnog,  a “man,” 
and  popi[,riy  “ shape.”]  Formed  like  man  ; 
man-shaped. 

A n-t h ro*poph 'a-gus,*  plural  An- 
ttiro-popli'a-gi.  [From  uvdpojnog,  a 
“man,”  and  (payu >,  to  “eat.”]  One  who 
eats  human  flesh  ; a cannibal. 

An-thro-popSi'a-gy*  [Antliropo- 

plia'gia;  from  the  same.]  The  eating 
of  human  flesh. 

A n-t  h ro-pos  'co-py . [ A 11 1 li  r opo- 

sco'pia;  from  avOpcoTrog,  a “man,”  and 
oKonzcjy  to  “ observe.”]  An  inspection  of 
the  lineaments  of  man. 

An-ttiro-po-soma-tol'o-gy-  [An- 

tiiroposomatolo'gia;  from  arBpcjzog,  a 
“man,”  acopa,  the  “body,”  and  A 6yogf  a 
“discourse.”]  A description  of  the 
structure  of  the  human  body. 

An-tliro-pos'o-pliy*  [Anthro- 

poso'pliia;  from  dvBpwrrrog,  a “man,” 
and  ooipia , “wisdom.”]  Knowledge  of 
the  nature  and  general  character  of 
man. 

An-tliro-pot'o»m5r.  [Antliropoto'- 

mia;  from  dvBpojnog,  a “man,”  and  rrpi/w, 
to  “cut.”]  The  dissecting  of  man;  hu- 
man anatomy 

Ant-li5rp-not'ic.  [Anthypnot'i- 

cws;  from  dm,  “against,”  and  vttvoj, 
“sleep.”]  Hindering  sleep. 

Ant-iiyp-o-ehon'drl-ac.  [Anthyp- 
oehoiMlri  aeus;  from  dm,  “against,” 
and  viroxov&piaiKog , “hypochondriac.”] 
Overcoming  hypochondriasis. 

Ant*hys*ter'ic.  [Antliyster'iciis ; 
from  dm,  “against,”  and  hyste'ria.] 
Overcoming  hysteria. 

Anti-.  [Gr.  dm.]  A prefix  signify- 
ing “ against,”  “opposed  to,”  or  “cor- 
rective of ;”  as  anti-bilious , auti-lithic,  etc. 

Aii-ti'a-des.*  [The  plural  of  dmd$, 
avTidfog,  a “tonsil.”]  Another  name  for 
the  tonsils. 

An-ti-a-di'tis.*  [From  dvrtag,  avTidtiog, 
a “ tonsil.”]  Inflammation  of  the  tonsils. 
Antiaplirodisiac.  See  Antaphro- 

DISIAC. 

Antiaras.  See  Anthiaris. 
Antiartliritic.  See  Antarthritic. 
An'ti-as.*  The  singular  of  Antiades, 
which  see. 

Antiasthmatic.  See  Antasthmatic. 

49 


ANT 


ANT 


Antiatrophlc.  See  Antatrophic. 

Antibrachial,  an-te-bra'ke-al.  [An- 
tibrachia'lis.]  Belonging  to  the  anti- 
brachium,  or  fore-rrm. 

Aii-ti-bra'dii-uiii.-  [From  avri, 
“ against,"  and  brci'chium,  the  “arm.”] 
The  fore-arm,  as  opposed  to,  when  bent 
upon,  the  proper  arm. 

An-ti-ca-eliec'tic.  [Antacactiec'- 
tieus;  from  avri,  “ against/’  and  ca- 
chex'ia,  a “bad  habit  of  body.”]  Op- 
posed to  cachectic  diseases.  See  Ca- 
chexia. 

An-ti-car'dl-um.^  [From  avri, 
“ against,”  and  KapS'ia,  the  “ heart.”] 
The  scrobic' ulus  cor'dis , or  pit  of  the 
stomach. 

Antfictieir,*  an'te-klr.  [From  avri, 
“ against,”  and  X£lp,  the  “hand.”]  Op- 
posed to  the  hand.  A name  sometimes 
applied  to  the  thumb. 

An-ti-cli'Bial.  [ Anticlina'lis ; from 
avri,  “against,”  and  cli'no , to  “bend.”] 
Bending  in  opposite  directions.  Applied 
in  Geology  to  strata  which  decline  both 
ways  from  a longitudinal  ridge,  called 
the  anticlinal  axis. 

An-ti-din'ic.  [Amtidin'icus;  from 
avri,  “against,”  and  6ivog,  “giddiness.”] 
Believing  from  giddiness,  or  vertigo. 

An'ti-dote.  [Anfid'otiim,  Antid'- 
otus ; from  dun,  “against,”  and  <5t<5 opt, 
to  “give.”]  A medicine  given  to  coun- 
teract the  effects  of  poison. 

Antidotus.  See  Antidote. 

An-ts-dys-en-ter'ic.  [Antidysen- 
ter'ieus;  from  avri,  “against,”  and 
ojozvTtpia,  “dysentery.”]  Preventing  or 
curing  dysentery. 

AntiephiaUic.  See  Antephialtic. 

Antiepileptic.  See  Antepileptic. 

Aai-fi-feb'rile.  [Antifebri'lis ; from 
avri,  “against,”  and  fe'bris,  a “fever.”] 
Subduing  fever ; febrifuge. 

An-ti-g-a-lac'tic.  [Antigalac'ti- 
cus;  from  avri,  “against,”  and  yaXa, 
“milk.”]  Lessening  the  secretion  of 
milk. 

An-ti-hec'tic.  [Antiliec'tieus;from 

avn,  “against,”  and  cKritcog,  “hectic.”] 
Assuaging  hectic  fever. 

Aniilielix.  See  Anthelix. 

Antilielmintoc.  See  Anthelmintic. 

An-ti-hy-drop'ic.  [Aiitihydrop'- 
iens;  from  duri,  “against,”  and  vdpoxp, 
“dropsy.”]  Curative  of  dropsy. 

AnliBiypnotic.  See  Anthvpnotic. 

Antitiypoeliondriae.  See  Anthyp- 

OCnONDRI  AC. 

Antiliysteric.  See  Antiiysteric. 

An-ti-Ic-t€r'ic.  [ Anti-Ictcricus ; 

50 


from  dun,  “against,”  and  ik repog,  the 
“jaundice.”]  Curative  of  Icterus,  or 
jaundice. 

An-tl-litb  ic.  [Antilith'icus;  from 

avri,  “against,”  and  A iOog,  a “stone.”] 
Preventing  the  formation  of  stone,  or 
calculus. 

An-tl-lo'bS-um.*  [From  avri,  “a« 
gainst,”  and  A oSog,  the  “lobe  of  the  ear.”] 
The  tragus,  or  part  opposite  the  lobe  of 
the  ear. 

An-li-loi'mic,  or  An-ti-lop'mic. 
[Antiloi'micus;  from  dun,  “against,” 
and  \oipbg,  the  “plague.”]  Curative  of 
plague  or  pestilence  of  any  kind. 

An-ti-lys'sic.  [F rom  dun,  “ against,” 
and  A vaaa,  “canine  madness.”]  A re- 
medy against  hydrophobia. 

An>ti-mo'ni-al.  [Aiitimonia'lis ; 
from  antimo'niuni.]  Pertaining  to  anti- 
mony. 

Antimo'nial  Pow'der.  The  Pulvis 
antimonialis  (Ed.  and  Dub.  Ph.),  or  Pul- 
vis antimonii  compositvs  (Lend.  Ph.),  used 
as  a substitute  for  James’s  Powder. 

Antimo'nial  Wine.  [Vl'mim  An- 
timo'nii.]  A solution  of  tartar  emetic 
in  sherry  or  other  wine;  two  grains  of 
the  tartar  emetic  being  contained  in 
every  fluidounce  of  the  preparation. 

An-ti-mo'nl-ate.  [Antimo'nias, 
a 'tis;  from  antimo'nicum  ag'idum.]  A 
combination  of  antimonic  acid  with  a 
base. 

An-ti-mon'ic  A$'id.  [Antimo'ni- 
ciim  A^'idum.]  A substance  other- 
wise called  peroxide  of  antimony. 

Aii-ti-mo'ni-ous  A^'id.  Formed 
by  exposing  the  white  hydrate  of  the 
peroxide  of  antimony  to  a red  heat. 

An-tim'o-nite.  [Antini'onis,  i’tis  ; 
from  antiiuo'mous  a$id.]  A combination 
of  antimenious  acid  and  an  alkaline 
base. 

Antimoninm.  See  Antimony. 

Aii-ti-nio'nI-11111  Tar-tar-l-sra'- 

tum.*  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed. 
and  Dub.  Ph.)  of  emetic  tartar,  or  aiiti- 
monii  potassio-tartras  (Lond.  Ph.),  or  tar- 
tarized  antimony.  See  Tartar  Emetic. 

Aii'tl-nio-ny.  [Antimo'niiini ; 
conjectured  to  be  derived  fiom  avri, 
“against,”  and  min'ium , “ vermilion 
because  used  in  aid  of  rouge  for  height- 
ening the  complexion.]  A metal  of  which 
many  of  the  compounds  are  used  in 
medicine. 

An-tf-nc-plirit'ic.  [Antinepfirit'- 

ieus;  from  dun , “against,”  and  popping, 
“disease  of  the  kidneys  ”]  Curative  of 
diseases  of  the  kidneys. 


ANT 


ANT 


An-tin'i-ad.  Applied  the  same  as 
Xintinial  used  adverbially.  See  GLA- 
BELLAR. 

An-tin  i-al.  [From  avri,  "against,” 
and  iuiov,  the  " occiput.”]  Opposite  the 
occiput.  Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as 
meaning  towards  the  glabella,  or  space 
between  the  eyebrows. 

A ntiodon talgic.  See  Antodontal- 

GIC. 

An-ti-or-gras'tlc.  [Antiorgas'ti- 
ciis  ; from  ai/ri,  " against,”  and  opyd^u), 
to  " excite.”]  Allaying  excitement;  sy- 
nonymous with  sedative. 

An'tl-par-a-stjv-ti'tis.*  [From  an- 
tiparas'tat  se,  Cowper  s glands.]  In- 
flammation of  Cowper’s  glands. 

An-tip'a-thy.  [Antipathi'a.*  Gr. 
avTiiradeia;  from  avri,  "against,”  and 
ndOo;,  "feeling,”  "affection.’']  Any  op- 
posite properties  in  matter;  also,  aver- 
sion to  particular  objects. 

An-tl-p^r-I-stal'tic.  [Antiperi- 
stal'ticus;  from  avri,  "against,”  and 
peristal1  tie. 1 Applied  to  inverted  peri- 
staltic motion  of  the  bowels.  See  Peri- 
staltic. 

An-ti-pcs'ti-len-tial.  [From  avri , 
" against,”  and pestilen  tia,  "pestilence.”] 
Same  as  Antiloimic. 

An-ti-pliar 'inic.  [From  avri,  "a- 
gainst,”  and  (pappaxui >,  a "poison.”]  The 
same  as  Alexipharmic. 

An'ti-phlo-gis'tic.  [Antiphlo- 
gisticus;  from  dvri,  "against,”  and 
(pXiyd),  to  "burn.”]  Applied  to  treatment 
intended  to  subdue  inflammation,  or  ex- 
citement of  the  system  in  inflammatory 
complaints. 

Antiphthisic,  an-te-tiz'ik.  [Anti- 
phthis'icus  ; from  avri,  "against,”  and 
"consumption.”]  Checking  phthis- 
is, or  consumption. 

An-tl- physic.  [Antiphys'icus ; 

from  avri,  "against,”  and  (pmacn , to  "in- 
flate.”] Dispelling  flatulency.  Also, 
against  nature  [from  (f>vjig , "nature”]. 
For  the  purpose  of  distinction  it  would 
perhaps  be  preferable  to  write  Antiphu'- 
sic  when  we  mean  "dispelling”  or  "cor- 
rective of  flatulency.” 

An-ti-plas'tic.  [Antlplas'ticiis  s 
from  dvrt,  " against,”  and  irXdaaoi,  to 
"form.”]  Unfavorable  to  healing,  or 
granulation ; disorganizing. 

An-ti-plefi-rit'ic.  [Antipleurat'- 
icus;  from  dvri,  " against,”  and  nXzvpLTig^ 
"pleurisy.”]  Curative  of  pleurisy. 

An-tl-po-dag'ric.  [Antipocftag'ri- 
cus;  from  dvn,  "against,”  and  noddypa, 
the  "gout.”]  Curative  of  gout. 


An-tl-pros'ta-tse  Glan'du-la?.* 

The  antiprostate  glands;  a name  for 
Cowper'  8 glands  ; also  called  Antiparas'  - 
tat se. 

An-tl-pros-tat'ic.  [Aiatiprostat'- 
icus : from  avri,  "against,”  and  pros'- 
tata  glan'dula,  the  "prostate  gland.”] 
Opposite  the  prostate  gland. 

An-tl-pros'ta-tus.*  The  same  a9 
AnTIPR(/STATIC. 

An-tip-sor'ic.  [Antipsor'icus ; 

from  am,  " against,”  and  4/J^Pa>  the 
"itch.”]  Curative  of  the  itch. 

An-tl-py'ic.  [Autipy'icus : from 
avri,  "against,”  and  nvov,  “pus.”]  Pre- 
venting suppuration. 

Aai-tl-py-ret'ic.  [Aaatipyret'icaas ; 

from  dvii, " against,”  andn-upcroj, " fever.”] 
Curative  of  fevers.  Antifeb'rile  : feb'ri- 
fuge. 

An-tl-py-rot'ic.  [Antipyrot'iciis ; 

from  dm , " against,”  and  rvp,  " lire.”] 
Curative  of  burns. 

An-tl-quar-ta-isa'ri-an,  An-ti- 
quar'tan.  [Antiquartana'riusi  from 
avri,  "against,”  and  quarta'na  fe'bris,  a 
"quartan  fever  or  ague.”]  Curative  of 
quartan  ague. 

Antirachitic,  an-te-ra-kit'ik.  [An- 
tirachit'icus;  from  dm,  "against,” 
and  rachi’tis,  " rickets.”]  Corrective  of 
rachitis. 

Antiscii,*  an-tish'e-i,  the  plural  of 
Antiscius,  an-tish'e-us.  [From  avri, 
" against,”  and  (tkicl , a "shade”  or 
"shadow.”]  Having  their  shadow  in 
opposite  directions  at  noon,  as  the  peo- 
ple north  and  south  of  the  equator: 
antis'cious : antis'cian. 

An-ti-scol'ic.  [Antiscol'icus;  from 
dvri,  "against,”  and  o-v/>A> ?£,  a "worm.”] 
Against  worms ; capable  of  expelling 
worms  : vermifuge  ; anthelmintic. 

An-ti-scor-bu'tic.  [Antiscorbu'- 
tacus:  from  avri,  " against,”  and  scor- 
bu'tus , the  disease  "scurvy.”]  Correct- 
ive of  Scorbutus,  or  scurvy. 

Aai-ti-scrof'u-lous.  [Antiscrofu- 
lo  su§;  from  avri,  "against,”  and  scrof- 
ula, the  " king’s  evil.”]  Curative  of 
Scrofula. 

An-tl-sep'tic.  [Antisep'ticus ; 

from  avri,  "against,”  and  o-i?7ra),  to  "pu- 
trefy.”] Preventing  putrefaction. 

An-ti-spas-mod  'ic.  [Antispas- 
mod'icus;  from  avri,  "against,”  and 
a-xa'jpdq,  a " spasm.”]  Allaying  spas- 
modic pains. 

An-ti-spas'tic.  [Antispas'ticus ; 

from  avri,  "against,”  and  cnzdoi,  to 
"draw.”]  Literally,  "drawing  against 
51 


ANT 


APE 


or  in  an  opposite  direction.”  Counter- 
acting a state  of  spasm.  Synonymous 
with  Anti  spasmodic. 

An-ti-syph'i-lit'ic.  [Aiitisyphi- 
lit'icus;  from  avri,  “ against,”  and 
syph'ilis .]  Curative  of  syphilis. 

Aii-titti'e-iiar.*  [From  avri,  “ a- 
gainst,”  and  Qsrap,  the  “ hollow  of  the 
hand  or  foot.”]  Applied  in  Anatomy  to 
the  muscles  Adductor  ad  indicem  of  the 
hand,  and  Adductor  of  the  great  toe. 

AntfltBiora.  See  Anthora. 

An-ti4rag'i-eii§.$  Belonging  to 
the  antitragus : antit'ragic. 

Ai»-tit'ra-g,ws.*  [From  avri,  “a- 
gainst,”  and  tragus.]  The  thicker  part 
of  the  antihelix,  opposite  the  tragus. 

An-tit 'ro-poias.  [Antit'ropiis ; 
from  avri,  “ against,”  and  Tponfi,  a “ turn- 
ing.”] Applied,  in  Botany,  to  the  em- 
bryo when  the  radicle  is  distant  from  the 
hilum,  the  cotyledons  being  next  to  the 
latter;  inverted. 

AiB-ti-ve-iie're-al.  [Antsvene're- 

us;  from  avri,  “ against,”  and  veue'reus, 
“ venereal.”]  Curative  of  venereal 
disease. 

Aii-ti-zym'ic.  [Antizyrn'icus ; 

from  avri,  “ against,”  and  uooj,  to  “ fer- 
ment.”] Preventive  of  fermentation. 

Ant'Bi-a.*  [From  aj/rXia,  a “ pump.”] 
The  spiral  apparatus  by  which  certain 
insects  draw  up  the  juices  of  plants. 

Ant'Iia  Lac'te-a,$  An&'lia  Mani- 
ma'ri*a.$  An  instrument  for  drawing 
milk  from  the  breast:  a milk-pump;  a 
breast-pump. 

Ant-o-don-tal'gic.  [Antodontal'- 

gicus;  from  avri,  “ against,”  and  otov- 
TaXyia,  a “ toothache.”]  Curative  of  the 
toothache. 

Asitonii,  Ignis  Saaicti.  See  Ery- 
sipelas. 

AiBloa-gastie.  See  Antiorgastic. 

An-tri'tis.*  [From  an'trum,  a “cave” 
or  “ cavity.”]  Inflammation  of  any 
cavity  of  the  body. 

Aii'trnm.$  [From  avrpov,  a “cave.”] 
A cavity.  Applied  specially  to  one  in 
the  upper  maxillary  bone,  termed  An'  - 
tru  m High  in  o ri  a'n  um. 

An  trum  Biiccinosnmp  buk-sin- 
o'siirn.  [From  hue' cine,  a “trumpet.”] 
The  trumpet-like  cavity,  or  cochlea  of 
the  ear. 

ABB'triim  ^re'nse.*  According  to 
Quincy,  the  name  given  by  Casserius  to 
the  Antrum  H ighmoriamim  before  High- 
more  discovered  it. 

Antrum  IliglBUBoriauum.  See 

Highmorianum,  Antrum. 

52 


An'trnm  Max-il'lse,*  Antrum 
Max- il-la ' re,*  An  trum  of  Higli  - 
iBBore.  The  Antrum  Highmorianum. 

Antrum  Py-lo'rl.  * The  small 
extremity  of  the  stomach  near  the 
pylorus. 

Ants,  Acid  of.  See  Formic  Acij>. 

An-u'ri-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
ovpov,  “ urine.”]  Defective  secretion  of 
urine : an'ury. 

A' ib us.*  [From  an'nus , a “circle.”] 
The  extremity  of  the  rectum:  the  fun- 
dament. 

Aibus,  Artificial.  See  Artificial 

Anus. 

Aibus,  Imperforate.  See  Atresia, 

Atretus. 

Anx-I'e-ty.  [Anxi'etas,  a'tis ; from 

anx'ius,  “ anxious,”  (from  ay^co,  to 
“choke,”  to  “digress”).]  A settled 
expression  of  anxiety  in  the  features 
forming  a dangerous  symptom  in  acute 
diseases. 

A-oi*'ta.*  [Gr.  doprrj,  from  dcipco,  to 
“raise  up,”  to  “support,”  to  “suspend;” 
because  it  is  supported  or  suspended 
from  the  heart.]  The  large  arterial 
trunk  arising  from  the  left  ventricle  of 
the  heart,  and  giving  origin  to  every 
artery  except  the  pulmonary  and  its 
ramifications. 

Ao rleuB'y sma,*  or  Aortenrisma,* 

a-ort-u-riz'ma.  [From  doprfij  and  dnvpvno, 
to  “dilate.”]  Aneurism  of  the  aorta. 

A-ortlc.  [Aor'ticus.]  Belonging 
to  the  aorta. 

A-or-ti'tis,  icfrs.*  [From  aor'fa.]  In- 
flammation of  the  aorta. 

A-psi^'y-BBOus.  [Apag'ynus;  from 
ana%,  “once,”  and  yn ir/,  a “woman,” 
“one  who  brings  forth.”]  Applied  to 
plants  which  fructify  but  once  and  then 
die.  See  Gynaecology. 

Ap'a-thy.  [Apatbi'n;  from  a,  priv., 
and  i rdOo$,  “feeling,”  “passion.”]  Ab- 
sence or  privation  of  all  passion,  dilu- 
tion, or  excitement. 

Ap'a-tite.  A phosphate  of  lime. 

A-pep'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  undirsrrw, 
to  “cook,”  to  “digest.”]  Imperfect 
digestion.  A term  formerly  used  for 
dyspepsia. 

A-pe'rfl-ent.  [Apc'riens;  from 
ape'rio , to  “open.”]  Opening.  Applied 
to  a medicine  which  gently  opens  the 
bowels. 

A-per'lor,  o 'vis*  [From  ape'rio , 
aper'tum , to  “open.”]  Literally,  “that 
which  opens.”  The  Levator  pulpehrat 
superioris ; otherwise,  the  Apeitor  oculi 
(“opener  of  the  eye”). 


APE 


APL 


A-pet'a-lous.  [Apeta'leus:  from 
a , priv.,  and  pet' alum,  a “ petal.”]  Hav- 
ing no  petals. 

A'pex.*  The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
cone:  hence  applied  to  parts  of  the  body 
supposed  to  resemble  a cone,  as  the  apex 
of  the  heart,  of  the  tongue,  etc. 

Aplueresis,*  a-fer'e-sis.  [From  and, 
“ from,”  and  dipea),  to  “take.”]  A term 
formerly  applied  to  that  branch  of  Sur- 
gery whose  business  it  is  to  cut  off  or 
remove  any  portion  of  the  body. 

Aph-a-iiop't>e-rus,;*  or  Aph-a-uip'- 
tc-rus.;*  [From  dparhg,  “invisible,”  and 
irrepoi>,  a “wing.”]  In  the  neuter  plural 
(Aphanip'tera,  or  Aphanop'tera)  applied 
to  a family  of  insects  apparently  with- 
out wings:  aphanop'terous. 

Aph-e'Ii-011.*  [From  and,  “from,” 
and  i'lXiog,  the  “sun.”]  A term  used  in 
Astronomy  to  denote  that  point  of  a 
planet’s  orbit  farthest  from  the  sun. 

A-phelx'I-a.*  [From  a'peXsa),  to  “ draw 
away.”  See  Apo.J  Aphelxia  socors , ab- 
sence of  mind;  Aphelxia  in  tenia,  abstrac- 
tion; Aphelxia  otiosa,  revery  or  brown 
study. 

Aphides.  See  Aphis. 

Aph-I-dipli'a  -guis.*  [From  a' phis, 
and  (payetv,  to  “ eat.”]  Applied  in  the 
plural  masculine  ( Aphid  iph'ayi)  to  a 
family  of  Coleoptera  which  feed  on 
Aphides:  aphidiph'agous. 

A-phiil'i-us.*  [From  a' phis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  Aphides.  In  the  plural 
masculine  {Aphid’ ii)  applied  to  a family 
of  hemipterous  insects : aphid'ious. 

Apli-I-div'o-rous.  [Aphiiliv'orus; 
from  a' phis,  and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”] 
Eating  aphides. 

A'phis,  idis,*  plural  Aphides,  af'e- 
dez.  The  plant-louse,  the  type  of  a 
family  of  Hemiptera. 

A’phis  Vas-ta'tor.*  A species  of 
aphis  remarkable  for  its  destructive 
powers.  See  Vastator. 

Aph-lo-gis'tic.  [Aphlogis'ticus ; 
from  a,  priv.,  and  0Xo£,  a “ flame.”]  W ith- 
out  flame. 

A-pho'ni-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  (povii, 
the  “voice.”]  Loss  of  voice:  aph'ony. 
A genus  of  the  order  Dyscinesiee , class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  See 
Axaudia,  Vox  Akscissa. 

A-plio'ri-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
(pspio,  to  “bear.”]  Barrenness;  sterility; 
inability  to  conceive  offspring. 

Aph'o-rism.  [From  arpopifa,  to 
“limit,”  to  “define.”]  A maxim.  The 
Aphorisms  of  Hippocrates,  a celebrated 
work,  containing  various  maxims  or 


short,  pithy  sentences  relating  to  medi- 
cine. 

Aph-ro-dis'i-a.  [From  ’A ippo6iTp,Ve 
nus;  ’AcppoSicnog,  “pertaining  to  Venus,” 
“ venereal.”]  Morbid  or  immoderate  de- 
sire of  venery.  The  generative  act.  Also 
termed  Aphrodisiasmus. 

Aphrodisiac,  af-ro-dizh'e-ak.  [Aph- 
rotlisi'acus,  Aphrodis'ius;  from  the 
same.]  Applied  to  medicines  or  food 
supposed  to  excite  sexual  desire  or  to 
increase  the  generative  power. 

Aphrodisiasmus.  Same  as  Apiiro- 
djsia. 

Aph'tha,*  plural  Aph'tlue.  [From 
(orro),  to  “set  on  fire.”]  Ulcers  of  the 
mouth,  beginning  with  numerous  mi- 
nute vesicles  and  terminating  in  white 
sloughs.  Aphthae  constitute  the  charac- 
teristic symptoms  of  “thrush,”  and  also 
occur  in  other  diseases. 

Aph'tthoid.  [Aplithoi'des:  from 
aph'lha,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling aphthae. 

Aphthous.  [Aphtho'sus;  from 
aph'tha.]  Of  the  appearance  or  full  of 
aphthae. 

A-phyl'lous.  [Apliyllus:  from  a, 
priv.,  and  (pvXXov , a “leaf.”]  Without 
leaves. 

Apiaceous,  a-pe-a'shus.  [Apia'- 
ceus.]  Having  an  arrangement  as  in 
Apium. 

Ap-i-ca'lis.#  [From  a’pex,  ap'icis.] 
Belonging  to  the  apex:  ap'ical. 

Ap-I-ca'tus.*  Having  a conspicuous 
apex:  ap'icated. 

A -pic 'u -Ins.-*  [The  diminutive  of 
a! pex.\  A term  used  in  Botany  to  denote 
the  projection  of  the  midrib  beyond  the 
end  of  the  leaf;  a small,  sharp,  short 
point. 

A'pis  Mel-lif'i-ca.*  [A' pis,  a “bee,” 
mel , “honey,”  and  facio,  to  “make.”] 
The  honey-bee,  affording  honey  and  wax. 

A'pl-um.*  A genus  of  the  Linngean 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Umhelli - 
ferae,  including  the  garden-plants  celery 
and  parsley. 

A'piuni  Grav'e-o-lens*  (or  gra- 
ve'o-lens).  The  common  celery.  (Fr. 
Ache,  Ash.)  When  wild,  growing  in  wet 
places,  it  is  acrid  and  poisonous;  when 
cultivated  in  dry  ground  and  partially 
blanched,  it  is  used  as  salad.  It  is 
slightly  aperient  and  carminative. 

A'piuan  5*e- 1 r o-sc-1  i nn eu , •*  other- 
wise called  Feiroscli'amm  Sa-ti'- 
vum.  Common  parsley,  the  root  and 
seeds  of  which  are  diuretic  and  aperient. 

Ap-la-uat'ic.  [Aplanat  icus ; from 
53 


APL 


APP 


j,  priv.,  and  n \avdo),  to  "wander,”  to 
“ err/’]  Corrective  of  the  aberrations 
of  the  rays  of  light. 

A-plas'tic.  [Aplas'ticus;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  nXdaaw,  to  “form.”]  That 
cannot  be  organized. 

Apleuria,*  a-plu're-a.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  nXevpd,  a “rib.”]  An  organic  devia- 
tion characterized  by  the  absence  of  ribs. 

Ap-iieii'ri-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
nvtvpwv,  the  “ lung.”]  An  organic  devia- 
tion characterized  by  the  absence  of  lungs. 

Apnoea,*  ap-ne'a,  or  Ap-neus'ti-a.* 
[From  a,  priv.,  and  nvea),  to  “breathe.”] 
Partial  privation  or  entire  suspension 
of  the  breath. 

Apo.  [Gr.  cbro.]  A prefix  signify- 
ing “from,”  “off,”  “away.”  Before  a 
word  beginning  with  h the  o is  dropped 
and  the  p blended  with  the  following 
letter:  thus,  ajjo-helko  (from  and  and 
cXko)),  to  “draw  away,”  is  contracted 
into  apkelko  (a^tXvoj). 

Ap-o-car'pous.  [Apocarpus ; 
from  and,  “from,”  and  xapndg,  “fruit.”] 
Having  capsules  distinct  from  each  other. 

Ap-o-^e-n®  'sis,**  plural  Ap-o-^e-n©'- 
ses.  [From  and,  “from,”  and  xerow,  to 
“ empty  out.”]  Increased  discharge,  flux, 
or  evacuation. 

Apocymaceae,*  a-pos-se-na'she-e. 
An  order  of  dicotyledonous  plants  in 
some  respects  resembling  Asclepiadacesc, 
but  of  rather  more  suspicious  properties. 
See  Apocynum. 

Apocynaccous,  a-pos-se-na'shus. 
[Apocyna  ceus.]  Applied  to  plants 
resembling  the  Apocynnm,  or  dog’s  bane. 

Ap-o-cyn'e-us.*  Same  as  Apocyna- 
ceus. 

Apocynflra,  or  Apocynine,  a-pos'- 
se-nin.  A bitter  principle  obtained  from 
the  Apocynnm  cannabinum , or  Indian 
hemp,  or  dog’s  bane. 

Apocynnm,*  a-pos'se-num.  A plant 
called  dog’s  bane,  the  root  of  which  is 
sometimes  used  as  an  emetic. 

Ap'o-dei.*  [Formed  in  the  plural  from 
a,  priv.,  and  nov$,  noddg,  a “foot.”]  Lite- 
rally, “without  feet.”  A term  applied 
to  fishes  without  ventrals,  or  fins  which 
correspond  to  legs  and  feet. 

Ap'o-dus.*  [From  the  same.]  With- 
out feet:  ap'odous.  Applied  in  the  plu- 
ral neuter  (Ap'oda)  to  an  order  of  Jia- 
diata  Echinodermata . 

Ap'o-gree.  [Apogse  um ; from  and , 
“from,”  and  yn,  the  “earth.”]  That 
point  of  the  orbit  of  tho  sun,  or  of  a 
planet,  most  distant  from  the  earth. 

Ap-o-neu-ro'gis.*  [Froman-d,  “ from,” 
54 


and  vevpov,  a “nerve.”]  (Fr.  Aponevrose, 
Apo'naVitoz'.)  Expansion  of  a tendon, 
or  tendons,  into  a fibrous  membrane. 

A-popSi'y-sis,*  plural  A-popliy-ses. 
[From  and,  “ from,”  and  c/wco,  to  “ produce,” 
to  “grow.”]  A process  or  protuberance 
of  bone.  Also  applied  to  excrescences 
growing  from  the  receptacle  of  certain 
mosses. 

Ap-o-plec'tic.  [Apoplec'ticus.] 

Pertaining  to  apoplexy. 

Ap-o-plex'I-a  Pul-mo-na'ris.* 

{“  Pulmonary  Apoplexy.”)  Extravasa- 
tion of  blood  in  the  lungs  from  the  rup- 
ture of  vessels. 

Ap'o-pWx-y.  [Apoplex'ia;  from 
and , “from,”  “away,”  and  nXdaooi,  to 
“strike.”  Hence  anonXwacj  signifies  to 
“strike  away,” — i.e.  to  “strike  into  un- 
consciousness or  insensibility;”  so  to 
“faint  away ” means  to  faint  so  com- 
pletely as  to  become  unconscious.]  A 
disease  produced  by  congestion  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vessels  of  the  brain,  and 
causing  a sudden  arrest  of  sense  and 
motion,  the  person  lying  as  if  asleep, 
respiration  and  the  heart’s  action  con- 
tinuing. 

Ap'oplexy,  Cw-ta'ne-ons.  A French 

term  ( apoplcxic  cutanee,  Apo'plex’e'  kii'- 
t&'niP)  for  sudden  determination  of  blood 
to  the  skin  and  adjacent  cellular  mem- 
brane. 

Ap-os-te'ma,  a tis.*  [From  dfoerrjpt, 
to  “depart  from.”]  An  abscess:  an 
ap'osteme.  See  Abscess. 

A-potfli'e-ca-ry.  [Apotheea'rius; 
from  anoOfixri,  a “repository”  or  “store.”] 
One  who  keeps  a store  of  drugs;  one 
who  sells  drugs  and  puts  up  prescrip- 
tions. In  Great  Britain  an  apothecary, 
besides  selling  and  compounding  drugs, 
is  entitled  to  practise  medicine,  and  is 
in  fact  a sort  of  sub-physician. 

Ap-o-the'^I-a,*  Ap-o-tlie'^i-um.* 
[From  anodfixr}.]  A botanical  term  ap- 
plied to  the  receptacle  enclosing  the  re- 
productive corpuscles  in  the  lichens. 

A-poth'e-ma,  a «/*.*  [From  and , and 
Oepa,  a “deposit.”]  A brown  powder 
deposited  when  vegetable  extract  is  sub- 
mitted to  prolonged  evaporation. 

Ap-pa-ra'tus.  [From  ap'paro , ap- 
para'tum,  to  “prepare,”  to  “arrange.”] 
Instruments  or  mechanical  arrange- 
ments for  experimenting,  operating,  etc. 
Sometimes  applied  to  organs  in  animals 
and  plants. 

Ap-pen'dl-$e&  Ep-I-plo'I-^a*.*  In 

Anatomy,  a term  applied  to  prolonga- 
tions of  the  peritonaeum,  filled  with  a 


APP 


AQU 


soft,  fatty  substance,  attached  along  the 
large  intestines  only. 

Ap-pen-dic'u-la.*  [The  diminutive 
of  appen’dix. J A little  appendage,  or 
appendicle. 

Appentlicula  Vermiformis.  See 

Appendix  Vermiformis. 

Ap-pen-clic'u-late.  [Appemlicu- 
la'tus;  from  appendid ula.\  Having 
appendicles. 

Ap-pen'<iix,  icw*  plural  Ap-pen'- 

«ii-$es.  [From  ad,  “to,”  and  pen' do,  to 
"hang"  or  "join."]  A part  of  or  addi- 
tion to  a thing:  an  appendage. 

Appen'dix  Ver-mi-for'inis,*  or 
Appen'dix  £ae'ci  Ver-mi-for'nai».;: 
(The  "worm-shaped  appendage  of  the 
caecum.”)  A small  process  of  the  caecum, 
which  hangs  into  the  pelvis.  It  is 
often  called  the  Append  i d ula  vermi- 
fo/  mis. 

Appert’s  (ap'paiRz')  Process.  A 
method  introduced  by  M.  Appcrt  (apv- 
paiu')  for  preserving  articles  of  food  un- 
changed for  several  years.  The  articles 
are  enclosed  in  bottles,  which  are  filled 
to  the  top  with  any  liquid,  and  hermeti- 
cally closed.  They  are  then  placed  in 
kettles  filled  with  cold  water,  and  sub- 
jected to  heat  till  the  water  boils;  the 
boiling  temperature  is  kept  up  for  a con- 
siderable time,  after  which  the  bottles  are 
suffered  to  cool  gradually.  Instead  of 
bottles,  tin  canisters  are  sometimes  used, 
and  rendered  tight  by  soldering. 

Ap'pe-tence  or  Ap'pe-ten-c^. 
[From  ap'peto,  appeti’ turn,  to  "desire.”] 
The  disposition  of  organized  beings 
to  acquire  and  appropriate  substances 
adapted  to  their  support.  Also  an  ardent 
/ desire  or  longing  for  any  object. 

Ap'pe-tite.  [Appeti'tus;  from  the 
same.]  The  natural  desire  for  food. 
Also,  any  natural  inclination  by  which 
we  are  incited  to  act;  inordinate  desire: 
lust. 

Appetite,  Canine.  See  Bulimia. 

Appetite,  l>epraved.  See  Pica. 

Appetite,  Insatiable.  See  Bu- 

limia. 

Appetite,  Boss  of.  See  Anepi- 

THYMIA. 

Appetite,  Voracious.  See  Bu- 

limia, Adepiiagia. 

Ap'ples,  A^'id  of.  See  Malic  Acid. 

Ap-po-si'tioai.  [Apposi'tio;  from 
ad,  "to,”  or  "on,”  and  po'no,  pos'itum, 
to  " put,”  or  " place.”]  Literally,"  placing 
or  depositing  on”  or  "in  addition  to.” 
Applied  in  Surgery  to  the  supplying  of 
deficient  parts  by  placing  portions  of  the 


adjacent  integuments,  etc.  in  contact. 
Sometimes  used  synonymously  with 
Prosthesis  (which  see).  Also  applied 
to  the  deposition  of  matter  which  takes 
place  in  the  growth  of  the  non-vascular 
tissues,  such  as  horn,  the  nails,  etc. 

Ap-pres'sus.*  [From  ap'primo,  ap- 
pres'8urn,  to  “press  close.”]  A Lrin  in 
Botany,  signifying  "pressed  close  to.” 

Ap'ter-us.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  tttc- 
pov,  a "wing.”]  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Ap'tera ) to  a family  of  insects 
which  have  no  wings:  ap'tcrous. 

A-py-ret'ic.  [Apyret'icus;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  irvperos,  " fever.”]  Having  no 
fever  or  febrile  excitement. 

Ap-y-rex  [From  a,  priv.,  and 

a "fever”  or  "paroxysm.”]  Ab- 
sence of  fever,  or  intermission  of  its 
paroxysms:  ap'yrexy. 

Ap'y-rons.  [From  a,  priv.,  and  s -Up. 
"fire.”J  A term  applied  to  bodies  which 
sustain  the  action  of  a strong  heat  for  a 
long  time  without  change  of  figure  or 
other  properties.  It  is  synonymous  with 
refractory. 

Aq.=  A' qua*  "Water,"  or  A' quae, 
"Of  water.” 

Aq.  Bull.  = Afqua  bul’ liens*  " Boil- 
ing water.” 

Aq.  Destil.  = A’ quae  deslilla’tse * 
"Distilled  water.” 

Aq.  Ferv.  = A’ qua  fer’vens.*  " Hot 
water.” 

Aq.  Font.  = A’ quae  fon’tis  or  fonta’- 
nec.*  "Fountain  or  spring  water.” 

Aq.  Marin.  = A' qua  mari’na.*  " Sea- 
water.” 

Aq.  Pur.  = A’ quae  pu’rae*  "Pure 
water.” 

Aqua,*  a'kwa,  plural  Aquse,  a'kwe. 
[As  if  ae' qua,  from  its  equal  surface.] 
Water:  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond. 
and  Ed  Ph.)  for  spring-water.  Accord- 
ing to  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  "natural 
water  in  the  purest  attainable  state.” 
The  principal  varieties  of  water  (not 
medicated)  are  the  following: — 

A'qua  Destilla'ta.*  [From  destil'lo, 
dest ilia’ turn,  to  " distil.”]  Distilled  water, 
having  a vapid  taste  from  the  absence 
of  air,  and  slightly  empyreumatic,  in 
consequence,  probably,  of  the  presence 
of  a small  quantity  of  extractive  matter 
which  has  undergone  partial  decomposi- 
tion. 

A'qua  ex  Flu'mine.*  [From  flu-men, 
flu’ minis,  a "river.”]  Literally,  "water 
from  the  river.”  River-water,  generally 
of  considerable  purity,  but  liable  to  hold 
in  suspension  particles  of  earthy  matter, 
55 


AQU 


AQU 


wnich  impair  its  transparency  and  some- 
times its  salubrity. 

A'qua  ex  La'cu.*  [From  la'cus,  a 
“lake.”]  Lake-water.  A collection  of 
rain,  spring,  ajid  river  waters,  sometimes 
contaminated  with  various  animal  and 
vegetable  bodies,  which,  from  its  stag- 
nant nature,  have  undergone  putrefac- 
tion in  it. 

A'qua  ex  Ni've.*  [From  nix,  ni'vis, 
“snow.”]  Snow-water,  differing  appa- 
rently from  rain-water  only  in  being 
destitute  of  air,  to  which  water  is  in- 
debted for  its  briskness  and  many  of  its 
good  effects  upon  animals  and  vegeta- 
bles. 

A'qua  ex  Palu'de.*  [From  pa'lus , 
palu'dis,  a “ marsh”  or  “ swamp.”] 
Marsh-water;  the  most  impure,  as  being 
the  most  stagnant,  of  all  water,  and 
generally  loaded  with  decomposing 
vegetable  matter. 

A'qua  ex  Pu'teo.*  [From  pu'teus, 
a “well.”]  Well-water;  essentially  the 
same  as  spring-water,  being  derived 
from  the  same  source,  but  more  liable  to 
impurity  from  its  stagnation  or  slow  in- 
filtration. 

A'qua  Fonta'na.-  [From  fons,fon'tis, 
a “fountain.”]  Spring- water;  contain- 
ing, in  addition  to  carbonic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  lime,  a small  portion  of  mu- 
riate of  soda,  and  frequently  other  salts. 
Spring-water  which  dissolves'  soap  is 
termed  soft;  that  which  decomposes  and 
curdles  it  is  called  hard. 

A'qua  Mari'na.*  [From  ma're,  the 
“sea.”]  Sea- water;  containing  sulphate 
of  soda,  the  muriates  of  soda,  mag- 
nesia, and  lime,  a minute  proportion  of 
potash,  and  various  animal  and  vegetable 
bodies. 

A'qua  Pluvia'lis.*  [From  a'qua , 
“water,”  and  plu'via , “rain.”]  Rain- 
water; the  purest  form  of  natural  water, 
yet  holding  in  solution  carbonic  acid,  a 
minute  portion  of  carbonate  of  lime,  and 
traces  of  muriate  of  lime. 

Aqua  Ammonia;.  See  Liquor  Am- 
monite. 

Aqua  Amygdala*  Amarrc.  See 

Bitter  Almonds,  Water  of. 

A'qua  Bl-nel'll.*  An  Italian  quack 
medicine,  supposed  to  be  a solution  of 
creasote,  and  celebrated  at  Naples  for 
arresting  haemorrhage. 

Aqua  Calcis.  See  Liquor  Calcis. 

Aqua  ( anig>lior:e.  See  Camphor. 

A'qua  Cha-lyb-e-a'ta.*  An  arfifi- 
6ial  mineral  water,  consisting  of  a solu- 
tion of  citrate  of  iron  highly  charged 
56 


with  carbonic  acid  gas  and  flavored  by 
a little  aromatized  syrup. 

A'qua  For'tis.*  (“  Strong  Water.”) 

A name  formerly  applied  to  nitric  acid, 
on  account  of  its  powerfully  corrosive 
properties.  It  is  distinguished  by  the 
terms  double  and  siiujle,  the  latter  being 
only  half  the  strength  of  the  former. 
Concentrated  nitric  acid,  however,  is 
much  stronger  even  than  double  nitric 
acid. 

A'qua  Re'gi-su*  (“Royal  Water.”) 

A mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids. 

A'qua  Vi 'tie.*  (“Water  of  Life.”) 
Ardent  spirits  of  the  first  distillation. 

Aquae,*  a' k we,  gen.  A>qiia'niin,  the 
plural  of  A'qua.  “Water.” 

A'quae  Min-e-ra'les.*  [From  viine- 
ra'lis,  a modern  Latin  term  for  our  word 
“mineral.”]  “Mineral  waters;”  a term 
conventionally  applied  to  such  waters 
as  are  distinguished  from  spring,  lake, 
river,  or  other  waters  by  peculiarities 
of  color,  taste,  smell,  or  real  or  supposed 
medicinal  effects.  Mineral  waters  are 
of  four  principal  kinds: — 

Acid'ulous.  Owing  their  properties 
chiefly  to  carbonic  acid:  they  are  tonic 
and  diuretic,  and  in  large  doses  produce 
a transient  exhilaration. 

Chalyb'eate.  Containing  iron  in  the 
form  of  sulphate,  carbonate,  or  muriate: 
they  have  a styptic,  inky  taste. 

Sa-line'.  Mostly  purgative,  and  ad- 
vantageously employed  in  those  hypo- 
chondriacal and  visceral  diseases  which 
require  continued  and  moderate  relaxa- 
tion of  the  bowels. 

Sulphu'reous.  Deriving  their  cha- 
racter from  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

Aqua;  Stillatitiae,*  a'kwe  stil-la-  ' 
tish'e-e,  also  called  Aquae  Destilla'- 
tae.*  Distilled  waters;  waters  impreg- 
nated with  the  essential  oil  of  vegetables, 
principally  designed  as  grateful  vehicles 
for  the  exhibition  of  more  active  reme- 
dies. 

Aq'ue-<Iuct.  [Aqnaeduc'tus;  from 

a'qua,  “water,”  and  duc'tus,  a “canal” 
or  “passage.”]  Literally,  a “passage 
for  water,”  though  applied  in  Anatomy 
to  several  canals  in  the  body  not  always 
containing  fluid. 

Aq'ueduct  of  the  Coch'le-a.  [Aq- 
uaeduc'tus  Coclt'leee.]  A foramen  of 
the  temporal  bone,  for  the  transmission 
of  a small  vein  from  the  cochlea. 

Aq'ueiluet  of  Fal-lo'pl-us.  [Aq- 
uaMluc'tiiN  lallopii.]  The  canal  by 
which  the  portio  dura  winds  through  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone 


AQU 


ARB 


Aq'uwhict  of  Syl'vi-us.  [Aqnse- 
(luc'tus  Syl'vii.]  The  canal  which 
extends  backwards  under  the  tubercula 
quadrigemina  into  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain. 

Aq'uecluct  of  the  Ves-tib'n-lum 
or  of  the  Ves'ti-bfile  [Aqiucdnc'tus 
Vestib'uli],  also  called  the  Aq'uechiet 
of  Co-tun/ni-us  [Aquseduc'tus  €o- 
tuii'nii].  The  commencement  of  a 
small  canal  which  opens  upon  the  pos- 
terior surface  of  the  petrous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone  of  the  cranium  and 
transmits  a small  vein. 

Aqueous,  a'kwe-us.  A term  now 
coming  into  use  for  designating  definite 
combinations  with  water.  The  term 
hydrate  has  long  been  employed  for  the 
same  purpose.  A prefix  is  used  when 
there  is  more  than  one  atom,  as  in  bin- 
aqueous,  ter-hydrate. 

Aq  ueous  ISu'mor.  A colorless 
fluid  in  the  anterior  and  posterior  cham- 
bers of  the  eye. 

Aquila,*  ak'wi-la.  Literally,  an 
"eagle.”  A term  which  had  formerly 
many  epithets  joined  with  it  to  denote 
particular  substances:  thus,  aquila  alba , 
seu  mitigata,  was  one  of  the  fanciful 
names  of  calomel. 

Aquula,*  ak'wul-a.  [The  diminutive 
of  a'quay  “ water.”]  Literally,  a “ small 
particle  of  water.”  Applied  to  any 
small  aqueous  tumor,  and  sometimes  to 
a fatty  tumor  under  the  skin  of  the 
eyelid. 

Aq'uula  A-cous'ti-ca.*  The  fluid 
in  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule  of  the  in- 
ternal ear. 

Ar'a-bic,  Gum.  See  Gummi  Acacia. 
[This  word  is  very  often  pronounced 
a-rd'bic,  a fault  to  be  most  carefully 
avoided  by  all  those  who  desire  to  speak 
correctly.] 

Araeeae,*  a-ra'she-e,  or  Aroideae,* 
ar-o-i'de-e.  The  Arum  tribe  of  monoco- 
tyledonous  plants,  containing  an  acrid 
and  in  some  cases  a highly  dangerous 
principle. 

A-rach'iii-da,*  A-racIi  'ni-des.* 

[From  dp'i\vr],  a “ spider.”]  The  third 
class  of  the  Diplo-gangliata  or  Ento- 
moida,  comprising  articulated  animals, 
generally  with  four  pairs  of  legs,  with- 
out wings  or  metamorphosis. 

A-racb-aai'tis,  i dis.%  [From  dpdxn i, 
a “spider,”  also  a “spider’s  web.”]  A 
faulty  term,  denoting  inflammation  of 
the  arachnoid  membrane. 

A-raoli'noid.  [Araclmoi'des ; 
from  dpdxrrj,  a “spider’s  web,”  and  ridoj, 
6 


“form”  or  “resemblance.”]  Resembling 
a spider’s  web.  Applied  to  the  second 
or  middle  membrane  of  the  brain. 

Arachnoid  Canal.  See  Bichat, 
Canal  op. 

Arach'noid  Mem  brane.  Meninx 
media.  The  fine  cobieeb-like  membrane 
situated  between  the  dura  and  pia  mater. 
It  is  the  serous  membrane  of  the  cerebro- 
spinal centres. 

A-racBi'no-i-di'tis,*  or  A-raeti-m'- 

tis.*  Inflammation  of  the  arachnoid 
membrane. 

Arack.  See  Arrack. 

Ar-se-oin'e-ter,  or  Ar-e-om'e-ter. 

[From  dpaiog , “thin,”  “light,”  and  perpov, 
a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for  de- 
termining the  specific  gravity  of  liquids 
into  which  it  is  plunged,  by  the  depth 
to  which  its  weight  causes  it  to  sink  in 
them.  This  instrument  is  also  termed  a 
hydrorn'eter.  The  art  or  process  of 
measuring  the  density  or  gravity  of 
liquids  is  termed  arseom’etry. 

A-ra'li-a  Can-a-den'sis.*  Another 
name  for  the  Panax  Quinquefoliunt,  or 
Ginseng. 

Ara'lia  His'pl-da,*  or  Dwarf  Elder. 
A plant  sometimes  used  in  dropsy  in  the 
form  of  decoction. 

Ara’lia  Nu-di-cau'lis,*  or  Wild  Sar- 
saparilla, is  a stimulant  tonic  and  dia- 
phoretic. It  is  sometimes  used  as  a sub- 
stitute for  the  true  sarsaparilla.  It  is 
known  also  by  the  names  of  American 
Spikenard  (Na/dus  America' nm)  and 
Small  Spikenard,  etc. 

Ara'lia  Ra^-e-mo'sa,*  or  American 
Spikenard,  is  analogous  in  its  medical 
properties  to  the  preceding. 

Araliaceae,*  a-ra-le-a'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  plants  of  the  Aralia  tribe. 

A-ra-li-a'ceous.  [Aralia'ceus.] 
Having  an  arrangement  as  in  the  Aralia. 

Ar-a-ne  i-dae.*  [From  ara'nea , a 
“ spider.”]  A family  of  the  Arachnides 
Pulmonarise. 

A-ra/ne-ous.  [Araneo'sus ; from 
ara'nenm , a “ spider’s  web.”]  Of  the 
nature  of  spider’s  web. 

Arantii  (a-ran'she-i),  Cor'pd-ra.-3 
Small  tubercles,  one  in  each  semilunar 
valve  of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  arte- 
ries ; called  also  Corpora  sesamoidea  and 
Nodnli  A ranti i. 

Ar  bor,  or is.*  A “tree.”  A plant 
having  a single  trunk,  rising  high,  dura- 
ble, woody,  and  divided  into  branches 
which  do  not  perish  in  winter.  In 
Chemistry  it  is  applied  to  any  crystalli- 
zation which  ramifies  like  a tree. 

57 


ARB 


ARC 


Ai  'foor  IM-a'nse.*  A “ silver  tree.” 
[From  Dia’na,  the  “moon/’  and  hence, 
like  luna,  denoting  “ silver.”]  A beau- 
tiful arborescent  precipitate  of  silver 
produced  by  throwing  mercury  into  a 
dilute  solution  of  lunar  caustic  (nitrate 
of  silver). 

Ar  bor  Ma'ris.*  [From  ma're,  gen. 
maria,  the  “ sea.”]  The  “tree  of  the 
sea.”  A name  given  to  coral. 

Ar  bor  Mm-e-ra'lis  Pliil-o-sopla'- 
I-ca,*  Ar  bor  PSii-loso-pBio'rum.* 

The  Arbor  Di arise. 

Ar'bor  Vi'tse.*  [From  rt'<a,  “life.”] 
Literally,  the  “ tree  of  life.”  Applied  to 
the  thick  mass  of  white  substance  in 
either  hemisphere  of  the  cerebellum. 
This  mass,  when  cut  parallel  to  the 
median  line,  presents  an  arborescent  or 
tree-like  appearance,  caused  by  the  in- 
termixture of  the  white  substance  with 
the  cineritious.  Also  applied  to  the  tree 
called  Thuya  Occidenta' fis. 

Ar-bo'rc-oais.  [Arbo  reus;  from 
ar'bor,  a “tree.”]  Belong  ng  to  a tree; 
dendroid. 

Ar-bo-res'^ent.  [Arbores'cens ; 

from  arbor  es'  co,  to  “grow  like  a tree.”] 
Growing  like  a tree;  resembling  a 
tree. 

Ar-bus'cu-la.*  [The  diminutive  of 
ar'bor,  a “tree.”]  Applied  to  the  bran- 
chiae of  certain  Anellata:  an  ar'buscule 
or  ar'buscle. 

Ar'budus  U'va  Ur'si.*  The  trailing 
arbutus,  or  bear’s  whortleberry;  now 
called  Arctostaphylos  uva  ursi. 

Arc.  [Ar'cus;  see  Arch.]  Any  part 
of  the  circumference  of  a circle. 

Ar'ca  Ar-ca-no'rum.*  Literally,  a 
“chest  of  secrets.”  The  alchemical  name 
of  the  philosopher’s  stone. 

Ar-ca'na,*  gen.  Ar-ca-no'rum,  the 
plural  of  Arcanum,  which  see. 

Ar-ca'num.*  [From  ar'ca,  a “chest” 
or  “coffer”  in  which  precious  things 
were  carefully  kept.]  A secret.  A nos- 
trum or  medicine  the  composition  of 
which  is  concealed. 

Arch.  [Ar'cus.]  Literally,  a “bow.” 
A bending  in  the  form  of  a bow.  Any. 
arc.  or  part  of  the  circumference  of  a 
circle. 

Arch,  Fem'o-ral.  [Ar'cus  Fein- 

ora'lis.]  The  name  of  a considerable 
arch  formed  over  the  concave  border  of 
the  pelvis.  It  is  bounded  above  by 
Poupart’s  ligament,  below  by  the  border 
of  the  pubes  and  ilium.  Also  termed  the 
crural  arch. 

Arch  of  the  A-or'ty.  The  curved 
58 


parts  between  the  ascending  and  de- 
scending portions. 

Archencephalus,*  ark-en-sefa-lus. 
[From  dpxos,  “chief,”  and  zyK£(ba\ov,  the 
“brain.”]  Applied  by  Galen  to  man, 
because  of  the  intellectual  development 
of  his  brain  : archenceph'alous. 

Ar-«  he-olo-gy.  [ Arcliaeolo'gia ; 
from  apxalog,  “ ancient,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  A discourse  or  treatise 
on  ancient  things  or  antiquities.  The 
science  or  knowledge  of  antiquities. 

Ar'che-type.  [ Archet'ypus ; from 
apxn,  “beginning,”  “origin,”  and  rvnog, 
a “type.”]  The  original  type  on  which 
others  are  formed. 

Ar'chil  ( ch  as  in  child).  A violet-red 
paste,  prepared  from  the  Lichen  Roc- 
cella,  or  Orseille,  and  other  species  of 
lichen,  and  used  in  dyeing. 

The  plant  (Lichen  Roccella),  reduced 
to  a pulp  and  treated  with  impure  am- 
moniacal  liquor,  yields  a rich  purple 
tincture,  called  litmus,  or  turnsole,  used 
in  Chemistry  as  a test. 

Ar-diop-to'ma,*  or  Ar-cliop-to'- 
sis.*  [From  dpxd<g,  the  “ anus,”  and  n ruipa, 
or  7 TTuxng,  a “falling.”]  Prolapsus  ani. 
A descent  of  the  rectum.  See  Prolap- 
sus. 

Ar-cho-syr'inx.*  [From  ap\6g , the 
“anus,”  and  ovpiy£,  a “pipe,”  “fistula.”] 
Another  term  for  fistula  in  ano. 

Ar'$i-form.  [ Arcifor'inis ; from 
ar'cus,  a “bow”  or  “arch.”]  Formed 
like  an  arch. 

Ar'ciform  Fi'bres.  A term  applied 
by  Mr.  Solly  to  a set  of  fibres  which 
proceed  from  the  corpus  pyramidale 
and  pass  outwards  beneath  the  corpus 
olivare  to  the  cerebellum.  He  distin- 
guishes them  into  two  layers,  the  super- 
ficial cerebellar  and  deep  cerebellar  fibres. 

Arctatio,*  ark-ta'she-o.  [From  arc  to, 
arcta'tum,  to  “bind  closely,”  to  “make 
narrow.”]  Constipation  of  the  intes- 
tines; also,  a preternatural  contraction 
of  the  vagina. 

Arc'tic.  [Arc'ticus:  Gr.  dpicriKog, 
“belonging  to  the  north,”  from  'A p*erog, 
the  constellation  called  “ The  Bear,” 
situated  near  the  North  Pole.]  North; 
northern. 

Arc'tic  Cir'clo.  A circle  extending 
23£  degrees  from  the  North  Pole,  mark- 
ing that  portion  of  the  northern  hemi- 
sphere within  which  the  sun  at  the  sum- 
mer solstice  does  not  set. 

Arc'ti-um  Fap'pa.*  The  herb  called 
I burdock,  belonging  to  the  Linnaean  class 
Synyenesia  and  to  the  natural  order 


ARC 


ARG 


Composite.  The  seeds  are  cathartic, 
the  root  diuretic  and  diaphoretic.  A 
decoction  of  the  leaves  is  sometimes  used 
in  cutaneous  diseases. 

Arc-to-stapli'y-Ios.*  [From  dpKrog,  a 
“bear,”  and  ora^uXr/,  a “grape.”]  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Decandria, 
natural  order  Ericaceae  or  Ericineae. 
The  term  signifies  the  same  as  uva  ursi, 
i.e.  “bear-grape.” 

ArctostapSi'ylos  U'va  Ur 'si.*  An- 
other name  for  the  Arbutus  uva.  ursi. 
See  Uva  Ursi. 

Ar-cu-a'lis.*  [From  a/cuo , to  “bend 
like  a bow.”]  Applied  to  the  coronal 
suture,  or  Sutura  arcua'lis,  and  to  the 
temporal  bones,  or  Os' 8 a arcua'lia. 

Arcuatio,*  ar-ku-a'she-o.  [From  ar'- 
cuo,  arena' turn,  to  “bend  like  a bow.”] 
A gibbosity,  or  curvature,  of  the  dorsal 
vertebrae,  the  sternum,  or  the  tibia. 

Ar  cus.5*  A bow,  arc,  or  arch.  The 
periphery  of  any  part  of  a circle. 

Ar'cus  Se-ni'lis.*  A peculiar  arched, 
or  circular,  opaque  appearance  on  the 
eyes  of  old  men,  round  the  margin  of 
the  cornea. 

Ar-de'i-dse.*  [From  ar'dea,  a 
“heron.”]  A family  having  the  Ardea 
for  their  type. 

Ar'dent  Si>ir'its.  [From  a/den*, 
“burning,”  a participle  of  a/deo,  to  “be 
hot,”  to  “burn.”]  A term  applied  to  dis- 
tilled alcoholic  liquors. 

Ar'dor,  o'r?V*  [From  ar'deo,  to 
“burn.”]  Intense  or  morbidly  increased 
sensation  of  heat. 

Ar'dor  Fe-bri'Iis.*  Feverish  or 
febrile  heat. 

Ar'dor  U-ri'nae.*  A sensation  in 
the  inflamed  urethra  as  if  the  passing 
urine  were  scalding  hot. 

Ar'dor  Veai-tric'u-li.*  Heartburn ; 
also  called  Ar'dor  stom'achi. 

A're-a.:i;*  An  open  space.  The  in- 
ternal capacity  of  any  given  boundary 
or  limit. 

A'rea  Dif'fluens  [from  dif’jluo,  to 
“spread”]  and  A'rea  Ser'pexs  [from 
ser'po , to  “creep”]  are  terms  applied  by 
Celsus  to  different  forms  of  baldness. 
The  latter  is  the  same  as  Ophiasis, 
which  see. 

A'rea  €rer-mS-na-ti'va.*  An  opaque 
spot  on  the  blastodermic  vesicle  in  an 
egg,  opposite  to  the  insertion  of  the 
Mesometrium. 

A'rea  O-pa'ca.*  A dull  circle  sur- 
rounding the  Area  pellucida,  formed  by 
She  Area  germinativa  becoming  clear  in 
the  centre.  See  preceding  article. 


A-re'ca.*  The  betel-nut,  the  fruit  of 
the  Are'ea  Cat'cchu,  belonging  to  the 
natural  order  Palmse.  It  is  tonic  and 
astringent,  and  forms  one  of  the  princi- 
pal ingredients  of  the  Betel,  so  exten- 
sively used  in  the  East  as  a masticatory. 
See  Betel. 

Ar-e-fac'tion.  [Arefac'tio,  o'nis; 
from  a'reo,  “to  be  dry,”  and  fa’cio,  to 
“make.”]  .A  mode  of  drying  medicinal 
substances,  by  which  they  may  be  re- 
duced to  dust  or  powder. 

Ar-e-na'ceous.  [Arena'ceus;  from 
are'na,  “sand.”]  Of  the  nature  of  sand; 
sandy. 

Ar-e-na'ri-ous.  [Arena'rius;  from 
are'na , “ sand.”]  Growing  in  sandy 
soil. 

Ar-e-nic'o-la,*  and  Ar-e-nic'o- 

lus.*  [From  are'na , “ sand,”  and  co'lo, 
to  “inhabit.”]  Inhabiting  sandy  places. 

Ar'e-nose.  [Areno'sus;  from  are'na, 
“sand.”]  Full  of  sand;  sandy. 

A-re'o-la.*  [The  diminutive  of  a'rea.] 
The  halo,  or  small  reddish  or  brownish 
circular  space,  round  the  nipple  of 
females.  Also  applied  to  the  circle  sur- 
rounding certain  pustules,  such  as  the 
vaccine  pustule. 

Are'ola  Pap-il-la'ris.*  [From 
papil'l a,  a “nipple.”]  The  areola  round 
the  nipple.  See  Areola. 

A-re'o-lae*  (the  plural  of  are'ola ) is 
used  by  anatomists  to  denote  the  in- 
terstices between  the  fibres  of  an  organ, 
or  between  vessels  interlacing  with  each 
other. 

A-re'o-lar.  [Areola'ris:  from  are'- 
ola, a “small,  open  space.”]  Containing 
areolae,  or  small  spaces.  Areolar  tissue 
is  the  cellular  tissue  of  some  writers, 
named  from  the  interstices  which  it  con- 
tains. 

A-re'o-lat-ed.  [Areola'tus.]  Hav- 
ing areolae. 

Areometer  and  Areometry.  See 

Araeometer. 

Ar'g:and  Lamp.  A name  applied 
to  lamps  with  hollow  or  circular  wicks, 
first  invented  by  Argand  about  1782. 
The  intention  of  them  is  to  furnish  a 
more  rapid  supply  of  air  to  the  flame, 
and  to  afford  this  air  to  the  centre  as 
well  as  to  the  outside  of  the  flame. 

Ar'ge-m#  or  Ar'^e-moat.*  [From 
dpyog,  “white.”]  A small  white  ulcer  of 
the  eye,  described  by  Hippocrates. 

Ar-g*e-iii©'ne.*  [From  apyepov,  a 
“disease  of  the  eye,” — named  from  the 
supposed  virtues  of  one  species  in  curing 
diseases  of  the  eye.]  A genus  of  plants 
59 


ARG 


ARM 


belonging  to  the  poppy  tribe,  or  Papa- 
veracese.  The  Argemo'ne  Mexica'  na,  or 
Thorn  Poppy,  contains  a juice  which, 
when  dried,  resembles  gamboge,  and  has 
been  used  as  a hydragogue  cathartic. 
The  seeds  are  sometimes  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  ipecacuanha. 

Argen-tate  of  Am-mo'nl-a.  The 
substance  otherwise  called  Fulminating 
Silver,  which  see. 

Ar-^enti  Ni'tras.*  “Nitrate  of 
Silver,”  or  lunar  caustic ; one  of  the  most 
important  and  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensively used  of  all  caustic  substances. 

Ar-gen-tif'er-ous.  [Argentif*'- 
erus;  from  argen'tum,  “silver,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing,  or  con- 
taining silver.  Applied  to  minerals  or  ores. 

Ar'gen-tine.  [Argenti'mis;  from 
argen'tum , “silver.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance, brightness,  or  clear  sound  of 
silver. 

Ar'gentine  Flow'ers  of  An'ti- 
mo-ny.  The  sesquioxide  of  antimony, 
frequently  occurring  in  the  form  of 
small,  shining  needles  of  silvery  white- 
ness. See  Antimony. 

Ar-gen'tum.*  [From  apyog,  “white.”] 
Silver;  the  whitest  of  metals.  It  occurs 
native, — that  is,  in  the  metallic  state, — 
and  is  also  obtained  from  the  ores  of 
lead.  It  is  employed  in  Pharmacy 
chiefly  or  solely  in  the  preparation  of 
the  nitrate. 

Argen'tum  Fo-li-a'taim.*  [From 

f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Silver-leaf;  used  for 
covering  pills  and  other  substances. 

Argen'tum  Fu-gi-ti'vum,*  Ar- 
gentum Mob'i>le.$  The  Argentum 
vivum , or  quicksilver. 

Argentum  MUisivum.  See  Mosaic 
Silver. 

Argen'tum  Vi  vum.-  The  metal 
Hgdrar'gt/rum , or  mercury;  quicksilver. 

Ar-gil'la.*  [From  apyog , “white.”] 
Alumina,  or  pure  clay:  ar'gil. 

Ar-gil-Sa'ceous.  [Argilla'ceus : 
from  argil' la,  “clay.”]  Of  the  nature 
of  clay. 

Ar-gil-lif 'er-ous.  [Argillif 'erus ; 

from  argil' la,  “clay,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Containing  clay  as  an  acci- 
dental ingredient. 

Ar'gil-loul.  [Argilloi'des;  from 

argil' la,  “clay,”  and  cidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  argil. 

Ar'gttl,  or  Ar'gal.  [Fr.  Tartre  brut, 
tautu  brii ; “raw”  or  “coarse  tartar.”] 
Wine-stone,  or  crude  tartar;  an  acidu- 
lous concrete  salt,  deposited  by  wine,  and 
used  by  dyers  as  a mordant. 

60 


Ar-gyr'i-a.*  [From  apyvpog , “silver.”] 
Disease  caused  by  the  use,  or  abuse,  of 
salts  of  silver. 

Ariiytlunous,  a-rith'mus.  [A- 
rliyth'mus;  from  a,  priv.,  and  [mOpog, 
“number.”]  Without  rhythm  or  regu- 
larity of  the  pulse. 

Ar-i-^i  na.-  An  alkaloid  found  in 
cinchona  bark,  and  very  analogous  in 
its  properties  to  cinchonia  and  quinia. 
These  three  alkaloids  may  be  viewed  as 
oxides  of  the  same  compound  radicle. 

Ar'il,*  or  A-ril'lus.*  [From  a'reo,  to 
“be  dried  up.”]  A botanical  term,  sig- 
nifying a peculiar  exterior  coat  of  some 
seeds;  thus  the  mace  is  the  aril  of  the 
nutmeg. 

Ar'il-late  or  Ar'il-lat-ed.  [Aril- 

la'tus.]  Having  arils;  formed  like  an 
aril. 

Arillus.  See  Aril. 

A-ris'ta.*  [From  a'reo,  to  “ be  dry.”] 
A term  in  Botany,  denoting  the  beard 
of  the  husk  of  grasses;  the  awn. 

A-ris'tate.  [Arista'tus ; from 
aris'ta .]  Having  an  awn  or  long  rigid 
spine;  awned;  bearded. 

A-ris-to-lo'chi-a,*  or  A-ris  to-lo- 
elii'a.*  [From  apiorog,  the  “best,”  and 
Xoxeia,  or  \6\Xa,  “childbirth;”  also,  “Lo- 
chia” (which  see);  because  it  promotes 
recovery  after  childbirth.]  Birthwort. 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Ggnandria, 
natural  order  Aristolochiace.se . 

Aris  tolo  'cl»  ia  8er-  pen-t  a ' ri-a.* 
The  Serpenta'ria  Virginia' na,  or  Virgi- 
nia Snake-Root:  so  named  because  sup- 
posed to  be  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of 
serpents.  It  is  a stimulant  and  tonic, 
and  is  given  in  cases  of  debility,  and 
especially  in  intermitt ents. 

A-ris-to-lo'clii-se,-  the  plural  of 
Aristolochia.  The  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Aris- 

TOLOCHTACEA3. 

Aristolochiacese,*  a-ris-to-lo-ke- 
a'she-e,  or  A-ris-to-lo'elii-ae.*  A 

natural  order  of  plants  resembling  the 
Aristolochia.  They  are  tonic  and  stimu- 
lant. 

Arm.  [Bra'oliium.]  The  upper  ex- 
tremity from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 
divided  by  the  elbow-joint  into  the  arm 
proper  and  the  fore- arm. 

Ar-ma'rl-uin.*  [From  ar'ma , “arms” 
or  “ implements.”]  A store  of  medicines, 
instruments,  Ac. 

Ar-vne'nl-an  Bole.  [Bo'ltis  Ar- 
nic'ni.e.]  A pale,  red-colored  earth, 
used  as  a remedy  anainst  aphAse;  also 
in  tooth-powders,  etc. 


ARM 


ARS 


Ar-milla,* plural  Ar-mil'lse.  [From 
armiVla , a “ bracelet.”]  The  name  of 
the  membranous  ligaments  confining  the 
tendons  of  the  carpus. 

Ar'mil-la-ry.  [Armilla'ris;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  in  Astronomy  to 
an  artificial  sphere  formed  of  circles, 
representing  orbs  of  celestial  bodies. 
Also  a term  applied  to  plants  having 
leaves  like  bracelets. 

Armora'cise  (ar-mo-ra'she-e)  Ra'- 
dix.;;:  Horseradish-root.  See  Coch- 
LEARIA  ArMOIIACIA. 

Ar  raus.*  [From  dp/xdg,  a “joint.”] 
The  shoulder  or  arm. 

A r-11  al 'cli-a.*  A disease  formerly 
known  in  England,  and  attended  with 
alopecia,  or  baldness. 

Ar'ni-ca.*  [From  *pg,  apvog,  a “lamb ;” 
from  the  softness  of  its  leaf.]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Syngenesia, 
natural  order  Composite.  Also,  the  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  for  Arnica  montana. 

Ar'nica  Mon-ta'na.*  Leopard’s 
bane.  This  plant  is  celebrated  as  a 
remedy  for  bruises,  and  hence  has  been 
called  panace' a lapso'rum  (the  “pana- 
cea of  the  fallen,” — i.e.  of  those  who  have 
had  a fall  occasioning  a severe  injury). 

Ar'ni-$in.  [Araiici'na.]  A bitter 
resin,  the  active  principle  of  Arnica 
montana. 

A-roi'de-ous.  [Aroi'dews;  from 
M'rum, “ Wake-robin, ”anda(5o;, a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  Arum,  or  Wake-robin. 
The  Latin  term  in  the  plural  feminine 
( Aroi'dese ) forms  the  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  A raceme. 

A-ro'ma,*  gen.  A-ro'ma-tis,  plural 
A-ro'ma-ta.  [Perhaps  from  dpi,  in- 
tensive, and  65pn,  “odor.”]  The  fragrant 
principle  of  plants  and  substances  de- 
rived from  them. 

Ar-o-mat'ic.  [Aromat'icias;  from 
aro'ma .]  Odoriferous;  having  an  agree- 
able smell,  as  spices  and  such  sub- 
stances. 

Ar-o-mat'i-cus  €©r'4ex.*  (“Aro- 
matic bark.”)  The  bark  of  Canella  alba , 
or  wild  cinnamon. 

Arquebusade,  Eaud’  (Fr.)5o-daRk'- 
bii'z&d'.  [From  ar'quebus,  a “hand- 
gun.”] A'qua  Vulnera'ria . A lotion 
composed  of  vinegar,  sulphuric  acid, 
honey,  alcohol,  and  various  aromatics; 
originally  applied  to  wounds  inflicted 
by  the  arquebus. 

Ar'racR,  or  Ar-ralt',  written  also 
Ar'aclt.  An  intoxicating  beverage 
made  in  India  by  distilling  fermented 
juice  of  various  kinds,  but  especially 
6* 


from  toddy,  the  sweet  sap  of  the  palm-tree. 

Arra-j^o-nate.  A species  of  carbon- 
ate of  lime,  from  Aragon,  in  Spain. 

Arrectores  Pilorunn.  See  PiloruM 
Arrectores. 

Ar-rest/ed.  A term  used  in  obstetrics 
when  the  head  of  the  child  is  hindered, 
but  not  impacted,  in  the  pelvic  cavity, — 
a distinction  of  the  greatest  importance. 

Ar'row-Root.  The  fecula  or  starch 
from  the  root  of  the  Maranta  arundina- 
cea  and  M.  Indica,  named  from  its 
supposed  efficacy  in  poisoned  wounds 
(wounds  from  poisoned  arrows).  Ar- 
row-root is  also  obtained  from  the  root 
of  the  Arum  mocnlatiim  and  other  plants. 

Arrow -Shaped.  See  Sagittate  and 
Sagittalis. 

Ar-se'ni-ate.  [Arse'nias,  ti'tis; 

from  arsen'icum  a^'idum.]  A combina- 
tion of  arsenious  acid  with  any  base. 

Ar'scn-ic.  [Arseii'icuni;  from 
dpcrjv,  “masculine,”  “vigorous;”  in  allu- 
sion to  its  strong  and  acrimonious  pro- 
perties.] A metal  plentifully  met  with 
in  nature,  generally  in  union  with  sul- 
phur, or  with  other  metals,  or  with  oxy- 
gen, etc.  Though  arsenic  in  its  metallic 
state  is  not  dangerous,  it  is  readily  con- 
verted into  a poisonous  oxide,  and  all 
of  its  soluble  compounds  are  more  or 
less  poisonous.  Arsenic  is  also  the  com- 
mon name  for  arsenious  acid,  somt  times 
called  white  oxide  of  arsenic,  ai  sen'icvm 
al' bum  (“white  arsenic”),  ratsbane,  and 
other  names.  This  is  the  most  common 
form  in  which  arsenic  is  found  in  com- 
merce. The  only  known  antidote  for 
this  poison  is  the  hydrated  sesquioxide 
(or  peroxide)  of  iron,  which  has  been 
found  much  more  efficacious  when  freshly 
prepared.  This  substance  produces  (by 
a transfer  of  a portion  of  the  oxygen 
from  the  iron  to  the  acid)  an  insoluble 
and  therefore  inert  subarseniate  of  the 
protoxide  of  iron.  That  this  antidote 
may  be  perfectly  successful,  it  should  be 
preceded  by  the  use  of  emetics,  or  the 
stomach-pump.  See  Poisons. 

Ar-sen'i-cal.  [Arsenica'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  arsenic  or  arsenious  acid. 

Arsenical  Paste.  See  Pate  Arsen- 
icale. 

Arseniealis  Liquor.  See  Liquor 

Arsenicalis. 

Ar-sen'i-ci  Al'bnm  Ox'yd-um 
Ve-Bia'le.*  (The  “white  oxide  of  ar- 
senic of  commerce.”)  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  (Dub.  Ph.)  of  arsenious  acid, 
or  sublimed  oxide  of  arsenic. 

Ar-sen'i-cum  Album.*  (“White 

61 


ARS 


ART 


arsenic  ”)  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(Ed.  Ph.)  of  arsenious  acid,  or  sesqui- 
oxide  of  arsenic. 

Ar-se'ni-ous  Ac'icl.  The  Acidum 
arseniomm  (U.  S.  and  British  Ph.),  Ar- 
senicum album  (Ed.  Ph.),  or  sesquioxide 
of  arsenic,  Arsenici  album  oxydum  venale 
(Dub.  Ph.).  See  Arsenic. 

Ar'se-nlte.  [Ar'senis,  i'to*.]  A com- 
bination of  arsenious  acid  with  a base. 

Arseniuret,  ar-sen'yu-ret.  [Ar- 
seniure'tuni.]  A combination  of  ar- 
senic with  a metallic  or  other  base. 

Ar-seno-vin'ic  A^'iil.  An  acid  pro- 
duced by  the  action  of  arsenic  on  alcohol. 

Ar-tan'tlie  E-lon-g-a'ta.*  A name 
of  the  Matico  plant.  See  Matico. 

Artemisia,*  ar-te-mish'e-a.  [Gr. 
’A pTS/xuria,  perhaps  because  sacred  to  Di- 
ana, in  Greek  *A prefug.]  A Linnaean  genus 
of  the  natural  order  Composite. 

Artemisia  A-brot/a-iium,*  or 
Southernwood,  formerly  used  as  a tonic 
and  anthelmintic. 

Artemis'ia  Ab-sin'tlii-um.*  Com- 
mon wormwood,  also  called  Absinthium 
commune  and  Absinthium  vulgare . 

Artemis'ia  €3ii-nen 'sis.*  The  Chi- 
nese wormwood,  or  mugwort  of  China. 

Artemis'ia  fidra-eunc'u-lus.*  Tar- 
ragon : a plant  which  is  used  to  impart 
a peculiar  stimulating  flavor  to  vinegar. 

Artemis'ia  In 'dl-ca.*  Indian  worm- 
wood, used  similarly  to  Chinensis. 

Artemis'ia  Ju-da'i-ca.*  The  same 
as  Artemisia  Santonica. 

Artemis'ia  Eat  I-fo'li-a.*  The  same 
as  Artemisia  Chinensis. 

Artemis'ia  Sail- ton 'i-ca.*  Tar- 
tarian southernwood,  wormwood,  or 
worm-seed  plant. 

Ar-tem'i-sin.  [Artemisi'na.]  The 

bitter  principle  of  Artemisia  absinthium. 

Artfcre,  aiOtam',  the  French  term  for 
Artery,  which  see. 

Arteria.  See  Artery. 

Ar-te'ri-a  As'per-a.*  The  “ rough 
artery;”  the  trachea  or  windpipe:  so 
called  because  of  the  inequalities  or 
roughness  of  its  surface. 

Arte'ria  In-noni-i-na'tn.*  The  “un- 
named artery  the  first  branch  given  off 
from  the  aorta,  dividing  into  the  right 
carotid  and  right  subclavian  arteries. 

Arte'ria  JIag'na.*  (The  “ great  ar- 
tery.”) The  aorta. 

Ar-te'rl-ac,  or  Ar-te-ri'a-cal.  [Ar- 
tcri'acus.  ] Pertaining  to  the  Arteria 
aspera , or  windpipe.  Applied  to  medi- 
cines for  disorders  of  the  voice  or  diseases 
of  the  windpipe. 

62 


Ar-te'ri-se,*  gen.  Ar-te-ri-a'rum, 

the  plural  of  Arte'ria,  an  artery. 

Arteriae  Venosae,*  ar-te're-e  ve- 
no'se,  the  plural  of  Arte'ria  Teno'sa. 
Literally,  “ venous  arteries,” — a name 
sometimes  given  to  the  four  pulmonary 
veins,  because  they  contain  arterial  blood. 

Ar-te'ri-al.  [Arteria'lis;  from  ar- 
te'ria, an  “artery.”]  Belonging  to  an 
artery. 

Arterial  Duct.  See  Ductus  Arte- 
riosus. 

Ar-te-ri-ogf'ra-pliy.  [Arterio- 

graphia;  from  arte'ria , an  “artery,” 
and  ypd6(o,  to  “write.”]  A description 
of  the  arteries. 

Ar-te-ri-ol'o-gy.  [Arteriolo'gia ; 

from  arte'ria,  an  “artery,”  and  A oyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  arteries ; 
the  science  of  the  arteries. 

Ar-te-ri-o'sus.*  [From  arte'ria,  an 
“artery.”]  Having  numerous  arteries;  of 
the  nature  of  an  artery. 

Arteriosus,  Ductus.  See  Ductus 
Arteriosus. 

Ar-te-ri-ot'o-my.  [ Arterioto'mia ; 

from  dpTrjpta,  an  “artery,”  and  ripvin,  to 
“cut.”]  The  cutting  into,  dividing,  or 
opening  an  artery. 

Ar-te-ri'tis.*  [From  arte'ria,  an  “ ar- 
tery.”] Inflammation  of  an  artery. 

Ar'ter-y,  [Arte'ria,  plural  Arte'- 
rise;  from  dtp,  “air  or  spirit,”  and 
rr\piu),  to  “keep”  or  “preserve,”  the  arte- 
ries having  been  supposed  by  the  an- 
cients to  contain  air.]  One  of  the  ves- 
sels by  which  the  blood  is  conveyed  from 
the  heart  towards  the  various  organs  and 
members  of  the  body. 

Artesian,  ar-te'zhan.  [From  Artois, 
Lat.  Arte'sia,  a province  of  France,  in 
which  they  were  first  formed.]  A term 
applied  to  certain  wells  or  fountains 
produced  by  boring  through  various 
strata  deep  enough  to  reach  a subter- 
ranean body  of  water,  the  sources  of 
which  are  higher  than  the  mouth  of  the 
well. 

Ar'iDra-gra.*  [From dpBpov,  a“joint,” 
and  uypa,  a “ seizure.”]  Same  as  Ar- 
thritis or  gout. 

Ar-tlirftl'&I-a.*  [From  upQpof,  a 
“joint,”  and  d\yog,  “pain.”]  Chronic 
pain  of  a joint;  gout  or  rheumatism. 

Ar-tlirit'ic.  [Artlirit'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  Arthritis , or  to  gout. 

Ar-thri'tis,  i dis*  [From  aptipov,  a 
“joint.”]  Literally,  “inflammation  of  a 
joint:”  gout.  See  Podagra. 

Arthritis  Pla-net'I-ca,*  Artliri'- 
tis  Itlieii-uiat'I-ca,*  Art  hr  it  i* 


ART 


ARY 


Va'ga.*  Other  names  for  wandering  or 
erratic  gout.  See  Podagra. 

Ar-tliroc'a-ce.*  [From  apQpov,  a 
“ joint/’  and  KaKn,  “disease.”]  An  ulcer- 
ated condition  or  caries  of  the  cavity  of 
a bone.  Also  used  as  synonymous  with 
JSpina  ventosa. 

Ar-tliro'di-a.*  [From  apQpov , a 
“joint.”]  An  articulation  admitting  of 
motion  on  all  sides ; a variety  of  Diar- 
th  rosin. 

Ar-tliro-clyn'I-a.*  [From  apQpov,  a 
“joint,”  and  ddvvn,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  a 
joint,  or  chronic  rheumatism. 

Ar-tlirog'ra-pliy.  [ArMirog-ra'- 
pliia;  from  apQpov,  a “joint,”  and  ypa- 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
joints. 

Ar-tlirol'o-gy*  [Arthrolo'gia; 

from  apQpov,  a “joint,”  and  A oyo$,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  joints;  the 
science  of  joints. 

Ar-thron'cus.*  [From  apQpov,  a 
“joint,”  and  oyxo;,  a “mass,”  a “swell- 
ing.”] A distinct  cartilaginous  body 
(one  or  more)  which  sometimes  forms 
within  the  knee-joint.  Sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  tumefaction  of  a joint. 

Ar-thro-pa-tlii'a.*  [From  ap9pov,  a 
“joint,”  and  nadog,  an  “affection.”]  An 
affection  of  the  shoulder-joint,  with  vio- 
lent pain  and  swelling  of  the  brachial 
portion. 

Ar-tliro-plilo-go'sis.*  [From  dp9pov, 
a “joint,”  and  0A oyow,  to  “inflame.”] 
Inflammation  of  a joint.  See  Arthri- 
tis. 

Ar-ttiro-pu-o'sis.**  [From  apOpov,  a 
“ joint,”  and  nvii/,  “pus.”]  Pus  in  a joint. 

Ar-1  li  ro'si-a.;:  [From  apdpov,  a 

“joint.”]  Generic  name  for  articular 
inflammation,  according  to  Dr.  Good. 

Ar-thro'sis.*  [From  dpOpdu,  to  “fasten 
by  joints.”]  Articulation,  or  connection 
by  joints. 

Artichoke.  See Cynara  Scolymus. 

Ar-tic-u-la/ris.*  [From  artic'ulus , 
a “ joint.”]  Relating  to  joints ; articular. 
Applied  to  arteries,  muscles,  etc.,  con- 
nected with  the  joints. 

Articula'ris  ^te'nu.*  This  and  the 
term  suhcrurseus  have  been  applied  to  a 
few  detached  muscular  fibres  frequently 
found  under  the  lower  part  of  the  cru- 
ralis  and  attached  to  the  capsule  of  the 
knee-joint. 

Articula'ris  Mor'bus.*  The  same 
as  Arthritis,  or  gout. 

Articulata.  See  Articulattts. 

Ar-tic-ii-la'tion.  [Articula'tio, 

O nit, ; from  artic'ulus , a “joint,”  ar- 


trc’ulo , articula'tum,  to  “joint,”  to 
“make  a joint.”]  The  fastening  to- 
gether of  the  various  bones  of  the 
skeleton  in  their  natural  situation ; a 
joint.  Also  the  distinct  utterance  of 
syllables  or  words. 

The  articulations  of  the  bones  of  the 
body  are  divided  into  synarthroses,  im- 
movable articulations,  and  diarthroses , 
movable  articulations.  See  Diarthrosis, 
Synarthrosis. 

Ar-tic-u-la'tus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Articulated,  jointed,  or  knotted.  Applied 
in  the  plural  neuter  ( Articnla'ta ) to  the 
third  great  division  of  the  animal  king- 
dom, in  which  articulated  rings  encircle 
the  body,  and  frequently  the  limbs. 

Ar-tic'u-Ii,*  gen.  Ar-tic-u-Io'ruin, 
plural  of  Artic'ulus. 

Ar-tic'u-lus.-  [The  diminutive  of 
ar'tus , a “joint.”]  A joint,  orarticulation  : 
a member,  or  limb.  Applied  in  Botany 
to  that  part  of  the  stalk  between  two 
knots  or  joints;  also,  a knot  or  joint. 

Ar-tl-f X'$ial  A'nus.  An  opening 
made  in  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen, 
through  which  the  feces  are  discharged 
during  life;  also  an  opening  made  in  the 
natural  situation  in  cases  of  imperforate 
anus. 

Artifi'cial  Eye.  A hollow  hemi- 
sphere, usually  made  of  enamel,  so  as  to 
present  the  appearance  of  the  natural  eye. 

Artifi'cial  Joint.  A fracture  united 
by  the  broken  ends  of  the  bone  becom- 
ing rounded  and  smooth  and  connected 
by  a fibrous,  ligamentous  substance;  a 
false  joint. 

Artifi'cial  IPu'pil.  The  result  of  an 
operation  for  overcoming  the  effect  of 
adhesions  or  permanent  contraction  of 
the  iris. 

Ar-to-car'pus.*  [Fromapro?,  “bread,” 
and  Kap-rrog,  “fruit.”]  A genus  of  plants 
growing  in  Southern  India  and  Polyne- 
sia. The  Artocar'pns  inci'sa  is  the 
bread-fruit  proper;  the  Artocar'pns  in- 
tegrifo'lia  has  a very  coarse  fruit,  called 
Jack-fruit,  common  in  the  South  of 
India.  See  Bread-Fruit. 

Aruncliuaceus,*a-run-de-na'she-us. 
[From  arun'do , a “ reed.”]  Belonging  to 
a reed  ; resembling  a reed.  Applied  in 
the  feminine  plural  ( Arnndinacese , a-run- 
de-na'she-e)  to  a tribe  of  plants  having 
the  Arundo  for  its  type:  arundina'ceous. 

A-ryt'se-uo-i-cfiae'us.*  [See  the  two 
following  articles.]  Belonging  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages.  The  arytsenoidseus 
muscle  is  a muscle  extending  from  one 
of  the  arytenoid  cartilages  to  the  other. 

63 


AEY 


ASC 


A-ryt'e-noid.  [Arytsenoi'des; 

from  apvraiva,  a “ pitcher,”  and  ei6og,  a 
‘‘form/’]  Resembling  the  mouth  of  a 
pitcher. 

Aryt'enoid  Car'ti-lag-es.  [Carti- 
lag'iaies  Arytsenoi'des.]  Two  carti- 
laginous bodies  of  the  larynx,  which,  in 
their  natural  situation,  resemble  the 
mouth  of  a pitcher. 

As-a-grse'a  Of-fi$i-na'li§.$  The 
name  (Lond.  Ph.  1851)  of  the  plant  from 
which  Veratria  is  obtained. 

A-saph'a-tum.*  [From  dvabns,  “ ob- 
scure,” “ uncertain named  in  allusion 
to  their  deceptive  appearance.]  A term 
applied  to  the  collections  in  the  sebace- 
ous follicles  of  the  skin,  which,  when 
pressed  out,  appear  like  little  worms. 

A-sa'phi-a.**  [Gr.  daa.bng ; from  a, 
priv.,  and  oa 0%,  “ clear,”  “plain.”]  De- 
fective utterance;  a want  of  clearness  of 
articulation  or  of  speech. 

A-sar-a-bac'ca.*  The  Asarurn  Eu- 
ropium. 

Asari  Folia.  See  Asarum  Euro- 
pium. 

Asarin.  See  Asari  Folia. 

As  a-rum  Can-a-den'se.^  Canada 
snake-root,  or  Wild  Ginger.  The  root 
is  sometimes  used  as  a substitute  for 
ginger. 

As  arum  Eu-ro-pse'um.*  The  plant 

Asarabacca.  The  leaves  ( As'ari  fo'lia ) 
abound  in  a bitter  principle  called  As’arin, 
ajid  are  used  as  an  errhine. 

As-bes'tos.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
oSki/wm , to  “extinguish.”]  Literally, 
“inextinguishable,”  “that  which  cannot 
be  extinguished  or  destroyed.”  A mine- 
ral substance  of  a fibrous  structure  from 
which  an  incombustible  linen  is  made. 
The  ancients  are  said  to  have  made  use 
of  cloth  of  asbestos  to  wrap  the  bodies 
of  their  dead  before  placing  them  on  the 
funeral  pile. 

Ascarides.  See  Ascaris. 

As'ca-ris,*  plural  As-car'I-defc. 
[Supposed  to  be  derived  from  aaKafnC, w, 
to  “ leap,”  to  “ kick.”]  A genus  of  worms 
found  in  the  human  intestines. 

As'caris  Lum  bri-co-i'deS.  ::‘  [From 
lumbri'cns , an  “ earth-worm.”]  One  of  the 
most  common  of  intestinal  worms,  re* 
sembling  the  earth-worm. 

As'caris  Ver-mic-ii-la'ris.'*  The 
thread-worm,  now  called  Oxvuris. 

As-Lending  Ax 'is.  Applied  to  the 
stem  of  plants,  or  that  part  which  grows 
in  an  opposite  direction  from  the  root 
(which  is  the  descending  axis).  See  Axis. 

As-een'sus.*  [From  ascen'do , as- 
64 


cen'sum,  to  “climb,”  to  “ascend.”]  Lite- 
rally, an  “ ascending,”  or  “ ascent.”  Ap- 
plied in  Chemistry  to  the  process  of 
sublimation,  formerly  termed  Destillatio 
per  ascensum. 

Ascen'sus  Mor'bi.*  The  “ascent 
or  increase  of  a disease.” 

Ascia,*  ash'e-a.  [The  Latin  term  for 
an  “axe”  or  “hatchet.”]  A bandage,  so 
called  from  its  shape,  and  described  by 
Hippocrates. 

Ascian.  See  Ascii. 

As-^id'i-ate.  [Ascidia'tus ; from 
ascid'inm.]  Shaped  like  a small  bottle 
or  pitcher. 

As-£id-i-foi*'mfs.*  [From  the  same.] 
Formed  like  a small  bottle  or  pitcher: 
ascid'iform. 

As-$id'I-tim.*  [From  aoiriSiop  (dimin- 
utive of  daws),  a “small  leathern  bag  or 
bottle.”]  A hollow  leaf  resembling  a 
small  bottle  or  pitcher,  as  in  the  Nepenthe 
(pitcher-plant). 

As-Lig'er-ns.*  [From  doicog , a “bag,” 
and  ge'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  con- 
taining utricles. 

Ascii,*  ash'e-i,  the  plural  of  Ascius, 
ash'e-us.  [From  a,  priv.,  and  cxia,  a 
“shade”  or  “shadow.”]  Literally,  “with- 
out shadow.”  A term  applied  to  the 
people  of  the  Torrid  Zone,  who  have 
twice  in  the  year  the  sun  perpendicular 
above  their  heads,  and  are  without 
shadow. 

As-^i'tes.*  [Gr.  daKiT^g ; from  doKdg , a 
“sack  of  leather,”  “something  swollen  or 
puffed  up.”]  Hyf  drops  utricula'rius,  or 
dropsy  of  the  belly.  A genus  of  the 
natural  order  Intumescentise , class  Ca- 
cliexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  See  Hy- 

DROXASLIA. 

As-^it'ic.  [Ascit'icus.]  Having  or 

pertaining  to  Asdtes. 

Asclepiadacese,*  as-kle'pe-a-da'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  plants  re- 
sembling the  Aselepias.  The  milky  juice 
formed  in  plants  of  this  order  contains 
caoutchouc.  It  is  emetic,  and  is  some- 
times a dangerous  poison. 

As-cle'pi-as,  a dis.*  [From  ’Aax^mdg, 
the  Greek  name  of  iEsculapius,  the  god 
of  medicine?]  The  name  of  a genus 
of  plants  belonging  to  the  Linnman  class 
Pentandria , natural  order  Asclepiuda- 
cese. 

Ascle'piasln-car-na 'tn.*  The  flesh- 

colored  Aselepias , a plant  whose  medical 
properties  appear  to  be  similar  to  tho.-o 
of  the  A scl  k pi  as  Tube  rora,  which  sec. 

Ascle'pias  Syr-i'a-ca.i:  The  silk- 
weed;  called  also  milk-weed.  Of  this 


ASC 


ASP 


plant  the  bark  of  the  root  is  given  in 
powder  for  asthma  and  other  pulmonary 
affections. 

As-cle'paas  Tu-be-ro'sa.*  Swal- 
low-wort; called  also  Pleurisy-root.  An 
American  plant,  the  root  of  which  is 
used  as  an  expectorant  and  a diaphoretic 
in  catarrh  and  rheumatism.  It  is  given 
in  powder  and  decoction  or  infusion. 

A-sep'ta.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  0)7:0- 
fxai,  to  “ putrefy.”]  Substances  free  from 
the  putrefactive  process. 

Ase  tiger,*  a-set'e-jer.  [From  a,  priv., 
se'ta , a “ bristle/’  and  ge'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Without  bristles : asetig'erous.  Applied 
in  the  neuter  plural  (Asetig'era)  to  a 
family  of  Articnlata  abranchiata. 

A-sex'u-al.  [Asexua'li«;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  sex’ us,  “sex”  or  “gender.”] 
A botanical  term  applied  to  plants  hav- 
ing no  sexual  organs. 

Ash.  The  common  name  of  several 
trees  and  shrubs.  The  true  ash  includes 
the  various  species  of  the  Linnaean  genus 
Frax'inus.  Bitter  Ash  is  the  popular 
name  for  a species  of  Quassia  growing 
in  the  West  India  islands. 

Ash-Color.  See  Cineretts. 

Asli'es.  [Ci'nis,  Cin'eris.]  The 
residual  substance  after  burning  any 
thing;  more  usually,  the  residuum  of  the 
combustion  of  vegetables,  containing 
alkalies  and  alkaline  salts.  The  common 
name  for  the  vegetable  alkali  potash,  or 
Pot  ass  a. 

Asiatic  (a'she-at'ik)  Balsam.  [A- 
siat'icum  Bal'samam.]  The  Balsa- 
mum  Gileadense,  which  sec. 

Asitia,*  a-si'te-a.  [From  a,  priv., 
and  airo “food.”]  Abstinence  from 
food;  also,  loss  of  appetite.  See  Ano- 
rexia, Fastidium  Cibi. 

As-par'a-gi,*  the  plural  of  Aspar- 
agus, forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
a natural  order  of  plants  now  included 
in  Liliacese. 

As-par'a-gin.  [Asparagi'na.]  A 

peculiar  vegetable  principle  obtained 
from  the  Asparagus. 

As-par'a-gus  (Gr.  aonupayog) 
i-na'lis,*  or  Common  Aspnragus.  A 
plant  belonging  to  the  Linnman  class 
Hexandria,  natural  order  Lilia  cese.  The 
root  and  young  shoots  are  diuretic,  and 
are  said  to  exert  a sedative  influence  on 
the  heart. 

As-par'tate.  [Aspar'tas,  a'ffs.]  A 
combination  of  aspartic  acid  with  a base. 

Aspera  Arteria.  See  Arteria  As- 

PERA. 

As-per-gil'li-form.  [Aspergilli- 


for'mas ; from  aspergil'  lum,  a “brush.”] 
Brush-like;  divided  into  minute  ramifi- 
cations, as  the  stigmas  of  grasses,  cer- 
tain  hairs  of  the  cuticle,  etc. 

As'per-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  as'perf 
“rough,”  and  f o' Hum , a “leaf.”]  Rough- 
leaved:  asperifo'Jious.  Applied  by  Lin- 
naeus, in  the  plural  feminine  {Asperifo1  - 
line)  to  an  order  of  plants  now  called 
Boraginaeeous.  See  Boraginaceal 

As-por'iua-tous.  [Aspcr'mafus, 
or  As2>er'imfls;  from  a , priv.,  and  cTrep - 
pa,  “seed.”]  Without  seed. 

As-per'siou.  [Aspcr'sfio;  from  as- 
per'go,  asp er' sum,  to  “sprinkle.”]  The 
sprinkling  of  the  body  with  a medicinal 
liquid  or  powder. 

As-pltal'tum.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
a(()i\\co,  to  “slip,”  to  “fail,”  because 
when  used  as  a cement  it  prevented  the 
stones  from  slipping  or  giving  way.] 
Native  bitumen  ; a solid,  brittle  bitumen, 
found  principally  on  the  shores  and  on 
the  surface  of  the  Dead  Sea,  which  was 
named  Asphaltitis  from  this  substance. 
A brown  coloring  matter  is  formed  from 
it,  which,  when  dissolved  in  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, is  semi-transparent,  and  is  used 
as  a glaze. 

Asphoflelese,*  as-fo-de'le-e.  A sub- 
division of  the  natural  order  Liliacese. 

As-ptiocl'e-li,*  the  plural  of  As- 
phod’elus,  forming  the  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  the  same  as  Asphode- 
LEvE,  which  see. 

As-pliyx'i-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
(T$vZt$,  the  “pulse.”]  Literally,  the  “state 
of  being  without  pulse:”  asphyx'y.  Sus- 
pended animation ; that  state  in  which 
there  is  total  suspension  of  the  powers 
of  body  and  mind,  usually  caused  by 
interrupted  respiration,  as  by  hanging 
or  drowning. 

Asphyxia  Al'gi-dav*  [From  aVgeo , 
to  “be  cold.”]  Asphyxy  from  intense  cold. 

Asptiyx'ia  E-lec' tri-cav*  Asphyxy 
caused  by  lightning  or  electricity. 

Asptoyx'ialcl-i-o-patii'i-ea.*  (“  Id- 
iopathic Asphyxia.”)  Asphyxy,  or  sud- 
den death,  without  any  manifest  cause. 
See  Idiopathic. 

Asplayx'ia  Me-ptsit/i-ca.*  Asphyxy 
by  inh  dation  of  some  mephitic  gas,  car- 
bonic acid,  or  other  non-respirable  gas. 

AspSayx'ia  Jfe-oph-y-to'm  m.* 
[From  ihg,  “young,”  “new,”  and  tpordv, 
a “plant,”  also  a “child.”]  Called  also 
Aspiiyx'ia  Xe-o-aia-to'ruiii.*  [From 
na'tus,  “born.”]  Deficient  respiration  in 
new-born  children. 

Asptayx'ia  SwLfFocatio'nis*  (suf-fo- 
65 


ASP 


AST 


ka-she-o'nis).  (The  “asphyxy  of  suffo- 
cation.”) Asphyxy  by  hanging  or 
drowning. 

As-pltyx'i-at-ed.  [Asphyxia'tus.] 

Laboring  under  asphyxy. 

As-pid'i-um.*  [From  airrrig,  a “ round 
shield.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Cnjptoyamia,  order  Filices. 

Aspid'ium  Atli-a-man'ti-ciim.- 
[Etymology  uncertain.]  A species  of 
fern  growing  in  South  Africa,  much 
used  as  a remedy  against  worms,  espe- 
cially the  tape-worm. 

Aspid'inm  Fi'Mx  Mas.^  The  male 
fern;  called  also  Polypodium  filix  mas. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  considered  by 
many  to  be  an  efficacious  remedy  against 
the  tape-worm. 

As-jple'BBi-um.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
(rr\i)v,  the  “spleen.”]  A genus  of  fern 
called  spleenwort  and  miltwaste,  from  a 
belief  that  it  removed  disorders  or  re- 
duced enlargements  of  the  spleen. 

Asfde'nium  Cet 'araclt* ( set'a-rak ). 
A species  of  fern  much  used  as  a remedy 
in  nephritic  and  calculous  diseases,  also 
as  a pectoral. 

Asplc'nium  Fi'lix  Fcem'i-na.® 

The  female  fern,  a plant  possessing 
medical  properties  similar  to  those  of 
the  male  fern  ( Aspidium  Jilix  mas).  The 
Asple'nium  ru'ta  mura'ria,  the  A.  scolo- 
pen'drium , and  the  A.  tricliomanoi’ des, 
have  properties  similar  to  those  of  the 
A.  eetarach. 

Assafoetida,*  as-sa-fet'e-da,  written 
also  Assafetida,*  and  Asafoetida.*  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  gum  resin, 
or  concrete  juice,  obtained  from  the  Nar- 
thex  assafoetida,  otherwise  called  FePula 
a8saf(jet'ida.  It  occurs  massive  and  in 
tears.  It  was  used  by  the  ancients  as  a 
condiment,  and  at  the  present  day  the 
plant  is  eaten  with  relish  m some  countries 
of  the  East.  Assafoe'ida  is  a powerful 
antispasmodic;  it  is  also  a stimulant  ex- 
pectorant and  laxative.  From  its  uniting 
antispasmodic  and  expectorant  virtues, 
it  often  proves  useful  in  spasmodic  pec- 
toral affections. 

As-say'ing.  The  operation  of  ascer- 
taining the  proportion  of  any  metal  in 
an  ore  or  mixture.  See  Cupellation. 

As-*3m'i-la4e.  [From  ad,  “to,”  and 
sim'ilis,  “like.”]  Literally,  to  “make 
like.”  In  Physiology,  to  change  the 
food  into  a substance  like  the  living 
body;  to  convert  the  food  into  nutri- 
ment,— in  other  words,  into  chyle  and 
blood. 

Aft-ftimd-la'tion.  [AsKimiln'tio, 

66 


o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  act  or  pro- 
cess of  assimilating  food.  See  Alitura. 

As-so'des,*  or  A-so'des.*  [From  riarj, 
“disgust,”  “nausea.”]  A continual  fever, 
attended  with  a loathing  of  food.  Sau- 
vages  calls  it  Trytxophya  assodes,  and 
Cullen  arranges  it  under  the  tertian  re- 
mittents. 

As-sur'gemt.  [Assur'gens;  from 
assur'yo,  to  “rise  up.”]  A botanical 
term,  signifying  bent  down,  then  rising 
erect  towards  the  apex. 

A-stat'ic.  [Astat'icus ; from  a , priv., 
and 'iarriyi,  to  “stand.”]  A term  applied 
to  a magnetic  needle  when  its  directive 
property  is  destroyed  by  the  proximity 
of  another  needle,  of  equal  magnetic  in- 
tensity, fixed  parallel  to  it  and  in  a re- 
versed position,  each  needle  having  its 
north  pole  adjacent  to  the  south  pole  of 
the  other.  In  this  state,  the  needles, 
neutralizing  each  other,  are  unaffected 
by  the  earth,  while  they  are  still  subject 
to  the  influence  of  galvanism. 

As'ter.*  [Gr.  aarf/p,  a “ star.”]  A 
genus  of  cryptogamous  plants  having 
star-like  flowers. 

Asteraceae,*  as-ter-a'she-e.  A name 
given  by  Lindley  to  a natural  order  of 
plants.  See  Composite. 

A-ster'nl-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
ster'num.]  An  organic  deviation  in  the 
foetus  characterized  by  absence  of  the 
sternum. 

As'ter-oid.  [Asteroi'des;  from 

aarrip,  a “star”  or  “planet,”  and  slcog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a star.  As  a noun, 
the  term  is  applied,  in  Astronomy,  to 
several  small  planets,  including  Ceres, 
Pallas,  Juno,  and  Vesta. 

As-tlae'ni-a.*  [From  a , priv.,  and 
cOcrog,  “ strength.”]  As'theny.  Want  or 
loss  of  strength:  debility. 

As-thcn'ic.  [Asthen'icus;  from 
asfhc'nia.]  AVanting  or  deficient  in 
strength;  adynamic. 

As4he-n«l'o-gy.  [Asthcnolo'gia; 
from  a,  priv.,  cSivog,  “strength,”  and 
X oyog,  a “discourse.”]  The  considera- 
tion (or  science)  of  diseases  arising  from 
debility. 

Astli'nia,  a tin*  [Gr.  aaOpa)  from 
doOpdfa,  to  “gasp  for  breath.”]  A dis- 
ease attended  with  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing and  a sensation  of  constriction  in 
the  chest,  wheezing,  cough,  and  expec- 
toration. A genus  of  the  order  Spasmi, 
class  Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

AMtli-mat'ic.  [Astlimat'iciiK.]  Be- 
longing to,  or  laboring  under,  asthma. 

A-stig'ina-ti&ni.  [Astiginatis- 


AST 


ATII 


mus;  froma,neg.,and  artypa, appoint.”] 
A defect  in  the  eye,  in  which  the  rays 
are  not  brought  to  one  point  or  focus, 
but  converge  at  different  distances,  so  as 
to  form  two  linear  images  at  right  an- 
gles with  each  other. — (Dunglison.) 

As 'to- hi  us.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 
vropa,  a “ mouth. ”]  Having  no  mouth. 
Applied  to  an  order  of  mosses,  and  to  a 
family  of  apterous  insects. 

As-trag'a-Ioi<l.  [Astragaloi'des ; 
from  astray' alus,  the  “ ankle-bone,”  a 
“die,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
the  astrayalus. 

Astrag-a-loi'des  Sypli-i-lit'I-ca,* 

called  also  Astrag'alus  Es'ca-pus.* 
The  milk-vetch,  a plant  the  root  of 
which  is  said  to  cure  syphilis. 

As-trag'a-lus.*  [Gr.  aarpdyaXo j.] 
The  ankle-bone. 

Astrag'alus  Cre'ti-cus.*  The  Cre- 
tan milk-vetch,  one  of  the  several  species 
of  Astragalus  which  are  said  to  yield 
the  gum  tragacanth  of  commerce. 

Astragalus  Escapus.  See  Astrag- 
aloides  Syphilitica. 

Astrag'alus Trag-a-can'tlia.*  The 
plant  formerly  supposed  to  yield  gum 
tragacanth,  now  known  to  be  chiefly 
obtained  from  the  Astrayalus  verus  and 
the  A.  gummifer , 

Astrag'alus  Ve  rus.-  A plant  of 

the  Linnaean  class  Diadelpliia,  natural 
order  Leynminosse , from  which  gum 
tragacanth  is  principally  derived. 

As-tric'tion.  [Astric'tio,  o'/a>; 
from  ad,  “to,”  and  stria' go,  stric'tnm , to 
“bind.”]  The  state  produced  by  astrin- 
gent medicines. 

As-tr in'gent.  [Asirin'gens : from 
the  same.]  Producing  contraction  and 
condensation  in  the  soft  solids,  thereby 
diminishing  excessive  discharges. 

Astrin  gent  Prin  cl-ple.  A vege- 
table principle  found  in  the  bark  of 
many  trees  and  plants.  From  its  use  in 
tanning  skins  it  has  obtained  the  name 
of  Tannin,  which  see. 

Astrin 'gents.  A name  applied  to 
medicines  (such  as  alum,  tannin,  etc.) 
having  the  power  to  check  discharges, 
whether  of  blood,  of  mucus,  or  any  other 
secretion.  They  act  by  contracting  the 
capillaries  and  secretin g-orifices.  See 
Astriction  and  Astringent. 

As-trol'o-gy.  [From  oorpov,  a “star,” 
and  Xoyog,  a “discourse.”]  A descrip- 
tion of  the  heavenly  bodies,  their  nature 
and  distinctions,  and,  so,  like  Astron- 
omy ; more  usually,  however,  applied  to 
a pretended  science  which  explained  the 


phenomena  of  nature,  and  events  of 
human  life,  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars.  Hippocrates  considered  astrology 
among  the  studies  necessary  for  a physi- 
cian. 

As-tron'o-my.  [Astrono'mia; 

from  airpov,  a “ star,”  and  vdpog,  a “ law.”] 
Literally,  that  science  which  treats  of  tho 
laws  which  govern  the  heavenly  bodies ; 
but,  more  generally,  it  includes  every 
thing  which  can  be  known  of  those 
bodies. 

A-tax'i-a.*  [From  a,  neg.,  and  raven u, 
to  “order.”]  Literally,  “want  of  order.” 
Irregularity.  A term  applied  to  some 
diseases. 

A-tax'ic.  [Atax'icus;  from  atax'ia.] 
Irregular. 

At  axy.  See  Ataxia. 

-Ate.  A terminal  syllable  which, 
added  to  the  name  of  an  acid  ending 
in  -ic,  expresses  a combination  of  that 
acid  with  a base ; as,  nitrate  of  silver, 
or  a combination  of  nitric  acid  with  the 
oxide  of  silver. 

At-e-lec'ta-sis,*  or  Atelectasis 

Pul-iiio'iiiun.*  [From  dreXos,  “im- 
perfect,” and  tsravig,  “expansion.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a state  of  the  lungs  in  new-born 
children,  on  account  of  some  obstacle  to 
the  complete  establishment  of  respira- 
tion. See  Pulmo. 

A-tlaal'a-moiis.  [Atlial'amus ; 

from  a,  priv.,  and  OaXapog,  a “marriage- 
bed.”]  Applied  to  plants  which  have 
no  conceptacles. 

Atli-er-i-^e'rus.*  [From  dQnp,  the 
“pqint  of  a sword,”  and  xnpog,  “slender.”] 
Applied  in  the  nominative  plural  neuter 
( Atherice'ra ) to  a family  of  dipterous 
insects,  in  which  the  lower  and  side 
pieces  of  the  sucker  are  linear  and 
pointed,  or  setaceous:  atherice'rous. 

A-tSier'ma-nous.  [Attier'manus; 
from  a,  priv.,  and  Btppaivw,  to  “make 
warm.”]  Not  communicating  heat. 

At!i-cr-©'ma,  a tis*  [From  dOdpa, 
“gruel.”]  An  encysted  tumor  contain- 
ing a soft  substance  like  panada.  Beclard 
observes  that  this  kind  of  cyst,  as  well 
as  the  varieties  termed  meliceris  and 
steatoma,  are  merely  sebaceous  follicles 
enormously  dilated. 

Atti-er-om'a-tous.  [Attieroma- 
to'siis.]  Of  the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

Atli-let'ic.  [Atlilet'iciis;  from  dB~ 
X^rfig,  an  “athlete,”  “one  who  strove  for 
a prize”  (from  aOXov , a “prize,”  a “con- 
test”).] Having  a strong  muscular  de- 
velopment, like  those  who  exercised  in 
the  ancient  games. 


67 


ATL 


ATO 


At-lan'tad.  Same  as  Atlantal  used 
adverbially. 

At-9aBn'tal.  Applied  by  Dr.  Bar- 
clay as  meaning  towards  the  atlas. 

At'las,  an'fi*0.$  [From  At'las,  an 
ancient  giant,  fabled  to  bear  the  heavens 
upon  his  shoulders.]  The  first  cervical 
vertebra,  so  named,  it  would  seem,  be- 
cause it  immediately  sustains  the  head, 
a burden  immensely  disproportioned  to 
itself  in  size. 

At-mi-dom  'e-ter,  At-mom'e-ter. 
[AtmMom'etmm,  and  Atmom'e- 
tmm.]  [From  arpig,  or  arpog,  “ vapor,” 
and  [icrpoy,  a “measure.”]  An  instru- 
ment by  which  the  vapor  exhaled  from 
a humid  surface  in  a given  time  may  be 
measured. 

At'mo-spfaere.  [AtmospUise'ra; 

from  drpo;,  “vapor,”  and  cr^alpa,  a “globe” 
or  “sphere.”]  The  thin,  elastic  fluid 
encompassing  the  earth  to  a height 
judged  to  be  about  forty-five  miles;  the 
natural  air  we  breathe. 

At-mo-spBaer'ic.  [AtmospBiaer'i- 
<cus.]  Belonging  to  the  atmosphere. 

AtmospSaer'ic  Pressure,  or  weight 
of  the  atmosphere,  is  measured  by  the 
length  of  a column  of  mercury.  A mer- 
curial column  thirty  inches  in  length 
presses  on  a given  surface  with  the  same 
force  as  the  atmosphere  in  its  ordinary 
state;  and  hence  the  force  of  a sixty- 
inch  column  is  equal  to  the  pressure  of 
two  atmospheres,  that  of  fifteen  inches 
to  half  an  atmosphere,  that  of  one  inch 
to  one-thirtieth  of  the  atmospheric  pres- 
sure. 

A-to'^i-a,*  or  A-to'ki-a.*  [From  a, 
priv.-,  and  tokos,  “offspring.”]  Sterility. 

At'om.  [At'omus;  from  a,  neg., 
and  rep vo),  to  “cut,”  to  “divide.”]  The 
smallest  particle  of  matter,  incapable  of 
farther  division. 

At'om,  Com-po'nent.  That  which 
unites  with  another  of  different  nature 
to  form  a third  or  compound  atom. 

At'om,  Com  'pound.  That  formed 
by  two  atoms  of  different  nature. 

At'om,  El-e-men'ta-ry.  That  of  a 
substance  not  decomposed. 

At'om,  Or-^an'ic.  That  of  a sub- 
stance found  only  in  organic  bodies. 

At'om,  Pri'ma-ry.  Same  as  Atom, 
Elementary. 

At-om'ic.  [Atom'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  atoms  or  particles. 

Atom'ic  The'o-rjr.  A theory  intro- 
duced by  Dalton  for  explaining  the  laws 
of  definite  proportions  in  chemical  com- 
binations. It  is  founded  on  the  sup- 
68 


position  that  matter  consists  of  ultimate, 
indivisible  particles,  called  atoms,  that 
these  are  of  the  same  size  and  shape  in 
the  same  body,  but  differ  in  weight  in 
different  bodies,  and  that  bodies  com- 
bine in  definite  proportions  with  refer- 
ence to  those  weights,  which  are  hence 
called  atomic  weights.  The  main  features 
of  this  theory  are  briefly  stated  in  the 
following  paragraphs. 

In  bodies  capable  of  assuming  the 
gaseous  form,  the  weight  of  the  atom  is 
obtained  from  the  volume:  thus,  water 
being  composed  of  one  volume  of  oxy- 
gen united  with  two  volumes  (or  one 
atom)  of  hydrogen,  the  relative  weights 
will  be — oxygen,  8,  hydrogen,  1,  and 
water,  9. 

In  bodies  which  do  not  assume  the 
gaseous  form  in  their  simple  state,  the 
weight  of  the  atom  is  deduced  from  thnt 
of  the  compound : the  weight  of  carbon, 
for  instance,  is  obtained  from  that  of 
carbonic  acid  gas,  one  volume  of  which 
weighs  twenty-two  times  as  much  as 
our  standard  of  unity;  of  the  twenty- 
two  parts,  sixteen  are  hydfogen,  leaving 
6 to  represent  the  primary  molecule  of 
carbon. 

In  the  case  of  bodies  which  are  inca- 
pable of  assuming  a gaseous  form,  either 
alone  or  in  combination,  the  weight  must 
be  obtained  by  analysis : thus,  marble,  or 
the  carbonate  of  lime,  is  found  to  be 
composed  of  twenty-two  parts  of  car- 
bonic acid  and  twenty-eight  of  lime;  28, 
therefore,  represents  the  atomic  weight 
of  lime. 

The  atomic  weights  are  generally  sup- 
posed to  be  related  to  one  another  by 
multiple:  hence  this  law  is  often  called 
the  law  of  multiples,  or  of  combinations 
in  multiple  proportion.  This  will  be  easily 
seen  by  referring  to  the  component  parts 
of  the  following  substances: — 

Nitrogen.  Oxygen. 


Nitrous  oxide 14  8 

Nitric  oxide 14  16 

Hyponitrous  acid 14  24 

Nitrous  acid 14  32 

Nitric  acid 14  40 


When  only  one  combination  of  any 
two  elementary  bodies  exists,  Dr.  Dalton 
assumes  that  its  elements  are  united, 
atom  to  atom  singly,  by  what  he  calls 
binary  combinations;  if  several  com- 
pounds can  be  obtained  from  the  same 
elements,  they  combine,  as  he  supposes, 
in  proportions  expressed  by  some  simple 
multiple  of  the  number  of  atoms,  as  in 
the  following  table: — 


ATO 


ATT 


Atoms — 

1  of  A + 1 of  B = 1 of  C,  binary. 

1 of  A -f  2 of  B = 1 of  D,  ternary. 

2 of  A + 1 of  B = 1 of  E,  ternary. 

1 of  A + 3 of  B = 1 of  F,  quaternary. 

3 of  A + 1 of  B = 1 of  G,  quaternary. 

Atonia.  See  Atonv. 

A-ton'Ic.  [Aton'icus;  from  a,  priv., 
and  rdi/cg,  “ tone.”]  Without,  or  having 
diminished,  tone  or  power. 

At'o-ny.  [Ato'naa;  from  the  same.] 
Want  or  diminution  of  muscular  tone. 

Atrabiliary,  at-ra-bil'ya-re.  [At- 
rabilia'rius;  from  atrabi'lis , “black 
bile.”]  Melancholy;  atrabilious.  Atra- 
biliary  capsules,  arteries,  and  veins,  are 
names  applied  to  the  renal  or  supra- 
renal glands  or  capsules,  and  to  the 
arteries  and  veins  by  which  they  are 
supplied,  because  they  were  formerly 
supposed  to  produce  black  bile.  See 
Atrabilts. 

Atrabilious,  at-ra-bil'yus.  [From 
the  same.]  Melancholy,  hypochondriac. 

At-ra-bi'lis.*  [From  a' ter , “black,” 
and  bi'lis,  “bile.”]  Black  bile;  an  im- 
aginary fluid,  supposed,  when  existing  in 
excessive  quantity,  to  be  the  cause  of 
Melancholy,  which  see. 

Atracluelus,*  at-ra-ke'lus.  [From  a, 
priv.,  and  Tpaxn\og,  the  “neck.”]  With- 
out a neck;  having  a very  short  neck. 

At-ra-meii'tum.:i:‘  [From  a' ter, 
“black.”]  A Latin  term  denoting  the 
coloring  matter  secreted  by  the  cuttle- 
fish (Se'pia) ; also,  ink. 

A-tre'si-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and  rpii- 
oig,  a “ boring,”  a “perforation.”]  Iinper- 
foration ; usually  applied  to  the  rectum, 
urethra,  etc. 

A-t ret-o-^ejpEn  a-lus, *'  A-tret-o- 
cor'mus.*  [From  a,  priv.,  rirp^pi,  to 
“perforate,”  Kepah'i,  the  “head,”  and  xop- 
pog,  a “trunk.”]  A monster-foetus  with- 
out the  natural  openings  in  the  head  or 
trunk. 

Atriplex  Foetida.  See  Chenopo- 

DIUM  VULVARIA. 

A-trip'li-^es.*  The  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order.  See  Chenopodiace^:. 

At'ro-pa.*  [From  ’Arpoxog,  of  the 
three  Fates,  that  one  whose  special  duty 
it  was  to  cut  the  thread  of  life:  named 
on  account  of  its  deadly  or  poisonous 
qualities.]  A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class 
Pentandria,  natural  order  Solanacese. 

At'ropa  BelTa-don'na.*  The 
deadly  nightshade,  or  belladonna,  a 
plant  belonging  to  the  narcotico-acrid 
poisons. 

A-tro'pM-a.*  [From  a,  priv.,  and 


TporJ))'],  “nourishment.”]  Atrophy.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Mareoren,  class  Car 
chexire,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

At'ro-pby.  [Atro'phia.  See  Atro- 
phia.] Defect  of  nutrition  ; wasting  or 
emaciation,  with  loss  of  strength,  unac- 
companied by  fever. 

A-tro'pi-a.*  A peculiar  alkaline 
principle  found  in  all  parts  of  the  Atropa 
Belladonna.  It  is  highly  poisonous,  and 
in  the  most  minute  proportion  has  the 
property  of  dilating  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 

Al'ropin.  See  Atropia. 

At'ro-pismu.  [Atropis'mus.]  The 
condition  of  the  system  produced  by  the 
persevering  use  of  belladonna. 

Attar  Gul,  iD'tar  gool.  [From  at’tar , 
“essence,”  and  gul,  a “rose.”]  A phrase 
taken  from  the  Persian,  and  signifying 
Attar  of  Roses,  or  Otto  of  Roses.  See 
next  article. 

At'tar  of  Ro'ses  [see  preceding  ety- 
mology], or  Oil  of  Roses.  An  essence 
prepared  from  the  petals  of  the  damask 
rose  (and  probably  from  other  species) 
by  distillation  with  water.  The  oil  col- 
lects and  floats  on  the  surface  of  the 
water  when  it  cools. 

At-ten'u-ant.  [Atten'uans,  a n'tis; 
from  attcn’uo,  attenua’ turn,  to  “make 
thin.”]  Applied  to  medicines  supposed 
to  impart  to  the  blood  a thinner  or  more 
fluid  consistence,  as  water,  whey,  etc. 

At-ten'u-at-ed.  [Attenua'f  us  ? 

from  the  same.]  Become  slender;  thin. 

At'ten-u-a'tion.  [ At  tenant  io  ? 
from  the  same.]  The  lessening  of  weight 
or  of  consistency;  emaciation.  The 
term  is  applied  to  a process  by  which  a 
fluid  becomes  of  less  specific  gravity,  as 
when  it  undergoes  fermentation  and 
parts  with  carbonic  acid. 

At-tol'lens.*  [From  attol'lo , to 
“raise  up.”]  Raising  up. 

Attoflens  Au'rem.**  (“  Raising  the 
ear.”)  A muscle  whose  office  is  indi- 
cated by  its  name. 

Atlollens  Oculi.  See  Rectus  Su- 
perior OCULI. 

At-tract'.  [From  ad,  “to,”  or  “to- 
wards,” and  tra’ho,  trac'tum,  to  “draw.”] 
To  draw  to  or  towards.  See  next  article. 

At-trac'tiou.  [Attrac'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  That  principle  or  power 
in  the  material  universe  by  which  one 
particle  or  mass  of  matter  is  drawn  to  or 
towards  another. 

Attraction  of  Affin'ity.  The  ten- 
dency of  the  atoms  of  different  bodies  to 
combine  to  form  chemical  compounds . 
See  Affinity. 


09 


ATT 


A UR 


Attraction,  Cap'illary.  The  power 
by  which  a liquid  rises  in  a fine  tube 
higher  than  the  surface  of  the  liquid 
which  surrounds  it.  See  Capillary. 

Attrac'tion  of  Cohe'sion.  The  ten- 
dency of  the  molecules  of  a body  to 
cohere,  to  form  masses.  It  is  antagonist 
of  Affinity. 

Attraction,  ElecTrtcal.  The  prop- 
erty displayed  by  certain  substances  of 
attracting  certain  others  on  being  rubbed. 

Attraction  of  Gravita'tion.  The 
tendencies  of  masses  of  bodies  towards 
each  other.  See  Gravity. 

Attraction,  Magnetic.  The  tend- 
ency of  certain  bodies,  chiefly  iron, 
towards  the  north  pole  of  the  earth,  and 
towards  other  bodies  possessed  of  the 
property  called  magnetism. 

Attraction,  Double  Elective.  See 
Affinity,  Double  Elective. 

Attraction,  Simple  Elective.  See 
Affinity,  Single  Elective. 

At'tra-lieiis.*  [The  present  parti- 
ciple of  at'traho , to  “draw  to,  or  to- 
wards.” See  Attract.]  Applied  in  the 
neuter  plural  (Attrahentia,  at-tra-hen'- 
she-a)  to  medicaments  which  irritate  the 
surface,  thereby  attracting  the  fluids  to 
the  part,  as  blisters,  sinapisms,  etc.  See 
Epispastic. 

At'tralieiis  Au'ris.*  [At?  tr  aliens, 
“drawing”  or  “drawing  to,”  and  au'ris , 
“of  the  ear.”]  A muscle  which  draws  the 
ear  forwards  and  upwards;  also  called 
anterior  auria , and  prior  auriculae. 

Attrahentia.  See  Attrahens. 

Attrition,  at-trish'un.  [Attri'tio, 
O 'nis;  from  at'tero , attri'tum , to  “rub 
against,”  to  “wear  away.”]  An  abra- 
sion or  solution  of  continuity  of  the 
cuticle;  also,  a severe  kind  of  Cardiahpa  : 
sometimes  applied  in  surgery  to  the  vio- 
lent crushing  of  a part. 

Au'dI-to-ry.  [Audiio'rius;  from 
au'dio,  audi'tum , to  “hear.”]  Belonging 
to  the  organ  or  the  sense  of  hearing. 
Same  as  Acoustic. 

Au'ditory  Nerve.  The  Portio  Mol- 
lis of  the  seventh  pair,  which  see. 

Aug’ite,  aw'jit.  [From  avyri,  “bright- 
ness,” and  \i96$,  a “stone.”]  Pyroxene. 
A silicate  of  lime  and  magnesia. 

Au  ra.5  [A  Latin  word  signifying  a 
“breath,”  a “gentle  breeze;”  from  «o>, 
to  “breathe.”]  A subtle  vapor,  or  exha- 
lation. 

Au'ra  Elec'trtca.*  Literally,  the 
“electrical  breeze.”  The  sensation,  as 
of  cold  air,  experienced  when  electricity 
is  received  from  a sharp  point. 

70 


Au'ra  Epjlep'tica.*  The  peculiar 
sensation  felt  by  epileptic  patients,  as 
of  a cold  fluid  rising  towards  the  head. 

Au'ra  Hyster'ica.*  The  sensation  as 
of  cold  air  ascending  to  the  head,  said 
to  occur  sometimes  in  hysteria. 

Au'ra  Semina'lis,*  Au'ra  Sem'inis.* 
The  supposed  vivifying  principle  of  the 
Semen  virile,  believed  to  ascend  through 
the  Fallopian  tubes,  thereby  impreg- 
nating the  ovum  in  the  ovarium. 

Au'ra  Vita'lis.*  The  vital  principle. 

Aurantia,*  au-ran'she-a,  the  plural 
of  Auran'tium,  forming  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
AurantiacejE. 

An  ran  t i acese,*  aw  - ran  - she  -a ' sh  e - e . 

[From  auran’tium,  the  “orange.”]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  natives  of  the  East  Indies  and 
other  warm  climates.  It  includes  the 
orange,  lemon,  lime,  and  citron.  The 
leaves  and  rind  of  the  fruit  abound  in  a 
volatile,  fragrant,  bitter,  and  exciting  oil. 

Aurantiaceous,  aw-ran  -she-a'shus. 
[Anrantia'ccus;  from  auran’tium,  an 
“orange.”]  Having  an  arrangement  as 
in  the  orange-plant.  See  Aurantiacea:. 

Aurantium,*  aw-ran'she-um.  [Sup- 
posed to  be  derived  from  au'rnm,  “ gold.”] 
The  orange.  The  fruit  of  Citrus  biyara- 
dia  and  C.  auravtium  (Lond.  Ph.),  of 
Citrus  vulgaris  (Ed.  Ph.),  or  C.  aurantium 
(U.S.  Ph.'). 

Au 'rate.  [An'ras,  a '/?'#.]  A com- 
bination of  auric  acid  with  a base. 

Au'rate  of  Am-mo'ni-a.  [Am- 

mo'nise  Au  ras.]  Fulminating  Gold, 
which  see. 

Au-re'll-a.*  [From  au'rum,  “gold.”] 
A term  for  the  chrysalis  or  pupa  of  in- 
sects, often  adorned  with  golden  spots. 

Au'ric  As'id.  [Au'rienm  A$'i<l- 
hub;  from  au'rum,  “gold.”]  A name 
proposed  by  Pelletier  for  the  peroxide 
of  gold,  on  account  of  its  property  of 
forming  salts  with  alkaline  bases. 

Auricle.  See  Auricula. 

A u -r  ic ' u-la,*  plural  Au-ric'u-lie. 
[The  diminutive  of  au'ris,  the  “oar.”] 
The  auricle  or  external  portion  of  the  ear. 

Auric  ula  Iii'fl-ma.*  Literally,  the 
“lowest  ear.”  The  lobe  of  the  ear. 

Au-ric'u-Isc  C’or'ilis.*  [From  ow- 
ric'ula  and  cor,  cor' die,  the  “heart.”] 
“Auricles  of  the  heart.”  A term  ap- 
plied to  those  cavities  of  the  heart  which 
lead  to  the  ventricles. 

Au-ric-u-la'ris.*  [From  avric'ula , 
an  “ear.”]  Belonging  to  the  ear:  au- 
ric'ular. 


AUR 


AYE 


Au-ric'u-late.  [Anricnla'tns; 

from  auric' ula,  an  “car.”]  Applied  in 
Botany  to  a leaf  when  jt  has  a lobe  on 
each  side  of  its  base;  eared. 

Aurictile,  O'rAkiil'.  The  French 
term  for  Auricle,  which  see. 

Au-ricu-ltt-Ven-tric'u-lar  O'pen- 
iug.  Tiie  opening  between  the  auricle 
anil  ventricle  of  each  side  of  the  heart. 

Aa-rif  er-ous.  [Atirif  'erus;  from 
mi' run i,  “gold,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  containing  gold. 

Aa'ri-fi>rjit.  [Aurifor  mis;  from 
an'ris , the  “ear.”]  Formed  like  the  ear. 

Au-ri'go,*  or  Au-ra'go.'^  [From 
an' rum,  “gold.”]  Orange-skin.  A term 
applied  to  an  orange  hue  diffused  over 
the  entire  surface  of  the  skin  in  new- 
born infants:  Sauvages  terras  it  ephe'lis 
lu'tea.  Also  an  old  name  for  jaundice. 

Au-rl-pig-ni3ii'tuiii.*  [From  an'- 
rum , “gold,”  and  piginen'tum , “paint.”] 
Yellow  Orpiment.  See  Orpiment. 

An'ris.*  The  Latin  term  for  the 
“ear.”  It  is  distinguished  into  the  ex- 
ternal and  the  internal. 

Au-ri-sc&l'piun.*  [From  scal'po , 
to  “scrape.”]  An  instrument  for  cleans- 
ing the  ear. 

Au'ri-sci»pe.  [Auris'copus;  from 
an'ris,  the  “ear,”  and  okottcm,  to  “ex- 
plore.”] An  instrument  for  ascertaining 
the  condition  of  the  Eustachian  passage. 

Aiirinm,  Tinnitus.  See  Tinnitus 
Aurium. 

Au'ruwt.*  The  Latin  for  Gold,  which 
see. 

Aunim  F ulna i Qians.  See  Fulmi- 
nating Gold. 

Aus-cul-ta'tion.  [Anscnita'tio, 

o' mis;  from  auscul'to , ausculta'tum , to 
“listen.”]  The  act  of  listening  to  the 
sound  given  by  particular  parts  of  the 
body  when  struck,  or  to  the  sounds  pro- 
duced by  the  functional  movements  of 
the  lungs  or  heart. 

Ausculta'tion,  Iin-me'di-atie. 

That  practised  directly  by  the  ear  of 
the  practitioner  without  the  aid  of  an 
instrument. 

Ausculta'tion,  Me'da-ate.  That 
performed  by  employing  a stethoscope 
or  some  similar  instrument. 

Aus-traTis.*  [From  Aus'ter , the 
“south  wind.”]  Belonging  to  the  south: 
aus'tral. 

Au-to-car'pous.  [Autocar 'pens, 
or  Autocarpia'nus;  from  auro;,  “it- 
self,” and  Kapiro;,  “fruit.”]  Applied  to 
fruit  not  adherent  to  the  calyx;  superior. 

Autochthon,*  au-tok'thon,  plural 


Au-toch'tho-nes.  [From  avrdt,  “it. 
self,”  sometimes  “very,”  and^d^/*  land,” 
or  “country.”]  A name  given,  by  those 
who  hold  the  doctrine  that  the  various 
races  of  mankind  wer  e originally  distinct, 
to  the  first  inhabitants  of  a country,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  produced  in  the 
“very  country  or  place  itself.” 

Autochthonous.  See  Thrombus. 

Au-tog'e-nous.  [Autog'enus;  from 
avros,  “itself,”  or  “one’s  self,”  and  ymo, 
to  “be  born.”]  Applied  in  Comparative 
Anatomy,  by  Owen,  to  parts  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres. 

Au-to-inat'ic.  [Automat'ieus ; 

from  ai>  to  par  1^,(0,  to  “act  spontaneously.”] 
Applied  to  functions  or  motions  per- 
formed without  the  will,  as  digestion, 
the  heart’s  action,  etc. 

Au-to-plas'tic.  [Autoplas'ticus.] 
Belonging  to  autoplasty. 

Au'to-pflas-ty.  [Autojplas'tia ; 
from  avrog,  “one’s  self,”  and  ttX'htco),  to 
“form.”]  Operations  by  which  lesions 
are  repaired  by  means  of  healthy  parts 
being  taken  from  the  neighborhood  of 
the  lesion  and  made  to  supply  the  de- 
ficiency caused  by  wounds  or  disease. 

Au-top'so-riu.  [From  avrog,  “one’s 
self,”  and  i//-opa,  the  “itch.”]  That 
which  is  given  under  the  homoeopathic 
doctrine  of  administering  a patient’s 
own  virus. 

Au'top-sy*  [Autop'sia;  from  avrog, 
“one’s  self,”  and  the  “act  of  see- 
ing.”] Ocular  examination. 

A-ve'ma.*  The  oat.  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  seeds  of 
Arena  sativa.  See  Avenai:  Semina. 

Ave'na  Sa-ti'va.*  The  oat-plant. 
See  AvENiE  Semina. 

A-ve'nae  Fa-ri'na.*  (“Meal  of  Oats.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.Ph.)  for 
oatmeal,  prepared  from  the  seed  of  Arena 
sativa.  Used  for  gruels,  decoctions,  etc. 

A-ve'anae  Sem'I-aia.*  [From  se'men, 
“seed,”  plural  sem'ina.]  Literally,  the 
“seeds  of  the  oat.”  Oats;  the  fruit  of 
the  Arena  satira,  of  the  order  Graminese, 
yielding  a flour  or  meal  which  forms  a 
common  article  of  food  in  some  parts  of 
Europe.  Groats  are  the  oats  freed  from 
the  cuticle,  and  used  in  broth  and  gruels. 

A-ve-na'ccous.  [Avena'ceus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  Arena. 

A-ven-5-for'mis.*  [From  ave'na , 
and  for'ma.]  Like  a grain  of  oats: 
aven'iform. 

A-ve'ni-ous.  [Ave'nius;  from  a, 
priv.,  and  ve'na,  a “vein.”]  Applied  to  the 
leaves  of  plants  without  veins,  or  nerves. 

71 


AYE 


AZY 


A'ves,*  the  plural  of  Avis,  which  see. 

A-vic'u-lar.  [Avacaila'ris ; from 
avic'ula , a “little  bird.”]  Pertaining  to 
birds. 

A 'vis.*  A bird.  Applied  in  the  plu- 
ral (A'ves)  to  a class  of  oviparous  Ver- 
ted rata  including  all  birds  proper. 

Avoime,  Avwan'.  The  French  for 
“oats.”  See  Avena. 

A-vul'sion.  [Avul'sio;  fvomavel’lo, 
avul' sum,  to  “tear  asunder.”]  The  forci- 
ble separation  from  each  other  of  parts 
of  the  body  which  were  previously  more 
or  less  intimately  united. 

Awm.  See  Arista. 

Ax-if'er-mis.  [Axif'erus;  from 
ax' is,  and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Applied  to 
plants  having  only  a stem  or  axis,  vari- 
ously modified. 

Ax-il'la.*  The  armpit;  the  cavity 
under  the  upper  part  of  the  arm  and 
shoulder.  Applied  in  Botany  to  the 
angle  formed  by  a branch  and  the  stem, 
or  by  a leaf  with  either  of  these. 

Ax-il-la'ras.*  [From  axil’ la,  the 
“armpit;”  Fr.  Axillaire,  ax'6'laiR'.]  Be- 
longing to  the  axilla:  axillary.  Applied 
also  to  branches  and  leaves  that  form  an 
axilla. 

Ax'il-la-ry.  Belonging  to  the  arm- 
pit.  See  Axillaris. 

Ax'illary  Plex'us.  [Plex'us  Ax- 
illaris.] The  brachial  plexus  formed 
by  the  three  last  cervical  and  the  first 
dorsal  nerves. 

Ax'is.*  [Perhaps  from  a’ go,  to  “ act,” 
to  “drive.”]  Literally,  an  “axle”  about 
which  any  revolving  body  turns.  A 
right  line,  real  or  imaginary,  passing 
through  the  centre  of  any  body.  The 
name  of  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
its  tooth-like  process  serving  as  an  axis 
on  which  the  atlas,  and  so  the  head  itself, 
turns;  also  termed  Ver’tebra  deuta'ta. 
In  Astronomy,  the  axis  of  the  earth  is 
that  diameter  about  which  it  performs  its 
diurnal  revolution.  In  Geology,  applied 
to  the  centre  of  a mountain-group.  In 
Botany,  the  stem  and  root  of  a plant, 
termed,  respectively,  the  ascending  and 
descending  axis. 

Axis,  Anticlinal.  See  Anticlinal. 

Axis,  Synclinal.  See  Synclinal 
Axis. 

Ax-ot'o-mous.  [Axot'omns;  from 

aCtxj,  the  “axis,”  and  ri/jvw,  to  “cut.”] 
Applied  to  minerals  which  arc  clcavablc 
in  one  direction,  perpendicular  to  the  axis. 

Ax-un'^l-a.*  [From  ax’ is,  an  “axle- 
tree,”  and  un’guo,  to  “anoint,”  to 
72 


“smear;”  Fr.  Axonge,  &x7>Nzh'.]  Hog’s 
lard.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed. 
Ph.)  of  the  fat  of  the  Sns  scrofa,  the 
Adeps  (U.  S.  Ph.),  or  Adeps  suillus 
(Dub.  Ph  ).  See  Adeps. 

Axun'gia  Porci'ma.*  The  same  as 
Adeps  Suillus,  which  see. 

Az-e-ta'ic  A^'id.  An  acid  obtained 
by  treating  oleic  with  nitric  acid.  It 
closely  resembles  suberic  acid.  An- 
other acid,  the  Azoleic,  is  procured  by 
the  same  process.  The  terms  are  derived 
from  the  words  azote  and  oleic. 

Az-o-ben'zMe.  A new  substance 
obtained  by  heating  a mixture  of  nitro- 
benzide  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of 
potassa. 

Az-o-lit'man.  A pure  coloring  ma- 
terial, of  a deep  blood-red  color,  obtained 
from  litmus. 

Az'ote.  [Azo'tnm;  from  a,  priv., 
and  (,ao),  to  “live;”  because  unfit  for  sus- 
taining life.]  Nitrogen  gas. 

A-zdt'Ic  A$'id.  Another  name  for 
Nitric  Acid,  which  see. 

Az-o'tous  A^'id.  Another  name  for 
nitrous  acid;  the  hyponitrous  acid  of 
Turner.  Sec  Nitrous  Acid. 

Az-dt-u'ri-a.**  [From  azo'tum,  and 
ovpov,  the  “urine.”]  A class  of  diseases 
characterized  by  a great  increase  of 
urea  in  the  urine. 

Az-ul'mic  A$'id.  The  name  given 
by  Boullay  to  the  black  matter  deposited 
during  the  decomposition  of  prussic 
acid.  It  is  very  similar  to  ulmic  acid. 
See  Ulmin. 

Azure,  a'zhur.  A fine  blue  pigment, 
commonly  called  smalt,  consisting  of 
glass  colored  with  oxide  of  cobalt  and 
ground  to  an  impalpable  powder. 

Az  ure  Stone.  [La'pis  Uaz'uli.] 
An  azure-blue  mineral  from  which  the 
unchangeable  blue  color  ultramarine  is 
prepared. 

Azygos  Uvulae.  See  Azygous  Mus- 
cle. 

Az'y-goais.  [Az'ygos;  from  a,  priv., 
and  t,vy6q,  a “yoke.”]  Without  a fellow,  or 
corresponding  part. 

Az'ygous  Mus  cle.  A muscle  of  tho 
uvula. 

Azygous  Process.  [Processus 
Az'ygos.]  A process  of  tho  sphenoid 
bone. 

Az'ygousVein.  [Ve'na  Az'ygos.] 

A vein  formed  by  the  union  of  tho  lower 
intercostal  veins  of  the  left  side,  and 
ascending  in  front  of  tho  spine  on  tho 
right  side  of  the  aorta. 


BAB 


BAL 


B. 


B.  A.  = BaVneum  Are'nae.*  A sand- 
bath. 

Bab 'lab.  The  rind  or  shell  which 
surrounds  the  fruit  of  the  Mimosa  cine- 
raria. It  is  brought  from  the  East 
Indies,  under  the  name  of  nebneb , and  is 
employed  as  a dye-stuff. 

Bac'ca.*  A berry;  an  inferior,  inde- 
hiscent,  pulpy  fruit,  as  the  gooseberry. 
The  term  is  often  otherwise  applied  by 
botanists. 

Baccate.  [Bacca'tus;  from  bac'ca, 
a “ berry. ”]  Resembling  a berry. 

Bacchia,*  bak-ki'a.  [From  Bac'clms, 
the  “god  of  wine.”]  Gutta  Rosacea. 
The  pimpled  condition  of  the  face  con- 
sequent on  hard  drinking.  See  Acne 
Rosacea. 

Bacciferous,  bak-sif'er-us.  [Bac'- 
^ifer,  or  Baccif'erus;  from  bac'ca , 
a “berry,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bear- 
ing berries. 

Bacciform,  bak'se-form.  [Bacci- 
forniis;  from  bac'ca,  a “berry.”]  Hav- 
ing the  form  of  a berry. 

Baccivorous,  bak-siv'o-rus.  [Bac- 
eiv'orus;  from  bac'ca,  a “berry,”  and 
vo'ro , to  “devour.”]  Eating  or  living 
on  berries. 

Bacli'e-lor’s  Buttons.  A name 
sometimes  applied  to  Nux  Vomica,  which 
see. 

Bach'er’s  Ton'ic  Pills.  Extract 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh,  of  each  5j,  with 
Siij  of  powdered  carduus  benedictus,  to 
be  divided  into  pills  of  one  grain  each: 
dose,  two  to  six  three  times  a day. 

Backbone.  See  Spine. 

Bac'u-lus.*  Literally,  a “stick”  or 
“staff,”  and  hence  the  name  of  a lozenge, 
shaped  into  a little,  short  roll. 

Baignoire.  See  Baptisterium. 

Bain,  baNg.  The  French  word  for 
Bath,  which  see. 

Ba  ker’s  Itch.  A species  of  Psori'a- 
sis  diffu'sa,  resulting  from  the  irritating 
qualities  of  yeast. 

Ba'ker’s  Salt.  A name  given  to  the 
subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  or  smelling- 
salts,  from  its  being  used  by  bakers  as  a 
substitute  for  yeast  in  the  manufacture 
of  some  of  the  finer  kinds  of  bread. 

Ba-lae'na  Mac-ro-^eph'a-lus.*  A 
species  of  Physeter  Macrocephalus, 
which  see. 

Balsenidse,*  ba-len'e-de.  [From  balse'- 
na,  a “whale.”]  A family  of  the  Cetacea. 
7* 


Bal  ance  E-lec-trom'e-ter.  An  in- 
strument, constructed  on  the  application 
of  the  common  balance  and  weights,  to 
estimate  the  mutual  attraction  of  oppo- 
sitely-electrified surfaces. 

Bal-a-nif'er-ous.  [Balanif 'erus; 
from  (iaXavog , an  “ acorn,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  acorns. 

Bal'a-nism.  [Balanis'miis;  from 
/ 3a\avig , a “pessary.”]  The  application 
of  a pessary. 

Bal-a-ni'tis.*  [From  paXavog , the 
“ glans  penis."]  Inflammation  of  the 
glans  penis  and  prepuce,  commonly 
complicated  with  phymosis;  otherwise 
termed  Gonorrhoe' a bal'ani , Bal'  ano-pos- 
thi'tis,  and  Posthitis. 

Bal'it-noid.  [Balanoi'dcs;  from 
{JaXavog,  an  “acorn.”]  Resembling  an 
acorn. 

Balanophoracese,*  bal'a-no-fo-ra'- 
she-e.  [Named  from  Balanoph'ora , one 
of  the  genera.]  A natural  order  of 
fungus-like  parasitical  plants.  They 
belong  to  the  class  of  Rhizogens. 

Bal'a-no-Pos-thi'tis,  id  is*  [From 
/ 3d\auog , the  “ glans  penis,"  and  n oadrj,  the 
“prepuce.”]  The  same  as  Balanitis. 

Bal  a- n us.*  [Gr./faXtn/oj,  an  “acorn,” 
a “gland.”]  The  Gians  penis  and  Gians 
clitoridis. 

Ba-laus'ti-um.*  [From  paYtog,  “ va- 
rious.”] The  flower  of  the  pomegranate- 
tree. 

Balbuties,-  bal-bu'she-ez.  [From 
balbu'tio,  to  “stammer.”]  Hesitation 
of  speech;  stammering.  See  Stammer- 
ing. 

Ball-and-Socket  Joint,  See  Enar- 

THROSTS. 

Bal-lis'imis,*  [From  paXXiCcj,  to 
“dance.”]  A name  for  Chorea , or  St. 
Vitus’s  dance. 

Bal-loon'.  [Fr.  Ballon,  bal'l6N«'.] 
A spherical  glass  receiver,  with  one  or 
two  necks  for  adaptation  to  a retort  or 
other  vessel. 

Bal-lo'ta  ILa-na'ta.*  A plant  indi- 
genous in  Siberia,  recommended  by 
Brera  in  rheumatic  and  gouty  affec- 
tions. 

Ballottement,  bal'lott'moN6'.  [From 
the  French  ballotter,  bal'lot'tiV,  to  “toss 
as  a ball,”  to  “ shake  about.”]  The  pas- 
sive movements  of  the  foetus  in  the 
liquor  arnnii,  felt  by  applying  the  finger 
to  the  cervix  uteri  and  raising  it  sud- 
73 


BAL 


BAL 


denly  upwards,  when  the  foetus  will 
strike  on  the  finger  in  its  descent. 

’ftalm,  b&m.  [From  baV samum,  “ bal- 
sam.”] A soothing  or  healing  medicine. 

Balm  of  Gilead.  See  Balsam  of 
Mecca. 

Balm  Tea.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves 
of  Metis'  sa  ojjicina' Us , or  common  balm. 

Bal-aie-og^ra-play.  [Balneogra'- 
phia;  from  bal'neum,  a “bath,”  and 
ypd(p(t),  to  “write.”]  A description  of 
baths. 

Bal-ne-oro-gy.  [Balneolo'gia ; 

from  bal'neum,  a “bath,”  and  \6yoq,  a 
“ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  baths ; the 
science  of  baths. 

BM'Ke-o-ther-a-pi'a.*  [From  bal'- 
neum, a ‘bath,”  and  Oepanda,  “attend- 
ance.”] The  proper  employment  of  baths. 

Bal'ii«s-um.*  [G-r.  fiaXaveTov.]  The 
Latin  term  for  Bath,  which  see. 

Bal'neum  An-i-ma'le.*  Any  part 
of  a newly-killed  animal,  wrapped  round 
the  body  or  a limb. 

Bal'neum  A r-e'nse.*  (“  Bath  of 
sand.”)  See  Bath. 

Bal'neum  Ma-ri'ae,*  Bal'neum 
Ma'ris.*  A water-bath,  a vessel  being 
put  into  another  containing  water,  which 
is  placed  on  the  fire;  heat  is  thus  gra- 
dually communicated. 

Bal'neum  Med-i-ca'tum.*  A medi- 
cated bath ; a bath  impregnated  with 
medicinal  substances. 

Bal'neum  Sic' cum.-  (“  Dry  bath.”) 
Immersion  in  any  dry  substance,  as  ashes, 
salt,  sand,  etc. 

Bal'neum  Sul-plau're-um.*  A bath 
containing  sulphur. 

Bals.  Abbreviation  for  Balsamum* 
“Balsam.” 

Balsam.  See  Balsamum. 

Bal'sam  (baul'sam)  of  the  Au'gia 
Sinen'sis,  or  Chinese'  Var'nisii:  it 
dries  into  a smooth,  shining  lac,  used  for 
lacquering  and  varnishing. 

Balsam  of  Copaiba.  See  Copaiba. 

Bal'sam  of  Liquidam'bau.  Balsam 
which  flows  from  incisions  made  into 
the  trunk  of  the  Liquidambar  sty racijlua : 
it  dries  up  readily,  and  thus  occurs  in 
the  solid  form. 

Bal'sam  of  Mec'ca  (“Mecca  Bal- 
sam”), or  O'pobalsam.  Balsam  obtained 
by  incisions  of,  and  by  boiling,  the 
branches  and  leaves  of  the  Amyris  Gilea- 
deusis  (otherwise  called  Balsamomendron 
G ileadense),  and  the  A.  Opobalsamum.  It 
becomes  eventually  solid. 

Bal'sam  of  Peru'.  ( Bal'samum  Pe- 
ruvia'num .*)  A balsam  procured  from 
74 


the  Myrospermum  Peruiferum.  There 
are  two  kinds:  the  brown  balsam,  ex- 
tracted by  incision,  very  rare,  imported 
in  the  husk  of  the  cocoanut,  and  hence 
called  balsam  en  coque ; and  the  black 
balsam,  obtained  by  evaporating  the 
decoction  of  the  bark  and  branches  of 
the  tree.  These  are  semi-fluid  balsams. 

Bal'sam  of  Sto'rax.  Balsam  said 
to  be  procured  from  the  Liquidambar 
attina  and  Orientale.  The  substance 
sold  as  strained  storax  is  prepared  from 
an  impure  variety  of  liquid  storax. 

Bal'sam  of  To'lu.  ( Bal'samum  To 
luia'num .*)  A balsam  which  flows  spon- 
taneously from  the  trunk  of  the  Myro- 
spermum toluiferum  and  dries  into  a red- 
dish resinous  mass. 

The  following  artificial  balsams  may 
be  named : — 

Bal'sam  of  Hore'hound.  An  aqueous 
infusion  of  horehound  and  liquorice-root, 
with  double  the  proportion  of  proof  spirit, 
or  brandy,  to  which  are  then  added 
opium,  camphor,  benzoin,  squills,  oil  of 
aniseed,  and  honey. 

Bal'sam  of  Liq'uorice.  This  con- 
sists principally  of  paregoric  elixir,  very 
strongly  impregnated  with  the  oil  of 
aniseed. 

Bal'sam  of  Sitl'phur.  A solution 
of  sulphur  in  volatile  oils. 

Balsamacese,*  bal-sa-ma'she-e,  or 
Bal-sa-mif 'lu-se.*  A natural  order 
of  balsamiferous  trees,  consisting  of  one 
genus,  the  Liquidambar.  This  order  is 
termed  by  Lindley  Altingiacese. 

Balsamatio  (bal-sa-ma'she-o), 

o 'nis*  [From  bal'samum.]  The  process 
of  embalming  dead  bodies.  See  Em- 
balming. 

Bal-sa'me-ms.*  Of  the  nature  of  a 
balsam.  Also  the  specific  name  of  a tree 
which  produces  balsam. 

Bal-sam'ic.  [Balsam  'icns.]  Per- 
taining to  balsam;  of  the  nature  of  bal- 
sam. 

Bal-sam'ic-a.*  Balsamics.  A term 
generally  applied  to  substances  of  a 
smooth  and  oily  consistence,  possessing 
emollient  and  generally  aromatic  pro- 
perties. 

Kal-sa-niif'e-ra  Bra-zil-I-en'sis.* 

An  ther  name  for  the  Copaifera  offici- 
nalis. 

BsO-sa-mif'er-ous.  [Balsam  if'* 

eraas;  from  bal'samum,  a “balsam,”  and 
fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  yielding 
balsam. 

Balsamiaiaceae,*bal-sam-in-a'she-e. 
[From  Balsami'na,  one  of  the  genera.] 


BAL 


BAR 


A natural  order  of  herbaceous  plants 
including  the  Impatient  noli-tangere . 
They  are  prized  for  their  showy 
flowers. 

BM-sa-mo-den'dron.*  [From  /?aA- 
o-a/ucn,  a “balsam,"  and  bivbpov,  a “tree."] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Octandria. 
See  Amyris. 

Balsamoden'dron  Myr'rha/  The 

tree  supposed  to  yield  myrrh. 

Balsa-mum.*  [Gr.  lidXaapov',  from 
Heb.  baal  samen , the  “prince  of  oils."] 
A balsam.  A vegetable  juice,  liquid,  or 
semifluid,  or  spontaneously  becoming 
concrete. 

Bal'samnm  Can-a-den'se.*  Cana- 
dian balsam:  obtained  from  the  Pin  us 
balsa  me  a. 

Balsamum  (o-pai  lmr.  Balsam 
of  copaiba  or  copaiva;  vulgarly,  capivif 
and  capivi  oil.  See  Copaiba. 

Balsamum  Gileadense.  See  Bal- 
sam of  Mecca. 

Balsamum  Ju-tla'I-cum.*  An- 
other term  for  the  Balsamum  Gileadense. 

Balsamum  Peruvianum.  See 

Balsam  of  Peru. 

Bal  samum  Sapona'ceum*(sap-o- 
na'she-um).  The  camphorated  soap  lini- 
ment, or  opodeldoc. 

Balsamum  Syr-i'a-eum.s  The 

Balsamum  Gileadense. 

Balsamum  Tolulanum.  See  Bal- 
sam of  Tolu. 

Bal'samumVe'rum.*  (“True  Bal- 
sam.") The  Balsamum  Gileadense. 

Ban'dage.  [Fascia,  Beliga'tio, 

o'nis , and  Des'ma.]  One  or  more 
pieces  of  cotton,  linen,  or  flannel,  for 
wrapping  round  any  part  of  the  body: 
they  are  simple,  as  the  circular,  spiral, 
uniting,  etc.,  or  compound,  as  the  T 
bandage,  the  suspensory,  eighteen-tailed, 
etc.  etc. 

Bnii-dan'a.  A style  of  calico-print- 
ing practised  in  India,  in  which  white 
or  brightly-colored  spots  are  produced 
upon  a red  or  dark  ground. 

Ban'dy-Begrged.  [ Bandy  is  a cor- 
ruption of  the  French  participle  bande, 
“bent,"  from  bander , to  “bend."]  Hav- 
ing legs  the  bones  of  which  are  curved 
outwards,  or  otherwise.  See  D e valgatus. 

Bang:,  or  Bang;ue.  See  Cannabis 
Indica,  and  Bhang. 

Ban'yer’s  4>mt'ment.  An  ointment 
consisting  of  half  a pound  of  litharge, 
two  ounces  of  burnt  alum,  one  ounce  and 
a half  of  calomel,  half  a pound  of  Venice 
turpentine,  and  two  pounds  of  lard  well 
rubbed  together.  It  is  used  in  Porrigo. 


Baobab,  b&'o-b&b'.  The  African  name 
of  the  Adanso'nia  digita'ta , a tree  grow- 
ing native  inWest  Africa  and  cultivated 
in  Egypt  and  Abyssinia.  The  trunk  is 
said  to  attain,  in  some  instances,  the 
enormous  thickness  of  ten  yards.  The 
leaves,  in  the  form  of  powder,  are  some- 
times used  in  African  cookery.  The 
fruit  has  a subacid  juice,  which  renders 
it  valuable  in  fevers.  The  bark  of  the 
Baobab  abounds  in  mucilage.  It  is  said 
to  have  sometimes  been  given  in  fevers 
as  a substitute  for  cinchona. 

Baphicus  Coccus,  or  Baphicum 
Coccum.  See  Kermks  Berry. 

Bap-tis-te'ri-um.*  [From  .Ganri^o),  to 
“dip,"  to  “ bathe/’  Fr.  Baignoire , ben'- 
w&r\]  A bathing-place. 

Baptorrhfjea,*  bap-to-re'a.  [From 
/3anr6;,  “infected,"  and  pern,  to  “flow."] 
A term  intended  to  designate  Gonorrhoea , 
Blennorrhoea , Blennorrhagia , etc. 

Bar-ba'floes  Beg;.  A disease  of  hot 
climates;  the  Elephantiasis  Arabum. 

Barba 'floes  Nuts.  [Nu'ces  Bar- 
baden'ses.]  The  fruit  of  the  Jatropha 
c ureas.  The  seeds  are  called  physic 
nuts.  See  Jatropha. 

Barba'floes  Tar.  The  Bitumen  Bar - 
badense,  Bitumen  petroleum , or  Petroleum 
Barbadense. 

Bar'ba-ry  Guin,  or  Mo-roc'co 
Gum.  A variety  of  gum  Arabic  said 
to  be  produced  by  the  Acacia  gummifera. 

Bar  bate.  [Barba'tus;  from  bar'ba, 
a “beard."]  Bearded. 

Bar  bel-late.  [Barbella'tus;  from 
barbel' la , a “little  beard."]  Having 
barbels. 

Bar'biers.  A disease  of  India  and 
the  Malabar  coast;  a peculiar  species  of 
palsy. 

Bar-big/er-ous.  [Barbig/erus ; 

from  bar'ba.  a “beard,"  and  ye' ro,  to 
“bear."]  Having  a beard;  hairy. 

Baregfe,  b&'r&zh',  written  also  Bar- 
rage. A village  situated  on  the  French 
side  of  the  Pyrenees,  celebrated  for  its 
thermal  waters.  A peculiar  substance 
has  been  obtained  from  these  and  other 
waters  and  termed  baregin , bar'a-zhin. 

Ba-ril'Ia.  [From  the  Spanish  barilla , 
bar-rel'y&,  a plant  called  “salt-wort."] 
Impure  carbonate  of  soda  imported  from 
Spain  and  the  Levant.  British  barilla, 
obtained  by  burning  sea-weeds,  is  called 
kelp. 

Ba'ri-«m/  [From  Gapvg,  “heavy."] 
The  metallic  basis  of  the  earth  baryta , 
so  named  from  the  great  density  of  its 
compounds. 


75 


BAR 


BAS 


Bark.  [Cor'tex.]  In  the  plural,  a 
popular  term  for  Peruvian  bark,  or  that 
of  any  species  of  cinchona.  See  Cinchona. 

Bark,  Car-I-be'an,  or  Saint  Luci  a 
Bark,  sometimes  improperly  called  Cin- 
cho'na  Caribse'a.*  The  bark  of  the 
Exostem'ma  Caribse'um,  and  perhaps  of 
some  other  trees.  It  is  a useful  substi- 
tute for  cinchona,  and,  though  contain- 
ing neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia,  is  one 
of  the  most  valuable  of  the  spurious  barks. 

Bark,  Es-sen'tial  Salt  of.  This  is 
merely  an  extract,  prepared  by  mace- 
rating the  bruised  substance  of  bark  in 
cold  water,  and  submitting  the  infusion 
to  a very  slow  evaporation. 

Bar 'ley.  [Hor'deum.]  The  seeds 
of  Hordeum  distich  on  or  vulgare. 

Bar' ley,  Caus'tic.  The  seeds  of 
Ve  rat  rum  sabadil/a. 

Barm.  See  Fermentum  Cerevisi^e. 

Bar-o-mac- roan 'e- ter.  [Baromac- 
rom'etrum;  from  (idpog,  “weight,”  yax- 
poj.  “length/'  and  yirpor,  a “measure."] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
weight  and  length  of  new-born  infants. 

Ba-roan'e-ter.  [Lat.  Barom'etrum ; 
Fr.  Barometre , b&'ro'metr' ; from  (3dpog, 
“weight,"  and  yerpor,  a “measure."]  An 
instrument  for  ascertaining  the  weight 
or  pressure  of  the  atmosphere ; a weather- 
glass. 

Bar ' o-seope.  [ Barosco ' pa  um ; 

from  (3dpo ;,  “weight,"  and  okoteoj,  to 
“observe."]  A barometer  sensible  to 
the  slightest  atmospheric  variations. 

Ba-ros'ma.*  [From  /3apvg,  “ heavy," 
and  “odor."]  A genus  of  plants 

of  the  order  Butacepe.  The  leaves  of 
several  species  constitute  buchu.  For- 
merly called  Dio8ma. 

Bar'ras  (French  pron.,  b&'R&').  An 
oleo-resinous  substance.  See  Galipot. 

Barrenness.  See  Sterility. 

Barring’toniacese,*  bar'ring-to-ne- 
a'she-e.  A natural  order  of  trees  or 
shrubs,  found  in  the  tropics. 

Bartholinianee,  Blandulie/  glan'- 
du-le  bar'to-le-ne-a'ne.  The  sublingual 
glands,  named  after  Bartholin. 

Bar'wood.  A red  dye-wood  brought 
from  Africa,  and  used  with  sulphate  of 
iron  for  producing  the  dark  red  upon 
British  bandana  handkerchiefs. 

Baryeeoaa,*  bar'e-e-ko'ya.  [From 
“heavy,"  and  dxor/,  “hearing."] 
Dulness  of  hearing;  deafness. 

Ba-rypk'o-ny.  [Baryptio'nia ; 
from  flaprvg,  “heavy,"  and  (pujvfi,  the 
“voice."]  Difficulty  of  speech. 

Ba-ry'ta,*  or  Ba-ry'te6.*  [From 
76 


Qapvg,  “heavy ;"  on  account  of  its  weight.] 
An  alkaline  earth,  the  heaviest  of  all  the 
earths.  It  is  a virulent  poison.  The 
native  sulphate  of  baryta  is  termed 
heavy  spar. 

Basalt,  ba-sault'.  [From  the  Latin 
basal'tes,  described  by  Pliny  as  a kind 
of  marble  very  hard  and  of  an  iron 
color.]  A common  species  of  trap  rock, 
essentially  composed  of  feldspar  and 
augite.  It  is  of  a compact  texture  and 
of  a dark-green,  gray,  or  black  color. 
It  is  often  found  in  regular  columns,  of 
which  the  Giants'  Causeway  and  the 
island  of  Staffa  furnish  magnificent  ex- 
amples. 

Ba-sal'tl-form.  [Basaltifor  mis ; 

from  basalt’.]  Formed  like  basalt. 

Ba-sal'toi<l.  [Easaltoi'des:  from 
basalt and  eido$y  a “form."]  Resem- 
bling basalt. 

Bas'a-nite.  [From  ftdoaiog,  a Ly- 
dian stone.]  A sort  of  touchstone  by 
which  the  purity  of  gold  was  tried,  and 
of  which  medical  mortars  were  made. 
It  consists  of  silica,  lime,  magnesia,  car- 
bon, and  iron. 

Bas-cu-la'tion.  [From  the  French 

basevler,  to  “see-saw."]  A term  used  in 
examinations  of  the  uterus  in  retrover- 
sion : the  fundus  is  pressed  upwards,  the 
cervix  downwards.  It  is  half  the  see- 
saw movement. 

Base.  [Ba'sis;  Gr.  (3daig,  a “founda- 
tion."] The  earth,  alkali,  or  metallic 
oxide  which,  combined  with  an  acid, 
forms  a salt.  In  Pharmacy  it  denotes 
the  principal  ingredient  of  any  com- 
pound preparation. 

Basellacese,*  bas-el-la'she-e.  A 
natural  ord<  r of  herbaceous  plants,  found 
in  tropical  regions. 

Ba-si-a'tor,  o'r?s.*  [From  ba'sio, 
basin' turn,  to  “kiss."]  A muscle  whose 
office  it  is  to  contract  the  mouth.  See 
Orbicularis  Oris. 

Bas-i-bran'clii-al.  [ Basil* ran clii* 

a'lis;  from  ba'sis  and  brauehiu'lis.] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  certain  parts  of  the 
branchial  arch  in  fishes. 

Ba'sic.  [Bas'ictis.]  Belonging  to, 
or  like,  a base. 

Bas-f-Biy'al.  [Basihya'lis;  from 

ba'sis , “base,"  and  hyoi'des,  “hyoid."] 
A term  in  Comparative  Anatomy  applied 
to  the  two  small  subcubical  bones  on 
each  side,  forming  the  body  of  the  in- 
verted hyoid  arch. 

Bas'i-lad.  The  same  as  Basilar 
used  adverbially. 

Bas'i-fyr.  Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay 


BAS 


BAT 


as  meaning  "towards  the  base  of  the 
skull.” 

Ba-sil'ic.  [Basil'icus;  from  (3a<n - 
Xsv;,  a “king.”]  Kingly,  royal;  some- 
times applied  by  the  ancients  to  parts 
supposed  to  hold  an  important  place  in 
the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein.  A large  vein  situated 
at  the  fold  of  the  elbow,  in  front  of  the 
humeral  artery.  It  was  important  be- 
cause often  opened  in  cases  of  blood- 
letting. 

B:i-sil'i-con  ©int'ment,  sometimes 
written  Basil'lciim.  [From  the  Greek 
(3ci7i\i<6$,  Lat.  basil'icus,  "royal;”  so 
named  on  account  of  its  great  virtues.] 
The  Gera’ turn  resi'nse  (U.  S.  and  Lond. 
Ph.),  composed  of  five  parts  of  resin, 
eight  of  lard,  and  two  of  ye^ow  wax. 
It  is  much  used  as  a stimulating  appli- 
cation to  blistered  surfaces,  indolent 
ulcers,  burns,  etc. 

Ba/sin.  [From  the  French  bas'sin,  a 
" wet  dock.”]  A geological  term  de- 
noting the  sloping  of  strata  in  several 
directions  towards  a centre. 

Ba'si-o-.  A prefix  denoting  connec- 
tion with  the  basilar  process  of  the 
occipital  bone. 

Basio  -€lion<lro-  Cerato-  ©loss  its. 

See  Hyoglossus. 

Ba'sio-Olos'sus.*  [From  bn' sis,  and 
yXoio-j a,  the  "tongue.”]  A muscle  run- 
ning from  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides  to 
the  tongue. 

Basioccipital,  bas'e-ok-sip'e-tal. 
[Basioccipita'lis;  from  ha’ sis,  "base,” 
and  occipita'le  os,  the  "occipital  bone.”] 
Applied  in  Comparative  Anatomy,  by 
Owen,  to  a bone  homologous  with  the 
basilar  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Ba'sis.*  [Gr.  Qaois,  from  /latVca,  to 
"go,”  to  "step,”  hence,  "that  on  which 
one  steps  or  stands,”  a "foundation.”] 
The  substance  with  which  an  acid  is  com- 
bined in  a salt.  See  Base.  A mordant , 
or  substance  used  in  dyeing,  which  has 
an  affinity  both  for  the  cloth  and  the 
coloring  matter.  Also,  the  principal 
medicine  in  a prescription. 

Ba'sis  Cor'dis.*  \_C<>r,  cnr'dis,  the 
"heart.”]  The  "base  of  the  heart.” 
The  broad  part  of  the  heart  is  thus 
called,  as  distinguished  from  the  apex 
or  point. 

Bas-i-spiie'uoid.  [Basisphenoi'- 
des.]  Applied  in  Anatomy  and  Com- 
parative Anatomy,  by  Owen,  to  a bone 
homologous  with  the  base  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone. 

Bas'tard.  [No'tlius.]  Applied  to 


a plant  or  a disease  closely  resembling 
but  not  really  what  it  appears  to  be. 

Bas'tard  Bit'ta-ny.  The  root  of  the 
Dictamus  fraxinella,  nov 7 fallen  into  dis- 
use. 

Ba/syle.  [From  ftaous,  a "base,”  and 
v\n,  "stuff,”  "substance.”]  A term  pro- 
posed by  Mr.  Graham  to  denote  the  me- 
tallic radical  of  a salt.  Thus,  sodium  is 
the  basyle  of  sulphate  of  soda. 

Bate 'man's  Pcc'to-ral  Drops. 
These  consist  principally  of  the  tincture 
of  castor,  with  portions  of  camphor  and 
opium,  flavored  with  aniseed  and  colored 
by  cochineal.  Used  in  coughs  or  lung- 
affections. 

Bates’s  Al'tim  Wat'er.  The  Li'qnor 
Alu'minis  compos'itus  of  the  London 
Pharmacopoeia;  a powerful  astringent 
solution  employed  for  stimulating  and 
cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

Batli.  [Bal  neum,  plural  Bal'nea.] 
A term  applied  to  any  yielding  medium, 
such  as  water,  sand,  etc.,  in  which  a 
body  is  immersed.  Baths  are  commonly 
divided  into  general  and  partial:  they 
may  consist  of  simple  water,  or  be  medi- 
cated. As  the  physiological  and  thera- 
peutic effects  of  baths  are  modified  by 
their  temperature,  they  may  be  arranged 
under  the  following  heads  : — 

GENERAL  BATHS. 

Artificial  Sea-Wa'ter  Batii.  (BaV- 
nenm  ma'ris  facti'tium.*)  A solution  of 
one  part  of  common  salt  in  thirty  parts 
of  water. 

Cold  Bath.  (Bal'neum  frig’idum.*) 
The  temperature  ranges  from  33°  to  60° 
Fahr.  Below  50°  it  is  considered  very  cold. 

Cool  Bath.  ( Bal'neum  frig'idum.*) 
Temperature  from  60°  to  75°  Fahr. 

Hot-Air  Bath.  ( Bal'neum  sudato'- 
rium.%)  The  "sweating  bath.”  Tempera- 
ture from  100°  to  130°  Fahr. 

Hot  Bath.  ( Bal'neum  cal'idum .*)  Tem- 
perature from  98°  to  112°  Fahr. 

Tem'perate  Bath.  ( Bal'neum  tem- 
pera'turn*)  Temperature  from  75°  to 
85°  Fahr. 

Tep'id  Bath.  ( Bal'neum  tep' id-urn .*) 
Temperature  from  85°  to  92°  Fahr. 

Va'por  Bath.  (Bal'neum  vapo’ris ;* 
bal'neum  lacnn'icum.%)  Temperature  from 
122°  to  144-5°  Fahr.  When  a vapor 
bath  is  applied  only  to  a particular  part 
of  the  body,  it  is  called  a fumigation,  or 
vapor  douche. 

Warm  Bath.  (Bal'neum  cal'idum.*) 
Temperature  from  92°  to  98°  Fahr.;  that 
is,  about  that  of  the  body. 


77 


BAT 


BEE 


Sand  B^rn.  ( Bal'neum  are'nse.%) 
This  con  sists  of  an  iron  dish,  containing 
fine  sand,  placed  on  a fire.  A glass 
vessel  may  be  immersed  in  this  and 
gradually  heated  without  danger  of 
breaking. 

Batraekia.  See  Batrachius. 

Bat'rsa-cfoite.  [Batracki'tes;  from 
fidrpaxos,  a "frog,”  and  \i9og , a "stone.”] 
A stone  like  a frog;  the  toad-stone. 

Ba-tra'cM-us.^'  [From  parpaxog,  a 
"frog."’]  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Batra'chia ) to  an  order  of  Reptilia : 
batra'chian. 

Bat'ra-ehoid.  [Batracboi'des ; 

from  i Garpaxos,  a "frog,”  and  eifos,  a 
"form.”]  Resembling  a frog. 

Bat'ra-claus.*  [Gr.  Pdrpaxog,  a 
"frog.”]  The  same  as  Ranula,  which 
see. 

Bat'te-ry,  E-lec'tric-al.  A series 
of  coated  jars,  or  of  pieces  of  copper  and 
zinc,  for  producing  electrical  or  electro- 
chemical action. 

Bat'tery,  Gal-van'ic.  A combina- 
tion of  several  pairs  of  zinc  and  copper 
plates  soldered  together,  and  so  arranged 
that  the  same  metal  shall  always  be  on 
the  same ‘side  of  the  compound  plate. 

Bauhin  (bo'aN8'),  Val'vule  of.  A 
valve  in  the  caecum,  whose  office  it  is  to 
prevent  the  return  of  the  excrementi- 
tious  matters  from  the  caecum  into  the 
small  intestine.  The  extremities  of  its 
two  lips  form  rugae  in  the  straight  part 
of  the  caecum,  called  by  Morgagni  frsena 
of  the  valvule  of  Bauhin. 

Baume,  borne.  The  French  for 
Balsam,  which  see. 

Baume  de  Vie,  bom  deh  xh.  ("  Balm 
of  life.”)  The  compound  decoction  of 
aloes. 

Bay  Ber'ries.  [Bac'cse  Eau'ri.] 

The  berries  of  the  Laurusnobilis , or  Sweet 
Bay.  A solid  substance  is  extracted 
from  them,  called  laurin , or  camphor  of 
the  bay  berry. 

Bay  Clier'ry,  Bay  Eau'rel.  The 

Prunue  laurocera8ii8. 

Bay  Salt.  Chloride  of  sodium,  or  com- 
mon salt,  as  obtained  by  solar  evapora- 
tion on  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean. 

Bdella.  See  Hirudo. 

Bdelll-um.*  A name  applied  to 
two  gum-resinous  substances.  One  of 
these  is  the  Indian  bdellium,  or  false 
myrrh,  procured  from  the  Am’yris  com- 
miph'ora.  The  other  is  called  African 
bdellium,  and  is  obtained  from  the  Heu- 
delo'tia  Africa' na. 

Bdellometcr,  del-lom'e-t§r.  [B«lel- 

78 


lom'etrum;  from  PdiWa,  a "leech,” 
and  pzrpov,  a " measure.”]  An  instru- 
ment intended  as  a substitute  for  the 
leech. 

Bead'ed.  [Sxramula'tus.]  Applied 
to  roots  knotted,  like  beads  strung  closely 
together. 

Bead'-Proof.  A term  denoting  the 
strength  of  spirituous  liquors,  as  shown 
by  the  continuance  of  the  bubbles  or 
beads  on  the  surface. 

Beak.  [Ros'trum.]  The  tubular 
portion  of  a retort.  In  Ornithology,  the 
prolongation  of  the  mouth,  or  substance 
investing  the  mandibles,  almost  always 
horny,  and  of  various  forms,  according 
to  the  kind  of  food  used  by  each  species; 
the  bill. 

Bean  of  St.  Ignatius.  See  Strych- 

nos  Ignatia. 

Beard'ed.  [Barba'tus.]  Having 
a beard,  or  some  beard-like  appendage. 

Bear's  Ber'ry,  Bear's  Bil'ber-ry, 
Bear’s  Whor'tle-ber-ry.  The  Arc- 
tostajjhylos  uva  ursi,  formerly  called 
Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

Be-bee-rin'.  [Bebeeri'na.]  A vege- 
table alkali  discovered  in  the  Bebeeni , 
or  green-heart  tree,  of  British  Guiana. 

Bebeeru,  or  Bibiru,  be-be'roo.  A 
tree  of  British  Guiana,  the  timber  of 
which  is  known  to  wood-merchants  by 
the  name  of  Green-heart.  It  yields  a 
substance,  called  bebeerin,  of  antipe- 
riodic  properties. 

Bec'ea-bun'ga.*  [From  the  Ger- 
man Bachbungen,  "water-herb.”]  Spe- 
cific name  of  Veron'ica  Beccabun'ga. 

Becde Cuiller  (Fr.),bek  deh  kw&'yi'. 
An  instrument  for  extracting  balls. 

Bee  de  Eievre.  See  Hare-Lip. 

Bechic,  bek'ik.  [Bech'icus;  from 
Phi,  Pvxos,  "cough.”]  Belonging  to,  or 
relieving,  a cough. 

Beekica,*  bek'e-ka.  [See  preceding 
article.]  A general  term  for  medicines 
tending  to  relieve  cough  of  any  kind. 

Bedegar,  or  Bedeguar,  bed 'e-gar. 
A remarkable  gall,  termed  sweet-brier 
sponge,  found  on  various  species  of  Rosa, 
and  produced  by  the  puncture  of  several 
species  of  insects,  more  especially  the 
Cynips  Rossp. 

Beer.  [Cerevl'sia;  Fr.  Cervoise , 
seR'vw&z'.]  The  fermented  infusion  of 
malted  barley,  flavored  with  hops.  The 
term  "beer”  is  also  applied  to  beverages 
consisting  of  a saccharine  liquor  par- 
tially advanced  into  the  vinous  fermen- 
tation and  flavored  with  peculiar  sub- 
stances, as  spruce-beer,  ginger-beer,  etc. 


BEE 


BER 


Bees  tings.  The  first  milk  taken 
from  the  cow  after  calving. 

Bees’  Wax.  [Ce'ra.]  Wax  obtained 
from  the  comb  of  the  Apis  mellijica.  See 
Cera. 

Begoniacese,*  be-go-ne-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  plants,  mostly  herba- 
ceous, found  in  the  tropics,  including 
the  Begonia.  They  are  prized  for  their 
showy  flowers. 

Be-lem'nite.  [Belemmi'tes;  from 
fitXefivov,  a “dart.”]  The  arrow-stone,  or 
fossil  thunder-bolt;  the  petrified  remains 
of  certain  sea-animals  belonging  to  the 
same  class  with  the  Nautilus.  They  are 
slender,  straight,  and  conical  or  sharp  at 
one  end.  Often  found  in  chalk. 

Bel-la«<loii'na,*  [It.  a “handsome 
lady;”  the  juice  being  used  as  a cos- 
metic.] The  Pharinacopoeial  name  (Br. 
Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  At'ropa  belladon*  na. 
It  is  a powerful  narcotic.  When  applied 
to  the  eye,  it  has  the  remarkable  property 
of  greatly  dilating  the  pupil. 

Bel-la-don'nse  Foli-iinv  (“Leaf 
of  Belladonna”),  and  Bellaclon'na*  lia'- 
«lix*  (“  Root  of  Belladonna”).  See  BEL- 
LADONNA. 

Bell-Met'al.  An  alloy  of  copper, 
zinc,  and  tin.  used  for  bells,  mortars,  etc. 

Bellows’-Souml.  See  Bruit  de 
SOfTFFLET. 

Belly.  See  Abdomex,  Alvus,  Venter. 

Bel'o-noid.  [Belonoi'des ; from 
PzXovn,  a “bodkin,”  and  eU o;,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a bodkin.  Applied  to  pro- 
cesses of  bone:  styloid. 

Belvisiaceae,*  bel-vis-e-a'she-e. 
[From  Belvis'ia , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  found 
only  in  Africa.  It  includes  the  Napo- 
leona  imperialis. 

Belvisiese.  See  Belvisiace^e. 

Ben,  Oil  of.  The  expressed  oil  of 
Ben-nut,  or  the  Morynga  pterygo-sperma, 
remarkable  for  not  becoming  rancid  for 
many  years. 

Ben-e-dic'tus.*  [From  benedi'co, 
benedic'  turn,  to  “bless.”]  Literally, 
“blessed.”  A term  prefixed  to  compo- 
sitions and  herbs  on  account  of  their 
supposed  good  qualities:  thus,  antimo- 
nial  wine  was  termed  benedictum  vinum , 
etc. 

Ben'jja-min.  A corruption  of  Ben- 
zoin. See  Benzoinum. 

Ben  jamin  Flow'ers.  Benzoic  acid. 

Benne  Leaves.  See  Sesamum. 

Benzine.  See  Mineral  Turpentine. 

Ben'zo-ate.  [Ben'zoas,  atis .]  A 
combination  of  benzoic  acid  with  a base. 


Ben-zo'ic.  [Benzo'icns.]  Applied 
to  an  acid  obtained  from  gum  benzoin. 

Ben-zo-if'e-ra.*  [From  benzo'inum , 
and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  A name  applied 
to  the  tree  commonly  known  as  the 
Styrax  benzoin. 

Benzoin.  See  Benzoinum. 

Ben  zo-in,  Ben'zo*ine.  [Benzoi'- 
na.]  A compound  obtained  from  oil 
of  bitter  almonds. 

Ben-zo'i-num.^  [Arab.  Benzo'ah .] 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  of  gum  ben- 
zoin ; obtained  from  the  Styrax  benzoin. 
It  is  a stimulant  and  expectorant.  The 
inhalation  of  the  vapor  of  benzoin  has 
been  recommended  in  chronic  laryngitis. 

Berberacese.  See  Berberidace^e. 

Berberidaceav*  ber-ber-e-da'she-e, 
or  Ber-ber-id'e-ae.*  A natural  order 
of  plants,  named  after  the  Herberts  (Bar- 
berry, or  Berberry),  which  is  the  most 
important  genus  it  contains. 

Ber'ber-in.  [Berberi'na.]  An 
alkaline  substance  obtained  from  the 
Berberis  vulgaris. 

Ber  ga-mot.  An  essence  prepared 
from  the  rind  of  the  Citrus  bergamiaf 
otherwise  called  Citrus  mella  rosa . 

Berlin plil  (Ger.),  beRG'mal.  Lite- 
rally, “mountain  meal;”  an  earth,  found 
in  Sweden,  resembling  fine  flour,  and 
celebrated  for  its  nutritious  qualities.  It 
is  found  to  be  composed  entirely  of  the 
shells  of  microscopic  animalcules. 

Beriberi,  ba-re-ba're.  A spasmodic 
rigidity  of  the  lower  limbs,  etc.;  an 
acute  disease  occurring  in  India,  and 
commonly  considered  the  same  as  Bar- 
biers, — but  the  latter  is  a chronic  disease. 
The  word  beriberi  is,  in  all  probability, 
derived  from  the  reduplication  of  the 
Hindoo  word  beri , signifying  irons  or 
fetters  fastened  to  the  legs  of  criminals, 
elephants,  etc.  A person  afflicted  with 
this  disease  is  literally  “fettered.” 

Berlin  Blue.  See  Prussian  Blue. 

Ber'ry.  A pulpy,  indehiscent  peri- 
carp, having  the  seeds  scattered  loosely 
in  the  pulp : as  the  grape,  gooseberry,  etc. 

Berlin  (beR'taN6'),  Spon'gy  Bones 
of.  Two  small,  triangular,  turbinated 
bones,  often  found  beneath  the  small 
opening  of  the  sphenoidal  sinus. 

Ber'yl.  [Gr.  Pfip  iWo;.]  A variety  of 
the  emerald , a mineral  or  gem  usually 
of  a green  color  of  various  shades,  pass- 
ing into  honey-yellow  and  sky-blue. 
When  colored  green  by  oxide  of  chro^ 
mium,  it  forms  the  true  emerald,  and 
when  colorless  and  transparent,  aqua- 
marina. 


79 


BET 


BIF 


Be'tei.  A famous  masticatory  em- 
ployed in  the  East,  consisting  chiefly 
of  the  areca , betel , or  piitang  nut,  the 
produce  of  the  Areca  Catechu,  or  Catechu 
Palm.  A portion  of  the  nut  is  rolled  up 
with  a little  lime  in  the  leaf  of  the  Piper 
betel,  and  the  whole  chewed. 

Betulacese,*  bet-u-la'she-e,  Bet-u- 
lim'e-se.*  [From  bet'ula,  a ^birch- 
tree.”]  A natural  order  of  trees,  consist- 
ing of  the  various  kinds  of  Birch  and 
Alder.  These  trees  formed  part  of  the 
Jussieuan  order  Amentacese. 

Bctulaceous,  bet-u-la'shus,  or 
Bet-ti-lini'e-ous.  [Betula'cetis,  Bet- 
ulin'cus;  from  bet'ula,  the  “birch- 
tree.”]  Having  an  arrangement  as  in 
the  Betula.  See  Betulace,®. 

Be-zo'ar,  or  Be-zo'ard.  [Pers.  Pa- 
zahar ; from  pa,  “against,”  and  zahar, 
a “poison.”]  A calculous  concretion 
sometimes  found  in  the  stomach,  in- 
testines, and  bladder  of  certain  land- 
animals,  such  as  the  ox,  horse,  deer. 
These  concretions  were  formerly  con- 
sidered to  possess  wonderful  medicinal 
virtues,  and  to  be  completely  efficacious 
not  only  against  poisons,  but  also  against 
pestilential  and  other  diseases. 

Bez'o-ar'dics.  A class  of  medicines 
supposed  to  possess  virtues  similar  to 
those  of  the  bezoar. 

Bhang1,  b’hang,  or  hang.  The  Can '- 
nab  is  In'dica,  or  Indian  Hemp.  A plant 
common  in  India,  containing  powerful 
narcotic  properties.  It  is  used  in  various 
forms  by  the  people  of  India  for  the 
purpose  of  intoxication.  The  tops  and 
tender  parts  of  the  plant,  when  dried, 
constitute  the  hashish  (h^-sheesh')  of  the 
Arabs.  See  Cannabis  Indica. 

Bi-.  [From  bis,  “twice.”]  A prefix 
in  certain  compound  names,  signifying 
two.  or  twice ; as  biceps,  “two-headed.” 

Bib.  = Bibe*  “Drink”  (imperative 
mood  of  the  verb  hibo). 

Bi-ba'sic.  [Bibas'icus;  from  bi-, 
“two,”  and  ba'sis,  a “base.”]  Having  two 
bases,  as  the  tartrate  of  potash  and  soda. 

Bib-i- to ' rl-us.*  [From  bi'bo,  bib'i- 
tum,  to  “drink.”]  A former  name  of 
the  rectus  intermits  oculi,  from  its  drawing 
the  eye  inwards  towards  the  nose,  and 
thus  directing  it  into  the  cup  in  drinking. 

Bib'u-lous.  [Bib'ulus;  from  bi'bo, 
to  “drink.”]  Attracting  moisture;  ab- 
sorbing. 

Bi-cap'su-lar.  [Bicapsula'ris ; 

from  bi-,  “two,”  and  cap'sula,  a “cap- 
sule.”] Having  two  capsules. 

Bi-car' bo-Biatc.  [Bicarbo'nas, 

80 


a 'tis  ; from  bi-,  “two,”  and  carbo'nas,  a 
“carbonate.”]  Two  equivalents  of  car- 
bonic acid  combined  with  one  of  base. 

Bi-cau'dal.  [Bicauda'lis;  from 
bi-,  “two,”  and  can' da,  a “tail.”]  Hav- 
ing two  tails.  Applied  to  a muscle. 

Bi-^e-pha'Ii-iiin.*  [From  bis, 
“twice”  or  “twofold,”  and  kz^oXti,  the 
“head.”]  A large  sarcoma  on  the  head, 
as  if  another  were  grown  upon  it. 

Bi-^epli'a-lons.  [Biceph'alas; 
from  the  same.]  Having  two  heads. 

Bi'ceps,*  gen.  Bi-cip  i-tls.  [From 
bi-,  “two,”  and  ca'put,  the  “head.”] 
Having  two  heads.  Applied  to  a muscle 
of  the  arm,  and  to  one  of  the  thigh. 

Bichat  (b£'sh&'),  Ca-nal'  of.  A 
small  round  hole  above  the  pineal  gland, 
opening  into  the  third  ventricle  of  ihe 
brain  : called  also  the  arachnoid  canal. 

Bi-chlo'ride  of  Mer  cu-ry.  Cor- 
rosive sublimate. 

Bl-cipi-tal.  [Bicipita'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  biceps  muscle. 

BI«  con 'jn-gate.  [Biconjng'a'ttis  ; 
from  bi-,  “two,”  and  con'jmjo,  to  “yoke 
together.”]  In  pairs. 

Bi-cor'nous.  [Bicor'nis;  from  bi-, 
“two,”and  cor'nu, a“horn.”]  Two-horned. 

Bl-cus'pid,  or  Bi-cws'pi-date.  [Bi- 
cns'pis,  Bieiispida'tus:  from  hi-, 
“two,”  and  ms' pis,  the  “point  of  a 
spear.”]  Having  two  points.  See  Tooth. 

Bi-den'tal.  [Bi  dens,  en'/i«,  Bi- 
denta'lis;  from  bi-,  “two,”  and  dens,  a 
“tooth.”]  Having  two  teeth. 

Bl-den'tate.  [Bidenta'tus ; from 
the  same.]  Having  two  teeth. 

Bi-dig'I-tate.  [Bidigita'tns : from 
bi-,  “two,”  and  diy'itus,  a “finger.”] 
Having  two  fingers. 

Bl-dig-i'ti-Piii-na'tus.*  [From  the 
same,  and  pinna' tus,  “pinnate.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a pinnate  leaf  with  two  leaflets 
at  the  end  of  the  common  petiole. 

Bi-cn'ni-al.  [Bien'nis;  from  bi- 
en’ nium  (bi-,u  two,”  and  an'nvs.n,  “ year”), 
the  “space  of  two  years.”]  Of  two 
years’  duration. 

Bl-fla'rl-ons.  [Bifa'rius;  from  bi-, 
“two,”  and  fa'ri,  to  “speak.”]  Having  a 
double  meaning;  pointing  two  ways. 

Bifer-ous.  [Bi'fer,  Biferus;  from 

bi-  for  bis,  “twice,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing  twice  in  the  year. 

Bi'fid.  [Bifidns;  from  hi-,  “two,” 
and  Jin' do,  to  “cleave.”]  Divided  into 
two : cleft. 

Bi-flo'rous,  or  Bn-flo'rate.  [Bi- 
flo'rus;  from  bi-,  “two,”  and  flos,  a 
“flower.”]  Having  two  flowers. 


BIF 


BIN" 


Bl-fo'rate,  or  Bi-fo'rous.  [Bifo- 
ratus,  Bii’  orus;  from  bi-,u  two,”  and 
/o' res,  a “door.”]  Having  two  entries 
or  apertures. 

Bi-fur'cate.  [Bifurca'tus;  from&r-, 
“two,”  and  fur'ca,  a “fork.”]  Divided 
into  two,  like  a fork. 

Bl-fiir-ca/tion.  [Bifwrca'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  A dividing  into  two, 
as  a fork  into  its  prongs. 

Bl-gas'ter.*  [From  hi-,  “two,”  and 
yaTrrip,  the  “belly.”]  The  same  as  Bi- 
venter. 

[Big-emiua'tus; 

from  bi-,  and  gem' ini,  “ twins.”J  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  leaves  having  two 
seeondary  petioles,  each  of  which  has  a 
pair  of  leaflets. 

Bignoniaceae,*  big-no-ne-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  plants,  including  the 
Bigno'nia  (trumpet-flower)  and  Catalpa. 
Many  of  them  are  trees  or  twining 
plants  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of 
their  flowers. 

Big’iioniaceous,  big-no-ne-a'shus. 
[Big’iionia'ceus;  from  Bigno'nia,  the 
“trumpet-flower.”]  Having  an  arrange- 
ment as  in  the  Bignonia.  Bee  Bigno- 

NIACEyE. 

Bisfiioniae,*  big-no'ne-e,  the  plural 
of  Bigno'nia,  forming  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
BlGNONTACE/E. 

Bl-lio'rl-us.*  [From  hi-,  “two,”  and 
ho' ra,  an  “ hour.”]  Enduring  two  hours. 

Bi'ju-gate.  [Bijnga'tus,  or  Bij'u- 
gns;  from  hi-,  “two,”  and  ju'guni,  a 
“yoke.”]  Double-yoked;  in  two  pairs. 

Bl'labe.  [Bila'bium?  probably  from 
bis,  “twice,”  or  “two,”  and  la'bium,  a 
“lip.”]  An  instrument  for  extracting 
foreign  bodies  of  sufficiently  moderate 
size  from  the  bladder  through  the  ure- 
thra. 

Bl-la'bi-ate.  [Bilabia' tux?  fromfci-, 
and  la'bium,  a “lip.”]  Havin  ' two  lips. 

Bi-Ia-cini-ate.  [Bilacinia'tus ; 

from  bi-,  and  lacinia'tus,  “fringed.”] 
Double-fringed. 

Bi-lam'el-late.  [Bilamella'tns; 

from  bi-,  and  lamella' tus,  “having  little 
plates.”]  Having  two  layers  of  little 
plates. 

Bl-Iat'er-al.  [Bilatera'lis ; from 
bi-,  and  la'era'lis,  “pertaining  to  the 
side.”]  Applied  to  leaves  proceeding 
from  different  points  as  well  as  different 
sides,  and  so  somewhat  distinct  from 
opposite. 

Bile.  [Bi'lis,  or  Fel ; Gr.  *0X17 ; Fr. 
Bile,  b61,  and  Fiel,  fe-el'.]  The  gall,  or 
8 


peculiar  secretion  of  the  liver.  It  is  » 
viscid  fluid,  of  a greenish-yellow  color; 
and  exceedingly  bitter,  whence  the  pro- 
verb “bitter  as  gall.”  The  bile  or 
gall  of  the  ox  ( bi'lis  bovi'na)  has  often 
been  used  medicinally  as  a tonic  and 
anthelmintic,  and  as  a laxative  in  cases 
of  deficient  biliary  secretion.  It  has  also 
been  supposed  to  possess  great  healing 
virtues  when  applied  externally  to  bruises 
and  other  sores. 

Bil'ia-ry.  [Bilia'ris.]  Belonging 
to  the  bile. 

Bi'lin,  or  Bi'linc.  [Bili'na;  from 
bi'lis.]  • A gummy,  pale-yellow  mass, 
considered  to  be  the  principal  constitu- 
ent of  the  bile. 

Bilious,  bil'y Hs.  [Bilao'sus;  from 
bi'lis.]  Having  much  bile,  full  of  bile, 
or  relating  to  the  bile. 

Bil-i-plic'in.  [Biliphsci'na;  from 
bi'lis,  and  <bai6g,  “of  a brown  color.”] 
The  most  important  coloring  matter  of 
the  bile. 

Bilis.  See  Bile. 

Balis  Atra.  See  Melancholia. 

Bi'lis  Bo-vi'na.*  The  Latin  term 
for  ox's  gall.  See  Bilis. 

Bil-i-vcr'din.  [Bilivcrdi'na;  Fr. 
Bile,  and  vert,  “green-color.”]  A green 
substance  obtained  from  the  yellowish 
coloring  matter  of  bile. 

Bl-lo'bate.  [From  hi-,  “two,”  and 
\0j6g,  a “lobe.”]  Having  two  lobes. 

BI-loc'11-lar.  [Bilocula'ris ; from 
bi-,  “two,”  and  loc'ulus,  a “little  cell.”] 
Having  two  cells. 

Bim'a-nous.  [Bi  maims;  from 
bi-,  “two,”  and  ma'nus,  a “hand,”] 
Having  two  hands.  Applied  in  the  \ .u- 
ral  neuter  to  an  order  of  Mammalia,  of 
which  man  constitutes  the  only  genus. 

Bi-mes'tris.*  [From  bi-,  “two,” 
and  men' sis,  a “month.”]  Of  two 
months:  two  months  old. 

Biu-.  The  same  as  Bi-,  the  n being 
added  for  the  sake  of  euphony  before  a 
vowel : as,  biaoxalate,  etc. 

Bi'ma-ry.  [Bina'rius;  from  bi'nus, 
“by  couples.”]  Consisting  of  two,  as 
two  elements,  two  measures,  etc. 

Bl'mate.  [Bina'tus;  from  hi-,  “two,” 
and  na'tus,  “born,”  “produced.”]  Grow- 
ing in  pairs  or  couples. 

Bl-ner'vate,  Bi-ner'vi-ous.  [Bi- 
ner'vatus,  Biner'vius;  from  bi-,  and 
nerva'tus , “nerved.”]  Having  two  nerves. 

Ba-uoc'u-lar.  [Binocula'ris ; from 
bin-,  “two,”  and  oc'ulus,  the  “eye.”] 
Having  the  use  of  both  eyes. 

BI-iioe'u-lus.*  [From  bin-,  and  oc'” 
81 


BIN 


BIT 


ulus,  the  "eye.”]  Applied  in  Surgery 
to  a bandage  for  maintaining  dressings 
on  both  eyes.  Also  the  name  of  an  ani- 
mal resembling  the  king-crab. 

Ri-nox'a-late.  [Binox'alas,  a 'its  ; 
from  bin-,  " two/’  or  " twice,”  and  ox' alas, 
an  " oxalate.”]  A combination  of  an  ex- 
cess of  oxalic  acid  with  a base. 

Ba-o-dyn-am'ics.  [Biodymam'ica; 
from  (Bog,  “life,”  and  Svvayig,  “ power.”] 
The  doctrine  or  science  of  the  vital 
forces. 

Bl-ol'o-gy.  [Bik»3®'gia ; from  fiiog, 
"life,”  and  A oyog,  a "discourse.”]  The 
doctrine  or  science  of  life. 

Bi-ol'y-sis.*  [From  (Bog,  " life,”  and 
\vcj,  to  " dissolve,”  to  "destroy.”]  The 
destruction  of  life. 

Bi-o-lyt'ic.  [Biolyt'icus?  from  the 
same.]  Destroying  or  impairing  life. 
Applied  to  agents  of  a deleterious 
quality,  as  the  more  powerful  acids, 
narcotics,  etc. 

Bi-o-anag,-ne-tis'mus.*  [From  /3iog, 
"life,”  and  magnetis' mux,  "magnetism.”] 
Another  name  for  animal  magnetism. 

Bi-par'tite.  [Biparti'tus ; from 
hi-,  "two,”  and  par'tio,  to  "divide.”] 
Divided  deeply  into  two. 

BI-pel'tate.  [Bipel'tatus;  from 
hi -,  "two,”  and  pel'ta,  a "target”  or 
"buckler.”]  Having  two  shields.  Ap- 
plied to  a family  of  the  Crusta'cea  Sto- 
map'  oda. 

Bi'pes,*  gen.  Bip'ed-is.  [From  hi-, 
"two,”  and^res,  a "foot.”]  Having  two 
feet:  bi'ped. 

Bi-pin  'mate.  [Bipinna'tus ; from 
hi-,  "two,”  and  pin'na , a "leaflet.”] 
Having  double  leaflets. 

Bi-pin-nat'i-fid.  [Bipinnatif- 

idus;  from  bi-,  "two,”  and  pinnatif'i- 
dus.\  Doubly  pinnatifid. 

Bird'lime.  [Vis'cus.]  A glutinous 
substance  prepared  from  the  bark  of  the 
holly.  It  contains  resin,  which  has  been 
called  viscina. 

Bi-ros'trate.  [ Biros  tra'tus,  Bi- 
ros'tris;  from  hi-,  and  ros'trum,  a 
" beak.”]  Having  two  beaks. 

Bi-sex'u-al.  [Bisex  ua'lis;  from 

bi-,  and  sexua'lis.]  Of  both  sexes. 

Bis.  ind.  = Bis  in  di'es.%  "Twice 
daily.” 

Bis'inuth.  [Bismu'tlium.  Ger. 
Bis'mut.]  A yellowish-white  metal,  found 
generally  native  or  in  the  metallic  state. 

Bis-mu'tlii  Subni'tras.  See  next 
article. 

Bis-inu'tlftum  Al  bum/  The  Phar- 
nacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  of  the  tris- 
82 


nitrate  of  bismuth : flake-white,  or  pearl- 
white,  sometimes  called  the  subnitrate 
of  bismuth  ( Bismuth i subnitras). 

Bis-torta,*  or  Bistort.  [From  bis, 
"twice,”  and  tor'queo,  to  "twist:”  so 
named  from  the  form  of  the  root.]  See 
next  article. 

Bis-tor'tse  Ra'dix.*  The  root  of 

the  Polygonum  bistorta,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snake-Weed. 

Bistoury,  bis'tur-e.  [Fr.  Bistouri ; 
from  Pistori,  a town  where  it  was  manu- 
factured.] A small  knife,  or  scalpel,  for 
surgical  purposes.  There  are  the  straight, 
the  curved , and  the  probe-pointed,  which 
is  also  curved. 

Bis'tre.  A brown  color,  made  of 
wood-soot  boiled  and  evaporated.  Beech- 
soot  is  said  to  make  the  best. 

Bi-sul'pliate.  [Bisul'phas,  a 'tis; 
from  hi-,  "two,”  and  sul'phas.]  A com- 
bination of  two  equivalents  of  sulphuric 
acid  with  one  of  the  base. 

Bi-sul'plilte.  [Bisul'phis,  i 'tis; 
from  bi-,  "two,”  and  sul'phis.]  A com- 
bination of  two  equivalents  of  sulphur- 
ous acid  with  one  of  the  base. 

Bi-tar'trate.  [Bitar  tras,  a 'tis; 
from  bi-,  and  tar'tras.]  A supersalt  with 
twice  as  much  tartaric  acid  as  the  corre- 
sponding neutral  salt. 

Bi-ter'nate.  [Biterna'tus ; from 
bis,  "twice,”  and  terna'tns .]  Twice  ter- 
nate,  or  doubly  threefold. 

Bit'ter  Almonds,  Wafer  of,  or 
Bit' ter  Alm  ond  W'at'er.  [A 'qua 
Amyg/dalse  Ama'rse,  or  A 'qua 
Amygdala'rum  Ama'rum.]  In  this 
preparation  there  are  sixteen  minims  of 
the  oil  of  bitter  almonds  to  two  pints  of 
water,  or  half  a minim  to  a fluidounce. 
It  is  employed  as  a vehicle  for  other 
medicines  in  nervous  coughs  and  spas- 
modic affections. 

Bit'ter  Ap'ple,  Bit'ter  €11 'cum- 
ber, Bit'ter  Gourd.  The  plant  and 

fruit  of  Cue  urn  is  colocynthis. 

Bit'ter  Brin'ci-ple.  A peculiar 
principle,  on  the  presence  of  which  the 
bitter  qualify  of  certain  vegetables  de- 
pends; as  in  the  wood  of  quassia,  gen- 
tian root,  the  hop,  etc. 

Bit'ter-Sweet.  The  Solanum  Dul- 
camara. which  see. 

Bit'ter-ing*.  Corruptly  called  Bit- 
tern. A preparation  for  adulterating 
beer,  composed  of  Coeculus  Indicus,  liq- 
uorice, tobacco,  quassia,  and  sulphate  of 
iron  or  copperas.  A similar  preparation 
is  sold  under  the  name  of  "bitter  frails.” 

Bit'tern.  The  water  remaining  after 


BIT 


BLA 


the  crystallization  of  common  salt  from 
sea-water  or  salt  springs. 

Bitters.  [Ama'ra.]  A term  ap- 
plied to  several  medicinal  substances, 
expressing  their  quality  as  particularly 
perceptible  to  the  taste,  and  which  are 
further  distinguished  into  aromatic,  pure, 
and  styptic  bitters. 

Bidu'men,  Tthinis*  [As  if pittu’men  ; 
from  irtrra,  “pitch.”]  A name  for  cer- 
tain inflammable  mineral  substances,  of 
different  consistencies  ranging  from  fluid 
to  solid. 

Bitu'men  Bar-ba-den'se.*  The 

Pet  role  a n of  the  Pharmacopoeias  (Lond. 
ami  Ed.),  or  “Barbadoes  Tar  ” 

Bi-tu'min-i-za'tion.  [Bitumini- 

za'tio,  o'uts.]  The  transformation  of 
organic  matter  into  bitumen,  as  wood 
into  coal,  and  the  remains  of  vegetable 
substances  into  peat. 

Bi-iu'miii-ous.  [Bitusnino'sus; 

from  bitu'men.]  Of  the  nature  of  bitu- 
men. 

Bi  valve.  [Bival'vis;  from  bi~,  and 
val'ca , a “valve.”]  Having  two  valves. 

Bi-ven'ter.*  [From  bi-,  and  ven'ter , 
the  “belly.”]  Double-belly.  A faulty 
term  used  for  Dijaitricus ; also  called 
Bi; fas  ter. 

Bixaceae,*  bix-a'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  tropical  trees  and  shrubs,  in- 
cluding the  Bixa,  which  produces  arnotto 
or  annotto , used  to  color  cheese. 

Black  Death.  [Lat.  Mors  Bii'gra, 
or  Pes'tis  Xi'gra;  Fr.  Peste  Noir,  pest 
nw&R.]  The  name  given  in  Germany 
and  the  North  of  Europe  to  an  Oriental 
plague  which  occurred  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  characterized  by  inflammatory 
boils  and  black  spots  on  the  skin,  indi- 
cating putrid  decomposition.  In  Italy 
it  was  called  la  mortalega  grande,  “the 
great  mortality.”  In  many  of  its  cha- 
racters this  pestilence  resembled  the 
present  bubo  plague,  complicated  with 
pneumonia  and  hemorrhages. 

Black  Draught.  A popular  purga- 
tive. consisting  of  the  infusion  of  senna 
with  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

Black  Drop.  [Gut'tse  Xi'grse. 
Literally,  “black  drops.”]  A solution 
of  opium  in  verjuice,  corresponding 
nearly  in  its  medicinal  properties  to  the 
Acetum  Opii  of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia. 
One  drop  of  this  solution  is  equal  to 
about  three  of  laudanum.  It  is  less  apt 
to  disturb  or  excite  the  nervous  system 
than  the  latter  preparation.  See  U.  S. 
Pharmacopoeia,  page  67. 

Black  Flux.  A mixture  of  charcoal 


and  carbonate  of  potash,  obtained  by 
deflagrating  tartar  with  half  its  weight 
of  nitre. 

Black  Lead.  See  Plumbago. 

Black  Vom'it.  [Vom'itusNi'ger.] 

The  throwing  up,  in  certain  fevers,  of  a 
dark-colored  fluid  resembling  coffee- 
grounds.  This  fluid  consists  chiefly  of 
blood  changed  by  the  morbid  secretions 
of  the  stomach.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
fatal  symptoms  attending  yellow  fever, 
which  in  Spanish  is  often  called  simply 
El  vom'ito  (“the  vomit”),  or  El  vom'ito 
ne'gro  (“the  black  vomit”). 

Black  Wash.  [Uo'tio  Nl'g-ra,  or 
Uo'tio  Hydrar'g-yri  Xi'gra.]  A lo- 
tion made  with  calomel  in  lime-water, 
much  used  for  syphilitic  sores. 

Bladder.  [Vesi'ca.]  Generally, 
the  receptacle  of  the  urine  in  man  and 
other  animals.  Applied  in  Botany  and 
Natural  History  to  various  objects  and 
productions  of  similar  appearance,  as 
those  of  sea -wrack,  the  air-bag  of 
fishes,  etc. 

Blad'der-Fu'cus,Blad'der-AVrack. 

The  Fucu8  vesiculosus. 

Blad  der,  Gall.  Seo  Gall-Bladder. 

Bladder,  Urinary.  See  Urinary 
Bladder. 

Bladdery  Fever.  [Fe'bris  Bul- 
lo'sa.]  See  Pemphigus. 

Blses'i-tas,  a 'tis*  [From  (3\aio6<;, 
“one  who  has  crooked  legs,*”  also  “one 
who  stammers.”]  The  defect  of  speech 
termed  stuttering  or  stammering.  Some 
writers  understand  by  it  the  substitution 
of  soft  consonants  for  hard, — as  d for  t , 
b for  p,  etc.  See  Psellismus. 

Blain.  A pustule,  blotch,  or  sore. 
See  Chilblain. 

Blanc  de  Troyes,  bloN«  deh  trw&. 
Spanish  White,  prepared  chalk,  or  the 
Cre'ta  prsepara'ta  of  the  Pharmacopoeias, 

Blas-te'ma,  a tis*  [From  (IXcurrdm >. 
to  “ germinate.”]  A term  applied  to  the 
rudimental  mass  of  an  organ  in  the  pro- 
cess of  formation. 

Blas'to-derm.  [Blastoder'ma, 

a tis  ; from  (iXavravcd,  to  “germinate,” 
and  Sspfta,  the  “skin.”]  A minute,  thin 
membrane  on  that  surface  of  the  yelk 
which,  whatever  be  the  position  of  the 
egg,  is,  by  a peculiar  arrangement,  always 
uppermost;  the  germinal  membrane,  or 
Cicatricula. 

Blas-to-der'mic.  [Bllastoder'- 
micus.]  Belonging  to  the  blastoderm. 

Blastoder  mic  Ves'I-cle.  [Vesic - 
ula  Blastoder'mica.]  A distinct  en- 
velope immediately  surrounding  the 
83 


BLA 


BLE 


yelk,  and  covered  by  the  vitelline  mem- 
brane ; afterwards  called  the  umbilical 
vesicle. 

Blas-to-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  pXaarog, 
a “sprout,”  and  yeveoig,  “generation.”] 
The  multiplication  of  plants  by  means 
of  buds. 

Bleach.  [From  the  German  blei'chen, 
to  “whiten.”]  To  whiten  by  the  re- 
moval of,  or  by  changing  the  nature  of, 
the  coloring  matter  in  any  substance. 
See  next  article. 

Bleach'ing.  [Bealba'tio ; from  de, 
intensive,  and  al’bus,  “white.”]  The 
chemical  process  of  whitening  linen  or 
woollen  stuffs.  Linen  is  usually  bleached 
by  means  of  chlorine  or  a solution  of 
chloride  of  lime.  Woollen  stuffs  are 
bleached  by  exposure  to  the  vapor  of 
sulphurous  acid. 

Bleach'ing  Pow'der.  Chloride  of 
lime,  formerly  called  oxy muriate  of  lime; 
prepared  by  exposing  hydrate  of  lime 
gradually  to  chlorine  gas. 

Bleach'ing  Liq'uid.  [Fr.  Eau  de 
Javelle,  o deh  zh&'vell'.]  This  is  the 
preceding  compound  obtained  in  solution 
by  transmitting  a stream  of  chlorine  gas 
through  hydrate  of  lime  suspended  in 
water. 

Blear'-Eye.  A chronic  catarrhal  in- 
flammation of  the  eyelids. 

Bleb.  See  Bulla. 

Bleeding.  See  Blood-Letting, 
Haemorrhage. 

Blende,  blend.  [Perhaps  from  the 
Saxon  bleu' dan,  to  “mix  together.”] 
The  native  sulphuret  of  zinc  in  black 
crystals,  and  called  by  miners  blackjack . 
The  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  other 
ores,  as  manganese  blende , etc. 

Blen'nad-e-ni'tis,  Id  is.*  [From 
PXewa,  “ mucus,”  and  adeni’  tisS\  Inflam- 
mation of  mucous  glands. 

Bleniie-lyt'ri-a.*  [From  PXerva , 

“ mucus,”  and  eXvrpoi/,  a “ sheath.”]  Same 
as  Leucorrhcea. 

Blennen-te'ri-a.*  [From  QXewa, 

“mucus,”  and  eerepov,  an  “intestine.”] 
Mucous  flow  from  the  intestines. 

BlenHo-gen'ic.  [Blennogen'i- 
cus;  from  /3X swa,  “mucus,”  and  ycvvano , 
to  “generate.”]  Generating  mucus; 
muciparous. 

Blen-nog'e-nus.**  The  same  as 

Blennogenic,  which  see. 

Bleiino-me-tri'tis,  Id  is.*  [From 
“mucus,”' and  metri'tis.]  Mucous 
flow  accompanying  Metritis. 

BleBinopli-tliAl'ini-a.*  [From 

QXerva , “mucus,”  and  ophthaV miaS\  Zn- 
84 


flammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  eye. 

Blen-aior-rha'gi-a.*  [From  /3Xevva, 
“mucus,”  and  pnyvvpu,  to  “break”  or 
“burst.”]  Literally,  a “bursting  forlh 
of  mucus  :”  hence,  an  excessive  discharge 
of  mucus,  or  muco-purulent  matter, 
more  especially  from  the  genital  organs. 

Blennorrhrea,* blen-no-re'a.  [From 
(iXhva,  “mucus,”  and  pew,  to  “flow.”]  A 
flowing,  or  excessive  secretion,  from  mu- 
cous glands  in  any  situation;  sometimes 
applied  to  the  increased  secretion  in  the 
urethra  and  vagina  of  an  infectious 
purulent  or  muco-purulent  discharge, 
and  called  Gonorrhoea.  See  Baptor- 

RH(EA. 

Blennorrhoe'aCliron'i-ca.*  Gleet; 
also  named  Catarrhus  vrethralis. 

Bleimorrlioe'a  Sim'plex.*  In- 
creased secretion  of  mucus  from  the 
urethra. 

Blen-ny'men,  en is*  [From  /3\ kwa, 
“mucus,”  and  vpnv,  a “membrane.”]  A 
mucous  membrane. 

Bleii-iiy'me-ni'tis,  i dis*  [From 
fiXevea,  “mucus.”]  Inflammation  of  a 
mucous  membrane. 

Bleph'ar-ade-ni'tis,  i dis*  [From 
/3\e(ptipos,  the  “ eyelid,”  and  d&nv,  a 
“gland.”]  Inflammation  of  the  Meibo- 
mian glands. 

Blephar-i'tis,  i dis*  [From  fiXepa- 
pov,  the  “eyelid.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
eyelids. 

Blephar-on'cus.*  [From  .GXecpapov, 
the  “eyelid,”  and  oynog,  a “tumor.”]  A 
tumor  on  the  eyelid. 

Blepbar-opb-thal'mi-a.*  [F  rom 

PXUapov,  the  “eyelid,”  and  dpOaXpia,  “in- 
flammation of  the  eve.”]  Inflammation 
of  the  eye  and  eyelids  coexisting. 

Bleph'ar-opli-t fiia!' mic.  [Bleph'- 

arophtbal'micus.]  Belonging  to 
Blepharophthalmia. 

Bleph  ar-o-plas'tic.  [Blepharo- 

plas'ticus.]  Belonging  to  blepharo- 
plasty. 

Bleph  'ar-o-plas-ly.  [Blepliaro- 

plas'tia;  from  (IXepapov,  the  “eyelid,” 
and  nXiiaow,  to  “form.”]  An  operation 
for  repairing  any  lesion  of  the  eyelids, 
by  taking  a flap  from  the  sound  parts 
contiguous. 

Blepliar-o-ple'gi-a.*  [From  fiXipa- 
po  > , the  “eyelid,”  and  nXriyfi,  a “stroke.”] 
The  falling  down  of  the  upper  eyelid 
from  paralysis. 

Bleph'a-rop-to'sis.*  [From  GXbpc- 
pov,  the  “eyelid,”  and  nrwatg,  a “falling.’  ] 
The  same  as  Blepharoplegia. 


BLE 


BOD 


Blessed.  See  Benedictus. 

Blight,  blit.  The  popular  name  of  a 
slight  palsy,  caused  by  sudden  cold  or 
damp.  “Blight  in  the  eye”  is  another 
term  for  catarrhal  ophthalmia. 

Blindness,  Bay.  See  Nyctalopia. 

Blindness,  Xight;  Blindness, 
Nocturnal.  See  Hemeralopia. 

Blis  ter.  [Lat.  Vesic'ula;  Fr.  Vessie , 
ves's6'.]  A collection  of  serous  fluid 
beneath  the  cuticle.  In  common  lan- 
guage, the  plaster  itself  [Lat.  Vesica- 
to'rium;  Fr.  Vesicatoire , v&'s^'k&'tw&R'J 
which  produces  the  blister.  See  Bulla. 

Blister-Bee' tie,  Blister-Fly.  See 
Cantiiaris. 

Blis'tered.  See  Bullatits. 

Blis'ters,  Fly'ing.  [Fr.  Vesicatoires 
volants , v&'z&'kd'tw&R'  vo'16nq'.]  A mode 
of  treatment  employed  by  the  conti- 
nental practitioners  for  the  purpose  of 
insuring  a more  diffusive  counter-irrita- 
tion. According  to  this  plan,  the  blister 
remains  only  till  it  produces  a rubefa- 
cient effect;  a second  blister  is  then  ap- 
plied to  some  other  part,  and  so  on  in 
succession. 

Blood.  [Lat.  San'g’uis,  ini*  ; Gr.  am<i  • 
Fr.  Sang,  son°.]  The  red  fluid  which 
circulates  through  the  cavities  of  the 
heart,  the  arteries  and  veins.  Every 
organ  of  the  body,  and  every  tissue,  is 
nourished  by  the  blood,  which  is  also 
the  source  of  every  secretion.  It  is  red 
and  usually  warm  in  vertebrated  ani- 
mals, but  cold  and  white  for  the  most 
part  in  the  Tnoertebrata. 

Blood  contains  albumen  in  three  states 
of  modification  : — viz.,  albumen  prop- 
erly so  called,  fibrin,  and  red  particles. 
On  coagulation  it  separates  into — 

Se'rum.*  A yellowish  liquid,  contain- 
ing albumen  and  various  saline  matters 
suspended  in  water  ; and 

Crassamen'tum,* called  also  Cru'or.* 
A red  solid,  consisting  of  fibrin  and  red 
particles. 

Blood' -Let- tins’.  [Mis'sio  San'- 
guinis,  or  Detrac'tio  San  guinis.] 

A term  embracing  every  artificial  dis- 
charge of  blood  for  the  cure  or  preven- 
tion of  disease.  It  is  general,  as  in  vene- 
section and  arteriotomy,  or  topical,  as 
in  the  application  of  leeches,  cupping- 
glasses.  or  by  scarification. 

Blood'-Shot.  A distension  or  preter- 
natural fulness  of  the  blood-vessels  of 
the  eye,  from  inflammation  or  other 
cause.  See  Hyperemia. 

Blood'stone.  [Haemati'tes.]  A 
species  of  chalcedony  supposed  to  be 
8* 


useful  in  stopping  a bleeding  from  tho 
nose. 

Blood-Stroke.  See  Coup  de  Sang* 

Bloody  Flux.  See  Dysentery 

Blossom.  See  Corolla. 

Klow'-Pipe.  A simple,  tapering, 
tube-like  instrument  of  silver  or  brass, 
used  for  the  purpose  of  inflation:  also 
for  directing  a stream  of  air  into  the 
flame  of  a lamp,  which  thus  assumes  a 
conical  form,  at  the  point  of  which  the 
heat  is  equal  to  that  of  a powerful  fur- 
nace. 

The  oxy-hydrogen  blow-pipe  is  an  ap- 
paratus for  producing  intense  heat,  by 
supplying  a stream  of  hydrogen  with 
pure  oxygen,  so  that  the  two  gases  issue 
together  in  the  form  of  a jet  from  the 
nozzle  of  the  blow-pipe.  The  heat  pro- 
duced by  this  apparatus  (which  is  also 
called  the  compound  blow-pipe)  is  so  in- 
tense as  to  quickly  fuse  substances  com- 
pletely infusible  by  any  other  means 
except  a powerful  galvanic  battery  or  a 
very  large  burning  lens. 

Blue  Black.  Another  name  for 
ivory-black,  or  the  ebttr  ustum;  from  its 
bluish  hue. 

Blue  Disease.  [Mor  bus  Cseru'- 
leus.]  See  Cyanosis. 

Blue  John.  A name  given  by  miners 
to  fluor  spar;  also  called  Derbyshire 
spar. 

Blue  Mass.  [Mas'sa  de  llydrar'- 
gyro.]  A substance  formed  by  rub- 
bing metallic  mercury  with  conserve 
of  roses  until  all  the  globules  disappear. 
Of  this  mass  blue  pills  are  made.  This 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  mildest  prepa- 
rations of  mercury.  See  Pilule  I1y- 

DRARGYRI. 

Blue  Oint'inent.  The  Unguentum 
hydrargyri . 

Blue  Pills.  The  Pilulse  hydrargyri . 
See  Blue  Mass. 

Blue  Pot.  Another  term  for  a black- 
lead  crucible,  made  of  a mixture  of 
coarse  plumbago  and  clay. 

Blue,  Prussian.  See  Prussian 
Blue. 

Blue  Stone,  Blue  Vit'ri-ol.  [Cae- 
ru'leus  Ea'pis.]  The  sulphate  of  cop- 
per ( Sulphas  cupri). 

Blunt  Hook.  [Embry ul'eus.]  An 

instrument  used  in  Obstetrical  Surgery. 

B.  M.  — BaVneum  mari'se.%  A “ water- 
bath.” 

Boat '-Shaped.  See  Navicular  and 
Scaphoid. 

Bod'y.  [Lat.  Cor'pus,  Cor'poris; 

Gr.  ou^a;  Fr.  Corps,  koR.]  Any  mass 
85 


BOG 


BOR 


or  portion  of  matter.  In  a more  re- 
stricted sense,  the  material  part  of  man 
or  of  any  animal,  considered  separately 
from  the  soul  or  life.  The  term  is 
I'ften  employed  synonymously  with 
“trunk.” 

Bog- Bean'.  The  common  name  for 
Menya  n ' thes  trifol i a ' ta. 

Bo-hea'.  The  The' a ni'gra,  or  black 
tea. 

Bo'iiun  XT 'pas.  A bitter  gum-resin 
which  exudes  from  incisions  in  the  bark 
of  a large  tree,  in  Java  and  the  neigh- 
boring islands,  called  Antiar , or  Antikar, 
by  the  Japanese;  the  Antiar  is  toxicaria , 
or  Lpo  toxicaria , of  botanists.  It  is  a 
deadly  poison. 

Boil.  See  Furunculus. 

Boil  ing*  Point  of  Wa'ter,  near  the 
level  of  the  sea,  is  212°  of  Fahrenheit; 
in  vacuo , 67° ; under  sufficient  pressure, 
water  may  be  raised  almost  to  a red 
heat.  According  to  the  Centigrade  ther- 
mometer, the  boiling  point  is  100°;  ac- 
cording to  Reaumur's,  80°. 

Bois,  bwi,  the  French  word  for 
“wood:”  hence  Bois  Anier,  bw4z 
main'  (“bitter  wood”),  another  name 
for  Quassia,  which  see. 

Bois  de  Campeche,  bwi  deh  koM'- 
pesh'.  (“Campeachy  Wood.”)  A name 
for  Logwood.  See  Hjematoxylum. 

Bol.  = Bolus*  See  Bolus. 

Bole.  See  Bolus. 

Bo-le'tate.  [Bole'tas,  a'6i«.]  A 
combination  of  boletic  acid  with  a base. 

Bo-let'ic  A^'id.  An  acid  discovered 
in  the  Boletus  ps eudo-ig n i a ri us. 

Bo-le'tus.*  [From  {luiXos,  a “mass.”] 
A kind  of  fungus  referred  to  the  genus 
Lycoperdon. 

Bole'tus  Ig-ni-a'rl-us.*  [From 

ig’nis,  “fire:”  because  often  used  as 
tinder.]  The  agaric  of  the  oak,  or 
touchwood.  See  Agaricus  Quercus. 

Bole'tus  Pur'gans.*  Larch  agaric; 
formerly  employed  as  a drastic  purga- 
tive. 

Bo'lus.*  [Gr.  (BoXog,  a “lump”  or 
“mass.”]  Any  roundly-formed  medi- 
cine, larger  than  an  ordinary -si zed  pill, 
yet  small  enough  to  be  swallowed.  A 
kind  of  argillaceous  earth : bole. 

Bolus  Armenia'.  See  Armenian 
Bole. 

Bombacese,*  bom-ba'she-e.  [From 
Bom'bax,  the  “cotton-tree.”]  A natural 
order  of  trees,  including  the  gigantic 
Baobab  and  cotton-tree  of  India.  They 
grow  in  tropical  countries.  The  cotton 
of  the  Bombax  is  too  short  for  textile 
86 


tissues.  This  order  is  called  Sterculiacese 
by  Lindley. 

Bom'bax,  H,'cis.*  A Linnasan  genus 
of  the  class  Monadelphia , natural  order 
Bombacese.  The  cotton-tree. 

Bom'bi-ate.  [Bom' bias,  a'#?*.]  A 
combination  of  bombic  acid  with  abase. 

Bom'bic.  [Bom'bicus;  from  /?og- 
a “ silk- worm.”]  Pertaining  to  the 
Bom  by x. 

Bom'bic  A^'id.  An  acid  obtained 
from  the  silk-worm  chrysalis. 

Born'lius.*  [Gr.  fio^as,  the  “buzz- 
ing of  bees.”]  A ringing  noise  in  the 
ears;  also,  the  sound  of  flatus  moving 
through  the  intestines.  See  Tinnitus 
Aurium,  and  Borborygmus. 

Bone.  [Lat. Os,Os'sis;  Gr.  dariov,  Fr. 
Os , o.]  A substance  consisting  chiefly 
of  phosphate  of  lime  and  gelatine,  form- 
ing the  solid  frame-work  or  skeleton  in 
vertebrated  animals.  See  Osteology, 
and  Skeleton. 

Bone'-Bind-er.  The  Osteocolla. 

Bone  Earth.  Phosphate  of  lime; 
the  earthy  basis  of  the  bones  of  ani- 
mals. 

Bone  Spir'it.  A brown,  ammoniacal 
liquor,  obtained  in  the  process  of  manu- 
facturing animal  charcoal  from  bones. 

Bon -pla n dl-a  Tr  i-  f o-l  l-a ' ta 

[Named  from  M.  Bonpland , the  dis- 
coverer.] The  former  name  of  the  tree 
affording  Angustura  baric,  now  referred 
to  the  Galipea  cusparia . 

Bo-ra^'lc  A^'id.  An  acid  obtained 
from  borax. 

Boraginaccae,*  bo-raj -e-na'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  plants,  comprising  the 
Borage  (Bora' go,  Bora'ginis),  and  pos- 
sessing mucilaginous  and  emollient  pro- 
perties. 

Bo-ra-gin'c-se.*  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  an  order  of  plants.  See  Bo- 

RAGINACEA3. 

Bo'rate.  [Bo'ras,  a 'tis;  from  bo- 
rag'icum  a^'idum.]  A combination  of 
boracic  acid  with  a base. 

Bo  rax,  a 'cis*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the  borate  of  soda 
( So'die  Bo'ras),  otherwise  called  biborate 
of  soda  (So'  dac  Bibo'ras).  Borax  is  a mild 
refrigerant  and  diuretic;  in  the  form  of 
powder  mixed  with  sugar,  it  is  often 
used  as  a remedy  for  aphtha3  in  chil- 
dren. 

Bor-bo-ryg'mus.*  [From  Bo^opv^o), 
to  “produce  a rumbling  in  the  bowels.”] 
The  gurgling  noise  produced  by  the 
movements  .of  flatus  in  the  intestines. 

Bor  nean.  The  name  given  to  a 


BOR 


BRA 


compound  of  carbon  and  hydrogen  found 
in  valeric  acid,  and  which,  on  exposure 
to  moisture,  acquires  the  properties  of 
Borneo  camphor:  it  is  supposed  to  be 
identical  with  liquid  camphor.  The 
camphor  itself  has  been  named  borneot ; 
and  it  is  converted  by  the  action  of 
nitric  acid  into  laurel  camphor. 

Bor'ne-o  Cam'plior,  called  also 
Sum  itra  Camphor.  A crystalline  solid 
found  in  crevices  of  the  wood  of  the 
DryobaV anops  aromat'ica. 

Bo  ron.  [Bo'rium.]  The  base  of 
boracic  acid. 

Bor'u-ret.  [Borure'tum;  from 
bo'ron.]  A combination  of  boron  with 
a simple  body. 

Bos-op'ric  A$'id.  A strong,  color- 
less acid,  procured  from  fresh  cow-dung, 
of  great  efficacy  in  purifying  mordanted 
cotton.  A better  term  would  be  bucopric 
acid. 

Bos-wel'li-a  Ser-ra'ta.*  The  tree 
believed  to  afford  Olibanum. 

Botal’sHole.  [Fora'men  Bota'le.] 

See  Foramen  Ovale. 

Bot-an-ol'o-gy.  [Batanolo'gia; 

from  ftoravrj,  an  “herb,”  and  A oyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  of  plants; 
the  same  as  Botany. 

Bat'a^ny.  [Botan'ica;  from  Soravi), 
an  “herb.”]  That  branch  of  Natural 
History  which  treats  of  plants,  or  of  the 
vegetable  kingdom. 

B»t!a-ri-o-cep3i'a-lus.*  [From 
pio»,  a “little  pit,”  and  K£([>a\n,  the 
“head.”]  Another  name  for  the  Taenia 
Lata,  which  see. 

B»t'ry-oid.  [Botryoi'des ; from 
porpvg,  a “ cluster  of  grapes.”]  Resembling 
a cluster  of  grapes. 

B»t-ry-t>id'a3.  The  same  as  Bot- 
ryoid,  which  see. 

Battle-Shaped.  See  Lagen.efor- 
mis. 

Batts.  Small  worms  which  breed  in 
the  intestines  of  horses:  they  are  the 
larvae  of  the  CEstrus , or  gadfly,  which 
deposits  its  eggs  on  the  hair  of  the  horse, 
an  1 by  the  licking  of  the  animal  they 
are  swallowed. 

Bi>t-u-Iin'ic  [from  hot' ulus,  a “sau- 
sage”] A$'id.  An  acid  found  in  putrid 
sausages,  supposed  to  be  the  same  prin- 
ciple as  Allantotoxicum. 

Bonnie  (Fr.),  boo'zhe'.  [A  “wax  can- 
dle,” from  their  having  formerly  been 
sometimes  made  of  wax.]  A slender 
instrument  for  introduction  into  the 
urethra;  also,  stronger,  for  the  rectum , 
vagina,  and  oesophagus. 


Bougie',  Armed,  or  Bougie',  Cans’* 
tic.  A bougie  with  a piece  of  lunar 
caustic  fixed  in  its  extremity. 

Bouillon  (Fr.),  boo'yi>N«'.  A broth 
or  soup  made  by  boiling  the  flesh  of 
animals  in  water. 

Bo-vi'na  Fames.*  The  disease 
Bulimia,  which  see. 

Brae'cate.  [Bracca'tus ; from 

brac'ca,  “breeches.”]  Having  breeches. 

Bra-ehe'ri-um.*  [From  bra'chium, 
the  “arm.”]  See  Subligamen. 

Braeti-I-ae'us.*  Same  as  Brachial. 

Bra'elii-al.  [Braeliia'lis ; from 

bra'chium,  the  “arm.”]  Belonging  to 
the  arm. 

BraeBi-I-al'gi-a.*  [From  bra'chium, 
the  “arm,”  and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  of 
the  arm,  or  of  any  part  of  it. 

Bra'ehl-ate.  [Brachia'tus;  from 

bra'chium,  the  “ arm.”]  Having  branches 
in  pairs  at  right  angles  with  those  above 
and  below. 

Bra'elsl-o-.  [From  the  same.]  A 

prefix  in  compound  names  of  vessels, 
ligaments,  etc.,  connected  with  the  arm. 

Braeliiopoda.  See  Braciiiopodous. 

Bra-ctii-op'o-dous.  [Bracliiop'- 
odus;  from  Ppaxiow,  an  “arm,”  and 
TTuvg,  a “foot.”]  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Brachiop'oda ) to  a class  of  Mol- 
lusca  with  two  fleshy  arms  instead  of  feet. 

Bra'clii-um.*  [Gr.  /3paxiw,  Fr. 
Bras,  br&.]  The  arm,  from  shoulder  to 
wrist;  strictly,  from  the  shoulder  to  the 
elbow,  forming  the  proper  arm. 

Bra-ehyp'ter-us.*  [From  (3pa\vg, 
“short,”  and  irrepov,  a “wing.”]  Bra- 
chyp'terous.  Applied  in  the  neuter  plural 
( Brachyp’  tera ) to  a family  of  birds  with 
small  wings, 

Braeli-y-u'rus.*  [From  (3pa\vg,  and 
ovpi,  a “tail.”]  Having  a short  tail; 
brachyu'rous.  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Brachiu' ra)  to  a family  of  Crus- 
tacea Decapoda. 

Brac'te-a,*  plural  Brac'te-ae.  A 
Latin  term,  denoting  a thin  leaf  or  plate 
of  any  metal.  It  is  applied  in  Botany 
to  all  those  modifications  of  leaves  which 
are  found  upon  the  inflorescence  and 
are  situated  between  the  true  leaves  and 
the  calyx  of  the  flower.  They  compose 
the  involucrnm  of  Compositae,  the  glumes 
of  Gramineae,  the  spathes  of  Arum,  etc. 

Brae'te-ate.  [Bractea'tus;  from 
brae' tea.]  Having  floral  leaves. 

Brae-te'I-forsn.  [Braeteafoir'mis; 
from  brae' tea.]  Resembling  a floral  leaf. 

Brac'te-ole.  [Bracte'ola;  diminu- 
tive of  brae' tea.]  A little  floral  leaf. 

87 


BRA 


BRE 


Brac-te'o-late.  [Brac^eola'tus.] 

Having  bracteoles. 

Brad-y^per-ma-tis'mus.*  [From 

fipaov;,  “slow,”  and  crzippa,  “seed.”]  Too 
sioyp  emission  of  the  semen  : bradysper'- 
matism. 

Brain.  A word  generally  denoting 
the  whole  nervous  mass  within  the 
cranium , or  skull.  See  Cerebrum. 

Brain,  Utile.  See  Cerebellum. 

Bran.  See  Furfur  Tritici. 

Branch.  [Lat.  Ka'inus;  Fr.  Branche, 
broxsh.]  In  Anatomy,  applied  to  the 
several  portions  of  blood-vessels,  etc.,  as 
they  divide,  like  the  branches  of  a tree. 

Branched.  See  Ramos  us. 

Branchia.  See  next  article. 

Branchiae,*  brank'e-e.  [Gr.  Ppay- 
Xia.]  The  gills,  or  breathing  apparatus, 
in  fishes,  analogous  to  the  lungs  of  land- 
animals.  Also,  the  organs  of  respiration 
in  Mollusca,  Crustacea , and  some  Kept  ilia. 

Brancliiopoda.  See  Branchiopo- 

DUS. 

Brancii-I-op'o-dus.*  [From  (3pdy- 
X<a,  “ gills,”  and  rovg,  a “foot.”]  Applied 
in  Zoology  to  an  order  ( Branchiopoda , 
brank'e-op'o-da)  of  Crustacea  Entomos- 
traca,  in  which  the  branchiae  constitute 
part  of  their  feet. 

Braneh-I-os'te-gal.  [Branchios- 

tega'lis;  from  ppayxia,  “gills,”  and 
oTkyto,  to  “cover.”]  Covering  the  gills. 
Applied  in  Comparative  Anatomy  to 
appendages  of  the  hyoid  and  scapular 
arches. 

Branch-i'Os'te-ous.  [BrancSii- 

os'teus;  from  /3pdy\ia,  “gills,”  and 
duTEov,  a “bone.”]  Having  gills  wiih 
bony  rays. 

Bran'dy.  [Lat.Vi'num  Adus'tum, 
or  A 'qua  Vi'tae;  Fr.  Eau  de  Vie,  o deh 
vA;  Ger.  Branntwein,  br&nt'wln,  lite- 
rally, “burnt  wine.”]  The  spirit  dis- 
tilled from  wine ; one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar forms  in  which  alcoholic  spirit  is 
administered. 

Bras.  See  Brachium. 

Brasque,  brask.  A French  term 
used  by  metallurgists  to  denote  the 
lining  of  a crucible  or  a furnace  with 
charcoal. 

Brass.  [Lat.  AEs,  ^E'ris;  Fr.  A train, 
AraN®'.]  An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc. 
Common  brass  consists  of  three  parts 
of  copper  and  one  of  zinc. 

Brassicacese,*  bras-se-ka'she-e.  A 
name  given  by  Lindley  to  an  order  of 
plants,  including  mustard,  cabbage,  etc.  , 

Bray  era.  See  Kousso. 

Bra-zil'-Aut.  A triangular  nut  I 

88 


growing  in  Brazil;  the  fruit  of  the 
Bertholle'tia  excel' sa,  or  cream-nut. 

Brazil  - Root.  [Radix  Brazilien'- 

sis.]  A name  sometimes  given  to  the 
root  of  the  Ipecacuanha. 

Brazil-Wood.  The  wood  of  the 
Csesalpi'na  Brazil  ten' sis,  which  yields  a 
red  coloring  matter  used  by  dyers. 

Braz-I-let  to.  An  interior  species 
of  Brazil-wood,  brought  from  Jamaica. 
It  is  one  of  the  cheapest  and  least  es- 
teemed of  the  red  dye-woods. 

Bread-Fruit  Tree.  The  Arfocarpus 
incisa,  a tree  of  the  order  Urticacese. 
It  has  broad,  lobed  leaves  and  large, 
globular  heads  of  fruit.  “This  fruit  is 
to  the  inhabitants  of  Polynesia  what  corn 
is  to  the  inhabitants  of  other  parts  of 
the  world.” — (Hoblyn.) 

Break-Bone  Fever.  See  Dengue. 

Breast.  The  mamma  of  females;  the 
mammilla  of  males  ; also,  popularly,  the 
thorax,  or  chest.  See  Pectus. 

Breast-Bone.  See  Sternum. 

Breast-Pump.  The  same  as  Antlia 
Mammaria. 

Breath.  [Hal'itus  and  Spir'itus.] 

The  air  received  and  discharged  by  ex- 
pansion and  contraction  of  the  lungs. 

Breccia,  bret'ehL  [It.  a “frag- 
ment.”] Rock  with  fragmentary  struc- 
ture, the  agglomerated  grains  of  which 
are  angulous  fragments  with  sharp  edges. 

Breeciolar,  bretch'o-lar.  [Brec- 
ciola'ris.]  Applied  to  rocks  having 
various  bodies  in  their  paste  or  sub- 
stance. 

Bredouilleinent  (Fr.),  breh-dool'- 
moN®'.  A defective  utterance,  in  which 
only  a part  of  the  words  is  pronounced. 
It  differs  from  stammering  in  being 
produced  solely  by  a too  great  rapidity 
of  speech. 

Breg  ma,  a tis.%  [From  /3pc\(o,  to 
“moisten:”  so  named  because  it  was 
deemed  to  cover  the  most  humid  part 
of  the  brain.]  An  anatomical  term  for 
the  sinciput,  or  top  of  the  head.  See 
Sinciput. 

Brepli-o-tro'ptii-um.*  [From 

ftpkpo an  “infant,”  and  rpi^tj,  to  “nou- 
rish.”] A foundling-hospital. 

Bres'lau  Fe'ver.  An  epidemic 
which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  at 
Breslau  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century, 
and  which  has  been  named  by  Sauvages 
Tri  trenphi  a V rat  is  la  v iensis. 

Brev-I-pen'iiate.  [Brcvipeii'nis ; 
from  bre'vis , “short,”  and  pen’na,  a 
“wing.”]  Short-winged.  A term  applied 
to  certain  birds. 


BRE 


BRO 


Bre-vis'si-mus  Oc'u-li.*  [From 

bre'vis,  “short,”  and  oc'ulus , the  “eye.”] 
A synonym  of  the  obliquus  inferior , 
from  its  being  the  “shortest  [muscle]  of 
the  eye.” 

Brexiacere,*  brex-e-a/she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  trees,  allied  to  the  Saxifrages, 
with  coriaceous  leaves  and  green  flowers. 
It  includes  the  genus  Brex’ia,  which  is  a 
native  of  Madagascar. 

Brez'i-lin.  The  name  applied  to 
the  coloring  matter  of  Brazil-wood  ob- 
tained from  several  species  of  Csesalpinia. 

Brick 'lay-er’s  Itch.  A species  of 
local  tetter,  or  impetigo,  produced  on 
the  hands  of  bricklayers  by  the  contact 
of  lime. 

Bright’s  Dis-case'.  [Jforbns 
Brigh'tii.]  A genus  or  group  of  dis- 
eases of  the  kidney,  first  described  by 
Dr.  Bright.  See  Nephritis. 

Brim  stone.  [Perhaps  a corruption 
of  Brenstone,  or  Burnstone,  referring  to 
its  great  combustibility.]  A name  for 
sulphur.  The  sublimed  sulphur  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  is  termed  Jiower8  of  brim- 
stone or  of  sulphur. 

Brise-j>ierre,  bR^z'  pe-ain'.  [From 
the  French  briser , to  “break,”  and 
pierre , a “stone.”]  An  instrument  for 
breaking  stones  in  the  bladder.  See 
Lithotrity. 

Brit  ish  Gum.  A term  applied  to 
starch  when  reduced  to  a gum-like  state 
by  exposure  to  heat.  It  then  becomes 
of  a brown  color,  and  in  that  state  is 
employed  by  calico-printers. 

British  Oil.  An  artificial  prepara- 
tion, composed  as  follows  : — camphor, 
one  ounce  ; rectified  spirits  of  wine,  four 
ounces;  sweet  oil,  twelve  ounces;  oil  of 
hartshorn,  five  ounces:  boiled  together. 
This  name  is  also  given  to  the  O'leum 
Pe’trse  Vulga’re,  or  common  oil  of  petre, 
a variety  of  petroleum. 

Bro'(H-um.:i:  A term  synonymous  in 
Pharmacy  with  jusculum , or  broth,  the 
liquor  in  which  any  thing  is  boiled ; as 
bro'dium  sa'lis , a decoction  of  salt. 

Bro'ma.*  [From  fiippocKw.  to  “eat.”] 
Food  ; any  thing  that  is  masticated. 

Bro'miite.  [Bromas,  A 

combination  of  bromic  acid  with  a base. 

Brom-a-to^'ra-pliy.  [Bromato- 
g-ra'phia;  from  (Jphfxa,  “food,”  and 
ypeupw,  to  “describe.”]  A treatise  on 
foods ; or  a description  of  different  kinds 
of  food. 

Brom-a-tol'o-gy.  [Bromatol©'- 

gia;  from  Ppupa,  “food,”  and  A dyog.  a 
“discourse.”]  The  consideration  of  food, 


its  nature,  quality,  and  uses ; the  scienco 
of  food. 

Brome,  or  Bro'mine.  [Bro  niium, 
or  Broniin'iiiin;  from  (Jpupog,  a 
“ stench.”]  An  elementary  body  usually 
obtained  from  the  residue  of  sea-water, 
called  Bittern  ; named  on  account  of  its 
powerful,  suffocating  odor.  It  is  a liquid 
of  a deep-red  color,  and  is  very  poison- 
ous. 

Brorneliaceae,*  bro-me-le-a'she-e. 
[From  Brome'lia , one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  plants, 
found  in  tropical  regions,  and  capable 
of  growing  in  air  without  contact  with 
the  earth.  It  includes  the  Ananas,  or 
Pine-Apple,  and  other  plants  prized  for 
their  flowers. 

Bronielije,*  bro-me'le-e,  the  plural 
of  Brome'lia,  forming  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  an  order  of  plants.  See  Brome- 

LIACE  A5. 

Bro  mic.  [Brom'icus.]  Belonging 

to  brome. 

Bro'inic  A^'id.  A compound  of 
bromine  and  oxygen. 

Bro'mide.  [Bro'mis,  i'dis;  from 
bro1  mium.]  A combination  of  bromine 
with  a metallic  base. 

Bro-niin'i-uni.*  The  Pharmaco- 
poeia! name  (U.  S.  Ph.)  of  Brome,  of 
Bromine,  which  see. 

Bromium.  See  Brome. 

Bro'mo-form.  [From  bro’ mium, 
and  for’mgle .]  A peculiar  substance 
compounded  of  bromine  and  formic  acid, 
somewhat  analogous  in  its  effects  to 
chloroform  and  sodoform. 

Bro'mu-ret.  [Bromure'tum ; 
from  bro' mium.']  A combination  of 
brome  with  a base. 

Brooches.  The  French  term  for 
Bronchia,  which  see. 

Bronchi,*  bronkT  (the  plural  of 
Brooch 'us).  The  same  as  Bronchia, 
which  see. 

Bronchia,*  bronk'e-a,  gen.  Bron- 
chi-o'rum  (found  only  in  the  plural). 
Fr.  Bronches,  brdxsh.  [From  Ppoyxog, 
the  “ windpipe.”]  The  first  two  branches 
of  the  bronchus,  or  windpipe ; otherwise 
called  bronchi. 

Bronch'I-al.  [Brooch ia 'Its ; from 
bron’chia.]  Belonging  to  the  bronchia, 
or  bronchi. 

Brooch 'ial  Tubes.  The  minute 
ramifications  of  the  bronchi,  terminating 
in  the  bronchial  cells,  or  air-cells  of  the 
lungs. 

Bronchitis,*  bronk-i'tis.  [From 
bron’chia.]  Inflammation  of  the  bronchia . 

89 


BRO 


BUB 


Broncb-lem-mi'tis.*  A membrane- 

like  inflammation  of  the  bronchia . 

Bronch'o-^ele.*  [From  (ipoyxog,  the 
“ windpipe,”  and  Kri\r],  a “ tumor.”]  An 
indolent  swelling  of  the  thyroid  gland ; 
goitre;  tracheocele.  Called  also  Derby- 
shire neck. 

Broncbohaemorrbagria,*  bronk'o- 
hem'o-ra'je-a.  [From  bron'chus,  and 
hsemorrha'gia,  “haemorrhage.”]  A term 
recently  proposed  by  Andral  to  desig- 
nate the  exhalation  of  blood  from  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
commonly  called  bronchial  haemorrhage. 

Broncii-opli'o-nism,  Bronch- 
oph'o-ny.  [Broncbopbonis'mus, 
Broncbopho'nia ; from  (Jpdyxog,  and 
</koj/i7,  the  “voice.”]  The  sound  of  the 
voice,  heard  by  means  of  the  stethoscope, 
in  the  bronchia. 

Bronchorrboea,*  bronk-o-re'a. 
[From  brou' chi,  and  pico,  to  “flow.”]  In- 
creased discharge  of  mucus  from  the 
bronchia. 

Broneh-ot'o*niy.  [Broncboto'- 

111  ia;  from  [3poyx<>s,  the  “windpipe”  or 
“bronchia,”  and  rr/n/w,  to  “cut.”]  The 
operation  of  cutting  into  the  bronchus , 
or  windpipe. 

Broil '-elms.*  [Gr.  PpSyxog , the  “wind- 
pipe.”] Same  as  Trachea.  In  the 
plural,  bronchi  is  used  synonymously 
with  bronchia. 

Bron'to-lite,  or  Bron'to-lith. 
[Bron toll 'tes;  from  (3povrh,  “thunder,” 
and  \l6us,  a “stone.”]  A thunder-stone; 
another  name  for  Aerolite,  or  meteoric 
stone. 

Bronze.  A compound  metal,  con- 
sisting of  copper  with  a small  propor- 
tion of  tin  ; similar  to  bell-metal. 

Brook 'lime.  The  Veron'ica  becca- 
bun'ga. 

Broom.  The  Spar' Hum  scopa' rium. 

Browning.  A preparation  of  sugar, 
port-wine,  spices,  etc.,  for  coloring  and 
flavoring  meat,  etc. 

Brown 'ism.  The  theory  or  doc- 
trines of  John  Brown.  See  Brunonian 
Theory. 

Britain,  or  Brucine,  broo'sin. 
[Bru'cia,  or  Bruci'na.]  A vegetable 
alkali  discovered  in  the  false  Angustura 
bark  and  in  the  Nux  vomica.  It  is  of  a 
pearly-white  color,  very  bitter  and  styp- 
tic : it  is  poisonous,  but  less  active  than 
strychnine. 

Bruissement  (Fr.),  bRw&ss'moN°'. 
Corvisart’s  term  for  the  purring  tremor , 
or  frimissement  cataire,  of  Laennec. 

Bruit,  bRwA  A French  term,  signi- 
90 


fying  “noise.”  Applied  to  the  different 
conditions  of  the  sound  perceived  by 
means  of  the  stethoscope,  according  as 
the  thorax  or  its  organs  are  affected. 

Bruit  de  C’raquement,  bRw£  d$h 
krak'moN0'  (“crackling  sound”),  or 
Bruit  de  Cuir  Neuf,  bnw6  deh  kw&R 
nuf  (“sound  of  new  leather”).  A sound 
caused  by  friction  of  the  pericardium  in 
certain  diseased  conditions. 

Bruit  de  SoufHet,  bnw£  deh  soo'fl&' 
(“bellows-sound”).  A sound  sometimes 
heard  during  the  contraction  of  the 
auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart.  It 
is  also  termed  Bruit  de  Souffle,  bRw& 
deh  soofl,  or  “blowing  sound.” 

Bruit  Tympanique,  bRW&  taM'p&'- 
n&k'  (“tympanic  sound”).  See  Tympa- 
nitis. 

Bruniacese,*  broo-ne-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  found 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Their  pro- 
perties are  unknown. — (Lindley.) 

Brun  ner’s  Blands.  [Blau 'du- 
lse Brunne'rii.]  The  Gian' dulse  soli- 
ta’ rise,  or  mucous  follicles  discovered  by 
Brunner  in  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
small  intestines. 

Brunoniacese,*  broo-no-no-a'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  herbaceous  plants, 
found  in  New  Holland.  It  consists  of 
one  genus, — Bruno' nia. 

Bru -no' ni-an  Tlie'o-ry.  A theory 
or  system  founded  by  John  Brown,  who 
maintained  that  all  diseases  are  the 
result  either  of  an  excess  or  deficiency 
of  excitability  in  the  animal  system. 

Bruns  wick  Breen.  An  ammo- 
niaco-muriate  of  copper,  used  for  oil- 
painting. 

Bryg'mus.^  [Gr.  (3pvyfios ; from /?p\w, 
to  “gnash  with  the  teeth.”]  Gnashing 
or  grating  with  the  teeth ; one  of  the 
symptoms  occurring  in  certain  diseases. 

Bry'o-ny.  [Bryo'nia;  from  fipvio, 
to  “abound.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Monoecia , natural  order  Cucurbi- 
tacese. 

Bry-o'ni-a  Al'ba.*  The  Bryonia 
dioica. 

Bryo'nia  B»i-oi'ca.*  The  wild  vine; 
also  called  Bryonia  alba , wild  hops,  and 
tetter-berry. 

Bu'bo,  o'/us,*  Bu'bon,o'n>s.*  [From 
($o  fi cud,  the  “groin.”]  The  inflammatory 
swelling  of  a lymphatic  gland,  particu- 
larly in  the  groin  or  axilla.  A genus  of 
the  order  Turn  ores,  class  Locales,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology.  Adeni'tis.  In  Botany, 
a Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria. 
natural  order  Umbelliferse. 


BUB 


BUL 


Bu'bon  ©al'ba-num.*  The  former 
name  of  the  plant  which  yields  galba- 
nurn  ; now  called  Galbanum  officinale. 

Bu-bo-naU'gri-a.*  [From  (Jouftov,  the 
“ groin,”  and  dAyuj,  “pain.”J  Pain  in 
the  groin  : bubonal'gy. 

Bu-bon'o-$eIe.*  [From  /3o')6ojv,  the 
“ groin,”  and  *17X77,  a “ tumor.”]  A species 
of  hernia  in  which  part  of  the  bowels 
protrudes  at  the  abdominal  ring;  sy- 
nonymous with  inguinal  hernia. 

Bnc'caS.  [Bucca'lis;  from  bue'ea, 
the  “cheek.”]  Belonging  to  the  cheek. 

Buc  cal  ©lands.  The  name  of  nu- 
merous follicles  situated  beneath  the 
mucous  layer  of  the  cheek. 

Buc'cal  Nerve,  called  also  the  Buc'« 
co-lLab-i-a'lis.*  A nerve  generally 
arising  from  the  inferior  maxillary : it 
sends  its  branches  to  the  buccinator 
muscle. 

Buc-^l-na'tor,  o'ria.*  [From  buc'- 
cinoy  buccina'  turn,  to  “sound  a trumpet.”] 
The  trumpeter’s  muscle.  A flat  muscle 
which  forms  the  wall  of  the  cheek  : so 
called  from  its  being  much  used  in 
blowing  the  trumpet. 

Buecinoidse,*  buk-se-no'i-de.  [From 
bae'einuin,  a shell-fish  like  a trumpet  or 
horn.]  A name  in  Zoology  given  to  a 
family  of  the  Molina' ca  Gasterop'oda  Pec- 
tinib ranch ia'ta,  having  the  Baccinum  for 
its  type. 

Bacco-Iiabialis  Nerve.  See  Buc- 
cal Nerve. 

Bwc'cti-lsjb.*  [The  diminutive  of  hue'- 
ca,  thi  “cheek.”]  The  fleshy  part  under 
the  chin. 

Bucku,*  boo'koo.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  Boros' ma 
crena'ta,  and  other  species  of  Baros'ma; 
the  Bucco  of  the  British  Pharmacopoeia. 

Buck-Bean.  A plant  of  the  natural 
order  Gentianacese , used  by  brewers  in 
some  parts  of  Germany  as  a substitute 
for  hops.  See  Menyanthes  Tripo- 
li at  a. 

Buck '-Thorn.  The  common  name 
of  the  Rham'nus  cathar'ticns.  The  berries 
yield  a delicate  green,  named  by  painters 
verdevis'sa. 

Buek'11.*  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  several  species 
of  Barosma.  See  Bitchu. 

Buc-ne'mi-a.*  [From  /3oi>,  a par- 
ticle of  increase,  and  the  “leg.”] 

A disease  of  the  leg,  distinguished  by 
tense,  diffuse,  inflammatory  swelling. 

Bucopric  Acid.  See  Bosopric 
Acid. 

Bad.  [Lat.  ©em'ma;  Fr.  Bouton , 


boo't&No'.]  The  rudiments  of  a plant  in 
a latent  state,  till  evolved  at  the  proper 
season  and  by  the  influence  of  other 
circumstances. 

Buf'fy  €oat.  [Co'riiim  Phlogis'- 
ticum.]  The  inflammatory  crust  or 
butf-colored  substance  on  the  surface  of 
the  cra88amentum  of  blood  taken  from 
persons  laboring  under  inflammation, 
when  coagulation  is  completed. 

Bu-laon'  Fe'ver.  A name  given  by 
the  natives  on  the  African  coast  to  the 
yellow  fever. 

Bulb.  [Lat.  Bul  bils  ; Gr. /?oXS<5j.]  In 
Botany,  a globular,  coated  body,  solid, 
or  composed  of  fleshy  scales  or  layers, 
constituting  the  lower  part  of  some 
plants,  and  sending  off  radicles  from  the 
flattened  basis.  Also  applied  in  Anatomy 
to  portions  of  the  body  resembling  a 
bulb. 

Bulb  of  the  U-re'thra.  The  bulb- 
like commencement  of  the  corpus  spon- 
giosum penis : hence  the  included  ure- 
thra is  called  the  bulbous  portion. 

Bul-bif 'er-ous.  [Bislbif  'eras ; 

from  bid’ bus,  a “bulb,”  and  fe’ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  bulbs. 

Bul  bil.  [Bulbil 'lus,  or  Bul'bu- 
lus;  the  diminutive  of  btd'bus.]  A 
small,  solid,  or  scaly  bud,  which  being 
detached  from  a plant  becomes  de- 
veloped and  perfectly  similar  to  it. 

Bui'  bo-Ca  v-er- 11  o'sus.*  [N  am  e d 
from  its  connection  with  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra  and  the  corpus  cavernosum.]  A 
muscle  of  the  urethra.  The  same  as 
Accelerator  Urinal,  which  see. 

Bul  bous.  [Bulbo'sus ; from  bul'- 
bus , a “bulb.”]  Having  bulbs,  or  full 
of  bulbs. 

Bulbulus.  See  Bulbil. 

Bul'bus  Ar-te-ri-o'sns.*  (“Arterial 
Bulb.”)  The  name  of  the  anterior  of  the 
three  cavities  of  the  heart  in  all  Yerte- 
brata,  as  exhibited  in  the  early  period 
of  their  development. 

Bul'bus  ©1-fac-to'ri-us.*  (“Olfac- 
tory Bulb.”)  That  portion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerve  which  expands  into  a bulb- 
like form  and  rests  upon  the  cribriform 
plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 

Bu-lim'I-a,*  Bu-li-mi'a-sis,*  Bu- 
ll'mus.*  [From  fio »i,  a particle  of  in- 
crease, and  hpog,  “hunger.”]  A disease 
causing  great  voracity  or  insatiable  hun- 
ger ; canine  hunger.  A genus  of  the  order 
Dijsorexise , class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Bu'lith-um.*  [From  /3ov$,  an  “ox,” 
and  \iOos,  a “stone.”]  A bezoar  stone 
91 


BUL 


BYT 


found  in  the  kidneys,  the  gall,  or  urinary 
bladder  of  the  ox.  See  Bezoar. 

Bail!.  = Bul'liat .*  “Let  it  boil.” 

Bail' la.*  Literally,  a “ bubble.”  A 
transparent  vesicle  caused  by  burns, 
scalds,  or  otherwise  ; a bleb ; a blister. 

Bul'late.  [Bulla'tus,  Bullo'sus; 
from  bul'la,  a “blister.”]  Having  bullae , 
or  full  of  bullae , — an  appearance  pro- 
duced by  the  surface  of  a leaf  being 
raised  above  its  veins. 

Bunion,  or  Bunyon,  bun'yan. 
[From  (iovviov,  the  “earth-nut.”]  In- 
flammation (or  rather  its  effects)  of  the 
bur sa  mucosa , at  the  ball  of  the  great 
toe,  induration  of  adjacent  parts,  en- 
largement of  the  joint,  etc. 

Bu'ni-um.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
generic  name  of  the  plant  producing  the 
earth-nut.  It  has  a tuberous  root,  which 
is  eaten  roasted  or  raw. 

BuptithaBinia,*  buf-thal'me-a,  or 
Bu-opli-thariiii-a,*  or  Buph-tltal- 
i litis.*  [From  (3ovg,  an  “ox,”  and  o/»0aX- 
the  “eye.”]  The  first  stage  of  lly- 
drophthalmia,  or  ox-eye. 

Bur'doek.  The  common  English 
name  of  the  Arc'tium  lap' pa,  and  Lap' pa 
mi' nor . 

Bur'grm-dy  Pi  tell.  The  Pix  Bur- 

gun'  dica  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

Burmaumiaceae,*  bur-man-ne-a'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  endogenous 
plants  related  to  the  Orchids . 

Burn.  [Ts'tio  and  Ambus 'tio, 

©'nos.]  A lesion  caused  by  the  applica- 
tion of  heat. 

Burnt  Alum.  See  Alumen  Exsic- 

CATUM. 

Burnt  Sponge.  [Spon'gia  Us'ta.] 

This  substance  is  prepared  by  cutting 
sponge  into  small  pieces,  and  burning 
it  in  a covered  vessel  until  it  becomes 
black  and  friable,  when  it  is  rubbed 
into  a fine  powder.  It  is  employed  as  a 
remedy  in  goitre  and  scrofulous  swell- 
ings. 

Bur'sa,*  plural  Bur'sa?.  [Gr.  /3vpoa , 
a “leathern  bottle.”]  A sac,  or  purse. 

Bur'sa  Mu-co'sa,*  plural  Bur'sae 
Uluco'sse.  A membranous  sac  for 
secreting  a substance  ( syno'via ) to  lubri- 
cate tendons  and  joints,  rendering  their 
motion  easy. 


Bur-sa'lis.*  [From  bur'sa .]  Be- 
longing to  a purse  or  bag  : bur'sal. 

Bur-sal'o-gy*  [Bursalo'gia ; from 
/ 3vpoa , a “ bag,”  and  A<>yoj,  a “ discourse.”] 
The  consideration  (or  science)  of  the 
bursae  mucosae. 

Bu'te-a  Gum.  A gum  procured 
from  natural  fissures  and  wounds  made 
in  the  bark  of  the  Bu'tea  frondo'sa,  a 
leguminous  plant  of  India. 

Butomacese,*  bu-to-ma'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  aquatic  plants,  includ- 
ing the  Bu'tomus. 

But'ter.  [Lat.  Bu'tyrum:  Gr.  fiov- 
r”poj/.]  An  oil,  more  or  less  concrete, 
obtained  from  the  milk  of  animals.  It 
can  be  separated  frem  milk  or  cream 
by  almost  any  kind  of  violent  and  con- 
tinued agitation.  This  process  of  sepa- 
ration is  popularly  termed  “churning.” 

But'ter  of  Ca-ca'o.  An  oily,  con- 
crete, white  matter,  of  a firmer  consist- 
ence than  suet,  obtained  from  the  Cacao , 
or  Cocoanut,  of  which  chocolate  is  made. 

But/ ter-fly -Shaped.  See  Papilio- 

NACEUS. 

Butua.  See  Pareira  Braya. 

Bu-ty-ra'ceous.  [Butyra'ceus ; 
from  bu'tyrum , “ butter.”]  Of  the  ap- 
pearance or  consistence  of  butter. 

Bu'ty-rate.  [Bu'tyras,  a'f?s.]  A 
combination  of  butyric  acid  with  a base. 

Bu-tyr'ic  A^'id.  A volatile  acid 
obtained  from  butter. 

Bu'ty-rin.  [Butyri'na;  from  bu- 
ty'rum , “butter.”]  The  essential  fatty 
matter  of  butter:  the  butyrate  of  gly-- 
cerin. 

Bux'in.  [Buxi'na.]  An  alkaline 
substance  obtained  from  the  common 
box-tree  (Bux'us  sempervi' rens). 

B.  V.  = Bal'neum  Vapo'ris .*  A “va- 
por-bath.” 

By  s 'sum,*  Bys'sus.*  [Gr.  Pvoco$, 
a kind  of  fine  flax.]  In  Anatomy,  the 
Pudendum  muliebre.  Applied  in  Botany 
to  a genus  of  lichens.  Also,  the  hairy 
appendage  by  which  the  Mollusca  attach 
themselves  to  rocks,  etc. 

Byttneriacea?,*  bit-ne-re-a'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  or 
shrubs,  including  the  Byttne'ria  and 
Theobro'ma  Ca'cao , which  produces  cho- 
colate or  cocoa. 


92 


CAB 


CAE 


C. 


c.  An  abbreviation  for  Gongius ,*  a 
“ gallon ;”  also  for  “compound,”  or 
“composite,”  Carbonium ,*  compositi* 
or  compos  it ae 

Cabal-line.  [Caballi'nus ; from 
cabal'lus,  a “horse.”]  Applied  to  a 
coarse  kind  of  aloes  fit  only  for  horses. 

Cab  bage-Tree.  The  Geoffraea  iner- 
mis,  or  Andira  inermis. 

Cabombaceae,*  kab-om-ba'she-e,  or 
Ca-bom'be-ae.*  [From  Cabom'ba , the 
name  of  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order,  including  aquatic  plants  with 
floating  peltate  leaves.  It  is  also  called 
Hydropeltidex. 

Cacao.  See  Cocoa. 

Cachectic,  ka-kek'tik.  [Caciiec'ti- 
cus;  from  cachex'ia .]  Pertaining  to 
Cachexia. 

Caeli-el-co'ma,  a £?*«.*  [From  Kasog, 
“bad,”  and  e\xo;,  an  “ulcer.”]  A malig- 
nant ulcer. 

Ca-chex'i-a.*  [From  kcl<6<;,  “bad,” 
“evil,”  and  a “habit.”]  A depraved 
habit  of  body.  Applied  in  the  plural 
to  a class  of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  Ca- 
chex'y. 

Ciic-o-ehyml-a.15  [From  kuk^, 
“bad,”  and  “juice,”  “humor.”] 

A depraved  condition  of  the  humors. 

Cac-o-col ' pl-a.*  [From  kolkos,  “ bad,” 
and  k6\ttos,  a “sinus,”  also,  the  “womb,” 
or  “ vulva.”]  A putrid  condition  of  the 
vulva  and  vaginal  entrance. 

Cac'o-dyl.  [From  kcuc'jStis,  “fetid.”] 
A limpid  liquid,  of  fetid  odor,  derived 
from  acetyl.  Cacodylic  acid  is  formed 
from  cacodyl  by  oxygenation. 

Cac-o-e'thes.*  [From  kclkos,  “bad,” 
and  rjdo;,  “manner”  or  “disposition.”] 
A bad  habit  or  disposition. 

Cac-o-so'mi-um.*  [From  /ravo;, 
“bad,”  and  aHua,  a “body,”  also,  “state 
of  body.”]  A lazaretto  for  leprosy  and 
other  incurable  diseases. 

Cactaceae,*  kak-ta'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  plants  of  the  Cactus  tribe,  re- 
markable for  their  large  and  gay  flowers. 
They  are  succulent  shrubs,  found  wild 
in  hot,  dry  countries. 

Cac'ti,*  the  plural  of  Cac'tus  (a 
“prickly  pear”),  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
an  order  of  plants.  See  Cactace^:. 

Ca-cu'men,*  plural  Ca-cu'mi-na. 
The  “top”  of  any  thing.  In  Pharma- 
copoeia! language,  the  tops  of  plants. 

Ca-dav’er-ic.  [Cadaver'icus ; from 


cada'ver , a “corpse.”]  Belonging  to  a 
dead  body. 

Ca-dav'er-ous.  [From  the  same.] 
Having  the  appearance  of  a dead  body; 
pertaining  to  a dead  body. 

Cadet',  Liq'uor  of.  A liquid  ob- 
tained by  distilling  acetate  of  potash 
and  arsenious  acid,  and  remarkable  for 
its  insupportable  odor  and  spontaneous 
inflammability  in  air. 

Cad'mi-a,*  or  Cad-mi'a.  [Gr.  xad- 
n'ia~  or  Kadyeia,  “calamine,”  or  “cad- 
mia.”]  A name  applied  to  several 
metallic  substances,  or  ores, — calamine, 
cobalt,  tutty,  etc. 

Cad'mi-um,*  or  Cad-mi'nm. 

[From  cad' min,  “calamine”  or  “tutty,” 
in  which  it  was  first  observed.]  The 
name  for  a metal,  resembling  tin,  found 
in  several  of  the  ores  of  zinc.  A dilute 
solution  of  the  sulphate  of  cadmium  has 
been  used  as  a collyrium  for  spots  on 
the  cornea,  and  for  chronic  inflamma- 
tion of  the  conjunctiva.  See  preceding 
article. 

Ca-dw'ca.*  [See  next  article.]  A 
name  sometimes  given  to  the  deciduous 
membrane  of  the  uterus. 

Ca-du'cus.*  [From  ca'do,  to  “fall.”] 
F. tiling  off:  cadu'cous. 

Caduque  (Fr.),  kAdiik'.  The  same  as 
Caduca,  which  see. 

Cae'cal,  or  Ce'cal.  [Caeca'lis;  from 
cae'cum,  the  “blind  gut.”]  Belonging 
to  the  Caecum. 

Caccitas  (ses'e-tas),  a 'tis*  [From 
cae'cus , “blind.”]  Blindness. 

Cae-ci'tis.*  [From  cae'cum.']  Inflam- 
mation of  the  cecum. 

Cae'cum.*  [Neuter  singular  of  cae'cus , 
“blind.”]  The  blind  gut  ( bites' tinum 
being  understood),  or  first  portion  of  the 
large  intestine;  the  Ca'put  co'li. 

Cae-ru'le-us  Mor  bus.*  (The  “blue 
disease.”)  See  Cyanosis. 

Cae  rail  in  a.  See  Cerulin. 

Caesalpinia,*  ses-al-pin'e-a.  [Named 
from  Cxsalpi'nus.]  A genus  of  trees  of 
the  order  Leguminosse.  See  Brazil 
Wood. 

Cae-sa're-an  Op-er-a'tion,  Caesa'- 
reaat  Sec'tion.  [Opera'tioCaesa'rea, 
Sec'tioCaesa'rea;  from  Julius  Caesar, — 
said  to  have  been  born  thus;  more 
probably  from  cse'do,  cae’ sum,  to  “cut.”] 
In  Obstetrics,  the  operation  of  cutting 
into  the  womb  through  the  parietes  of 
93 


CAF 


CAL. 


the  abdomen  when  natural  delivery  is 
impracticable:  hysterotomy.  According 
to  Pliny,  persons  thus  born  were  called 

Cteso'nes. 

€af<e  Citrin  (Fr.),  ka'fA'  se'traN0'.  An 
infusion  of  unroasted  coffee;  so  named  on 
account  of  its  yellow  or  citrine  color. 

Caf'fe-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.j  of  the  seed  of  the  Caf'fea 
Arab'ica  (the  coffee-plant).  See  Coffee. 

Caf 'fe-iau.  [Caflfei'na ; f rom  the  French 
Cafe , “ coffee.”]  A bitter  principle  ob- 
tained from  coffee.  The  same  as  Thein. 

Ca-iai'ca,*  or  Ca-tiin'ca,^  called  also 
Clii-o-coc'ca,*  a plant  of  the  order  Ru- 
biacese , the  root  of  which  has  recently 
been  employed  as  a tonic  and  diuretic. 

Cajepnt,  kaj'e-poot,  written  also 
Cai'epaii  and  Caj'uput.  [Cajupu'- 
tum.]  See  Cajuputi  Oleum. 

Caj-u-pai'&i  O'le-umi.*  (“Oil  of 
Cajeput.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Ed.  Ph.)  for  Cajuput  or  Cajeput  oil, 
obtained  from  the  Melaleu'  ca  cajupu'ti. 
It  stimulant  and  aromatic,  and  is 
considered  very  efficacious  in  some  forms 
of  rheumatism. 

Cal-a-bar'  Bean.  A medicinal  sub- 
stance having  the  remarkable  property  of 
causing  contraction  of  the  pupil  of  the  eye, 

Cal-a-armi'na.*  [From  cacl'mia  lapi- 
do'sa , an  ore  of  zinc.]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  of  a native  impure 
carbonate  of  zinc. 

Ca-lam-2-iaa'ris.**  Belonging  to 
calamine,  or  Lapis  calami  nans. 

Cal'a-mi  Ra'fiix.*  (“  Root  of  Cala- 
mus/’) See  Calamus. 

Cal'a-mus.*  [From  the  Arabic  Ka'- 
lam,  the  “stalk  of  a plant,”  a ‘‘reed.’’]  A 
Latin  word  signify  ing  a “reed,”  and  hence 
a “pen.”  The  name  of  a Linnaean  genus 
of  the  class  Hexanclria,  natural  order 
Aroiclesc ; also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  cf  the  rhizoma  of  Ac'orus 
cal' a mus. 

Cal  amus  Ro'tang,*  or  Cal'amus 
Dra'c©.*  A plant  generally  supposed 
to  yield  the  substance  known  as  dragon’s 
blood,  said  likewise  to  be  obtained  from 
the  Pteroca  r' pus  dra'co. 

Calamus  Scrip-ton-ns.1-  A 
“ writing-pen.”  Applied  in  Anatomy  to 
a narrow  fissure  on  the  back  and  in  the 
median  line  of  the  Pons  Varolii. 

Ca-lap'pate.  [From  the  Malay  Ca- 
Ixp'pa,  the  “ cocoa-tree.”]  A stony  concre- 
tion sometimes  found  in  the  inside  of  the 
cocoanut;  also  called  a vegetable  bezoar. 

Cal-a-ttiid'i-uiai.*  [From  Ka\aOig,  a 
“little  basket.”]  A k^jl  of  inflorescence 
91 


composed  of  sessile  flowers  thickly  placed 
upon  a common  involucre. 

Cal-ca  ne-um/  [From  calx , the 
“heel.”]  The  largest  bone  of  the  tarsus; 
the  heel-bone,  or  os  calc  is. 

€al'ca-rate.  [Calcara'tns ; from 
cal' car,  a “ spur.”]  Having  spurs ; like 
the  flower  of  the  larkspur. 

Cal-ca/re-ous.  [Calca'rins ; from 
calx , cal' cis,  “lime.”]  Belonging  to 
lime ; containing  lime. 

Calca  reous  Earth.  Lime. 

Calca'reous  Spar.  Crystallized  car- 
bonate of  lime.  Iceland  spar  is  one  of 
its  purest  varieties. 

Cal'ce-I-form.  [Calcei for 'infs  ; 

from  cal' ceus,  a “ shoe.”]  Like  a shoe. 

C’al-cif'er-ous.  [Calcif 'ertis;  from 
calx,  “lime,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Containing  lime  or  carbonate  of  lime. 

Calcification.  See  Petri faction. 

Cal-cjg'e-nous.  [Calcig'enus;  from 
calx,  “lime,”  and  yewucj,  to  “generate.”] 
Applied  to  metals  which  with  oxygen 
form  a calx  or  earthy-looking  substance. 

€aI-c2-na/tion.  [Calcina'tio,  o 'nis. 
See  Calcine.]  The  application  of  heat 
to  saline,  metallic,  or  other  substances, 
to  deprive  them  of  moisture,  etc. 

Cal-ci-na'tns.-  Reduced  to  powder 
by  heat;  calcined.  See  Calcination. 

Cal'due.  [Cal'cino,  Calcina't uni ; 
from  ccdx,  cal'cis,  “lime.”]  To  burn  as 
lime;  to  reduce  to  a powder,  or  to  an 
oxide,  by  heat.  See  Calcination. 

Ualcanm,';i*  kal'she-um.  [From  calx, 
“lime.”]  The  metallic  base  of  lime. 

Cal'cu-15,-  the  plural  of  Calculus, 
which  see. 

fal-cu-lif'ra-gus/  [From  cal'cu- 
lus , and  f ran' go,  to  “break.”]  Breaking 
or  reducing  calculi:  calculif  'ragous.  See 
Lithotriptic.  As  a noun,  Calculif  'ra- 
< jus  forms  the  name  of  a surgical  instru- 
ment for  breaking  down  calculi  in  the 
bladder.  See  Lithotriptor. 

Cal'cu-lons.  [Calculo'sus  ? from 
cal' cuius .]  Of  the  nature  of  stone  or 
calculus.  Having  a calculus,  or  full  of 
calculi.  Applied  to  those  afflicted  with 
stone  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'cn-lns,*  plural  Calfc»n-Ii.  [The 
diminutive  of  calx,  “limestone,”  cr 
“chalk.”  See  Calx.]  Fr.  Calcul,  kirkiil', 
and  Pierre,  pe-aiu'.  A stone-like  con- 
cretion in  the  urinary  bladder,  kidney, 
gall-bladder,  intestines,  or  in  and  about 
the  joints. 

Urinary  Calculi,  commonly  called 
“stone,”  or  “gravel,”  vary  in  composi- 
tion according  to  the  diathesis  of  tho 


CAL 


CAL 


patient.  Sometimes  they  are  of  a red- 
dish or  brick  color,  consisting  usually 
of  lithate  of  ammonia,  or  of  crystals  of 
lithic  and  uric  acid.  At  others,  they 
are  white,  or  whitish,  and  are  for  the 
most  part  composed  of  the  phosphates 
of  magnesia  and  ammonia,  occasionally 
mixed  with  the  phosphate  of  lime.  Urate 
of  ammonia  and  oxalate  of  lime  some- 
times occur  in  a crystalline  form. 

Biliary  Calculi  ( Cal' cult  Bilio'si 
or  Bilia'rii)  are  usually  found  in  the 
gall-bladder,  and  are  then  termed  cystic ; 
sometimes  they  occur  in  the  substance 
of  the  liver,  in  which  case  they  are  called 
hepatic  calculi.  In  many  instances  they 
seem  to  be  little  more  than  bile  in  a 
concrete  state : many  of  them  are  com- 
posed chiefly  of  Cholesterin. 

Calculous  Concretions,  called  ar- 
thritic calculi  ( Cal'culi  arthrit'ici , Cal'  - 
culi  podag'rici,  or  Tuber' cnla  arthrit'ica ), 
are  found  in  the  ligaments,  and  within 
the  capsules  of  the  joints,  in  persons 
afflicted  with  the  gout.  These  are  for 
the  most  part  composed  of  uric  acid  and 
soda  combined  with  a small  portion  of 
animal  matter;  sometimes  of  urate  of 
lime. 

Calculi  found  in  the  intestines  of 
animals  are  called  Bezoars,  which  see. 

Cal-e-fa'cieait.  [Calefa'ciens;  from 
cal'idus,  “ warm,”  and  fa' cio,  to  “ make.”] 
Exciting  warmth ; making  warm.  Ap- 
plied to  medicines  or  external  applica- 
tions causing  a sense  of  warmth. 

Cal-e-fac'tioai.  [Calefac'tio, ©'ms/ 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  applying 
heat. 

Cal'en-tiire.  [Sp.  Cilentura,  k&- 
len-too'ra.]  A violent  fever,  attended 
with  delirium,  incident  to  persons  in  hot 
countries.  Under  its  influence  it  is  said 
that  sailors  imagine  the  sea  to  be  green 
fields,  and  will  throw  themselves  into  it 
if  not  restrained. 

Ca-li'g©,  g'inisS  [Fr.  Brouillard , 
broo'yaR'.]  Dimness  of  sight  sometimes 
coming  on  without  apparent  cause; 
blindness.  A genus  of  the  order  Dysses- 
thesise,  class  Locales , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Cali'g©  Cor'ne-ae.*  (“  Obscurity  of 
the  Cornea.”)  Dimness  of  sight  arising 
from  opacity  of  the  cornea,  or  some- 
times a mere  speck  on  the  cornea. 

Cali'g'©  Hii-iiio'ruaii.::  (“  Obscurity 
of  the  Humors.”)  Obscurity  of  vision, 
or  blindness,  arising  from  a defect  in 
the  humors  of  the  eye.  See  Glaucoma. 

Cali'g©  Len'tis.*  (“Obscurity  of 
the  Lens.”)  The  true  Cataract, which  see. 


Cal-i-sa'y?  Bark.  The  Cinchona 
Jlava. 

Cal-is-then 'ics.  [Calisthen ' ica and 
Calistlie'nia;  from  saXog,  “beautiful,” 
and  abivo;,  “strength.”]  An  exercise  for 
strengthening  the  body  and  giving  ease 
and  elegance  to  the  movements  of  the 
limbs. 

Callitrichaceae,*  kal'le-tre-ka'she-e. 
[From  kuAAoj,  “beauty,”  and  0pif,  gen. 
Tpixfa,  “hair.”]  A natural  order  or 
family  of  aquatic  plants.  By  some  they 
are  considered  allies  of  Urticacese,  by 
others,  Monocotyledons. 

Cal-los'I-ty.  [Callos'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  cal'lua .]  A preternatural  hardness 
in  the  skin  or  naturally  soft  parts. 

Cal 'lus.-  The  osseous  substance  de- 
posited between  the  divided  portions  of 
a fractured  bone.  Also,  unnatural  hard- 
ness or  induration  of  any  soft  part,  or  a 
thickening  of  the  cuticle,  caused  by 
pressure  or  friction. 

Calomel.  See  next  article. 

Ca-lom 'e-las,  a/100.*  [From  kol\6$, 
“beautiful,”  “good,”  and  p tAaj,  “black;” 
conjectured  to  have  been  so  named  be- 
cause it  was  good  for  black  bile.]  Calo- 
mel. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.) 
for  the  protochloride  or  mild  chloride  of 
mercury.  See  Hydrargyri  Chloridum 
Mite. 

Ca'lor.*  The  Latin  term  for  heat. 
Color  fervens  denotes  boiling  heat,  or 
212°  Fahr. ; Color  lenis,  gentle  heat,  be- 
tween 90°  and  100°  Fahr. 

Ca'lor  An-i-ma'lis.'*  Animal  ca- 
loric, or  animal  heat.  The  term  applied 
to  the  caloric  constantly  generated  in 
the  bodies  of  living  mammalia  and  birds, 
by  means  of  which  the  animal  is  kept  at 
nearly  a uniform  temperature.  That  of 
the  mammalia  varies  from  about  96°  to 
106°  or  107°, — the  Arctic  fox,  the  Arctic 
wolf,  and  the  whale  being  among  those 
that  have  the  highest  temperature.  The 
animal  heat  of  birds  ranges  somewhat 
higher  than  that  of  the  mammalia,  the 
temperature  of  several  species  being 
above  108°,  while  that  of  the  Arctic 
finch  ( Fringilla  Arctica ),  the  redbreast 
(Rubecnla),  and  some  others  is  said  to 
reach  111°. 

The  temperature  of  those  animals  even 
which  are  commonly  termed  cold-blood- 
ed, is  often  found  to  be  considerably  above 
that  of  the  surrounding  medium  ; among 
fishes,  the  most  highly  organized,  such 
as  the  tunnj^-fish  ( Thy  units)  and  the 
shark,  have  usually  the  warmest  blood. 

Ca'lor  Mor'di-cans.*  Literally,  a 
95 


CAL 


CAL 


“ biting  heat.”  A term  applied  to  a dan- 
gerous symptom  in  typhus,  in  which 
there  is  a biting  and  pungent  heat  upon 
the  skin,  leaving  a smarting  sensation 
on  the  fingers  for  several  minutes  after 
touching  it. 

Csa-lor'ic.  [Calor'icum ; from  ca'lor , 
“heat.”]  The  matter  or  cause  of  the 
sensation  of  heat ; igneous  fluid. 

Sensible  or  Free  Caloric  is  that 
which  produces  the  sensation  of  heat  or 
affects  the  thermometer. 

Insensible  or  Latent  Caloric,  for- 
merly supposed  to  be  in  a state  of  com- 
bination, is  that  which  passes  into  bodies 
during  a change  of  form.  Thus,  it  may 
pass  into  ice  at  32°,  changing  it  to  water, 
but  not  increasing  the  temperature  (it  has 
hence  been  termed  the  caloric  of  fluidity ), 
or  into  water  at  212°,  converting  it  to 
vapor  (and  termed,  in  consequence,  the 
caloric  of  evaporation ). 

Specific  Caloric  denotes  the  unequal 
quantities  of  caloric  required  by  the 
same  quantity  of  different  bodies  to  heat 
them  to  a given  temperature.  Thus,  if 
equal  weights  of  water  at  40°  and  mer- 
cury at  160°  be  mixed  together,  the  re- 
sulting temperature  is  45°,  showing  that, 
computing  by  weight,  water  has  twenty- 
three  times  as  great  a capacity  for  caloric 
as  mercury. 

Cal-a-ri^'I-ty.  [Calori^'itas,  a 'tis  ; 
from  ca'lor,  “heat.”]  The  faculty  of 
generating  the  heat  necessary  to  life, 
and  maintaining  the  proper  temperature 
of  the  body  in  all  situations. 

Cal-o-rif 'ic.  [Calorif 'icais ; from 
ca'lor,  and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  Heat- 
producing  ; heat-creating. 

Cal-o-rim'e-ter.  [Calorirn'etram ; 
from  ca'lor,  and  pcrpov,  a “measure.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
quantity  of  caloric  disengaged  from  any 
substance. 

Ca-lor-i-mo'tor,  ofr i*.  - [From  ca'lor, 
and  mo' tor,  a “mover.”]  An  electric 
apparatus  which  produces  by  its  dis- 
charge highly  elevated  temperatures. 

Cal-otVo-pis  ^i-gan-te'a.*  An 
asclepiadaceous  plant  introduced  from 
India  under  the  name  of  mudar,  or 
madar,  as  an  alterative  and  sudorific. 

Ca-lMin'I>a.*  [From  Colom'bo,  in 
Ceylon,  whence  the  drug  was  once  sup- 
posed to  be  derived.]  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  ||  for  the  root  of  Coc'culus 
palma'tus,  or  Menisper’ mum  jjalma' turn  : 
the  Colombo:  Radix  (Dub.  Ph.).  The 
name  is  often  written  Colomba.  See 
Columbo. 

96 


Cal-va'ri-a.*  [From  cal'veo,  “to  be 
bald.”]  That  portion  of  the  cranium 
above  the  orbits,  temples,  ears,  and  oc- 
cipital protuberance. 

Calvities,*  kal-vish'e-ez.  [From 
cal'vus,  “bald.”]  Want  or  loss  of  hair, 
particularly  on  the  sinciput ; baldness. 

Calx,*  gen.  C&l'cis.  The  heel. 

Calx,*  gen.  CaCcis.  [From  \a\i%,  a 
“small  stone,”  “rubbish.”]  Literally, 
“chalk,”  or  “limestone.”  The  Pharma- 
copoeia]. name  for  lime,  or  calcined  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Calx  Chlo-rX-na'ta.*  (“Chlorinated 
Lime.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for 
the  preparation  popularly  known  as 
chloride  of  lime.  See  Lime,  Chloride  of. 

Calx  Vi'\a.*  Quicklime. 

Calycantliaccae,*  kal-e-kan-tha'- 
she-e,  or  Cal-y-can'tlie-ae.*  [From 
Calycan' thus,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shiubs,  found 
in  Japan  and  North  America.  The 
flowers  have  an  aromatic  odor, 

Calyceracese,*  kal-e-se-ra'she-e.  A 
small  natural  order  of  exogenous  herba- 
ceous plants,  including  the  genus  Caly- 
cera. 

Calyces,*  kal'e-sez.  [The  plural  of 
ca'lyx,  a “cup.”]  Small,  membranous, 
cup-like  pouches,  which  invest  the  points 
of  the  papillae  of  the  kidney.  Their 
union  forms  the  infundibula . 

Caly-ci-flo'rse.*  [From  ca'lyx,  a 
“flower-cup,”  and  fos,  a “flower.”] 
Plants  which  have  their  flowers  fur- 
nished with  both  a calyx  and  a corolla, 
the  latter  consisting  of  distinct  petals 
and  their  stamens  perigynous. 

Cal'y-cl-flo'rate.  [Caly  ciflo'rns ; 
from  ca'lyx,  and  ffos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing the  stamens  inserted  into  the  calyx. 

Cal'y-ci-form.  [Calycifor'mis ; 
from  ca'lyx,  and  for'ma .]  Formed  like 
a calyx. 

Cal'y-cine.  [Calyci'ims ; from  ca'- 
lyx.]  Belonging  to  a calyx. 

Cal'y-coid.  [Calycoi'des ; from  ca'- 
lyx, and  fufos,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a 
calyx. 

C$-Iyc'ti-late.  [Calycula'tus;  from 

cafyc'ulu8.\  Having  cafyculi. 

Ca-lyc'u-lus,*  plural  Ca-lyc'n-Ii. 
[The  diminutive  of  ca'lyx .]  The  mem- 
branous margin  surrounding  the  apex 
of  a seed ; also,  a little  calyx  exterior  to 
a proper  one. 

Ca-lyp'tra,*  plural  Ca-Iyp'trie. 

[Gr.  Kn\viTTpa,  a “veil;”  from  koXvtttio,  tc 
“cover.”]  A membranous  covering  over 
the  antherse  in  mosses ; also,  the  proper 


CAL 


CAN 


covering  or  coat  of  the  seed,  which  falls 
off  spontaneously. 

Ca-lj^p-tra'tus.*  [From  calyp'tra , 
the  “veil  of  mosses.”]  Having  calyp- 
trse:  calyp'trate. 

Ca'Ijfx,*  plural  Cal'j^es.  [Gr. 
kjl\'>c,  a “covering,”  the  “cup  of  a flow- 
er.”] A membranous  cup  or  sac  sur- 
rounding one  or  two  of  the  papillae  of 
the  kidney.  See  Calyces.  Applied  in 
Botany  to  the  flower-cup,  or  empale- 
ments  which  cover  the  flower,  for  the 
most  part  green  and  surrounding  the 
corolla.  Also  the  Physiological  name 
of  the  very  vascular  capsule  enclosing 
the  vesicle,  or  yelk,  formed  of  the  three 
layers  of  the  ovarium. 

Cam'M-um.*  [Probably  from  cam'- 
bioy  to  “change.”]  A glutinous  fluid 
between  the  bark  and  alburnum  of  trees, 
supposed  by  some  physiologists  to  fur- 
nish the  material  out  of  which  the  new 
wood  is  formed. 

€am*bo'gi>a.$  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (British  Ph.)  of  gamboge  ( yam - 
boyia),  obtained  from  an  undetermined 
tree. 

Cam'e-ra,*  plural  Cam'e-rae.  [From 
Kaa toa,  an  “upper  gallery.”]  In  the 
plural,  the  anterior  and  posterior  cham- 
bers of  the  eye. 

Cam-pa'na.*  [From  Campa'nia,  in 
Italy,  where  they  were  first  used  in 
churches.]  A bell.  Applied  in  Che- 
mistry to  a dish  or  cover  shaped  like  a 
bell,  employed  in  making  sulphuric  acid. 

Cam  panacea  V*  kam-pa-na'she-us. 
[From  campa'na .]  Like  a bell.  Applie  l 
in  the  plural  feminine  (Campanacem, 
kam-pa-na'she-e)  to  an  order  in  Lin- 
naeus’s Natural  method:  campana'ceous. 

Cam^pan  l-forin.  [Caaipanifar  - 
mis;  fr  >m  campa'na , a “bell.”]  Formed 
like  a bell. 

Camp  aa  ill  acsse,*  kam-pan'u-la'- 
she-e,  or  Caixi-pan'n-lse.*  [From 
G impin' ula,  the  name  of  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  temper  ite  climates,  and 
prized  for  the  beauty  of  the  flowers. 

Cain~pan-u-la'cet>iis.  [Campami- 
la'ceus;  from  campanula , a “little 
bell;”  also  the  “bell-flower.”]  Having 
an  arrangement  as  in  the  Campanula. 
See  Campanulace,e. 

Cam-paa'a-late.  [Campamila'- 
tus;  fr  >m  campan'ula , a “little  bell.”] 
Like  a little  bell. 

CampeacSiy  Wood.  See  II.lma- 
Toxylum. 

Camphene,  or  Camphine,  kam- 

y* 


fen'.  [From  cam'phora.]  A substance 
procured  from  common  turpentine;  with 
an  equivalent  of  oxygen  it  forms  cam- 
phor; also  called  Cam'phogen  (t.e.  “pro- 
ducing camphor”). 

Cain'pho-ra.*  [Gr.  Ka/Mpo^pn,  “cam- 
phor.”] The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
“ a peculiar  concreto  substance  derived 
from  Camphora  ojfficinarum  and  purified 
by  sublimation”  (U.S.  Ph.,  18G0).  The 
effect  of  camphor  in  moderate  doses  is 
to  allay  nervous  irritation ; but  in  over- 
doses it  is  poisonous  and  may  produce 
death. 

Cam'phcra  Of-fi?-I-na'rum.:i:  The 

plant  which  yields  the  officinal  camphor. 

Cantu 'pho-rse  Flo'res.*  (“Flowers 
of  Camphor.”)  A name  sometimes  given 
to  sublimated  camphor. 

Cam 'plio- rate.  [Cam'phoras,adi8.] 
A combination  of  camphoric  acid  with  a 
base. 

Cam'ptio-rat-ed.  [Camphora'tus ; 

from  cam'phora .]  Having  camphor,  or 
combined  with  camphor. 

Cam-phor'ic.  [Camphor'icus ; 

from  cam'phoray  “camphor.”]  Belong- 
ing to  camphor.  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  camphor. 

Camp-Vin'e-goir  is  prepared  as  fol- 
lows. Steep  in  the  best  vinegar  for  a 
month  one  drachm  of  cayenne  pepper, 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  soy,  and  four  of 
walnut  ketchup,  six  anchovies  chopped, 
and  a small  clove  of  garlic  minced  fine. 
Shake  it  frequently,  strain  through  a 
tamis,  and  keep  it  well  corked  in  small 
bottles. 

Cam-py-lot'ro-pous.  [From  Kap - 
nv\og,  “curved,”  and  rpe nco,  to  “turn.”] 
A term  applied  to  the  ovule  of  plants, 
when  its  axis,  instead  of  remaining  rec- 
tilinear, is  curved  down  upon  itself,  the 
base  of  the  nucleus  still  continuing  to 
be  contiguous  to  the  hilum. 

Cam  wood.  A red  dye-wood,  prin- 
cipally obtained  from  the  vicinity  of 
Sierra  Leone. 

Ca-n&l'.  [From  cana'lis,  a “channel,” 
or  “pipe.”]  Applied  in  Anatomy  to  any 
passage  in  the  body. 

Canal  of  Fonta'na.  A minute  vas- 
cular canal  situated  within  the  ciliary 
ligament,  and  so  named  from  its  disco- 
verer. It  is  also  termed  the  ciliary 
canal. 

Canal  of  Petit  (peh-t&').  A trian- 
gular canal  situated  immediately  around 
the  circumference  of  the  crystalline  lens  : 
so  named  from  its  discoverer.  When 
distended  with  air  or  size-injection,  it 
97 


CAN 


CAN 


presents  a,  plaited  appearance,  and  has 
hence  been  called  by  the  French  canal 
godronne. 

Can-a-lic-u-la'tus.*  [From  cana- 
lic’ulus.\  Having  a little  canal  or 
channel:  channelled ; canalic'ulated. 

Can-a-lic'u-li,*  the  plural  of  €an> 
a-lic'u-lus.  The  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni to  some  large  lacunae  which  secrete 
mucus  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra. 

Can-a-lic'u-lus.*  [The  diminutive 
of  cana'lis.]  A small  channel  or  vessel. 

Ca-ma'lis,*  plural  Ca-na'Ies.  [From 
can'na , a " hollow  reed.”]  A canal,  or 
channel.  Applied  to  blood-vessels,  cavi- 
ties, etc.  See  Alveus. 

Cana'lis  Ar-te-ri-o'sus.*  ("  Ar- 
terial Canal.”)  A blood-vessel  which 
unites  the  pulmonary  artery  and  aorta 
in  the  foetus. 

Cana'lis  Ye-no'sus.*  ("Venous 
Canal.”)  A canal  which  conveys  the 
blood  from  the  venae  portae  of  the  liver 
to  the  ascending  vena  cava  in  the 
foetus. 

Can-cel-la 'tus.*  [From  cancel’ll .] 
Having,  a latticed  appearance : cancel- 
lated. 

Can-cel  'I  i,*  gen.  Cancello'rum. 

Lattices : minute  divisions  in  the  reticu- 
lated structure  of  bones. 

Can'cer,*  gen.  Cam'cri,  .or  Can'- 
cer-is.  A crab.  A genus  of  Crustacea 
Malacostraca. 

Cancer.*  [Literally,  a "crab,”  the 
turgid  veins  around  it  being  supposed 
to  resemble  a crab’s  claws.]  A painful 
scirrhous  tumor,  terminating  in  a fatal 
ulcer.  See  Carcinoma. 

Can'cer  As'ta-cus.*  The  craw -fish, 
affording  the  Lapilli  cancrorum,  or 
crabs’  eyes. 

Caa'cer Mun-di-to'rnnm.*  ("  Chim- 
ney-Sweeper’s Cancer.”)  See  Cancer 
Scroti. 

Can'cer  Pa-gu'rns.*  The  crab-fish, 
affording  the  Chelae  cancrorum , or  crabs’ 
claws. 

Can'cer  Scro'ti.*  ("Cancer  of  the 
Scrotum”),  called  also  Chimney-Sweep- 
er’s Cancer  ( Can’cer  Mundito’ rum).  A 
form  of  cancer  to  which  chimney-sweep- 
ers are  especially  exposed,  on  account 
of  the  irritating  effects  of  soot. 

Can'cri,*  gen.  Can-cro'rum.  The 
plural  of  can’cer,  a "crab.” 

Can'croid.  [Cancroi'des ; from 
can'cer,  and  eiiog,  a "form.”]  Resem- 
bling cancer. 

Cancroide,  koN°'kro'£d'.  The  French 
form  of  the  preceding  term. 

93 


Can-cro'rum  [see  Cancri]  Che'lae.* 
("  Crabs’  Claws.”)  The  claws  of  the 
Cancer  pagurus,  the  black-clawed,  or 
large,  edible  crab  : these,  when  prepared 
by  grinding,  constitute  the  prepared 
crabs’  claws  of  the  shops,  formerly  used 
to  correct  acidity  in  the  stomach  and 
bowels. 

Cancrorum  I^a-pil'li*  ("Crabs’ 
Stones”),  and  Cancro'rum  Oc'u-li* 

("  Crabs’  Eyes”),  are  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  the  preceding. 

Can'crum.*  Low  Latin  for  "can- 
ker.” It  appears  to  be  used  only  in  the 
following  phrase. 

Can'cruan  O'ris.*  ("Canker  of  the 
Mouth.”)  A deep,  foul,  fetid,  irregu- 
lar ulcer  inside  the  lips  and  cheeks : ottcii 
attended  with  a discharge  of  blood. 

Can'dle-Tree  Oil.  A solid  oil  ob- 
tained from  the  seed  of  the  Croton  sebife- 
rum,  or  Candle- tree,  a native  of  China. 
It  is  used  by  the  Chinese  for  making 
candles. 

Ca-nel'la.*  [From  can’na,  a "reed.”] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Dodecan- 
dria,  natural  order  Meliaceae.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the  bark  of 
Canella  alba;  the  Canellse  albae  cortex 
of  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

Canel'la  Al  ba.*  ("  White  Canella.”) 
The  laurel-leaved  canella,  yielding  a 
bark  somewhat  resembling  cinnamon. 

Ca-nic-u-la'ris.*  [From  canic’ula, 
a "little  dog,”  the  "dog-star.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  hottest  days  of  the  year,  the 
Di’es  canicula’ res,  or  dog-days. 

Can'ine.  [Cani'nus;  from  ca’nis, 
a "dog.”]  Belonging  to  the  dog. 

Canine  Appetite.  See  Bulimia. 

Canine  Madness.  See  Hydropho- 
bia. 

Can'iaie  Teeth.  [Ben'tesCani'ni 
or  Cuspida'ti.]  Eye-teeth;  the  four 
teeth  which  immediately  adjoin  the  in- 
cisors. 

Ca-ni'nus  Mus'cu-lus,*  or  Can'ine 
Mus'cle.  The  Levator  angnli  oris. 

Cani'nus  Ri'sus.*  ("  Canine  laugh.”) 
An  involuntary  or  spasmodic  contraction 
of  the  canine  muscle,  causing  what  is 
popularly  known  ns  a sardonic  laugh. 

Cani'nus  Spas'mus.*  The  Spasmus 
cynicus. 

Canities,*  ka-nish'e-ez.  [From  ca'- 
nii9,  "gray-haired.”]  Grayness  of  the 
hair. 

Can'na,  or  Can'na  Starch.  The 

fecula  prepared  from  the  rhizoma  of  an 
undetermined  species  of  canna,  and  used 
for  the  same  purpose  as  arrow-root- 


CAN 


CAP 


Cannal>inacese,*kan-na-be-na'she-e, 
or  Can-na-foin'e-se.*  [From  Can'nabis, 
“ hemp.”]  A natural  order  of  herbaceous 
plants,  including  the  hemp  and  hop, 
which  have  narcotic  and  intoxicating 
properties. 

Can'iia-bfaie.  [Cannabi'na ; from 
Can' nabis,  “hemp.”]  A resin  extracted 
from  the  Cannabis  Jndica. 

Can'na-bis.*  [Gr.  KawaStg.]  A Lin- 
nsean  genus  of  the  class  Dioecia,  natural 
order  Cannabinacete  (formerly  assigned 
to  Urticacese).  Hemp. 

Can'nabis  In'dI-ca.*  (“Indian 
Hemp.”)  A kind  of  hemp  well  known 
in  South  America,  Turkey,  Asia  Minor, 
India,  etc.,  the  leaves  of  which  furnish 
an  intoxicating  drug  called  Bhang,  or 
Bang,  or  Bangue,  among  the  Hindoos, 
Hashish  by  the  Arabs,  Maslach  by  the 
Turks,  and  among  the  Hottentots  Dacha. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  merely  a variety  of 
the  common  hemp,  or  Cannabis  sativa. 

Can'nabis  Sa-ti'va.*  (Fr.  Chanvre , 
shoNvr.)  The  systematic  name  of  com- 
mon hemp.  See  preceding  article. 

Can 'use,*  the  plural  of  Can’na , a 
“reed,”  forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
an  order  of  plants.  See  Zingiberace.e 
or  Marantace.e. 

Can'nel  Coal.  A bituminous  sub- 
stance which  yields  on  combustion  a 
bright  flame  without  smoke.  The  term 
is  probably  a corruption  of  candle  coal , 
in  allusion  to  its  illuminating  properties. 

Can 'mi- la.*  [The  diminutive  of 
can'na,  a “reed.”]  A tubular  surgical 
instrument,  introduced  by  means  of  a 
stilette  into  a cavity  or  tumor,  for  draw- 
ing off  fluid. 

Can-th&r'i-des.*  The  plural  of 
Cantharis,  which  see. 

Can-tbar'i-din.  [Cantfaaridi'na; 

from  can'tharis,  the  “Spanish  flv.”]  A 
peculiar  substance  in  Cantharides,  on 
which  their  vesicating  quality  depends. 

Can'tlia-ris,*  plural  Can-thar'i- 
des.  [From  KivOapo ;,  a “beetle”]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  |]  of  the  blistering- 
fly  ; the  Can’tharis  vesicato' ria ; called 
also  the  Mus'ca  Hispanio'la  (“Spanish 
fly”),  Lyt'ta  vesicato'  ria,  and  Mel'oe  vesi- 
cato' r ins. 

Cantharis  Vesieatoria.  See  pre- 
ceding article. 

Can-ttii'tis.*  [From  can’ thus.']  In- 
flammation of  one  or  both  canthi, 

Can'tlio-plas-ty.  [Cantboplas'- 
tia;  from  savdos,  the  “angle  of  the  eve,” 
and  TrX'io-crro,  to  “form.”]  The  operation 
of  transplanting  a portion  of  the  con- 


junctiva of  the  eyeball  to  the  external 
canthns  of  the  eyelids. 

Can' thus,*  plural  Can 'thi.  [Gr.  sav- 
0df.]  The  angle  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  eyelids;  the  internal  being  the 
greater,  the  external  the  lesser , canthns. 

Can 'ton’s  Phos'pho-rus.  A sub- 
stance made  by  exposing  calcined  oyster- 
shells  and  sulphur  to  a red  heat.  On 
exposure  to  the  air  it  acquires  the  pro- 
perty of  shining  in  the  dark. 

Canula.  See  Cannula. 

Caoutchouc,*  koo'chook,  or  kn-oo'- 
chook.  Elastic  gum,  or  India  rubber; 
Ihc  concrete  juice  of  the  Hserea  Caout- 
chouc, Jatropa  elastica,  Ficus  Jndica , 
and  Artocarpus  integrifolia. 

Caoutchoucin,  koo'choo-sin. 

[Caoutcliouci'na.]  The  principle  on 
which  the  properties  of  caoutchouc  de- 
pend. 

Cap.  = Ca’pe*  “take,”  or  Ca'piat , 
“let  him  take/* 

Ca  pers.  The  pickled  buds  of  the 
Cap' paris  spino'sa,  a low  shrub  growing 
out  of  the  joints  of  old  walls  and  the 
fissures  of  rocks  in  Southern  Europe  and 
in  Syria. 

Capillaire,  kft'p^riam'.  [From  Ca- 
pil'lus  Ven'eris,  “Venus’s  hair.”]  A 
syrup  made  with  sugar  or  honey  from 
the  fern  termed  Adian'tum  capil’lus  Ven'- 
eris (pop  ilarly  known  as  “Maiden’s- 
hair”).  The  name  is  also  sometimes 
given  to  other  syrups  made  in  imitation 
of  the  above.  Capillaire  is  employed  as 
a demulcent  in  couphs. 

Cap'il-la-r5r.  [Capilla'ris ; from 
capil'ius , “hair.”]  Resembling  a hair 
in  size.  Applied  to  the  minute  ramifica- 
tions of  arteries  terminating  on  the  sur- 
faces of  the  body,  etc., — in  other  words, 
to  the  vessels  which  intervene  between 
the  minute  arteries  and  veins;  often 
called  capillaries. 

Cap-al-lic'w-liis,*  plural  Cap-il-lie'- 

u-li.  [Diminutive  of  capil’lus,  the 
“hair.”]  Applied  in  Anatomy  to  the 
arterial  and  venous  radicles  pervading, 
more  minutely  than  the  capillaries,  the 
ultimate  elements  of  every  organ. 

Cap-il-li-fo'li-ous.  [Capillifo- 
lius;  from  capil'ius,  “hair,”  and fo'lium, 
a “leaf.”]  Having  hair-like  leaves. 

Ca-pil'If-forin.  [Capillifor'mis ; 
from  capil'ius,  “ hair.”]  Formed  like  hair. 

Ca-pis'trum.*  [From  ca'pio , to 
“take.”]  Literally,  a “bridle.”  The 
single  split-cloth  bandage;  so  called 
from  its  being  used  to  support  the  lower 
jaw  like  a bridle. 


99 


CAP 


CAP 


Cap'i-ta,*  gen.  Cap'i-tnm,  the  plu- 
ral of  Caput,  which  see. 

Cap'I-tal.  [i-apitii'lis:  from  ca'put, 
the  “head”  or  “life.”]  Belonging  to 
the  head  or  life, — and,  hence,  of  great  or 
vital  importance.  The  upper  part  of  an 
alembic.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
to  medicines  for  the  head, — Capita'lia 
medicamen'ta.  Also  applied  in  Surgery 
to  the  more  important  operations. 

€ap'i-tate.  [Capita' tus;  from  ca'- 
put , a “head.”]  Growing  in  heads;  a 
term  used  in  Botany. 

Capitellatus.  The  same  as  Capitu- 
late. 

Capi-tl-Iu'  vi-iini.*  [From  ca'put, 
the  “head,”  and  lu'o , to  “wash.”]  A 
bath  for  the  head. 

Cap'i-tis,*  the  genitive  of  Ca'put , the 
“head.” 

Ca-pit'u-Iate,  or  Ca-pit'u-Iat-ecI. 

[Capftula'tus.]  Having  a capitulum , 
or  knob  on  the  top. 

Ca-pit' ii-limn.*  [The  diminutive  of 
ca'put.]  A little  head,  or  knob.  A pro- 
tuberance of  bone  received  into  a hollow 
portion  of  another  bone.  A kind  of  in- 
florescence consisting  of  a number  of 
flowers  in  a globular  form  on  a common 
peduncle.  An  alembic. 

Capivi  Oil.  See  Copaiba. 

Cap' no-111  or.*  [From  Ktmvog, 

“smoke,”  and  pupa , “part;”  so  called 
from  its  being  one  of  the  ingredients  of 
smoke.]  A colorless,  transparent  liquid, 
— the  oily  ingredient  in  tar  which  can 
dissolve  caoutchouc.  It  occurs  along 
with  creasote  in  the  heavy  oil  of  tar. 

Capparidaceze,*kap-par-e-da'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  plants,  including  the 
Cap'paris  (caper).  They  have  all  a 
strong  pungent,  or  even  acrid,  taste, 
and  have  been  used  as  a substitute  for 
mustard.  Some  of  them  are  poisonous. 

Cap- pa-rid 'e-se,*  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
Cappakidace,*:. 

Cap'rate.  [Ca'pras,  a'tu?.]  A com- 
bination of  capric  acid  with  a base. 

Ca-pre'o-late,  Ca-pre'o-la-ry.  [Ca- 
preola'tus,  Capreola'ris;  from  ca- 
pre’olm , a “tendril.”]  Applied  to  the 
spermatic  vessels,  or  Vasa  capreolaria, 
from  their  twisted  appearance. 

Cap'rie  A^'id.  [From  cap'ra,  a 
“she-goat.”]  A volatile  acid,  a con- 
stituent of  butter  from  the  milk  of  the 
goat  or  cow. 

Cap'ri-dse.*  [From  ca'per , a “goat.”] 
A family  of  animals  of  which  the  goat 
is  the  type. 

100 


Cap-ri-fo'Ii-a,*  the  plural  of  Capri - 
f o' liwn , the  “honeysuckle,”  forming  the 
Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  order  of 
plants.  See  Caprifoliace^e. 

Caprifbliaceae,*  kap-re-fo-le-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Capri/o' Hum , the  “ honey- 
suckle.”] A natural  order  of  plants, 
comprising  the  honeysuckle,  elder  a id 
viburnum.  The  leaves  of  the  elder  are 
emetic  and  cathartic;  and  these  proper- 
ties are  possessed  in  some  degree  by 
most  of  the  genera  of  this  order. 

Cap'ro-ate.  [Cap'roati,  a'fi#.]  A 
combination  of  caproic  acid  with  a base. 

Ca^pro'ic  A$'id.  [Capro'icuni 
A$'idum;  probably  from  cap'ra , a 
“she-goat,”  the  milk  of  which  is  often 
used  in  making  butter.]  An  oily,  limpid 
liquid,  obtained  from  the  caproate  of 
baryta,  and  entering  into  the  constitu- 
tion of  butter. 

Cap'si-£in.  An  acrid,  soft  resin, 
obtained  by  digesting  the  alcoholic  ex- 
tract of  the  Capsicum  aumium  in  ether 
and  evaporating  the  etherial  solution. 

Cap'si-cwm.*  [From  Kdnro,  to  “de- 
vour,” to  “ bite.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Pentandria , natural  order  So- 
lanacesc.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
|[  of  the  capsules  and  seeds  of  Capsicum 
annuum , and  other  species  of  capsicum. 

Capsicum  is  a powerful  stimulant 
without  any  narcotic  effect.  Whether 
taken  into  the  stomach  or  applied  ex- 
ternally, it  causes  a decided  sense  of 
heat  or  burning;  but  its  influence  upon 
the  general  system  bears  no  proportion 
to  its  local  action.  Capsicum  is  chiefly 
used  in  medicine  as  a stomachic  and 
rubefacient. 

Capsicum  Aii'nii-tim.*  The  Cap- 
sicum, Cayenne,  or  Guinea-pepper  plant. 

Capsicum  Fru-tgs'$ens.*  The 

species  which  yields  the  capsules  mostly 
sold  as  Guinea  pepper  and  bird  pepper. 

Cap'sn-la.*  [Diminutive  of  cap'sa , 
a “box.”]  A capsule.  A membranous 
bag,  containing  some  part,  or  organ,  or 
the  extremities  of  bones  forming  a joint. 
A membranous  pericarp  which  splits  in 
a determinate  manner. 

Cap'su-lar  lagiMiienf.  [Liffa- 
men'tiiiu  Capsula'rc*.  ] A kind  of  liga- 
mentous bag  surrounding  every  movable 
articulation,  and  containing  the  synnriu. 

Capsule  of  Glisson.  See  Glisson, 
Capsule  of. 

Cap'sule,  Re'nal.  The  Renal  Cap- 
sules ( Cap’snlec  rena'les)  are  two  yellow- 
ish, triangular  and  flattene  1 bodies,  lying 
over  the  kidneys  in  the  foetus,  in  which 


CAP 


CAR 


they  are  as  large  as  the  kidneys  them- 
selves. In  the  adult  they  are  two  lobes. 
Called,  also,  supra-renal  capsules. 

Cap-su-lif 'er-ous.  [Capsulif'er- 

us;  from  cap' aula,  a “ capsule,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Containing  capsules. 

Cap-sai-li'tis,  i dU.*  [From  cajy'nula, 
a “ capsule.”]  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  eye. 

Ca'put,*  gen.  Cap'I-tis.  The  head, 
consisting  of  the  cranium,  or  skull,  and 
the  face.  Also  applied  to  any  prominent 
object  like  a head. 

Ca'put  Co'li.*  The  “head  of  the 
colon,” — that  is,  the  Caecum. 

C'a'psit  Gal-li-nagr'X-nis.*  The  IV- 
ru  monta'num,  or  prominent  fold  of  the 
lining  membrane  in  the  prostatic  portion 
of  the  urethra. 

Caramel,  ka'ra'mel'.  The  French 
name  for  sugar  partly  decomposed  by 
the  action  of  heat. 

Car'a-pace.  Applied  in  Zoology  to 
the  hard  covering  or  shell  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  of  the  Chelonia. 

C&r'a-way.  The  Carum  carni. 

Car'bo  Anima'lis.*  (“Animal  Char- 
coal.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  animal  charcoal  prepared  from 
bone.  See  Cakbon,  Animal. 

Car'bo  Iag'ni.*  (“Charcoal  of 
Wood.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
charcoal. 

Car'bon.  [Carbo'nium;  from 
car'bo,  a “coal.”]  The  basis  of  char- 
coal; also,  charcoal  itself.  Carbon  is 
found  pure  in  the  diamond. 

Car'bon,  An'X-nial.  Animal  char- 
coal, bone  charcoal,  and  ivory -black,  are 
names  applied  to  bones  calcined  or  con- 
verted into  charcoal  in  a close  vessel. 
Animal  charcoal  is  also  prepared  by  cal- 
cining dried  blood,  horns,  hoofs,  clip- 
pings of  hides,  etc.,  in  contact  with 
carbonate  of  potash,  and  washing  the 
calcined  mass  afterwards  with  water. 
Animal  charcoal  is  principally  used  to 
decolorize  vegetable  principles,  such  as 
gallic  acid,  quinia,  veratria,  etc. 

Oar'bon,  Min'e-ral.  A term  ap- 
plied to  charcoal  with  various  propor- 
tions of  earth  and  iron,  without  bitu- 
men. It  has  a silky  lustre,  and  the 
fibrous  texture  of  wood.  It  occurs 
stratified  with  various  kinds  of  coal. 

Car-bo-na'ceous.  [Carbona'ceus ; 
from  car'bo,  “coal,”  “carbon.”]  Of  the 
nature  of  carbon. 

Car'bo-nate.  [Carbo'nas,  a 'ft*/ 
from  the  same.]  A combination  of  car- 
bonic acid  with  a base. 


Car-bon'iic  A^'ld.  [Carbon'icum 

Acidiim;  from  car'bo,  “coal.”]  An 
acid  formed  in  the  burning  of  charcoal, 
and  very  abundant  in  nature,  composing 
0.44  of  the  weight  of  limestone,  marble, 
etc.  In  the  form  of  carbonic  acid  gaa 
it  constitutes  a small  proportion  of  atmo- 
spheric air.  It  is  often  found  in  mines, 
dry  wells,  etc.  When  unmixed  or  nearly 
so  (as  it  frequently  is  in  mines,  and  in 
ill-ventilated  rooms  where  charcoal  is 
burning),  breathing  it  proves  extremely 
deleterious,  and  often  fatal  to  animal  life. 
See  Choke-Damp,  and  Poisons. 

Carbon 'ic  Ox  file.  A colorless  gas, 
formed  when  carbon  is  burned  with  an 
imperfect  supply  of  oxygen. 

Car-bo-nif  'er-ons.  [Carbon  if 'cr- 
us? from  car'bo,  “coal,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Having  or  containing  coal. 

Car-bon-i-za'tikm.  [Carboniza'- 
tio,  o 'ni8;  from  car'bon.']  The  process 
of  converting  organic  substances  into 
charcoal. 

Car'bun-cle.  [Carbnn'cnlus;  the 

diminutive  of  car'bo,  “coal.”]  The  name 
of  a gem  of  a deep  bright-red  color. 
Applied  in  Surgery  to  an  inflammation 
of  a gangrenous  nature  attended  with  a 
severe  sense  of  burning.  The  same  a» 
Anthrax. 

Car'bu-ret.  [Carbnre'tum : from 
car'bon.]  The  combination  of  carbon 
with  another  substance. 

Car' bn- ret- ted.  [From  carbnre'tum , 
a “carburet.”]  Of  the  nature  of  a car- 
buret. 

Car'buretted  Hy'dro-gen.  A 

colorless,  inflammable  gas,  abundantly 
formed  in  nature  in  stagnant  pools, 
wherever  vegetables  are  undergoing  the 
process  of  putrefaction  : it  also  forms  the 
greater  part  of  the  gas  obtained  from  coal. 
Of  this  gas  there  are  two  kinds:  the  one 
termed  light  earburetted  hydrogen  is 
found  abundantly  in  some  coal-mines, 
where,  under  the  name  of  fire-damp,  it 
was  the  cause  of  those  terrible  explosions 
which  were  so  common  before  the  inven- 
tion of  the  safety-lamp  by  Davy.  The 
other  kind,  called  heavy  earburetted  hy- 
drogen or  olefiant  gas,  forms  the  essential 
part  of  the  gas  used  to  light  our  streets. 

Car-^a-no'ma,  n'tis  * [From  KapKivog, 
an  “eating  ulcer.”]  A name  for  cancer. 

Car-$fl-nom'a-toiis.  [Carcinom 'fe- 
tus; from  carcino'ma.]  Belonging  to 
carcinoma. 

Car-dam  i-ne  Pra-ten'sis.*  The 

cuckoo  flower,  which  yields  cardamine 
flowers;  the  Nastur'tium  aquat'icnm. 

101 


f5  AR 


CAR 


Car((a*mom„  [Carclamo'imim.] 

The  fruit  of  several  species  of  Elettaria 
and  Amomum,  the  capsules  of  which  fur- 
nish a warm  and  pleasant  aromatic. 

Car'di-a.*  [Gr.  Kapdia.]  The  heart; 
also  the  superior  opening  of  the  stomach. 

Car’di-ac.  [Cardi'acus ; from  car'- 
dia.]  Belonging  to  the  heart.  Applied 
to  the  superior  opening  of  the  stomach. 
Also  applied  to  invigorating  medicines. 

Car'di-ac  Plex'us.  [Plex'us  Car- 
di'acus.]  The  principal  cardiac  plexus 
is  situated  on  the  bifurcation  of  the 
trachea.  It  is  formed  by  the  meeting 
of  the  middle  and  inferior  cardiac  nerves. 
There  are  two  other  cardiac  plexuses, — 
the  one  termed  anterior , and  the  other 
posterior  — situated  respectively  before 
and  behind  the  ascending  aorta,  near 
its  origin. 

Car-di'a-g*ra.*  [From  Kapha,  and  aypa , 
a “seizure.”]  Pain  or  gout  of  the  heart. 

Car-di-al'gi-a.*  [From  Kapha,  the 
“heart,”  and  «A yog,  “pain.”]  An  uneasy 
or  painful  sensation  in  the  stomach; 
heart-burn : car'dialgy. 

Cardianastrojdie.  See  Ectopia 
Cordis. 

Car-di-ec'ta-sis.*  [From  Kapha,  the 
“heart,”  and  eKraaig,  “extension”  or 
“dilatation.”]  Dilatation  of  the  heart. 

Car'di-o-^ele.*  [From  Kapha,  and 
Kri\rj,  a “tumor.”]  The  protrusion  of  the 
heart  through  a wound  of  the  diaphragm. 

Cardi-o-dyn'i-a,*  [From  car'dia, 
and  dhvrj,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  heart. 
See  Cardiagra. 

Car-di-og ' in  us,*  or  Kar-dl-og'- 
mos.5  Another  term  for  cardialgia. 
Sometimes  applied  to  palpitation  of  the 
heart  and  to  Angi'na  pec' tori*. 

Car-di-o-pal'mus,*  [From  Kapha, 
the  “heart,”  and  iraXpLog,  “palpitation.”] 
See  Caroiotromus. 

Cardi-o-per-i-car-di'tis,  idis* 
[From  car'dia,  and  pericardi'tis.]  In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  pericardium. 
Cardiorhexis,*kar'de-o-rex'is.  [From 
Kapha,  the  “heart,”  and  a “break- 

ing” or  “laceration.”]  Rupture  of  the 
heart. 

Car-di-ot'ro-mus.*  [From  Kapha , 
the  “heart,”  and  rpdpog , a “trembling.”] 
Fluttering  of  the  heart. 

Car-di'tis.*  [From  Kapha,  the  “heart.”] 
Inflammation  of  the  heart.  A genus  of 
the  order  Phlegmasise,  class  Pyrexise,  of 
Cullen's  Nosology. 

Car 'do,*  gen.  Car'di-nis.  A hinere. 
Applied  in  Anatomy  to  the  articulation 
called  Qinglymus . 

102 


Caribean  Bark.  See  Bark,  Cari- 

BEAN. 

Car'I-ca  Pa-pa 'y  a.*  The  Papaw- 
tree ; the  milky  juice  of  which  contains 
an  abundance  of  fibrin  resembling  animal 
matter. 

Car'I-^se  Fruc'tus.*  The  preserved 
fruit  of  the  fig.  See  Ficus  Carica. 

Ca'ri-es.*  (Literally,  “rottenness.”) 
A disease  of  bones,  analogous  to  ulcera- 
tion of  the  soft  parts. 

Ca-ri'na.*  (Literally,  the  “keel  of  a 
ship.”)  Applied  in  Botany  to  the  lower 
pet'tl  ( f the  papilionaceous  corolla. 

Car  a-nate,  or  Car'I-nat-ed.  [Cari- 
na'tcis;  from  cari'na.']  Keel-shaped. 
Applied  to  leaves,  petals,  etc. 

Ca'ri-ous.  [Cario'sus;  from  ca'ries.] 
Having,  or  affected  with,  caries. 

Car-min 'a-tive.  [Carmintati'vus : 
fiom  car' men,  a “song”  or  “charm.”] 
Applied  to  medicines  which  assuage 
pain  and  relieve  flatulence. 

Car'mine.  A most  beautiful  color- 
ing matter  or  pigment,  prepared  from 
cochineal  combined  with  alumina  and 
the  oxide  of  tin ; also  called  Coccinel- 
lin. 

Carneae  Columnar.  See  Columns 

Carne^e. 

Car'ne-us.*  [From  ca'ro,  car'nis , 
“flesh,”  “fleshy.”]  Belonging  to  flesh: 
car'neous.  See  Carnosus. 

Car-ni-f ! i-ca' tion.  [Carnifica'  tio, 
o'nis;  from  ca'ro,  “flesh,”  and  fi'o,  to 
“become.”]  The  change  of  any  texture 
of  the  animal  body  into  flesh.  The  term 
has  been  applied  by  Laennec  to  a diseased 
condition  of  the  lungs  when  they  have 
become  converted  into  a substance  re- 
sembling muscular  flesh. 

Car-m-for'mis.*  [From  ca'ro , 

“flesh.”]  Resembling  flesh. 

Car-niv'o-ra.*  [From  ca'ro,  “flesh,” 
and  vo'ro,  to  “ devour.”]  A term  applied 
to  animals  which  feed  upon  flesh ; more 
especially  to  that  tribe  of  the  Mammalia, 
such  as  the  wolf,  lion,  etc.,  whose  teeth 
are  peculiarly  adapted  for  seizing  and 
destroying  living  animals. 

Car-niv'o-rous.  [Carnlv'orits ; 
from  the  same.]  Flesh -devouring,  or 
feeding  on  flesh. 

Car-no 'sms.*  [From  ca'ro , “flesh.”] 
Fleshy ; full  of  flesh  : car'nose.  Applied 
in  the  plural  to  an  order  of  Polypi. 

Ca'ro,*  gen.  Car'nis.  The  red  fibrous 
part,  or  belly,  of  muscles ; the  flesh.  Also 
the  soft  portion  of  fruits. 

Car-o-ll'na  Pink.  The  Spigelia 
Marilandica. 


CAR 


CAR 


Caroncnle,  k&'nW'kuP.  The  French 
term  for  Caruncula,  which  see. 

Ca-ro't^u*  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(Lond.  and  U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
the  carrot  (Dau'cus  caro'ta). 

Cay-rot'i-cus.*  [From  Kapoo,  to  “stu- 
pefy.”] Having  power  to  stupefy : ca- 
rot'id.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
(Carot'ica)  to  narcotics. 

Ca-rot'M.  [Caro'tis,  Id  is;  from 
icapou,  to  “stupefy.”]  Applied  to  an 
artery  on  each  side  of  the  neck,  carrying 
blood  to  the  head.  They  were  so  named 
from  an  idea  that  tying  them  would  pro- 
duce coma. 

Car'o-tin.  [Carot'inaa;  from  ca- 
ro'ta.]  A peculiar  crystalline  principle 
of  the  carrot,  or  Daucus  carota. 

Car' pal.  [Carpa'lis.]  Belonging 
to  the  carpus,  or  wrist. 

Car' pel.  [Carpel  li um,  or  Car- 
pel'lum:  from  Kapxog,  “fruit.”]  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  a simple  pistil,  or  to 
one  of  the  elements  of  a compound  pistil. 
—(Gray.) 

Car-pliol'o-gy.  [Carptiolo'gia; 

from  k dptbug,  “chaff,”  and  Xiyco,  to  “col- 
lect.”] The  movements  of  delirious  pa- 
tients in  searching  for  or  grasping  at 
imaginary  objects,  picking  the  bed- 
clothes, etc.:  floccilation.  It  is  consi- 
dered a very  unfavorable  symptom  in 
fevers. 

Car-pol'o-gy.  [Carpolo'gia;  from 
Kapxog,  “fruit,”  and  Xoyog,  a “discourse.”] 
A description  of  fruits  or  seeds  : that 
part  of  Botany  which  treats  of  the  fruits 
or  seeds  of  plants. 

Car-pot'i-eus.*  [From*a/>7rdf, “fruit,” 
“offspring.”]  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Carpot'ica ) to  an  order  of  Dr. 
Good’s  class  Genet  ica,  or  diseases  affect- 
ing impregnation : carpot'ic. 

Car'pns.*  [Gr.  >cap7r<%.]  The  Latin 
term  for  the  Wrist,  which  see. 

Car'ra-geen  Moss,  Car'ra-gheen 
Moss.  A species  of  moss,  or  sea-weed, 
found  on  the  rocks  and  shores  of  North- 
ern Europe,  and  in  Carragheen,  near 
Waterford,  Ireland. 

Car-ra-gee'nin.  The  name  given 
by  Dr.  Pereira  to  the  mucilaginous  mat- 
ter called  by  some  writers  vegetable  jelly , 
by  others  pectin. 

Carrara  '(kar-ra/rS,)  Wa'ter.  The 
name  of  a liquid  prepared  in  imitation 
of  the  qualities  of  certain  springs  of 
Carrara,  in  Italy,  famous  for  its  marble- 
quarries. 

Car'ron  Oil.  So  called  because  used 
at  the  Carron  Iron- Works,  in  Scotland. 


The  Linimentnm  Aquae  Catcis,  or  Lini- 
mentum  Calcis,  which  see. 

Car'tha-min,  Car'ttia-mine,  or 
Car'tham-ic  A^'id.  A red  coloring 
matter  obtained  from  safflower. 

Car'tha-mus  Tinc-to  rl-us.  The 
safflower,  or  bastard  saffron.  A plant 
of  the  order  Composite ; the  flowers  are 
used  by  dyers.  The  seeds  are  cathartic 
and  diuretic. 

far'tl-lage.  [Cartila'go,  inis.  As 
if  Ca  milage,  from  ca'ro,  “flesh,”  and 
a’ go,  to  “yield.”]  A pearly  white,  glis- 
tening, elastic,  uniform  substance,  ad- 
hering to  articular  surfaces  of  bones. 

far-ti-lag'i-nous,  or  Car-ti-la- 
gin'e-oiis.  [Cartiillug'iii'eus,  or  Car* 
tilagino'sus.]  Of  the  nature  of  car- 
tilage. Applied  in  Botany  to  leaves 
having  a hard  margin  of  different  sub- 
stance from  the  disk. 

C&r'n-i.*  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(British  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  the  Ca’rum 
ca : 'ui. 

Ca'rnmj  [From  the  Arabic  Carvi , 
or  Car  via. ] A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Peutandria,  natural  order  Umbelli- 
ferse.  Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  the  Carum 
carui. 

(arnm  Car'u-i.*  The  caraway 
plant. 

Ca-rnn'cn-la,^  plural  Ca- run 'eu- 

la*.  [Diminutive  of  ca'ro,  “flesh.”]  A 
little  fleshy  excrescence  : a car'uncle. 

Caruii'cula  Laeh-ry*ma'lis.::  [Fr. 
Caroncule  lacrymale,  kAr6NG'kiil'  l&'kre'- 
m&l'.]  The  small,  red  body  situated  in 
the  inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

Ca-riin'cu-He  Myr-ti-for'mes.* 
The  remnants  of  the  lacerated  hymen , 
two,  three,  or  four  in  number. 

Ca'rus.*  [Gr.  tedpog .]  A deep,  heavy 
sleep : lethargy. 

Caryophyllaceae,*  kar-e-of-il-la'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  plants,  in- 
cluding the  Dianthus , carnation,  and 
pink,  and  many  weeds.  Named  from 
Caryophyllus,  the  specific  name  of  the 
carnation  or  clove-pink. 

Cary  optiyl  lata. & [From  caryo- 
phyVlus,  the  “clove-tree.”]  See  Geum 
Urbanum. 

Car-y-o-pliyl'le-se.*  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  an  order  of  plants.  See  Cary- 
OPHYLL  ACE  AS. 

Car-y-o-ptiyl'lic  A^'mS.  [From  the 
same.]  Eugenic  acid ; clove  acid,  or 
heavy  oil  of  cloves ; one  of  the  two  oils 
composing  oil  of  cloves : the  other  is 
light  oil,  called  clove  hydro-carbon. 

103 


CAR 


Cftr-y-o-s>hy  I ' Iin . [From  the  same.] 
Clove  sub-resin  ; a crystalline  substance 
extracted  from  cloves  by  alcohol. 

Car-y-o-pliyl'lum.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Brit. 
Ph.)  for  the  unexpanded  flower  of  Cary- 
ophyllus  aromaficus.  See  Clove. 

Car-y-o-pliyl'lus.*  [From  Kapvov,  a 
“nut,”  and  (bvWor,  a “leaf,”  because  sup- 
posed to  be  the  leaf  of  the  Indian  nut 
plant.]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Polyanclria , natural  order  Myrtacese. 
Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  and 
U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  Clove,  which  see. 

Caryopliyl'lus  Ar-o-suat'i-cus.* 
The  systematic  name  of  the  clove-tree. 
Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Bub.  Ph.) 
for  the  clove.  See  Clove. 

Car-y-op'sis.*  [From  Kiprnv,  a “ nut,” 
and  oifiig,  an  “appearance.”]  In  Botany, 
a one-seeded  pericarp,  adhering  closely 
to  the  integument  of  the  seed,  as  in  oats, 
rice,  etc. 

Cas-ca^ril'la.*  [Diminutive  of  cas'- 
cara,  the  Spanish  word  for  “ bark.”] 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  |]  of  the  bark 
of  the  Or  o' ton  eleuthe'  ria. 

Cascarilla?  Cortex;5  (“Bark  of 
Cascarilla.”)  See  Cascarilla. 

Ca/se-in,  Ca'se*ine,  or  Ca'se-nm.5 
[From  ca'seus,  “cheese.”]  The  albumen 
of  milk ; the  curd  separated  from  milk 
by  the  addition  of  an  acid  or  rennet, 
constituting  the  basis  of  cheese  in  a state 
of  purity. 

Caseous,  ka'she-iis,  or  ka'se-us. 
[Caseo'sus;  from  ca'seus,  “cheese.”] 
Having,  or  full  of,  cheese : cheesy. 

Ca-sltew'-Tree.  The  Anacar'dium 
Occidenta'le,  a tree  belonging  to  the 
natural  order  Anacardiaceae,  found  in 
the  West  Indies.  It  produces  a kidney- 
shaped nut,  yielding  a caustic  oil,  which 
is  used  as  a marking-ink,  and  also  as  a 
remedy  for  warts,  etc. 

Cassava,*'  k&s-s&'vii.  A fecula  sepa- 
rated from  the  juice  of  the  root  of  the 
Janipha  Manihot , and  exposed  to  heat; 
a principal  article  of  diet  in  South 
America.  The  same  substance  differently 
prepared  and  granulated  constitutes 
tapioca. 

Casserian  (Ganglion).  See  GAS- 
SERIAN. 

Cassia,*  kash'e-a.  [Gr.  icaaia,  or  *aoma.] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Decandria , 
natural  order  Leguminosse.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (Brit.  Ph.)  of  the 
fruit  of  Cas’sia  fis'tula.  Several  spe- 
cies of  the  genus  Cassia — e.g.  C.  acuti- 
folia,  C.  clongata,  and  C.  obovata — 
104 


CAS 

produce  the  senna  of  commerce.  See 

Senna. 

Cas'sia  Fis'tu-la.*  The  purging  cas- 
sia-tree. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  the  Cassia  fistula. 

Cassia  Ugnea.  See  Laurtjs  Cassia. 

Cas'sia  Mar-i-lan'di-ca.*  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
leaves  of  Cassia  Marilandica , or  Ameri- 
can Senna. 

Cas'sia  Oil.  The  common  oil  of  cin- 
namon, procured  from  cassia. 

Cassise  (kash'e-e)  Pul'pa.*  (“Pulp 
of  Cassia.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  Cas'sia  Jis'tula. 

Cassius  (kash'e-us),  I*ur'ple  of.  A 
purple-colored  precipitate,  obtained  by 
mixing  the  proto-chloride  of  tin  with  a 
dilute  solution  of  gold. 

Cassonade  (Fr.),  kas’so’n&d'.  Raw 
sugar;  the  crystallized  and  dried  por- 
tion of  sugar. 

Cassytliaceae,*  kas-se-tha'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  parasitical 
plants,  consisting  of  one  genus,  the  Cas- 
sy'tha. 

Castaneje,*  kas-ta'ne-e,  the  plural 
of  Cas-ta'ni-a,  a “ chesnut.”  A name 
given  by  some  botanists  to  a natural 
order  including  the  chesnut,  oak,  etc. 
See  Cupulifer,e. 

Cas'tor.  Another  name  for  Casto- 
reum,  which  see. 

Cas'tor  Oil.  [O'lctiui  Rimini.] 

An  oil  extracted  from  the  seeds  of  the 
Ri(f  in  us  commu'nis ; one  of  the  most 
valuable  of  purgatives,  being  at  the  same 
time  mild  and  speedy  in  its  operation. 

Cas-to're-um.*  [From  cas'tor , the 
“beaver.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  || 
of  a peculiar  concrete  substance  obtained 
from  the  follicles  of  the  prepuce  of  the 
Castor  fiber,  or  beaver.  It  is  a moderate 
stimulant  and  antispasmodic. 

Cas-tor'I-dse.*  [From  cas'tor,  the 
“beaver.”]  A family  of  animals,  of 
which  the  Castor  is  the  type. 

Cas'to-rin,  or  Cas'to-rine.  [Cas- 
tori'na;  from  casto'reum .]  The  active 
matter  of  castoreum. 

Cas-tra'tion.  [Castra'tio,  o'nis; 
from  cas'tro,  castra'tum,  to  “cut  off,”  to 
“emasculate.”]  The  removal  of  a testi- 
cle, or  both  ; orchotomy ; emasculation. 
Applied  in  Botany  to  the  removal  of  the 
anthers  of  a flower. 

Cas-tren'sis.*  [From  cas'tra,  a 
“camp.”]  Applied  to  diseases  which 
soldiers  encamped  under  unhealthy  cir- 
cumstance.-; are  particularly  liable  to,  as 
Febri8  castrensis , “camp-fever.” 


CAS 


CAT 


€asuarinaceav*kas-u-ar-i-na'she-e. 
[From  Casuari'na,  the  name  of  one  of 
the  genera.]  A curious  natural  order 
of  exogenous  trees  without  leaves,  found 
in  Australia.  They  are  prized  for  their 
hard  and  heavy  timber. 

Cat.  = Cataplas'ma*  A “ cataplasm.” 

Ca'ta  (Kara).  A Greek  preposition 
signifying,  in  composition,  “ against,” 
“according  to,”  but  most  frequently 
“down,”  as  in  catarrh  (from  Karafpeio), 
literally,  a “flowing  down.”  It  is  often 
an  intensive,  as  in  Catacausis,  Cata- 
clysm, and  Catalepsy,  which  see.  Be- 
fore a vowel  and  before  h the  final  a is 
dropped.  See  Cation,  Cathode,  etc. 

Cat-a-cau 'sis.*  [From  KaraKaia),  to 
“burn  completely  up.”]  A term  denoting 
the  phenomenon  called  preternatural  or 
spontaneous  combustion. 

Cat'a-cly&m.  [Cataclys'mus;  from 
/caravAujw,  to  “inundate.”]  A deluge,  or 
inundation.  An  affusion. 

Cat-a-cous'ti-ca*  (for  pronunciation 
see  Acoustic).  [From  Kara,  “against,” 
and  aKOjoi,  to  “hear.”]  That  branch  of 
Acoustics  which  treats  of  reflected  sounds : 
catacous'tics. 

Cat'a-lep-sy.  [Catalep'sia,and  Cat- 
alep'sis;  from  KaraXapjdvw,  to  “seize.”] 
A total  suspension  of  sensibility  and 
voluntary  motion,  and,  for  the  most 
part,  of  mental  power,  the  action  of  the 
heart  and  lungs  continuing  : trance. 

Cat-a-lep'tic.  [Catalep'ticus.] 
Belonging  to  catalepsy. 

Ca-tal'y-sis.*  [From  KaraXvto,  to 
“dissolve.”]  A force  or  power  which 
decomposes  a compound  body  by  mere 
contact : thus,  peroxide  of  hydrogen  is 
decomposed  by  contact  with  platinum, 
which  is  termed,  in  consequence,  the 
catalytic  agent. 

Cat-a-lyt'ic,  Cat-a-lyt'i-cal.  [€a- 
talyt'icus.]  Belonging  to,  or  causing, 
Catalysis.  Sometimes  applied  to  a medi- 
cine supposed  to  destroy  a morbific 
agency  in  the  blood.  See  preceding 
article. 

Cat-a-me'Bii-a,*  gen.  Cat-a-me-ni- 
o'rum,  found  only  in  the  plural. 
[From  Kara,  “according  to,”  and  /m,  a 
“month.”]  The  monthly  discharge  from 
the  uterus;  otherwise  called  the  menses, 
menstrual  discharge,  or  courses,  etc.  See 
Menses. 

Cat-a-ption'i-ca.*  [From  Kara,  “a- 
gainst,”  a:id  ijxnsri,  “sound.”]  That 
branch  of  Acoustics  which  treats  of  the 
reflection  of  sound  : oataphon'ies. 

Ca-taph'o-ra.*  [From  Karafapopai, 
10 


to  “be  weighed  down,”  to  “fall  asleep.”] 
The  co'ma  somnolen' turn  of  many  writers  ; 
a variety  of  lethargy,  attended  with 
short  remissions,  or  intervals  of  imper- 
fect waking,  sensation,  and  speech. 

Cat/a-plasm.  [Cataplas'ma,  a tis; 
from  KaranXdootj,  to  “ overlay  with  plas- 
ter.”] A soft  application  or  poultice  of 
bread,  linseed-meal,  oat-meal,  etc.,  medi- 
cated or  not. 

Catapotium,*  kat-a-po'she-um. 
[From  Karamvui,  to  “drink,”  to  “gulp,” 
to  “swallow  down.”]  A pill  or  medicine 
to  be  swallowed  without  chewing. 
Written  also  Catapotinn . 

Cat ' a- r act.  [Catarac'ta;  from 
Karafpdaaca , to  “confound.”]  Obstructed 
sight,  produced  by  opacity  of  the  crys- 
talline lens  or  its  capsule. 

Ca-ta'ri-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  the 
Nep'eta  cata'ria,  or  catnep. 

Ca-tarrit'.  [Catar  'rhus ; from 
Kara(pkii),  to  “flow  down.”]  A common 
cold  in  the  head  or  chest ; also,  Influenza  ; 
likewise  the  mucous  fluid  poured  out  by 
the  bladder  under  disease  or  catarrh  of 
that  organ,  the  discharge  in  Leucori  hoea, 
or  catarrh  of  the  vagina. 

Ca-tarrh'al.  [Catarrlia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  catarrh. 

Cat-a-stagr'inus.*  [From  Kara , 
“down,”  and  ordCto,  to  “drop,”  to  “flow 
by  drops.”]  A term  applied  by  some 
medical  writers  to  a defluxion  from  the 
fauces,  etc.  The  same  as  Catarrh. 

Cat-a-stal'tic.  [Catastal'ticus ; 
from  KaraareXXu),  to  “restrain.”]  Having 
power  to  restrain,  check,  or  astringe. 
Applied  to  medicines  that  check  evacua- 
tions, as  astringent  and  styptic  sub- 
stances ; the  same  as  Anastaltic.  Ap- 
plied by  M.  Hall  to  the  action  of  the 
Vis  nervosa,  from  above  downwards. 

Catechu,  kat'e-ku.  [Said  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  Japanese  Kate,  a “tree,” 
and  chu,  “juice.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  for  an  extract  obtained  chiefly 
from  the  wood  of  Acacia  catechu.  The 
term  is  applied  to  a variety  of  astringent 
extracts,  which  are  imported  under  the 
names  of  terra  japonica  (Japan  earth), 
cutch,  and  yambir. 

€at-e-chu'ic  An  acid  (some- 

what resembling  gallic  acid)  obtained 
by  Buchner  from  catechu. 

Catli.  = Cathar'ticus.%  “Cathartic.” 

€ath-,*e-ret'ic,  or  Cath-e-ret'ic. 
[Catlueret'icus ; from  KaOatpcw,  to  “re- 
move.”] Mildly  caustic,  as  nitrate  of  silver. 

Ca-thar'sis.*  [From  Kadaipu,  to 
10  o 


CAT 


CAU 


“purge.”]  Purgation  of  the  excrements, 
medically  or  naturally. 

Ca-tliar'tic.  [Catliar'ticus ; from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  a medicine  which 
quickens  or  increases  evacuation  from 
the  intestines,  or  produces  purging. 

Ca-thar'tin.  [ ( atharti  na  : from 
KaOaifKo,  to  “purge.”]  A peculiar  princi- 
ple obtained  from  jalap  and  senna  leaves, 
on  which  their  purging  quality  depends. 

Ca-tliart©-car'pus  Fis'tu-la.* 
Another  name  for  the  tree  producing 
cassia.  See  Cassia  Fistula. 

Caili'e-ter.*  [Or.  KaOerrip:  from 
KaOifipt , to  “thrust  into.”]  A surgical 
instrument  like  a tube,  closed,  but  with 
several  small  perforations  towards  the 
extremity,  which  is  introduced  into  the 
bladder  through  the  urethra  for  the  pur- 
pose of  drawing  off  the  urine  in  cases  of 
retention,  etc. 

Cathe-ter-is'mus.*  [From  cath'- 
eter.]  The  operation  of  introducing  the 
catheter : cath'eterism. 

Cath'ode.  [From  Kara,  “down,”  and 
6(5<k,  a “way.”]  In  electro-chemical 
action,  that  part  of  the  decomposing 
body  which  the  electric  current  leaves. 

Catli-od'ic.  [Cathod'icus ; from 
Kara,  “downwards,”  and  'o6og,  a “way.”] 
Proceeding  downwards.  Applied  by  M. 
Hall  to  the  course  of  action  of  the  ner- 
vous influence.  See  Catastalticus. 

Ca-thul'i-con.*  [From  xaOoXiKog , 
“universal,”  “unchanging.”]  A pana- 
cea, or  universal  medicine. 

Ca'ti-©n.*  [G  r.  Kan  'iVy  the  present 
participle  of  varrt/n,  to  “go  down,”  to 
“descend.”]  Literally,  “descending,” 
or  “passing  down.”  A term  in  electro- 
chemical action  for  a body  that  passes 
to  the  cathode  of  the  decomposing  body. 

Cat'ltin.  The  same  as  Amentum, 
which  see. 

Cat'ling.  A double-edged,  sharp- 
pointed,  straight  knife  for  amputations. 

Catnep.  See  Cataria. 

Cat/o-clie,*  or  Cat '©-elms.*  [From 
Kart\cj,  to  “restrain,”  to  “retain,”  to 
“keep.”]  A kind  of  catalepsy  in  which 
the  body  is  kept  rigidly  in  an  erect  pos- 
ture. 

Cat-©i>'tric,  Cat-©p'trl-eal.  [Cat- 
©p'tricus ; from  KtxTonrpo v,  a “mirror.”] 
Belonging  to  a mirror,  or  to  Catoptrics. 

Cat-©p 'tries.  [Catop'trica;  from 
the  same.]  That  branch  of  Optics  which 
treats  of  the  reflection  of  light. 

Cat’s  Eye.  A mineral  brought  from 
Ceylon : so  called  from  a peculiar  play 
of  light  arising  from  white  fibres  inter- 
106 


spersed.  The  French  call  this  appear- 
ance chatoyant  (sh&'tw&'yoNG'). 

Cat’s  Furr.  A characteristic  sound 
of  the  chest,  heard  by  means  of  the 
stethoscope. 

Cat’s  Tail.  The  common  name  for 

the  Typha. 

Cau  da  E-qui'na.*  (“Horse-tail.”) 
The  termination  of  the  spinal  marrow, 
giving  off  a large  number  of  nerves, 
which,  when  unravelled,  resemble  a 
horse’s  tail. 

Cau 'dal.  [Cauda'lis;  from  can' da, 
a “tail.”]  Belonging  to  the  tail. 

Cau'date.  [Cauda'tus ; from  the 
same.]  Having  a tail. 

Cau'dex.*  The  trunk  of  a tree.  In 
Botany,  the  stem,  or  ascending  axis  of 
growth,  is  termed  caudex  ascendens ; the 
root,  or  descending  axis,  caudex  descen- 
dens. 

Cau-dic'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of  cau'- 
da , a “tail.”]  A prolongation  in  cer- 
tain plants  in  the  form  of  a filament, 
which  bears  the  masses  of  pollen : a 
cau'dicule,  or  cau'dicle. 

Caul.  The  epiploon,  or  omentum. 
Sometimes  applied  to  a portion  of  the 
amnion  which  occasionally  envelops  the 
child’s  head  at  birth. 

Cau-les'^ent.  [Caules'cens ; from 
cau' lis,  a “stem,”  and  - esco , a Latin  ter- 
mination signifying  to  “grow.”]  Grow- 
ing to  a stem. 

Cau-lic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  can'  - 
lis,  a “stem.”]  The  intermediary  part 
of  the  embryo  which  has  germinated 
between  the  cotyledons  and  the  root; 
a cau'licule,  or  cau'licle. 

Cau-li-fl©r©us.  [Caulifto'rus ; 
from  cau' lis,  a “stem,”  and  jios,  a “flow- 
er.”] Having  flowers  on  the  stem. 

Cau'll-fl©w-er  Ex-cr^s'^ence.  A 
disease  of  the  os  uteri,  supposed  by 
Gooch  to  be  encephalosis. 

Cau'li-f©rm.  [Caulifur'mis;  from 
cau' lis,  a “stem.”]  Formed  like  a stem. 

Cau'line.  [Cauli'nus;  from  can' lis, 
a “stem.”]  Belonging  to  a stalk  or 
stem.  Applied  to  leaves  which  arise 
directly  from  the  stem. 

Cau-l©-car'p©us.  [Caul©car'peus ; 
from  cau’ lis,  a “stem,”  and  napnog, 
“fruit.”]  Having  persistent  stems,  fre- 
quently bearing  fruit. 

Cau'ma, a tis*  [From  xa'uo, to  “ burn.”] 
The  burning  heat  of  fever. 

Caus'tic.  [Cans' tic  us;  from  xauo, 
to  “burn.”]  Possessing  causticity.  As 
a noun  (Lat.  f! axis' tiemn)  it  denotes  a 
substance  which,  by  its  chemical  proper- 


CAU 


CEL 


ties,  destroys  the  texture  of  organized 
bodies : such  are  the  pure  alkalies,  the 
concentrated  mineral  acids,  lunar  caustic, 
etc. 

Cans 'tic  Al'ka-li.  An  alkali  com- 
paratively pure,  or  one  which  has  not 
lost  its  caustic  properties  by  combination 
with  another  substance,  as,  for  example, 
with  carbonic  acid,  or  with  oil. 

Caustic,  Lunar.  See  Lunar  Caustic. 

Caustic  Potash.  See  Potassa. 

Caus-ti^'I-ty.  [Caustic'  itas,  a 'tin; 
from  caua'ticus.]  The  quality  which 
distinguishes  caustic  substances.  See 
Caustic. 

Caus'ti-cum  A-cer'ri-mum*  (the 
superlative  degree  of  n'cer,  “ sharp"). 
The  old  name  for  caustic  potash, — the 
strongest  common  caustic. 

Can's  us.*  [Gr.  Kavoog , a “ burning 
heat."]  A variety  of  malignant  remittent 
fever : so  named  on  account  of  its  ex- 
cessive heat.  It  has  been  termed  fe'bris 
ar'dens,  “ ardent"  or  “ burning  fever." 

Cau-ter-i-za'tion.  [Cauteriza'- 
tio,  o'nis.]  The  act  of  applying  the 
cautery. 

Cau'ter-^.  [Caute'rium ; from  xaiM, 
to  “burn,"  or  more  directly  from  Kavrri- 
ptov, a “ red-hot  iron"  or  “ branding-iron."] 
The  application  of  a caustic  substance, 
or  of  a hot  iron  ; also,  the  hot  iron  or 
substance  thus  applied. 

Cau'tery,  Ac'tu-al.  [Caute'rium 
Actua'le.]  The  employment  of  actual 
burning  ( i.e . heated  iron,  fire,  etc.)  for 
the  cure  or  removal  of  a diseased  part. 
See  Actual  Cautery. 

Cau'tery,  Po-ten'tial.  [Caute'ri- 
um Potentia'lis.]  The  application 
of  caustic  substances,  as  potassa,  lunar 
caustic,  etc. 

Cav'er-nous.  [Caverno'sus;  from 
caver' mi,  a “cavern."]  Having  cells  or 
caverns. 

Cav'ernous  Sinus.  A sinus  on  the 
base  of  the  cranium. 

Cawk.  A name  sometimes  given  to 
the  sulphate  of  barytes,  or  heavy  spar. 

Cayenne  (ka-yen')  Pep'per.  The 
ground  pods  and  seeds  of  the  Capsicum 
annuum;  Guinea  pepper. 

C.  C.  = Cucurbit' ula  Cruen'ta.*  A 
cupping-glass. 

C.  C.  = Cor' nu  Cer'vi.%  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  TIT.  = Cor'nu  Cer'vi  Us'tum.% 
Burnt  hartshorn. 

Ceanothus.  See  Red  Root. 

Cebadilla  (Sp.),  s&-Ba-neel'y&.  The 
seeds  of  the  Asagrea  officinalis,  a plant 
of  the  order  Melanthacese.  See  Veratria. 


Ce'cal.  [Caeca  lis.]  Belonging  to 

the  Caecum . See  C^ecal. 

Cecum.  See  Caecum. 

Cedrelaceae,*  sed-re-la'she-e.  An 
important  natural  order  of  trees  (includ- 
ing Cedrela  and  Mahogany)  found  in 
the  tropics  of  America  and  India.  In 
general  the  bark  is  a powerful  astrin- 
gent, and  the  wood  fragrant.  The  bark 
of  the  Cedre'la  too'na.  and  of  Mahogany 
is  febrifugal;  the  former  is  astringent, 
and  a tolerably  good  substitute  for  Peru- 
vian bark  in  intermittent  fevers. 

Ce'dron.  The  common  name  of  the 
Sima'ba  Ce'dron , a tree  growing  in 
South  and  Central  America.  The  seeds 
are  considered  to  be  a remedy  for  snake- 
bites and  other  animal  poisons.  The 
raspings  of  the  wood  have  been  used  in 
intermittents  as  a substitute  for  quinine. 

Celandine.  See  Chelidonium. 

Celastraceae,*  sel-as-tra'she-e. 
[From  Celas'trus , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  shrubs,  which  have 
acrid  properties,  sometimes  stimulant. 
The  Euonymus  (Spindle-Tree,  or  Burn- 
ing Bush)  is  an  example. 

Ce-las'trus.*  The  name  of  a genus 
of  plants  of  the  class  Pentandria,  natu- 
ral order  Celastracese . 

Celas'trus  Scan 'dens*  (the  “ Climb- 
ing Celastrus"),  sometimes  called  the 
Climbing  Staff-tree  and  False  Bitter- 
sweet. A climbing  shrub  common  in 
the  United  States:  the  bark  is  said  to 
possess  narcotic  as  well  as  emetic  and 
diaphoretic  properties. 

£e'le.*  [Gr.  Kri'Xrj.']  A word  formerly 
used  for  hernia ; now,  added  as  a suffix 
to  another  word,  it  signifies  a tumor 
caused  by  protrusion  of  some  soft  part 
or  parts  denoted  by  the  first  portion  of 
the  term,  as  Enterocele,  Epiplocele,  etc.; 
also,  swelling  of  a part,  as  Sarcocele ; 
or  its  enlargement  by  the  presence  of 
fluid,  as  Hydrocele. 

Cel'es-tine.  [From  cse’lum,  the 
“ sky."]  Sulphate  of  strontian ; so  named 
from  its  frequently  presenting  a blue 
color. 

Cell.  [Cel'la;  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  ce’/o.  to  “conceal."]  Lite- 
rally, a “ cellar"  or  “ cavity,"  hence, 
any  hollow  space.  In  Botany  the  term 
is  applied  to  the  cavity  or  cavities  of  a 
pericarp  in  which  the  seeds  are  lodged. 
According  to  the  number  of  these  cavi- 
ties, a pericarp  is  termed  one-celled,  two- 
celled,  etc.  It  also  denotes  the  cavity 
of  an  anther,  ovary,  etc.  In  Physiology, 
a cell  or  cellule  constitutes  the  origin  or 
107 


CEL 


CEN 


commencement  of  every  plant  and  ani- 
mal, and  the  elementary  form  of  every 
tissue.  In  fact,  the  entire  organized 
body,  whether  animal  or  vegetable,  may 
be  considered  to  be  made  up  of  a conge- 
ries of  cells,  each  set  having  its  own 
appropriate  endowment  or  function,  as 
nutrition,  secretion,  absorption,  etc. 

Cell-Nucleus.  See  Cytoblast. 

Cell-The'o-ry.  The  theory  or  pro- 
position that  there  exists  one  general 
principle  for  the  formation  of  all  organic 
productions, — i.e.  the  formation  of  cells; 
also,  the  conclusions  drawn  from  this 
proposition. 

Cell'u-lar.  [Cellula'ris;  from  cel'- 
lula.]  Having,  or  consisting  of,  cells. 
See  Cellular  Tissue. 

Cell'ular  Plants  [termed  in  Latin 
Cellula'res].  A name  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  cryptogamous  plants. 

Cell'ular  Tis  sue.  [Te'la  Celln- 
la'ris  ;ind  Te'la  Cellulo'sa;  Fr.  Tissu 
cellnlaire , t£'sii'  sel'u  lain'.]  Called  also 
Cell'ular  Mem  brane.  The  most  com- 
mon of  all  the  organic  tissues,  consti- 
tuting the  net-work  which  connects  the 
minute  parts  of  most  of  the  structures 
of  the  body.  It  has  also  been  called 
Are'olar  Tis'sue,  on  account  of  the 
areolse,  or  interstices,  with  which  it 
abounds.  See  Areolar. 

Cell' file.  [Cel Tula,  the  diminutive 
of  cel' la,  a “ cell/’]  A little  cell.  See  Cell. 

Cell'u-lose.  [From  cel'lula.]  The 
substance  of  which  the  cellular  tissue  of 
plants  is  chiefly  composed. 

Ce-lot'o-my.  [Celoto'mia;  from 
*07X77,  a “tumor,”  “hernia,”  and  tcix^io,  to 
“cut.”]  The  operation  for  hernia. 

Ce'ment.  [Csemen'tum.]  Any 
substance  used  for  cementing  together 
what  may  have  been  broken,  as  lute, 
solder,  etc.  Also,  a composition  by  which 
metals  are  changed.  See  Tooth. 

Cem-en-ta'tion.  [Csementa'tio, 
o'nin;  from  c semen' turn.]  A process  by 
which  metals  are  purified  or  changed  in 
their  qualities  by  heat  without  fusion, 
by  means  of  a composition,  called  a ce- 
ment, with  which  they  are  covered. 

£e-not  i-ca.*  [From  Ke-uoaig,  “evacu- 
ation.”] Morbid  [fluid]  evacuations  or 
discharges.  The  name  of  an  order  in 
Dr.  Good’s  class  Gexetica. 

Cen-tau'ri-i  Ca-cu 'nil- lift.*  The 
tops  of  the  Erythrsea  centaur ium / di- 
rected for  use  by  the  Colleges  of  London 
and  Edinburgh.  See  Erythraka. 

Cen-tan'rl-nm.*  [From  Ktvravpoq,  a 
v centaur.”]  The  Pharinacopceial  name 
10S 


(Ed.  Ph.)  of  Erythrsea  centaurinm,  the 
medicinal  properties  of  which  are  similar 
to  those  of  Gentian. 

Cen-tl-foTi-ous.  [Cen  tifo  Tins ; 
from  cen' turn,  a “hundred,”  and  folium, 
a “leaf.”]  Having  a hundred  leaves. 

Cen'tl-grade.  [Centig'radns ; 
from  cen' turn,  a “hundred,”  and  gra'dus, 
a “grade.”]  Having  a hundred  grades 
or  degrees.  Applied  to  a French  ther- 
mometer thus  divided. 

Centigramme,  sen'te-gram.  French 
pronunciation,  sdNG'te'gr&mm'.  [From 
cen' turn,  a “hundred,”  and  gram' mo,  a 
“ gramme.”]  The  hundredth  of  a gramme, 
equal  to  0.154  of  a grain  avoirdupois,  or 
one-sixth  of  a grain  troy. 

Centilitre,  soN'te-Utr'.  [Fr.  cent,  a 
“hundred,”  and  li'tre.]  The  one-hun- 
dredth part  of  a litre;  equal  to  0.6102 
of  an  English  cubic  inch. 

Centimetre,  sen-te-me'tr,  or  soN'te- 
metR'.  [Fr.  cent,  a “hundred,”  and 
metre.']  The  one-hundredth  part  of  a 
metre ; equal  to  0.394,  or  two-fifths,  of 
an  English  inch. 

Cen'ti-pede.  [Cen'tipes,  p 'edis  ; 
from  cen' turn,  a “hundred,”  and  pes,  a 
“foot.”]  Having  a hundred  feet,  or 
many  feet.  The  name  of  an  animal  (or 
insect)  having  many  feet. 

Cen 'trad.  [From  ad,  “to”  or  “to- 
wards,” and  cen'trum,  the  “centre.”] 
Applied  the  same  as  Central  used  ad- 
verbially. 

Cen'tral.  [CentraTis;  from  cen'- 
trum, the  “centre.”]  Applied  by  Dr. 
Barclay  to  the  body  and  organs  gene- 
rally, as  meaning  towards  the  centre. 

Cen'tre  of  Grav'i-ty.  That  point 
in  a body  about  which  all  the  parts 
exactly  balance  one  another,  so  that,  if 
that  point  be  supported,  every  part  would 
be  in  sequilibrio  and  the  whole  body  be 
at  rest. 

Cen'tres,  Ner'vous.  The  brain, 
spinal  cord,  and  sympathetic  ganglia. 

Cen-trif 'n-gal.  [Centrif ngus  ? 
from  cen'trum,  the  “centre,”  and  fu'gio, 
to  “fly.”]  Flying  from  the  centre. 

Centrif' ugal  Force.  That  force  by 
which  a body  moving  in  a circular  orbit, 
and  striving  (according  to  the  laws  of 
forces)  to  proceed  in  a straight  course, 
tends  to  fly  off  from  the  centre  in  a 
tangent  to  the  orbit. 

Cen-trip'e-tal.  [Centrip'etus ; 

from  cen’trum , the  “centre,”  and  pe'to, 
to  “seek.”]  Tending  towards  the 
centre. 

Centrip'etal  Force.  That  *Vrce  by 


CEN 


CEP 


which  a body  moving  round  another 
tends  or  is  impelled  to  the  centre. 

Cen-tro-stal'tic.  [Centrostal'ti- 
cun;  from  cen'trum,  the  “centre,”  and 
staViicus , “staltic.”]  ' Applied  by  M. 
Hall  to  the  action  of  the  Vis  nervosa  in 
the  spinal  centre. 

Cen'trum.*  [Gr.  KCvrpov ; from  kcv- 
tco),  to  “ prick”  or  “pierce.”]  Literally, 
a “centre.”  Applied  by  Owen,  in  Com- 
parative Anatomy,  to  the  homologues  of 
the  body  of  a vertebra. 

Cen'trum  Com-mu'ne.*  Literally, 
the  “common  centre”  [of  nerves  or  of 
ganglia].  The  solar  plexus. 

Centrum  Ovale  (of  Vicq  D’Azyr), 
See  Vicq  D’Azyr,  etc. 

Centruflu  Ovale*  (of  Vieussens). 
See  Vieussens,  etc. 

Cepli-a-e'lis.*  A Linnsean  genus  of 
the  class  Pentandria , natural  order  Cin- 
chonaeese. 

Cepliae'lis  Ip-e-cac-u-an'lia.*  The 

plant  from  which  ipecacuanha  is  obtained. 

£eph-a-l{e'a.*  [From  KC([,a\r}f  the 
“head.”]  A term  for  diseases  of  the  head. 

£eph'a-lse-ma-to'ma,*  or  Ceph'a- 
lo-lise-ma-to'ma.*  [From  xeipaXrj,  the 
“head,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”]  A san- 
guineous tumor,  sometimes  occurring  in 
new-born  children. 

£epli-a-lse'mi-a.*  [From  Ke<pa\rj,  the 
“ head,”  and  m/io,  “blood.”]  Congestion 
of  the  head  or  of  the  brain. 

£e-plial 'a-gra.*  [From  KedaXfi,  the 
“head,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”]  Chronic 
pain  of  the  head,  gouty  or  rheumatic. 

^eph-a-lal'gi-a.*  [From  xecpaXti,  the 
‘‘head,”  and  «A yog,  “pain.”]  Headache, 
or  pain  in  the  head : eeph'alalgy. 

Vc-plial'ic.  [Ceplial'icus;  from 
iceipah 7,  the  “head.”]  Belonging  to  the 
head. 

£epltal'ic  Vein.  The  anterior  vein 
of  the  arm : formerly  opened  in  disor- 
ders of  the  head. 

Cephalitis.  See  Encephalitis. 
£epli'a-lo-.  [From  K£<pa\fi, the  “head.”] 
This,  in  compound  names  of  muscles,  etc., 
denotes  connection  with  the  head. 

£eph'a-lo-dyn'i-a.*  [From  KzpaXr), 
the  “ head,”  and  devvr],  “pain.”]  Head- 
ache; pain  in  the  head. 

£eplial-©-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  xzpaXri, 
the  “head,”  and  yesemg,  “generation,” 
or  “creation.”]  The  doctrine  of  the 
formation  of  the  brain. 

£eph-a-log'  ra-pliy . [ Cephalo- 

gra'pliia;  from  xepaXri,  the  “head,”  and 
yp<i0w,  to  “^vrite.”]  A description  of 
heads. 

10* 


Cephaloh<Tiuatoma.  See  Ceph- 
alhematoma. 

£epli'a-loi<l.  [Ceplialoi'ries;  from 
KzpaXri,  the  “head.”]  Resembling  the 
head. 

£epli-a-lol'o-gy.  [Cephalolo'gia ; 

from  KCipaXt) , the  “head,”  and  Xoyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  head; 
the  science  of  the  head  considered  in  its 
anatomical  and  physiological  aspects. 

£eplt-a-lo'ma.'*  [From  icapaMj,  the 
“head.”]  A medullary  tumor;  a mor- 
bid product  resembling  brain,  sometimes 
called  encephaloid , or  cerebriform  tumor, 
medullary  sarcoma,  etc. 

£eph-a-Iom'e-ter.  [Cephalom'e- 
trtiin;  from  KecpaXtj,  the  “head,”  and 
ficrpoi /,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  ascertaining  the  size  of  the  foetal 
head  during  parturition. 

Vepha- lo- pliar-y  n -ga? ' us.*  [From 
KSijaXfi,  the  “head,”  and  </><ipy£,  the 
“pharynx.”]  A designation  of  the  cow- 
strictor  superior  pharynyis  muscle. 

Veph-a-lopli'o-ra.*  [From  KctaXrj,  tho 
“head,”  and </>rpco,  to  “ bear;”  because  sup- 
ported by  their  heads.]  See  Cepha- 
lopoda. 

€epfralop'o<la,  or  Cepli'alopods. 

See  Cephalopoous. 

Veplia-lop'o-dus.*  [From  KvcpaXfj, 
the  “head,”  and  novg,  a “foot.”]  Ceph- 
alop'odous.  Applied  in  the  neuter  plural 
{Cephalopoda , or  Ceph'alopods)  to  a 
class  of  Mollusca  in  which  the  strong 
fleshy  members  by  means  of  which  they 
crawl  proceed  from  the  head, — in  other 
words,  the  head  is  situated  between  the 
body  and  the  feet. 

Vepli  a-lot.*  [From  Kz:pa\rj,  tne 
“head.”]  Apeculiarfatfound  in  the  brain, 
containing  phosphorus  and  sulphur. 

£epha-l©-tii©'rax.*  [From  icscpaXfj, 
the  “head,”  and  6 pat,  the  “chest.”]  The 
first  segment  of  the  Arachmda  and  Crus- 
tacea, including  in  one  what  in  insects 
is  divided  into  head  and  thorax. 

^eph  a-lo-tome.  [Cephalofomus; 
from  KzcpaXri , the  “head,”  and  rep  ho,  to 
“cut.”]  An  instrument  for  cutting  or 
breaking  down  the  head  of  the  foetus. 
There  are  various  forms  and  adaptations 
of  it. 

^eplt-a-Iot'o-my.  [Cephalot©'- 
mia:  from  xxbaXfi,  the  “head,”  and  rep  u, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  head  ; also, 
the  cutting  or  breaking  down  of  the 
foetal  head. 

£eph'a-lo-trsl>e.*  [From  Kt&dXu, 
tbe  “head,”  and  rpt7> co,  to  “break  down.”] 
An  instrument  intended  to  supersede  the 
109 


CER 


CER 


crotchet  and  perforator  in  the  operation 
of  craniotomy. 

Ce'ra.*  [Gr.  tempos,  “wax;  Fr.  Cire , 
s£r.]  Wax.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Brit.  Ph.)  of  bleached  yellow  wax.  A 
membrane  covering  the  base  of  the  beak 
of  birds  in  which  the  nostrils  are  pierced. 

Ce  ra  Al'ba.;if  (“White  Wax.”)  Yel- 
low wax  bleached. 

Ce'ra  Fla'va.*  (“Yellow  Wax.”) 
Bees’- wax  in  its  natural  state;  “a  pecu- 
liar concrete  substance  prepared  by  Apis' 
mellijica ” (U.S.  Ph.). 

Ce-ra'ceous.  [Cera'ceus:  from 
ce'ra , “wax.”]  Of  the  appearance  or 
consistence  of  wax. 

Ceram  iaceae,*  se-ram-e-a'she-e. 

[From  Cera'mium , one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  cryptogam  jus  plants, 
consisting  of  sea-weeds  (AUfze).  It  in- 
cludes several  species  which  are  gelati- 
nous and  valuable  for  food.  Among 
these  are  the  Dulse  of  the  Scots,  and 
Carrageen  moss.  The  esculent  nests  of 
the  Chinese  swallow  are  supposed  to 
derive  their  value  from  a plant  of  this 
order. — (Ltndle  v.) 

Cerat,  sArA.  The  French  term  for 
Cerate.  See  Ceratum. 

Ce-ra'ta,*  the  plural  of  Ceratum, 
which  see. 

Cerate.  See  Ceratum. 

£er-a-ti'tis.*  [From  sepag,  a “horn.”] 
The  same  as  Cor.veitis,  which  see. 

£e-ra'ti>-.  [From  idpag,  a “ horn.”] 
A prefix  denoting  connection  with  the 
cornu  or  horn  of  the  hyoid  bone,  or  with 
the  cornea. 

£e-rat  o-braii'ebi-al.  [Cerato- 
brancliia'lis;  from  cera'to , and  fJpiy- 
Xia,  the  “ gills.”]  Applied  in  Comparative 
Anatomy  to  the  longer  bent  pieces,  sup- 
ported by  the  bones  which  form  the 
lower  extremities  of  the  branchial  arches 
in  fishes. 

£ e-rat 'o-^ele.*  [From  Ksnag,  a “ horn,” 
and  Kfj\r\y  a “tumor.”]  A hernia  of  the 
cornea. 

^e-rato-glos'sus.*  [From  cera'to , 
and  y\o7oa,  the  “tongue.”]  A name  for 
the  Hi/o-glossus  muscle,  from  its  appear- 
ance and  insertion  : ccrat'oglossal. 

£e-rat  o-hy'al.  [C’eratohya'lis; 
from  Ktp'.xg,  a “horn,”  and  hi/oi'des,  “hy- 
oid.”] Applied  by  Owen  to  the  lower 
and  iarger  of  the  two  principal  parts  of 
the  cornu  of  the  hyoid  bone. 

£$r'a-toiil.  [Ceratoides;  from 
sepag,  a “horn,”  and  eldug,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a horn. 

Oratoma.  See  Keratoma. 

110 


Ceratonyxis.  See  Keratonvxis. 
£eratoi>aiyIIacese,**  se-rat’o-fil-la'- 
she-e,  or  £e-rat  o-pliyl'le-se.*  A 

natural  order  of  plants,  consisting  of  one 
genus,  Ceratojjhyllum,  a weed  found  in 
ditches  and  constantly  submerged. 

£e-raf©-i>las'tl-ca.*  [From  sepag,  a 
“horn,”  and  nX.waio,  to  “form.”]  The 
artificial  formation  of  the  cornea:  cer'- 
atoplasty. 

£6r-a-4o'sus.*  [From  sepag,  a “horn.”] 
Having,  or  containing,  horn  : full  of  horn. 

£e-rat'o-tome.  [Ceraiot'oimis ; 
from  sepag , a “ horn,”  and  ren'U >,  to  “cut.”] 
A knife  for  dividing  the  cornea. 

£er-a-tot'o-my.  [Ceratoto'mia ; 
from  sepag , a “ horn,”  and  Tt/x^oj,  to  “cut.”] 
Cutting  of  the  cornea. 

€e-ra'tuni,*  plural  £e-ra'ta.  [From 
ce'ra , “wax.”]  Ce'rate.  A compound 
ointment  in  which  wax  predominates  as 
an  ingredient,  and  which  is,  therefore, 
of  a somewhat  firmer  consistency  than 
common  ointments.  Also  applied  to 
compounds  of  a similar  consistency, 
though  not  containing  wax. 

Cera  tum  A<l'i-pis.*  (“Cerate  of 
Lard.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.,  1860)  for  simple  cerate.  See 
Ceratum  Simplex. 

('era'tum  Caudhar'i-dis.^  (“Ce- 
rate of  Cantharides.”)  The  common 
blistering  plaster  (or  salve)  of  the  shops. 
It  is  composed  of  twelve  parts  of  pow- 
dered cantharides,  of  yellow  wax  and 
resin  each  seven  parts,  and  of  lard  ten 
parts. 

Ceratum  Pluan'bi  Sab-ac-e-ta- 

tis.*  (“  Cerate  of  Subacetate  of  Lead.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  what  is 
commonly  called  Goulard’s  Cerate, 
which  see. 

Cera'Uiin  Re-si' use.-*  (“Cerate  of 
Resin.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for 
what  is  popularly  known  as  Basilicon 
Ointment.  See  Basilicon. 

Cera'tiiin  Sim  ple\$  (“Simple  Ce- 
rate”) is  prepared  by  melting  together 
eight  parts  of  lard  and  four  of  white 
wax,  and  stirring  the  mixture  until  it  is 
cool.  Used  as  a mild  and  emollient  ap- 
plication to  inflamed  surfaces. 

Cerclinus,*  serk'nus.  [Gr.  sep\iog; 
from  Ktp\ o>,  to  “render  hoarse.”]  A noisy 
respiration  : wheezing. 

O're-al.  [Cerea  lls:  from  Ceres , the 
goddess  of  Corn.]  Pertaining  to  corn. 

Ce- r e-a ' 11-a. * [From  cerea'Hs , “be- 
longing to  Ceres."]  All  sorts  of  corn; 
of  which  bread  or  any  nutritious  sub- 
stance is  made. 


CER 


CES 


Ce're-a-lin.  [Cereali'na;  from 

Cere s,  the  goddess  of  Corn.]  The  nu- 
tritious principle  of  flour. 

Cer-e-l>el-li'tis.*  [From  cerebel'lum.'] 
Inflammation  of  the  cerebellum. 

Cer-e-bel'Iiun.*  [Diminutive  of 
cer'ebrum , the  “ brain. ”]  (Fr.  Cervelet, 
seuv'li'.)  The  little  brain,  situated  at 
the  lower  and  back  part  of  the  cranium. 
It  was  considered  by  Gall  to  be  the  scat 
of  venereal  desire;  but  this  view  is  con- 
tradicted by  many  facts. 

Cfcr’e-bral.  [Cerebra'Iis;  from 
cer'ebrum,  the  “ brain.”]  Belonging  to 
the  brain ; brain-like. 

€er-e'bric.  [Cereb'ricus ; from 
cer'ebrum,  the  “ brain.”]  Applied  to  a 
fatty  acid  existing  in  the  brain  in  com- 
bination with  soda. 

Cer-e'brI-forin.  [Cerebrifor'mis ; 
from  cer'ebrum,  the  “brain.”]  Like  the 
form  or  substance  of  the  brain  ; encepha- 
loid. 

Cer'e-brin,  or  C£r'e-briue.  [Cer- 
ebri'na;  from  cer'ebrum,  the  “brain.”] 
A reddish,  fatty  substance  found  in  the 
brain. 

Cer-e-bri'tis.*  [F  rom  cer'ebrum, 
the  “ brain.”]  Inflammation  of  the  brain. 
See  Encephalitis. 

C£r'e-bro-.  A prefix  in  compound 
terms  denoting  connection  with  the 
cerebrum. 

i’er'e-broid.  [Cerebroi'des;  from 
cer'<?6/Noa,the“brain.”]  Resembling  brain. 

Cer'e-brot.*  [From  cer'ebrum,  the 
“brain.”]  The  same  as  Cephalot. 

Ce r ' e-br  u in .*  [From  xapa,  the  “ head 
Fr.  Cervenu,  seR'vo',  and  Cervelle,  sen'- 
vell'.]  The  brain  proper,  occupying 
the  entire  upper  portion  of  the  cranium, 
and  separated  from  the  cerebellum  by 
the  tentorium.  It  is  divided  on  its  upper 
surface,  by  a deep  median  cleft,  into  two 
equal  portions,  called  hemispheres,  which 
are  united  at  the  base  by  a hard  body, 
called  the  corpus  callosum,  or  commissura 
matfii a.  The  lower  surface  of  the  cere- 
brum is  divided  into  three  lobes,  called 
anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 

The  brain  is  primarily  composed  of  two 
substances,  the  one  white,  medullary, 
and  fibrous,  constituting  the  interior 
portion,  the  other  gray,  or  cineritious, 
situated  chiefly  on  the  surface. 

('erevisia,;:  ser-e-vish'e-a.  [As  if  Ce- 
reris  vis  in  aqua,  the  “strength  of  corn 
in  water.”]  Any  liquor  brewed  from 
corn  ; ale  ; beer. 

Cerevis'ise  Fer-men'tum.*  (“Lea- 
ven or  Yeast  of  Beer.”)  Yeast,  or  barm. 


C$r'lc  A^'iil.  [From  ce'ra,  “ wax,”] 
An  acid  produced  by  the  action  of  the 
fixed  alkalies  on  wax. 

Ce'rin,  or  Ce'rlne.  [Ceri'na;  from 
ce'ra,  “ wax.”]  A component  of  common 
wax  which  dissolves  in  sixteen  times  its 
weight  of  boiling  alcohol,  and  has  pro- 
perties almost  exactly  the  same  as  those 
of  wax. 

Ce'rl-um.*  A white  metal  found  in 
a Swedish  mineral  called  cerite,  also  in 
allanite.  See  Tellurium. 

Cer'nu-ous.  [Cer  iums;  from  ce>'~ 
nuo,  to  “bow  downward.”]  Nodding, 
or  stooping. 

Ce-ro'ina.*  [From  *»?pos,  “wax.”] 
Another  name  for  Cerate.  Sometimes 
applied  to  an  adipose  tumor  of  the  brain, 
from  its  waxy  appearance;  called  also 
la rd a ceo us  d eyenera t i o u . 

C&r'u-Iin.  [Cseruli'na ; from  ere- 
ru’lus,  “blue.”]  The  name  given  to  the 
coloring  matter  of  a peculiar  substance 
obtained  from  indigo  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  acid. 

(!e*rii'men,$  gen.  Ce-ru'miii-is. 

[From  ce'ra , “wax.”]  Ear-wax.  The 
wax-like  secretion  of  the  ear  given  out 
by  follicles  of  the  inner  surface  of  the 
M eat  us  auditor  ins  extern  us. 

Ce-ru'nil-iious.  [Cerumino'sus ; 
from  ceru'men.}  Belonging  to  the  ceru- 
men ; of  the  nature  of  cerumen. 

Ce'riise,  or  Ce'russe.  [Cerus'sa; 
from  Khp,  a “plague,”  “death,”  or  “poi- 
son ;”  from  its  poisonous  qualities.]  The 
subcarbonate  of  lead ; white  lead. 

Cerveau,  Cervelle.  See  Cerebrum. 

Cervelet.  See  Cerebellum. 

Cer'vi-cal.  [Cervica’Iis;  from  cer'- 
v ix,  the  “neck.”]  Belonging  to  the  neck. 

Cer'vi-dse.*  [From  cer'vus,  a “stag.”] 
A family  of  animals  having  the  Cervus 
for  their  type. 

Cer'vix,  i'cis*  The  neck,  more 
particularly  the  back  part.  Also  applied 
to  those  parts  of  organs  that  are  nar- 
rowed like  a neck. 

Cervoise,  seR'vw&z'.  The  French 
term  for  beer.  See  Cerevisia. 

Cer'vus.*  [From  Kipag,  a “horn.”] 
A “stag.”  Also  the  name  of  a genus  of 
Ma  mma  lia  R u m in  anti  a. 

Cer'vus  Fl'e-phas.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  stag,  the  horns  of  which 
afford  some  valuable  medicines.  See 
Cornu. 

Ces'pi-tose.  [Cesjiito'sus;  from 
ces'pes,  ces'pitis,  a “turf.”]  Producing 
many  stems  from  one  root-  forming  a 
surface  of  turf  or  sod. 


Ill 


CET 


CHA 


Cetacea,*  se-ta'she-a,  or  Cetaceans, 

se-ta'shuns.  [From  ce'tus,  a “whale.”] 
An  order  of  Mammalia  living  in  the  sea, 
including  the  whale, dolphin, porpoise, etc. 
They  breathe  air,  have  warm  blood,  and 
can  remain  but  a limited  time  under  water. 
As  they  are  often  compelled  to  come  to 
the  surface  for  air,  to  facilitate  their  as- 
cent and  descent,  they  are  furnished  with 
a horizontal  tail-fin,  and  are  thus  ob- 
viously distinguished  from  the  true  fishes, 
in  which  the  tail-fin  is  vertical. 

Ce-ta'ceous.  [Ceta'ceus ; from 
ce'tus , a “whale.”]  Belonging  to  the 
whale;  of  the  nature  of  the  whale. 

Cetaceum,*  se-ta'she-um.  [From 
ce'tus , a “whale.”]  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  ||  of  spermaceti,  an  oily,  concrete, 
crystalline,  semi-transparent  matter  ob- 
tained from  several  species  of  whale, 
but  chiefly  the  Pliyse'ter  macroceph' alus. 

Ce'tic  A^'id.  A supposed  peculiar 
acid  resulting  from  the  saponification  of 
cetin,  found  to  be  only  a mixture  of 
margaric  acid  and  cetin. 

Ce'tin.  [Ceti'na;  from  ce'tus,  a 
“ whale.”]  Another  name  for  spermaceti. 

Ce-tra'rl-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  ||  of  the  Cetraria  Islanclica,  or  Ice- 
land moss. 

Cetra'ria  Is-lan'di-ca.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  Iceland  moss,  otherwise 
called  Lichen  Islandicus  and  Lichen  Ce- 
traria. 

Ce-tra'rin.  [Cetrari'na.]  The  bit- 
ter principle  of  the  Cetraria  Islandica. 

Ce-vad'ic  A^'id.  An  acid  produced 
by  the  saponification  of  the  oil  of  the 
Veratrum  Sabadilla  or  Cevadilla , some- 
times called  Sabadilic  acid. 

Ceylon  Moss.  See  Jafna  Moss. 

CliafF.  See  Pale  a. 

Cliailletiaceae,*  kll-le-te-a'she-e. 
[From  Chaille'tia , the  name  of  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  or  shrubs,  found  in  hot  climates. 

Clia-la'sis.*  The  name  given  by 
Sau vages  to  the  porcine  species  of  scrofula. 

dia-la'za.*  [Gr.  \a\a\a,  a “ hail- 
stone.”] A small  tumor  or  tubercle 
found  chiefly  on  the  eyelid.  See  Chala- 
zion. In  Botany,  applied  to  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  raphe , where  it  joins  the 
base  of  the  nucleus.  In  the  plural 
( Chalazse ) it  denotes  two  spiral  bodies, 
situated  one  at  each  end  of  the  egg,  the 
apex  of  each  adhering  to  the  yelk. 

dia-la'zl-on,*  dia-la'zl-um.* 
[From  the  same.]  A small,  transparent 
tubercle  on  the  edge  of  the  eyelid ; called 
also  Chalaza . 

112 


dia-la-zo'sis.*  [Gr.  yaAu^amj.]  The 
same  as  Chalaza  and  Chalazion. 

dial-can 'ilium.*  [From  *aA ko;, 
“brass,”  and  uvdos,  a “flower.”]  The 
“flowers  of  brass,”  or  the  sulphate  of 
zinc;  Pliny’s  term  for  copperas,  or  the 
sulphate  of  iron. 

dial-^ed'o-nous,  or  dial-^e-do'- 
nl-oiis.  [Clialced'onus,  dialcedon'- 
icus.]  Having  the  external  characters 
or  appearance  of  chalcedony. 

di£l-$ed'o-ny  (or  kal'se-do-ne). 
[From  Chalce'don,  a town  of  Asia  Minor 
where  it  was  originally  found.]  A sili- 
ceous stone,  much  used  in  jewelry. 

Clialeur,  sh&'luR'.  The  French  word 
for  “caloric”  or  “heat.”  See  Caloric. 

dialk.  chawk.  [Lat.  Cre'ta;  Fr. 
Craiey  knA]  Carbonate  of  lime ; whiten- 
ing. 

dialk.  Black.  Drawing-slate ; 
a bluish-black  clay,  containing  about 
twelve  per  cent,  of  carbon. 

Clialk,  Red.  A species  of  argillaceous 
iron  ore. 

€halk,  Span'isk.  Steatite,  or  soap- 
stone. 

€halk-Stone.  [Cal'culus  Arthrit'- 
icus,  or  Cal  culus  Poda^'ricus.]  A 

concretion  deposited  in  the  hands  and 
feet  of  those  afflicted  with  gout,  resem- 
bling chalk,  though  chemically  different; 
gout-stone.  They  consist  chiefly  of  uric 
acid  and  soda,  sometimes,  though  rarely, 
of  urate  of  lime. 

dia-ly  b'e-ate.  [Oialybea'tns ; 

from  \a\  >i//,  gen.  “iron”  or 

“steel.”]  Containing  iron ; impregnated 
with  iron. 

dialyfo'eate  Wa'ters.  Mineral 
waters  whose  predominating  or  active 
principle  is  iron.  There  are  two  kinds  : 
the  carbonated,  containing  carbonate  of 
the  protoxide  of  iron;  and  the  sulphu- 
rated, containing  sulphate  of  iron.  Some 
of  the  latter  contain  sulphate  of  alumina, 
and  are  called  aluminous  sulphated  cha- 
lybeates. 

diamaeese,*  ka-ma'she-e,  or  Ctia- 
niaceaus,  ka-ma'shans.  [From  cha'ma , 
a “clam.”]  A family  of  acephalous 
mollusks,  of  jyhich  the  common  clam  is 
the  type. 

dia-nue'le-on.*  A name  given  to 
certain  thistles,  from  the  variety  and 
uncertainty  of  their  colors,  like  the 
changing  hues  of  the  chameleon. 

dia-mie'le-on'I-dfe.*  [From  cha- 
meleon.]  A family  of  Reptiiia  Sauricy 
having  the  chameleon  for  its  type. 

dianifelianciaceae,*  ka-mo-le-an- 


CHA 


CHE 


se-a'she-e.  A natural  order  of  plants, 
allied  to  the  Myrtleblooms,  found  in 
Australia.  They  are  bushes  with  fra- 
grant leaves. 

Chani-se-me'liivii.*  [From  xatfia'i, 
“on  the  ground/’  and  pn\ov,  an  “ apple/’ 
so  named,  probably,  on  account  of  its 
globe-like  flowers,  or  perhaps  from  its 
fragrance  being  supposed  to  resemble 
that  of  apples.]  Literally,  “ground- 
apple/’  one  of  the  names  of  the  An' the- 
mis  nob'ilis,  or  chamomile. 

Chamseme'lum  Nob'I-le.^  The 
Anthemis  nobilis. 

Chambers  of  the  Eye-  See  Ca- 
mera. 

Claa-mele-on  Hin'e-ral.  A com- 
bination of  black  oxide  of  manganese 
and  potash,  which  gives  a green  color  to 
water,  passes  gradually  through  all  the 
shades  of  the  prism,  and  at  last  becomes 
colorless. 

Cham'o-vmle.  [See  Cham^emelum.] 
The  popular  name  for  the  An'themis 
nob'ilis.  An  infusion  of  the  flowers  of 
this  plant  forms  an  excellent  bitter  tonic. 

Cham-o-sniria  Ro-iiia'iia.*  An- 
other name  for  the  Anthemis  nobilis. 

Chancre,shank'er ; Fr.  pronunciation, 
shoxkR.  [A  French  corruption  of  the  Latin 
cancer.\  A sore  or  ulcer  arising  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  syphilitic  poison. 

Cliandoo'-  An  extract  of  opium 
prepared  by  the  Chinese  for  smoking. 

Change  of  Life.  In  popular  language, 
the  constitutional  disturbance  often  at- 
tending the  cessation  of  the  menstrual 
discharge  in  females. 

Elian v re.  See  Cannabis  Sativa. 

Chara«ese,i:  ka-ra'she-e.  [From 

Cha'ra , one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  cryptogamous,  aquatic  plants, 
remarkable  for  the  distinctness  with 
which  the  rotation  of  their  fluids  may  be 
seen  under  a microscope.  See  Chara 
Hispida. 

Char'ac-ters,  Chem'i-cal.  V arious 
systems  of  these  have  been  introduced, 
but  are  now  almost  entirely  discarded 
from  use.  Abbreviations  and  contrac- 
tions are  employed  instead.  See  Ap- 
pendix. 

Cha'ra  His'pa-da.*  A submersed, 
leafless,  aquatic  plant,  interesting  to  the 
physiologist  as  displaying  the  special 
circulation  in  plants,  and  as  being  analo- 
gous in  Botany  to  the  frog  in  Zoology. 

Char'coal  commonly  denotes  coal 
from  burnt  wood  (or  carbo  ligni ),  but  is 
often  used  indefinitely  for  the  residue  of 
any  animal  or  vegetable  and  of  many 


mineral  substances  when  heated  to  red* 
ness  in  close  vessels.  There  are  severa\ 
varieties  of  charcoal,  termed  gas-carbon, 
lamp-black,  wood-charcoal,  coke,  and 
ivory-black. 

Charpie  (Fr.),  shar-pee'.  A sub- 
stance composed  of  a collection  of  fila- 
ments separated  from  morsels  of  old 
linen  rag,  used  as  lint. 

Chartreux.  Pond  re  de,  poodR  d§h 
shaR’truh'.  See  Kermes  Mineral. 

(hay  Root,  or  Cha'ya  Root-  The 
root  of  the  Oldenlan' dia  umbel/a' ta , used 
for  giving  the  beautiful  red  of  the 
Madras  cottons. 

Cheek.  See  Bucca,  Gena,  Mala. 

Clieek '-Roaie.  The  Os  juga'le , Os 
ma'lfe,  or  Os  zygomat' icum. 

Cheese.  [Lat.  Ca'seus;  Fr.  Fromagef 
fro'm&zh'.]  A substance  prepared  from 
milk,  composed  chiefly  of  casein  mixed 
with  a small  but  variable  proportion  of 
oil  (butter).  See  Casein. 

Cheese  Ren 'net.  The  popular  name 
for  Galium  Verum,  which  see. 

tlieiloplastic,  ki-lo-plas'tik.  [Chei- 
loplas'ticns.]  Belonging  to  the  ope- 
ration of  cheiloplasty. 

Cheiloplasty,  ki'lo-plas-te.  [Chei- 
loplas'tice;  from  \ei\og,  the  “lip,”  and 
nXaaacj,  to  “form.”]  The  operation  of 
supplying  deficiencies  of  the  lips  by  ap- 
propriating a sufficient  portion  of  the 
neighboring  healthy  substance  to  that 
purpose. 

Cheiroptera.  See  Cheiropterus. 

Cheiropterus,*  kl-rop'ter-us. 

[From  \tip,  the  “hand,”  and  Trrspov,  a 
“wing.”]  Literally,  “hand-winged,” — 
that  is,  having  both  wings  and  hands. 
Applied  in  the  plural  neuter  (Cheirop'- 
tera ) to  a family  of  Mammalia  that  have 
a fold  of  skin  extending  from  the  neck 
between  their  fore-feet  and  toes,  enabling 
certain  of  them  to  fly,  as  the  bat-tribe: 
cheirop'terous. 

Che'la.*  [Gr.  ^Atf.]  A Latin  word 
signifying  “claw,”  but  found  in  the 
Roman  writers  only  in  the  plural,  Che'- 
lae.  It  is  applied  in  Natural  History 
especially  to  the  claws  of  the  crab,  lob- 
ster, and  other  Crustaceans. 

Chelae  Cancrorum.  See  Cancro- 
rum,  Lapilli  et  Chelae. 

Che-lf^'e-ra.*  [From  che'la , a 
“claw,”  and  sepag,  a “horn.”]  In  the  plu-* 
ral  ( Cheli^'erse)  applied  to  the  prehensile 
organs  of  certain  Arachnides . terminated 
by  two  fingers,  or  a single  one  resem- 
bling a hook  or  claw. 

Cliel-i-do'iii-iiiii.,*  [From  xcXtJjji/,  a 

113 


CHE 


" swallow,”  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides in  time  with  the  appearance  of  the 
swallow.]  The  Celandine  (sel'an-din), 
a genus  of  plants  belonging  to  the  Lin- 
naean  class  Polyandria,  natural  order 
Papaveracese. 

Chelido'nium  Ma'jus.:s  (The 
u Greater  Celandine.”)  An  herb,  the 
yellow  juice  of  which  has  been  employed 
as  an  escharotic  to  destroy  warts. 

Che-lif 'er-ous.  [Chelif  'erus;  from 
che'la,  a “claw,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing,  or  having,  claws,  or  pincers. 

Chel'I-form.  [Chelifor'mis;  from 
che'la,  a “claw.”]  Formed  like  a claw. 

Che'loid.  [Cheloi'des;  from  xsXuj, 
a “tortoise,”  and  £u5o$,  a “form.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a skin-disease ; resembling  the 
tortoise. 

Che-lo'ni-a.*  [From  XfXw//,  a “tor- 
toise.”] An  order  of  Reptilia,  including 
the  several  varieties  of  the  tortoise.  See 
Testudo. 

Chem'I-cal.  [Chem'icus;  from  che'- 
mia.\  Of,  or  belonging  to,  chemistry. 

Chem'is-try.  [Lat.  Che'mia,  Chi'- 
111  ia,  or  Chy'mia;  supposed  by  some 
to  be  derived  from  the  Greek  to 

“pour  out,”  or  to  “melt;”  others  derive 
it  from  the  Arabic.  Fr.  Chimie,  sh&'m6\] 
“The  science  which  investigates  the 
composition  of  natural  substances,  and 
the  permanent  changes  of  constitution 
which  their  mutual  actions  produce.” 

Clie-mo'sis,*  or  Chy-mo'sis.** 
[From  XY-to?,  a “humor,”  or  xhun,  an 
“aperture.”]  Inflammation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, with  lymph  or  blood  effused  in 
the  cellular  substance  connecting  it  with 
the  eyeball,  so  that  it  is  greatly  elevated 
and  the  cornea  seems  to  form  the  bottom 
of  a cavity. 

Chene  (Fr.),  shin.  See  Quercus. 
Chenopodiaeesc,*  ke-no-po-de-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Chenopo' diurn,  one  of  the 
genera.]  The  Atrip' lices  of  Jussieu,  a 
natural  order  of  plants,  comprising  spin- 
age,  beet,  and  many  weeds  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Che-no-po'dl-um.*  [From  xw,  a 
“goose,”  and  novs,  nodog,  a “foot.”]  A 
plant  called  Goosefoot,  belonging  to  the 
Linnman  class  Pentandria , natural  order 
Chenopodiaccse.  Several  species  of  this 
genus  possess  anthelmintic  properties. 

Chenopo'dium  An-thel-min'tf- 
cum.5  Wormseed;  a plant  growing  in 
different  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
seeds  are  given  in  powder,  as  a remedy 
for  worms,  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  tea- 
spoonfuls  to  a child  three  or  four  years 
114 


CHI 

old.  Of  the  oil,  the  dose  is  from  four  to 
eight  drops. 

Cher ' ry«Lau 'rel,  or  Cherry,  Bay. 

The  Pru'nus  laurocer'asus. 

Chevestre,  she-ves'tr  (Fr.  pronun- 
ciation, sheh-vetR').  [Lat.  Capis'trum , 
i.e.  a “ halter.”]  A double  roller  applied 
to  the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion of  the  lower  jaw. 

Chew  'mg’  Balls.  Masticatories  used 
in  farriery,  composed  of  the  wood  of  the 
bay  and  juniper  trees,  assafoetida,  liver 
of  antimony,  and  pellitory  of  Spain. 

Chewing;  the  Cud.  See  Rumination. 

Chi-as'ma,  atis.*  [From  xia^o,  to 
“make  the  letter  X.”]  Chi'asm.  The 
crossing  of  the  fibres  of  the  optic  nerve. 
See  Intricatura. 

Chiaster,*  ke-as'ter.  A bandage  for 
stopping  haemorrhage  from  the  temporal 
artery,  and  named  from  its  being  shaped 
like  a cross  or  the  Greek  letter  X (chi). 
Written  also  Ki  aster. 

ChicK'en  Pox.  The  popular  English 
name  for  Varicella. 

Chigre,  chig'ger,  Chigo,  chee'go. 
(Fr.  Chique,  sh£k.)  A small  sand-flea 
of  the  West  Indies,  which  insinuates 
itself  into  the  soft  and  tender  parts  of 
the  fingers  and  toes. 

Chil  blain.  [Per'nio,  o'ms.]  See 
Blain.  A painful  inflammatory  swell- 
ing on  the  fingers,  toes,  or  heels,  conse- 
quent on  exposure  to  severe  cold ; a kibe. 

Child-Bed  Fever.  See  Puerperal 
Fever. 

Chl-mapli 'I-la.*  [From  xa>a,  “win- 
ter,” and  to  “love.”]  The  Phar- 

macopoeial  name  for  the  Chimaph'ila 
corymbo' sa.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Decandria , natural  order  Pyrola- 
cese.  See  Pvrola. 

Chimaph'ila  Cor-ym-bo'sa,*  Chi- 
maph'ila IT m-bel-la ' ta.*  The  Pyr'ola 
umbella'ta,  or  American  winter-green. 

Chimie,  sh£'m6\  The  French  term 
for  Chemistry,  which  see. 

Chim'ney  - Sweep'er’s  Can  'cer. 
[Can'cer  Mundito'rum.]  See  Cancer 
Scroti. 

Chi'na  Glaze.  A preparation  for 
printing  blue  frit,  made  from  ten  parts 
of  glass,  two  parts  of  lead,  and  three  or 
more  of  blue  calx. 

China  Nova,*  Ke'nft  no'v&.  The 
name  given  in  Germany  to  the  red  bark 
known  in  France  as  Quinquina  nova  (or 
Quinquina  rouge);  it  is  the  produce  of 
the  Cinchona  oblongifolia.  It  is  very 
different  from  the  red  bark  of  English 
commerce,  though  they  have  been  con- 


CHI 


CHL 


founded  by  the  London  College. — (Hob- 
lyn.) 

Chinchilla,'*  kin-kee'na.  Cinchona, 
or  Peruvian  bark. 

Chinclioiia.  See  Cinchona. 

Chin-Cough.  See  Pertussis. 

Chi-nese'  Worm  wood.  The  Arte- 
misia Chinensis. 

Chi-noidin.  [Chinoidi'na : from 
chi' na,  “ Peruvian  bark,”  and  eifos,  “ like- 
ness.”] A substance  containing  a small 
portion  of  amorphous  quinine. 

ChPra-gra,*  orCflteir'a-g,ra.*  [From 
\zlp}  the  “hand,”  and  uypa,  a “seizure.”] 
Gout  in  the  joints  of  the  hand. 

Chi-ret'ta.*  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (U.S.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
and  root  of  the  Agathotes  chirayta , or 
Gentiana  Chirayta,  which  see. 

Chi-ro'nl-a.*  [From  Chi' ran,  the 
“centaur,”  fabled  to  have  been  a skilful 
physician.]  A Linnsean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria , natural  order  Gentiana- 
cese. 

Chiro'nia  Cen-tau'ri-um.*  An 

herb  called  the  Lesser  Centaury.  (Fr. 
Centaur ee petite , soNG'to'iA'  peh-tet'.)  The 
tops  ( Centau'rii  cacu'mina)  are  aromatic 
and  tonic. 

Chi-rur'geon.  See  Surgeon. 

Chi-rur'ger-y.  [Chirur'gia;  from 
Xdp,  the  “hand,”  and  epyou,  a “work.”] 
Literally,  a “manual  operation:”  hence, 
that  part  of  medicine  which  heals  with 
the  hand,  without,  however,  excluding 
other  remedies.  See  Surgery. 

Chl-rur'gi-cal.  [€hirnr'gicns ; 
from  chirur'gia.]  Belonging  to  sur- 
gery; surgical. 

Chi-rur'gus.*  [From  xeip,  the 
“hand,”  and  spyov,  a “work.”]  A sur- 
geon, or  chirurgeon. 

Chi-ti  'na.*  [From  \ir  'v,  a “doublet.”] 
The  hard  crust  forming  the  outward  in- 
tegument,— especially  the  elytra  of  cer- 
tain insects;  the  chitine. 

Chlsenacese,*  kle-na'she-e.  [From 
XKaiva,  a “ cloak,”  and,  hence,  an  “ involu- 
crum,”  all  plants  of  this  order  having 
involucra.]  A natural  order  of  exogen- 
ous trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  Madagas- 
car: many  of  them  have  showy  flowers. 
Sometimes  written  Chlenacese. 

Chlo-as'ma,  atis*  [From  ^Xo.^w,  to 
“ be  green.”]  A cutaneous  affection  ex- 
hibiting spots  and  patches  of  a yellow- 
ish-brown color,  sometimes  called  Mac' - 
ulse  hepat'icse  (“liver  spots”),  from  a 
supposition  that  they  are  caused  by 
disease  of  the  liver.  The  Pityriasis  versi- 
color of  Willan. 


Chlor-a-cet'ic  A remark- 

able acid,  in  which  the  three  atoms  of  the 
hydrogen  of  acetic  acid  are  replaced  by 
three  atoms  of  chlorine. 

Chlo'ral.  This  term,  derived  from 
the  first  syllable  of  the  words  chlorine 
and  alcohol , has  been  applied  by  Liebig 
to  a new  compound  of  chlorine,  carbon, 
and  oxygen,  prepared  by  the  mutual 
action  of  alcohol  and  chlorine. 

Chloranthaceae,*klo-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From  Chloran'thus , one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  plants,  found  in  the 
hot  parts  of  India  and  America.  They 
have  stimulating  properties  of  great  im- 
portance. The  root  of  Chloran'thus  offi- 
c iiia'lis  is  prized  in  Java  as  a remedy  for 
typhus  fever. 

Chlo  rate.  [Chlo'ras,  a 'tis;  from 
chlor'icum  ag'idum.]  A combination  of 
chloric  acid  with  a base. 

Chlo'ric.  [Chlo'ricus;  from  chlo'- 
rium , “chlorine.”]  Derived  from  chlo- 
rine; of  the  nature  of  chlorine. 

Chlo'ric  E'ther.  Under  this  name 
two  compounds  have  been  confounded. 
One  of  these  results  from  the  action  of 
chlorine  on  olefiant  gas,  and  is  generally 
known  as  the  oil  of  the  Dutch  chemists . 
The  other  is  obtained  by  passing  hydro- 
chloric acid  gas  into  alcohol  to  satura- 
tion and  distilling  the  product;  this  is 
generally  called  hydrochloric  ether. 

Clilo'ride.  [Chlo'ridum;  from 
chlo'rium.  Fr.  Chlorure,  klo'riiR'.]  A 
combination  of  chlorine  with  different 
substances. 

Chloride  of  Mercury.  See  II y- 

DRARGYRI  CHLORIDUM. 

Chlo'rine.  [Chlo'rium:  fromxXw- 
po?,  “green.”]  An  elementary  body,  for- 
merly called  oxy-muriatic  acid,  also  de- 
phlogisticated  marine  acid. 

Chlo-ri'o-date.  [Chlori'odas,  a 'tis; 
from  chloriod'icum  a^idum.]  A combina- 
tion of  chloriodic  acid  with  a base. 

Chlo-ri-od 'ic.  [Chloriod  ions; 

from  chlo'rium , “chlorine,”  and  iodin'- 
ium , “iodine.”]  Belonging  to  chlorine 
and  iodine.  Applied  to  an  acid  ob- 
tained from  this  compound. 

Chlo'ro-.  A prefix  in  compound 
terms,  meaning  that  chlorine  is  one  of 
the  components  of  the  substance  de- 
noted, or  is  employed  in  its  preparation. 

Chlo-ro-car-tooii'ie.  [Chlorocar- 
bon'icus;  from  chloro-,  and  carlo' - 
nium. ] Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from 
chlorine  and  carbon.  See  Phosgene 
Gas. 

Chlo'ro-form,  or  Chlo-ro-for'- 

115 


CHL 


CHO 


myle.  [Chlorofor'mum ; from  chlo'- 
rine,  and  for'myle .]  A colorless  volatile 
liquid  varying  in  specific  gravity  from 
1.45  to  1.49,  obtained  by  distilling  a 
mixture  of  chloride  of  lime  and  alcohol. 
It  is  a powerful  anaesthetic  agent.  It  is 
usually  administered  in  the  form  of 
vapor,  being  inhaled  into  the  lungs.  It 
is  sometimes  taken  into  the  stomach,  as 
an  anodyne  or  soporific,  in  which  case  a 
fluidrachm  is  equivalent  to  about  thirty  - 
five  drops  of  laudanum. 

dilo-ro-for'imnn  Ve-na'le.* 
(“  Commercial  Chloroform. ”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  ter- 
chloride  of  formyle.  See  preceding 
article. 

Chlo-rom'e-ter.  [€!iSoa*oaii'e- 

trum;  from  chlo'rium , and  psrpoi/,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  apparatus  for  esti- 
mating the  quantity  of  chlorine  in  com- 
bination with  water,  or  a base;  but 
especially  for  ascertaining  the  bleaching 
power  of  a solution  of  chlorine,  or  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  etc.  See  next  article. 

Clilo-rom'e-try,  or  Clilo-rim'e- 
try.  [From  the  same.]  The  process 
of  estimating  the  bleaching  power  of 
chloride  of  lime,  by  the  quantity  of  a 
solution  of  sulphate  of  indigo  which  a 
known  weight  of  chloride  can  discolor 
or  render  yellow. 

dilo'ro-pliyll,  written  also  Chlo- 
rophyll©. [From  xAcopd*,  “ green,” 
and  (/iwAAciy,  a “leaf.”]  The  green  color- 
ing matter  of  leaves. 

Chlo-ro'sis.*  [From  \\ojp6<;y  “green.”] 
A disease  peculiar  to  young  females 
under  retention  or  suppression  of  the 
menstrual  discharge;  green-sickness.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Adynamise,  class 
Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Chlo-rot'ic.  [Chlorot'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  chlorosis. 

Chlo'rous  A^j'icl.  The  peroxide  of 
chlorine,  because  approaching  to  an 
acid  in  its  nature. 

Chlor'u-ret.  [Chi  orure' turn;  from 

chlo'rium.  Fr.  Chlorure , klo'rviu'.]  A 
combination  of  chlorine  with  a metal,  or 
inflammable  body.  See  Chloride. 

Chl©r-y'«lric  A^'id.  The  name 
given  by  Thenard  to  muriatic,  now 
called  hydrochloric,  acid. 

Clioke'-I>;imp.  (Ger.  Damp/,  a “va- 
por.”) A name  applied  by  miners  to  all 
irrespirable  gases,  but  more  especially  to 
carbonic  acid  gas. 

•Cho-lse'ml-a.*  [From  \o\fi,  “bile,” 
and  alpa , “blood.”]  The  presence  of 
bile-pigment  in  the  blood:  cliole'my. 

116 


€hol  'a-gogue.  [Cholag©  'g-us  ? 

from  xoA>7,  “bile,”  and  aya>,  to  “lead 
or  carry  off.”]  Applied  to  a medicine 
which  has  the  property  of  increasing  the 
evacuation  of  bile. 

Cho'le.*  [Gr.  * 0A17.]  Bile.  See  Bilis. 

€ho'le-ate.  [Cho'leas,  a 'tin.]  A 
combination  of  choleic  acid  with  a base. 

Cho-le-sys-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From  cho- 
lecys'tis,  the  “gall-bladder.”]  Inflam- 
mation of  the  gall-bladder. 
Chol'edoch.  See  Choledochus. 

Cho-led'o-clms.*  [From  x<>M,  and 
Sexo/xat,  to  “receive.”]  (Fr.  ChoUdoque , 
ko'la'dok'.)  Receiving  gall  or  bile.  See 
Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 

Cho-le'ic.  [Chole'icus;  from  xoAi?, 
“bile.”]  Relating  to  bile.  Applied  to 
an  acid  obtained  from  bile. 

Cho-le'in.  [Cliolei'na;  from  xoAd, 
“bile.”]  The  peculiar  principle  of  bile. 

Cliol-e-pjr'rhin.  [Cholepyrrhi'- 
na;  from  xohh,  “bile,”  and  n-fpog,  “yel- 
low.”] A term  synonymous  with  Bili- 
phein. 

Chol'e-ra.*  [From  x<Aj7,  “bile,”  and 
pica,  to  “flow;”  or  *oA ag,  the  “intestines,” 
and  pica,  to  “flow.”]  A vomiting  and 
purging  of  bile  (this  is  true  at  least  re- 
specting European  Cholera),  with  painful 
griping,  and  spasm  of  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen  and  calves  of  the  legs,  etc. 
A genus  of  the  order  Spasmi , class  Neu- 
roses, of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Chol'era,  Asiat'ic.  [Chol'era  Asiat'- 
ica .]  A remarkable  epidemic  disease, 
consisting  in  a malignant  form  of  chol- 
era, in  which  all  the  symptoms  are  much 
more  severe  and  rapid  in  their  progress 
to  a too  generally  fatal  issue. 

Chol'era  Bilio'sa.*  (“  Bilious  Chol- 
era.”) Copious  and  frequent  vomiting, 
at  first  of  the  alimentary  and  fecal  mat- 
ters, with  redundancy  of  bile,  and  spasms 
of  the  legs  and  thighs.  This  is  nothing 
more  than  a form  or  variety  of  European 
Cholera. 

Chol'era,  Europe'an.  [Chol'era  Eh - 
ro^a?'a.]  A name  given  to  cholera  as  it 
usually  appears  in  Europe  when  not 
epidemic,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  epi- 
demic and  malignant  form  of  the  dis- 
ease known  as  Asiatic  Cholera. 

Chol'era  Infan'tum.*  (“Cholera  of 
Infants.”)  A name  applied  to  a disease 
common  among  children  in  the  United 
States  during  the  summer  months,  and 
hence  called  the  “ summer-complaint.” 
It  is  attended  with  vomiting  and  purging 
of  green  or  yellow  matter  often  mixed 
with  slime  or  blood. 


Clio 


CHO 


Chol'era  Mor'bits.*  A common  name 
of  non-epidemic  cholera.  See  Cholera, 
European. 

Chol-e-ra'ic.  [Cholera'icus.]  The 

same  as  Cholericus. 

Cho-l£r'I-cns.:i:'  (Fr.  Cholerique,  ko‘- 
H'rek'.)  Belonging  to  cholera.  Also, 
bilious. 

Chol'er-oid.  [Choleroi'des;  from 
chol'era,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resern- 
bling  cholera.  Applied  to  diseases  of 
this  character. 

Choler-o-pho'bi-a.*  [From  chol'- 
era, and  (pottos , “fear.”]  A dread  of 
cholera. 

Chol'er-o-i>ho'ne.-  [From  chol'era , 
and  0coi/>?,  the  “voice.”]  The  Vox  chol- 
er'ica,  or  faint  whispering  voice  of  chole- 
raic patients. 

Chole-ste-a-to'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
\oh i,  “bile,”  and  stcato'ma.]  A fatty 
tumor,  laminated  and  pearly,  principally 
composed  of  crystals  of  cholesterin. 

Chol-es-ter-aemi-a.*  [From  choles'- 
terin , and  alya,  “blood.”]  Applied  to  a 
morbid  excess  of  cholesterin  in  the  blood, 
resulting  from  non-excretion. 

Chol-es-t£r'ie  A^'id.  An  acid  formed 
by  the  action  of  nitric  acid  on  cholesterin. 

Cho-les'ter-in,  or  Cho-l£s'ter-ine. 
[Cholesteri'na:  from  \o\ri,  “bile,”  and 
cTcpeos,  “ firm,”  or  “ solid.”]  A pearl-like, 
fatty  substance,  of  which  human  biliary 
calculi  are  chiefly  composed. 

Chol'ic.  [Choi'icus;  from  xo\fj, 
“bile.”]  Belonging  to  bile;  bilious. 

Chol  ic  A$'ld.  [A^'idum  Chol'i- 
cum.]  A peculiar  acid  obtained  from  bile. 

Chol'I-nate.  [Chol'inas,  a'ik] 
Cholinic  acid  combined  with  a base. 

Cho-lin'ic  A$'id.  [A^'idum  Cho- 
lin'icnm.]  A peculiar  substance  ob- 
tained from  bile. 

Chololic.  See  Cholic. 

Chol-o-lith'ic.  [Chololith'icns; 
from  cholol'ithus.]  Belonging  to  a gall- 
stone. 

Cho-lol 'I- thus.*  [From  *0X17,  “bile,” 
and  \i8og,  a “stone.”]  A gall-stone,  or 
biliary  calculus. 

Cho-lo'sis.*  [From  %oX'-.  “bile.”] 
In  the  plural  ( Cholo'ses ),  biliary  dis- 
eases. 

Chon-dral'gi-a.*  [From  x°vfy°s, 
“ cartilage,”  and  aXyog , “pain.”]  Pain 
(rheumatic,  arthritic,  or  inflammatory) 
of  the  cartilages. 

Chon 'drill,  orChon'drine.  [Chon- 
dri'na;  from  x^pog,  “cartilage.”]  Ge- 
latin obtained  from  the  permanent  car- 
tilages, cornea,  etc.  See  Chondrogen. 

11 


Chon'dro-g-en.  [From  \6vipog,  “car- 
tilage,” and  yewao),  to  “produce.”]  Tho 
base  of  true  cartilage  and  of  the  cornea. 
By  boiling  it  is  resolved  into  Chondrin. 

Clion-dro-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  tho 
same.]  The  formation  of  cartilage. 

Chon-dro-glos'sns.*  A small  mus- 
cle, or  rather  fasciculus  of  muscular 
fibres,  running  from  the  cartilage  of  the 
os  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  may  be 
considered  as  a part  of  the  hyoc/lossus. 

Chon-d  rog ' ra-pliy . [Cliondro- 
gra  phia;  from  xordpog,  “cartilage,”  and 
ypdpoj,  to  “write.”]  A history  or  de- 
scription of  the  cartilages. 

Chon'droid.  [Chondroi'des;  from 
Xoudpo;,  “cartilage,”  and  eitog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  cartilage. 

Chon-drol  o-gy.  [Chondrolo'gia ; 
from  xovtpoz,  “cartilage,”  and  Aoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  A dissertation  on  the  na- 
ture and  structure  of  cartilages;  the 
science  of  cartilages. 

Chon-dro'ma,  a th*  [From  xw&pog, 
“cartilage.”]  A cartilaginous  growth. 

ChoiMlrop-te-rygi-iis.;i:  [From 

X^vdfMg,  “cartilage,”  and  nrcpvyiov,  a “lit- 
tlewing.”] “Cartilage-finned.”  Applied 
in  the  plural  masculine  ( Chondropte - 
ryg'ii)  to  a tribe  or  series  of  fishes. 

Chondros.  See  Cartilage. 

Chon -dro 'sis.*  The  progress  of 
Chondroma.  The  formation  of  carti- 
lage. 

Chon -d  rot 'o-my.  [Chondroto'- 

mia;  from  xo^pog,  “cartilage,”  and 
repo’ to,  to  “cut.”]  Dissection  or  division 
of  cartilage. 

Chon'drns  Cr  sp'ns.*  Carrageen, 
or  Irish  moss.  A plant  belonging  to  the 
natural  order  Alyacese. 

Chor  da.-  [Gr.  x°pto,  an  “intestine,” 
a “chord.”]  A chord;  originally  the 
string  of  a harp  : hence,  any  string ; a 
sinew,  or  nerve.  Applied  in  Geometry 
to  a right  line  extending  from  one  ex- 
tremity of  an  arch  to  another. 

Chor'da  Mag'na.*  (The  “Great 
Cord,  or  Sinew.”)  The  Tend-o  Achilli*. 

Chor'da  Tym'pan-i.*  (The  “Cord 
of  the  Tympanum.”)  A branch  of  tlie 
seventh  pair  of  nerves. 

Chor'da  Ven-tric'u-li.*  (“Nerve 
of  the  Stomach.”)  A designation  of  the 
gastric  plexus  of  the  par  vagvni. 

Chor'dse  Ten-din  'e-ae.*  (“Ten- 
dinous Cords.”)  Attachments  connect- 
ing the  Carnese  colnmnse  of  the  ventricles 
to  the  auricular  valves  of  the  heart. 

Chor'da?  Vo-ca'Ies.*  (“Vocal 
Chords.”)  The  thyro-arytenoid  liga- 
117 


CHO 


CHK 


merits  of  the  larynx,  or  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis : so  named  be- 
cause they  were  supposed  to  produce  the 
voice. 

CJiorilse  Wiilisii.  See  Willis, 
Chords  of. 

Cfior-dap'sus.*  [From  \opdi 7,  “in- 
testine,” and  anrco,  to  “bind,”  to  “seize,” 
to  “attack.”]  A kind  of  violent  spas- 
modic cholic,  in  which  the  large  in- 
testines seem  as  it  were  twisted  into 
knots. 

-€Si»r-dee'.  [Lat.  Cliorcla'ta ; Fr. 

Chorde , koa'da' ; literally,  “corded,”  or 
“ twisted”?]  A painful  tension  and 
downward  curvature  of  the  penis,  expe- 
rienced in  Gonorrhoea. 

Ch»-re'a,:?  or  St.  Vi  tus’  Dance. 
[From  \opda,  a “dancing.”]  A convul- 
sive disease,  characterized  by  irregular 
and  involuntary  movements  of  the  limbs. 

Clio-re'ic.  Pertaining  to  Chorea. 

dio'ri-on.*  [Gr.  Xopmvy  “skin,” 
“leather.”]  The  second  or  most  exter- 
nal membrane  involving  the  foetus.  Also 
the  Membra' na  pntam' inis,  or  membrane 
of  the  shell  of  the  egg. 

Clio 'ri- 11 111,-  or  Oio'ri-031.*  [From 
the  same.]  The  dermis,  or  innermost 
layer  of  the  skin  ; the  true  skin. 

Clio'roid.  [Clioroi'des;  from  cho'- 
rion,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
the  chorion. 

Clio'roid  Membrane.  [Mem- 
bra'na  Clioroi'des.]  The  second 
membrane  of  the  eyeball,  immediately 
beneath  the  sclerotic  coat.  Also,  the 
Ve'lum  interpos' itum,  or  choroid  mem- 
brane of  the  brain. 

CJio'roid  Plex'us.  [Plex'us  O10- 
roi'des.]  A plexus  of  vessels,  or  fold 
of  thin  vascular  membrane,  derived  from 
the  Pia  mater , situated  in  the  lateral 
ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Clirist'mas  Rose.  The  Hclleborus 
niger. 

Chro  mate.  [Oiro'mas,  a7t«.]  A 
combination  of  chromic  acid  with  a base. 

Cliro-mat'ic.  [Oironiat'icus; 

from  xp'hpoi,  xp^p^b  “color.”]  Relating 
to  color,  or  colors;  having  color.  See 
Achromatic. 

diro'ma-tasaii.  [Ctiromatis'mus ; 

from  the  same.]  The  prismatic  aberra- 
tion of  the  rays  of  light, — or,  in  other 
words,  the  aberration  of  refrangibility, — 
caused  by  the  different  kinds  of  rays 
being  refracted  unequally. 

Chro'ma-to&'e-nous.  [Oiroma- 
to&'euus;  from  XP^P01,  “color,”  and 
yerraoj,  to  “generate.”]  Generating  or 
118 


forming  color.  Applied  chiefly  to  tlia 
functions  of  the  derma. 

Ctiro-ma-tol'o-gy.  [€liroanatolo'« 

gia;  from  xp^p*,  “color,”  and  Aoyo,-,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  of  colors. 

Cl»ro  ma-top  sy.  [Cliroiiiatop'- 
sia;  from  xp^pet,  “color,”  and 
“vision.”]  Colored  vision. 

Cliro'ma- trope.  [Cliromat'ro- 
pus,  or  Oiromatro'pium;  from  XP^Pat 
“color,”  and  rpsn o>,  to  “turn.”]  An  in- 
strument for  exhibiting,  on  the  principle 
of  the  magic  lantern,  a variety  of  colors 
producing,  by  a rapid  revolving  motion, 
beautiful  and  highly  pleasing  figures. 

■Clirome.  A metal.  See  Chromium. 

Chrome  Al  um.  A crystallizable, 
double  salt,  formed  of  the  sulphates  of 
chromium  and  of  potash. 

Chrome  Yellow.  The  chromate  of 
lead,  much  used  as  a pigment. 

Chromic.  [Chro'micus.]  Belong- 
ing to  Chromium.  See  Chromic  Acid. 

Chro'mic  A$'id.  [Aq  til u am  Chro  - 
micuan.]  A teroxide  of  chromium 
forming  a valuable  escharotic  for  the  re- 
moval of  morbid  growths,  especially 
those  of  syphilitic  origin.  It  has  been 
assigned  a place  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  in  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860. 

Chro-mi-dro'sis.*  [From  xp^pa,  a 
“color,”  and  ISpoco,  to  “sweat.”]  Abnor- 
mal coloration  of  the  perspiration. 

Chro'mi-um,*  orCHiroms.  [From 
Xp'hpa,  a “color.”]  A metal  extracted 
from  native  chromate  of  lead  or  of  iron. 
It  is  whitish,  brittle,  and  very  difficult 
to  fuse.  The  specific  gravity  is  5.5. 

Chro'mo-£en.  [ Chromagc  iiaam ; 
from  xpupa,  a “color,”  and  yewaei,  to 
“ generate.”]  Vegetable  coloring  matter, 
which,  acted  on  by  acids  and  alkalies, 
produces  red,  yellow,  or  green  tints. 

Chromopsy.  See  Ciiromatopsy. 

Chro'mule,  or,  better,  Chro'myle. 
[From  xp&pa,  “ color,”  and  v\n,  “ material,” 
“substance.”]  Other  names  for  ehJoro- 
phyllj  or  the  coloring  matter  of  plants. 

Chron'ic.  [Chron'icus;  from  xp^rog, 
“time.”]  Long-continued;  opposed  to 
acute. 

Chron'o-ther'inal.  [Chronother- 
ina  lis;  from  xp1™0 b “time,”  and  flcp/1.7, 
“heat.”]  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. Applied  to  a theory  that  all 
diseases  have  periodic  intermissions, 
with  alternate  chills  and  heats. 

Chro-op'sl-a,*  written  also  Chrup'- 
sia  (by  a contraction  of  tho  Greek 
Xpoo\pia  into  xp°'JlP^a,  which  in  Latin  be- 


CIIR 


CIL 


comes  Chrupsia).  The  same  as  Chro- 
matopsia.  See  Chromatopsy. 

Chrot'ic.  [Clirot'icus;  from  XP'J's, 
“skin.”]  Of  or  belonging  to  the  skin. 

Chrjte'a-lis,  idis .*  [From  Xpw<k, 
“gold.”]  The  second  stage  in  the  meta- 
morphosis of  insects.  See  Aurelia. 

Clirysobalanaceae,*  kris-o-bal-a- 
na'she-e.  [From  ChrysobaV anus,  one  of 
the  genera.]  A natural  order  of  shrubs 
and  trees,  related  to  Rosacese.  Several 
species  produce  esculent  stone-fruits. 

CUrys  o-bal  a-iius.*  [From  xp'><r°g, 
“gold,”  and  (iaXauog,  a “corn.”]  Lite- 
rally, the  “golden  acorn”  or  “nut.” 
A name  sometimes  given  to  the  nutmeg. 

Clirys'o-b£r'yl.  [From  XP"o6g, 
“gold,”  and  (inpvXXog,  “beryl.”]  A beau- 
tiful gem  of  a pale  yellow  or  green  color, 
consisting  of  glucina  and  alumina. 

-Clirys'o-col'Ia.-  [From  xpu<7<%,“g old,” 
and  KoWa,  a “glue.”]  “Glue  for  Gold.” 
The  Greek  name  for  borax.  But  it  does 
not  appear  that  borax  was  known  to  the 
ancients : their  chrysocolla  is  said  to 
have  been  a very  different  substance, 
composed  of  the  rust  of  copper  triturated 
with  urine.  The  name  chrysocolla  is  now 
applied  to  a mineral  composed  chiefly  of 
silica  and  oxide  of  iron. 

-Chrys'o-lite.  [From  xpwdf,  “ gold,” 
and  Ai'9»?,  a “stone.”]  A mineral  com- 
posed chiefly  of  silicate  of  magnesia  and 
iron.  It  is  often  of  a golden-yellow 
color,  and  is  used  in  jewelry. 

Cliry-som'e-la. [From  xpwo?,“g  old,” 
and jisXag,  “black.”]  A genus  of  cole- 
opterous insects,  named  from  the  bril- 
liant metallic  hues,  mostly  of  green  and 
gold,  with  which  their  wing-covers  are 
adorned. 

Chryso-me'li-a.*  [From  XP'^og, 
“gold,”  and  /4A ov,  an  “apple.”]  The 
Seville  orange,  or  the  Aurantii  Bacca. 

dirys'o-anel'I-dse.*  A family  of 
coleopterous  insects,  of  which  the  Chry- 
som'ela  is  the  type. 

CJitbonopSiagia,*  tho'no-fa'je-a. 
[From  x&  “earth,”  and0ayo>,  to  “eat.”] 
A disease  not  uncommon  among  the 
negroes  of  the  South,  accompanied  by 
a strong  desire  to  eat  dirt  or  earthy 
matter.  Also  called  Cachex'ia  Africa' na. 

Cliur'rus.  An  extract  obtained  from 
Indian  hemp.  See  Cannabis  Indica. 

CSiyle.  [Cliy'lus;  from  ^uAo;, 
“juice.”]  The  milk-like  liquor  from 
which  the  blood  is  formed,  occupying 
the  lacteal  vessels  and  thoracic  duct. 

Cliy-Iif'er-oiis.  [Chylif 'ems; 

from  chy’lus , “chyle,”  and  fe'ro , to 


“bear,”  to  “carry,”  to  “convey.”]  Bear- 
ing or  conveying  chyle. 

Ctiy-li-fi-ca'tion.  [€hylifica'tio, 
o'/m;  from  chy'lus,  “chyle,”  and  fa' do, 
to  “make.”]  The  process  by  which  the 
chyle  is  separated  from  the  chyme. 

Chy-lo-poi-et/ic.  [Cliylopoict'i- 
cus;  from  chy'lv.s , “chyle,”  and  nodco, 
to  “make.”]  Connected  with  the  form- 
ation of  chyle. 

Ciiy-lo'sis.*  [From  xvX6g,  “juice.”] 
The  same  as  Chylification. 

<Jiy-Iu'ri-a.*  [From  chy'lti*,“  chyle,” 
and  ovpov,  “urine.”]  A discharge  of 
chyle  with  the  urine. 

Chyme.  [Lat.  CTty'miis;  Gr.  X''p<’$, 
“juice.”]  The  pulpy  mass  formed  by 
the  food  in  its  first  great  change  in  the 
process  of  digestion. 

(liymia  and  Cliymie.  See  Che- 
mistry. 

Chym-i-n-eation.  [Chymifica'- 
tio,  o 'vis;  from  chy'mns,  and  fa'cio,  to 
“make.”]  The  conversion  of  the  food 
into  chyme. 

Cliymistry.  See  Chemistry. 

Cibatio,*  se-ba'she-o.  [From  ci'bas, 
“food.”]  The  act  of  taking  food. 

Cic-a-tric'u-Ia.*  [Diminutive  of 
cica'trix.]  The  blastoderm. 

Ci-ca'trix,  i'c is.*  [From  cicatri'co , 
to  “heal,  leaving  a scar.”]  The  scar  or 
seam  of  a healed  wound,  sore,  or  ulcer. 

Cic-a-trl-za'tion.  [Cicatriza'tio, 
o 'nis  ; from  the  same.]  The  process  by 
which  a cicatrix  is  formed. 

Cic-a-tri-za'tus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Cicatrized  ; scarred.  In  Botany,  having 
a scar,  or  the  appearance  of  a scar. 

Cic'a-trlze.  [From  the  same.]  Lite- 
rally, to  “form  a scar;”  hence,  to  heal, 
or  skin  over. 

Cidioraceae,*  sik-o-ra'she-e.  The 
Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  order  of 
plants,  or  of  a section  of  the  order  Com- 
posites. It  includes  lettuce,  endive,  etc. 

Ci-cu'ta.*  A Latin  name  for  the 
Conium  Maculatum.  The  Cicu’ta  ma- 
cula' ta,  however,  of  modern  botanists,  is 
a different  plant. 

Cicutin.  See  Conein. 

Cil'I-a.*  (The  plural  of  Cil'i-um, 
which  see.)  The  eyelashes,  or  hairs  on 
the  eyelids.  Sometimes  applied  to  mi- 
nute, slender  objects  attached  to  certain 
animals,  that  have  a vibratile  motion. 

fil'i-a-ry.  [Cilia'ris;  from  cil'ium , 
the  “eyelash.”]  Belonging  to  the  ciliumy 
or  eyelash.  Also  applied  to  several 
parts  corresponding  to  the  junction  of 
the  cornea  to  the  sclerotic  coat. 

119 


CIL 


CIN 


[Cilia'tus;  from  cil'ium, 
the  “ eyelash.”]  Having  hairs,  or  a 
species  of  pubescence,  on  the  margin  of 
a leaf  or  petal ; having  cilia. 

Cil'I-um.*  [From  cil'leo , to  “stir,” 
to  “ twinkle.”]  A Latin  term  denoting 
the  eyelid,  or  rather  the  edge  of  the  eye- 
lid out  of  which  the  hairs  grow;  also 
the  eyelash.  Used  mostly  in  the  plural. 
See  Cilia. 

Cil-lo'sis.*  [From  the  same.]  Spas- 
modic trembling  or  agitation  of  the  eye- 
lids. 

Cim-i-cif'u-ga.*  [From  ci'mex,  cim' - 
ids,  a “bug,”  or  “louse,”  and  fu'yo,  to 
“put  to  flight.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  root  of  the  Cim - 
icif'uga  racemo'sa,  otherwise  called  Ac- 
tx'a  cimicif'uga  and  Actse'a  racemo'sa, 
a plant  belonging  to  the  natural  order 
Ranunculacese,  and  common  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  a tonic  and  powerful  anti- 
spasmodic,  and  has  been  employed  with 
great  success  in  cases  of  chorea  and 
uterine  convulsions. 

Ci-ma'll-a  Ter'ra.*  (“Cimolian 
Earth.”)  The  same  as  Cimolite,  which 
see. 

Cim'o-lite  [from  Cimo'lus,  an  island 
where  it  was  found,  and  A itiog,  a “stone”], 
or  Cl-mo'li-ait  EartSi.  A celebrated 
variety  of  fuller’s  earth,  consisting,  it 
is  said,  of  silex,  alumina,  oxide  of  iron, 
and  water. 

Cin-elio'na.*  [Named  from  the 
Countess  del  Chinchon  or  C Inchon , sig- 
nally cured  by  its  use.]  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Pcntandrva,  natural 
order  Cinchonacese.  Some  recent  writers 
insist  that  the  proper  spelling  of  the 
word  is  Chinchona.  Also,  a general  term 
for  the  various  species  of  Peruvian  bark; 
including  the  following  kinds: — 

Cincho'na  Fla'va.*  (“Yellow  Cin- 
chona.”) The  bark  Cincho'na  Calisa'ya, 
called  in  commerce  “Calisaya  Bark,” 
and  containing  not  less  than  two  per 
cent,  of  alkaloids  yielding  crystallizable 
salts. 

Cincho'na  Pal'lida.*  (“Pale  Cin- 
chona.”) The  bark  of  Cincho'na  Conda- 
min'ea  and  of  C.  Micron' tha. 

Cincho'na  Ru'bra*  (“Red  Cin- 
chona.”) The  bark  of  an  undetermined 
species  of  cinchona,  called  in  commerce 
“Red  Bark,”  and  containing  not  less 
than  two  per  cent,  of  alkaloids  yielding 
crystallizable  salts.  (See  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860.) 

To  which  may  be  added  the 

Cincho'na  Purpu'rea,*  the  produce 
120 


of  which  is  termed  in  commerce  “Brown 
Bark”  and  “Huamilies  Bark.” 

The  virtues  of  Peruvian  bark,  the  dis- 
covery of  which  forms  an  era  in  the  science 
of  medicine,  are  due  to  a number  of  dif- 
ferent principles,  among  which  the  alka- 
loids quinia  and  cinchonia  are  the  most 
important.  Both  of  these  are  in  a high 
degree  tonic  and  febrifuge;  but  they 
are  especially  remarkable  for  their  effi- 
cacy against  diseases  of  a periodical 
character,  as  tertians,  quartans,  etc. 
Hence  those  alkaloids,  as  well  as  the 
bark  in  substance,  have  been  termed 
antiperiodics. 

Cinchonacese,*  sin-ko-na'she-e. 
[From  Cincho'na,  the  most  important  of 
the  genera.]  A large  natural  order  of 
exogenous  plants,  mostly  trees  or  shrubs, 
found  in  hot  climates,  including,  besides 
the  Cinchona,  the  Coffee-tree,  the  Ceph- 
aelis  Ipecacuanha,  and  other  important 
plants.  Powerful  febrifugal  properties 
in  the  bark,  or  emetic  in  the  roots,  are 
the  great  features  of  this  order,  the  most 
valuable  products  of  which  are  cinchona 
and  ipecacuanha.  The  beauty  or  fra- 
grance of  the  flowers  of  some  plants  of 
this  order  (for  example,  the  Gardenias 
and  Ixoras ) is  unsurpassed  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom. 

Cin-cho-na/ceous.  [Cinchona'- 

ceus.]  Having  an  arrangement  as  in 
the  Cinchona.  See  Cinchonacese. 

Cin-elion'ic.  [Cinchon'icus;  from 
Cincho'na.'}  Belonging  to  Cinchona.  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  obtained  from  all  the 
species.  See  Kinic  Acid. 

Cin'cho-nin,  or  Cin'cho-nlne. 
[Cinchoni'na;  from  Cincho'na.']  A 
peculiar  vegetable  principle,  or  alkali, 
discovered  in  the  Cinchona  Condaminea. 

Cin'er-eS,*  the  plural  of  Ci'nis,  sig- 
nifying “ashes.”  Usually  applied  to 
pot-  or  pearl-ashes. 

Cin'eres  Clav-el-la'ti.*  [From 
ci'nis,  plural  cin'eres,  and  cla'vus,  a 
“nail,”  a “wedge.”]  Pearl-ash,  or  the 
Potassa  impnra.  The  name  is  derived 
from  the  little  wedges  or  billets  into 
which  the  wood  was  cut  to  make  potash. 

Ci-ne' re-us.*  The  same  as  Cine- 
ritioits,  which  see. 

Cineritious,  sin-e-rish'us.  [Cine- 
ritius;  from  ci'nis , cin'eris , the  ashes  of 
any  burnt  substance.]  Belonging  to  or 
resembling  ashes  in  color.  Applied  to 
the  cortical  substance  of  the  brain,  etc. 

£i-net'I-cus.*  [From  Kivctn, to  “move.”] 
Cinet'ic.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Cinct'ica ) to  an  order  of  the  Neurotica 


CIN 


CIR 


of  Dr.  Good,  including  diseases  which 
affect  the  muscles. 

Ci'nis,*  gen.  Cin'er-is.  The  Latin 
term  for  “ ash”  or  “ ashes.”  See  Cineres. 

£in'na-bar.  [Lat.  Cinnafo'aris; 
Gr.  Kiwa6a.pi.]  The  red  sulphuret  or  bi- 
sulphuret  of  mercury.  Also  applied  to 
a resinous  substance  of  a bright  red 
color  obtained  from  the  juice  of  an  In- 
dian tree. 

Cin'na-bar-inc.  [Cinnabari'nus.] 

Belonging  to  cinnabar ; containing  cin- 
nabar. 

Ciimabre,  sin'n&bR'.  The  French 
for  Cinnabar,  which  see. 

(in-nam  ic  A$'id.  An  acid  pro- 
cured from  the  oil  of  cinnamon. 

Cin-na-m©'muin,*  or  Cin'na-mon. 
[From  the  Arabic  Kinamon .]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  for  the  bark  of  the 
Cinnamo'mum  Zeylan'icum ; otherwise 
called  the  Lau'rns  cinnamo'mum.  The 
U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  embraces  under  the 
name  of  Cinnamomum , or  Cinnamon,  the 
bark  of  the  C.  aromaticum  as  well  as  the 
C.  Zeylanicum.  Cinnamon  is  a most 
grateful  and  efficient  aromatic.  It  is 
warm  and  cordial  to  the  stomach,  car- 
minative and  astringent,  and  is  well 
adapted  to  relieve  nausea  and  flatu- 
lence. 

Cinnamon.  See  Cinnamomum. 

Cin'na-mon  Suet.  A production 
of  the  cinnamon-tree,  used  in  Ceylon  for 
making  candles.  According  to  Dr. 
Christison,  it  contains  eight  per  cent,  of 
a fluid  oil  not  unlike  olive  oil ; the  re- 
mainder is  a waxy  principle,  which 
answers  very  nearly  to  cerin. 

Cin'namon-Tree.  The  Cinnamo'mum 
Zeylan ' icum . 

Cin'namon-Tree,  Wild.  The  Lau- 
rus  cassia. 

£i-o-ni'tis,  idis*  [From  Kiovig,  the 
“ uvula.”]  Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 

£i-©-nor-rba'phi-a.*  [From  Kiovig, 
the  “ uvula,”  and  ptyri,  a “seam.”]  The 
same  as  Staphylorrhaphy,  which  see. 

£i-o-not'o-my.  [Cionoto'mia; 
from  Kiovig , the  “uvula,”  and  Tepvoj,  to 
“cut.”]  Cutting  off  of  a part  of  the 
uvula  when  too  long. 

Cip'o-lin.  [From  cipol'la,  the  Italian 
word  for  “onion:”  named  in  allusion  to 
the  zones,  supposed  to  resemble  the  layers 
of  an  onion.]  A green  marble,  with 
white  zones,  brought  from  Rome.  It 
gives  fire  with  steel,  though  with  diffi- 
culty. 

Ci-prin'I-dae.*  [From  cypri'nus , a 
*{  carp-fish.”]  A family  of  Malacopte- 

11* 


ryefii  Abdominales,  having  the  Cyprinu» 
for  its  type. 

Cir-ci-na'lis.*  The  same  as  Circi- 
nate. 

Cir'ci-nate.  [Circina'tus ; from 

cir'cino,  circina'tum,  to  “ compass  about,” 
to  “make  into  a circle.”]  Literally, 
“made  into  a circle.”  Applied  in  Bo- 
tany to  leaves  rolled  inwards  from  the 
point  to  the  base. 

Cir'ele.  [From  cir' cuius,  a “ring.”] 
A plane  figure  bounded  by  a curved 
line,  to  which  all  the  right  lines  that 
can  be  drawn  from  a point  in  the  middle 
of  it,  called  the  centre,  are  equal. 

Cir-cu-la'tion.  [Circula'tio;  from 
cir' cuius,  a “circle;”  cir'culo,  cireula'- 
tum,  to  “move  round,”  to  “move  in  a 
circle,”  to  “circulate.”]  That  vital  ac- 
tion by  which  the  blood  is  sent  from  the 
heart  through  the  arteries,  diminishing 
in  calibre  till  they  end  in  minute  rami- 
fications on  the  entire  surface,  where 
they  are  connected  to  correspondingly 
minute  veins,  which,  increasing  in  size, 
return  the  blood  to  the  heart. 

Cir'cu-lus.*  A circle,  or  ring.  Ap- 
plied to  any  part  of  the  body  which  is 
round  or  circular, — e.g.  cir'culus  oc'uli , 
the  “orb  of  the  eye.”  It  is  sometimes 
used  to  denote  a connection  of  parts 
through  which  there  is  a circulation ; 
as  the  Cir'cul\i8  Willis’ ii  (“Circle  of 
Willis”),  an  anastomotic  circle  formed 
by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cerebral 
arteries  connected  by  the  arteries  of 
Willis. 

Cir'culus  Ar-te-ri-©'sus  Ir'I-dis.* 

(“Arterial  Circle  of  the  Iris.”)  An  ar- 
tery of  the  eye  which  encircles  the  iris. 

Cir'cum.  A Latin  preposition  sig- 
nifying “round,”  or  “about,”  and  form- 
ing the  prefix  of  a number  of  compound 
words. 

Cir'cum-a-gen'teS.*  [The  present 
participle  of  cir' cuma'go,  to  “drive”  or 
“move  round.”]  A term  applied  to  the 
oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

Cir-cum-cis'i©n.  [Circumci'sio, 
©'jus/  from  circumci'do,  circumci' sum,  to 
“cut  about.”]  The  operation  of  cutting 
off  a circular  piece  of  the  prepuce. 

Cir-cum-duc'ti©n.  [Cireumcluc'- 
tio,  ©'jus / from  cir’ cum,  “about,”  and 
du' co,  due’ turn,  to  “lead.”]  Circular 
movement  of  a limb. 

Cir'cum-fiex.  [Circumflex 'us ; 
from  cir' cum,  “about,”  and  flee' to,  flex’ 
urn,  to  “bend.”]  Bent  about;  curved 
like  a bow  or  part  of  a circle.  Applied 
in  Anatomy  to  various  arteries,  veins,  etc. 

121 


CIR 


CIS 


It  is  also  used  to  designate  a particular 
accent  lepresented  in  Latin  and  French 
by  this  sign  [-*>],  as  musd,  tempete,  the 
term  denoting  that  the  accent,  instead 
of  being  straight  like  the  other  accents, 
is  bent  over  or  around  the  letter. 

Cir-cum*gy-ra'ti©n.  [Circumgy- 
ra'tio,  o 'nis;  from  cir'cum,  “about,” 
and  r jy'rus , a “circle.”]  Movement  in  a 
circle. 

Cir-cum-ssis'sile.  [Circumscis'- 
silis;  from  cir'cum,  “about,”  “around,” 
and  scin'do,  sets' sum,  to  “cleave,”  to 
“divile.”]  Applied  to  dehiscent  fruits, 
the  upper  part  of  which  opens  like  a lid. 

€ir-ciim-s$is'siis.*  [From  the  same.] 
“ Cleft,  or  cut  around.”  Applied  in  Botany 
to  parts  having  a circular  cut  or  fissure. 

Cire,  s&u.  The  French  term  for 
“wax.”  See  Cera-. 

£ir-rlioii'o-sus.*  [From  Kippog, 
“tawny,”  and  voaog,  a “disease.”]  A 
golden-yellow  appearance  of  the  pleura, 
peritonaeum,  etc.,  in  the  foetus. 

Cirrliopotla.  See  Cirropoda. 

£ir-rJi©'sis.*  [From  Kippog,  “ red- 
dish-yellow,” or  “tawny.”]  A name 
proposed  for  granulated  or  tuberculated 
liver,  as  designative  of  the  appearance 
of  the  organ  in  that  diseased  state.  Also 
applied  to  a disease  of  the  kidney. 

Cir'ri, * the  plural  of  Cirrus,  which 
see. 

Cir-rif'er-ous,  or  Cir-rig'er-ous. 
[Cirrif'erus,  or  Cirrig'erus;  from 
cir'rus,  and  fe'ro , ge'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  producing  cirri. 

Cir'ri-gratle.  [Cirrig'radus;  from 
cir'rus,  and  gra'dior,  to  “walk.”]  Pro- 
gressing by  means  of  cirri. 

Cir-rl-pe'di-a,*  or  Clr'ri-peds. 
[From  cir'ri,  and  pes,  pe' dis,  a “foot.”] 
The  same  as  Cirropoda,  which  see. 

Cir'ri-pes,  p 'edis,%  or  Cir'rl-ped. 
[From  cir'rus,  and  joes,  a “foot.”]  The 
same  as  Cirropodus. 

CIr-rop'o-da,**  or  Cir'ri-pods. 
[See  Cirrop'odus.]  A class  of  the 
Diploneura  (or  MolLusca?)  consisting  of 
aquatic  animals,  having  multivalve 
shells,  and  furnished  with  a number  of 
long,  curled,  articulated,  setigerous  pro- 
cesses (called  cirri)  analogous  to  the 
feet  of  the  Crustacea.  These  animals  are 
popularly  called  barnacles,  and  acorn- 
shells. 

CIr-rop'o-dus.*  [From  cir'rus,  and 
novg,  a “foot.”]  Cirrop'odous.  Fringe- 
footed. Applied  to  a class  of  animals 
having  cirri  instead  of  feet.  See  pre- 
ceding article. 

122 


Cir'rous,  or  Cir'rose.  Sometimes 
improperly  written  Cirrhousnnd  Cirrhose. 
[Cirro'sus;  from  cir'rus .]  Having 
cirri,  or  full  of  cirri. 

Cir'rus,*  plural  Cir'ri.  [A  Latin 
term  signifying  a “lock  of  curled  hair,” 
a “fringe.”]  In  Botany,  a clasper  or 
tendril,  one  of  the  fulcra  of  plants;  also 
termed  Clavicula.  Applied  to  a peculiar 
set  of  organs  found  in  certain  aquatic 
animals.  (See  Cirropoda.)  The  term 
cirrus  is  also  applied  to  thin,  fleecy 
clouds,  floating  in  the  atmosphere  at  a 
great  elevation. 

£ir's©-£ele.*  [From  Kipaog,  a “ vari- 
cose vein,”  and  xtJAjj,  a “tumor.”]  A 
varicose  enlargement  of  the  spermatic 
vein. 

£ir'soid.  [Cirsoi'des;  from  Kipaog, 
a “varicose  vein,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a varix. 

£ir-som'plia-los.*  [From  Kipaog,  a 
“ varicose  vein,”and  opi'paXog,  the  “ navel.”] 
A varicose  condition  around  the  navel. 

£ir-sopli-tUal'mi-a.*  [From  Kipaog , 
a “varicose  vein,”  and  oj>Qa\pi6g,  the 
“eye.”]  A varicose  condition  of  the 
eye : cirsophthal'my. 

£ir'sos*  {Kipaog).  The  Greek  term  for 
a varix,  or  dilated  vein. 

£ir-sot'o-my.  [Cirsoto'mia;  from 
Kipaog , a “varicose  vein,”  and  rqu/o),  to 
“cut.”]  Extirpation  of  a varix. 

£is-sam'pe-los.*  [From  Kiaaog,  “ivy,” 
and  apnre\og,  the  “vine.”]  The  wild  vine. 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Dicecia , 
natural  order  Menispermacese. 

Cissam'pelos  Ca-pen'sis.*  A spe- 
cies found  in  Cape  Colony.  The  root  is 
used  by  the  inhabitants  as  a cathartic 
and  emetic. 

Cissam'pelos  Pareira*  (pa-ra'ra). 
The  Pareira  brava,  or  American  wild 
vine.  See  Pareira. 

Cistacese,*  sis-ta'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  shrubs  or  herbaceous  plants, 
including  the  rock-rose.  The  Cistus 
Creticus  produces  a resinous  balsamic 
substance  called  Lada'num. 

Cis'ti,*  the  plural  of  Cis'tus,  form- 
ing the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Cistace.e. 

Cis'tus.*  A genus  of  the  natural 
order  Cistacese. 

Cis'tus  Cre'tl-cus.*  The  name  of 
the  plant  which  produces  a sort  of  gum- 
resin  called  Lada'num  or  Labda'num. 
This  substance  has  a warm  and  bitter 
taste  and  an  agreeable  odor.  It  is 
sometimes  used  as  an  ingredient  in 
plasters. 


CIT 


CLE 


Cit'rate.  [Ci'tras,  a'fi#.]  A com- 
bination of  citric  acid  with  a base. 

Cit  ric  A$'i«l.  [A^'itlum  Cit'ri- 
cuin;  from  Ci'trus.]  An  acid  obtained 
from  lemon-juice. 

Citrine  Ointment.  [Named  from 
its  fine  yellow  or  citrine  color.]  The 
common  name  of  the  Unguentum  hydrar- 
gyri  nitratis  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 
Used  as  a stimulant  and  alterative  ap- 
plication in  psoriasis  and  other  cutaneous 
affections. 

Cit'ron.  [Ci'tro,  o'hjs;  Cedrom'e- 
la.]  The  fruit  of  the  Citreum,  or  citron- 
tree,  a variety  of  the  Citrus  medica. 

Ci-trul'lus  €61-o-cyn'tIiis.;;:  A 

name  of  the  Cucumis  Colocynthis. 

Ci'trus.*  [From  ict-pia , the  “lemon” 
or  “citron.”]  A Linnman  genus  of  the 
class  Polyadelphia,  natural  order  Auran- 
tiacese. 

Ci'trus  Auran'tium*  (au-ran'she- 
um).  The  systematic  name  of  the  orange- 
tree. 

Ci'trus  Big-a-ra'di-su*  Another 
name  for  the  Citrus  aurantium , or  orange- 
tree. 

Ci'trus  U-met'ta  Ber-giim'i-uui.* 

The  tree  from  the  rind  of  whose  fruit 
oil  of  bergamot  is  obtained. 

Ci'trus  Li-mo'num,*  Ci'trus  Med'- 
i-ca.*  Names  of  the  plants  which  bear 
the  Limones  (lemons,  or  limes)  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias. 

Citrus  Vulg-aris.  See  Citrus  Au- 
rantium. 

Civ'et.  [Civet'ta.]  An  unctuous  sub- 
stance collected  in  a bag  under  the  tail 
of  the  civet-cat,  and  used  as  a perfume. 

Clair- voy'ance.  [See  Clairvoy- 
ant.] Literally,  “clearsightedness,”  or 
“clear  vision.”  Applied  to  a condition 
of  the  mind  or  the  “mind’s  eye,”  usu- 
ally induced  by  mesmeric  influence,  in 
which,  it  is  alleged,  the  mesmerized  per- 
son can  see  not  only  in  the  dark,  but  the 
most  intricate  internal  arrangements  of 
his  own  or  of  another’s  body,  and  even 
the  remotest  objects,  though  separated 
from  the  clairvoyant  by  interposing  walls 
or  mountains. 

Clair- voy 'ant.  [Fr.  clair,  “clear,” 
and  voyant,  “seeing,”  from  voir,  to 
“see.”]  Literally,  “seeing  clearly;” 
hence,  having  the  power  of  clairvoy- 
ance. As  a noun,  it  signifies  one  who  is 
endowed  with  clairvoyance. 

Clammy.  SeeViscosus. 

Clap.  [Old  Fr.  Clapises,  public  shops 
of  infamous  character.]  A term  for 
Gonorrlice'  a impu'ra . 


Clar-i-fi-ca'tion.  [Clarilica'tio, 

o' ms/  from  cla'rus,  “clear,”  and  fa’cio, 
to  “make.”]  The  purifying  or  freeing  a 
fluid  from  heterogeneous  matter  or  im- 
purities. 

Clasper.  See  Cirrus,  Clavicle. 

Class.  [Clas'sis.]  A primary  divi- 
sion of  bodies  having  some  general  re- 
semblance to  each  other,  but  further  di- 
visible into  distinctive  orders. 

Clas-sl-fi-ca'tion.  [From  clas'sis, 
and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  The  sysem- 
atic  arrangement  into  classes  of  natural 
productions  and  phenomena,  including 
the  diseases  of  the  animal  body. 

Clav'ate.  [Clava'tus;  from  cla'va, 
a “club.”]  Club-shaped;  clubbed. 

Clavatio,*  kla-va'she-o.  [From  cla'- 
vus,  a “nail.”]  The  same  as  Gompiiosis. 

Clav'el-late.  [Clavella'tus  and 
Clavello'sus;  from  cla'va,  a “club.”] 
Having,  or  formed  like,  clubs. 

Clav'I-cle.  [Clavic'ula,  or  Clavic'- 
ulus;  the  diminutive  of  cla'vis,  a “ key.”] 
The  collar-bone.  In  Botany,  a tendril, 
clasper,  or  cirrus. 

CJav-i-eor'nate.  [Clavicor'nis ; 

from  cla'va,  a “club,”  and  ^cor'nu,  a 
“horn.”]  Applied  to  a family  of  cole- 
opterous insects,  in  which  the  antennse 
are  thick  at  the  extremity,  frequently 
forming  a solid  club. 

Cla-vic'u-lar.  [Clavicula'ris; 
from  clavic'ula,  the  “collar-bone.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  clavicle,  or  collar-bone. 

Cla-  vic'u-late.  [Clavicnla'tus ; 
from  clavic'ula .]  Having  clavicles,  as 
man  and  the  Simisc. 

Clav'i-form.  [Clavifor'mis;  from 
cla'va,  a “club.”]  Club-shaped. 

(lavo,  kla'vo.  The  Spanish  term  for 
Clove,  which  see. 

Cla'vus.*  Literally,  a “nail”  or 
“spike.”  Applied  to  a corn,  or  horny 
round  cutaneous  formation,  the  effect  of 
continued  pressure  generally  on  the  pro- 
minent parts  of  the  toes.  Also,  a very 
acute  pain  confined  to  a small  part  of 
the  head,  as  if  a nail  were  being  driven 
into  it, — called  Cla'vus  hyster'icus.  Also, 
condyloma  of  the  uterus.  Likewise,  a 
tubercle  on  the  white  of  the  eye. 

Claw.  [Un'griis.]  The  nail  or  talon 
of  birds  and  other  animals.  The  lower, 
narrow  part  of  a petal. 

Clay.  Argil' la,  or  argillaceous  earth. 

Clay,  Pure.  The  earth  called  Alu- 
mina. 

Cleans  ing.  The  same  as  Lochia, 
which  see. 

Cleavage.  The  property  of  splitting 
123 


CLE 


CLI 


or  of  being  split  in  certain  determinate 
directions,  as  minerals : foliated  fracture. 

Oei'clo-  [from  kXsis,  tcXsidog,  a “ key/' 
the  “clavicle”],  in  compound  names  of 
muscles,  etc.,  denotes  attachment  to  or 
connection  with  the  clavicle. 

Oels'a-gra..*  [From  tcXsig,  “clavicle/' 
and  aypa , a “seizure”  or  “attack.”] 
The  gout  in  the  articulation  of  the 
clavicles. 

Clep-sy'dra.**  [From  kXctttco,  to 
“steal,”  and  vdwp,  “water,” — named  in 
allusion  to  the  water  stealing  away  so 
gradually  as  to  be  almost  unperceived.] 
An  instrument  for  measuring  time,  by 
allowing  water  to  drop  through  a small 
hole  from  one  vessel  to  another. 

Cll-mac'ter,*  plural  €li-mac-te'- 
res.  [Gr.  KXipaKrnp-  from  xXip. <£w,  to 
“ proceed  by  degrees.”]  Literally,  the 
“step  of  a stair”  or  a “ladder;”  hence, 
applied  to  the  stages  of  human  life, 
reckoned  by  periods  of  seven  years. 

Cli-mac' ter- ic,  or  klim-ak-ter'ik. 
[Cliinacter'icus;  from  the  same.] 
Applied  to  a particular  epoch  of  the 
ordinary  ^erm  of  life,  marked  by  periods 
of  seven  years,  at  which  the  body  was 
by  the  ancients  supposed  to  be  peculiarly 
affected  and  to  suffer  considerable  change. 
The  ninth  period,  or  sixty-third  year,  at 
which  the  most  decided  change  takes 
place,  was  regarded  as  the  “grand  cli- 
macteric.” 

Climac'teric  I>is-ease'.  That  sud- 
den change  which  occurs  in  many  in- 
stances of  advanced  life,  generally  at  the 
grand  climacteric,  that  is,  about  the  end 
of  the  sixty-third  year,  sixty-three  being 
nine  times  seven.  See  Climacteiuc. 

Climac'teric  Teetli'ing’.  The  pro- 
duction of  teeth  at  a very  late  period  of 
life,  after  the  loss  of  the  permanent 
teeth  by  accident  or  natural  decay, — 
commonly  between  the  sixty-third  and 
eighty-first  year,  or  the  interval  which 
fills  up  the  two  grand  climacteric  years 
of  the  Greek  physiologists. 

Climat,  kl^'ind/.  The  French  for  Cli- 
mate, which  see. 

Cli'mate.  [Lat.  Cli'ma,  Cl  a in  ' a- 
tis;  Gr.  tcXipa,  a “region,”  “clime,”  or 
“climate.”]  In  a hygienic  point  of 
view,  the  term  denotes  peculiarities  in 
temperature,  quality  of  air,  etc.,  with 
respect  to  which  different  countries  or 
regions  differ  from  each  other  in  their 
effects  upon  the  health  of  those  who  in- 
habit them.  Among  the  various  influ- 
ences which  tend  to  promote  health  or 
produce  disease,  there  is  perhaps  none 
124 


more  deserving  the  attention  of  the 
medical  student  than  the  peculiarities 
and  varieties  of  climate.  But  the  limits 
of  the  present  volume  will  permit  only  a 
few  general  remarks;  for  a thorough 
consideration  of  the  subject  in  all  its 
details,  the  reader  is  referred  to  more 
extensive  and  elaborate  works. 

In  recommending  a change  of  resi- 
dence on  account  of  ill  health,  the  judi- 
cious physician  will  take  into  considera- 
tion not  only  the  character  of  the  dis- 
ease, but  the  peculiarities  of  the  patient’s 
constitution.  In  general  terms,  it  may 
be  stated  that  diseases  of  the  lungs  or 
pleura  require  a mild  or  warm  climate ; 
and  fevers,  especially  when  complicated 
with  visceral  derangement,  a cool  or 
cold  one:  yet  it  will  often  be  found  that 
persons  laboring  under  lung-complaints 
are  more  injured  than  benefited  by  a 
warm  climate;  for,  though  a mild  air 
and  unchecked  perspiration  are  very 
decided  advantages  in  themselves,  the 
debility  resulting  from  a less  bracing 
atmosphere  will  frequently  prove  more 
than  a counterbalance  to  those  ad- 
vantages. Mountain  air,  which  is  gene- 
rally pure,  light,  and  exhilarating,  will 
be  found  beneficial  in  certain  cases, 
while  sea  air,  which  is  less  rarefied  and 
less  dry,  will  be  better  adapted  to 
others.  The  air  of  a small  island  com- 
pletely surrounded  by  a wide  expanse  of 
sea,  like  Madeira  or  the  Bermudas,  pos- 
sesses the  great  advantage  of  having  a 
more  equable  and  uniform  temperature 
than  can  ever  be  found  on  a continent 
or  on  any  extensive  tract  of  land.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  remark  that  the 
purity  or  impurity  of  the  air  must,  in  an 
especial  manner,  never  be  overlooked. 
Yet  it  is  said  that  the  impure  air  of 
certain  districts  where  tertians  are  com- 
mon, has  been  found  eminently  benefi- 
cial in  some  forms  of  pulmonary  dis- 
ease. 

Cli-ma-tog/ra-ptiy.  [dimatogra'- 
phia;  from  cli'ma,  “climate,”  and  yp'ufxo, 
to  “write,”  to  “describe.”]  A descrip- 
tion of  climates. 

fli-ma-iolo-gy.  [Climatolo'gna; 

from  cli'ma , and  At iyog.  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  climate;  the  science  of 
climates. 

CH-nan'drX-iim.*  [From  kXiv^,  a 
“bed,”  and  avr/p,  a “male.”]  The  part 
of  the  column  of  fructification  of  the 
Orchidete  in  which  the  anther  is  fixed. 

Clin'I-cal.  [Lat.  nin'iciis;  from 
k\\.vy\.  Fr.  Clinique,  kl&‘n6k'.]  Pertain- 


CLI 


COA 


ing  to  a bed;  as  clinical  lectures,  which 
are  those  delivered  by  medical  attend- 
ants at  the  bedside. 

Clinique,  kle'n&k'.  The  French  term 
for  Clinical,  which  see.  As  a noun,  it 
is  used  for  a clinical  school,  thus:  La 
Clinique  de  la  Charite  (14  kl4'n4k'  deh 
14  sh4'r4't4')  signifies  “The  Clinical 
School  of  [the  Hospital]  La  Charite.” 

Cli'noid.  [Clinoi'des;  from  KXivri, 
and  eiho;,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a bed. 
Applied  to  four  processes  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone. 

Cll-uom'e-ter.  [Cliiiom'etrum ; 

from  kXivcj,  to  “incline,”  and  pkrpov,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  apparatus  for  mea- 
suring the  inclination  of  a line  in  rela- 
tion to  a horizontal  plane.  Used  for 
ascertaining  the  dip  of  geological  strata. 

Clis-e-om'e-ter.  [Cliscom'ctruni ; 
from  kX'kjis,  “inclination,”  and  pkrpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  angle  which  the  axis  of  the 
female  pelvis  makes  with  that  of  the 
body. 

Clit-Bur.  The  Arctium  lappa  ; also 
called  Clot-bur. 

Clit'o-ris,*  gen.  Cli-t6r'i-dis.  [Gr. 
KXeiTopig ; from  K\e'ia>,  to  “shut  up,”  to 
“enclose;”  because  concealed  by  the 
labia  pudendi .]  A small,  elongated, 
glandiform  body  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  vulva,  resembling  in  its  internal 
structure  the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the 
penis. 

Clit-©-ri£'mus.:i:*  Morbid  swelling 
of  the  clitoris. 

Clit-o-ri'tis,  i dis*  [From  clit'oris.] 
Inflammation  of  the  clitoris. 

Clo-a'ca.*  [From  clu'o , an  antique 
form  for  col'luo,  to  “wash,”  to  “scour,” 
or  “make  clean.”]  Literally,  a “sink” 
or  “sewer.”  Applied  in  Zoology  to  a 
cavity  in  birds  and  certain  other  animals, 
in  which  the  oviducts  terminate.  In  the 
plural  ( Cloa'cse ),  the  openings  through 
the  new  bony  shell  (in  cases  of  necrosis 
of  a long  cylindrical  bone)  into  the  se- 
questrum, or  enclosed  dead  bone,  by  which 
the  matter  formed  in  the  interior  is  dis- 
charged. 

Cloaque,  klo'4k'.  The  French  for 
Cloaca,  which  see. 

Clon'ic.  [Clon'ieus;  from  x\6vog, 
“commotion.”]  Belonging  to  an  agi- 
tated or  irregular  movement.  Applied  to 
spasms  in  which  contractions  and  relax- 
ations are  alternate,  as  in  epilepsy. 

Clot.  [From  the  Belgian  Klot,  a 
'‘mass  of  thickened  fluid.”]  The  Cras- 
eamentum  of  the  blood. 

9 


Clot-Bur.  See  Clit-Bur. 

Clou.  See  Clove. 

Clove.  [From  the  Latin  CWvub,  x 
“nail”  or  “spike;”  Fr.  Clou , kloo,  Sp. 
Clavo , kl4'vo,  both  signifying  originally 
a nail  or  spike;  so  called  from  its  re- 
semblance to  a nail.]  The  calyx,  or  un- 
expanded flower,  of  the  Caryophyl’lus 
aromat'  icus,  otherwise  called  Euye'nia 
caryophylla'ta.  The  clove  is  a warm,  pun- 
gent, and  highly-stimulating  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  employed  to  relieve 
nausea  or  vomiting;  but  it  is  chiefly 
used  to  assist  or  modify  the  action  of 
other  medicines. 

Clove-^il'll-flow-er,  Clove-Pink. 

The  Dian'thus  caryophyl'lus. 

Clove-Tree.  The  Caryt.phyVlns  aro- 
mat'icus  (or  Euye'nia  caryophylla'ta). 

Clo  ven  Spine.  The  same  as  Schis- 
torrhachis,  which  see. 

Club-Foot.  See  Talipes. 

Clu-pe'I-dae.*  [From  Cln'pea,  a 
small  fish  of  the  herring  kind.]  A 
family  of  fishes  having  the  Clupea  for 
their  type. 

Clusiaceje,*  klu-ze-a'she-e,  or  Gut- 
tif'er-ae.*  A natural  order  of  trees  and 
shrubs,  fopnd  in  the  tropics,  including 
the  Clu'sia , the  Mangosteen,  and  other 
excellent  fruits.  Many  species  of  this 
order  secrete  an  acrid,  purgative  gum- 
resin,  as  gamboge. 

Cluster.  See  Racemus,  and  Thyr- 
sus. 

Clyp'e-al.  [Clypea'lis;  from  cly’- 
peus,  a “shield.”]  Belonging  to  a 
shield. 

Clyp'e-ate.  [Clypea'tus ; from  the 
same.]  Bearing  a shield,  or  formed 
like  a shield. 

Clys'sus.*  [From  k\x 5£<o,  to  “dash,” 
to  “wash.”]  A term  formerly  used  to 
denote  the  vapor  produced  by  the  de- 
tonation of  nitre  with  any  inflammable 
substance. 

Clys'ter.*  [Gr.  tcXvarfip;  from  k\v'(o, 
to  “ wash  away.”]  An  injection  into  the 
rectum  ; an  en'ema  ; a glyster. 

C.  M.  = Cras  ma'ne.%  “ To-morrow 
morning.” 

C.  X.  = Cras  noc'te “ To-morrow 
night.” 

Cni'cus  Ben-e-dic'tus,*  or  Cen* 
tau're-a  Ben-e-dic'ta.*  (“Blessed 
Thistle.”)  A composite  plant,  regarded 
as  “blessed”  on  account  of  its  medicinal 
virtues.  It  contains  a brown,  bitte* 
principle,  called  cnicin. 

Co.  See  Con. 

Co-ad' u-ai  ate.  [Coaduna'tus;  from 
125 


COA 


COC 


coadu'no,  to  “join  together.”]  Clus- 
tered. 

Co-ag'n-la-ble.  [Coag’ulabi'lis ; 

from  coay'ulo,  coayula'tum,  to  “curdle.”] 
Having  the  property  of  coagulation. 

Coag'ulable  Lymph.  A term  applied 
to  the  fibrin  of  the  blood. 

Co-ag-u-la'tion.  [Coagaila'tio, 
o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  thickened 
state  of  the  albuminous  portion  of  cer- 
tain animal  and  vegetable  fluids  on  ap- 
plying acids  or  heat. 

Co-ag-'u-lum.*  [From  the  same.] 
The  jelly-like  consistence  assumed  by 
albuminous  substances,  blood,  etc.,  when 
acted  on  by  heat. 

Coal  (Min'e-ral).  A combustible 
mineral,  consisting  of  two  principal  va- 
rieties,— anthracite  and  bituminous  coal. 
The  former  burns  with  little  or  no  smoke 
or  flame ; in  the  latter,  as  its  name  im- 
plies, bitumen  is  an  important  ingredient, 
producing  vapor  and  gas  when  exposed 
to  heat. 

Co-a-les'^ent.  [Coales'cens ; from 
coales' co,  to  “grow  together.”]  Grow- 
ing together. 

Co-ap-ta'tion.  [Coapta'tio,  o'nis ; 

from  co  for  con , “together,”  and  ap'to, 
apta’tum , to  “fit.”]  The  fitting  together 
of  the  ends  of  a fractured  bone. 

Co-arc'tate.  [Coarcta'tus;  from 
coarc' to,  coarcta'tum,  to  “straighten.”] 
Pressed  close  together. 

Co-arc-ta'tion.  [Coarcta'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  A straightening,  or 
pressing  together.  Applied  to  strictures 
of  the  intestine  or  urethra. 

€oat.  See  Tunica. 

Coat'ed.  (Fr.  End  ait,  oN<»'dw&'.)  Ap- 
plied to  the  condition  of  the  tongue, 
as  indicative  of  visceral  disturbance. 

Cobalt,  ko'bault.  [ L at.  Cobal  t mil ; 
from  the  German  Ko'bold , a “goblin”  or 
“ demon  ;”  so  called  because  its  discovery 
was  regarded  by  miners  as  an  ill  omen, 
— 4.e.  as  unfavorable  to  the  presence  of 
more  valuable  metals.]  A metal  gene- 
rally found  in  combination  with  arsenic. 
The  salts  of  cobalt  are  irritant  poisons. 
The  oxide  is  employed  to  impart  a blue 
color  to  porcelain  and  glass. 

Co-bal'tic,  [Cobal'ticus.]  Belong- 
ing to  cobalt. 

Co-ba'lus.*  The  same  as  Kobold, 
the  demon  of  miners,  from  which  cobalt 
is  said  to  have  been  named. 

Cobra  <1©  Capello,  ko'brA  dA  k &- 
pSl'lo.  (“Snake  with  a Ilood.”)  The 
Portuguese  name  for  the  hooded  snake, 
the  Na'ja  vulga'ris  (otherwise  oalled  the 
126 


Na'ja  tripu'dians ),  a very  poisonous  ser« 
pent  common  in  India. 

Cob'web.  [Ara'neum.]  The  web 
of  the  Aranea,  or  spider. 

Co'ca,*  called  also  Ypada,  e-p&'dA 
The  leaf  of  the  Erythrox' ylon  co'cu,  a 
plant  in  extensive  use  among  the  Indians 
of  the  Andes,  as  a stimulant.  See  Ery- 

THROXYLON  COCA. 

Coc'^i,*  the  plural  of  Coc'cus.  The 
Pharmacopoeia!  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for 
cochineal  insects. 

Cocciferous,  kok-sif'er-us.  [Coc- 
ciCerus;  from  coc'cus,  a “berry,”  and 
fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing  berries,  or 
objects  like  them. 

Coccinella,*  kok-se-nel'la.  [Diminu- 
tive of  coc'cus , a “ berry.”]  The  cochi- 
neal insect:  cochineal.  (See  Coccus 
Cacti.)  A genus  of  coleopterous  insects; 
the  lady -bird,  or  lady-bug. 

Cocci n el' la  Sep-tem-punc-ta'ta* 
( i.e . “having  seven  points  or  spots”),  or 
Lady-bug.  This  insect,  if  bruised  upon 
an  aching  tooth,  is  said  to  cure  it. 

Coc-ci-nel'lin.  [Coccinelli'na.] 
The  coloring  principle  of  cochineal; 
carmine. 

Coc'cu-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  coc'- 
cus, a “berry.”]  A genus  of  the  class 
Dicecia,  natural  order  Menispermacese. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for 
the  fruit  of  the  Anamirta  cocculus,  or 
Cocculus  Indicus. 

Coc'culus,  An-a-mir'ta.*  The  plant 

which  produces  the  Cocculus  Indicus, 
sometimes  termed  Levantnut , or  Bac'ca 
Orienta'lis  (“Oriental  Berry”). 

Coc'culus  In'di  Ar-o-mat'I-cus,* 
or  (plural)  Coc'cu-li  In'di  Ar-o-mat- 
l-^i.  Other  names  for  the  Myrtus  pi- 
menta,  or  Jamaica  pepper. 

Coc'culus  In'di-cus.*  The  berries 
of  the  Anamir'ta  coc'culus  (the  Meni- 
spermum  cocculus  of  Linnaeus).  The 
kernels  of  these  berries  are  whitish  and 
oily,  and  have  an  intensely  bitter  taste. 
They  contain  a peculiar  bitter  principle 
called  picrotoxin , which  is  very  poisonous. 
The  Cocculus  Indicus  belongs  to  the  acro- 
narcotic  class  of  poisons.  As  a medicine 
it  is  never  administered  internally.  In 
India  it  is  employed  to  stupefy  fish  in 
order  that  they  may  be  more  easily 
caught.  It  is  said  that  the  fish  thus 
taken  are  not  poisonous.  An  ointment 
made  of  the  powdered  berries  is  some- 
times used  in  certain  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. 

Coc'culus  Pal-ma'tus.*  The  plant 
which  affords  Calumba,  Colomba,  or  Co- 


coc 


COE 


lumho  root;  called,  also,  Menispermum 
palmatum. 

Coe'cum.*  (See  Coccus.)  A kind  of 
seed-vessel  distinguished  from  a capsule, 
the  sides  of  which,  being  elastic,  project 
the  seeds  with  great  force,  as  in  the 
Euphorbise . 

Coc 'cum  Bapli'i-cum.*  The  ker- 
mes  berry. 

Coc'cus.*  [From  kokkos , a “grain”  or 
“kernel;”  also,  an  “insect.”]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (Brit,  and  U.  S.  Ph.) 
for  the  Coccus  cacti.  In  Botany,  a cell 
or  capsule.  Also  the  name  of  a genus 
of  hemipterous  insects. 

Coccus  Cac'ti.*  (“Coccus  of  the 
Cactus.”)  The  Coccinella , or  cochineal 
insect. 

Coc  cus  In-fec-to'ri-us.*  The  in- 
sect which  produces  the  kermes  grains 
or  berries. 

Coc  cus  Bac'ca.*  The  insect  which 
produces  Lac. 

Coc-cygr'e-us,* or kok-se-je'us.  [From 
coc’cyx.]  Belonging  to  the  coccyx:  coc- 
§yg'eal. 

Coc-^y-o-djn  'l-a.*  [From  coc’cyx , 
and  odvi/r],  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  coccyx, 
occurring  especially  in  women. 

Coccyx,*  gen.  Coc-£y  gfis.  [From 
k6kkv%,  the  “cuckoo;”  because  like  its 
bill.]  The  small  triangular  bone  ap- 
pended to  the  point  of  the  sacrum. 

Cocli'i-neal.  [Coccinel'la;  from 
coccinel'la,  probably  derived  through 
the  Italian  coccinifflia,  pronounced  kot- 
che-nel'yii.]  The  Coccus  cacti , Coccinella, 
or  cochineal  insect,  brought  from  South 
America  as  a reddish  grain.  Cochineal 
is  thought  by  some  to  possess  anodyne 
and  antispasmodic  properties,  and  has 
been  recommended  for  the  hooping- 
cough  and  other  nervous  affections.  In 
Pharmacy  it  is  used  to  color  tinctures, 
ointments,  etc. 

Cochiniliii,  kotch'e-nil'in.  (See 
Cochineal.)  A coloring  matter  obtained 
from  cochineal.  It  is  a constituent  of 
carmine. 

Coclil.  Ampl.,  Coclil.  Mag.  Ab- 
breviations for  Cochlea’ re  am’ plum*  or 
mag’nnm ,*  a “tablespoon.” 

Coclil.  Med.  = Cochlea’ re  me’ d him* 
A “dessert-spoon.” 

Coclil.  Min.=  Cochlea’ re  min’ imum  * 
A “teaspoon.” 

Cocli'le-a.*  Literally,  a “shell,”  a 
“ snail-shell;”  hence,  any  thing  of  a 
spiral  form.  A conical  cavity  of  the 
internal  ear. 

Coch-le-a're.*  [From  coch’lea,  a 


“shell,”  more  especially  a “snail-shell.”] 
The  Latin  word  for  “spoon;”  so  named 
from  its  resemblance  to  a shell.  It  is 
commonly  used  in  medical  prescriptions 
for  “spoonful.” 

Coch-lc-a'ri-a.*  [From  cochlea’re , 
a “spoon.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Tttradynamia,  natural  order  Cru - 
ci/erse. 

Cochlea'ria  Arinoia'eia:  (ar-mo- 
ra'she-a).  The  horse-radish  plant;  called, 
also,  the  Raph’anus  rustica’nus.  The 
root  of  this  plant  (Armoracise  Radix)  is 
pungent  and  powerfully  stimulant.  Its 
virtues  depend  on  an  essential  oil  which 
is  dissipated  by  drying. 

Cocli-lc-ar'i-iorm.  [Coclilcari- 
f or 'm is:  from  cochlea’re,  a “spoon.”] 
Formed  like  a spoon. 

Cocli'lc-atc.  [Cocklca'tus:  from 
coch’lea , a “snail-shell.”]  In  Botany, 
spiral,  or  having  a spiral  form. 

Co-co  a.  The  fruit  of  Theobroma 
cacao. 

Co-coon '.  [Etymology  uncertain.] 
The  silken  case  of  certain  Arachnides, 
ete.,  in  which  they  deposit  their  eggs, 
change  their  teguments,  or  retire  for  the 
winter. 

Coc'tion.  [Coc'tio:  from  co’quo , 
coc’ turn,  to  “cook,”  to  “digest.”]  The 
process  of  reducing  the  aliment  to 
chyle. 

Codaga-Pala  Bark.  See  Nerium 
Antidysentericum. 

Co'de-ate.  [Co'deas,  a ’tis;  from 
code’icum  a^'idum.]  A combination  of 
codeic  acid  with  a base. 

Co-de'ic.  [Code'icus.]  Applied  to 
an  acid  obtained  from  codein. 

Co 'de-in,  Co'de-ine,  or  Co-de'ia.* 
[From  Kudia,  or  KioSeia,  a “poppy-head.”] 
An  alkaloid  discovered  by  Robiquet  in 
opium.  As  a soporific  it  is  considered 
to  possess  about  half  the  strength  of 
morphia. 

Cod  -Liv'er  Oil,  or  Cod'fish  Oil. 
[Mor'rSiuse  Oieum.]  Obtained  from 
the  liver  of  the  Ga’dus  mor'rhua,  or 
codfish.  See  Oleum  Morrhu^e. 

Coe  cum.  See  Caecum. 

Ccelia,*  se'le-a.  [Gr.  Kot\(a,  the  “belly;” 
from  koi^os,  “hollow.”]  The  belly,  espe- 
cially the  lower  portion;  also,  the  sto- 
mach. 

£ce'li-ac.  [Coeli'aeus;  from  cce’lia, 
the  “belly.”]  Belonging  to  the  belly. 

Coe'liac  Pas  sion.  [Pas'sso  Cceli'- 
aca.]  A chronic  flux,  in  which  the  ali- 
ment is  discharged  half  digested;  the 
Diarrhoe’ a cceli’aca  of  Cullen. 

127 


COE 


COL 


£oe'liac  Plex'us.  A name  for  the 

Solar  Plexus,  which  see. 

£oe-li'a-ca.*  [Neuter  plural  of  coeli'- 
aciia.  See  Cceliac.]  The  first  class  of 
Dr.  Good’s  Nosology,  embracing  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  Some- 
times applied  to  medicines  which  act  on 
those  organs. 

Cceliaeus.  S^e  Cceliac. 

£oe-li-aI'gi-a.*  [From  coe'lia,  the 
“ belly, ” and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  belly. 

Ccensesthesls,*  sen-es-the'sis.  [From 
Ko  vog,  “common,”  and  diad.qatg,  “percep- 
tion,” “feeling,”  or  “sensibility.”]  A 
term  expressive  of  the  general  feeling  or 
consciousness  in  the  entire  body;  con- 
sciousness of  existence.  Some  writers 
have  termed  it  a sixth  sense,  not  limited, 
like  the  other  senses,  to  one  particular 
part,  but  common  to  the  whole  system. 

£oe-mi'rus.*  [From  koivo;,  “com- 
mon,” and  d’jpa,  a “tail”  or  “hinder 
part.”]  A cce'nure,  or  hydatid,  contain- 
ing several  animals  ( Entozoa ) grouped 
together  and  adhering  to  its  sides,  which 
thus  form  a common  base  or  termination 
of  many  heads  and  bodies. 

CoernlensLapis.  See  Blue-Stone. 

Cceruleus  Morbus.  See  Cyanosis. 

Coeur,  kuR.  The  French  word  for 
“heart.”  See  Cor,  and  Heart. 

Cof'fe-a.*  (See  Caffe  a.)  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria, 
natural  order  Cinchonacese  (according  to 
Lindley,  though  formerly  ranked  with 
the  R ibiacese). 

Cof'fea  A-rab'I-ca.*  The  plant 
which  affords  coffee.  See  Caffea  Arab- 
1CA. 

Cof 'fee.  [Lat.  Caf Tea,  or  Cof'fea ; 

Fr.  Cafe , k&'f&'.J  The  seed  of  the  Caf- 
fea Arab'ica,  a tree  from  fifteen  to 
thirty  feet  in  height,  growing  native  in 
Southern  Arabia  and  Abyssinia,  and 
cultivated  extensively  in  Java,  Ceylon, 
and  other  parts  of  the  East  Indies;  also 
in  South  America  and  the  West  India 
isl  mds.  The  infusion  of  the  roasted 
seeds  is  exhilarating  and  tonic,  and  has 
been  used,  it  is  said,  with  the  most  bene- 
ficial results  in  cases  of  poisoning  with 
opium,  and  chronic  asthma.  Coffee  ( Caf- 
fea) has  been  assigned  a place  on  the 
Primary  List  of  the  Materia  Medica  in 
the  last  edition  of  the  U S.  Pharmaco- 
poeia (I860).  See  Caffein. 

Co-hab-I-ta'tion.  [Cohabita'tio, 
o'ni h ; from  co  for  con,  “together,”  and 
hnl/ito,  habita'tnm,  to  “dwell.”]  In 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  the  dwelling  to- 
128 


gether  of  two  persons  of  opposite  sex, 
including  the  habit  of  venereal  congress, 
without  the  sanction  of  marriage. 

Co-he'sion.  [Cohe'sio,  o'nis;  from 
co  for  con,  “together,”  and  hse'reo,  hsd- 
sum,  to  “stick.”]  The  power  by  which 
the  particles  of  bodies  adhere  to  each 
other. 

Co-ho-ba'tion.  [(ohoba'tio.  o' nis; 
from  co'hob,  used  by  Paracelsus  to  sig- 
nify repetition.]  The  pouring  of  a fluid 
again  and  again  on  the  matter  from 
which  it  was  distilled,  and  as  often  dis- 
tilling it,  to  render  it  more  efficacious. 

Coiti©,*  ko-ish'e-o,  or  Co-i'tion. 
The  same  as  Coitus,  which  see. 

Co'i-tus.*  [From  co  for  con , “to- 
gether,” and  e'o,  i'tum,  to  “go”  or 
“come.”]  The  coming  together  of  male 
and  female  in  the  act  of  procreation. 
In  Chemistry,  the  union  of  substances 
by  incorporation  or  mixture. 

Coke.  The  charcoal  obtained  by 
heating  bituminous  coal  with  the  imper- 
fect access  of  air,  or  by  its  distillation. 
The  former  is  usually  called  oven  coke, 
the  latter  gas  coke,  being  abundantly 
produced  in  gas-works.  The  weight  of 
coke  usually  amounts  to  between  sixty 
and  seventy  per  cent,  of  the  coal  em- 
ployed. Coke  is  a valuable  fuel  for 
many  purposes  in  the  arts. 

Col.  A French  word  signifying  “the 
neck.”  See  Collum. 

Col'a-to'ri-um.'^  [From  co'lo,  cola'- 
tum,  to  “strain.”]  A strainer  of  any 
kind;  a sieve. 

Col-a-tu'ra.*  [From  the  same.]  Any 
filtered  or  strained  liquor. 

Col'chi-^i  Cor' inns.*  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (Brit.  Ph.)  for  the  bulbs  of 
Colchicum  autumn  ale. 

Col'chici  Ita'dix.*  (“Boot  of  Col- 
chicum.”) The  cormus  of  Col'chicum 
antumna'le  (U.S.  Ph.). 

Col'chici  Se'men.*  (“Seed  of  Col- 
chicum.”) The  seed  of  Col'chicum  au- 
tumna’le  (U.S.  and  Brit.  Ph.). 

Col'chici  Sem'i-na.5  (“  Seeds  of 
Colchicum.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  seeds  of  the  Col'chi- 
cum  antumna'le. 

Colchicia,*  kol-chish'e-a.  The  same 
as  Colchicin. 

Col'chl-cin,  or  Col  'chi-cine.  [Col- 
chici'na.j  An  alkaloid  substance  ob- 
tained from  Col'chicum  antumna'le , of 
which  it  is  believed  to  be  the  active 
principle. 

Colchicum,*  kol'che-kum.  [From 
Col'chis,  a country  of  Asia.]  A Linnaean 


COL 


COL 


genus  of  the  class  Hexandria,  natural 
order  Melcuithacese.  The  name  is  often 
used  as  synonymous  with  Col’chicum 
autumna'le , including  the  various  pre- 
parations of  the  root  and  seeds. 

Col'chl-cum  Au-tum-na'le.*  The 
meadow  saffron.  The  root  and  the  seeds 
appear  to  possess  similar  medicinal  pro- 
perties. The  former  is  narcotic,  diu- 
retic, and  cathartic.  From  its  sedative 
effects,  it  has  often  proved  very  useful  in 
gout  and  rheumatism.  In  an  over-dose, 
however,  it  sometimes  produces  exces- 
sive nausea,  vomiting  and  purging, 
sinking  of  the  pulse,  attended  with  ex- 
treme prostration,  and  may  prove  fatal. 

Col'co-thar.  A mixture  of  red  oxide 
of  iron  and  the  persulphate,  used  as  a 
paint,  etc. 

Cold.  [Fri'gus,go'ns,  Catar'rluis.] 

Properly,  the  privation  of  heat.  In 
popular  language,  it  denotes  a catarrh, 
cough,  or  other  effects  from  exposure  to 
cold. 

Co-le-op'ter-a.*  An  order  of  insects. 
See  next  article. 

Co-le-op'ter-us.*  [From  ko\c6s,  a 
u sheath/’  and  irrepos,  a “wing.”]  Applied 
in  the  neuter  plural  ( Coleop'tera ) to  an 
order  of  insects  in  which  the  inferior 
wings  are  covered  by  others  like  sheaths 
or  cases : coleop'terous. 

Co-le-o-rlii'za.*  [From  Ko\eog,  a 
u sheath,”  and  piC,a,  a “root.”]  Applied 
in  Botany  to  a kind  of  case  which  en- 
velops certain  radicles. 

Co'les.*  [Essentially  the  same  word 
as  Cau’lis : both  are  derived  from  Ka"\og, 
a “stalk,”  or  “stem.”]  Originally,  a 
stalk;  but  used  by  Celsus  as  a designa- 
tion of  the  penis. 

Col'ic.  (Fr.  Colique,  ko’l&k'.)  (See 
Col'ica.)  Acute  pain  in  the  abdomen, 
aggravated  at  intervals.  So  named 
from  its  having  been  supposed  to  have 
its  seat  in  the  colon. 

Col'i-ca.*  [From  coVicus , “pertain- 
ing to  the  colon ,”  pas'sio,  “suffering,” 
or  “pain,”  being  usually  understood. 
See  Colica  Passio.]  Literally,  pain  in 
the  colon,  or  large  intestine.  The  colic, 
or  belly-ache.  A genus  of  the  order 
Spasmt,  class  Adynamise , of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Col'ica  Accidenta'lis.*  Colic  in- 
duced by  particular  articles  of  diet. 
This  may  also  be  flatulent  colic.  See 
Colica  Flatulenta. 

Col'ica  Bilio'sa.*  Bilious  colic,  oc- 
casioned by  an  excess  of  bile  in  the 
intestines. 


Col'ica  Calculo'sa.*  [From  cal'cn - 
lus.]  Colic  caused  by  intestinal  calculi. 

Col'ica  Flatulen'ta.*  [From  fla’tus, 
“wind.”]  Flatulent  colic,  caused  bji 
wind  in  the  intestines. 

Col'ica  Meconia'lis.*  Colic  result- 
ing from  retention  of  the  meconium  in 
infants. 

Col'ica  Pas'sio*  (pash'e-o).  Another 
name  for  colic.  See  Colica. 

Col'ica  Pic'tonum.*  The  “colic  of 
the  Pictones,”  a name  for  the  people  of 
Poitou,  where  it  is  said  to  have  been  an 
endemic.  Otherwise  called  dry  belly- 
ache; Devonshire  colic:  painter's  colic 
{Col’ica  picto’  rum) ; also  Col'ica  saturni’- 
na,  as  being  produced  by  the  poison  of 
lead. 

Col'ica  Picto'rum.*  [From  pi  v' tor, 
a “painter.”]  “Painter’s  Colic.”  See 
Colica  Pictonum. 

Col'ica  Sterco'rea.*  [From  ster '- 
cns,  ster’coris,  “faeces.”]  Colic  arising 
from  an  excessive  accumulation  of  the 
contents  of  the  bowels. 

Col'I-eus.*  Belonging  to  the  colon. 

Col-i-for'mis.*  [From  co'lrnn,  a 
“colander,”  or  “strainer,”  a “sieve.”] 
Col'iform.  Resembling  a sieve,  or  sieve- 
like. Applied  to  the  ethmoid  bone  {os 
colifor'me ). 

Colique.  See  Colic. 

Co-li'tis.*  [From  co'/on.]  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  colon. 

C©riaPis'cium;:-(pish'e-um).  “ Glue 
of  Fishes.”  See  Ichtiiyocolla. 

Col'la-gen.  [From  koXKul,  “glue,”  and 
ycwau),  to  “ produce.”]  The  chief  con- 
stituent of  bone,  cartilage,  ligaments, 
tendons,  etc.  By  boiling  it  forms  glue 
or  gelatin. 

Col-lapse'.  [Collap'sus ; from  col’ - 
labor , collap’ 8U8,  to  “fall  down.”]  A 
state  of  extreme  depression  or  complete 
prostration  of  the  vital  powers,  as  occurs 
in  Asiatic  cholera,  etc. 

Col'lar.  [Colla're;  from  col’lum , 
the  “ neck.”]  The  prothorax , or  ante- 
rior segment  of  the  trunk,  in  insects. 

Col'lar-Bone.  The  clavicle. 

Col-le'sis.*  [From  koWZ o>,  to  “ glue.”] 
An  old  term  for  Agglutination. 

Collet,  koriii'.  A French  term  signi- 
fying “a  collar.”  See  Neck. 

Col-lic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  coV - 
Us . a “hill,”  or  “elevation.”]  A little 
hill,  or  eminence.  Applied  in  Anatomy 
to  various  small  elevations  or  protube- 
rances. 

Collic'ulus  l^er'vi  iEth-moi-da'- 
lis.*  (“Protuberance  of  the  Ethmoid 
129 


12 


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COL 


Nerve.”)  The  same  as  the  Corpus 
Striatum,  which  see. 

Collic'ailusNer'viOi>'ti-ci.^(a  Pro- 
tuberance of  the  Optic  Nerve.”)  The 
optic  thalamus. 

Collie' ill ii*  Sem-I-na'lis.*  (“  Semi- 
nal Protuberance.”)  A small  elevation 
in  the  prostate  gland. 

Col-liq-ua-men'tuin.*  [From  col- 
liq'ueo , to  “melt;”  so  called,  probably,  in 
allusion  to  its  exceeding  softness,  or 
want  of  firm  consistency.]  A term  ap- 
plied by  Harvey  to  the  first  rudiments 
of  the  embryo  in  generation. 

Col-liq'ua-ilve.  [Colliquati'vus; 
from  colUq'neo , to  “melt.”]  Applied  to 
any  excessive  discharge  or  evacuation. 

Col-lo'di-um,*  or  Col-lo'di-on.* 
[From  KiiAAa,  “glue.”]  A peculiar  sub- 
stance prepared  by  dissolving  gun-cotton 
in  sulphuric  ether.  For  particular  direc- 
tions in  its  preparation,  see  U.S.  Phar- 
macopoeia. 1860,  page  125.  It  is  much 
used  as  an  application  to  abraded  surfaces 
and  superficial  wounds.  When  applied 
to  a part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  a 
solid  adhesive  material  is  left,  which  acts 
like  adhesive  plaster,  keeping  the  parts 
together  and  excluding  the  air. 

Collo'dium  cum  Can-tliar'i-de.* 
(“  Collodion  with  Cantharides,”  U.S.  Ph., 
1860.)  A preparation  of  collodion  and 
cantharides,  used  as  a blistering  appli- 
cation. It  produces  a blister  in  about 
the  same  time  as  the  ordinary  cerate, 
and  has  the  great  advantage  of  being 
easily  applied  to  uneven  surfaces. 

Colloid.  [Colloi'des;  from  *6A\a, 
“glue,”  and  eido;,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling glue. 

Col-lo-ne'ma,  a tis*  [From  KoWa , 
“glue.”]  A very  soft  tumor,  containing 
a clear,  grayish -yellow  substance  like 
gelatine,  or  fresh  glue. 

Col'lum.*  [Diminutive  of  colum'- 
na , a “pillar”?]  (Fr.  Col , kol,  and  Cou , 
koo.)  The  neck.  Applied  to  any  part 
which,  from  its  situation,  form,  or  con- 
nection, resembles  a neck. 

Col-lu-to'rl-um.*  [From  col'luo , 
collu'tum.  to  “wash.”]  A gargle;  a 
liquid  applied  to  the  mouth  or  throat  for 
local  purposes. 

Col-lyr'I-um.*  [Gr.  KoWvpm^,  a 
“little  cake;”  diminutive  of  KoWvpa , a 
“small  loaf”  or  “roll  of  bread.”] 
Originally,  an  eye-salve  made  up  in 
small  cakes  ; or,  any  salve.  Now  usually 
applied  to  a wash  or  lotion  for  the  eyes. 

Co-lo-bo'in>,  at  is*  [From  koXoMm, 
to  “mutilate.”]  A mutilation,  or  defect. 

130 


Colobo'ma  Ir'i-dis.*  (“Mutilation 
of  the  Iris.”)  A name  applied  to  fissures 
of  the  lower  portion  of  the  iris  with 
a prolongation  of  the  pupil  to  the  edge 
of  the  cornea. 

Colocynth.  See  Colocynthis. 

Col-o-cyuthis,  id  is*  [From  ko\o~ 
kdi/Qu,  a “gourd.”]  Col'ocynth.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  dried  pulp 
of  the  bitter  cucumber;  also  called  Colo- 
quin'tida.  The  pulp  of  colocynth  is  a 
powerful  hydragogue  cathartic,  and,  as 
such,  is  sometimes  given  in  dropsy.  In 
large  doses,  however,  it  is  a dangerous 
poison.  It  is  most  frequently  administered 
in  combination  with  other  medicines. 

Co-lom'ba.*  The  former  Pharma- 
copoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  root  of 
the  Coc' cuius  palma'tus.  See  Calumba, 
and  Columbo. 

Co'lon.*  [Gr.  *wAoy.]  That  portion 
of  the  large  intestine  extending  from  the 
caecum  to  the  rectum. 

Co-loph'o-ny.  [Colopho'nia;  from 
CoVophon,  a city  of  Ionia,  whence  it  was 
originally  obtained  ] A dark-colored 
resin,  prepared  from  the  distillation  of 
rough  turpentine  without  water. 

Coloquiute,  ko'lo'kaxt'.  The  French 
term  for  colocynth.  See  Colocynthis. 
Coloquintida.  See  Colocynthis. 

Col  ored.  [Colora'tus;  from  colo 
ro , color  a'  turn,  to  “color.”]  Applied  in 
Botany  to  objects  of  any  other  color 
than  green. 

Col-o-rif 'ic.  [Colorif 'icus;  from 

co'lor,  and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  Making 
or  producing  colors.  Applied  to  the  lu- 
minous rays. 

Col'or-iiig*  Mat'ter.  A coloring 
principle  existing  in  vegetable  sub- 
stances. Colors  are  termed  substantive 
when  they  adhere  to  the  cloth  without  a 
basis ; adjective , when  they  require  a 
basis  or  mordant. 

Col-os-tra'tion.  [Colostra'tio, 

o ’nisi]  A term  for  the  diseases  of  new 
born  infants,  caused  by  the  colos- 
trum. 

Co-los'tric.  [Colos'trfcus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  colostrum. 

Colos'tric  Flu  id.  The  imperfect 
secretion  of  milk  ere  the  mother  has 
recovered  from  delivery,  on  account  of 
the  presence  of  colostrum ; popularly, 
“green  milk.” 

fo-los'trons.  [Colost ro'sus;  from 
colos'trum.]  Having  colostrum,  or  full 
of  colostrum. 

Co-los'trum.*  [Perhaps  from  ko\6v, 
“food.”]  A substance  in  the  first  milk 


COL 


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after  delivery,  giving  to  it  a greenish  or 
yellowish  color. 

Co-lot/o-my.  [Coloto'mia ; from 
co' ion,  and  rtfu o>,  to  “cut.”]  Cutting 
into  the  colon. 

Col'po-$ele.*  [From  KoXnog,  the 
“womb,”  or  “vagina,”  and  KrjXrj,  a “tu- 
mor.”] Her'nia  vagina' lis,  or  hernia  in 
the  vagina. 

Col-pop-to'sis.*  [From  KoXnog,  the 
“womb,”  or  “vagina,”  and  nrokrig,  a 
“falling.”]  Falling  down,  or  prolapsus, 
of  the  vagina. 

Coirs  Foot.  See  Tussilago  Far- 

FARA. 

Col'u-ber  Be'rus.*  The  systematic 
name  for  the  viper,  a poisonous  snake 
common  in  Europe. 

Co-lum'bic  A$'iil.  An  acid  obtained 
by  fusing  the  ore  of  Colambium  with  the 
carbonate  or  the  bisulphate  of  potassa;  a 
soluble  columbate  of  potass  is  obtained, 
and  the  acid  is  precipitated  in  the  form 
of  a white  hydrate. 

Co-liim'bi-um.*  [From  Colum'bia, 
one  of  the  names  of  America.]  A metal 
first  found  (in  1801)  in  a mineral  dis- 
covered in  Massachusetts.  It  has  since 
been  found  in  a Swedish  mineral  called 
Tantalite ; but  its  ores  are  extremely 
rare. 

C©-lu  m' bo.*  The  common  name 
for  the  root  of  the  Cor' cuius  palma'tus. 
(See  Calumba.)  This  root  is  one  of  the 
most  valuable  of  the  mild  tonics.  Being 
without  astringency,  it  is  generally  ac- 
ceptable to  the  stomach,  and  is  an  ex- 
cellent remedy  in  cases  of  simple  debility 
of  the  digestive  organs  or  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal,  resulting  from  whatever 
cause. 

Columella.  See  Colgmnella. 

Columelliaceae,*  kol-u-mel-le-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Columel'lia,  one  of  the 
genera.]  An  obscure  natural  order  of 
exogenous  shrubs  and  trees,  found  in 
Mexico  and  Peru.  Allied  to  the  Jas- 
minacese. 

Co-Ium'na,*  plural  Co-liim'nse. 

[Fr.  Golonne,  ko'lonn'.]  Literally,  a 
“column,”  or  “pillar.”  Often  applied  in 
Anatomy  to  parts  supposed  to  resemble 
a column,  as  those  of  the  ve'lum  pala'ti, 
and  the  columns  carnese,  or  muscular 
fasciculi  of  the  internal  walls  of  the 
heart.. 

Colwm'na  Xa'si.*  (“  Column  of  the 
Nose.”)  The  fleshy  termination  of  the 
septum  of  the  nose. 

Coliiui'na  O'ris.*  (“  Column  of  the 
Mouth.”)  The  uvula. 


Colum  na  Ver-te-bra'lis.*  (“Yer 
tebral  Column.”)  The  spinal  column. 

Col-um'iue  Car'ne-ae.*  (“Fleshy 
Columns.”)  (Fr.  Colonnes  Charnues, 
ko'lonn'  shaR'nii'.)  The  muscular  pro- 
jections in  the  ventricles  of  the  heart. 

Co-lum'nar.  [Coiiuuiiia'ris;  from 
colum’na , a “pillar.”]  Belonging  to  a 
pillar  or  column ; pillar-like. 

Col-um-nel'la,*  or  Col-u-mel'la.* 
[Diminutive  of  colum'na.]  Applied  in 
Botany  to  a substance  passing  through 
the  capsule,  connecting  the  several  par- 
titions and  seeds. 

Col-um-nif'er-ous.  [Columiiif'- 

erus;  from  colum'na,  a “column,”  and 
fe’ro , to  “bear.”]  Applied  in  Botany 
to  plants  that  have  the  stamens  and 
pistil  like  a column  in  the  middle  of  the 
flower. 

Co- 1 uni' mi -la.*  [Diminutive  of 
colum'na.\  The  filament  which  passes 
through  the  middle  of  the  capsule  of 
frondose  mosses. 

Coluvrine  lie  Virginie,  ko'lii  vr^n' 
deh  v£Rvzh6'n&'.  The  French  for  Vir- 
ginia Snake-root.  See  Aristolochia. 

Col'za  Oil.  A liquid  extracted  from 
the  grain  of  the  Bras' sica  Arven'sis,  used 
in  making  soft  soap. 

Co'ma,  a tis,*  plural  Co'ma-ta.  [Gr. 
K(Ofxa,  “ deep  sleep.”]  A state  of  lethargic 
drowsiness,  produced  by  compression  of 
the  brain  and  other  causes. 

Co'ma.*  [Gr.  k 6 pn,  the  “hair  of  the 
head.”]  Literally,  a “head  of  hair.” 
Applied  in  Botany  to  a bush  or  head  of 
Jeaves  terminating  a stem. 

Co'ma-Vig'il.*  (“Watchful  Coma.”) 
The  lethargic  condition  of  the  patient  in 
bad  cases  of  typhus,  in  which  he  is 
watchful  and  muttering  in  delirium. 

Co'ma-ta,*  the  plural  of  Co'ma.  Ap- 
plied to  soporose  diseases.  An  order  of 
the  class  Neuroses  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Co'ma-tose.  [Comato'sus ; from 
co'ma.]  Having  a constant  propensity 
to  sleep ; full  of  sleep. 

Com-bi-na'tion.  [Combina'tio, 
o’nis;  from  com'bino,  combina'tum,  to 
“set  in  couples  together”  (from  con , 
“together,”  and  bi'nus,  “two  by  two”).] 
A true  chemical  union  of  two  or  more 
substances,  as  opposed  to  mere  mechani- 
cal mixture. 

Combretaceae,*  kom-bre-ta'she-e. 
[From  Combre'tum, one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs  and 
trees,  all  natives  of  the  tropics,  mostly 
astringents.  Some  species  of  it  produce 
valuable  dyestuffs. 


in 


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Corn-bus 'tion.  [Combust  io,  o 'nis  ; 
from  combu'ro , combus'tum , to  “burn.”] 
Burning.  The  evolution  of  heat  and 
light  during  chemical  action,  by  absorb- 
ing oxygen  from  atmospheric  air. 

Combustion,  Preternatural, 
Combustion,  Spontaneous.  See 
Spontaneous  Combustion. 

Coin'et.  [Come'ta,  or  Come'tes; 
from  the  Greek  Kognr^,  “long-haired;” 
from  the  stream  of  light  usually  ap- 
pended to  them,  like  a tail.]  The  name 
of  a heavenly  body,  supposed  to  be 
planetary,  forming  a part  of  our  system. 

Commamler’s  Balsam.  See  Tinc- 

TURA  BENZOINI. 

Commelynacese,*  or  Commeli- 
nacese,*  kom-me-le-na'she-e.  [From 
Commelif'na , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  including  the  Spider-wort,  Tra- 
des can  tia. 

Com'mi-nut-ed.  [Comminu'tus; 

from  commin' no,  comminu'  turn,  to  “ break” 
or  “crush  into  small  pieces.”]  Applied 
to  fractures  in  which  the  bone  is  broken 
into  several  pieces. 

Com-mis-su'ra.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  mit'to,  mis’ sum,  to  “put.”] 
A joining  together;  something  which 
joins  together : a com'missure. 

Commissu'ra  Mag'na.*  (“Great 
Commissure.”)  The  Corpus  callosum. 

Commissu'ra  Mol' las.*  (“Soft 
Commissure.”)  The  name  of  the  gray 
mass  uniting  the  thalami  of  the  brain. 

Commissure.  See  Commissura. 

Common  lai teguments.  See  In- 
teguments. 

Com-mu'ni-cans,*  plural  Com- 
mu-na-can'tes.  [The  present  parti- 
ciple of  comnui'nico , communica' turn,  to 
“communicate.”]  Communicating;  that 
which  establishes  communication. 

Commu  nicans  Tib'i-ae.*  (“Com- 
municating [Nerve]  of  the  Tibia.”)  Ap- 
plied to  th  5 external  saphcnal  branch  of 
the  tibial  nerve. 

Communicans  Wil-lis'I-i.* 

(“Communicating  [Artery]  of  Willis.”) 
A branch  of  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
passing  to  the  posterior  cerebral  artery. 

Com-mu-ni-can'tei  Ar-te'rl-se.* 
(“  Communicating  Arteries.”)  Of  these, 
there  are  two  within  the  cranium,  the 
principal  of  which  is  the  Communicans 
Willisii. 

Comparative  Anatomy.  See  Anat- 
omy, Comparative. 

Com-plex'us.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  plec’to,  plcx'uin,  to  “plait,” 
132 


to  “weave.”]  Literally,  “woven  to- 
gether.” Applied  to  a muscle  situated 
at  the  back  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  so 
named  from  the  intricate  mixture  of  its 
muscular  and  tendinous  parts.  It  is 
attached  to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to 
the  cervical  and  upper  dorsal  vertebrae. 

Com  'pli-cat-ed.  [Complica'  tus : 
from  con,  “ together,”  and  pli’co,  plica' - 
turn,  to  “fold,”  to  “knit.”]  Applied  to 
fractures  that  are  combined  with  other 
circumstances  that  make  their  treatment 
difficult;  as  a wounded  artery,  disloca- 
tion, injury  of  the  viscera,  etc. 

Com-pli-ca'tion.  [Complica'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  the  same]  The  coexistence 
of  two  or  more  diseases,  which  modify 
each  other,  without  being  in  their  nature 
inseparable. 

Composite,*  kom-poz'e-te.  [From 
con,  “together,”  and  po'no,  pos'iturn,  to 
“put.”]  The  largest  of  all  known  na- 
tural groups  of  plants,  and  so  called 
because  the  old  botanists  who  invented 
the  name  regarded  the  flower-heads  as 
compound  flowers.  It  answers  to  the 
Syngenesia  poly  garni  a of  Linnaeus.  It  is 
characterized  by  having  capitate  flowers, 
syngenesious  anthers,  and  an  inferior 
ovary,  with  a single  erect  ovule.  This 
order  includes  about  nine  hundred 
genera  and  eight  thousand  species. 

Com-pos'i-tus.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  j>o'no,  pos'iturn,  to  “put.”] 
Compound;  opposed  to  “simple.”  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  feminine  to  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Composite. 

Compote  (Fr.),  koM'pot'.  (A  con- 
traction of  Compositus,  which  see.) 
Fruits  preserved  with  sugar:  generally 
stone  fruits. 

Compound.  [Compositus;  a 

corruption  of  componed,  passive  parti- 
ciple, from  the  obsolete  verb  compone , to 
“put  together,”  to  “arrange.”  See 
Compositus.]  Applied  in  Mineralogy 
to  a form  contained  under  pbines  not 
homologous,  or  equal,  similar,  and 
equally  disposed  to  each  other.  In 
Pharmacy  and  Chemistry,  applied  to 
a mixture  or  substance  composed  of  two 
or  moro  ingredients  or  elements. 

Compound  Blowpipe.  See  Blow- 
pipe. 

Com  pound  Frac  ture.  A term  in 
Surgery  denoting  a case  wherein  the 
fracture  of  the  bone  is  accompanied  with 
laceration  of  tho  integuments,  causing 
an  external  wound.  See  Fracture. 

Com'press.  [Compres'sus;  from 
con,  “ together,”  and  prc'mo,  pres' sum,  to 


COM 


CON 


* press.”]  Literally,  “ something  pressed 
together.”  A portion  of  folded  linen, 
lint,  or  other  material,  made  into  a kind 
of  pad  to  be  placed  over  parts  which 
require  particular  pressure. 

Coin-pressed ' . [Coin pres  sus ; 
from  the  same.]  Flattened  in  a lateral 
direction. 

Com-pres-sI-bil'I-ty.  [From  the 
same.]  A property  of  masses  of  matter, 
by  which  their  particles  are  capable  of 
being  brought  nearer  together.  Bodies 
which  recover  their  former  bulk  on 
removal  of  the  compressing  cause  are 
called  elastic. 

Coin-pres'sion.  [Compres'sio, 

o 'nis;  from  the  same  ] The  act  of 
compressing,  or  pressing  together.  Ap- 
plied to  an  abnormal  state  of  a part 
produced  by  something  pressing  upon 
it : generally  used  in  reference  to  the 
brain. 

Com-pres'sor,  o'ris*  [From  the 
same.]  That  which  compresses.  Applied 
to  a muscle  which  presses  upon  any 
part.  In  Surgery,  it  denotes  a certain 
instrument. 

Compressor  of  Bupuytren.  See 

Dupuytren,  Compressor  of. 

Compressor  Pros'ta-tse.*  (“The 
Compressor  of  the  Prostate  [Gland].”) 
The  anterior  fibres  of  the  Levator  ani , 
which  embrace  the  prostate  gland. 

Con.  A Latin  particle  signifying 
“together,”  and  sometimes  “with.”  It 
is  usually  changed  to  com  before  b,  m , 
and  p,  and  to  co  before  a vowel,  or  h. 
Hence  we  have  combine , compress , instead 
of  conbine  and  conpress : coagulate  and 
cohabit , instead  of  conagulate  and  con- 
habit.  Sometimes  con  is  intensive,  as 
concu'tio,  concus'sum , to  “shake  vio- 
lently.” 

Co-na'rl-um.*  [Fromv  ^oj,  a “cone.”] 
Another  name  for  the  pineal  gland;  so 
called  on  account  of  its  conical  form. 

Con-cat'e-nate.  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and cate'>m,a“chain.”]  “Chained 
together.”  A term  applied  to  the  glands 
of  the  neck,  presenting  in  children  a kind 
of  knotty  cord,  extending  from  behind 
the  ear  to  the  collar-bone. 

C»n-cau  sa.:?  [From  con,  “together,” 
and  cau'sa,  a “'cause.”]  A cause  com- 
bined with  another:  a concause. 

Con'cave.  [From  con,  intensive,  and 
ea'vus,  “hollow.”]  Regularly  hollowed 
out,  like  the  inside  of  a hollow  sphere. 

foa-cfivo-con'cave.  [Con'cavo- 
con'cavus.]  Having  two  concave 
faces. 


Con-ca'vo-con'vex,  [Con'cavo- 
convex'us.]  Having  one  face  concave, 
the  other  convex. 

Con-cen'trate.  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  ceu'trnm,  a “centre.”] 
Literally,  to  “bring  together  [as  an 
army]  towards  a common  centre  :”  hence, 
to  condense,  to  strengthen. 

Con-cen-tra'tion.  [Concentra- 
tio,  o 'nis ; from  the  same.]  Applied  in 
Chemistry  to  the  operation  of  rendering 
a fluid  stronger  by  evaporating  a por- 
tion of  the  water  it  contains. 

Con-een'tric.  [Concen'tricus ; 
from  con,  “together”  or  “with,”  and 
cen’trum , a “centre.”]  Having  one 
common  centre. 

Con-^ep ' ta-cle.  [Conccptac'u- 

luiii ; from  concip'io,  concep'tnm,  to 
“conceive.”]  Applied  in  Botany  to  the 
case  or  vessel  containing  the  reproduc- 
tive corpuscles  in  cryptogamous  plants. 
The  conceptacles  are  also  termed  cap- 
sules, thecse,  and  sporangiee. 

Con-cep'tion.  [From  the  sarAe.] 
The  impregnation  of  the  female  ovulum 
in  the  ovarium  by  the  semen  of  the  male, 
whence  results  a new  being. 

Concep' tion,  False.  An  imperfect 
impregnation  or  blighted  ovum. 

Concha,*  konk'a.  [Gr.*6yx>7,a“shell.”] 
Literally,  a “shell.”  Applied  in  Anato- 
my to  the  hollow  portion  of  the  external 
ear,  etc. 

Con'chse  Xa'rl-iim.*  (The  “Shells 
of  the  Nostrils.”)  The  turbinated  por- 
tion of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  the  infe- 
rior spongy  bones. 

Con-chi f'er-a.*  [From  con'cha , a 
“ shell,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear,”  to  “ carry.”] 
The  second  class  of  the  Cyclo-gangliata, 
or  Jifollusca,  comprising  acephalous 
aquatic  animals  covered  with  a bivalve 
or  multivalve  shell. 

Con-chif 'er-ons.  [Conchif 'erns  ; 
from  the  same.]  Bearing,  or  having, 
shells. 

Conch 'oid.  [Conchoi'des;  from 
xoyxn , a “shell,”  and  eidos,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a shell. 

Con-choi'dal.  The  same  as  Con- 
choid. 

Con-chol'o-gy.  [Concholo'gia ; 

from  Koyxn,  a “shell,”  and  A>yo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  science  of  shells;  that 
branch  of  Natural  History  which  treats 
of  the  form,  structure,  and  peculiarities 
of  shells. 

Conch'us.*  [From  Koyxn,  a “shell.”] 
The  cranium.  In  the  plural  (Con'chi) 
it  is  applied  to  the  cavities  of  the  eye. 

133 


12* 


CON 


CON 


Con-cliyl-e-ont'e-ter.  [Concltyli- 
oni'etriun;  from  Koy\v\ior,  a “ shell, ” 
and  fiirfov,  a “ measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  measuring  shells. 

Con-cliyl-i-o-lo'&i-a.#  [From  xoy- 
XvXio  , a “shell,”  and  Aoyoj,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  same  as  Conchology. 

Con-coc'tion.  [Concoc'tio,  o'jijs; 
from  con,  intensive,  and  co' quo,  coc’tum, 
to  “cook,”  to  “digest.”]  The  changing 
process  which  the  food  undergoes  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels:  the  same  as  Diges- 
tion, though  the  latter  is  by  some  medi- 
cal writers  limited  to  the  process  in  the 
stomach. 

Con-crete',  or  kong'kret.  [Con- 
cre'tus;  from  con,  “together,”  and  cres' - 
eo,  ere1  turn,  to  “grow.”]  Applied  to  sub- 
stances converted  from  a fluid  to  a more 
solid  consistence. 

Con-cre'tion.  [Concre'tio,  o’nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  growing  together 
of  parts  naturally  separate,  as  the  lingers 
or  toes.  Applied  in  Chemistry  to  the 
condensation  of  a fluid,  or  other  sub- 
stance, into  a more  solid  consistence. 

Con-cu'bi-tus.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  cu'bo,  cu’bitum,  to  “lie.”] 
The  same  as  Coitus. 

Con-cus'sion.  [Concus'sio,  o'nis  ; 
from  concu'tio,  caucus' sum,  to  “shake,” 
to  “shake  violently.”]  A diseased  state, 
producing  alarming  symptoms,  caused 
by  great  violence  offered  to  the  head, 
though  no  fissure,  fracture,  or  extravasa- 
tion can  be  discovered. 

Con-den-sa'tion.  [Condensa'tio, 
o’nis ; from  con,  “together,”  and  den’ so, 
densa'tum,  to  “thicken,”  to  “make 
thick.”]  The  process  of  bringing  the 
component  parts  of  vapor  or  gas  nearer 
to  each  other  by  pressure  or  cold.  Ap- 
plied to  increased  density  or  solidity  of 
the  blood  or  tissues. 

Con-den 'ser,  or  Con-den-sa'tor.* 
[From  the  same.]  A vessel  or  apparatus 
for  condensing  gas,  vapor,  or  air.  Also 
an  instrument  for  rendering  sensible 
the  weakest  quantities  of  electricity. 

Con-dl-men'ta.*  [The  plural  of 
condimen' turn,  a “ sauce”  or  “ seasoning 
from  con’dio,  to  “season.”]  Condi- 
ments: substances  taken  with  the  food  to 
improve  its  flavor,  to  promote  its  diges- 
tion, or  to  correct  its  injurious  qualities. 

Con-duc'tion.  [Conduc'tio,  o'nis; 
from  condu’co,  conduc'tum,  to  “lead  to- 
gether,” to  “conduct.”]  The  passing 
of  caloric  or  electricity  from  one  particle 
of  matter  to  another,  as  in  an  iron  rod 
heated  at  one  end,  in  which  case  the 
134 


caloric  is  conducted  gradually  along  the 
particles  of  the  iron. 

ton-duc'tor,  o'rw.*  [From  the 
same.]  Applied  to  a body  which  readily 
transmits  electricity  or  caloric. 

Con-dn'pii-cate.  [Conduplica- 
tus;  from  con,  “together,”  and  dupli- 
ca'tus , “doubled.”]  Folded  together. 

Con'dyle.  [Condylus;  from  kov - 
SuXos,  a “knuckle,”  a “knob.”]  The 
round  eminence  at  the  end  of  a bone  in 
a joint. 

Con'dy-loid.  [Condyloi'des;  from 
kov6j\os,  a “knob,”  a “condyle,”  and  sido;, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  a condyle. 

Con-dy-lo'ma,  a tis.&  [From  ko^SoXos, 
a “knob”  or  “tubercle.”]  A small,  hard 
tumor,  or  wart-like  excrescence,  about 
the  anus  and  pudendum  of  both  sexes. 

Cone.  [Lat.  Co'nus;  Gr.  kmi/o;.]  A 
solid  formed  by  the  rotation  of  a right- 
angled  triangle  about  its  perpendicular, 
called  the  axis  of  the  cone. 

Cone-Shaped.  See  Conical. 

Co-ne'in,  or  Co-ne  me.  [Coni'a,  or 
Coneia,  ko-ni'a;  from  coni’ um,  “hem- 
lock.”] The  active  principle  of  Coni’ um 
macula’ turn  ; also  termed  Cicutin. 

Conf.  = Confec’ tio.%  A “confection,” 

Confectio,*  kon-fek'she-o,  plural 
Confectioner,  kon-fek-she-o'nez.  (Fr. 
Conjit,  k&N°'f<P.)  A confection.  Under 
this  title  the  London  College  and  U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia  comprehend  the  conserves 
and  electuaries  of  its  former  Pharma- 
copoeias. 

Confec'tio  Ar-o-mat'I-ca.*  (“Aro- 
matic Confection.”)  Take  of  aromatic 
powder,  four  troyounces ; clarified  honey, 
four  troyounces,  or  a sufficient  quantity. 
Rub  the  aromatic  powder  with  clarified 
honey  until  a uniform  mass  is  obtained 
oftheproperconsistence.  (U.S.Ph.,  1 860.) 

Confec'tio  Auran'tii  (au-ran'she-i) 
Cor'tl-^is.*  (“Confection  of  Orange- 
peel.”)  Take  of  sweet  orange-peel,  re- 
cently separated  from  the  fruit  by  grating, 
twelve  troyounces;  sugar,  thirty-six 
troyounces.  Beat  the  orange-peel  with 
the  sugar,  gradually  added,  until  they 
are  thoroughly  mixed.  (U.S.  Ph.,  I860.) 

Confec'tio  O'pl-i.*  (“Confection  of 
Opium.”)  Take  of  opium,  in  fine  pow- 
der, two  hundred  and  seventy  grains ; 
aromatic  powder,  six  troyounces;  clari- 
fied honey,  fourteen  troyounces.  Rub 
the  opium  with  the  aromatic  powder, 
then  add  the  honey,  and  beat  the  whole 
together  until  thoroughly  mixed.  (U.S. 
Ph.,  I860.) 

Confec'tio  Ro'sae.*  (“Confection 


CON 


CON 


of  Rose/’)  Take  of  red  rose,  in  fine 
powder,  four  troyounces'y  sugar,  in  fine 
powder,  thirty  troyounces;  clarified 
honey,  six  troyounces  ; rose-water,  eight 
fluidounces.  Rub  the  rose  with  the  rose- 
water heated  to  150°,  then  gradually  add 
the  sugar  and  honey,  and  beat  the  whole 
together  until  thoroughly  mixed.  (U.S. 
Ph.,  1860.) 

Confec'tio  Sen'nse*  (“  Confection 
of  Senna”)  is  composed  of  eight  parts 
of  senna,  four  of  coriander,  sixteen  of 
purging  cassia,  ten  of  tamarind,  seven  of 
prune,  twelve  of  figs,  thirty  of  sugar, 
and  of  water  a sufficient  quantity.  (For 
particular  directions  in  the  preparation, 
see  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  1860,  pp.  129 
and  130.) 

Con  lection  es.  See  Confectio. 

Con-fer ' va.;!;  [From  confer' veo,  to 
“boil  together,”  to  “boil  up  ;”  so  named, 
perhaps,  in  allusion  to  its  floating  like 
scum  on  the  surface  of  the  water.]  The 
Confervas  are  chiefly  fresh-water  plants, 
composed  of  jointed  capillary  tubes,  the 
joints  containing  granules  variously  ar- 
ranged. 

Confervacese,*  kon-fer-va'she-e. 
[From  Confer'va,  a genus  of  aquatic 
plants.]  A natural  order  of  flowerless 
aquatic  plants,  common  in  fresh  water. 
At  one  period  of  their  existence  they 
have  the  power  of  rapid  and  quasi-vol- 
untary motion. 

Con-fla'tion.  [Confla'tio;  from 
con'jio , confla'tum,- to  “blow  together,” 
to  “forge,”  to  “melt.”]  The  casting  or 
melting  of  metal. 

Coii'flu-ent.  [Coia'fluens;  from 

con,  “together,”  and  Jln'o,  to  “flow,”  to 
“run.”]  Applied  in  Botany  to  leaves 
connected  at  their  base.  Applied  also 
to  the  eruption  in  Variola , and  some 
other  exanthematous  diseases,  when  the 
pustules  are  so  thick  as  to  run  together, 
appearing  like  one  mass  of  inflamma- 
tion. 

Con-for-ma'tion.  [Conforsna'tio, 

o'nis;  from  con  for' mo , to  “shape”  or 
“form  together,”  to  “adapt  one  thing 
or  part  to  another.”]  The  natural  form 
of  a part. 

Cong*.  = Con' gins*  A “gallon.” 

Con-£e-la'tion.  [Congela'tio, 

o'nis;  from  con,  intensive,  and  ge'lo, 
gela'tnm,  to  “freeze.”]  The  process 
whereby  the  change  of  a liquid  to  a solid 
body  is  produced  by  the  losing  of  its 
caloric. 

Con'ge-ner,  eris*  TFrom  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  ge’nus,  a “ kind”  or  “ race.”] 


(Fr.  Uoa^»erc,k6NG'zhAnaiRf.)  Literally, 
“of  the  same  kind  with  another.”  Ap- 
plied to  muscles  which  perform  the  same 
action.  Applied  to  genera  nearly  allied, 
or  to  species  of  the  same  genus. 

Con-gen  I-tal.  [Congen  itus;  from 
con,  “together,”  or  “with,”  and  gen'i- 
tus,  “born.”]  (Fr.  Congenial,  k<!)Nc'zhA- 
ne-&l'.)  Born  with  a person;  existing 
from  birth:  connate. 

Con-ge'rl-es.*  [From  conge'ro , to 
“carry  together,”  to  “heap  up.”]  A 
collection  of  a number  of  particles  into 
one  mass. 

Con-ges'tion.  [Conges'tio,  o'nis; 

from  conge'ro,  conges' Unit,  to  “carry  or 
heap  together.”]  An  excessive  accumu- 
lation of  the  contents  of  any  of  the 
blood-vessels  or  ducts. 

Con-ges'tive.  [Congestions ; from 
the  same.]  Capable  of  producing,  or 
tending  to  produce,  congestion. 

Con'gl-us.*  A gallon. 

Con'glo-bate.  [Congloba'tus ; 
from  conglo'bo,  con globa' turn,  to  “gather 
into  a ball.”]  Formed  into  a ball. 

Con'globate  Gland  [from  con,  “to- 
gether,” and glo'bus,  a “ball”],  or  Simple. 
A gland  subsisting  by  itself;  as  those 
of  the  absorbent  system. 

Con-gloin 'cr-af e.  [Conglomera'- 
tus;  from  conglom'ero,  conglom era' turn, 
to  “wind,”  as  on  a ball,  to  “heap  to- 
gether.” See  Agglomerate.]  Irregu- 
larly crowded  together. 

Congloni  'crate  Gland  [from  con , 
“together,”  and  glo'mus,  glom'eris,  a 
“heap”],  or  Compound.  A gland  com- 
posed of  various  glands;  as  the  salivary, 
parotid,  pancreatic,  etc. 

Conglutinantia,*  kon-glu-te-nan'- 
she-a.  [From  conglu'lino,  to  “glue  to- 
gether.”] The  same  as  Agglutinantia. 
See  Agglutinant. 

Con-gres'sus,* or  Con'gress.  [From 

congre'dion , congres'sus,  to  “meet  to- 
gether.”] The  meeting  of  the  male  and 
female  in  the  act  of  procreation.  The 
same  as  Coitus. 

Co'ni,*  the  plural  of  Conus,  which  see. 

Co'ni  Vas-cu-lo'si.*  (“Vascular 
Cones.”)  The  conical  convolutions  of 
the  vasa  efferentia  of  the  testis.  They 
constitute  the  epididymis. 

Co-ni'a.*  The  same  as  Conein,  which 
see. 

Conic.  See  Conical. 

Con'i-cal.  [Con'icus.]  Belonging 
to  a cone;  shaped  like  a cone. 

Con  i-cin.  [Conici'na.]  The  same 
as  Conein,  which  see. 


135 


CON 


CON 


Co-11  if'er-se*  [from  co'nns , a “cone,” 
and  fe'ro , to  “bear”],  or  Pinacese,* 
pi-na'she-e.  A natural  order  of  exo- 
genous trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  nearly 
all  parts  of  the  world,  and  usually  ever- 
green. It  includes  the  pine,  cedar, 
spruce,  cypress,  juniper,  and  other  trees 
of  great  value  for  timber.  No  order  can 
be  named  of  more  universal  importance 
to  man,  whether  we  view  it  with  refer- 
ence to  its  timber  or  its  secretions, 
among  which  are  turpentine,  resin,  bal- 
sam, and  pitch. 

Co-nif'er-ous.  [Conif  'erus;  from 

co'nns,  a “cone,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  cones.  See  Conifers. 

Coniform.  See  Conoid. 

Co-ni'i  Fo'li-a.*  (“Leaves  of  Co- 
nium.”)  See  Conium. 

Co-ni-ros'tris.*  [From  co'nns,  a 
“cone,”  and  ros'trum,  a “beak.”]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  feminine  to  a family 
of  birds  having  a strong  conical  beak : 
coniros'trate. 

Co-ni'um.*  [Gr.  kcovsiov.]  Called  in 
English  Hemlock.  (Fr.  Cigue , s&'gii'.)  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Pentan- 
dria,  natural  order  Umbelliferse.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  fresh-dried 
leaves  of  Conium  maeulatum.  Hemlock 
is  narcotic  and  sedative.  In  large  doses 
it  causes  vertigo,  dimness  of  vision, 
nausea,  numbness  in  the  limbs,  convul- 
sions, and  death.  Sometimes  death  en- 
sues from  paralysis  without  coma  or 
convulsions.  It  is  employed  medicinally 
as  a palliative  in  cancerous  ulcers,  pain- 
ful scrofulous  tumors,  etc. ; also  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  neuralgia,  asthma, 
and  phthisis. 

Coni' am  JIac-u-la'tum.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  hemlock,  termed 
Cicu'tn  by  the  Latin  authors;  but  it  is 
quite  distinct  from  the  Cicuta  macalata 
of  modern  botanists. 

Conjonctive,  k&N<»'zh6xk't&v\  The 
French  for  Conjunctiva.  See  Conjunc- 
tive. 

Con  Ju-y ate.  [Conjii^a  tns;  from 

con,  “together,”  and  jn'go,  juga'tnm,  to 
“yoke,”  to  “join.”]  Yoked;  joined  in 
pairs.  Applied  to  the  leaves  of  plants. 

Conjunctiva.  See  Conjunctivus. 

Coii-junc-tl-vi'tis,  idis*  Inflam- 
mation of  the  conjunctiva. 

Con-junc-ti'vus.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  jnn'go,  junction,  to  “join.”] 
Applied  to  a delicato  mucous  membrane 
(Memb-’a'na  Conjnncti'va ) which  lines 
both  eyelids  and  covers  the  external 
portion  of  the  eyeball. 

136 


Connaraceae,*  kon-na-ra'she-e. 
[From  Con'nams,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  trees  and  shrubs, 
found  in  the  tropics.  One  species  pro- 
duces the  beautiful  zebra-wood  of  the 
cabinet-makers. 

Con'nate.  [Conna'tus;  from  con, 
“together,”  and  nas'cor,  na'tus,  to  “be 
born,”  to  “grow.”]  Born  with  one;  con- 
genital. In  Botany,  grown  together. 

Con-nec' five  [see  next  article]  Tis'- 
sue.  The  same  as  Cellular  Tissue. 

Con-nec-ti'vum.*  [From  con,  “to- 
gether,” and  nee' to,  to  “knit”  or  “tie.”] 
In  Botany,  the  transverse  body  by  which 
the  lobes  of  the  anther  are  united. 

Con-ni'vens,*  plural  Con-ni-ven'- 
tes.  [From  con , “together,”  and  ni'veo , 
to  “wink.”]  Converging,  as  the  eyelids 
in  winking,  etc.  See  Valvule  Conni- 
ventes. 

Co'noid.  [Conoi'des;  from  kwos, 
a “cone,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a cone ; coniform. 

Co'noid  Lig'a-ment.  [Ligamen'- 
turn  Conoi'des.]  The  ligament  which 
passes  from  the  root  of  the  coracoid 
process  to  the  clavicle. 

Conque,  k6xk  (Fr.).  See  Concha. 

Con-ser'van-cy.  [From  conser'vo, 
conservation,  to  “ preserve.”]  Preserva- 
tion. Applied  in  medicine  to  the  pre- 
vention of  decay  in  excreta,  etc.,  with  a 
view  to  promoting  health. 

Con-ser-va'trix,  i'cisj*  [From  the 
same.]  Preserving.  (Used  only  in  the 
feminine.)  See  Yis  Conservatrix. 

Con  serve.  [Conser'va.]  A com- 
position of  some  vegetable  substance  and 
sugar,  beaten  into  a uniform  mass. 

Consomml  (Fr.),  kbN°'som'm&',  i.e. 
“complete,”  “perfect.”  [From  consom - 
mer;  literally,  to  “sum  up;”  hence,  to 
“finish,”  to  “perfect.”]  A rich  broth  or 
soup  containing  a large  proportion  of  gela- 
tine. Named,  it  would  seem,  on  account 
of  its  summing  up,  or  containing  in  a 
concentrated  form,  all  the  richest  and 
best  ingredients  of  the  meat. 

Con-stel-la'tion.  [Constella'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  con , “ together,”  and  stel'ln , 
a “star.”]  A collection  of  fixed  stars 
representing  an  animal  or  other  figure, 
according  to  their  arrangement. 

Con -s tl-pa' t ion.  [ Const! pa  t io, 
o' nis  ; from  con , “together,”  and  sti'po , 
stipa'tnm,  to  “stuff,”  to  “cram  close.”] 
(Fr.  Echauffement , &'shof'morr°'.)  Cos- 
tiveness ; tardiness  in  evacuating  the 
bowe’s. 

Con-stit'u-en&.*  [Present  participle 


CON 


CON 


of  con&tit’uo , to  “constitute,”  to  ^com- 
pose,to  “make,”  or  “form,”]  Lite- 
rally, “that  which  constitutes”  or  helps 
to  constitute  or  form  any  compound. 
The  vehicle ; a constituent  part  of  a 
medicinal  formula,  commonly  signifying 
that  which  furnishes  a convenient  and 
agreeable  form.  See  Prescription. 

Cou-stl-t  u ' tion . [Cons  t i tu ' tio, 

o 'nis;  from  constit'uo , constitu' turn,  to 
“form,”  to  “constitute”  (from  con , 
“together,”  and  stat'uo , to  “set”  or 
“place”).]  The  general  habit  or  tem- 
perament of  the  body.  See  Diathesis. 

Constitution  of  tlie  Air.  That 
peculiar  condition  of  the  air  which  causes 
epidemics,  or  which  impresses  upon 
epidemic  or  sporadic  diseases  their 
peculiar  character. 

Con-sti-tu'tion-al.  Belonging  to, 
or  dependent  upon,  tlie  constitution. 

Con  -s  trie ' to r,;:;  plural  Con-stric- 
to'res.  [From  con,  “together,”  and 
strin'go , strip turn,  to  “draw,”  to  “bind.”] 
Applied  to  a muscle  that  draws  together 
or  contracts  any  opening  of  the  body, 
such  as  the  pharynx. 

Constrictor  Ani.  See  Sphincter 
Ani. 

Constrictor  Oris.  See  Orbicula- 
ris Oris. 

Con-stric-to'  res  Pha-ryii  'gis.* 

(“Constrictors  of  the  Pharynx. ”)  These 
are  muscles  forming  a part  of  the  parie- 
tes  of  the  pharynx,  which  they  con- 
tract. 

Constringen  tia,:;-  kon-strin-jen'- 
she-a.  [The  neuter  plural  of  the  present 
participle  of  constrin'go,  to  “bind  to- 
gether.”] Applied  to  medicines  which 
contract  the  tissues  and  check  the  secre- 
tions, etc.  The  same  as  Astringents, 
which  see. 

Con -su  nip' tion.  [Consump'tio, 

o' nis;  from  cons uf mo,  consump'tum,  to 
“ consume”  or  “waste  away.”]  Any 
wasting  away  of  the  body,  but  usually 
applied  to  Phthisis  pulmonalis.  See 
Phthisis  and  Tabes. 

Contabescentia,*  kon-tab-es-sen'- 
she-a.  [From  con,  intensive,  and  tabes' - 
co,  to  “waste  away.”]  Atrophy,  or  con- 
sumption; wasting  away  of  the  whole 
body.  See  Tabes. 

Con-ta'gion.  [Conta'gio,  o' nis  • 

from  contin'go,  to  “touch,”  to  “affect.”] 
fhe  communication  of  a disease  by  con- 
tact, or  by  inhaling  the  effluvia  from  one 
already  affected;  often  used  as  syno- 
nymous with  Infection,  which  see. 

Con-ta'gious.  [Contagio'sus;  from 


the  same.]  Applied  to  diseases  which 
are  spread  by  Contagion. 

Con- tin  tied  Fe'ver.  [Fe'bris 
Continua.]  A fever  in  which  the 
symptoms  do  not  intermit  till  its  ter- 
mination. 

Con-ti-nu'I-ty.  [Continu'itas ; 

from  cantin' eo,  to  “hold”  or  “keep  to- 
gether.”] A union  of  parts  so  complete 
that  they  cannot  be  separated  without 
laceration  or  fracture. 

Continuity,  No-lu'tiou  of.  The 
separation  by  fracture  or  laceration  of 
parts  previously  continuous. 

Contorsio,  or  Contortio  (kon-tor'- 
she-o),  o'nis.%  [From  con,  intensive,  and 
tor'queo,  tor' sum  or  tor' turn,  to  “ twist.”] 
A twisting  or  contortion. 

Con-tort'.  [From  the  same.]  To 
twist,  or  twist  together:  thus,  the  leaves 
or  petals  of  certain  plants,  and  some- 
times arteries  and  veins,  are  said  to  be 
contorted. 

Con'tra.  A Latin  preposition,  sig- 
nifying “against,”  “over  against,”  or 
“opposite  to.” 

Con'tra-Apertu'ra.*  [From  con'tra , 
“opposite,”  and  apertu'ra,  an  “aper- 
ture.”] A counter-opening.  An  open- 
ing made  in  an  abscess  opposite  to  one 
already  existing  in  it,  to  facilitate  the 
discharge  of  matter. 

Con'tra-Exten'sio*  ( ex-ten'she-o). 
Counter-extension.  The  holding  of  the 
upper  part  of  a broken  limb  or  a dislo- 
cated joint  towards  the  trunk,  while  ex- 
tension is  being  employed  with  the  lower 
part. 

Con'tra-Fissu'ra.*  (Fr.  Contrecovp, 
kdNtVkoo',  and  Contrefente,  kbNtVfbNt'.) 
A fracture  in  a part  opposite  or  distant 
from  that  in  which  the  blow  is  received, 
See  Fissura. 

Con'tra-In'dicate.  [From  con'tra , 
and  indi'eo,  to  “indicate,”  to  “show.”] 
To  prohibit  or  prevent  the  use  of  a par- 
ticular remedy.  See  next  article. 

Con'tra-Indica'tion.  [ Con'tra-indi - 
ca'tio , o' nis;  from  the  same.]  That 
which  forbids  the  use  of  a particular 
remedy  which  otherwise  it  would  be 
proper  to  exhibit. 

Con-trac'tile.  [Contrac'tilis;  from 
con,  “together,”  and  tra'ho,  trac'tum,  to 
“draw.”]  Possessing  Contractility, 
which  see. 

Contractility.  See  Contractility. 

Con-trac-til'i-ty.  [Contractil'itas, 

a 'tis  ; from  the  same.  Fr.  Contractility, 
k6N«'tr&k't£'l£'t5P.]  A property  by  which 
the  particles  of  bodies  resume  their 
137 


CON 


CON 


original  position  when  the  power  ap- 
plied to  separate  them  is  withdrawn. 
Also,  that  vital  property  which  gives  to 
certain  parts  (muscles,  for  example)  the 
power  of  contracting,  by  means  of 
which  all  the  various  tribes  of  animals 
perform  their  motions. 

Contractility  is  voluntary  in  what  are 
termed  the  organs  of  animal  life  (such 
as  the  hands,  feet,  tongue,  etc.),  and  in- 
voluntary in  those  of  organic  life  (as  the 
heart,  the  stomach,  etc.).  Contractility 
is  sometimes  used  as  synonymous  with 
Irritabilitv,  which  see. 

Con-tra<c'tion.  [Contrac'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  shortening,  of  liv- 
ing fibre  on  the  application  of  stimulus. 
Also,  the  shortening  of  a muscle  from 
some  morbid  cause. 

Con-trac-tu'ra.*  [From  the  same.] 
Literally,  “ contraction.”  The  name  of 
a genus  of  the  order  Dyscinesise , class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  A disease 
attended  with  permanent  rigidity  of  the 
flexor  muscles.  It  is  sometimes  the  re- 
sult of  rheumatism,  colica  pictonum,  and 
other  diseases. 

Con-tra-jer'va,*  or  Con-tra-yer'- 
va.*  A former  name  for  the  root  of  the 
j D >rst.e'nia  contrayer'va.  See  Dorstenia. 

Contre-coup,  Contre-fente,  Con- 
tre-fracture.  (Fr.)  The  same  as  Con- 
tra-Fissura,  which  see. 

Con-tu'sion.  [Contu'sio,  o 'nis; 
from  contun'do,  contn'sum , to  “ bruise.”] 
(Fr.  Meurtrissure , mUR'tr^'suR'.)  Injury 
by  an  obtuse  weapon,  or  violent  collision 
against  a hard  body,  without  breach  of 
the  integuments:  a bruise. 

Co'nus.*  [Gr.  kc3i/oj.]  A cone.  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  a particular  kind  of 
fructification,  as  the  fir-top.  See  Stro- 
BILUS. 

Con-va-lgs'sence.  [Convalescen'- 
tia;  from  commies' co,  to  “grow  strong” 
or  “well.”]  The  state  or  period  between 
the  removal  of  actual  disease  and  the 
full  recovery  of  the  strength. 

Con*va*les'?8nt.  [Con  vales'cens ; 
the  present  participle  of  the  same.]  Lite- 
rally, “growing  strong”  or  “well.”  Re- 
turning to  full  health  after  a disease  is 
removed. 

Con-val-la'rl-a.*  [From  conval'lis , 
a “valley;”  named  from  its  abounding 
in  valleys.]  A genus  of  plants,  of  which 
several  species  were  formerly  used  in 
medicine.  The  flowers  and  root  of  the 
Convalla' ria  maia'lis  (or  maja'lis)  have 
been  employed  as  an  errhine,  and  the 
former  as  a cathartic. 

13S 


Con'vex.  [Convex'us;  from  con , 

“together,”  and  ve'ho , vec'tum  or  vex'um, 
to  “carry.”]  Literally,  “brought  to- 
gether;” hence,  heaped  up,  swelling  up 
like  a heap  of  grain  or  like  the  part  of  a 
sphere. 

Convexo-Concavus.  See  Concavo- 

Convex. 

Con-vex'o-Con'vex.  [Convex'o- 
Convex'us.]  Having  both  surfaces 
convex. 

Con-vo-lu'ta  Os'sa.*  (“Convoluted 
Bones.”)  A term  applied  to  the  upper 
and  lower  turbinated  bones  of  the  nose. 
See  Convolutus. 

Con-vo-lu'tion.  [Convolu'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  con,  “together,”  and  vol'vo , 
volu'tum,  to  “roll,”  to  “wrap.”]  Any 
thing  which  is  rolled  together  or  upon 
itself.  Hence  the  term  is  applied  to  the 
tortuous  eminences  of  the  cerebrum ; 
also,  to  the  irregular  foldings  of  the  in- 
testines. 

Con-vo-lu'tus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Rolled  up;  convoluted. 

Convolvulaceav*  kon-vol-vu-la'- 
she-e,  or  Con-volvii-li.*  [From  Con- 
volvulus, one  of  the  genera.]  A natu- 
ral order  of  herbaceous  or  shrubby  twi- 
ning plants,  yielding  a milky  juice  when 
wounded.  They  are  abundant  in  the 
tropics,  and  possess  purgative  qualities 
in  their  roots,  depending  upon  a peculiar 
resin,  of  which  scammony  and  jalap  may 
be  taken  as  examples. 

Con-vol-vu-la'ceous.  [Convolvu- 
la'ceus.]  Having  an  arrangement  like 
the  Convolvulus. 

Con-vol'vu-li,*  the  plural  of  Con- 
volvulus, forming  the  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Con- 
volvulace^. 

Con- vol ' vu-lus.*  [From  convol'vo , 
to  ^wrap  together,”  to  “entwine.”] 
Bindweed.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Convol- 
vulacese. 

Con  vol 'vnlus  Ja-la'pa.*  The  name 
given  by  Linnaeus  to  the  jalap-plant; 
now  referred  to  the  genus  Ipomoea.  See 
Ipomce a Jalapa. 

Convol  vulus Scain-mo'nl-au*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  scammony-plant. 

Convulsio.  See  Convulsion. 

Convulsio  Camilla.  See  Risus  Sar- 

DONICUS. 

Convul'sio  (kon-vul'she-o)  Ila-bit- 
u-a'lis.*  (“Habitual  Convulsion.”) 
One  of  the  names  of  Chorea,  or  St.  Vitus’s 
Dance. 

Con-vul'sion.  [Convul'sio,  o' nis; 


COP 


COR 


from  conveVlo , convul'snm,  to  “pull  to- 
gether.”] Violent  agitation  of  the  limbs 
or  body,  generally  marked  by  clonic 
spasms.  See  Spasmus. 

Co^ahu,  ko'p&'ii'.  The  French  term 
for  Copaiba,  which  see. 

Co-pai'ba*  (Spanish  pronunciation 
ko-pI'B&,  almost  ko-pI'v&).  [From  Co'  - 
pal , an  odoriferous  gum,  and  i'ba  or 
i'va,  a “tree.”]  A resinous  juice,  or 
olco-resin,  obtained  from  the  Copaifera 
multijuga  and  other  species  of  Copaifera. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  balsam  of 
copaiba. 

Copaiba  is  gently  stimulant,  diuretic, 
and  laxative,  and  in  large  doses  some- 
times actively  purgative.  It  is  much 
used  as  a remedy  in  gonorrhoea  and 
other  diseases  of  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, especially  those  of  a chronic 
character. 

Copai'bse  O'le-um.*  (“Oil  of  Co- 
paiba.”) An  oil  distilled  from  the  oleo- 
resin  of  copaiba  (Lond.  Ph.,  1851). 

Co-pa-if 'er-a.*  [From  copai'ba , and 
fe’ro , to  “bear.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Decandria , natural  order  Legu- 
minosse. 

Copaif'era  31  ul-tij  'u-ga.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  tree  which  pro- 
duces copaiba,  growing  native  in  Vene- 
zuela, also  found  in  some  of  the  West 
India  islands,  particularly  Trinidad  and 
Martinique.  It  is  a handsome  tree,  with 
a lofty  stem  much  branched  at  the  top 
and  crowned  with  a thick  canopy  of 
foliage. 

Copaif'era  ©f-fii^-i-ana'lis.*  One 

sf  the  plants  which  afford  copaiba. 

Co-pai'va.  The  same  as  Copaiba, 
which  see. 

Co 'pal.  (Sp.  Copal,  ko-p&l'.)  A resin- 
ous substance  obtained  from  the  Hy- 
mensea  Courbaril  and  other  species  of 
Hymensea.  Dissolved  in  alcohol,  it  has 
been  used  as  a remedy  for  spongy  gums. 
It  is  at  present  chiefly  or  solely  em- 
ployed as  a varnish. 

Co-pfao'sis.*  [From  Koxpog,  “deaf.”] 
Deafness. 

Copper.  See  Cuprum. 

Cop'per-as.  A name  for  the  sulphates 
of  copper,  iron,  and  zinc;  also  respect- 
ively called  blue,  green,  and  white  vitriol. 

Cop'per-BBielk'el.  A native  arseniu- 
ret  of  nickel,  a copper-colored  mineral 
found  in  Westphalia. 

Cop-ra-go'g’us.*  [From  Ko-npog,  “ex- 
crement,” and  ayu),  to  “carry”  or  “bring 
away.”]  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Coprago'ga)  to  purgatives, — that  is, 


medicines  which  bring  away  the  faeces: 
cop'ragogue. 

Cop'ro-lite,  Cop'ro-lith.  [Coprol- 
itlius;  from  awrpos,  “excrement,”  and 
Atfloj,  a “stone.”]  A ball  of  hardened 
faeces  or  other  mass  in  the  bowels. 

Co- pros ' ta-sis.*  [From  Konpog, 
“faeces,”  and  tor^t,  to  “stand,”  to  “bo 
stationary.”]  Costiveness;  undue  re^ 
tention  of  the  faeces  in  the  intestines, 
lienee  the  terms  Copragoga  or  Eccopro - 
tica,  denoting  purgatives. 

Cop- u- la/ 1 ion.  [Copula'tio,  o'ni*; 
from  cop' ulo,  copula' turn,  to  “couple  to- 
gether.”] The  same  as  Congressus, 
which  see. 

Cor,*  gen.  Cor'dis.  [Gr.  Kaptia-  Fr. 
Coeur,  kuR.]  The  Latin  term  for  the 
heart,  the  central  organ  of  circulation. 
See  Heart. 

Cor'a-c©-.  A prefix  denoting  at- 
tachment to  the  coracoid  process  of  the 
scapula. 

Cbr'a-coid.  [Coracoi'des;  from 
Kopa\,  Kopaxog,  a “raven”  or  “crow,”  and 
£?<5oj,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a crow’s 
beak.  Applied  to  a process  of  the 
scapula;  also  applied  by  Owen  to  the 
homologues  of  the  coracoid  process  of 
the  scapula. 

Cor'acoid  Li^-a-ment.  [IJga- 
mcn'tuni  Coracoi  deum.]  A small 
ligament  extending  from  the  coracoid 
process  across  the  notch  of  the  scapula, 
converting  the  notch  into  a foramen. 

Cor'acoid  Process.  [Proccs'sus 
Coracoi'deus.]  A projection  or  process 
on  the  anterior  and  upper  margin  of  the 
scapula,  supposed  to  resemble  the  beak 
of  a crow. 

Cor-a-co-i 'de-us.*  [From  coracoi'- 
des. ] Belonging  to  the  coracoid  process 
of  the  scapula.  See  Coracoid  Liga- 
ment and  Coracoid  Process. 

Cor  al.  [Lat.  Coral'lium  or  Co- 
ral'lum;  Gr.  KopaWiov;  supposed  to  be 
derived  from  Kopn,  a “daughter,”  and 
uAj,  the  “sea.”]  A stony  or  horny  sub- 
stance growing  in  the  sea,  once  supposed 
to  be  a plant,  but  now  regarded  as  the 
skeleton  or  shell  of  a congeries  of  small 
Polypi. 

Cor-al-lif  'er-ous.  [Corallif 'crus ; 

from  coral' lum,  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Coral-bearing.  Applied  in  the  plural 
masculine  {Corallif ’ eri)  to  an  order  of 
Polypi. 

Cor-al'li-form.  [Corallifor'mis ; 

from  coral'lium  or  coral’ lum.~\  Formed 
like  coral. 

Cor-al-ll&'er-us.*  [From  coral’- 

139 


COR 


COR 


him,  and  ge'ro , to  "bear.”]  The  same  as 
Cora  lliferous. 

€dr'al*loid.  [Coralloi'des ; from 
coral' lum,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling coral. 

Coralloidal.  See  Coralloid. 

Cor'cn-lnm.$  [Diminutive  of  cor, 
the  “heart.”]  The  heart  and  essence  of 
the  seed;  the  embryo,  or  germ. 

Correlate.  [Corda'tus;  from  cor, 
cor'd  is,  the  “ heart.”]  Heart-shaped. 

Cordiaceae,*  kor-de-a'she-e.  [From 
Cor’dia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees,  natives  of  the 
tropics.  They  are  the  Sebestens  of  the 
European  Materia  Medica. 

Cordial,  kord'yal.  [Cordia'lis; 
from  cor,  the  “heart.”]  Any  stimu- 
lating medicine  which  raises  the  spirits. 

Cor'di-foran.  [Cordifor'mis;  from 
cor,  the  “heart.”]  Formed  like  a heart. 

Cordon  Ombilicale,  koR'd6x«'  6m'- 
b6'16'kal\  The  French  term  for  Funicu- 
lus, which  see. 

Core.  [F  rom  cor,  the  “heart.”]  The 
hard  portion  of  sloughy  or  purulent 
matter  found  in  boils. 

Cor-ec-toanl-a.*  [From  xopr),  the 
“ pupil,”  and  cKrcp^co,  to  “cut  out.”]  The 
operation  for  artificial  pupil  by  removal 
of  a part  of  the  iris:  corec'tomy.  See 
Coretomia  and  Iridectomy. 

Cor-e-di-al'y-sis.*  [From  Kopri,  the 
“pupil,”  and  &dAuatf.]  The  operation  for 
artificial  pupil,  separating  part  of  the  ex- 
ternal margin  of  the  iris  from  the  Corpus 
ciliare.  See  Iridodialysis. 

Cor-e-mor-plio'sis.*  [From  xopn, 
the  “pupil,”  and  popping,  “formation.”] 
An  operation  for  forming  an  artificial 
pupil.  See  Corectomia,  Iridectomy. 

Cor-en-clei'sis.*  [From  xopri,  the 
“pupil,”  and  iyxXdcj,  to  “include.”]  An 
operation  for  artificial  pupil  by  drawing 
a portion  of  the  iris  through  an  incision 
in  the  cornea,  and  cutting  it  off. 

Co- re-011  '$I-on,*  Co- re-on 'ci-nm,* 
or  ko-re-on'she-uin.  [From  xdpq,  the 
“ pupil,”  and  oyxog,  a “hook.”]  A kind  of 
hook  for  the  operation  for  artificial  pupil. 

Core-plas'ti-ca,*  Core-plas'ti- 
[From  /topij,  the  “pupil,”  and  n\a<7- 
riKfj,  the  “art  of  making  images.”]  Ope- 
ration for  artificial  pupil  in  general: 
cor'eplasty. 

Cor-e-to'mI-a.*  [From  xoprj,  the 
“ pupil,”  and  Tvpjin,  to  “cut.”]  Opera- 
tion for  artificial  pupil  by  simply  cutting 
through  the  iris:  corct'omy.  Sec  Iri- 
ditomia. 

Co-rl-a'ceous.  [Coria'ccns;  from 
140 


co'rium,  “leather.”]  Of  the  nature  of 
leather;  leathery. 

Co-ri-an'druni.*  [From  xopig,  a 
“bug;”  from  the  smell.]  A Linnsean 
genus  of  the  class  Pentandria,  natural 
order  Umbelliferse.  Also  the  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  ||  for  the  fruit  of  Conundrum 
sativum. 

Corian'drum  Sa-ti'vum.*  The 

coriander-plant. 

Co'ri-uin.*  [Gr.  *opioi/.]  Literally, 
the  “skin  or  hide  of  animals.”  The 
Cutis,  or  true  skin. 

Cor'mus.*  [Gr.  xoppog,  a “trunk”  or 
a “tail.”]  A corm.  The  body,  or  trunk 
of  a tree;  also  the  bulb  of  bulbous 
plants. 

Corn.  [From  c or'nn,  a “horn.  Fr. 
Cor,  koR.]  A horny  hardness  of  the 
skin,  occurring  chiefly  on  the  joints  of 
the  toes,  and  caused  by  continued  pres- 
sure or  friction. 

Cornaceae,*  kor-na'she-e,  or  Cor'- 
ne-ae.;:  A natural  order  of  trees  and 
shrubs,  found  in  temperate  climates,  in- 
cluding the  Cor nus,  or  Dog- Wood,  the 
bark  of  which  is  said  to  rank  among 
the  best  tonics  in  North  America. 

Corne.  See  Cornu. 

Cor'ne-a.*  [From  cor' mi,  a “horn.”] 
A transparent,  convexo-concave,  nearly 
circular  substance,  forming  the  anterior 
part  of  the  eyeball.  It  is  often  termed 
the  Cornea  lu'cida,  or  C.  transpa'rens,  or 
the  “transparent  cornea.” 

Cor'nea  O-pa'ca.*  The  sclerotic 
coat  of  the  eye. 

Cor-ne-i'tis,  i dis.%  [From  cor'nea .] 
Inflammation  of  the  cornea.  The  same 
as  Ceratitis. 

Cor'ne-ous.  [Cor  neas;  from  cor'- 
nu.]  Belonging  to  horn;  horny. 

Cornicle.  See  Corniculum. 

Cor-nic ' u-late.  [Cor  n icula ' t us ; 
from  comic' ulum,  a “little  horn.”]  Hav- 
ing horns  or  parts  resembling  them. 

Cor-nic' u-Ium*  [diminutive  of  cor'- 
nu,  a “horn”],  or  Cornic'ulum  1a- 
ryn'&is*  (“Cornicle  of  the  Larynx”). 
A small  cartilaginous  body  surmount- 
ing the  arytenoid  cartilage. 

Cor'ni-form.  [Cornifor'mis;  from 
cor'nu,  a “horn.”]  Horn-shaped. 

Cor-ni&'er-ous.  [Cornig'erns; 
from  cor'nu,  and  ge'ro , to  “ bear.”] 
Having  horns. 

Cor'nin,  or  Cor'nine.  A term 
applied  to  a peculiar  bitter  principle 
said  to  have  been  found  in  the  bark  of 
the  Cornus  Florida:  its  properties  re- 
semble those  of  quinine. 


COR 


COR 


Cor'nu,*  plural  Cor'nu-a.  (Fr. 
Come , koun.)  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“horn.”  Applied  to  a certain  kind  of 
warts,  on  account  of  their  horny  hard- 
ness. Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  of  hartshorn.  See 
Cornu  Cervi. 

Cor'nua  U'teri*  (“Horns  of  the 
Uterus.”)  The  angles  of  the  uterus 
where  the  Fallopian  tubes  are  given  off. 

Cornu  Am-mo'nis,*  Uor'nu  A-ri'- 
e-tis.*  The  appearance  like  a ram’s 
horn  presented  by  the  cortical  substance 
of  the  cerebrum  when  the  pen  hippo- 
campi is  cut  transversely  through. 

Uor'nu  Uer'vi.*  (“Horn  of  the 
Stag.”)  The  horn  of  the  Cervus  elephas; 
hartshorn.  An  impure  carbonate  of 
ammonia  was  formerly  obtained  from 
burning  the  shavings  of  hartshorn; 
while  the  residue,  called  Cornu  it  stum 
(“  burnt  horn”),  consisting  chiefly  of 
phosphate  of  lime  with  a small  pro- 
portion of  free  lime,  was  used  as  an 
antacid. 

Cor  nu  Us'tum.:;:  [From  u'ro,  us' turn, 
to  “burn.”]  A name  for  the  phosphate 
of  lime  prepared  from  horn  by  fire.  See 
Cornu  Cervi. 

Cor'nus  €ir-ci-na'ta,*  and  Cor'nus 

Seri^j'ea..*  Small  trees  or  shrubs  found 
in  the  Northern  and  Middle  United  States. 
Their  bark  possesses  medical  virtues 
similar  to  those  of  Copnus  Floriba. 

Cor'nus  Fldr'a-tf^u*  A small  tree 
of  the  Linnaean  class  Tetrandria,  natu- 
ral order  Cornacese.  It  grows  in  all  the 
United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
but  most  abundantly  in  the  Middle 
States.  Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  bark  of  the  Cornus 
Florida,  which  appears  to  possess, 
though  in  an  inferior  degree,  the  tonic 
and  antiperiodic  virtues  of  cinchona. 

Cornus  Sericea  (se-rish'e-a).  See 
Cornus  Circinata. 

Cor'nute.  [Cornn'tus;  from  cor'nu, 
a “horn.”]  Having  horns;  horned. 

Co-rol'la.*  [Diminutive  of  coro'na , 
a “crown.”]  Literally,  a “little  crown.” 
Usually  the  most  beautiful  portion  of 
the  flower  (the  separate  pieces  of  which 
are  called  petals),  situated  between  the 
calyx  and  internal  organs. 

€©r'ol-la-ry.  [Corolla'raum ; from 
coroVla .]  Applied  to  a tendril  formed 
by  a petal  or  segment  of  a corolla.  Also, 
a truth  necessarily  following  from  some 
preceding  truth  or  demonstration. 

Cor'ol-late.  Having  a corolla. 

Cor-ol-lif 'er-ons.  [Corollif 'erus ; 
13 


from  corol’la,  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  a corolla. 

Cor-olli-form.  [Corollifor'mis ; 

from  corol'la.]  Having  the  appearance 
of  a corolla. 

Co-rol'lu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  coroV- 
la.]  The  partial  floret  of  a compound 
flower. 

€o-ro'na.*  [From  Kopu>vr],  the  “crest” 
or  “summit”  of  any  thing.]  A crown. 
Applied  in  Anatomy  and  Natural  His- 
tory to  eminences  of  bone,  or  any  ob- 
jects or  parts  bearing  resemblance  to 
a crown. 

Coro'na  Olan'dis.*  (“Crown  of 
the  Gians.”)  The  ring  or  rim  running 
round  the  base  of  the  Clans  penis. 

Coro'na  Ven'e-ris.*  (“Crown  of 
Venus.”)  (Fr.  Couronne  de  Venus,  koo'- 
ronn'  deh  v&'nus'.)  Syphilitic  blotches 
which  often  extend  around  the  forehead, 
like  a crown. 

Co-ro'nad.  Applied  the  same  as 
Coronal  used  adverbially. 

Cor-o'nal,  orkor'o-nal.  [Corona'iis; 
from  coro'na,  a “crown.”]  Applied  by 
Dr.  Barclay  in  reference  to  the  aspects 
of  the  head;  towards  the  crown  of  the 
head. 

Coro'nal  vSu'ture.  [Sutu'ra  Co- 
rona'lis.]  The  suture  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  frontal  with  the  two  parie- 
tal bones. 

Cor'o-na-ry.  [Corona'rins ; from 

coro'na,  a “crown.”]  (Fr.  Coronaire , 
ko'ro'neR'.)  Applied  to  vessels,  liga- 
ments, and  nerves  which  encircle  parts 
like  a crown,  as  the  “coronary  arteries 
of  the  heart,”  the  “coronary  artery  of 
the  stomach,”  etc. 

Cor-o-na'tus.*  [From  coro'na , 
corona' turn,  to  “crown.”]  Literally, 
“crowned.”  Applied  in  the  plural  femi- 
nine (Corona' tae)  to  a class  or  division 
of  plants  having  the  seed-bud  crowned 
by  the  flower-cup. 

Co-ro'ne.*  [Gr.  Kopdovrj,  a “crow,” 
any  thing  curved  like  a crow’s  beak.] 
The  acute  process  of  the  lower  jaw- 
bone,— so  named  from  its  supposed  re- 
semblance to  a crow’s  bill. 

Cor'o-ner.  [From  coro'na,  a“crown.”] 
Originally  an  officer  who  had  authority 
from  the  Crown  to  make  inquest  before 
a jury  of  twelve,  as  to  the  true  cause  of 
death,  in  every  case  of  sudden  decease. 
The  word  was  formerly  written  Crowner. 

Cor'o-noid.  [Coronoi'des;  from 
Kopnvri,  a “crow,”  and  elAog,  a “form.”] 
Applied  to  processes  of  bones  in  any 
way  like  a crow’s  beak.  Applied  by 
141 


COR 


COR 


Owen  to  the  subdivision  in  the  mandi- 
ble of  reptiles,  into  which  the  crotaphite 
muscle  is  always  more  or  less  inserted. 

Co-ron'u-la.~  [Diminutive  of  coro'- 
na,  a “ crown.”]  A coronet  or  downy 
tuft  surrounding  the  seeds  of  certain 
flowers.  A cor'onule. 

Cor'po-ra,ii:*  gen.  Cor'po-rum,  the 
plural  of  Corpus,  which  see. 

Cor  pora  Albican' tia*  (al-be-kan'- 
she-a).  (The  “Whitish  Bodies.”  See  Al- 
bicans.) Two  small  protuberances  on 
the  base  of  the  brain.  Called  also 
Mammillary  Tubercles  or  Mammillary 
Bodies,  from  their  resemblance  to  anipple. 

Corpora  Ainylacea.  See  Neuro- 
Glia. 

Corpora  Cav-er-no'sa.*  (“Cav- 
ernous Bodies ;”  so  called  from  the  cavi- 
ties or  cells  found  in  them.)  The  crura 
of  the  penis.  Also,  the  same  part  or 
parts  of  the  Clitoris.  As  the  Corpora 
cavernosa  are  only  partially  separated,  it 
is  more  correct  to  call  this  portion  of 
the  organ  the  Corpus  cavernosum  (“  Cav- 
ernous Body”). 

Cor'pora  fa.:;:'  [From 

genicula'tus , “jointed”  or  “bent  like  a 
knee.”]  Two  tubercles,  internum  and 
externum , on  the  inferior  part  of  the 
optic  thalami. 

Corpora  lai'te-a.*  (“Yellow  Bo- 
dies.”) Yellow  spots  found  in  the  ovaria , 
in  place  of  ova,  removed  by  impregna- 
tion or  otherwise. 

Cor  pora  Jlam-mil-la'rl-a..*  The 

Corpora  Albicantia,  which  see. 

Cor'pora  Ol-I-va'ri-a*  (“  Olive- 
shaped Bodies”),  Cor'pora  O-va'ta* 
(■“  Oval  Bodies”).  The  two  external 
oval  prominences  on  the  Medulla  oblon- 
gata. 

Cor'pora Py r- am  i-da'Ii-a»*  (“  Py- 
ramidal Bodies.”)  The  two  anterior 
eminences  of  the  Medulla  oblongata. 

Corpora  (luadrigcmina.  See  Tu- 
be rcul  a Qitadrigemina. 

Cor'pora  Ites-ti-for'ini-a.*(  “Rope- 
like Bodies.”)  The  two  posterior  oval 
eminences  on  the  Medulla  oblongata. 

Corpora  Sesamoidea.  See  Arantii, 
Corpora. 

Cor'pora  Stri-a'ta.*  (“Striated 
Bodies.”)  Two  smooth  cineritious  con- 
vexities, one  on  the  fore  part  of  eich 
lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  When 
cut,  a mixture  of  gray  and  white  matter 
in  alternate  layers  is  exhibited,  causing 
il  striated  appearance. 

Corpulency.  See  Polysarcia. 

Cor'pus,*  gen.  Cor'po-ris.  (Fr. 

342 


Corps , koR.)  A Latin  word  signifying 
Body,  which  see. 

Cor'pns  An-mi-la're.'**  The  Pons 
Varolii. 

Cor  pus  Cal-Io  'sum (“  Callous 
Body”  or  Substance.)  The  white  me- 
dullary substance  joining  the  hemi- 
spheres of  the  brain;  the  Commissura 
magna. 

( orpns  Cavernosum.  See  Corpora 

Cavernosa. 

Cor'pns  Ci-ne're-um*  (“Ash-co- 
lored Body”),  or  Cor'pns  l>eii>ta'tum* 
(“Dentated  Body”).  A small  oval  mass 
of  gray  substance  seen  on  a section  of 
either  hemisphere  of  the  cerebellum , 
about  an  inch  from  the  median  line.  On 
its  circumference  are  a number  of  in- 
dentations. 

Cor'pns  Fiin-bri-a'tuin.r*(  “Fringed 
Body.”)  A narrow  white  band  along 
the  concave  edge  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain ; the 
Tsenia  hippocampi. 

Cor'pns  (flaii-dudosnui.^  (“  Glan- 
dulous  Body.”)  A spongy  eminence 
surrounding  the  orifice  of  the  female 
urethra;  sometimes  called  the  “female 
prostate  gland”  (Glan'dula  pros'  tata 
mulie'bris). 

Corpus  Mucosnm.  See  Rete  Mu- 

cosum. 

Cor'  pus  Pam-pin-I-for ' me.-*  (“Ten- 
dril-like Body.”)  A plexus  formed  by 
the  spermatic  veins,  above  the  testis. 

Corpus  Psaloiiles.*  The  Fornix. 
See  Fornix. 

Corpus  Pyramidale.  See  Corpus 
Pampiniforme. 

Corpus  Rcticnlarc,  or  Corpus  Re* 
ticulare  Malpighi.  Sec  Rete  Mu- 
cosum. 

Corpus  Rfioniboidenm.  See  Cor- 
pus Dentatum. 

Corpus  Spongiosum  Penis.  See 

next  article. 

Cor'pns  Spoil  -gl-o  'sum  F-r©'- 
ttirav*  (“Spongy  Body  [or  Substance] 
of  the  Urethra.”)  A cellular,  vascular, 
dark-red,  or  purple  substance,  which 
covers  the  urethra. 

Cor'pns  Vftr-l-co'suin.-  (“Vari- 
cose Body.”)  The  spermatic  plexus. 

Cor'pus-vle.  [Corpus'culum;  di- 
minutive of  cor'pns .]  A small  body;  an 
atom. 

Cor-pus'cu-lar.  [Corpuscula'ris; 

from  corpus'  cut inn,  a “corpuscle”  or 
“minute  body.”]  Belonging  to  a cor- 
puscle, or  to  the  doctrine  of  atoms. 

Cor'rl-fccns.*'  [The  present  parti- 


COR 


COS 


ciplc  of  cor'rigo,  correc'  turn,  to  “correct.”] 
A constituent  part  of  a medicinal  for- 
mula; “that  which  corrects  its  opera- 
tion.” See  Prescription. 

€or«rob'o-rant.  [C’orrob'orans ; 
from  corrob'oro , to  “strengthen.”] 
Strengthening,  or  giving  strength. 

€or-ro'sive.  [Corrosi'vus ; from  cor 
for  con,  intensive,  and  ro'do , ro'  sum,  to 
“gnaw,”  to  “eat  away.”]  Literally, 
“eating  away.”  Destroying  the  texture 
or  substance  of  a body,  more  especially 
of  a living  body. 

Corrosive  Sublimate.  See  IIy- 
DRAltGYRI  CHLORIDUM  CoRROSIVUM. 

Cor'ru-gat-ed.  [Corriiga'tus;  from 
cor  lor  con,  “together,”  or  intensive,  and 
rid  go,  ruga' turn,  to  “wrinkle.”]  Wrin- 
kled. 

Cor-  ru-ga ' t ion . [Corruga'tio ; 

from  the  same.]  The  contraction  of  the 
surface  of  a body  into  wrinkles. 

Cor-rw-ga'tor,  o'r/s.*  [From  the 
same.]  Literally,  a “wrinkler.”  Ap- 
plied to  a muscle  which  contracts  the 
skin  into  wrinkles. 

Co  r r uga'  to  r Su-per-cil'I-i.* 

(“Wrinkler  of  the  Brow.”)  The  muscle 
which  knits  or  contracts  the  brow  into 
wrinkles. 

Corselet,  kors'let.  In  Entomology, 
the  Prothorax,  collar,  or  anterior  seg- 
ment of  the  trunk. 

Cort.  = Cor'tex*  “Bark.” 

Cor'tex,*  gen.  Cor'ti-^is.  [As  if 
Con' teg  ; from  con'tego,  to  “cover  over.”] 
(Fr.  Ecorcc,  AkoRss'.)  The  outermost 
covering  of  the  stem  and  branches  of 
all  plants,  analogous  to  the  skin  of 
animals. 

Cor'tex  Cer'e-bri.*  (The  “Cortex, 
or  Cortical  Substance,  of  the  Brain.”) 
The  gray  or  cineritious  substance  found 
on  the  exterior  of  the  cerebrum  and  cere- 
bellum, covering  the  whitish  medullary 
matter  beneath  as  the  bark  of  a tree 
covers  the  alburnum. 

Cor'tex  Cu-li-la'wan.*  The  name 
for  the  bark  of  the  Laurus  culilawan. 

Cor'tex  E-leti-tlie'ri-se.  The  bark 
of  the  Croton  cascarilla. 

Cor'ti-cal.  [Cortiea'lis ; from  cor'- 
tex, cor'ticis , “bark.”]  Belonging  to 
bark ; of  the  nature  of  bark.  Applied 
to  that  which  covers  a part,  as  the  cor- 
tical portion  of  the  brain  or  the  kidneys. 

Cor'tl-cate.  [Cortica'tus ; from 
co^'^x,  “bark.”]  Having  bark;  barked. 

Cor-tl-$if'er-o«s.  [Corticif 'erws; 
from  cor'tex,  “bark,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing,  or  producing,  bark. 


Cor-ti^'i-form.  [Corticafor'mis ; 

from  cor'tex,  “ bark.”J  Appearing  like 
bark. 

Cor'tl-cose.  [Cortico'sus;  from 
cor'tex,  “ bark.”]  Having  bark,  or  full  of 
bark. 

Corylacese,*  kor-e-la'she-e.  [From 
Cor'ylm,  the  “hazel-tree.”]  A name 
given  by  Lindley  to  a natural  order  of 
plants.  See  Cupuliferve. 

Cbr'ymb.  [Corym'bus;  from  sopvg, 
the  “crown  of  the  head.”]  A kind  of 
spike,  the  partial  flower-stalks  of  which 
are  gradually  longer,  so  that  all  the 
flowers  are  nearly  on  a level  at  the  top. 

Coryou-bii'er-se.*  [From  corym'  - 
bus,  a “corymb,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
A name  given  by  Jussieu  to  a division 
of  the  order  Composite,  including  the 
Aster. 

Cor-ym-bif  er-ous.  [Cory  vnbif 
erus ; from  corym'bus,  a “corymb,” 
and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing  corymbs. 

Co-ry'za.*  [Supposed  to  be  derived 
from  Kupa,  the  “ head,”  and to  “ boil.”] 
A limpid,  ropy,  mucous  defluxion  from 
the  nostrils. 

Co-se'cant.  The  secant  of  the  com- 
plement of  an  arc.  See  Secant. 

Cos-met'ic.  [Cosmet'icus;  from 
Koageio,  to  “adorn.”]  Applied  to  medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  power  of  re- 
moving freckles  and  blotches.  Many 
substances  used  as  cosmetics — such  as 
lead,  bismuth,  and  arsenic — sometimes 
give  rise  to  cutaneous  affections,  and 
often  cause  a permanent  deterioration 
in  the  texture  of  the  skin. 

Cos-inog'o-ny.  [losinogo'nia; 
from  Koopos,  the  “universe,”  and  yovft, 
“birth,”  “origin.”]  That  science  which 
treats  of  the  origin  of  the  universe. 

Cos-meg- 'ra-pby.  [Cosmogra'- 
pbia;  from  Kvagog,  the  “universe,”  and 
ypt'npo,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
universe. 

€os-mol'o-gy.  [Cosmolo'gia; 

from  Koagog,  the  “universe,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  science 
of  the  universe,  its  formation  and  ar- 
rangement. 

Cos'ta.*  A rib.  (Fr.  Cote,  kot.)  The 
ribs  are  twenty-four  in  number, — twelve 
on  each  side.  The  spaces  between  them 
are  called  intercostal  spaces.  The  ribs 
are  divided  into — 

1.  The  true,  or  sterno -vertebral.  The 
first  seven  pairs ; so  called  because  they 
are  united  by  their  cartilages  to  the 
sternum  : these  are  called  custo'des,  or 
preservers  of  the  heart. 


143 


cos 


cou 


2.  The  false , or  vertebral.  The  re- 
maining five  pairs,  which  are  successively 
united  to  the  lowest  true  rib  and  to  each 
other. 

The  vertebral  extremity  of  a rib  is 
called  the  head;  the  contracted  part 
which  adjoins  it  forms  the  neck ; at  the 
back  of  the  rib  is  the  tubercle;  farther 
outward  the  bone  bends  forward,  pro- 
ducing the  angle , from  which  proceeds 
the  body,  which  passes  forwards  and 
downwards  to  the  sternal  extremity. 

The  term  costa , or  rib,  is  applied  in 
Botany  to  the  tapering,  nerve-like  sub- 
stance extending  from  the  base  to  the 
apex  of  a leaf. 

Cos'tal.  [Costa'lis;  from  cos'ta,  a 
“rib.”]  Belonging  to  a rib  or  ribs. 

Cos'tate.  [Costa'tus;  from  cos'ta , 
a “rib.”]  Furnished  with  nerves  or 
ribs. 

Costiveness.  See  Constipation. 

Cos'to-.  [From  cos'ta,  a “rib.”]  A 
prefix  in  compound  names,  denoting 
connection  with  a rib  or  ribs. 

Cotangent.  See  Tangent. 

Cote.  See  Costa. 

Cotton-Plant.  See  Gossypium. 

Cotton-Tree.  See  Bombax. 

Cotnla.  See  Mayweed. 

Cotunaiii  Aquseductus,  or  Cotun- 
n ins.  Aqueduct  of.  See  Aqueduct 

OP  THE  VeSTIBULUM. 

Co-tun 'ni-us,  I^erve  of.  The  naso- 
palatine nerve. 

Cotun'nius,  Wa'ter  of.  A fluid 
within  the  membrane  lining  the  vesti- 
bule and  semicircular  canals  of  the 
internal  ear. 

Cot-y-le'don,  o'nia.**  [Gr.  kotv\yi6ov* 
from  KorvXrj,  a “cavity.”]  In  Botany, 
the  seed-lobe,  or  seminal  leaf,  of  a young 
plant,  perishing  as  the  plant  grows  up. 
In  dicotyledonous  plants  (in  the  bean, 
for  example)  the  cotyledon  consists  of 
one-half  of  the  seed,  which,  on  germi- 
nating, divides  into  two  equal  parts. 

Cot-y-led'on-ous.  [Cotyledo'neus, 
Cotyle'donus : from  cotyledon.]  Be- 
longing to  cotyledons;  having  cotyle- 
dons. 

Cot'y-loid.  [Cotyloi'des ; from 
ifwrtJX’/,  a “small  drinking-cup.”]  Re- 
sembling an  ancient  drinking-cup. 

Cotyloid  Cav'i-ty.  The  same  as 
Acetabulum,  which  see. 

Coil,  koo.  A French  word  signifying 
“neck.”  See  Collum. 

Couche,  koosh.  [From  coucher,  to 
“lie  down,”  to  “go  to  bed;”  also,  to 
“put  to  bed.”]  A French  term  signify  - 
141 


ing  “child -bed,”  “confinement,”  or 
“delivery:”  e.g.  line  couche  heureuse,  iin 
koosh  uh'ruz',  “ a happy  delivery.” 

CoucBi'ing.  (Fr.  Coucher,  to  “put 
to  bed,”  to  “cause  to  lie  down;”  because 
the  lens  is  pushed  down  from  its  upright 
position.)  The  operation  of  putting 
down  or  displacing  the  opaque  lens  in 
cataract. 

Coucli'iiig-Nee'dle.  The  instru- 
ment used  in  couching. 

Cough,  kof,  or  kawf.  [Lat.  Tus'sis ; 
Fr.  Toux , too.]  A sonorous  and  violent 
expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

Couleur,  koo'lUR'.  The  French  word 
for  Color,  which  see. 

Coumarin,  or  Coumarine,  koo'- 
ma-rin.  The  odoriferous  principle  of 
the  Tonka  bean,  the  produce  of  the 
Coumarou'na  odora'ta. 

Counter-Extension.  See  Contra- 
Extensio. 

Counter-Fissure.  See  Contra- 
Fissura. 

Counter-Indication.  See  Contra- 
Indicatio. 

Coun'ter-Ir-ri-ta'tion.  [Con'tra- 

Irrita'tio.]  The  application  of  a blister 
or  other  irritating  substance  to  one  part 
for  the  purpose  of  relieving  pain  in  an- 
other part,  usually  beneath  or  adjacent 
to  the  irritated  surface. 

Counter-Opening.  See  Contra- 
Apertura. 

Counter -Stroke.  See  Contre- 

Coup. 

Coup  de  Sang,  koo  deh  son<>.  Blood- 
stroke.  A term  used  by  some  French 
physicians  to  designate  an  instantaneous 
and  universal  congestion  without  any 
escape  of  blood  from  the  vessels.  (See 
Apoplexy.)  Some  authors  have  applied 
this  name  to  haemorrhages  occurring  in 
different  parts  of  the  body. 

Coup  de  Soleil  (Fr.),  koo  deh  so'lel 
(or  so'l&I').  A stroke  of  the  sun  ; gene- 
rally, any  affection  produced  by  a scorch- 
ing sun. 

Coup  de  Vent  (Fr.),  koo  deh  von°. 
A stroke  of  the  wind  ; an  affection  caused 
by  exposure  to  a keen  wind,  extremely 
cold,  or  with  rain  or  sleet. 

Couperos£  (Fr.),  koop'roVA'.  (“Cop- 
per-colored.”) A term  applied  to  the 
Acne  rosacea  (or  carbunclcd  face);  so 
named  from  the  redness  of  the  spots. 

Courap,  koo'rUp'.  A form  of  im- 
petigo peculiar  to  India,  described  by 
Sauvages  under  the  term  Scabies  In - 
dica. 

Courounc,  koo'ronn'.  The  French 


cou 


CUE 


word  for  “crown.”  See  Corona,  and 
Crown. 

Cours'es.  A popular  English  term 
for  the  menses , or  catamenia . 

C©uvrechef  ( Fr. ),  koov’R'shef'.  (Lite- 
rally, “ head-cover.”)  A name  given  to 
«ertain  forms  of  bandage  applied  to  the 
head. 

Cow'hfige,  Cow'-Itch.  The  down 
covering  the  pods  of  the  DoVichos  pru'- 
riens,  now  called  Mucu'na  pru'riens.  See 
Mucuna. 

€ow'-Pox.  [Vacci'nia.]  Pustules 
of  a peculiar  character  on  the  teats  of 
the  cow,  from  which  the  vaccine  fluid 
derives  its  origin. 

lowper’s  Cilamls.  See  Antipros- 
tatas  Glandule. 

Cox'a,*  plural  C©x'se.  (Fr.  Hanche, 
hoNsh.)  The  hip,  haunch,  or  hip-joint; 
also,  the  Ischium  and  Coccyx.  Applied 
in  Zoology  to  the  first  articulation  of 
the  feet  of  the  Crustacea , Arachnides , 
and  Insecta. 

C©x-a?-lu'vi-um.*  [From  cox' a,  the 
“hip,”  and  la'vo , or  lu'o,  to  “wash.”]  A 
bath  for  the  lower  portion  of  the  body ; 
a hip-bath. 

Cox-algl-a.*  [From  cox' a,  the  “ hip,” 
and  uAyoj,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  hip- 
joint;  hip-joint  disease,  or  J lor' bus  cox- 
a'rius. 

_ Cox-a'ri-us.*  [From  cox' a,  the 
“hip.”]  Belonging  to  the  hip-joint. 

C©x-a'rum,*  the  genitive  plural  of 
Coxa,  which  see. 

Coxa'rum  Mor'bus.*  (“Disease  of 
the  Hips.”)  A caries  of  the  head  of  the 
os  femoris,  causing  a permanent  short- 
ening of  the  limb,  and  often  accompanied 
with  spontaneous  luxation  of  the  bone. 

C©x'©-.  A prefix  denoting  connec- 
tion with  the  Ischium. 

Crab’s  Claws  and  Crab's  Stones. 
See  Cancrorum  Lapilli  et  Chelae. 

Crab-Louse.  See  Pediculus  Pubis. 

Crack  Widow.  See  Salix  Fragi- 
Lis. 

Cra'dle.  [Ar'cnlns.]  A kind  of 
frame  for  keeping  the  bedclothes  off  a 
wounded  or  fractured  limb. 

Cramp.  [Low  Latin  Cram'pus;  Ger. 
Krampf, .]  Spasmodic  and  involuntary 
contraction  of  muscles.  See  Spasmus. 

Cra/ni-al.  [Crania'lis.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  cranium. 

Cra-ni-og'ra-phy.  [Craniogra'- 
pbia;  from  cra'nium,  and  ypacpu,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  the  skull. 

Cra-ni-ol'o-gy.  [Craniolo'g-ia ; 
from  cra'nium , and  Aoyoj,  a “ discourse.”] 
13* 


The  science  which  treats  of  skulls  in 
regard  to  their  variety  of  shape,  size, 
proportions,  etc. 

Cra-ni-om'e-ter.  [Craniom'e- 

truin ; from  cra'nium , and  perpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  cranium. 

Cra-m-©t'o-my.  [Cranioto'mia ; 
from  cra'nium , and  rcpvo),  to  “cut.”]  The 
opening  of  the  foetal  head,  where  neces- 
sary, to  effect  delivery. 

Cra'nl-um.*  [Gr.  xpaviov  • from  xapa, 
or  Kapnvov,  the  “head.”]  The  skull,  or 
upper  part  of  the  head,  containing  the 
brain  and  its  connections,  and  consisting 
of  eight  bones. 

Craquciiient  Ptilmonaire  (Fr.), 
krdk'moNG'  piirino'neR'.  A crackling 
sound  often  heard  at  the  top  of  the 
lungs  in  the  early  stage  of  phthisis. 

Cras.  = Cras'tinunif*  or  Cras'tinus .* 
“For  to-morrow.” 

Cras-sa-men'tiim.*  [From  eras' sus, 
“thick.”]  The  soft,  almost  solid,  mass, 
of  a deep  brownish  red,  formed  by  ve- 
nous blood  soon  after  it  has  been  ex- 
tracted. 

Crassulacese,*kras-su-la'she-e  [from 
Cras'sula , one  of  the  genera],  or  Sem- 
per-vi'vae.*  A natural  order  of  plants, 
growing  in  hot  and  dry  situations,  re- 
markable for  the  succulent  nature  of 
their  stems  and  leaves.  The  Sedum  ma- 
ju8f  or  Semper  vivum  (“Live-forever”), 
is  a good  example  of  this  order. 

Cra'ter,  e'ris .*  [Gr.  Kparrip,  a “ bowl.”] 
Literally,  a “cup”  or  “bowl;”  usually 
applied  to  the  mouth  of  a volcano. 

Cra-teB*'I-form.  [Craterifor'mis ; 
from  the  same.]  Formed  like  a bowl. 

Craw.  The  crop  of  a bird.  See  Crop. 

Craw'-Fisk,  or  Cray '-Fisk.  The 
Cancer  astacus , or  C.  fiuviatilis. 

Cream  ©f  Lime.  A mixture  of 
lime  and  water  used  for  purifying  coal 
gas,  by  its  property  of  absorbing  or 
combining  with  the  contaminating  gases. 

Cream  ©f  Tar 'tar.  [Cre'morTar'- 
tari.]  Bitartrate,  or  supertartrate,  of 
potash.  See  Potass^e  Bitartras. 

Cre'a-s©te,  or  Kre'a-s®te.  [Crea- 
s©'tum;  from  Kpeag,  “flesh,”  and  <xco$o j, 
to  “preserve.”]  A colorless,  brilliantly 
transparent  liquid,  obtained  from  crude 
pyroligneous  acid,  and  from  wood  tar. 
It  is  irritant,  narcotic,  styptic,  power- 
fully antiseptic,  and  somewhat  escharo- 
tic.  Its  use  internally  has  been  recom- 
mended in  cholera,  sea-sickness,  and 
other  affections  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels.  In  large  doses,  it  is  a danger* 
145 


cre 


CRI 


ous  poison.  It  has  been  employed  ex- 
ternally with  great  advantage  in  some 
cutaneous  affections,  and  especially  in 
malignant  ulcers.  The  editor  of  this 
work  has  used  it  with  the  happiest  effects 
in  indolent  and  malignant  ulcers  result- 
ing from  chilblain,  after  all  the  other 
remedies  usually  recommended  in  such 
cases  had  failed. 

Cre'asote  Wa'ter.  [A'qua  Crea- 
so'ti.]  Take  of  creasote  a fluidrachm ; 
distilled  water  a pint.  Mix  them,  and 
agitate  the  mixture  till  the  creasote  is 
dissolved.  (U.S.  Ph.,  1860.) 

Cre'a-tin,  or  Ure'a-tme.  [Creati'- 
na;  from  xpia j,  Kpsaro “ flesh.”]  A nitro- 
genized  crystallizable  substance.  A neu- 
tral body  obtained  from  a fluid  produced 
by  mixing  chopped  animal  muscle  with 
an  equal  bulk  of  water,  and  subjecting 
this,  in  a bag,  to  strong  pressure.  It 
does  not  combine  with  either  acids  or 
alkalies.  Also  spelled  Kreatin. 

Cre-at'i-nin,  or  Cre-at'I-mine. 
[Creatini'na.]  An  alkaline  base  into 
which  Creatin  is  changed  by  heating 
with  hydrochloric  or  other  acids.  Also 
spelled  Kreatinin. 

Creep'ing*  Sicb'ness.  (Ger.  Krie- 
belkrankheit,  kre'bel-kr&nk'hlt.)  The 
name  by  which  the  gangrenous  form  of 
Ergotism  is  known  in  Germany.  See 
Ergotism. 

€re-ma$'ter.*  [From  tcpe/iao,  to  “ sus- 
pend/’] A muscle  which  supports  and 
compresses  the  testicle  and  spermatic 
vessels.  See  Spermatic  Cord. 

Cre'mor,  o'ris.*  [From  Kpipirov,  the 
“ thick  juice  of  barley.”]  Cream;  any 
substance  skimmed  from  the  surface  of 
a fluid;  also,  a thick  decoction  of  barley. 

Cre'nate.  [Crena'tns:  from  cre'na, 
a “notch.”]  Notched;  scolloped. 

Cren'n-lat-ed.  [Crenula'tus ; from 
cren'ula,  a “little  notch.”]  Having 
small  notches. 

Crcp'X-tant.  [Crep'itans.  See  next 
article.]  Crackling,  or  rattling. 

€rep-i-ta'tiou.  [Crepita'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  crep'ito , crepita'  turn,  to  “crackle.”] 
The  sound  caused  by  pressing  any  por- 
tion of  cellular  tissue,  in  which  air  is 
collected,  between  the  fingers.  Also,  the 
noise  produced  by  the  act  of  grating  the 
ends  of  a fractured  bone  together.  See 
Crepitus. 

Crep'I-tus.*  [From  cre'pn,  crep'itnm , 
to  “ make  a noise.”]  The  discharge  of 
gas  or  flatus  from  the  bowels.  The 
crackling  noise  occasioned  by  pressing  a 
part  when  air  is  collected  in  the  cellular 
146 


tissue.  The  grating  sensation  produced 
by  the  ends  of  a fractured  bone  being 
rubbed  against  each  other. 

Crescentiacese,*  kres-sen-she-a'- 
she-e  or  kres-sen-te-a'she-e,  or  Cres- 
^en-tin'e-se.*  A natural  order  of  ex- 
ogenous trees,  natives  of  the  tropical 
regions  of  Asia,  Africa,  and  America. 
The  chief  plant  of  this  order  is  the  Cala- 
bash-tree, Crescen'tia  (kres-sen'she-a) 
cvje'te , producing  an  esculent  fruit  in  a 
shell  which  is  used  as  a bottle. 

Crest.  [Cris'ta.]  Applied  to  several 
objects  which  surmount  others. 

€rest'ed.  [Crista' tws.]  Having  a 
crest. 

Cre'ta.*  [From  Cre'ta,  the  island  of 
Crete.]  (Fr.  Craie,  kR&.)  Chalk.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  and  U.S.  Ph.) 
for  native  friable  carbonate  of  lime. 

Cre'ta  Prsep-a-ra'ta.*  (“  Prepared 
Chalk.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Br.  Ph.)  for  chalk  finely  pulverized  by 
levigation. 

Cre-ta'ceous.  [Creta'ceus;  from 
cre'ta , “chalk.”]  Of  the  nature  of 
chalk ; chalky. 

Cre'ti-nism.  [Cretinis'nms;  ety- 
mology uncertain.]  An  endemic  disease 
common  in  Switzerland  and  other  moun- 
tainous countries,  characterized  by  yoitre, 
stinted  growth,  swelled  abdomen,  wrin- 
kled skin,  wan  complexion,  vacant  and 
stupid  countenance,  misshapen  cranium, 
idiocy,  and  comparative  insensibility. 

Cri-bra'tion.  [Cribra'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  cri'bro , cribra'tum , to  “sift”  (from 
crib' rum,  a “sieve”).]  The  act  or  pro- 
cess of  sifting,  or  passing  through  a 
sieve. 

Crib'ri-form.  [Crfibrifor'mis; 

from  crib' rum,  a “sieve.”]  Perforated 
like  a sieve. 

Cri  co-.  A prefix  denoting  attach- 
ment to  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

Cri'coid.  [Criooi'des  and  Crieoi'- 
dcus;  from  KpUo a “ring,”  and  cico$,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a ring. 

Cri'coid  (ar'tMago.  [fartila'go 
Cricoi'dcs.]  The  name  given  to  one 
of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx. 

Criminal  Abortion.  Sec  Fieticide. 

Cri'nate.  [Crina'tus ; from  cri' nis.'] 
Having  hair. 

Cri'nis.*  [From  Kptvio,  to  “distin- 
guish”?] The  hair  of  the  head,  espe- 
cially of  the  back  part.  Sec  Capillus. 

Cri'noid.  [Crinol'des;  from  xpi- 
vov , a “lily,”  and  c?6os,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a lily. 

Crinoncs.  Sec  Mali?  Gordii. 


CRI 


CRU 


Cri'sis.*  [Gr.  spiaig;  from  tcpi i>o>,  to 
“distinguish,”  to  “judge,”  to  “decide.”] 
Literally,  a “judgment,”  “decision,”  or 
“determination.”  In  the  course  of  a 
disease,  that  point  or  period  which  de- 
termines its  favorable  or  unfavorable 
termination,  or,  in  common  language,  its 
“turning-point.” 

€ris-pa'tus,i:  Cris'pus.*  [From 
cris’po,  crisp  a' turn,  to  “curl.”]  Curled; 
crisp. 

Cris'ta.*  A crest.  Applied  in  Anato- 
my to  parts  or  processes  of  bones  re- 
sembling a crest.  In  Botany  it  denotes 
a peculiar  organ  of  the  Gramiuese.  Ap- 
plied in  Surgery  to  an  excrescence  about 
the  anus  and  pudenda . 

Gris'ta  Gal'li.*  (“Cock’s  Crest.”) 
The  peculiar  process  on  the  ethmoid 
bone  to  which  the  falx  cerebri  is  at- 
tached. 

Cris'tate.  [Crista' tus ; from  cris'ta.] 
Having  a crest;  crested. 

Crit'i-cal.  [Crit'icus;  from  cri'sis, 
“decision”  or  “determination.”]  De- 
termining the  issue  of  a disease.  Also 
applied  to  periods  of  life  as  decisive  of 
certain  changes  of  constitution,  habits, 
etc.  See  Crisis. 

Crit'ical  Age.  [AE'tas  Crit/ica.] 

That  period  of  female  life  when  the 
catamenia  become  irregular,  and  ulti- 
mately cease.  It  is  often  attended  with 
serious  constitutional  disturbance,  and 
is  sometimes  the  commencement  of  fatal 
diseases.  See  Change  of  Life. 

Groc-o-dil'I-dav*  [From  K(OKo6si\og , 
the  “crocodile.”]  A family  of  Saurian 
reptiles,  having  the  crocodile  for  their 
type. 

Cro'cus.*  [Gr.  Kpoxo; , “saffron.”]  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Triandria, 
natural  order  Iridacese  or  Iridese.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  prepared 
stigmas  of  the  Crocus  sativns. 

Gro'cus  Sa-ti'vus.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  saffron-plant;  also  called 
Crocus  officinalis. 

Crop.  [laiglu'vies.]  An  enlarge- 
ment of  the  oesophagus  in  birds ; the  craw. 

Cross  Hirth.  [Parody n'ia  Per- 
rer'sa.]  In  popular  language,  preter- 
natural labor  of  any  kind. 

Crot'a-lus.*  [From  Kpora\ov,  a “rat- 
tle.”] The  rattlesnake;  a genus  of  poi- 
sonous snakes  found  in  North  America. 

Crot'a-phe,*  or  Cro-ta'plai-aaaaa.* 
[From  tcporiKpo;,  the  “temple  of  the  head.”] 
A painful  pulsation  or  throbbing  in  the 
temple,  accompanied  with  drumming  in 
the  ears. 


Grot'chet.  (Fr.  Crochet,  kro'shi',  a 
“hook.”)  A curved  instrument  for  ex- 
tracting the  foetus. 

Cro'ton,  o'n/«.*  [Gr. Kporov,  the  “dog* 
tick,”  which  the  seeds  of  some  plants  of 
this  genus  are  fancied  to  resemble.]  A 
Linnman  genus  of  the  class  Monoecia , 
natural  order  Eujjhorbiacese. 

Cro'ton  Cascaril'la,*  or  Cro'ton 
Eleuthe'ria*  (or  Eleute'ria*).  The 
plant  believed  to  afford  Cascarilla  bark. 

Cro'ton  Tig'lium.*  The  plant  from 
the  seeds  of  wdiich  croton  oil  is  obtained. 
It  is  a small  tree  or  shrub,  growing 
native  in  Hindostan  and  the  East  India 
islands.  See  Oleum  Tiglii. 

Cro'ton-ate.  [Croto'nas,  a '//#.] 
A combination  of  crotonic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Cro-to'ne.*  [Gr.  KpoTwvr) ; from  sporcov, 
a “kind  of  tick.”]  Originally,  a fungous 
excrescence  on  trees,  caused  by  an  insect 
(spoTur).  Now  usually  applied  to  small 
fungous  excrescences  on  the  periosteum. 

Cro-ton'ie  A$'id.  An  acid  obtained 
from  the  acrid  matter  of  crot<  n oil. 

Groton  Oil.  See  Oleum  Tiglii. 

Grotoplaus.  See  Crotaphe. 

Group,  kroop.  [Gy  nan 'cite  Tra- 
clica'lis.]  A disease  marked  by  labori- 
ous and  suffocative  breathing,  with  a 
stridulous  noise,  short,  dry  cough,  and 
expectoration  of  a concrete  membranous 
sputum. 

Gru'elal.  [Grucia'lis ; from  crux, 
a “cross.”]  Belonging  to  a cross. 

Gru'eial  In-ciis'ittn.  Two  incisions 
made  to  cross  each  other. 

Gru'ci-ble.  [Crncih'ulum ; from 
cm' do,  to  “torture.”]  A vessel  made 
of  baked  earth,  or  metal,  used  as  a re- 
ceptacle for  substances  to  be  fused  or 
exposed  to  a great  heat. 

Cru-cif'er-se.*  [From  crux,  cru'cis, 
a “cross,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”  See 
next  article.]  A natural  order  of  Ex- 
ogens : they  are  said  to  possess  univer- 
sally antiscorbutic  and  stimulant  proper- 
ties, and  their  seeds  abound  in  a fixed  oil. 
Mustard  may  be  taken  as  a representa- 
tive of  this  order. 

Gru-caf 'er-«s.*  [From  crux,  cru'cis, 
a “cross,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Cru- 
eif'erous.  Literally,  “bearing  a cross.” 
Applied  to  plants  whose  flowers  are  in 
the  form  of  a cross.  See  Crucifers. 

Gru'cl-foran.  [Grucilbr'mis ; from 
crux,  cru'cis , a “cross.”]  Like  a cross. 

Gru'di-ty.  [Gru'ditas,  a 'tis  ; from 
cru'dus,  “raw.”]  Bad  digestion;  raw- 
ness. 


147 


C'RU 


CRY 


Cm 'els.  (Fi.  Ecrouelles,  i'kroo’elF, 
“scrofula.")  Popularly,  scrofulous  swell- 
ings of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

Cm 'or,  o'r  is.*  The  red  or  purplish 
colored  portion  of  the  blood. 

Cru'ra,*  gen.  Cru'ruEn,  the  plural 
of  Crus,  which  see. 

Cru'ra  Cer-e-bel'li.*  (The  “Legs 
or  Limbs  of  the  Cerebellum.")  Two 
white  cords,  extending  one  along  the 
circumference  of  each  hemisphere  of  the 
cerebellum. 

Cru'ra  Cer'e-bri.*  (The  “Legs  or 
Limbs  of  the  Cerebrum.")  Two  thick 
white  fasciculi , one  from  the  inferior 
surface  of  each  hemisphere  of  the  cere- 
brum. 

Cru'ra  Di-a*phra«/ ina-tis.*  (“Legs 
of  the  Diaphragm.")  Two  appendices 
situated  behind  and  below  the  central 
tendon  of  the  diaphragm. 

Cru-rae'us.*  [From  crus , cru'ris,  a 
“leg."]  Belonging  to  the  leg.  The 
name  of  a muscle  of  the  leg. 

Crural.  [Cratra'Iis;  from  crus , 
cru'ris,  a “leg."]  Belonging  to  the 
leg:  applied  also  to  the  cruraeus  muscle. 

Cru'ral  Arcb.  Otherwise  called 
Fallopius’  or  Poupart’s  ligament.  See 
Poupart’s  Ligament. 

Crural  Hernia.  See  Hernia  Cru- 
RALIS. 

Crus,*  gen.  Cru'ris,  plural  Cru'ra. 

[From  spovco , to  “kick."]  (Fr.  Jambe , 
zlioMb,  and  Cnisse,  kw6ss.)  The  leg.  Ap- 
plied to  symmetrical  projections  or  ap- 
pendages, as  the  Crus  of  either  hemi- 
sphere; in  other  words,  the  Crura  of  the 
cerebrum. 

Crfis'ta.*  (Literally,  a “crust.")  The 
external  cover  or  shell  in  the  Molluscs, 
Crustacea,  and  in  certain  insects.  Also, 
a scab. 

Crustacea,  krus-ta'she-a,  or  Crusta- 
ceans, krus-tii'shunz.  See  next  article. 

Crustaceus,*  krus-ta'she-us.  [From 
crus'ta,  a “crust."]  Crusta'ceous.  Having 
a hard  shell.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Crusta'cea ) to  a class  of  Articulata  in 
which  the  envelop,  or  crust,  is  usually 
solid  and  more  or  less  calcareous. 

Cry-op li'o-rus.*  [From xpvog,  “cold," 
and  to  “ bear,"  to  “ produce."]  Lite- 
rally, “cokl-producing."  An  instrument 
in  which  water  is  made  to  freeze  by  the 
cold  produced  by  its  own  evaporation. 

plural  Cryp'ta?.  [From 
Kpvirrci),  to  “hide."]  Small  round  points 
at  the  end  of  the  minute  arteries  of  the 
cortical  substance  of  the  kidneys : also, 
a follicle,  or  follicular  gland. 

148 


Cryp-4o-septi'a-lus.*  [From  Kp'rn- 
rog,  “ concealed,"  “ obscure,"  and  K£'pa\ri, 
a “head."]  A monster-foetus,  in  which 
the  head  is  very  small  and  does  not 
project  from  the  trunk. 

Cryp-to-ga'ini-a.*  [See  next  article.] 
The  twenty-fourth  class  of  plants  in  the 
system  of  Linnaeus.  It  comprises  all 
flowerless  plants.  (See  Cryptogamius.) 
All  other  plants  are  included  under  a 
second  grand  division,  called  Phanero- 
gamia. 

Cryp-to-ga'mi-ns.*  [From  xpimrog, 
“hidden,"  or  “obscure"  (from  Kpv-wno, 
to  “hide"),  and  yapog,  “nuptials."] 
Literally,  denoting  plants  “whose  mar- 
riage is  obscure  or  doubtful."  Applied 
by  Linnaeus  to  a class  whose  parts  of 
fructification  have  not  been  sufficiently 
ascertained  to  refer  them  to  any  class 
according  to  the  sexual  system. 

( ' ryp-tor ' c Ii  is.*  [From  Kpmrrog, 

“concealed,"  and  oy\ig,  a “testicle."] 
One  whose  testicles  have  not  descended 
into  the  scrotum. 

Cryp'tous.  [Cryp'tus ; from  Kpvnrcj, 
to  “hide."]  Hidden,  or  concealed. 

Crystal.  [Lat.  Crystal' lum,  or 
Crystal'Ius:  Or.  KpvoraWog,  “ice;"  pro- 
perly, “clear  ice."]  A hard,  bright, 
transparent  substance,  like  ice  or  the 
clearest  glass.  The  geometrical  figures 
assumed  by  crystallizable  bodies  when 
they  pass  from  a fluid  to  a solid  state. 

Crys'tal-Iin,  or  Crys'tal-Iine. 
[Crystalli'na;  from  crystal' lum,  “ crys- 
tal."] A peculiar  substance  forming  the 
basis  of  the  crystalline  lens  of  the  eye. 
Also,  one  of  the  products  of  the  distil- 
lation of  indigo. 

Crys'tal-Iine.  [Crystalli'nns ; from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  crystal;  like 
crystal. 

Crystalline  Lens.  A transparent, 
double  convex  lens  situated  in  the  fore 
part  of  the  vitreous  humor  of  the  eye. 
It  was  formerly  often  called  the  crystal- 
line humor  of  the  eye. 

Crys-tal-H-za'tion.  [Crystalli- 
za'tio,  o'nis ; from  crystal'lum,  “crys- 
tal."] A property  by  which  crvstalliza- 
ble  substances  pass  from  a fluid  to  a 
solid  state,  assuming  certain  determinate 
geometrical  figures. 

Crystallixa'tion,  Wa'ter  of.  That 
portion  of  water  which  combines  with 
sails  in  the  act  of  crystallizing,  and 
which  cannot  be  removed  without  de- 
stroying their  crystalline  structure. 

Crys-tal-Ios’'**a-pli$'r.  [Crystal- 
lo^m'pliia;  from  crystal’lum , a “cry v 


CRY 


CUM 


tal,”  and  ypcubw,  to  “ write.”]  A descrip- 
tion of  crystals. 

Crys'tal-loid.  [Crystalloi'des ; 

from  crystal' lum,  a “ crystal,”  and  eidog, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  crystal. 

Ctenoid,  te'noid.  [Ctenoi'des ; from 
i era?,  Krerog,  a “comb,”  and  eidog,  a “ form.”] 
Resembling  a comb.  Applied  to  an  order 
of  fishes  with  dentated  scales. 

Cu  (Fr.),  kii.  See  Alula. 

Cube.  [Lat.  Cu'bus;  Gr.  kv6o$.]  A 
solid  bounded  by  six  equal  squares  at 
right  angles  with  each  other. 

Cu-be'ba.*  [From  the  Arabic  Cuba'- 
bah.]  Cubeb,  or  Cubebs.  The  Pharma- 
copoeia! name  for  the  berries  of  the  Piper 
cubeba. 

Cu-be'bae*  (“  Cubebs”),  the  plural  of 
Cubeba,  which  see. 

Cu-be'bin.  [Cubebi'na;  from  Cu- 
be'ba.]  A crystalline  substance  obtained 
from  cubebs. 

Cu'bebs.  In  the  plural,  the  English 
term  for  the  berries  of  the  Piper  cubeba. 
See  Cubeba. 

Cu-bl-for'mfs.*  [From  cu'bus.'] 
Having  the  form  of  a cube : cu'biform. 

Cu-bl-tae'us.*  Pertaining  to  the 
Cubit,  or  fore-arm. 

Cu'bi-tal.  [Cubita'lis;  from  cur- 
bitus.]  Belonging  to  the  fore-arm. 

Cu'bi-tus.*  [From  cn’bo,  to  “lie 
down.”]  (Fr.  Conde , kood.)  The  fore- 
arm, extending  between  the  elbow  and 
wrist;  also,  the  ulna,  or  Os  cubiti. 

C u boid.  [Cuboi'des;  from  xvSog,  a 
“cube,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Like  a 
cube. 

Cuc'koo-Flow'er.  The  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

Cu-cul-la'ris.*  [From  cucul'lus , a 
“hood.”]  Like  a hood. 

Cu'cul-late.  [Cuculla'tus;  from 
cucul'lus,  a “hood.”]  Hooded. 

Cu'cum-ber.  The  fruit  of  different 
species  of  Cucumis. 

Cu  cumber,  Bit'ter,  The  fruit  of 
the  Citrullus  colocynthis.  See  Colo- 
CYNTHIS. 

Cu  cumber,  Squirt  ing,  Cu  cum- 
ber, Wild.  The  Momordica  elaterinm. 

Cu'cu-mer,*  Cu'cu-mis.*  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Monoecia , natu- 
ral order  Cucurbitacese. 

Cu  cumis  A-gres'tis,*  Cu'cumis 
As-i-iii'nus.:i:  The  Momordica  elate- 
rium. 

Cu'cumis  Col-o-^y  n ' t b is.-"  The 

former  name  of  the  plant  which  yields 
colocynth : now  called  Citrullus  colo- 
tynthis. 


Cucurb.  cruent.  = Cucurbitula 
Cruenta,  which  see. 

Cu-cur'bi-ta.*  [From  cur'vo , to 
“curve,”  or  “bend.”]  Literally, a “gourd.” 
A distilling  vessel  shaped  like  a gourd  : 
a cu'curbit.  Also,  a cupping-glass.  See 
Cucurbitula. 

Cucurbitacese,*  ku-kur-be-ta'she-e. 
[From  cucur'bita,  a “gourd.”]  A natu- 
ral order,  comprising  the  melon,  cucum- 
ber, gourd,  and  other  valuable  plants. 
They  are  most  abundant  in  hot  and 
tropical  climates.  The  fruits  of  many 
species  of  cucumis  are  powerfully  ca- 
thartic. The  colocynth  is  one  of  the 
most  valuable  medicines  derived  from 
this  order. 

Cu-cur-bl-ta'ceous.  [Cucurbita'- 
ceus ; from  cucur'bita , a “gourd.”] 
Having  an  arrangement  as  in  the  Cucur- 
bita.  See  Cucurbitacese. 

Cu-cur-bit'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of 
cucur'bita,  a “gourd.”]  A cupping- 
glass.  (Fr.  Ventouse,  voNG'tooz\) 

Cucurbit'ulaCru-enta*  (a  “Bloody 
Cupping-Glass,”  or  one  intended  to 
draw  blood),  Cucurbit  ula  cum  Fer'- 
ro*  (“Cupping-Glass  [armed]  with 
Iron”).  A cupping-glass,  with  scarifica- 
tion. Names  applied  to  the  common 
cupping-glasses  used  for  drawing  blood, 
as  distinguished  from  those  employed 
in  dry  cupping. 

Cucurbit'ula  Sic'ca.*  (A  “Dry 
Cupping-Glass.”)  One  used  for  dry 
cupping  without  scarification. 

Cuisse  (Fr.),  kw&ss.  See  Femur. 

Cuivre  (Fr.),  kwevR.  See  Cuprum. 

Cuj.  = Cu'jus*  “ Of  which.” 

Cujusl.  = Cujus’ libetS'  “Of  any,” or 
“of  which  you  please.” 

Cul-de-Sac  (Fr.),  kUl  deh  s&k.  A tube 
or  cavity  closed  at  one  end. 

Culm.  [Cul'mus;  from  Kahayog,  a 
“reed.”]  A reed,  or  straw;  the  proper 
stem  or  trunk  of  grasses,  rushes,  etc. 

Cul-maf ' er-ous.  [Culmif 'crus ; 
from  cul'mus,  “straw,”  a “culm,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  having 
culms. 

Cul'mi-oat-mg,  [Cul'minans ; 

from  cul'mino,  to  “arrive  at  the  top,  or 
highest  point.”]  Applied  particularly  to 
stars  when  at  their  highest  point  in  the 
heavens. 

Cul-tri-for'mis.*  [From  cul'ter , a 
“knife.”]  Formed  like  a knife:  cul'- 
triform. 

Cu-mi'num.*  [Gr.  Kvfxtvov.]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , na- 
tural order  Umbelli/erse . 


149 


CUM 


CUS 


Cnmi'nnm  The 

plant  Cumin , or  Fcenic'ulum  Orienta'le. 

•Cu'ne-al.  [Ctmea'lis ; from  cu'neus, 
a "wedge.”]  Belonging  to  a wedge. 

Cu'ne-ate.  [Cunea'tus ; from  cu'- 
neus, a “wedge.”]  Wedge-shaped. 

Cu'ne-  i-form.  [Cuneifior'mis ; 
from  the  same,  and  for'ma,  “likeness.”] 
Formed  like  a wedge. 

Cuuoaiiaceae,*  ku-no-ne-a'she-e. 
[From  Cuno'nia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  found  in  India,  South  America,  etc. 

Cu'pel.  [From  cupel' la,  a “cup.”]  A 
small  vessel  in  which  gold  and  silver  are 
refined  by  melting  them  with  lead. 

Cu-pel-la'tion.  [Cupella'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  process  of  refining 
gold  and  silver  by  melting  them  in  a 
cupel  with  lead. 

Cu'po-la.  The  dome-like  extremity 
of  the  canal  of  the  cochlea.  See  Cochlea. 

Cup'ped.  Applied  to  the  hollowed 
surface  of  the  Crassamentum  of  blood 
caused  by  inflammation. 

Cup'pingr*  Application  of  Cucur- 
bitulse , or  cupping-glasses. 

Clipping  Olass.  See  Cucurbitula. 

Cu-prif 'er-ons.  [Cuprif 'erus ; 

from  cu'prum , “copper,”  and  fe’ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  containing  copper. 

Cu'prum,*  gen.  Cu'pri.  [From 
Kvjpo;,  the  island  of  Cyprus,  where  the 
ancients  procured  the  best  copper.] 
(Fr.  Cuivre , kw&vR.)  Copper,  a red  metal, 
malleable  and  ductile.  Specific  gravity  8.6. 

Cu'pri  Ace'tas.*  Acetate  of  copper, 
improperly  called  distilled  or  crystal- 
lized verdigris. 

Cu'pri  Subace'tas.*  (“Subacetate 
of  Copper.”)  Verdigris.  The  aerugo  of 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia.  It  is  some- 
times used  as  an  application  to  malig- 
nant ulcers,  and  as  an  escharotic  for 
venereal  warts. 

Cu'pri  Sul'phas.*  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  ||  of  sulphate  of  copper,  or 
blue  vitriol.  Its  use  in  small  doses  has 
been  recommended  in  diarrhoea  : but  it 
is  chiefly  employed  as  an  external  ap- 
plication for  ill-conditioned  ulcers,  and 
as  a styptic  for  bleeding  surfaces. 

Cu'pu-la.*  (Literally,  a “cup.”)  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  the  cup  or  husk  of 
certain  plants, — e.g.  the  cup  of  an  acorn, 
or  husk  of  the  hazel-nut.  Also  called  a 
cu'pule. 

Cu-pu-lif'er-ae.*  [See  next  article.] 
A natural  order  of  arborescent  or  shrubby 
Exogens,  producing  fruit  enclosed  in  a 
cup  or  husk.  It  comprises  the  oak, 
150 


beech,  chestnut,  hazel,  etc.  They  abound 
in  all,  or  nearly  all,  temperate  climates. 
An  astringent  principle  pervades  all  the 
order.  This  order  is  called  Corylacese 
by  Lindley. 

Cu-pu-liff'er-us.*  [From  cu'pula, 
and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  cupulas: 
cupulif'erous. 

Cu-ra're  Poi'son.  A most  deadly 
poison,  obtained,  it  is  said,  from  a plant 
belonging  to  the  family  Strychnise.  The 
South  American  Indians  use  it  to  poison 
their  arrows. 

C at  ratio,  ku  -ra'she-o.  [From  cu'ro , 
cura'tum,  to  “take  care”  of,  to  “cure.”] 
The  treatment  of  a disease,  or  wound. 

Cair-cu'ma.*  A Linnsean  genus  of 
the  class  Monandria , natural  order  Zin- 
giberaceae.  The  root  is  a stimulant  aro- 
matic, somewhat  resembling  ginger.  It 
is  much  used  in  India  as  a condiment, 
and  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  curry. 
Also  the  Pharmacopoeia!  name  for  the 
rhizoma  of  the  Curcu'ma  Ion' ga. 

Cur-CM'msj,  I^oai'ga.*  The  turmeric- 
plant. 

Curcu'ma  Pa'per.  Paper  stained 
with  a decoction  of  Turmeric,  which  see. 

Cur-cu'miai.  [From  Curcu'ma  lon'ga , 
the  “turmeric-plant.”]  The  coloring 
matter  of  turmeric  obtained  in  a state  of 
purity  by  separating  it  from  its  combi- 
nation with  oxide  of  lead. 

Curd.  The  coagulum  which  sepa- 
rates from  milk  upon  the  addition  of 
acid,  rennet,  or  wine. 

Cur'sor,*  plural  i’ur-so'res.  [From 
cur'ro,  cur' sum,  to  “run.”]  Applied  to  a 
family  of  birds  which  run  along  the 
ground. 

C ur-s© ' r l- us.*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  in  the  plural  neuter  (Curso' ria) 
to  a family  of  orthopterous  insects  with 
legs  solely  adapted  for  running. 

Cuscutaceae,*  kus-ku-ta'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  parasitical 
plants,  consisting  of  one  genus,  Cuscu'ta. 
It  includes  the  common  Dodder. 

Cus-pa'ri-a.*  A Linnman  genus  of 
the  class  Pentandria , natural  order  Dios - 
mess.  Also  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Brit.  Ph.)  of  the  bark  of  Galipea  cus- 
paria,  or  G.  ojjicinalis.  See  Galipea. 

Cuspa'ria  Fe-brif'n-ga.*  The  tree 
supposed  by  some  to  yield  Angustura 
bark,  now  called  Bonplandia  trifoliata  ; 
some  refer  it  to  the  Galipea  cusparia,  or 
G.  ojjicinalis. 

C’aas-pi-da'tais.*  [From  cus'pis,  cus'- 
pidis , a “point.”]  Cus'pidato.  Having 
a pointed  extremity.  Applied  in  the 


CUT 


CYC 


plural  masculine  ( Cuspida'ti ) to  certain 
teeth  (see  Dentes  Cuspidati). 

€u-ta'ne>ous.  [€uta'neus;  from 
cu'tis,  the  “ skin/’]  Belonging  to  the  skin. 

dita'neous  Ab-sorp'tion.  A func- 
tion of  the  skin  by  which  certain  prepa- 
rations rubbed  into  the  skin  have  the 
same  action  as  when  given  internally, 
only  in  a less  degree.  Thus,  mercury, 
applied  in  this  manner,  cures  syphilis 
and  excites  salivation,  tartrate  of  anti- 
mony is  said  to  occasion  vomiting,  and 
arsenic  produces  poisonous  effects. 

Cu-ta'ne-us  Mus'cu-lus.  i:  The  Pla - 
tysma-myodes , a muscle  of  the  neck  hav- 
ing the  appearance  of  a very  thin  fleshy 
membrane. 

C’u'ti-cle.  [Cutic'ula:  diminutive 
of  cu’tis , the  “skin.”]  The  Epidermis, 
or  scarf-skin. 

Cu'tis.**  [From  eicvrig  or  asiiTog,  a 
“skin”  or  “hide.”]  The  skin  consisting 
of  the  Cutis  vera , Rete  mucosum,  and  Cu- 
ticula. 

Cu'tis  An-ser*i'iia.s  (“Goose-skin.”) 
That  c<  n lition  of  the  skin,  produced  by 
cold  and  other  causes,  in  which  the 
papillae  become  rigid  and  erect,  resem- 
bling the  skin  of  a plucked  goose. 

(,’y  a-uate.  [Cy'anas,  a ’tis.]  A com- 
bination of  cyanic  acid  with  a base. 

£y-au'ic.  [Cyan'icus.]  Applied 
to  an  acid  composed  of  cyanogen  and 
oxygen. 

£y-aai 'o-gen.  [From  svavog,  “blue,” 
and  yewao),  to  “generate.”]  A peculiar 
principle  composed  of  nitrogen  and  car- 
bon, obtained  by  decomposing  the  cyanu- 
ret  of  mercury  by  heat.  It  is  sometimes 
called  Pru8sin , or  Prussine. 

£y'a-n©-pa-t!ii'a.*  [From  svavog, 
“blue,”  and  nadog,  “affection,”  “dis- 
ease.”] “Blue  disease j”  another  term 
for  Cyanosis. 

£y-a-no'sis.*  [From  svavog,  “blue.”] 
(Fr.  Cyanose f seva'n6z'.)  A blue  color 
of  the  skin,  resulting  from  congenital 
malformation  of  the  heart,  by  which 
venous  and  arterial  blood  are  mixed  so 
as  to  be  not  wholly  oxygenated:  the 
Morbus  cceruleus. 

C^y-an'u-ret.  [Cyanure'tMm;  from 
cyanoge'  nium.]  A combination  of  cyan- 
ogen with  a base. 

£y-a-mi'ric.  [Cyamn'ricns.]  Be- 
longing to  cyanogen  and  urine ; applied 
to  an  acid. 

£y-ai«'u-rm.  [Cyaimri'iaa ; from 
svavog,  “blue,”  and  ovpov,  the  “urine.”] 
A very  rare  substance  deposited  as  a 
blue  powder  by  the  urine. 


£y-ath-2-for'mis.*  [From  cy'athns , 
a “cup.”]  Shaped  like  a cup:  cy'athi- 
form. 

^y 'a- thus.*  [From  svaOog , a “ drink" 
ing-cup.”]  In  prescriptions,  it  signi- 
fies a wine-glass. 

Cycadacese,*  sik-a-da'she-e,  or  Cy- 
ca'dese.***  [From  Cy'cas,  Cyc'adis , one 
of  the  genera.]  A small  natural  order 
of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs,  found  in 
the  tropics.  Several  plants  of  this  order 
furnish  starch  and  sago  which  are  used 
for  food.  The  Cycads  were  formerly 
classed  with  the  Palms. 

Cy'cas  Ctr-ci-na'lis.**  An  East  In- 
dian palm-tree,  the  central  portion  of 
which  yields  a kind  of  sago. 

£y'cle.  [Cy'clus;  from  svs\og,  a 
“circle.”]  Applied  to  a revolution  of 
the  sun  of  twenty-eight  years,  and  of 
the  moon  of  nineteen  years.  A continual 
revolution  of  numbers  which  go  on 
without  interruption  to  the  last,  and  then 
return  to  the  first. 

£yc'Ii-cus.*  [From  svs\og,  a “circle.”] 
Belonging  to  a cycle  or  circle:  cyc'lic. 
Applied  in  the  plural  neuter  ( Cyc'lica) 
to  a family  of  coleopterous  insects  in 
which  the  body  is  generally  orbicular  or 
oval. 

£y  c-1  ©-branch -l-a 'tus,*  Cyc-Io- 
b ranch' I-us.*  [From  cy'clus,  and 
bronchia' tus,  “having  branchiae.*']  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  ( Cyclobranclii - 
a'ta)  to  an  order  of  Mollusca  Gasteropoda , 
in  which  the  branchiae  form  a circle:  cyc- 
lobranch'iate,  cyclobranch'ious. 

^yc-lo-gan-gli-a'ta.^  [From  svs\og, 
a “circle,”  and  ganglia’ tus,  “furnished 
with  ganglia,”  or  “ having  ganglia.”]  A 
term  applied  by  some  naturalists  to  the 
fourth  sub-kingdom  of  animals,  or  Mol- 
lusca, comprising  animals  mostly  aquatic, 
slow-moving  or  fixed,  without  internal 
skeleton,  covered  with  a permanent  cal- 
careous or  cartilaginous  shell,  and  dis- 
tinguished by  the  high  development  of 
the  cerebral  ganglia  and  their  circular 
distribution  around  the  oesophagus.  The 
classes  are  the  Tunicata,  Conchifera, 
Gasteropoda,  Pteropoda,  and  Cephalo- 
poda. See  Mollusca. 

£y'cl©ad.  [C'ycBoi'tZcs;  from  svs\og, 
a “circle,”  and  eUog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a circle. 

£yc-l©-neu'ra.*  [From  svs\og,  a “cir- 
cle,” and  vevpou,  a “nerve.”]  A term 
applied  by  some  writers  to  the  first  sub- 
kingdom of  animals,  or  Radiata,  on  ac- 
count of  the  circular  form  of  the  nervous 
axis  in  this  division. 


151 


CYC 


CYR 


£yc-lo-neu'rns.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  a circular  nervous  arrangement. 
See  preceding  article. 

£yc-los'  to-mws.~  [From  KvxXog,  and 
cTOfxa,  a “mouth.”]  (“  Round-mouthed/’) 
Applied  in  the  plural  masculine  (Cyclos'- 
tomi)  to  a family  of  lishes.  Also  named 
Suctnrii. 

<py-do'ni-a.*  [From  Cy'  don,  in  Crete, 
where  it  is  said  to  be  native.]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Icosandria, 
natural  order  Rosacese. 

^’ydo'Biisi  Vnl-ga'ris.;:  The  Pyrus 
Cydonia,  or  quince-tree. 

<?y-do'iii-um.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  for  quince-seeds,  which  are  some- 
times used  in  medicine  for  their  muci- 
lage. 

<pydo'iimasa  Ma'Itim.*  (“Cydonian 
Apple.”)  The  quince:  the  fruit  of  the 

Pyrus  Cydonia. 

Cy-lin  'dri-cal.  [Cylin'dricws.] 

Shaped  like  a cylinder. 

€y-li»-dri-for'mis.*  [From  cylin'- 
drus,  a “ cylinder.”]  Shaped  like  a cyl- 
inder. 

Cyl'in-droid.  [Cylindroi'des; 

from  cylin' dm*,  a “ cylinder,”  and  sldog, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  a cylinder. 

Uyin  'bi-form.  [Cymbifor ' mis ; 
from  cym'bct , a “ boat.”]  Shaped  like  a 
boat.  See  Navicularis,  Scaphoid. 

£yme,  or  [Gr.  Kvga,  a 

“stem  of  colewort.”]  A kind  of  inflo- 
rescence, like  that  of  the  elder,  resem- 
bling a corymb,  and  consisting  of  several 
flower-stalks  springing  from  one  centre, 
each  irregularly  subdivided. 

£y -in i ' nil m . - The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Lond.  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  Cumi- 
num  cyminnm. 

^y-nan'che.*  [From  kvw,  a “dog,” 
and  ayxw,  to  “strangle.”]  (Fr.  Angine , 
0Na'zh&n'.)  Inflammation  of  the  throat; 
sore  throat.  A genus  of  the  order  Phleg- 
masia, class  Pyrexise , of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 

Uynanclie  liaryng’oa.  See  Crottp. 
£ynan'clie  Ma-lig-'na.*  Putrid 
sore  throat,  often  an  attendant  on  scar- 
latina. 

£ynan'clie  Par-o-tid'e-a.*  The 

same  as  Parotitis. 

Cynanche  Pharyn^ea.  See  Pha- 
ryngitis. 

^ynan'ehe  Strep-I-to'rl-a,*  Cy- 
n a n'cli  e StridTi-la,*  ('ynan'clie 

&uf-fo-ca-ti'va.*  Names  for  Croup. 

C’ynan'ctie  Ton -si  I- la  ri*.*  Ton- 
tilli'tis  phlegm  on  o'  des,  or  quinsy. 

Cynan'che  Trach-c-aTis.*  The 

152 


croup;  otherwise  called  Cynanche  laryiu 
gea.  See  Croup. 

tYnanche  Ulcerosa.  See  Tonsil- 
litis Maligna. 

Vyn-an-thro'pi-a.*  [From  kviov,  a 
“dog,”  and  avOpomog,  a “man.”]  A kind 
of  Melancholia , in  which  the  patient 
fancies  himself  changed  into  a dog,  and 
imitates  its  bark  and  actions. 

£yn'a-ra  Scol'y-mus.*  The  botani- 
cal name  of  the  garden  artichoke,  a 
thistle-like  plant  growing  in  the  south 
of  Europe  and  cultivated  for  the  fleshy 
sweet  receptacle  of  its  flowers.  It  belongs 
to  the  Linnaean  class  Syngenesia,  natural 
order  Composite.  The  juice  of  the  leaves 
mixed  with  wine  is  sometimes  given  in 
dropsies.  (For  fuller  information  see 
Brande’s  “ Dictionary  of  Science.”) 

£yn'i-ciis.*  [From  kvw.]  Like  a 
dog:  cyn'ic.  See  Canine. 

Vy'nips  Qtier-ci-fo'li-i.*  A hymen- 
opterous  insect  found  in  the  gall  of  the 
oak.  The  gall  itself  is  called  Cyni'phis 
ni'dus,  or  the  “nest  of  the  cynips.” 

£yn-o-lis'sa.*  [From  kvwv,  a “ dog,” 
and  \va aa,  “madness.”]  Canine  mad- 
ness. See  Hydrophobia. 

fy n-o-rex ' l-a [From  kvwv,  a “dog,” 
and  opt^ig,  “appetite.”]  Canine  appetite. 

Cyperaceae,^  sip-er-a'she-e,  C’yp'er- 
o-i'de-se.*  [From  Cype'rus,  me  of  the 
genera.]  Sedges.  A natural  order  of 
endogenous  grass-like  plants,  found  in 
marshes,  ditches,  meadows,  heaths,  etc., 
from  the  Arctic  to  the  Antarctic  Circle. 
Some  species  of  it  are  used  as  food. 
The  Egyptian  Pajiyrus  belongs  to  this 
order. 

Uyperoi'clea?.*  The  Jussieurn  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Cyp- 
ERACE.E. 

£y-prl-pe'dl-nni.*  [From  Kvnpig,  a 
name  of  Venus,  and  nehov,  a “slipper.”] 
“Venus’s  Slipper.”  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  root  of 
the  Cypripe' diinn  pnbes'cens. 

Cyprus  Powder.  See  Abelmos- 
chus. 

Cy'prns  Tur'pen-tine.  A limpid, 
fragrant  substance  obtained  from  the 
Pistaci a terebi n thr n us. 

Cyrfllaoeav*  sTr-il-la'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of 
North  America,  including  the  Cyrilla 
and  two  other  genera. 

Vyr-to'sis.*  [From  Kvprog,  “curved.”] 
A term  denoting  among  the  ancients  a 
recurvation  of  the  spine,  or  posterior 
crookedness.  It  has  more  recently  been 
termed  Cyrton'osua  or  modbus  incur' vus. 


CYS 


CYT 


^ys-t&l'grl-a.'*  [From  wans,  the 
"bladder,"  and  aXyog,  "pain."]  Painful 
spasmodic  affection  of  the  bladder. 
C'ystectasy.  See  Lithectasy. 
£ys'tic.  [Cys'tictis;  from  wans, 
the  " bladder."]  Belonging  to  the  uri- 
nary or  gall  bladder. 

Cys  tic  I>act.  [Duc  tus  Oys'ticus.] 
The  duct  which  proceeds  from  the  gall- 
bladder and,  uniting  with  the  hepatic 
duct,  forms  the  ductus  communis  choledo- 
chus. 

Cystic  Oxitle.  See  Cystin. 
^ys-ti-?8r'cus.§  [From  wans,  a 
"bladder,"  and  /cspvo;,  a "tail."]  The 
tailed  bladder -worm.  Applied  to  a 
genus  of  Entozoa  Parenchymata , other- 
wise termed  Hydatids. 

£ys-ti-fel-le-ot'o-my.  [Cystifelle- 
oto'mia;  from  wans,  a "bladder,"  fel, 
the  "gall,”  and  reyaf a,  to  "cut."]  Opera- 
tion by  which  a gall-stone  is  extracted 
from  the  gall-bladder. 

£ys'tin.  [Cysti'na;  from  wans,  the 
"bladder."]  A peculiar  substance,  very 
rare,  in  a urinary  calculus;  also  termed 
Cystic  Oxide. 

£ys-tir-rlia'£i-a."*  [From  wans,  the 
"bladder,"  and  pnyvyxi,  to  " burst  forth."] 
A discharge  from  the  bladder,  whether 
of  blood  or  mucus. 

^ys-tir-rJioe'a.*  [From  wans,  the 
"bladder,"  and  pso,  to  "flow."]  A mu- 
cous discharge  from  the  bladder;  vesical 
catarrh.  See  Cystorriice a. 

£ys'tis.*  [Or.  wans,  the  "bladder."] 
A bladder,  or  sac;  specially,  the  Vesica 
urinaria.  The  membranous  bag  in  which 
any  morbid  substance  is  contained:  a 
cyst. 

£ys-ti'tis,  [From  wans,  the 

"bladder."]  Inflammation  of  the  blad- 
der. A genus  of  the  order  Phleymasise, 
class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

^/s'tI46me.  [Cystit'omiis ; from 
wans,  a "bladder,"  or  "sac,"  and  rkpi/cj, 
to  "cut."]  An  instrument  for  opening 
the  capsule  or  sac  of  the  crystalline  lens. 

£y3t©-bii-b»ii'©-$ele.*  [From  wa- 
ns, the  "bladder,"  (3o  >8  bv,  the  "groin," 
and  KrjXri,  a "tumor."]  A rare  kind  of 
Hernia,  in  which  the  urinary  bladder 
protrudes  through  the  inguinal  opening. 

£ys'to-sele.*  [From  wans,  the 
"bladder,"  and  wXr),  a "tumor."]  Her- 
nia in  which  the  urinary  bladder  is  pro- 
truded; Hernia  vesicalis. 

£ys-to- tly  11 ' i-a.  * [From  wans,  the 
< bladder,"  and  obvvr\,  "pain."]  Pain  in 
the  bladder. 

£ys't©id.  [Cystoi'des ; from  wans, 
14 


the  "bladder,"  and  elbog,  a "form."]  Re 
sembling  a cyst  or  bladder. 

£ys-to-li-t5ii'a-sis.*  [From  wans , 
the  "bladder,"  and  Xidog,  a "stone."] 
Urinary  calculous  disease. 

£ys-tol'I-tlius.*  [From  the  same.] 
A urinary  calculus:  a cys'tolith. 

^ys-to-plas'tic.  [Cystoplas'ticus.] 
Belonging  to  cystoplasty. 

$ys'to-plas-ty.  [dystopias' tia ; 
from  wans,  the  "bladder,"  and  nXtiaaio, 
to  "fabricate."]  Operation  for  vesico- 
vaginal fistula,  consisting  in  uniting 
a flap  taken  from  the  external  labium , 
by  suture,  to  the  newly-pared  edges  of 
the  sore. 

^ys-to-ple'g'i-a,*  Cys-to-plex ' i-a.^ 

[From  wans,  the  “ bladder,"  and  kX r\aa<\, 
to  "strike."]  Paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

£ys-top-to'sis.*  [From  wans,  the 
"bladder,"  and  n'nrTO),  to  "fall."]  Re- 
laxation of  the  internal  coat  of  the 
bladder,  which  protrudes  into  the  ure- 
thra. 

£ys-tor-rlioe'a.*  The  same  as  Cys- 

TIRRHCE  A. 

£ys-to-spas'tic.  [dystospas'ti- 
cus;  from  wans,  the  "bladder,"  and 
am'un,  to  "draw."]  Belonging  to  spasm 
of  the  bladder. 

£y s' to- tome.  [Cystofomns;  from 

wans,  the  " bladder,"  and  rkpvca,  to  "cut."] 
A knife  or  instrument  employed  in  Cys- 
totomy. 

£ys-tot'o-iny.  [Cystoto'mia ; from 
wans,  the  " bladder,"  and  npuio,  to  "cut."] 
Operation  of  cutting  into  the  bladder. 
See  Lithotomy. 

Cytinaceae,*  sit-e-na'she-e.  [From 
Cyt'inus,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  parasitical  plants  (Rhizogens), 
found  in  Southern  Europe  and  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

£yt'i-sisi.  [Cytisi'na.]  A bitter 
principle  found  in  the  seeds  of  the  Cytisus 
laburnum. 

£yt'i-sus.*  [Gr.  wnaog .]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Diadelphia, 
natural  order  Papilionacese. 

£yt'isws  Sco-pa'ri-us.*  One  of  the 
names  of  the  broom-plant. 

£yt'o-blast.  [dytoblas'ta;  from 
wrog,  a "cavity,"  and  SXaaraiux),  to  "bud" 
or  "burst  forth,"  to  "produce."]  The 
nucleus  of  cellular  or  elementary  cor- 
puscles in  all  vegetable  and  animal  tis- 
sues; the  Areola,  or  cell-nucleus.  Also, 
the  nucleus  of  those  cells,  growing  within 
cells  by  a generative  power  of  their  own, 
which  constitute  the  parenchyma  or  sub- 
stance of  morbid  growths. 


153 


CYT 


DAR 


^yt-o-blas-te'ma,  a'tis.%  The  fluid 
or  mother  liquid  in  which  the  cells  con- 
taining the  nucleus,  or  cytoblast,  origi- 
nate. 


£yt-o-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  kvto$ , a 
"cavity,”  or  “cell/'  and  yivopau , to  “be 
produced.”]  The  generation  of  cavities 
or  cells ; cell-development. 


D. 


I>.  = Do’ sis*  A “ dose.” 

I>ac'ry-o-.  [From  daxpuov,  a “tear.”] 
A prefix  denoting  connection  with  the 
lachrymal  apparatus. 

Dac'ry-o-ad'eu-i'tis,  a dis.%  [From 
dac'ryo , and  adeni'tis,  “ inflammation  of 
a gland.”]  Inflammation  of  the  lachry- 
mal gland. 

Dac'ry-o-^yst.  [©acryocys'tis ; 

from  ddxpvov,  a “tear,”  and  cys'tis,  a 
“bag”  or  “sac.”]  The  lachrymal  sac. 

S>ae-ry-o-^ys-ti'tis,  i dis.%  [From 
the  same.]  Inflammation  of  the  lachry- 
mal sac. 

I>ac-ry-o-cys-t©-t>len-iior-rlioe'a.* 

[From  SoLKpvo.',  a “ tear,”  and  blennorrhea' a, 
a “flow  of  mucus.”]  A discharge  of  mu- 
cus from  the  lachrymal  sac. 

I>ac-ry-o-lasem-©i*-i*8ioe'a.*  [From 
ddKpviv,  a “tear,”  and  hsemorrhee' a,  a 
“ flow  of  blood.”]  Sanguineous  lachryma- 
tion,  or  a flow  of  tears  mingled  with  blood. 

I>ae'ry-o-lite.  [I>acryoli'tes ; from 
dacryo-y  and  At  do;,  a “ stone.”]  A calcu- 
lous concretion  in  the  lachrymal  passage. 

Dac-ry-o'ma,  a tis.%  [From  daicpva), 
to  “weep.”]  An  obstruction  in  one  or 
both  of  the  jmneta  lachrymalia,  causing 
an  overflow  of  tears. 

I>ac-ty-lif'er-us.*  Bearing  dates. 
See  next  article. 

Dac'ty-lus.*  [From  6a*rv\of,  a “fin- 
ger;” a “date,”  from  its  resemblance  to 
a small  finger.]  The  same  as  Digitus. 
Also,  the  date,  or  fruit  of  Phoenix  dacty- 
lifera. 

I>:eaiio-no-ma'nI-a.*  [From  Saiyw, 
the  “devil,”  and  paAa,  “madness.”]  A 
variety  of  Melancholia  in  which  the  pa- 
tient fancies  himself  possessed  by  devils. 

I)a;suerreotype,da-ger'ro-tlp.  [From 
M.  Payuerre,  dAgaiit',  the  discoverer, 
and  ty'pus,  a “likeness,”  or  “figure”  of 
any  thing.]  The  system  or  process  of 
producing  pictures  by  the  action  of  light 
on  certain  prepared  metallic  plates,  in- 
troduced into  Franco  by  M.  Daguerre. 
See  Photography. 

Dali 'line.  A vegetable  principle  dis- 
covered in  the  dahlia,  similar  to  starch. 

lialby’s  (dawl'bez)  Car-mina-tive. 
A popular  empirical  carminative  for 
154 


children,  composed  of  the  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  with  a small  quantity  of  the 
tincture  of  assafoetida,  tincture  of  opium, 
oil  of  peppermint,  aniseed,  and  other 
aromatic  oils. 

I)al'ton*i»m.  [Daltonis'nnus.]  In- 
ability to  distinguish  colors,  which  Dal- 
ton, the  celebrated  chemist,  labored 
under. 

I>ain'ask-Rose.  The  Rosa  centifolia . 

l>amp.  (Ger.  Damp/,  “vapor.”)  A 
term  applied  to  noxious  gases  found  in 
mines.  See  Choke-Damp  and  Fire- 
Damp. 

I>am'son.  [A  corruption  of  Damas- 
ce'num,  “belonging  to  Damascus.”]  The 
fruit  of  a variety  of  the  Prumts  domestica . 

Dan-de-li'on.  (Fr.  Pent-de-lion, 
doNG'deh'16'<W',  like  leontodon , signify- 
ing “ Lion’s-Tooth.”)  The  Leon'todon 
tarax'acum.  See  Taraxacum. 

Ban  «h‘i(F.  [Fitr'fur,  uris.]  The 
disease  Pityriasis  capitis. 

I>anse  de  Saint  Guy,  doNs  deh 
saN°  gA  The  French  name  for  Chorea. 

Daplt'ne.*  [Gr.  Ad^vri.]  A Linnman 
genus  of  the  class  Octandria,  natural 
order  Thyinelacese. 

l>apli'ne  Al-pi'na.*  A dwarf  spe- 
cies of  Daphne , from  which  has  been  ob- 
tained an  acrid  alkaline  principle  called 
Daphnin,  which  see. 

Dapli'ne  Gnid'ium*  (nid'e-um). 
The  bark  of  this  tree  is  employed  in 
France  as  a vesicatory  under  the  name 
of  Paphne  Garou  (d&f'n&Z  gAroo'). 

liaphne  Mezereon.  See  next  ar- 
ticle. 

Dapli'ne  Me-ze're-um  (or  Me-ze« 

re'um).*  Spurge-olive.  The  plant 
which  affords  mezereon  bark.  See  Me- 
zereon. 

Dnplinin,  or  I>aph'nine.  [Dapli- 
liiiia.]  An  acrid,  volatile,  alkaline 
principle,  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the 
Paph'ne  Alpi'na.  It  is  this  principle 
(as  is  supposed)  to  which  the  different 
species  of  Paphne  owe  their  vesicating 
power. 

Dar'tos.*  [Gr.  daprrk,  “skinned,”  or, 
perhaps,  “made  like  skin,”  “resembling 
skin;”  from  &p<*s,  a “skin.”]  Tlio 


DAR 


DEC 


cellular  tissue  subjacent  to  the  skin  of 
the  scrotum,  by  the  contractility  of 
which,  during  life,  the  latter  is  corru- 
gated. 

Dartre  (Fr.),  daRtr.  Often  indefinitely 
applied  by  French  authors  to  different 
cutaneous  diseases : it  seems,  however, 
to  agree  pretty  nearly  with  Herpes. 

Date.  [Lat.  Dac'tylus;  Fr.  Datte, 
d&tt.]  The  fruit  of  the  date  palm,  or 
Phoe'nix  dactylif' era. 

Datiscaceay*  dat-is-ka'she-e.  A 
small  natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  Europe,  India,  and  North 
America.  It  includes  the  Datis’ca,  which 
is  used  as  a purgative  in  fevers. 

Datte.  See  Date. 

Da-tu'ra.*  A Linnsean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Sola- 
nacese. 

Datu'ra  Stra-mo'ni-um.*  The 

thorn-apple,  or  Jamestown  weed.  See 
Stramonium. 

Dat-u'rin.  [Datu'ria.]  An  alka- 
line principle  discovered  in  Datura  stra- 
monium. 

Bail'd  Ra'dix.*  (“Root  of  the 
Carrot/")  See  Daucus  Carota. 

Dau'cus.*  [Gr.  (kubroj.]  A Linnsean 
genus  of  the  class  Pentandria,  natural 
order  Umbelliferse. 

Dau  cus  Ca-ro'ta.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  common  garden-carrot 
(variety  sati'vus). 

Day-RIindness.  See  Nyctalopia. 

Day  -Mare.  [Incubus  Vigilan'- 
tiuui.]  A species  of  incubus  occurring 
during  wakefulness,  and  attended  with 
that  distressing  pressure  on  the  chest 
which  characterizes  nightmare. 

Day-Sight.  See  Hemeralopia. 

D.  D.  = De'tur  ad.%  “Let  it  be  given  to.” 

De.  A Latin  particle  usually  signi- 
fying “down,”  or  “from;”  frequently  it 
is  intensive , and  occasionally  privative, 
or  negative , having  sometimes  nearly  the 
force  of  the  English  particle  tin:  e.g. 
decoquo,  to  “boil  down/"  to  “boil  tho- 
roughly;” deform  [from  for'ma , “form/" 
“grace/"  “beauty""],  to  “deprive  of 
grace  or  beauty/"  decompose,  to  “un- 
compound.” 

Dead'ly  Night'shade.  The  At'ropa 
belladon'na. 

Deaf.  See  S urdus. 

Deaf-Dumb'ness.  Dumbness  arising 
from  congenital  or  early  deafness. 

Dealbatio,  or  Dealbation.  See 
Bleaching. 

Deaur.  pil.  = Deaur'etur  piVula .* 
“ Let  the  pill  be  gilded.” 


De-bil'i-ty.  [Debil'itas ; from 

deb'ilis,  “weak.""]  (Fr.  Faiblesse,  f&'- 
bless'.)  Weakness,  or  feebleness;  decay 
of  strength  either  of  mind  or  body. 

Deb.  Spiss.  = Deb'ita  Spissitu' do,* 
“a  due  thickness  or  consistency,""  or 
Deb'itse  Spissitu' dinis,  “of  a due  consis- 
tency."" 

Dec.  = Decan' ta.*  “Pour  off.’" 

Deca-gon.  [Decago'num ; from 
dUa,  “ten,”  and  ycovia,  an  “angle.”]  A 
figure  having  ten  equal  angles  and  sides. 

Dec-ag'o-nal.  [Dee  ago' mis.]  Be- 
longing to  a decagon ; having  the  form 
of  a decagon. 

Decagramme,  dek'a-gram.  [Deca- 
gram'ina,  a tis  ; from  d Ua,  ‘‘  ten,”  and 
(Fr.)  gramme .]  Ten  grammes,  equal  to 
154.34  grains  Troy. 

Decagynia.  See  Decagynius. 

Dec-a-gyn'I-us.*  [From  6 e>ca,  “ten,” 
and  yvi/rj,  a “ woman”  or  “female.”]  Hav- 
ing ten  pistils.  Applied  to  a Linnsean 
order  comprising  plants  with  ten  pistils. 

Decalitre,  dek'sl-l£tr'.  [From  <5 exa, 
“ten,”  and  (Fr.)  litre.]  Ten  litres,  equal 
to  610.28  English  cubic  inches. 

Decametre,  dek'a-me't’r  (French 
pronunciation,  d^'kAmetr').  [From  deica , 
“ ten,”  and  (Fr.)  metre.]  Ten  metres, equal 
to  393.71  English  inches,  or  about  thirty- 
two  and  three-quarters  English  feet. 

De-can 'dri-a.*  [From  de<a,  “ten,” 
and  arrip,  “man”  or  “male.""]  A class 
of  plants  in  the  Linnaean  system,  char- 
acterized by  having  ten  stamens. 

De-cau  drl-ous.  [ Decan 'd  r i us.] 

Having  ten  stamens.  See  Decandria. 

De-can-ta'tion.  [Decan  ta'tio.] 
The  pouring  off  of  clear  fluid  from  sedi- 
ments. 

Dec-a-ptiyTlous.  [Decapbyl'lus ; 

from  deica,  “ten,”  and  (pvWor , a “leaf.”] 
Having  ten  leaves. 

Decapitation.  See  Decollation. 

De-cap'o-da,*  or  Dec'a-pods. 
[From  deica,  “ten,”  and  novg,  irodog,  a 
“foot."’]  A name  given  by  Cuvier  to 
an  order  of  Crustaceans  having  ten 
thoracic  feet.  Also  applied  to  a tribe 
of  Cephalopods  having  ten  locomotive 
and  prehensile  appendages  proceeding 
from  the  head,  two  of  which,  called  ten- 
tacles, are  always  longer  than  the  rest. 

De-cap'o-dous.  [Decap 'odus : 
from  deica,  “ten,”  and  i rovg,  -rr odog,  a “foot.”] 
Literally,  “having  ten  feet.”  See  De- 
capoda. 

De-cem'fl-duA.*  [From  de’cem, 
“ten,”  and  Jin' do,  to  “cleave.”]  Cleft 
into  ten  parts  ; decem'fidous. 


155 


DEC 


DEC 


De-cem-loc'u-lar.  [!>ecemlocu- 

la'ris;  from  de'cem , “ten,"  and  loc'ulus , 
a “ little  pocket/']  Having  ten  little 
compartments. 

De-ci«Fu-a.*  [See  Deciduus.]  A 
spongy  membrane,  or  chorion,  produced 
at  the  period  of  conception,  and  thrown 
off  from  the  uterus  after  parturition. 

Decid'ua  Mem-bra'na,  (or  Tin'nl- 
ca)  Re-tflex'a.*  The  same  as  Decidua 
Reflexa,  which  see. 

Decid'ua  Membra'na  (or  Tu'niea) 
U'te-ri.®  (“  Deciduous  Membrane  of  the 
Uterus.")  The  same  as  Decidua  Vera. 

Decid'ua  Re-flex'a.*  That  portion 
of  the  decidua  which  is  reflected  over, 
and  surrounds,  the  ovum. 

Decid'ua  Ve'ra.*  That  portion  of 
the  decidua  which  lines  the  interior  of 
the  uterus. 

De-cid'u-us.*  [From  deg'ido,  to 
“fall  down,"  to  “fall  off."]  Falling  off: 
decid'uous. 

Decigramme,  des'se-gram.  (Fr. 
Decigramme,  d&'se'gramm'.  [From  del- 
imits, “tenth,"  and  (Fr.)  gramme .]  The 
tenth  part  of  a gramme,  equal  to  1.544 
grains  avoirdupois,  or  one  and  a half 
grains  troy. 

Decilitre,  dess'e-l6tr'.  [From  deg'- 
imus,  “tenth,"  and  (Fr.)  litre.]  The  tenth 
part  of  a litre,  equal  to  6.1028  English 
cubic  inches. 

Decimetre,  dess'e-me't’r  (French 
pronunciation,  dAsAmeta').  [From  del- 
imits, “tenth,"  and  (Fr.)  metre.]  The 
tenth  part  of  a metre,  equal  to  3.937,  or 
nearly  four,  English  inches. 

De-cli'nal.  [From  decli'no,  to  “bend 
downwards."]  Applied  to  the  slope  of 
strata  from  an  axis. 

Dec'li-nate.  [Declina'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Bending  down. 

De-cli'vis.*  [From  de,  “down,"  and 
cli'vus , the  “descent  of  a hill."]  De- 
scending. 

Decoct.  = Decoc'tnm .*  “ A decoction." 

De-coc'ta,i:  the  plural  of  Decoctum. 

Decocts,  d&'kok'tA.  The  French  for 
Decoctum,  which  see. 

De-coc'tion.  [Decoc'tum,  or  De- 
eoc'tio,  o'/m/  from  de,  “down,"  and 
co' quo,  coc'tum , to  “boil."]  A continued 
ebullition  with  water,  to  separate  such 
parts  of  bodies  as  are  soluble  only  at 
that  degree  of  heat.  A medicine  made 
by  boiling  some  medicinal  substance  in 
a watery  fluid.  In  this  latter  significa- 
tion it  corresponds  to  Decoctum,  which 
see. 

De-coc'tum,*  plural  De-coc'la. 

156 


[From  the  same.]  A decoction.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  term  for  a medicinal 
preparation  made  by  boiling  some  vege- 
table substance  in  water  for  the  purpose 
of  extracting  the  soluble  ingredients. 

Decoc  tum  C'e-tra'ri-se.*  (“  Decoc- 
tion of  Iceland  Moss.")  Take  of  Iceland 
Moss  half  a troyounce:  water,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Boil  the  Iceland  Moss 
in  a pint  of  water  for  fifteen  minutes, 
strain  with  compression,  and  add  suffi- 
cient water  through  the  strainer  to  make 
the  decoction  measure  a pint. 

I)ecoc'tum€hi-maph  (“  De- 

coction of  Pipsissewa.")  Take  of  pipsis- 
sewa,  bruised,  a troyounce ; water,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Boil  the  pipsissewa  in  a 
pint  of  water  fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and 
add  sufficient  water  through  the  strainer 
to  make  the  decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoc  tum  d in-ch»  me  Fla'vae.* 
(“Decoction  of  Yellow  Cinchona.")  Take 
of  yellow  cinchona,  bruised,  a troyounce; 
water,  a sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the 
yellow  cinchona  in  a pint  of  water  for 
fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and  add  sufficient 
water  through  the  strainer  to  make  the 
decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoc  tum  t in-eho'n®  Ru  bra1.* 
(“Decoction  of  Red  Cinchona.")  Take 
of  red  cinchona,  bruised,  a troyounce; 
water,  a sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the 
red  cinchona  in  a pint  of  water  for 
fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and  add  sufficient 
water  through  the  strainer  to  make  the 
decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoc  tum  For'nus  Flor'i-dav* 
(“Decoction  of  Dogwood.")  Take  of 
dogwood,  bruised,  a troyounce;  water,  a 
sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the  dogwood 
in  a pint  of  water  for  fifteen  minutes, 
strain,  and  add  sufficient  water  through 
the  strainer  to  make  the  decoction  mea- 
sure a pint. 

Decoc  tum Dul-ca-ma'rse.*  (“  De- 
coction of  Bittersweet.")  Take  of  bitter- 
sweet, bruised,  a troyounce;  water,  a 
sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the  bittersweet 
in  a pint  of  water  for  fifteen  minutes, 
strain,  and  add  sufficient  water  through 
the  strainer  to  make  the  decoction  mea- 
sure a pint. 

Decoctum  Hiem-a-tox'y-li.* 

(“  Decoction  of  Logwood.")  Take  of  log- 
wood, rasped,  a troyounce ; water,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Boil  the  logwood  in  a pint 
of  water  for  fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and 
add  sufficient  water  through  the  strainer 
to  make  the  decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoc't um  Ilor'de-i.*  (“  Decoction 
of  Barley.")  Take  of  barley  two  troy- 
156 


DEC 


DEF 


ounces;  water,  a sufficient  quantity. 
Having  washed  away  the  extraneous 
matters  which  adhere  to  the  barley,  boil 
it  with  half  a pint  of  water  for  a short 
time,  and  throw  away  the  resulting 
liquid.  Then,  having  poured  on  it  four 
pints  of  boiling  water,  boil  down  to  two 
pints,  and  strain. 

Decoc'tiini  (Juer'euH  Al'bav* 

(“  Decoction  of  White-Oak  Bark.”)  Take 
of  white-oak  bark,  bruised,  a troyounce; 
water,  a sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the 
white-oak  bark  in  a pint  of  water  for 
fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and  add  sufficient 
water  through  the  strainer  to  make  the 
decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoc  tum  Sas**sa«pa>riM9C  Com- 
pos'I-tum.*  (“Compound  Decoction 
of  Sarsaparilla.”)  Take  of  Sarsaparilla, 
sliced  and  bruised,  six  troyounces;  bark 
of  sassafras-root,  sliced,  guaiacuin-wood, 
rasped,  liquorice-root,  bruised,  each  a 
troyounce;  mezereon,  sliced,  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty  grains;  water,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Macerate  with  four  pints 
of  water  for  twelve  hours;  then  boil  for 
a quarter  of  an  hour,  strain,  and  add 
sufficient  water  through  the  strainer  to 
make  the  decoction  measure  four  pints. 

I>ecoc'tum  Sen'e-gae.*  (“Decoc- 
tion of  Seneka.”)  Take  of  seneka,  bruised, 
a troyounce;  water,  a sufficient  quantity. 
Boil  the  seneka  in  a pint  of  water  for 
fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and  add  sufficient 
water  through  the  strainer  to  make  the 
decoction  measure  a pint. 

Decoe  luiii  XT  'vae  Ur'si.*  (“'  Decoc- 
tion of  Uva  Ursi.”)  Take  of  uva  ursi 
a troyounce ; water,  a sufficient  quantity. 
Boil  the  uva  ursi  in  a pint  of  water  for 
fifteen  minutes,  strain,  and  add  sufficient 
water  through  the  strainer  to  make  the 
decoction  measure  a pint. 

l>e-col-la'tion.  [From  de , privative, 
and  col' him,  the  “neck.”]  Applied  to 
the  removal  of  the  head  of  the  child  in 
cases  of  difficult  parturition. 

I>e-com-i»D-si'tioaa.  [S>ecomg>osi'- 
tio, o'nis;  from  de,  negative,  or  “from,” 
and  compo'no,  compos' itum,  to  “put  to- 
gether.”] The  separation  of  compound 
bodies  into  their  constituent  parts  or 
principles;  analysis. 

I>e-c»an-p»s'i-tws.*  [From  the 
same.]  Applied  in  the  feminine  plural 
( Decompos' itie)  to  a class  or  division  of 
plants  having  a common  foot-stalk  sup- 
porting a number  of  lesser  leaves,  each 
of  which  is  compounded. 

l>e-cor-ti-ca'  tioai . [I>ecort lea' tio, 
o’nis;  from  de,  priv.,  or  “from,”  and 
14* 


cnr'tex,  “bark.”]  The  removal  of  bark, 
husk,  or  shell. 

I>ec're-ineiit.  [Decremen'tum  *, 

from  decres'co,  to  “grow  less.”]  The 
decrease  or  proportion  in  which  any  thing 
is  lessened. 

JDe-crep-l-ta'taon.  [fl>ecrepita'tio, 

o ' uis  ; from  deerep'ito,  deer epita' turn,  to 
“crackle”  or  “explode.”]  The  crackling 
noise  produced  by  certain  bodies  when 
heated,  as  common  salt,  etc. 

IDecwb.  = Decn'bitus ,*  or  Decu'bitit.% 
“Lying  down,”  or  “On  lying  down”  (i.e. 
going  to  bed). 

De>cu ' bi- 1 us.*  [From  decum'bo,  de- 
cu'bitum,  to  “lie  down.”]  A lying  down, 
or  reclining  in  the  horizontal  position. 
An  important  symptom  in  certain  dis- 
eases is  to  be  observed  from  the  manner 
of  lying  in  bed. 

I>e-c  win 'bens.*  [From  the  same.] 
Lying  down : decum'bent. 

J>e-cur'rens.*  [From  decur'ro,  de- 
cur' sum,  to  “run  down.”]  Applied  to 
leaves  which  run  down  the  stem  in  a 
leafy  border  or  wing:  decur'rent. 

I>e-cur'slve.  [I>ecursi'vus;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  leaves  that  run 
down  the  stem,  attached  by  their  middle 
nerve  only. 

I>e-ews'sate.  [From  decus'so,  decus- 
sa' turn,  to  “cross”  (from  decus'sis,  the 
number  “ ten,”  represented  by  a cross, 
X).]  To  cross  each  other.  See  next 
article. 

Dec-tis-sa'tion.  [!>ecwssa'tio, 

o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  crossing 
or  running  of  one  portion  athwart  an- 
other, as  in  the  case  of  the  optic  nerves, 
which  cross  each  other  within  the 
cranium. 

I>e-etis-so'ri-imi.*  An  instrument 
for  depressing  the  dura  mater  after  tre- 
phining. 

I>.  iw  I>.  = De  Di'e  in  Di'em.% 
“From  day  to  day.” 

©efaiiiance,  d&'f&'yoNss'.  The 
French  term  for  “fainting.”  Like  the 
Latin  dcfectio,  its  primary  signification 
is  a “failing”  of  the  strength. 

I>ef-e»ea'tion.  [Defseca'tio,  o'nis  ; 
from  defse'eo,  defreca' turn,  to  “ deprive  of 
the  dregs”  (fasces),  to  “strain  through 
a sieve.”]  The  removal  of  fasces,  lees, 
or  sediment  from  any  thing.  The  act  of 
discharging  the  fasces. 

I>efectio,*  de-fek'she-o.  [From  drfi'- 
cio , to  “lack”  or  “fail.”]  A failing; 
a failing  of  heart,  strength,  or  cou- 
rage. 

X>efec'tio  An'i-ani.*  Literally,  the 
157 


DEF 


DEL 


“failing  of  the  mind;’'  hence,  fainting. 
The  same  as  Deliquium  Animi. 

J>ef 'er-ens,*  plural  neuter  l>efer- 
entia,  def-er-en'she-a.  [From  def'ero , 
to  “carry  down,”  to  “convey.”]  Con- 
veying: def'erent.  See  Vas  Deferens. 

I>eFla«g:ra'ti<m.  [Beflag-ra'tio, 
O 'nis;  from  defla'gro,  deflagra' turn,  to 
be  “set  on  fire,”  to  “be  utterly  con- 
sumed.”] The  burning  of  an  inflamma- 
ble substance  or  metal  with  nitre,  chlo- 
rate of  potash,  etc. 

De'flex.  from  dejlec'to, 

to  “bend  down.”]  Bending  a little 
downwards. 

I>e-ff!o'rate.  [I>eftora'tus ; from 

deflo'roy  deflora' turn,  to  “deflower.”]  Ap- 
plied to  anthers  that  have  shed  their 
pollen,  and  plants,  their  flowers. 

I>ef-lo-ra'taoaa.  [I>eSioraiio,  o 'nis  ; 
from  the  same.]  In  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, connection  without  violence,  in 
contradistinction  from  rape.  Loss  of 
the  marks  of  virginity  by  connection 
with  a male. 

Defluxion,  de-fluk'shun.  [I>e- 
flnx'io.  o' ins;  from  de,  “down,”  and 
flu' oy  flux' um  or  flue’ turn,  to  “flow.”]  A 
flowing  of  humors  downwards. 

I>e-fo-li-a'tion.  [I>efolia'tio,  o’ nis; 
from  de , priv.,  and  fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
The  fall  of  leaves,  as  contradistinguished 
from  frondescenee,  or  their  renovation. 

I>e-for-ina'tion.  [I>eforma'tio, 
o'nis;  from  defor'mo,  de  forma  turn,  to 
“mar”  or  “disfigure.”]  Distortion  of 
any  part,  or  general  deformity  of  the  body. 

I>e-£en-er-a'tion.  [Lat.  Degenera'- 
ti©,  O 'nis;  from  degen' ero,  dcgencra' turn, 
to  be  “worse  than  one’s  ancestors;”  Fr. 
Degenerescence,  dAzhAnAres'soNSs'.]  De- 
terioration. Applied  in  Pathology  to  a 
morbid  change  in  the  structure  of  parts: 
such  as  Laroaceous  Degeneration. 

I>og,-l w- ti ' t ion.  [ Degl  ai I i t io,  o ' n i s; 
from  dcglu'tio , degluti'tum , to  “swallow 
down.”]  The  act  of  swallowing. 

J>e-gree'.  [Lat.  CSra'ilois,  a “step,” 
or  “rank.”]  The  360th  part  of  a circle. 
Also,  the  rank  or  title  of  Bachelor,  Mas- 
ter, or  Doctor,  conferred  by  the  Faculty 
of  a university  or  college.  See  Doctor. 

I>e-liis\'ence.  [Dehiscen  tia;  from 
dehis'eo , to  “gape”  or  “burst  open.”]  A 
bursting  open.  Applied  to  capsules. 

S»e*]iIs\oii(.  [From  the  same.]  Open- 
ing or  splitting,  as  the  capsules  of  certain 
plants. 

I>eJ.  Alv.  = Dejcctio'ncs  Ahi'nse .* 
“Alvinc  dejections.” 

I>c-jcction.  [Dejoc'tlo,o'a»#;  from 
158 


deji’cio,  dejec’tum,  to  “ throw  down.”] 
The  discharge  of  any  excrementitious 
matter;  also,  the  matter  discharged;  a 
stool,  or  evacuation  of  the  bowels.  Also, 
depression,  exhaustion,  or  prostration. 

D^layant,  dsVkPyoN*'.  The  French 
term  for  Diluent,  which  see. 

I>el-e-te'ri-ous.  [I>elete'rius;  from 
de'leo,  dele' turn,  to  “destroy.”]  Lite- 
rally, “destroying.”  Injurious;  poi- 
sonous. 

DoH-ga'tion.  [Deliga'tio.  o’ nis  ; 

from  del'igo,  deliga'tum,  to  “bind  up.”] 
The  act  of  applying  a bandage. 

I>el-i-<iii£s'£eiBce.  [From  deliqves'- 
co , to  “grow  moist”  or  “liquid.”]  The 
liquescent  state  assumed  by  certain  saline 
bodies  in  consequence  of  their  attracting 
water  from  the  air. 

I>eliquium,*  de-lik'we-um.  [From 
delin' quo,  to  “fail.”]  A failing;  a faint- 
ing or  swooning. 

Deliq'uittm  An'I-mi.*  (“Failing 
of  the  Mind.”)  Swooning  or  fainting; 
syn'eope:  also  called  De/ectio  animi. 

[From  deli'ro , to 
“rave.”]  A symptom  consisting  in  be- 
ing fitful  and  wandering  in  talk. 

Delir'ium  Tre'mens.*  (“Trem- 
bling Delirium.”)  (Fr.  Delire  Tremblanty 
dAl^u'  troM'bloN0'.)  An  affection  re- 
sulting from  an  excessive  indulgence  in 
strong  liquors,  or  opium.  See  Mania  a 
Potu. 

I>el-E-t£s'sence.  [From  d elites’ coy 
to  “lie  hid.”]  A term  used  principally 
by  the  French  physiologists  to  express  a 
more  sudden  disappearance  of  the  symp- 
toms of  inflammation  than  occurs  in 
resolution. 

I>e-liv'er-y.  (Fr.  Delivrer , dAl&'vR&', 
to  “free.”)  The  expulsion  of  a child  by 
the  mother,  or  its  extraction  by  the  ob- 
stetrical practitioner.  The  expulsion  of 
the  placenta  and  membranes,  however, 
is  necessary  to  complete  the  delivery. 

A$'id.  An  acid  pro- 
cured from  the  oil  of  the  Dc/qdii'mts  del' - 
phis,  or  dolphin. 

[From  ce\(p!v , the 
“dolphin.”]  A Linnacan  genus  of  the 
class  Pohjandria,  natural  order  Hamm- 
cvlncerr.  Also  the  Pharmacopceini  name 
(U.S.  Ph.,  1860)  for  the  seed  of  the  Del- 
phinium  cottsofida.  As  a diuretic,  it  is 
sometimes  given  in  dropsy. 

1>cl|>liin'ium  Staplid-sa 
The  plant  stavesacre. 

B>cltoi<l.  [Deltoi'des:  from  the 
Greek  triangular  letter,  and  a 

“form.”]  Shaped  like  the  Greek  letter 


DEL 


DEN 


A (delta).  The  name  of  a large  triangu- 
lar muscle  covering  the  shoulder -joint. 

Del-to-i'de-aas.*  [From  deltoi'des .] 
Belonging  to  the  deltoid  muscle. 

Deaiaeaatia,*  de-men 'she-a.  [From 
de , priv.,  and  mens , the  “mind.”]  (Fr. 
Demence,  dAmdxss'.)  Want  of  intellect; 
a species  of  insanity. 

De-mer'sus.*  [From  demer'go , de- 
wier'sum,  to  “dip  in  water.”]  Growing 
beneath  the  surface  of  water.  Applied  to 
leaves  naturally  so  situated. 

Deaaai-ISaiia,  dm&  baN°.  (“Half- 
Bath.”)  The  French  term  for  a hip-bath. 

De-mul'$ents.  [Bcaaaulcentia, 
de-mul-sen'she-a;  from  demuVceo , to 
“soothe.”]  (Fr.  Adoucissants,  Adoo'se'- 
song\)  “Soothing  [medicines].”  Ap- 
plied to  medicines  of  a mucilaginous  or 
oily  consistence. 

Den'drl-form.  [Dcndrifor'mis ; 

from  bivbpo;,  a “ tree.”]  Formed  like  a 
tree. 

Ben'drate.  [Dendri'tes;  from  bev- 
bpou,  a “tree,”  and  Xidog,  a “stone.”]  Any 
figure  of  a tree  or  shrub  observed  in 
fossils  and  minerals. 

Ben-drit'ic.  [Dendrit'ieus;  from 
bsrbpoi/.]  Belonging  to  a tree  or  shrub. 

Deaa-drog'ra-pSay.  [Dendrogra'- 
pliia;  from  bubpov,  a “tree,”  and  ypvjxo, 
to  “write.”]  A history  of  trees  and 
shrubs. 

Ben'droid.  [Dendroi'des;  from 
bei>bpoi>,  a “tree,”  and  tlbog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a tree  or  shrub. 

Den'dro-late.  [Dendroli'tes;  from 
bkebpov,  a “tree,”  and  Xidog,  a “stone.”]  A 
petrified  tree  or  shrub. 

Den-drol'o-gy-  [Beaidrolo'gia ; 

from  bhbpoi >,  a “tree,”  and  Xoyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  trees;  the  sci- 
ence of  trees. 

Den-drom'e-ter.  [Bendmm'e- 

truaaa;  from  bkrbpo.>,  a “tree,”  and  pirpov, 
a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring trees. 

Dengue  (Sp.),  den'gA  A fever  of 
America,  characterized  by  sharp  pains 
down  the  thighs  and  legs,  and  general 
soreness  of  the  flesh  and  bones. 

Ben-a-gra'tion.  [Denigra'tio ; 
from  deni'gro,  deni gr a' turn,  to  “blacken.”] 
Another  term  for  Melanosis,  derived  from 
its  black  appearance.  See  Melanosis. 

Dens,--  gen.  Deaa'tis.  [Sanscrit 
Dantd ; Gr.  dbovg,  db6nTog.~\  A tooth.  See 
Tooth 

Dens  ILe-o'nis.*1  (“Lion’s  Tooth.”) 
The  same  as  dandelion,  or  Leon' todon 
tar  ax'  acum. 


Dent,  ddN°'.  The  French  for  “tooth.” 
See  Dens. 

Den'ta-gra.*  [From  dens,  and  uypa, 
a “seizure.”]  The  same  as  Odontalgia. 
Also,  a kind  of  forceps,  or  tooth-key, 
for  extracting  teeth. 

Dcaataire.  See  Dental. 

Denial.  [Denta'fiis;  from  dens, 
den'tis,  a “tooth.”]  (Fr.  Dentaire,  ddN0'- 
teit'.)  Pertaining  to  teeth. 

Dcn-ta'ta.*  The  name  of  the  second 
vertebra,  so  called  from  its  projecting 
tooth-like  process. 

Don' late.  [Deaata'tus;  from  dens .] 
Toothed. 

Dcaa'tes,*  gen.  Dciatmm,  den'she- 
um,  the  plural  of  Dens,  a “ tooth.”  See 
Teeth. 

Dcn'tcs  C1aas-pa-«la'ti,*  or  simply 
Cuspida'ti.*  Four  pointed  teeth,  two 
in  each  jaw,  situated  adjoining  and  pos- 
terior to  the  lateral  incisors.  The  two 
cuspidati  of  the  upper  jaw  are  in  popu- 
lar language  called  eye-teeth. 

Den'tesSapien'tise-^sap-e-en'she-e). 
The  “Teeth  of  Wisdom,”  or  wisdom- 
teeth.  A name  given  to  the  last  grinder 
teeth,  because  they  come  in  mature  years. 

Don-tic' aa-latc,  or  Don-tic' u-lat- 
cd.  [Dcnticula'tus:  from  dentic' ulus, 
diminutive  of  dens.~\  Having  little  teeth. 

Doai'tl-frace.  [Dositiiri'cium ; 
from  dens,  a “tooth,”  and  fri'eo,  to 
“rub.”]  A medicinal  powder  for  the 
teeth;  tooth-powder. 

Dcn'tlne,  or  Don'tin.  [Donti'na; 
from  dens,  a “tooth.”]  The  bone-like 
substance  forming  the  inner  part  of  the 
body,  neck,  and  roots  of  the  teeth. 

Don-ta-ros'tris,*  plural  Dcaa-ta- 
ros'tres.  [From  dens,  a “tooth,”  and 
ros'trum,  a “beak.”]  Applied  in  the 
plural  to  a family  of  birds  having  a 
tooth-like  beak:  dentiros'trate. 

Den-ti-scal'pa-aaan.^  [From  dens,  a 
“tooth,”  and  scal'po,  to  “scrape.”]  An 
instrument  for  scaling  teeth. 

Dentist.  See  Surgeon  Dentist. 

Deaa-tation.  [Beaati'ti©,o'ms/  from 
den'tio , dent i' turn , to  “breed  or  produce 
teeth.”]  The  first  appearing  of  the  teeth 
in  infancy;  teething. 

Deaatium.  See  Dentes. 

Deaa'tiiam  Cnr'tex.*  (“Bark  or 
Rind  of  the  Teeth.”)  A name  applied 
to  the  enamel  which  forms  the  most  im- 
portant part  of  the  covering  of  the 
teeth.  See  Enamel. 

Deaa'tmaai  Do'Ioav*  (“Pain  of  the 
Teeth.”)  See  Odontalgia. 

Dcaa'toid.  [Deaatoi'des ; from  dens, 

159 


DEN 


DER 


a "tooth,”  and  eidog,  a "form.”]  Resem- 
bling a tooth. 

De-ni&'date.  [Denuda'tiis ; from 

denu'do , denuda'tum,  to  "make  bare.”] 
Made  bare. 

I>eai-u-da/tion.  [Denuda'ti©,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  laying  bare  of  any 
part. 

De-ob'stru-ent.  [De©b'stmens ; 

from  de , "from,”  and  ob'struo,  to  "ob- 
struct.”] Applied  to  medicines  for  re- 
moving obstructions. 

De*o><lo*ri*zatioii.  [Deodoriza'- 
tio,  o' nis;  from  de,  priv.,  and  o' dor,  a 
"smell.”]  The  correcting  of  any  foul 
or  unwholesome  effluvia,  through  the 
operation  of  chemical  substances. 

De-©x-i-da'tion.  [De©xyda'ti©, 
© 'iris;  from  de,  priv.,  and  ox'ygen.]  The 
driving  off  of  oxygen  from  any  substance. 

Dep.  = Depurci' tus .*  " Purified.” 

De-pau'per-at-ed.  [From  de,  in- 
tensive, and  pou' per,  "poor.”]  In  Bo- 
tany, imperfectly  developed;  shrivelled 
as  from  scanty  nutriment. 

De-phleg-ma'ti©n.  [Dephlegma'- 
tfo,  © 'nis  ; from  de,  priv.,  and  phleg'ma, 
"phlegm”  or  "humor.”]  The  separating 
of  the  water  from  chemical  liquors. 

Deph-lo-gis'tl-cat-ed.  [From  de, 
priv.,  and  phlogis'ton .]  Deprived  of 
phlogiston : in  other  words,  oxidized. 
See  Phlogiston. 

DepBil©gisticated  Air.  Oxygen  gas. 

Deplil©gis'ticaied  Ma-rine'  A^'id. 

The  name  given  by  Scheele  to  chlorine. 

De-pil'a-to-ry.  [Bepilato'rius; 

from  de,  priv.,  and  pi'lus,  the  "hair.”] 
Removing  hair  from  any  part. 

I>£pl£tif.  See  Depletory. 

De-ple'ti©n.  [Deple'ti©,  o' nis  ; 
from  dep'leo,  deple'tum,  to  "empty.”] 
The  act  of  emptying  or  lightening  the 
blood-vessels  by  means  of  venesection, 
cathartics,  etc. 

Dep'le-t©-ry.  [From  the  same.  Fr. 
Depict  if,  d&'pl&'t&f'.]  Causing  or  pro- 
moting depletion. 

Dep-lii-ma'tion.  [From  deplu'mis, 
"without  feathers,”  "callow;”  from  de, 
priv.,  and  phi' mo,  a "feather.”]  Lite- 
rally, "plucking  of  the  feathers.”  Ap- 
plied to  a disease  of  the  eyelids  in  which 
the  hair  falls  off. 

De-p©&'it.  [Bepos'itnni;  from 
"down,”  and  po,no%  pos'itum,  to  "put,” 
"place,”  or  "throw.”]  What  is  thrown 
down  from  a liquid  in  which  it  has  been 
suspended. 

Dep-ra-vti'ti©n.  [Deprava'ti©, 

o'nis;  from  depra'vo,  deprava'tum , to 
160 


"vitiate”  or  "deprave.”]  Deterioration 
or  change  for  the  worse. 

De-pressed'.  [Bepres'sws.  See 
Depression.]  A botanical  term  signi- 
fying "pressed  down.” 

De-pres'si©n.  [Depres'si©,  o' nis  ; 
from  dep'rimo,  depres'sum,  to  "press 
down.”]  Lowness  of  spirits.  The  state 
of  a part  which  is  pressed  down.  Also, 
a term  for  one  of  the  operations  for 
cataract. 

De-pres's©r ,©'r?$.*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  a muscle  which  draws  or 
presses  down. 

Be-pres'sor  An'gu-li  O'ris.*  ("  De- 
pressor of  the  Corner  of  the  Mouth  ”)  A 
muscle  whose  office  is  indicated  by  its 
name. 

Bep'ri-mens.*  [See  Depression.] 
Pressing  down. 

Bep'rimens  Oc'u-li.*  (The  "De- 
pressing [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”)  A name 
given  to  the  rectus  inferior,  from  the 
action  of  this  muscle  in  drawing  down 
the  eyeball. 

Be-pti'rans.*  [From  depu'ro,  depni- 
ra'tum,  to  "purify.”]  Purifying. 

Bepurantia,*  de-pu-ran'she-a  (the 
neuter  plural  of  Depurans,  which  see). 
Applied  to  medicines  supposed  to  have 
the  power  of  purifying  the  blood. 

Bep-ii-ra'tion.  [Bepura'ti©,o'»a'«; 
from  the  same.]  The  clarifying  of  a 
liquid:  defecation.  The  removal  of  im- 
purities from  the  fluids  of  the  body. 

Ber-ad-en-i'tis.**  [From  depn,  or  dtipn, 
the  "neck,”  and  dinv,  a "gland.”]  In- 
flammation of  a gland  of  the  neck. 

Ber'by-shire  Xcch.  Another  name 
for  Bronchocele. 

Derbyshire  Spar.  See  Fluor  Spar. 

De-riv'a-tive.  [Derivations  $ 

from  de,  "from,”  and  ri'vvs , a "stream  ;” 
deri'vo,  deriva'tum,  to  "draw  off  water,” 
as  from  a large  stream  or  river.]  Divert- 
ing from  one  part  to  another:  applied  to 
blisters,  rubefacients,  epispastics,  etc. 

Der'ma,  a<i«.*  [Gr.  ddppa.]  The  skin, 
or  Cu'tis  ve'ra. 

Der'inad.  Applied  the  same  as  Der- 
mal used  adverbially. 

Der  mal.  [From  der'ma.]  Applied 
by  Dr.  Barclay  as  meaning  " towards  the 
skin.” 

Der-ina-tjir&i-a.*  [From  deppa,  dtp- 
parog,  the  "skin,”  and  d\yog,  "pain.”] 
Neuralgia  of  the  skin  ; pain  of  the  skin 

Ber-ina-t©g'ra-pliy.  [ Dermat©- 
gra'pliia;  from  deppa,  the  "skin,”  and 
ypd<{>tj,  to  "write.”]  A description  of  the 
skin. 


DER 


BET 


I>er-ma-tol'o-«,y-  [Dermatolo  ■ 

gia:  from  kppa,  the  “skin,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“ discourse.”]  The  consideration  (or  sci- 
ence) of  the  skin,  its  nature  and  qualities. 

I>er-ma-tot'o-niy.  [Dermatoto'- 
liiia;  from  i>enpa,  the  “skin,”  and  rt/xrw, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  or  cutting  of  the 
skin. 

Derinograpfliy.  See  Dermatogra- 
phy. 

Der'moid,  or  Der'ma-toid.  [Der- 
inoi'cles,  or  Deranatoi'cles;  from  deppn, 
the  “skin,”  and  cido g,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling the  skin. 

Derniolosy.  See  Dermatology. 

Der-mo-skel'e-toia.  [Dermoscel'- 
eton ; from  ceppa,  the  “ skin,”  and  okcXc- 
tov,  a “skeleton.”]  The  outward  cover- 
ing of  many  invertebrate  animals,  such 
as  the  lobster,  the  beetle,  etc.;  also  in 
certain  vertebrated  animals,  as.  the  tor- 
toise, the  armadillo,  etc. 

Derosne's  Nalt.  See  Narcotine. 

De-s^en-so'rl-um.#  [From  descen’  - 
do , descen' sum , to  “move  downwards.”] 
The  apparatus  in  which  distillation  by 
descent  is  performed. 

I>e-s$eii'sii8,*‘  accusative  I>e-s£pn'- 
siun.  [From  the  same.]  Distillation 
per  descensum  is  performed  by  placing 
the  fire  upon  and  around  the  vessel  or 
apparatus  ( descensorium ),  the  orifice  of 
which  is  at  the  bottom. 

Inscriptive  Anatomy.  See  Anat- 
omy, Descriptive. 

Des-ic-ca'tion.  [Desicca'tio,  o'nis ; 
from  de,  intensive,  and  sic'co,  sicca'tum , 
to  “dry.”]  The  act  of  drying. 

m-sic'ca-tive.  [I>esiccati'vns ; 
from  the  same.]  Applied  to  substances 
that  dry  or  lessen  the  moisture  of  a 
wound  or  sore. 

£>es-mi'tis,  idis.%  [From  kopog,  a 
“ligament.”]  Inflammation  of  a liga- 
ment. 

I>es-mo-dy n 'I-a.:;-  [From  kaptg,  a 
“ligament,”  and  odvvri,  “pain.”]  Pain 
in  a ligament,  or  in  the  ligaments : des- 
mod'yny. 

Des-niog'ra-pliy.  [Desmogra'- 
pliia;  from  kjpng,  a “ligament,”  and 
ypd'!)G},  to  “write.”]  A history  or  der 
scription  of  the  ligaments. 

Des'moid.  [S>es»mei'des?  from  Seapn, 
a “bundle,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Ap- 
plied to  certain  fibrous  tumors  which  on 
section  present  numerous  white  fibres 
arranged  in  bundles.  Also,  resembling 
a ligament.  (From  darpog,  a “ligament.”) 

Des-mol'o-gy.  [Desmolo'gia;  from 
kopdg,  a “ligament,”  and  \6yog , a “dis- 


course.”] A treatise  on  the  ligaments; 
the  science  of  the  ligaments. 

Des-pti-ina'tion.  [ DeNpiuna'fiOf 

o'nis / from  despu'mo,  despnma'tum,  to 
“clarify.”]  The  process  of  clarifying 
any  fluid;  defecation;  depuration. 

Des-pu-ma'tus.*  Freed  from  im- 
purities. 

l)es-qua>nia'tion.  [De^nama'- 
tio,  o'nis/  from  desquamo , to  “scale 
fishes.”]  The  separation  of  lamina?  or 
scales  from  the  skin  or  bones ; exfoliation. 

Desquamative  Nephritis.  See 

Nephritis. 

Best.  = Destil' la*  “Distil.” 
Destillatio.  Bee  Distillation. 

Desudatio  (de-su-da'she-o),  o 'iris* 
[From  de,  intensive,  and  su'do,  suda'tum , 
to  “sweat.”]  Excessive  sweating;  also, 
an  eruption  in  children.  See  Sudajien. 

Desvauxiacete,-  dA-vo-ze-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  Australia  and  the  South 
Sea  islands. 

Dot.  = De'turJ*  “Let  it  be  given.” 

I>e-ter'gent.  [Deter'g-ens;  from  de, 
intensive,  and  ter'  yeo,  ter' sum,  to  “wipe,” 
to  “cleanse.”]  Applied  to  medicines 
which  cleanse  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Do-tor  iul-nato.  [Dotformima'- 

tus;  from  deter'mino,  deter  min  a’ turn,  to 
“terminate,”  to  “limit.”]  Applied  to 
branches  and  stems  that  commence  or 
end  abruptly. 

©e-ftor-mi-Bia'tion.  [Betermina'- 
tio,  o'nis ; from  the  same.]  A flowing 
or  rushing  to  a particular  part,  as  blood 
to  the  head. 

Det-o-na'tion.  [Detona'tio.  o'nis  ; 
from  det'ono,  detona'tum,  to  “thunder.”] 
Instantaneous  combustion  with  loud  ex- 
plosion. See  Fulmination. 

Det'ra-liens.*  [From  det'raho,  to 
“draw  away,”  to  “draw  from.”]  Draw- 
ing away. 

De-tri'tal.  [Detri'tns:  from  det'ero, 
detri’tum,  to  “wear  away.”]  Relating 
to  Detritus. 

De-tri'tus.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
waste  substance  formed  by  the  action  of 
frost  or  rains  on  the  sides  of  ruts,  the 
action  of  rivers  on  their  banks,  etc. 

De-tru'sor,  o'ris*’  TFrom  detru'do, 
detru’ sum,  to  “thrust  down”  or  “force 
out.”]  Applied  to  the  muscular  coat  of 
the  bladder,  by  the  contractile  power  of 
which  the  urine  is  expelled. 

Botru'sor  IJ-ri'nse.*  (“  Expeller 
of  the  Urine.”)  The  aggregate  of  the 
muscular  fibres  of  the  bladder  which 
expel  the  urine. 


161 


DEU 


DIA 


f>eii-ter-o-patli'ic.  [Deutero* 

ptt/h'ieus.]  Belonging  to  deuteropathy. 

l>eil-tei>op'a-tliy.  [Beuteropa'- 

JJlia;  from  Sevrepog,  “ second/’  and  naOog, 
“disease.”]  A sympathetic  affection,  or 
one  consequent  upon  another. 

Deu-tox'Ide.  [Beutox'ydum; 
from  Sevrepog,  “ second,”  and  ox'ydum,  an 
“ oxide/’]  A term  applied  to  a substance 
which  is  in  the  second  degree  of  oxida- 
tion. This  term  is  often  used  to  denote 
a compound  of  three  atoms  of  oxygen 
with  two  of  metal,  as  in  deutoxide  of 
manganese,  of  lead,  etc. 

De-val'gate.  [Devalga'tus;  from 
de,  intensive,  and  val'gus,  “ bow-legged/’] 
Having  bowed  legs;  bandy-legged. 

De-vel'op-ment.  (Fr.  Developper, 
to  “unfold.”)  The  organic  change  from 
the  embryo  state  to  maturity ; growth. 

Be-vel-op-men'talh  [Metaanor'pUai- 
cns.]  Belonging  to,  or  connected  with, 
development.  Applied  to  certain  diseases. 

Devonshire  Colic.  See  Colica  Pic- 
ton  um. 

Hew.  [Lat.  It  os.  It  o' r is : Fr.  Rosee , 
ro'z&'.]  Moisture  precipitated  at  night 
from  the  atmosphere  upon  the  surface 
of  bodies  whose  temperature  has  been 
diminished  by  the  absence  of  the  sun. 
Clouds  prevent  the  fall  of  dew,  because 
the  radiation  of  heat,  by  which  bodies 
become  colder  than  the  surrounding  air, 
does  not  take  place  to  any  great  extent 
unless  the  sky  is  clear.  Though  dew 
may  fall  on  a windy  night,  it  is  soon 
absorbed  by  the  fresh  dry  air  continually 
coming  in  contact  with  the  moist  surface 
of  bodies. 

Bew'ber-ry.  The  common  name 
of  the  Rub  us  trivialis. 

Dew 'berry  Plant.  The  common 
name  of  the  Rubus  csesius , or  heath- 
bramble. 

Dewlap.  See  Palear  Laxum. 

I>ew 'point.  The  temperature  of 
the  atmosphere  at  which  the  moisture 
begins  to  condense  and  deposit  itself  as 
dew. 

Dex'trin.  [Dextri'na.]  Mucilagi- 
nous starch,  prepared  by  boiling  a solu- 
tion of  starch  with  a few  drops  of  sul- 
phuric acid.  Its  name  is  derived  from 
its  property  of  turning  the  plane  of  the 
polarization  of  light  to  the  right  hand. 

I>i.  The  same  as  Dis,  which  see. 

Di'a,  (Sid).  A Greek  particle  signify- 
ing “through,”  “by  means  of,”  and 
sometimes  “apart,”  “between.”  Words 
compounded  with  Sid  often  imply  sepa- 
ration. 

1G2 


Dl-a-be'tes.*  [From  Sid,  “through,” 
and  Saivoy,  to  “go.”]  An  immoderate 
and  morbid  flow  of  urine.  It  is  termed 
insip'idus  (“tasteless”)  where  the  urine 
retains  its  usual  taste,  and  melli'tus 
(“honeyed”)  where  the  saccharine  state 
is  the  characteristic  symptom.  A genus 
of  the  order  Spasmi,  class  Neuroses , of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Di-a-bet'ic.  [Diabet'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  Diabetes. 

Diabetic  Sugar.  See  Glucose. 

Dl-a-caus'tic.  [Diac«au$'ticns; 

from  Siana'iix),  to  “burn.”]  Applied  to  a 
double  convex  lens  used  to  cauterize 
parts  of  the  body. 

Dl-a$'e-tate  of  Cop'per.  JErvgo, 
or  verdigris. 

Di-3,-chy'Ion.*  [From<5m,  “by means 
of,”  and  xv^og,  “juice.”]  A name  for- 
merly given  to  plasters  prepared  from 
expressed/a/ces,  now  applied  to  the  Em - 
pla8trum  plumbi  (Lond.  Ph.),  or  Emplas- 
trnm  lithargyri  (Ed.  and  Dub.  Ph.). 

Bi-a-  co'di-iim.*  [Frcm  KuS'ia,  a 
“poppy-head.”]  The  old  name  of  the 
Syrvpus  Papaveris , or  syrup  of  poppies. 

Di-ac'rS-sis.*  [From  StaKpivu),  to 
“distinguish.”]  The  distinguishing  of 
diseases  by  a consideration  of  their 
symptoms.  See  Diagnosis. 

Bi-a-del'phi-a.*  [From  dig,  “twice,” 
and  aSfafog,  a “brother.”]  The  seven- 
teenth class  of  plants  in  Linnaeus’s  sys- 
tem, in  which  the  filaments  of  the 
stamens  are  united  into  two  parcels  or 
brotherhoods. 

Diaeresis,*  dl-er'e-sis.  [Gr.  Staipecig; 
from  Siaipio),  to  “ take  apart,”  to  “ divide.”] 
A division  of  parts  resulting  from  a 
wound,  ulcer,  or  burn,  or  the  like:  a 
solution  of  continuity. 

Diseretic,  di-e-ret'ik.  [Dneret'i- 
cus;  from  the  same.]  Having  power  to 
divide,  dissolve,  or  corrode;  escharoticj 
corrosive. 

Diaeta.  See  Diet. 

Di-ag-no'sis.*  [From  Siayivuotao,  to 
“discern.”]  The  science  of  signs  or 
symptoms,  by  which  one  disease  is  dis- 
tinguished from  another. 

Diagno'sis,  Dif-fer-en'tial.  The 
determining  of  the  distinguishing  fea- 
tures of  a malady  when  nearly  the  sanio 
symptoms  belong  to  two  different  classes 
of  disease,  as  rheumatism  and  gout,  etc. 

Di-ag'o-nal.  [ Diagona  l!* : from 
Sidj  “through,”  and  y wvia,  an  “angle.”] 
Applied  to  a right  line  drawn  between 
any  two  opposite  angles  of  a four-sided 
figure. 


DIA 


DIA 


IMagrydimn.  Sec  Scammony. 

Di-a^gr^d'i-wn,*  or  Diagryd'ium 
Cy-do-ni-a'tnm.^  One  part  of  quince 
juice  and  two  parts  of  scammony;  for- 
merly used  as  a purgative. 

J3)i-al'y-»es,':s*  the  plural  of  Dialysis. 
Solutions  of  continuity.  An  order  of 
the  class  Locales  of  Cullen's  Nosology. 

I>i-al'y-sis.*  [From  dtaXvo),  to  “ dis- 
solve.”] Weakness  of  the  limbs,  as  if 
from  a dissolving  of  their  firmer  parts. 
Applied  to  analysis  by  liquid  diffusion , 
advantage  being  taken  of  the  different 
degrees  of  dilfusibility  of  different  sub- 
stances in  solution  to  produce  separation. 

IDi-a-mag ' n et-  ism.  [D  iama^'n  e- 
tis'amis.]  A term  employed  by  Fara- 
day for  a force  or  influence  discovered 
by  him  in  magnetic  bodies. 

3>i  •arn'e-tes’.  [UMaBni'eter,  or  1M- 
am'etniH;  from  did , “through/’  and 
t drpo'j , a “measure.”]  A right  line  drawn 
through  the  centre  of  a circle  and  termi- 
nated on  both  sides  by  the  circumference. 
The  central  and  shortest  dimension  of  a 
sphere  or  cylinder. 

Di'a<mand.  (Fr.  Diamant,  a cor- 
ruption of  Adamant,  which  see.)  A 
precious  stone;  the  crystallized  and 
pure  state  of  carbon;  the  hardest  and 
most  brilliant  of  all  substances. 

IM-aai'«lrI-a.*  [From  dig,  “ twice”  or 
“two,”  and  drnjp,  avdpog,  a “man”  or 
“ male.”]  The  name  of  a Linnman  class 
having  flowers  with  two  stamens. 

Di-an'tSuis.*  [From  dig,  “twice,” 
and  ouQog,  a “flower.”]  A Linncean 
genus  of  the  class  Decandria , natural 
order  Cnryophyllaccse. 

IHan'thus  €ar-y-©-jp2iyl'laiis.*  The 
clove-pink,  or  clove-gilliflower.  The 
flowers  of  this  plant  are  used  for  flavor- 
ing syrup  employed  as  a vehicle  for 
other  medicines. 

IMapeirdaceav*  di-a-pen-she-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Diapen'sia,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A small  natural  order  of  ex- 
ogenous under-shrubs,  found  in  Europe 
and  North  America. 

IM-apIi'a-nous.  [Gr.  dtabajhg)  from 
did,  “through,”  and  r/>aiVa>,  to  “shine.”] 
Transparent;  shining  through. 

3>I-a-j>!io-re'sis.*  [From  diafropcw,  to 
“carry  through,”  to  “carry  off.”]  Lite- 
rally, a “carrying  off  through  [the 
pores]”  or  by  perspiration.  A state  of 
perspiration. 

I>I-a-pli©-ret'ic.  [IMaplioret'i- 
eus.]  Applied  to  medicines  having 
power  to  produce  diaphoresis.  When 
they  are  so  powerful  as  to  occasion 


sweating,  they  have  been  called  Suao - 

rifics. 

BMapEiras’inri,  di'a-fram.  [I>iar 
pBirag*'ma,  a tis ; from  diaippdcao).  to 
“divide  in  the  middle  by  a partition.”] 
A large  muscle  separating  the  thorax 
and  abdomen  : the  midriff. 

HM-a-plhiri^-mal'g’y.  [IMapflirag- 
ma&'gia;  from  diaphrag* win,  the  “dia- 
phragm,” and  d\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  diaphragm. 

UDi-a-pBa  rag-nmat'ic.  [ I^iapHa  rag- 
mat'icus.]  Belonging  to  the  dia- 
phragm. 

Dia2>5iragm.at'ic  Gont.  A term 

applied  to  Angina  Pectoris. 

IDa-a-pifora{£-ma-ti'4is,  idis.%  [From 
diaphrag'ma .]  Inflammation  of  the 
diaphragm.  A term  sometimes  applied 
to  that  variety  of  partial  pleurisy  in 
which  the  effused  fluid  exists  between 
the  base  of  the  lung  and  the  diaphragm. 

Ifti-a-plara^-mat'o-^ele.*  [From 
diaphrag'  nia,  and  a “tumor.”] 

Hernia,  or  tumor,  from  some  portion  of 
the  viscera  escaping  through  the  dia- 
phragm. 

©i-apla'y-sis,*  plural  I>i-apli'y-ses. 

[From&a/aJaj,  to  “be produced  between.”] 
The  cylindrical  or  prismatic  shaft  of  the 
long  bones  between  the  epiphyses.  Also, 
a fissure. 

©a-a-poplhi'y-sas.-  [From  did , “be- 
tween,” and  dnojivin,  to  “arise  from.”] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  the  homologue  of 
the  upper  transverse  process  of  a ver- 
tebra. 

SM-a'ri-us„*  [From  di'es , a “day.”] 
Lasting  one  day  ; ephemeral. 

HDj-ar-rihce'a.'**  [From  did , “ through,” 
and  pzo,  to  “flow.”]  A purging/loose- 
ness,  or  too  frequent  passing  of  the 
fasces.  A genus  of  the  order  Spasmi , 
class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

©ian’rluoe'a  Car-aio'sa.*  Dysentery 
in  which  flesh-like  portions  are  voided. 

BMarrSnoe'a  Ctiy-lo'sa.*  The  Ileac 
passion. 

Di-ar-thro'di-al.  [IMartlkroclia'- 
lis.]  Belonging  to  Diarthrosis. 

IM-ar-t3ar©'sis,*  plural  S>i-ar-tIiro'- 

[From  did,  “through,”  as  implying 
no  impediment,  and  dpQpov,  a “joint.”] 
An  articulation,  permitting  the  bones  to 
move  freely  on  each  other  in  every  direc- 
tion, like  the  shoulder  and  hip  joints. 

IMary  Fever.  [Fe'foris  IMa'ria.] 
See  Ephemera. 

IM-as-c©r'di-um.*  [From  did , “by 
means  of,”  and  axopdiov,  the  “water  ger- 
mander.”] An  electuary  so  named  be- 
1 63 


DIA 


DIE 


cause  this  plant  forms  one  of  the  ingre- 
dients. 

IM-a-stal'tic.  [IMastal'ticus ; from 

did,  and  crsAAw,  to  “ contract”  or  “ dis- 
pose.^] Applied  by  M.  Hall  to  the  reflex 
action  of  the  excito-motory  system  of 
nerves,  because  performed  through  the 
spinal  marrow. 

UMastal'tic  Arc.  Applied  by  M. 
Hall  to  the  course  of  the  Vis  nervosa , in 
complete  or  uninterrupted  reflex  or  dia- 
staltic  action.  Also  called  Reflex  arc. 

IMastal'tic  Ner'vous  Sys'tem. 
A term  substituted  by  M.  Hall  for  his 
former  one  of  the  S])inal  System. 

B>i'a»s4ase.  [From  duarrjpi,  to  “set 
apart,”  to  “ cause  division  or  separation.”] 
Literally,  that  which  produces  separation 
or  decomposition.  A substance  produced 
during  the  germinating  of  seeds  and 
buds,  having  the  property  of  converting 
starch  into  sugar. 

B>i-as'ta-sis.*  [From  the  same.]  A 
forcible  separation  of  bones  without  frac- 
ture. 

IM-a-ste'ma,  a tis.%  [From  the  same.] 
A space  or  cleft.  Applied  in  many  terms 
like  the  following. 

Bi-as-tem-a-te-lyt'rS-a.*  [From 

diaste'ma , and  zXvrpov,  the  “vagina.”] 
A malformation  consisting  in  a longi- 
tudinal fissure  of  the  vagina. 

Di-as'to-le.*  [From  diaarrek Aco,  to 
“dilate.”]  The  dilatation  of  the  heart, 
by  which,  with  its  alternate  contraction 
(Systole),  the  circulation  of  the  blood  is 
carried  on. 

Bi-a-tfoer'ma-iious.  [From  <5 taOsp- 
paivu),  to  “warm  through.”]  A term 
denoting  free  permeability  to  heat. 

Bi-a^tlbier-imam'sis.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  transit  of  the  rays  of  heat. 

IM-atEi' e-sis.*  [From  diaridripi,  to 
“arrange,”  to  “dispose.”]  A particular 
habit  or  disposition  of  the  body;  thus, 
we  say,  “ an  inflammatory  diathesis,”  i.e. 
a habit  or  disposition  of  body  peculiarly 
susceptible  to  inflammatory  diseases. 

l)i-a-tliet'ic.  Belonging  to  diathesis. 

IMatomaeese,*  di-a-to-ma'she-e. 
[From  Diat’oma , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  cryptogamous  plants, 
found  in  still  waters  and  oozy  places. 
The  green  mucous  slime  seen  on  stones 
and  walls  which  arc  always  damp  con- 
sists of  these  plants. 

IDi-at'o-mous.  [©iat'omus ; from 
did,  “through,”  and  t'z\> woj,  to  “cut.”] 
Clcavablc  throughout.  Applied  to 
cleavage. 

l>i-etilani-y  d ' c-us.* 

1G4 


“twice”  or  “two,”  and  xAa/dk,  a “short 
cloak.”]  Applied  to  plants  in  the  flowers 
of  which  there  are  two  whorls. 

Bi-eIiot'o>mous.  [IHcBiot'omns ; 
from  di\a,  “ double,”  and  rzpv to,  to  “cut.”] 
Twice  divided.  A term  applied  to  stems 
or  branches  which  bifurcate,  or  are  con- 
tinually divided  into  pairs. 

Bi'-cSirodsm.  [Diclirois'mus ; 
from  dig,  “twice”  or  “two,”  and  *poa, 
“color.”]  The  property  by  which  some 
minerals,  when  examined  by  transmitted 
light,  exhibit  different  colors,  according 
to  the  direction  in  which  the  rays  of 
light  pass  through  them. 

Bi-coc'cous.  [Bicoc'cus  ; from  dig, 
“twice”  or  “ two,”  and  k6kko$,  a “berry.”] 
Having  two  capsules  united,  one  cell  in' 
each. 

IM-cot-y-le'don,*  plural  Bi-cot-y- 
le'cflo-iiies.  [From  dig,  “twice”  or  “two,” 
and  KOTv\r]dx)v,  a “cotyledon.”]  One  of  a 
class  of  plants  having  two  cotyledons, 
or  seed-lobes.  Applied  to  a Jussieuan 
division  of  plants. 

Bi-cot-yi-ed'o-nous.  [Bicotyle'- 
donus,  Mcotyledo'neus:  from  the 
same.]  Belonging  to  the  division  of 
plants  termed  Dicotyledones. 

Bi-crte'us.*  [From  dig,  “twice,”  or 
“two,”  and  spaas,  a “head.”]  Having 
two  heads;  also,  bifid;  cloven. 

Bi-crot'ic.  [Bicrot'icus;  from  dig, 
“twice,”  and  sporeoj,  to  “strike.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  pulse  when  there  is  a re- 
bounding like  a double  pulsation. 

£>ic'ro-tous.  [Dic'rotus.]  The 
same  as  Dicrotic,  which  see. 

Bic-tam'niis.*  [From  Dic'te,  a 
mountain  of  Crete.]  A genus  of  the  class 
Decandria , natural  order  Rutacese. 

IMd'y-ini,*  the  plural  of  Didymus. 
Applied  to  the  testicles. 

IH-dyin'I-tmi.*  [From  didvpo 
“twin.”]  The  name  of  a metal  recently 
discovered  united  with  oxide  of  cerium, 
and  so  called  from  its  being  as  it  were 
the  twin  brother  of  lantanium,  which  was 
previously  found  in  the  same  substance. 

Bid'y*mus.::  [From  bidvpog,  “dou- 

ble,” “twin.”]  By  two  and  two:  did'- 
ymous.  As  a noun  it  denotes  the  testis. 

I>id-y-na'nii-a.*  [From  dig,  “twice,” 
or  “twofold,”  probably  meaning  “of 
two  kinds,”  and  dvvapig,  “power.”]  The 
fourteenth  class  of  Linnaeus’s  system  of 
plants,  characterized  by  the  presence  of 
four  stamens,  of  which  two  are  long  and 
two  short. 

l>ieb.  fk\t»  = Die,bu8  alter' nis.*  “On 
alternate  days.” 


[From  dig, 


DIE 


DIG 


Dieb.  tert.  = Die' bus  ter'tiis .*  “ Eve- 
ry third  day.” 

Di'es.*  A Latin  word  signifying 
“ day.”  It  is  often  used  in  giving  di- 
rections for  taking  medicines.  The  cases 
m )st  used  are  the  accusative  singular, 
Di'em,  ablative  singular,  Di'e , nomina- 
tive plural,  Di'es , ablative  plural,  Die'- 
bus.  See  Appendix. 

Di'et.  [Dise'ta;  from  diaira,  “regi- 
men.”] The  food  proper  for  invalids.  La 
Diete , 14  d£'et',  as  used  by  French  phy- 
sicians, signifies  extreme  abstinence. 

Di'et  Drink..  The  Decoct.  Sarsa- 
parillse  Comp,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

Di-e-tet'ic.  [Dijetet'icus:  from 
6iatrd(x)f  to  “feed.”]  Belonging  to  the 
taking  of  proper  food,  or  to  diet. 

Di-e-tet'ics.  [Disetet'ica;  from  the 
same.]  The  consideration  (or  science)  of 
regulating  the  food  or  diet. 

Differential  Diagnosis.  See  Diag- 
nosis, Differential. 

Differential  Thermometer.  See 
Thermometer,  Differential. 

Difficulty  of  Breathings  See 
Dyspncea. 

Dif-for'mis.*  [From  di  for  dis, 
implying  “difference,”  and  for'ma, 
“shape.”]  Of  different  shapes;  irregu- 
larly formed. 

Dif-frac'tion.  [Diffrac'tio,  o 'nis  ; 
from  dis,  “apart”  or  “aside,”  and  fran'- 
go,  frac'tum,  to  “break.”]  The  breaking 
of  rays  of  light  from  their  right  course. 
See  Refraction. 

Dif-fw'si-ble.  [DifTusib'ilis ; from 
diffnn'do,  diffn'sum , to  “ pour  about,”  to 
“spread.”]  That  which  may  be  spread 
in  all  directions. 

Dif-fu'sion  Tube.  An  instrument 
for  determining  the  rite  of  diffusion  for 
different  gases.  It  is  simply  a graduated 
tube  closed  at  one  end  by  plaster  of 
Paris,  a substance,  when  moderately 
dry,  possessed  of  the  requisite  porosity. 

Diffu/sion  Vol  ume.  A term  used 
to  express  the  different  dispositions  or 
tendencies  of  gases  to  interchange  par- 
ticles ; the  diffusion  volume  of  air  being 
1,  that  of  hydrogen  is  3.33. 

Dif-fu'sus.:;:  [From  diffun'do,  dif- 

fu'snm , to  “spread.”]  Widely  spread: 
diffused. 

Dig.  ==  Digera'tur*  “Let  it  be  di- 
gested.” 

Di -gas  ' t rie.  [Digas'triees ; from 
Sig,  and  yaarfip,  a “belly.”]  Having  two 
bellies : the  name  of  a muscle  attached 
to  the  os  hyoides  ; it  is  sometimes  called 
biven'ter  maxil'lse  inferio'ris.  The  term 
\b 


is  also  applied  to  one  of  the  interior 
profundi  of  Meckel,  given  off  by  the 
facial  nerve ; the  other  is  called  the 
stylo -hyoideus. 

Digas'tric  Groove.  [See  Digas- 
tric.] A longitudinal  depression  of  the 
mastoid  process,  so  called  from  its  giving 
attachment  to  the  muscle  of  that  name. 

Dig'er-ens.*  [From  dig'ero,  diges'- 
tum , to  “ digest.”]  Digesting  ; digestive. 
Applied  in  the  neuter  plural  ( Digerentia , 
dij-e-ren'she-a)  to  medicines  which  pro- 
mote the  secretion  of  healthy  pus. 

Di-ges'ter.  [From  the  same.]  A 
strong  iron  or  copper  kettle,  with  a 
safety-valve,  for  subjecting  bodies  to 
vapor  at  a high  temperature  and  under 
great  pressure. 

Di-ges'tion.  [Diges'tio,  o' nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  slow  action  of 
matters  on  each  other,  by  subjection  to 
heat.  The  conversion  of  food  into  chyle 
in  the  stomach. 

Di-ges'tive.  [Digesti'vus ; from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  digestion.  Also 
applied  to  substances  which  promote 
suppuration  ; as  cerates,  poultices,  etc. 

Diges  tive  Salt  of  Syl'vi-us.  A 
salt  discovered  by  Sylvius,  since  named 
muriate  of  potash,  and  now  chloride  of 
potassium. 

Digit.  [From  dig'itus,  a “finger.”] 
The  twelfth  part  of  the  sun’s  or  moon’s 
diameter,  employed  to  denote  the  extent 
of  an  eclipse. 

Digital.  See  Digitalis. 

Dig'it-a-lin,or  Dig'It-a-line.  [Dig- 
itali'iia;  from  Digita'lis , the  “fox- 
glove.”] A substance  erroneously  sup- 
posed to  be  the  active  principle  of  the 
Digitalis  purpurea. 

Big-I-ta'lis.*  [From  dig'itus,  a “fin- 
ger.”] Belonging  to  a finger : dig'ital. 

Bigita'lis.*  [From  digita'le,  the 
“ finger  of  a glove.”]  Foxglove.  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Didynamia , 
natural  order  Scrofulanacese.  Also,  the 
Pharmacopoeia!  name  ||  of  the  recent  and 
dried  leaves  and  stem  of  the  Digitalis 
purpurea.  According  to  the  U.S.  Phar- 
macopoeia, “The  leaves  of  the  D.p>urpu- 
rea  from  plants  of  the  second  year’s 
growth.” 

Digitalis  is  narcotic,  sedative,  and 
diuretic.  It  has  a remarkable  sedative 
effect  on  the  heart,  reducing  the  force, 
and  especially  the  frequency,  of  the 
pulse:  hence  it  is  frequently  given  to 
moderate  the  action  of  the  heart  and 
arteries  in  phthisis,  and  especially  in 
cases  of  haemorrhage.  As  a diuretic,  it 
165 


DIG 


DIO 


is  sometimes  found  very  useful  in  dropsy. 
In  large  doses,  it  is  poisonous,  producing 
vertigo,  nausea,  and  vomiting,  syncope, 
convulsions,  and  death.  For  dose,  see 
Appendix. 

Digita'lisPur-pu're-a.*  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  plant  called  foxglove. 

Dig-i-tate.  [Digita'tus;  from 
dig'itus,  a “finger.”]  Having  fingers. 
Applied  to  the  leaves  of  plants  so  di- 
vided as  to  have  the  appearance  of 
fingers. 

Big-i- ta ' t ©-Pin  -na ' tus.*  Ap  pi  i ed 

to  a digitated  leaf  having  pinnated  leaf- 
lets. 

Dig'I-ti,*  gen.  Dig-I-to'rum.  The 

plural  of  Digitus,  which  see. 

Digit!  Pe'dis,*  gen  Digito'rum 
Pe  dis.  The  plural  of  Digitus  Pedis, 
which  see. 

Dig'lt-i-form.  [Digitifor'mis; 

from  dig'itus , a “finger,  and  for'ma , 
“likeness.”]  Formed  like  a finger. 

Dig'it-i-gracle.  [Bigitig'radus ; 
from  dig'itus,  a “toe,”  and  gra'dus,  a 
“ step.”]  Applied  to  carnivorous  Mam- 
mals, which  when  standing  or  walking 
have  the  heel  elevated. 

Dig'I-tus,*  plural  Dig'I-ti.  (Fr. 
Doigt,  dwa.)  A finger  (or  a toe).  The 
fingers  of  the  hand  are  the  in'dex,  or 
fore-finger;  the  me' dins,  or  middle 
finger;  the  annula'ris , or  ring-finger; 
and  the  auricula' ris,  or  little  finger. 
The  bones  of  the  fingers  are  called  pha- 
langes. See  Phalanx,  and  Finger. 

Dig'itus  Ma'nus.$  (“  Finger  of  the 
Hand.”)  A finger. 

Dig'itus  Pe'dis.*  (Literally,  “Fin- 
ger of  the  Foot.”)  A toe. 

Di-glos'sum.*  [From  dig,  “double,” 
and  yXcjoaa,  a “ tongue ;”  because  a small 
leaf  grows  above  the  ordinary  one,  look- 
ing like  two  tongues.]  A Botanical 
name  of  the  Primus  lauro-cerasus. 

Di-gyn'I-a.*  [See  next  article.]  A 
Linnsean  order  of  plants  having  two 
styles. 

Di-gyn 'I-©us,  or  Dig'y-nous.  [Di- 
gyu'ius;  from  dig,  “two,”  and  ywf\,  a 
“woman”  or  “female.”]  Having  two 
styles.  Applied  to  a Linnaoan  order. 
Sec  Digynia. 

Dal.  = Dil'ue ,*  “ dilute,”  or  Dilu'tus ,* 
“diluted.” 

Bil-a-ta'tlon.  [Dilata'tio,  o'nis; 
from  dila'to,  dilata'tum , to  “enlarge.”] 
An  enlargement  or  expansion,  as  of  the 
heart,  etc. 

Di-la-ta'tor,  o'ri*.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  same  as  Dilator,  which  see. 

166 


Di-lat'ed.  [Dilata'tus:  from  the 
same.]  Enlarged. 

Di-la' tor ;*'[ From  di,  “ apart,”  and  fe'- 
ro,  la’ turn,  to  “ carry.”]  Literally,  “ that 
which  carries  or  draws  apart.”  A term 
applied  to  muscles  whose  office  is  to 
dilate  certain  parts,  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  or  expand 
the  chest ; also,  to  instruments  used  for 
dilating  wounds,  canals,  etc. 

Dill.  The  English  name  of  the  Ane'- 
thum  grav' eolcns. 

Dilleniaceae,*  dil-le-ne-a/she-e. 
[From  DiUe'uia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order"  of  exogenous  plants, 
mostly  trees,  found  in  hot  climates. 
Some  species  of  this  order  are  remarkable 
for  the  beauty  of  their  flowers.  Their 
properties  are  generally  astringent. 

Diluc.=  Diln' culoA*  “At  daybreak.” 

Dil'u-ent.  [Bil'ueus,  en'tis ; from 
dil'vo,  diln'tvm , to  “dilute.”]  (Fr.  De- 
layant,  djPl&'yoN0'.)  Applied  to  sub- 
stances that  increase  the  fluidity  of  the 
blood. 

Bi-liit'cd.  [Dilu'tus:  from  the 
same.]  Mixed. 

Di-lu'vl-al.  [Dilu via'lis : from  di- 
lu'vium,  a “flood.”]  Belonging  to  a 
flood,  or  to  the  Deluge. 

Dim.  = Dimid'ius.%  “ One-half.” 

Dim'e-rous.  [From  tig,  “two,”  and 
fxcpo;,  a “part.”]  Having  two  parts  in 
each  whorl.  See  Trimerous. 

Di-mi (l'i-ate.  [Dimadia'tus;  from 
dimid’ius , the  “ half.”]  Divided  into  two. 

Dimness  of  Sight.  See  Calig.o. 

Di-mor  ph  ism.  [ Di  morph  is 

mus;  from  dig,  “twice,”  or  “two,”  and 
l*oppfi,  a “form.”]  The  property  of  many 
solid  bodies  to  assume  two  distinct  crys- 
talline forms;  as  sulphur,  carbon,  etc. 

Di-mor'phous.  [From  ihe  same.] 
Having  two  forms.  See  Dimorphism. 

Dim-y-a'ri-a.*  [From  dig,  “twice” 
or  “ two,”  and  pvg,  fxvog,  a “ muscle.”] 
An  order  of  bivalve  Mollusks  having 
shells  marked  by  two  impressions  or 
indentations  for  the  attachment  of  mus- 
cles. 

Diu'i-cal.  [Bin'ioiis ; from  divog, 
“giddiness.”]  Belonging  to  giddiness. 
Applied  to  medicines  that  remove  giddi- 
ness. 

Di'nus.*  [Gr.  divog;  from  divti ito,  to 
“whirl  round.”]  Vertigo ; dizziness; 
giddiness. 

Di-o-ilon-^oph'a-louM.  [Dioclon- 

coph'alus;  from  dig,  “twice,”  “double,” 
dduvg,  a “tooth,”  and  Ke<pa\n,  a “ head.”] 
A monster  with  double  rows  of  teeth. 


DIO 


DIP 


Dioecia,*  di-e'she-a.  The  name  of  a 
Linniean  class  ot  plants  having  dioecious 
flowers.  See  Dioecious. 

Dioecious,  di-e'shus.  [Dine'cius; 
from  *ig,  “twice’'  or  “two,”  and  diKia,  a 
“ house”  or  “ habitation.”]  Literally, 
“ having  two  houses,”  because  the  male 
and  female,  instead  of  forming  one 
family,  occupy  separate  habitations.  A 
term  applied  by  Linnaeus  to  plants 
having  male  flowers  on  one  and  female 
flowers  on  another  plant  of  the  same 
species. 

DI-»£'en-es’  Cup.  A name  applied 
to  the  cup-like  cavity  of  the  hand  formed 
or  occasioned  by  bending  the  metacar- 
pal bone  of  the  little  finger,*  so  called 
because  Diogenes  is  said  to  have  thrown 
away  his  drinking-cup  and  used  only  his 
hand,  for  the  sake  of  greater  simplicity. 

Di-op'tra.*  [From  foonropai,  to  “see 
through.”]  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  height  and  distance  of  objects. 

Di-op' trie,  Di-op  tric-al.  [Diop'- 
tricus;  from  the  same.]  Belonging  to 
Dioptrics. 

Di-op'trics.  [Diop'trica;  from 
the  same.]  The  branch  of  Optics  which 
treats  of  refracted  light,  as  contradis- 
tinguished from  Catoptrics,  which  treats 
of  reflected  light. 

Di-or-tiio'sis.*  [From  dtopOoco,  to 
“regulate.”]  The  restoration  of  parts 
to  their  proper  situation ; one  of  the 
an  dent  divisions  of  surgery. 

Dioscorea.  See  Yam. 

Dioscoreaceae,*  de-os-ko-re-a'she-e, 
or  Di-os-co're-ae.*  A natural  order 
of  endogenous  plants,  found  in  the 
tropics.  It  includes  the  Dioscorea 
(Yam),  the  farinaceous  tuber  of  which 
forms  an  important  article  of  food. 

Di-os' ma.*  [From  A tog,  “of  Jove,” 
and  drp  b an  “ odor,”  the  compound  signi- 
fying “divine  odor  or  fragrance.”]  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , 
natural  order  Rntacese.  The  former 
Ph  irmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph.,  1836) 
of  Btichu  leaves ; but  (Lond.  Ph.,  1851) 
said  to  be  from  the  Barosma  crenata , B. 
crenulata , and  B.  serratifolia. 

RioVma  Cre-na'ta.*  The  plant 
the  leaves  of  which  were  called  buchu. 

Di-os'snp-se.*  The  former  name  of 
a tribe  of  dicotyledonous  plants.  See 
Butacea:. 

Di-os 'py-ros.*  [From  A iog,  “of 
Jove,”  and  py'rus,  a “pear-tree.”]  The 
persimmon ; the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  unripe  fruit  of  the 
Dios' pyr  os  Virginia' na. 


Da-ox’ide.  [From  tig,  “twice”  ot 
“two,”  and  ox'idc.]  According  to  the 
electro-chemical  theory,  the  elements  of 
a compound  may  in  relation  to  each 
other  be  considered  oppositely  electric ; 
the  equivalents  of  the  negative  element 
may  then  be  distinguished  by  Latin 
numerals,  those  of  the  positive  by  Greek  : 
thus,  a bin- oxide  denotes  a compound 
which  contains  two  equivalents  of  the 
negative  element  oxygen,  whereas  a di- 
oxide indicates  that  one  equivalent  of 
oxygen  is  combined  with  two  of  some 
positive  body.  And  so  of  the  6t-chlo- 
ride,  di-chloride,  etc. 

Di-pet'a-lous.  [Dipet'alus ; from 
dig,  “twice”  or  “two,”  and  ncraXov,  a 
“ petal.”]  Having  two  petals. 

Dipli-tlie'rl-a.*  [From  Si^Oepa, 
“skin,”  “leather,”  or  “membrane.”] 
Inflammatory  disease  of  the  throat  and 
glands,  in  which  false  membranes  are 
formed. 

Dipli-the-ri'tis,  i dis*  [From  the 
same.]  A variety  of  Pharyngitis,  in 
which  a false  membrane  is  formed,  and 
for  which  the  word  Diphtheria  has  of 
late  been  very  generally  substituted. 

Di-pJiyl'loiis.  [Diphyl'lus;  from 
Pig,  “twice”  or  “two,”  and  ipvWov,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  two  leaves. 

Dip'lo-Car'clI-ac.  [From  6vn\oog, 
“double,”  and  Kapdia,  a “heart.”]  Hav- 
ing a double  heart,  pulmonic  and  sys- 
temic, like  mammals  and  birds. 

Dip'lo-e.*  [From  dinXow,  to  “dou- 
ble.”] The  cellular  osseous  tissue  be- 
tween the  two  tables  of  the  skull. 

Dip'lo-GaBig-li-a'ta.*  [From  dnr- 
\oog,  “double,”  and  yayy\io'>,  a “ nerve- 
knot.”]  A term  applied  by  Dr.  Grant 
to  the  third  sub-kingdom  of  animals,  or 
Entomnida,  consisting  chiefly  of  articu- 
lated animals  with  articulated  members, 
the  Insects  of  Linnaeus,  having  their  ner- 
vous columns  arranged  in  the  same 
relative  position  as  the  diplo-neura,  with 
the  ganglia  increased  in  size,  correspond- 
ing to  their  higher  development.  See 
Insects. 

Di-plo'ma,  at  is*  [From  Snr\6oj,  to 
“fold,”  to  “double.”]  Literally,  a “fold- 
ing” or  “doubling,”  “something  dou- 
bled.” A double  vessel ; a water-bath. 
The  charter  (original^  a folded  letter) 
by  which  the  physician  or  surgeon  is 
declared  qualified  to  practise  his  profes- 
sion. Also,  a certificate  of  graduation 
given  to  every  one  who  has  successfully 
passed  through  a university  or  collegiate 
course. 

167 


DIP 


DIS 


©ip-lo-Bny-e'li-a.*  [From  6m\6og, 
* double,”  and  /xufA-k,  4 marrow.”]  Con- 
genital division  of  the  spinal  marrow 
lengthwise. 

©ip'lo-Xefi'ra.*  A term  applied  by 
Dr.  Grant  to  the  second  sub-kingdom 
of  animals,  or  Helminthoicla , comprising 
the  various  forms  of  worms  in  which 
the  nervous  columns  have  their  gang- 
lionic enlargements  very  slightly  de- 
veloped, and  are  marked  by  a greater 
lateral  separation  from  each  other  along 
the  median  line  than  is  observed  in  the 
Diplo-Gangliata. 

©ip-lo'pi-a.*  [From  dnr\oog,  “ dou- 
ble,” and  o-KTOixai,  to  “ see.”]  An  affection 
consisting  in  double  vision  : dip'lopy. 

Bip-Iop'ter-ous.  [Biplop'terus ; 
from  dnrXoog,  “ double,”  and  nre^v,  a 
“wing.”]  Applied  to  insects  having 
doubled  or  folded  wings. 

©ip'peFs  Oil.  An  animal  oil  pro- 
cured by  the  destructive  distillation  of 
animal  matter,  especially  of  albuminous 
and  gelatinous  substances. 

©ipsacacese,*  dip-sa-ka'she-e,  or 
©ipsacese,*  dip-sa'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  herbaceous  plants,  including 
Dip' sa chs  (Teasel),  used  by  fullers. 

©ip'sa-cus.*  [From  diipa,  “thirst.”] 
A name  formerly  given  to  diabetes,  from 
the  thirst  accompanying  that  affection. 

©ip-so'sis.*  [From  6fya,  “ thirst.”] 
Morbid  thirst;  excessive  or  impaired 
desire  to  drink. 

©ip'ter-a.*  An  order  of  insects. 
See  Dipterus. 

©ipteracese,*  dip-ter-a'she-e.  [From 
Dipterocar' pus,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  consisting  mostly  of  gi- 
gantic trees,  found  in  India,  and  abound- 
ing in  resinous  juice.  It  includes  the* 
Dryobalanops  camphora , which  yields 
the  hard  camphor  of  Sumatra.  A spe- 
cies of  this  order  produces  the  Saul , or 
Saly  the  best  and  most  extensively  used 
timber  of  India. 

©ipterocarpea*.  See  Dipterace^:. 

©ip'ter-us.*  [From  Sig,  “twice”  or 
“two,”  and  irrzpov,  a “wing.”]  Having 
two  wings : dip'terous.  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  ( Dip'tera ) to  an  order  of 
two-winged  insects,  such  as  the  common 
fly,  mosquito,  etc. 

©i-rec'tor,  ©'r /».*  [From  dir'irjo, 
diredtum,  to  “guide.”]  A grooved  in- 
strument for  guiding  a bistoury,  etc.,  in 
certain  surgical  operations. 

©Ir'I-fcens.*  [From  the  same.]  An 
ancient  constituent  in  a prescription, 
meaning  that  which  directs  the  opera- 
168 


tion  of  the  associated  substances-  thus, 
nitre  in  conjunction  with  squill  is  diu- 
retic; with  guaiacum  it  is  diaphoretic. 

I>ir.  ©rop.  = Directio'ne  Pro'pria  * 
“With  a proper  direction.” 

BirPEatiiig.  See  Chthonophagia. 
©is,  or  ©i.  A Latin  particle  usually 
signifying  “apart,”  implying  separation 
or  division,  as  in  divellent.  It  is  some- 
times negative  or  privative,  as  in  dis- 
please (Lat.  displi'ceo). 

©is'^i-loriii.  [©iscifor'mis;  from 
dis'eus,  a “disk.”]  Resembling  a disk ; 
discoid. 

©is'coid.  [©iscoi'des;  from  dkoj, 
a “quoit,”  and  eU og,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a quoit,  or  disk;  quoit-shaped: 
disciform. 

©iseus.  See  Disk. 

©ss-cuss'.  [From  discu'tio,  discus'- 
sum , literally,  to  “ strike  apart ;”  hence, 
to  “scatter,”  to  “dissipate.”]  To  pro- 
mote or  effect  the  resolution  of  tumors, 
etc. 

©iscutient,  dis-ku'shent.  [©iscu'- 
tiens;  from  the  same.]  Applied  to 
substances  having  the  property  of  pro- 
moting the  resolution  of  tumors. 

©is-ease'.  [From  the  French  des , 
negative,  and  aise,  “ease.”  Lat.  Mor'- 
bus;  Fr.  Maladiey  mii'l&'d&'.]  Any  de- 
parture from  the  state  of  health. 

©is-im-fect'ants.  [From  dis,  nega- 
tive, and  inji'cio , in  fee' turn,  to  “corrupt,” 
to  “infect.”]  Applied  to  agents  which 
destroy  the  causes  of  infection.  Among 
these  agents,  chlorine  is  one  of  the  most 
efficient. 

©is-in-fect'liig’.  [Disinfi'ciens; 

from  the  same.]  Purifying  the  atmo- 
sphere from  contagious  influences. 

©is-in-fec'tion.  [©isinfec'tio, 
o'nis ; from  the  same.]  The  act  of  puri- 
fying the  atmosphere  from  contagious 
influences  by  renewing  the  air,  or  by 
chemical  action. 

©isk.  [©is'ens;  from  fooKog,  a 
“quoit.”]  The  round,  central  part  of  a 
compound  flower;  also,  the  whole  sur- 
face within  the  margin  of  a leaf. 

©is-lo-ca/tloii.  [©isloca'tio,o'ni«/ 
from  dis,  “ division,”  and  lo'eo , to 
“place.”]  Displacement  of  a bone  of  a 
movable  articulation  from  its  natural 
situation;  luxation. 

©ispcBisairc.  See  Dispensary,  and 
Dispensatory. 

©is-poBi'sa-rjf.  [Lat.  ©ispensa'- 

riiim:  Fr.  Dispeusnire,  d&'spoNo'saiR' ; 
from  dispen'so , dispensn'tum,  to  “dis- 
pense,” to  “distribute.”]  A place  whero 


DIS 


DIV 


medicines  are  prepared  and  dispensed. 
Generally  applied  to  a charitable  insti- 
tution for  the  sick  poor  of  large  com- 
munities. 

Dim-pen  sa-to-ry.  [Lat.  Dispensa- 
to'riuin;  Fr.  Dispensaire , d£'sp6Na'saiit' ; 
from  the  same.]  A book  which  describes 
the  various  articles  of  the  Materia  Me- 
dica  and  gives  directions  for  preparing 
and  compounding  medicines. 

Dis-place'ment.  A process  applied 
to  pharmaceutical  preparations,  and 
founded  on  the  long-known  fact  that 
any  quantity  of  liquid  with  which  a 
powder  may  be  saturated,  when  put  into 
a proper  apparatus,  may  be  displaced 
by  an  additional  quantity  of  that  or  of 
another  liquid. 

Dis-sect'ed.  [Dissec'tus.  See  Dis- 
section.] Incised;  cut. 

Dis-sec'tiou.  [Dissec'tio,  o'nis ; 
from  dis,  “ apart,”  and  se'co,  sec' turn,  to 
“cut.”]  The  cutting  up  of  an  animal  or 
vegetable  in  order  to  ascertain  its  struc- 
ture. 

Dl-sper'ma-tous,  or  Di-sper'- 
moas.  [Disper'matus;  from  dig, 
“twice”  or  “two,”  and  anzpfia,  a “seed.”] 
Having  two  seeds. 

Dis-sep'I-ment.  [Dissepianen'- 
tuan;  from  disse'pio , to  “separate.”]  A 
separation,  or  partition,  that  divides  the 
cells  of  a capsule. 

Disten  tion.  [Disten'tio;  from 
dis,  “apart,”  and  tea’ do,  ten' turn  or 
ten' sum,  to  “stretch.”]  The  dilatation 
of  a hollow  viscus  by  too  great  accumu- 
lation of  its  contents. 

Distich  1-a,^  Dis-ti-elii'a-sis.* 
[From  dig,  “twice”  or  “two,”  and  ari\o;, 
a “row.”]  An  affection  in  which  the 
tarsus  has  a double  row  of  eyelashes, 
one  inwards  against  the  eye,  the  other 
outwards. 

Dim'ti-elious.  [Dls'ticlms;  from 
the  same.]  Double  ranked;  ranged  in 
two  rows,  like  the  leaves  of  certain 
grasses. 

Distillatio  per  Descensum.  See 

Descensus. 

Dis-til-la'tion.  rSMstillatio,  or, 

more  correctly,  Destilla'tio;  from  dis - 
til'lo,  distilla' turn , to  “ drop  by  little  and 
little,”  or  destiVlo,  destilla' turn,  to  “drop 
down”  or  “fall  in  drops.”]  The  process 
of  separating  the  volatile  from  the  more 
fixed  parts  by  heat. 

Dist  ilia 't  ion,  De-st rnc'tive.  The 
decomposition  of  bodies  by  strong  heat 
in  one  vessel,  and  collection  of  the  pro- 
ducts in  another. 

15* 


Dis'to-ma  Ile-pat'i-ciim.*  [From 

dig,  “twice”  or  “two,”  aropa,  a “mouth,” 
and  riTrartKog,  “belonging  to  the  liver.”] 
The  fluke  (Fr.  Douce,  doov),  a worm 
sometimes  found  in  the  liver  and  gall- 
bladder of  man,  but  more  commonly  in 
those  of  sheep,  goats,  etc.  It  is  an  ob- 
ovate  flat  worm,  nearly  an  inch  in  length 
and  about  the  third  of  an  inch  broad. 
From  the  gall-bladder  it  occasionally 
passes  into  the  intestinal  canal. 

Dis-tor'tion.  [Distorlio,  o'nis; 
from  dis,  “apart”  or  “awry,”  and  tor' - 
queo,  tor' turn,  to  “twist.”]  Unnatural 
direction  or  disposition  of  parts,  as  cur- 
vature of  the  spine,  etc. 

Dis-tor'tor.*  [From  the  same.]  That 
which  distorts.  See  next  article. 

Distor'tor  O'ris.*  (“Distorter  of 
the  Mouth.”)  A name  given  to  one  of 
the  zygomatic  muscles,  from  its  action  in 
distorting  the  mouth  in  rage,  grinning, 
etc. 

I)is-tri€li'i-a.  The  same  as  Dis- 

TICHIA. 

Dis'trix.*  [From  dig,  “twice.”  or 
“double,”  and  0pi'£,  the  “hair.”]  Forky 
hair;  a disease  of  the  hair  in  which  it 
splits  at  the  end. 

Di-u-re'sis.*  [From  did,  “ through,” 
and  ovptoi,  to  “pass  water.”]  Increased 
discharge  of  urine,  from  whatever  cause. 

Di-u-ret'ic.  [Diuret'icus ; from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  diuresis  ; caus- 
ing diuresis. 

Di-ur'nal.  [Dinr'nus;  from  dies, 
a “day.”]  Belonging  to  the  daytime. 
Applied  to  a family  of  rapacious  birds 
which  fly  chiefly  by  day,  to  distinguish 
them  from  others,  such  as  owls,  that  fly 
by  night.  Also  applied  to  a family  of 
insects. 

Di-ur-na'tion.  [From  diur'nus, 
“ daily.”]  A term  introduced  by  M.  Hall 
to  express  the  state  of  some  animals, 
the  bat,  for  example,  during  the  day, 
contrasted  with  their  activity  at  night. 

Div«  = Div’ide * “ Divide.” 

Di-var'i-cate.  [Divarica'tus;  from 
diear’ ieo,  divarica'tum,  to  “stride”  or 
“straddle.”]  Straddling;  diverging  at 
an  obtuse  angle. 

DI-var-i-ca'tioii.  [From  the  same.] 
The  bifurcation,  or  separating  into  two, 
of  an  artery,  a nerve,  etc 

Di-vel'Ient.  [Divel'leais;  from  d is, 
“apart,”  and  vel'lo,  vul'sum,  to  “pluck,” 
to  “pull.”]  Pulling  asunder,  or  separ 
rating. 

Divelleait  Affinity.  See  Affinity, 
Divellent. 

169 


DIV 


DOR 


Di-ver-si-fto'rus.*  [From  diver'sus, 
“different,”  and flos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing different  flowers:  diversiflo'rate. 

Bi-ver-tic'u-lum.*  [From  diver'to, 
to  “turn  aside.”]  A variation  or  de- 
parture from  the  natural  conditions;  a 
malformation. 

Di-vul'sion,  or  Divulsio,*  di-vul'- 
she-o.  [See  Divellent.]  Applied  in 
Surgery  to  the  forcible  separation  or 
laceration  of  a part. 

Dizziness.  See  Dinus,  and  V ertigo. 

Bobereiner’s  (do'be-ri'nerz)  Lamp. 
A method  of  producing  an  instantaneous 
light  by  throwing  a jet  of  hydrogen  gas 
upon  recently  prepared  spongy  platinum; 
the  metal  instantly  becomes  red-hot,  and 
then  sets  fire  to  the  gas.  This  discovery 
was  made  by  Professor  Dobereiner,  of 
Jena,  in  1824. 

Do?*i-ma'si-a.®  [From  doKipd^a),  to 
“test,”  to  “examine,”  to  “prove.”] 
Dog'imacy.  The  art  of  examining  fos- 
sils or  metals  to  ascertain  their  compo- 
sition. 

Docinma'sia  Pnl-mo'nnm,*  or 
Docmna'sia  Pail-mo-iia'lis.*  (“Test- 
ing of  the  Lungs.”)  In  Medical  Juris- 
prudence, the  testing  of  the  lungs  of  a 
dead  new-born  child,  in  order  to  ascer- 
tain whether  it  has  ever  respired;  in 
other  words,  whether  it  was  born  alive 
or  dead. 

B©C-i-mas'tic.  [Boeimas'ticiis.] 

Belonging  to  Docimasia. 

Doeimas'tic  Art.  The  art  of  assay- 
ing. 

Bock,  Sour.  The  Ru'mex  aceto'sa. 

Dock,  Wa  ter.  The  common  name 
for  the  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

Boc'tor,  o'ri*.*  [From  do'ceo , doc'- 
tum,  to  “teach.”]  Literally,  a “teacher” 
or  “instructor.”  A degree  or  title  con- 
ferred by  the  Medical  Faculty  of  a uni- 
versity, or  college,  on  “those  who  have 
successfully  undergone  previous  examina- 
tion and  trial,”  constituting  them  physi- 
cians; also,  a title  conferred  on  those 
who  have  received  the  highest  degree  in 
law  or  divinity.  The  appellation  origi- 
nally implied  that  he  who  bore  it  was  so 
thoroughly  conversant  with  his  art  or 
profession  as  to  be  qualified  to  teach  it. 

l)o*(lec'a-gon.  [Dodecagonum ; 
from  J dcca",  “twelve,”  and  y<ovta,  an 
“angle.”]  A figure  having  twelve  sides 
and  angles. 

Do-dcc-ag'o-nal.  [Dodecago'nus.] 

Belonging  to  a dodecagon. 

Dodec-a-he'dral.  [Dodecahe'- 
drus.]  Belonging  to  a dodecahedron. 
170 


Do'<lec-a-he'dron.  [From 

and  edpa,  a “base.”]  A solid  figure  of 
twelve  equal  bases  or  sides. 

l)o-de-can'dri-a.i;  [From  cuiStKa, 
“twelve,”  and  avi\p,  a “man”  or  “male.”] 
The  eleventh  class  of  plants  in  the 
Linnsean  system,  characterized  by  the 
presence  of  from  twelve  to  nineteen 
stamens. 

Bo-de-can 'dri-otis.  [Bodecan'- 

drius;  from  io'daca,  and  avnp,  drdpog,  a 
“man”  or  “male.”]  Having  twelve 
stamens.  See  Dodecandria. 

Bog-Hose.  The  Rosa  canina , or  hip- 
tree. 

Bo-lab'ri-form.  [Bolabrifor'- 

mis;  from  dolab'ra , a “hatchet”  or 
“axe.”]  Having  the  form  of  a hatchet. 

Do'li  Ca'pax.*  (“Capable  of  De- 
ceit.”) Applied  in  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence to  a criminal  for  whom  insanity  is 
pleaded  in  excuse,  when  inquiry  is  made 
as  to  his  mental  capacity  when  the  crime 
was  committed. 

Dol'i-cbos.*  [Gr.  6o\ix6s,  “long.”] 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Diadel- 
phia , natural  order  Leguminosse. 

Dol'iclios  Pru'ri-ens.;i:  (“Itching 
Dolichos.”)  The  cowhage,  or  cow-itch, 
now  called  Mucu’na  pru’riens. 

Dol'o-mite.  A species  of  magnesian 
limestone. 

Bo'lor,*  plural  Do-lo'reS.  [From 
do'leo,  to  “be  in  pain,”  to  “ache;”  Fr. 
Douleur , doo'luR'.]  Pain. 

Dolor  Cap'I-tis.*  (“Pain  of  the 
Head.”)  See  Cephalalgia. 

Bo'lor  Den  (“Pain  of  the 

Teeth.”)  See  Odontalgia. 

Bo'lor  Fa-cle'i.*  (“  Pain  of  the 
Face.”)  See  Neuralgia. 

Dom-bey'a  Ex-^el'sa.*  A tree  grow- 
ing in  South  America,  and  yielding  the 
glutinous,  milk-like  fluid  known  as  Dom- 
beya  Turpentine. 

Do-re'ma,  at  is*  [Gr.  6dpr,ya,  a 
“gift.”]  A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class 
Pentandria,  natural  order  Umbelliferse. 

Bore'nia  Am-mo-ni'a-cum.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  plant  which  pro- 
duces Ammoniacnm  : gum-ammoniac. 

Do-ron'I-cum  Moii-ta'mini.*  An- 
other name  for  Arnica  Montana. 

Dor'sad.  Dorsal  (used  adverbially). 

Dorsal.  [Dorsalis:  from  dor' sum, 
the  “back.”]  Belonging  to  the  back. 
Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as  meuning  “to- 
wards the  back.” 

Dor's!,*  the  genitive  of  Dorsum, 
which  see. 

Dor  sl-brancli-i-atus.*  [From 


DOR 


DRI 


dor' sum , the  “ back,”  and  bran'chiae, 
“lungs.”]  Dorsibran'chiate.  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  (Dorsibranchia'ta)  to 
an  order  of  Articulata  having  branchiae 
equally  distributed  along  the  body. 

Dar'so-.  A prefix  denoting  connec- 
tion with  the  back;  as,  Dor’ so- Coital, 
having  connection  with  the  back  and 
ribs. 

Bor-ste'ni-a.*  A genus  of  urtica- 
ceous  plants,  in  which  the  flowers  are 
arranged  upon  a fleshy  receptacle,  usu- 
ally flat  and  of  a very  variable  form. 

Dor'sinn,;i:  gen.  !>or'si.  [Gr.  vwrog ; 
Fr.  Dos,  do.]  The  back  of  man  or  beast. 
The  superior  surface  of  other  parts,  as  of 
the  foot,  hand,  etc. 

Bose.  [Do'sis;  from  <3i'<3o>/h,  to  “give.”] 
Literally,  “any  thing  given”  or  “admin- 
istered.” The  determinate  quantity  of  a 
medicine  prescribed  or  given  to  patients 
at  one  time.  It  is  obvious  that  the  same 
quantity  of  any  medicine  should  not  bo 
given  to  an  infant  as  to  an  adult.  The 
difference  of  sex,  peculiarities  of  consti- 
tution, and  the  previous  habits  of  the 
patient  must  also  be  taken  into  consider- 
ation by  the  judicious  physician.  It 
may  be  stated,  in  a general  way,  that 
the  dose  for  an  infant  one  year  old 
should  not  be  more  than  about  one- 
twelfth  part  of  a do3e  for  a grown  per- 
son; for  a child  three  years  of  age,  one- 
sixth;  for  one  seven  years  old,  one- 
third;  and  for  one  of  twelve  years,  one- 
half  as  much  as  for  an  adult.  Women 
usually  require  smaller  doses  of  medicine 
than  men.  For  a table  of  doses,  see 
Appendix. 

Das'sil.  A small  roll  or  pledget  of 
lint  for  introduction  into  wounds,  etc. 

Botli-iii-eii-ter-i'tis,*  or,  more  pro- 
perly, Bd-tlii-en-en-ter-i'tis.*  [From 
6o3tris,  a “boil,”  and  evnpjv,  an  “intes- 
tine.”] Enlargement  and  inflammation 
of  the  glandular  follicles  of  the  intestinal 
canal. 

Ba&Vler.  An  instrument  used  in 
electrical  experiments,  and  so  contrived 
that,  by  executing  certain  movements, 
very  small  quantities  of  electricity  com- 
municated to  part  of  the  apparatus,  may 
be  continually  doubled  until  it  becomes 
perceptible  by  means  of  an  electroscope. 

Douce-Amdre,  dooss  &'meu'.  [From 
doux,  “sweet,”  and  amer,  “bitter.”]  The 
French  for  Dulcamara,  which  see. 

Douctie  (Fr.),  doosh.  Literally,  a 
“ pumping,  as  at  the  bath.”  The  sudden 
descent  of  a stream  or  column  of  water, 
usually  cold,  on  the  head,  or  other  part. 


The  douche  is  often  found  to  be  an  ex- 
cellent means  of  taming  a furious  ma- 
niac. 

Bouleur.  See  Dolor. 

Douve,  doov.  The  French  name 
for  the  Fluke,  an  intestinal  worm.  See 
Distoma  Hepaticum. 

Bo'ver’s  Pow  der.  The  Pulvis  Ipe - 
cacuanhse  compositus. 

Bove'tail  Joint.  The  suture  of 
serrated  articulation,  as  of  the  bones  of 
the  head. 

Drach.  = Drach'ma .*  A “drachm.” 

dram.  [Bracli'ma;  from 
dpaxfin,  a Greek  weight  of  about  sixty- 
six  grains  avoirdupois.]  In  Pharmacy, 
a weight  of  sixty  grains,  or  three  scru- 
ples, or  the  eighlh  part  of  an  ounce. 

I>ra$'ine.  [From  dra'co,  a “dragon.”] 
A precipitate  formed  by  mixing  cold 
water  with  a concentrated  alcoholic 
solution  of  dragon’s  blood. 

I>raconiiiini,i:  dra-kon'she-um.  A 
genus  of  plants  of  the  Linnaean  class 
Tetrandria,  natural  order  Aracese.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of 
the  root  of  the  Dracontium  feetidum.  It 
is  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  nar- 
cotic ; and  it  has  been  highly  recom- 
mended in  asthma. 

BracoEi'tium  Foet'ldum*  (fet'e- 
dum).  The  systematic  name  of  the 
skunk-cabbage,  a plant  growing  abun- 
dantly in  many  parts  of  the  Northern 
and  Middle  United  States.  See  preced- 
ing article. 

Bra-cuatc'ii-lus.*  [Diminutive  of 
dra'co,  a “dragon;”  Gr.  SpaKun/.]  The 
Guinea-Worm,  which  breeds  under  the 
skin,  and  is  common  among  the  natives 
of  Guinea.  It  is  also  termed  the  Dra- 
cunculus  gordius.  See  Guinea- Worm. 

Dra-gaii'tin,  or  Dra-gan'tine.  A 
mucilage  obtained  from  gum  traga- 
canth. 

Brag-'on’s  Blood.  [San'g-uis  Bra- 
co'ois.]  The  dark,  concrete,  resinous 
substance  obtained  from  the  Calamus 
Potang,  or,  according  to  some  writers, 
the  Dracaena  draco,  Pterocarpus  draco, 
and  the  Pterocarpus  santalinus,  etc. 

Dras'tic.  [Bras'ticws;  from  ^pacn- 
Kog,  “working,”  “active,”  “efficacious.”] 
A term  applied  to  purgative  medicines 
which  are  powerful  or  violent  in  their 
operation. 

Braug’Sit,  draft.  [Maus'tus.]  A 

potion,  or  what  a person  drinks  at  once. 

A form  of  medicine  used 
in  farriery,  analogous  to  a draught. 

Dri'mys.^  [From ^pip-vg,  “pungent.”] 
171 


DRI 


DUC 


A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Dodecan- 
dria,  natural  order  Ifagno/iacese. 

Biri'inys  Win-te'ri,*  called  also 
Dri'mys  Ar-o-mati-ca.^  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  which  produces 
the  Winter’s  bark.  See  Wintera. 

Briv'el-ling-.  Involuntary  flow  of 
the  saliva,  as  in  old  age,  infancy,  and 
idiocy;  slavering. 

Broit,  dRwa  (“ right,”  or  “ straight”). 
The  French  term  for  Rectus,  applied  to 
various  muscles  of  the  body. 

l>ro3>.  [Gut'ta.]  The  smallest  quan- 
tity of  a liquid.  See  Minim. 

Br©j>,  Serene.  See  Gutta  Serena. 

Brop'sy-  [Lat.  Hy'drojis;  Gr. 
vdpanp,  from  vdcjp,  “water.”J  The  disease 
Hydrops , variously  distinguished  accord- 
ing to  the  part  affected. 

Bropsy  of  ttie  Belly.  See  As- 
cites. 

Dropsy  of  tbe  Brain.  See  Hy- 
drocephalus. 

Bropsy  of  tlie  Chest.  See  Hydro- 
thorax. 

Bropsy  of  the  Flesh.  See  Ana- 
sarca. 

Bropsy  of  the  Joint.  See  Hydrops 
Articuli. 

Bropsy  of  the  Spine.  See  Hydro- 
rachitis. 

Bropsy  of  the  Testicle.  See  Hy- 
drocele. 

Bropsy  of  the  Fterns.  See  Hy- 

drometra. 

Broseracete,*  dros-er-a'she-e.  [From 
Dros'era,  one  of  the  genera.]  Sun- 
dews. A natural  order  of  exogenous 
herbaceous  plants,  found  in  nearly  all 
parts  of  the  world  where  there  are 
marshes.  It  includes  the  Dionea  (Fly- 
Catcher),  remarkable  for  the  irritability 
of  the  hairs  with  which  its  leaves  are 
bordered. 

Browning-.  See  Submersio. 

Browsiness.  See  Lethargy,  Som- 
nolentia. 

Drug.  (Fr.  Drogue , drog.)  [Pro- 
bably from  the  Anglo-Saxon  Drugan,  to 
“dry,”  or  from  essentially  the  same  root 
in  some  cognate  language,  as  a large 
majority  of  drugs  are  vegetable  sub- 
stances that  have  been  dried  in  order  to 
preserve  them.]  A term  originally,  and 
still  most  frequently,  applied  to  medi- 
cines in  their  simple  form,  but  also  used 
to  include  all  substances  which  arc  em- 
ployed as  medicines. 

Bruin  of  tlie  Ear.  See  Tympanum. 

Briiiikcnncss.  See  Temulentia. 

Brupaceic,:;:  dru-pa'she-e.  [See  next 

172 


article.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  cold  and 
temperate  climates,  including  the  peach, 
plum,  almond,  and  cherry.  Prussic  or 
hydrocyanic  acid  abounds  in  the  leaves 
and  kernels  of  the  fruit. 

Bru-pa/ceous.  [Brnpa'ceus;  from 
dm' pa,  a “ drupe.”]  Having  drupes.  See 
Drupace^e. 

Drupe.  [Bru'pa;  from  ipvima,  a 
“ripe  olive.”]  A fleshy  fruit  containing 
a stone  or  nut,  as  the  cherry,  etc. 

Dru'sy.  Applied  in  Mineralogy  to 
a surface  coated  with  a number  of  minute 
crystals. 

Bry  Belly-Ache.  The  Colica  Pic- 
tomim. 

Bry  Cup'ping-.  The  application  of 
the  cupping-glass  without  scarification, 
in  order  to  produce  revulsion  of  blood 
from  any  part  of  the  body. 

Bry  Pile.  The  name  of  a galvanic 
apparatus,  formed  without  any  acid  or 
liquid,  usually  constructed  with  pairs  of 
metallic  plates  separated  by  layers  of 
farinaceous  paste  mixed  with  common 
salt. 

Bry  But.  A species  of  decay  to 
which  wood  is  subject.  The  wood  loses 
all  its  cohesion,  and  becomes  friable,  and 
fungi  generally  appear  on  it.  The  first 
destructive  change  is  probably  of  a 
chemical  kind. 

Bry-o-bal'a-nops  Ar-o-mat'i-ea.- 

A tree  of  the  order  Dipteracese , yielding 
a liquid  called  camphor  oil  and  a crys- 
talline solid  termed  Sumatra  or  Borneo 
Camphor. 

Bryobal'anops  Cam'plio-ra.*  The 

tree  which  affords  camphor  in  greatest 
quantity. 

Bn-al'i-ty.  [Biial'itas.  ti'tis;  from 
dua'lis , “pertaining  to  two.”]  A term 
used  in  reference  to  a theory  that  the 
two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  capa- 
ble of  acting  independently  of  each  other. 

Bnct  of  Ste'no.  The  excretory  duct 
of  the  parotid  gland. 

Duct  of  Wliar'ton.  [Duo'tus 
Wliartonia'nus;  Duc'tus  Saliva' ris 
Inferior.]  The  excretory  duct  of  the 
submaxillary  gland.  These  two  last, 
with  the  sublingual,  constitute  the  sali- 
vary ducts. 

Bue-til'i-ty.  [Bnotil'itas,  a 'tis  ; 
from  du'eo , due' turn,  to  “draw.”]  A 
property  by  which  bodies  can  be  drawn 
out  as  into  wire. 

BuctNof  Bellini  (bel-lee'ne).  [Bnc'- 
t ns  Belliiiia'iii.]  The  orifices  rf  the 
uriniferous  canals  of  the  kidneys. 


DUC 


DUP 


Duc'tus,*  plural  Dnc'tns.  [From 
da' co,  due' turn,  to  “lead.”]  A canal,  or 
duct. 

Duc'tus  ad  Ha'sum*  (“Duct  [lead- 
ing] to  the  Nose”),  otherwise  called 
fjaeli'ry-mal  Duct.  A duct  extending 
from  the  lachrymal  sac  and  opening  into 
the  inferior  meatus  of  the  nose. 

Ductus  A-quo'st.*  (“Watery 
Ducts.”)  Lymphatic  vessels;  the  aque- 
ous ducts. 

Duc  tus  Ar-te-ra-o'sus.*  (“Arte- 
rial Duct.”)  A blood-vessel  peculiar  to 
the  foetus,  communicating  directly  be- 
tween the  pulmonary  artery  and  the 
aorta. 

Duc'tus  Com-mu'uis  Cfluol-ed'o- 
clius.*  (“Common  Bile-receiving 
Duct.”)  The  bile-duct  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  cystic  and  hepatic  ducts. 
It  conveys  the  bile  from  the  liver  into 
the  duodenum. 

Ductus  ^ys'tl-cus.*  (“Cystic 
Duct.”)  The  excretory  duct  which  leads 
from  the  neck  of  the  gall-bladder  to 
join  the  hepatic,  forming  with  it  the 
Ductus  communis  choledochus. 

Due  tus  Def'er-ens,^  Another  name 
for  the  Vas  Deferens,  which  see. 

D uc'tus  II -j  ac-  u-la-to ' ri-us* 

(“Ejaculatory  Duct”),  plural  Duc'tus 
E-jac-u-la-to'ri-i.  A duct  within  the 
prostate  gland,  opening  into  the  urethra, 
into  which  it  conveys  the  semen:  it  is 
about  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long. 

Duc'tus  Gal-ac-tof 'er-i  or  Lac- 
tif'er-i.*  (“Milk-bearing  or  Milk- 
conveying  Ducts.”)  Milk-ducts  arising 
from  the  glandular  grains  of  the  mamma 
and  terminating  in  sinuses  near  the  base 
of  the  nipple. 

Duc'tus  H e-pat' i-cus.*  (“Hepatic 
Duct.”)  The  duct  which  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  proper  ducts  of  the  liver. 
See  Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 

Duc'tus  In-ei-so'ri-us.*  A con- 
tinuation of  the  fora' men  incisi'vum  be- 
tween the  palatine  processes  into  the  nose. 

Ductus  Eacbrymalis.  See  Duc- 
tus ad  Nasum. 

Duc'tus  Eym-ptiat'I-cus  Dex'- 
ter.*  (“Right  Lymphatic  Duct.”)  A 
duct  formed  by  the  lymphatics  of  the 
right  side  of  the  thorax,  etc.,  and  open- 
ing into  the  junction  of  the  right  jugu- 
lar and  subclavian  veins. 

• Duc'tus  Pau-cre-at'i-cus.*  (“Pan- 
sreitic  Duct.”)  The  pancreatic  duct, 
which  joins  the  gall-duct  at  its  entrance 
into  the  duodenum.  Near  the  duode- 
num this  duct  is  joined  by  a smaller  one, 
12 


called  Ductus  Pancreaticus  Minor  (“Lesser 
Pancreatic  Duct”). 

Duc'tus Pro-stat'I-ci.*  (“Prostatic 
Ducts.”)  The  ducts  of  the  prostate  gland, 
from  twenty  to  twenty-five  in  number, 
opening  into  the  prostatic  urethra  on 
each  side  of  the  veru  montanum. 

Duc'tus  Sal-i-xra'ris  In-fe'ri-©r.* 
(“Inferior  Salivary  Duct.”)  Sec  Duct 
of  Wharton. 

Ductus  T2*©racicus.  See  Thoracic 

Duct. 

Duc'tus  TTSfio-ra^'i-eus  Dex'ter.* 

(“Right  Thoracic  Duct.”)  A designa- 
tion of  the  right  great  lymphatic  vein, 
formed  of  lymphatic  vessels  arising  from 
the  axillary  ganglia  of  the  right  side. 

Duc'tus  Ve-uo'sus.*  (“Venous 
Duct.”)  A blood-vessel  peculiar  to  the 
foetus,  communicating  from  the  Vena  cava 
ascendens  to  the  Vena  portae. 

Puelech,  dii'icK.  A term  employed 
by  Van  Helmont  to  denote  the  state  in 
which  the  spirit  of  urine  is  precipitated 
when  it  forms  calculous  concretions. 

Dul-ca-ma'ra.*  [From  dul'cis , 
“sweet,”  and  ama’rus , “bitter.”]  (Fr. 
Douce- Amere,  dooss  ft'meR'.)  Bitter- 
sweet. The  Pharmaeopoeial  name  ||  of 
the  stalks  of  the  Solarium  dulcamara . 
Dulcamara  possesses  narcotic,  diuretic, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  It  is  chiefly 
employed  as  a remedy  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  such  as  psoriasis, lepra,  etc. 

Dul-^e'd©.*  [From  dul'cis,  “sweet.”] 
Sweetness.  See  next  article. 

Dulce'd©  Spu-to'rum.*  [See 
Sputa.]  Literally,  “sweetness  of  the 
sputa,  or  spittle.”  The  name  given  by 
Frank  to  that  form  of  ptyalism  in  which 
the  saliva  has  a sweet  or  mawkish  taste. 

Dumb.  See  Mute. 

Dumbness.  See  Aphonia. 

Du-mose'.  [From  du’mus,  a “bush.”] 
Bushy  or  shrubby. 

Du-o-de'num.*  [From  duode'ni , 
“twelve.”]  The  first  portion  of  the 
small  intestine,  its  length  being  about 
twelve  fingers’  breadth. 

Du'pla-cate.  [Duplica'tras ; from 
du'plico , duplica'tum,  to  “double.”] 
Doubled. 

Du 'plum.*  [From  du'o,  “two,”  and 
pli’ea,  a “fold.”]  The  double  of  any 
thing.  As  a prefix,  duplo  signifies  “two^ 
fold :”  as,  dgpfo-earburet,  twofold  car- 
buret. 

Dupuytreu  (dii'pwe'troN6'),  €©m- 
pres's«>r  ef.  An  instrument  invented 
by  Dupuytren,  for  compressing  tlm 
femoral  artery. 

173 


DUR 


DYS 


Bu'ra  Ma'ter.*  (The  “Hard  Mo- 
ther.” Fr.  Dure  Mere , dun  meR.)  The 
tough  external  membrane  of  the  brain, 
once  supposed  to  give  origin  to  all  the 
other  membranes  of  the  body. 

©u-ra  men;'  [From  du'ro,  dura' turn, 
to  “harden,”  or  du'rus,  “hard.”]  The 
interior,  more  deeply-colored,  and  harder 
portion  of  the  trunk,  and  branches  of 
trees,  commonly  called  heart-wood , as 
distinguished  from  the  exterior  portion, 
alburnum  or  sap-wood. 

UutcSi  Gold.  An  alloy  of  copper 
and  zinc,  in  which  the  zinc  is  in  greater 
proportion  than  it  exists  in  brass.  It  is 
allied  to  tombac  and  pinchbeck. 

©wtcta  liiq'nM.  The  chloride  of 
olefiant  gas;  also  called  Dutch  oil. 

EDufcBa  Min'e-ral.  Metallic  copper 
beaten  out  in  very  thin  leaves. 

©ulcSt  Oil.  See  Dutch  Liquid. 
l>uteli  Pinal*.  Chalk,  or  whiting, 
dyed  yellow  with  a decoction  of  birch- 
leaves,  French  berries,  and  alum. 

©ye.  See  Dyes. 

©yers’  Alkanet.  See  Anchusa 
Tinctoria. 

EDyers’  Broom,  or  EDyers’  Weed. 

See  Genista  Tinctoria. 

©yers’  Oal*.  See  Quercus  Tinc- 
toria. 

©yes.  Coloring  matters,  whether 
vegetable,  animal,  or  mineral,  used  to 
impart  to  cloth,  yarn,  etc.,  a color  dif- 
ferent from  that  which  they  already 

possess. 

©y-na'mi-a.*  [From  bvvapig,  “pow- 
er.”] Vital  power,  or  strength. 

©y-iaam'ic.  [©ynam'icias ; from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  the  vital 
power,  or  strength. 

Dy-nam'ics.  [©ynam'ica : from 
the  same.]  The  science  of  the  forces  of 
bodies  in  relation  to  each  other.  Vital 
Dynamics  is  the  science  which  treats  of 
vital  forces. 

I>y-naflxi*om'e-ter.  [Dynainom'* 
etram;  from  dvra/ug,  “power,”  and 
fibpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument  by 
which  to  measure  strength  and  power. 

I>ys.  [Gr.  6<jg.]  A Greek  particle  sig- 
nifying “difficult,”  or  “ with  difficulty,” 
“bad,”  or  “badly,”  “painfully,”  etc. 

©ys-ses-the'si-a.*  [From  big,  “dif- 
ficult,” and  ahOavouai , to  “perceive.”] 
Dulness  of  any  of  the  senses,  particu- 
larly touch.  Applied  to  an  order  of  the 
class  Locales  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

©ys-cat-a-po'sl-a.^  [From  big,  “dif- 
ficult,” and  K(nlnromg,  the  “act  of  swal- 
lowing.”] Difficulty  of  swallowing 
174 


liquids.  A term  applied  by  Dr.  Mead 
to  hydrophobia. 

I>ys-£i-ne'si-a.*  [From  big,  “ diffi- 
cult,”  and  kivcoj,  to  “ move.”]  Diminu- 
tion of  the  power  of  motion.  Applied 
in  the  plural  (Dyscine'  six)  to  an  order 
of  the  class  Locales  of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 
ogy. 

©ys-cra'si-a.*  [From  dig,  “bad,” 
and  Kpacng,  a “tempering”  or  “tempera- 
ment/’] A faulty  state  of  the  constitu, 
tion : dys'erasy. 

Bys-e-co'i-a.*  [From  dig,  “difficult,” 
and  olkoy],  “ hearing.”]  Diminished  or 
impaired  hearing ; deafness.  A genus 
of  the  order  Dysxsthesix,  class  Locales , 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Dys'en-ter-y.  [Dysente'ria ; from 
dig,  “ difficult,”  or  “ painful,”  and  hrtpov, 
a “bowel.”]  A disease  marked  by  much 
griping,  tenesmus,  and  stools  consisting 
chiefly  of  mucus,  often  mixed  with  blood. 

Dys'lys-in.  [From  dig,  “ difficult,” 
and  \vaig,  “ solution.”]  Literally,  “ dif- 
ficult of  solution.”  Applied  to  an  in- 
gredient of  bilin  which  remains  undis- 
solved as  a resinous  mass  during  the 
solution  and  digestion  of  bilin  in  dilute 
hydrochloric  acid. 

©ys-nien-or-rlioe'a.*  [From  dig, 
“difficult,”  gi?//,  a “month,”  and  pew,  to 
“flow.”]  (Fr.  Dysmenorrhee , d&s'imP- 
no'rA'.)  Difficult  menstruation. 

Dys-o'<les.*  [From  dig,  “bad,”  and 
o'sco,  to  “smell.”]  Having  a bad  smell. 
A term  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  a fetid 
disorder  of  the  small  intestines. 

Dys-op'si-a.*  [From  dig,  “difficult,” 
or  “painful,”  and  oxpig,  “vision.”]  Pain- 
ful or  defective  vision.  A genus  of  tho 
order  Dysxsthesix,  class  Locales , of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

I>ys-o-rex'i-a.*  [From  dig,  “bad,” 
or  “ difficult,”  and  ope$ig,  “ appetite.”]  De- 
praved appetite.  Applied  in  the  plural 
to  an  order  of  the  class  Locales  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

I>ys-©s-phre'sl-a.*  [From  dig,  “dif- 
ficult,” and  oo<ppr)(j(g,  “smell.”]  Impaired 
condition  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

I>5rs-pep'si-a.*  [From  dig,  “diffi- 
cult,” and  TTcnTos,  to  “concoct.”]  Indi- 
gestion : dyspep'sy.  A genus  of  the 
order  A dynamise,  class  Neuroses,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

BEys-pha'&I-a.*  [From  dig,  “diffi- 
cult,” and  0ayw.  to  “eat.”]  Bys'phagy  ; 
difficulty  in  swallowing.  A genus  of  tlio 
order  Dyscinesix , class  Locales , of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology.  See  Auatapopis. 

l>y  s-pho'nl-n. [From  tig,  “diffi- 


DYS 


EBE 


£ult,”  and  (fxovrj,  “voice.”]  Difficulty  of 
speaking. 

D^S'pho1  rl-a.*  [From  dvg,  “diffi- 
cult,” and  0£po>,  to  “bear.”]  Inquietude  : 
a difficulty  of  enduring  one's  self.  It 
embraces  the  affections  of  anxiety  and 
fidgets. 

I)ysjmcea,:;:  disp-ne'a.  [From  dvgf 
“difficult,”  and  ttvzcj,  to  “breathe.”]  (Fr. 
Dyspnee,  d^s'pnA'.)  Difficult  or  labored 
breathing.  A genus  of  the  order  Spasmi, 
class  Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Dys-sper-ma'si-a,*  Bys-sper-ma- 
tis'mus.*  [From  fog,  “difficult,”  and 
oiTEpya,  “seed.”]  Difficult  or  imperfect 


discharge  of  semen : dyssper'matism. 
A genus  of  the  order  Epischeses,  class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Dys-thet'I-ca.*  [From  dvg,  “bad,” 
and  Tidniii,  to  “ place,”  to  “ make,”  to 
“ constitute.”]  The  name  of  an  order 
in  Dr.  Good’s  Nosology,  denoting  dis- 
eases dependent  upon  a bad  habit  or 
constitution  of  the  body. 

Dys-u'ri-a.*  [From  dvg,  “ difficult,” 
and  ovpov,  the  “ urine.”]  Difficult  or 
painful  and  incomplete  discharge  of 
urine.  A genus  of  the  order  Epischeses , 
class  Locales , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 
l>ys'u-ry.  The  same  as  Dysuria. 


E. 


E,  or  Ex.  A Latin  particle  signify- 
ing “ out,”  “ out  of.”  It  is  sometimes 
privative.  See  Ex. 

Ear.  [Lat.  Au'ris;  Fr.  Oreille,  o'rel.] 
The  organ  of  hearing,  comprehending 
the  external,  middle,  and  internal  ear. 

Ear,  Inflammation  of.  See  Otitis. 

Ear-Ache.  See  Otalgia. 

Ear-Wax.  See  Cerumen. 

Eared.  See  Auriculate. 

Earth  [Ter'ra],  in  popular  language 
denotes  the  friable  matter  or  soil  on  the 
surface  of  the  globe  which  we  inhabit. 
In  Chemistry,  the  earths  are  solid,  in- 
combustible substances,  entering  largely 
into  the  composition  of  the  mineral 
strata,  and  not  convertible  into  metals 
by  any  of  the  ordinary  methods  of  re- 
duction. Many  of  them,  such  as  lime, 
magnesia,  baryta,  and  strontia,  like 
alkalies  combine  with  acids  to  form  what 
in  Chemistry  are  termed  salts.  The 
four  here  named  are  called  alkaline 
earths,  as  they  have  both  an  alkaline 
taste  and  change  vegetable  blues  to 
green. 

Earth-Bath.  [ Arena' tio.]  A rem- 
edy consisting  literally  of  a bath  of 
earth  or  sand  (usually  hot)  with  which 
the  patient  is  covered. 

Earth,  Japan.  See  Acacia  Cate- 
chu. 

Earth  of  Alum.  A preparation  used 
in  making  paints,  and  procured  by  pre- 
cipitating the  alumina  from  alum  dis- 
solved in  water,  by  adding  ammonia  or 
potassa. 

Earth  of  Bone,  or  Bone-Earth. 

A phosphate  of  lime,  sometimes  called 
hone  phosphate,  existing  in  bones  after 
calcination. 


Ean,  o.  The  French  term  for  “ water 
the  name  of  a distilled  water. 

Eau  de  Bababe,  o deh  b&'b&b'.  A 
liquor  manufactured  in  Barbadoes  from 
lemon-peel. 

Eau  de  Cologne,  deh  ko-lon'  (or 
ko'lon').  [A  qua  Colonien'sis.]  Co- 
logne-water ,*  a perfume,  and  an  evapora- 
ting lotion  often  used  in  headache,  fever, 
etc. 

Eau  de  Javelle,  o deh  zh&'vel'. 
Bleaching  liquid,  or  the  A'qua  Alkali' na 
Oxymuriat'ica  of  the  Dublin  Pharmaco- 
poeia. 

Eau  de  Luce,  o deh  Hiss'.  The 
Tinctura  Ammonia 2 Composita  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias.  The  French  name  is 
derived  from  that  of  an  apothecary  of 
Lille. 

Eau  de  Naphre,  o deh  n&fR'. 
A bitter  aromatic  water,  prepared  by 
distilling  the  leaves  of  the  Seville  orange 
with  water. 

Eau  de  Babel,  o deh  ra'bel'.  [A'qua 
Babellia'iia.]  So  named  from  its  in- 
ventor, the  empiric  Rabel.  It  consists 
of  one  part  of  sulphuric  acid  and  three 
of  rectified  spirit  of  wine,  constituting  a 
sort  of  sulphuric  ether. 

Eau  de  Vie.  [A'qua  Vi'tae.]  See 
Brandy. 

Eau  Medicinal©  d’  Mussou,  0 mA- 

de'se'nal'  diis's6N«'.  A celebrated  remedy 
for  gout,  prepared  as  follows.  Mace- 
rate two  ounces  of  the  root  of  colchicum, 
cut  in  slices,  in  four  fluidounces  of 
Spanish  white  wine,  and  filter. 

Ebenacese,*  eb-e-na'she-e.  [From 
Eh'ennm,  “ ebony.”]  A natural  order  of 
exogenous  trees  and  shrubs,  mostly  In- 
dian and  tropical.  Some  species  are 
175 


EBL 


ECL 


remarkable  for  the  hardness  and  black- 
ness of  the  wood,  as  ebony  and  ironwood. 
The  Jussieuan  name  of  this  order  is 
Guaiacanse. 

Eb'la-uin,  or  Eb'la-iiine.  Pyrox- 
anthin,  a substance  obtained  from  raw 
pyroxylic  spirit. 

E-brac'te-ate.  [Ebraetea'tws; 

from  e,  priv.,  and  brae' tea,  a “ floral  leaf.”] 
Without  a floral  leaf. 

Eb-ul-irtioai.  [Ebulli'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  ebuVlio,  to  “bubble  up”  or  “boil 
up.”]  The  act  or  state  of  boiling. 

Eb-ur-na/tion.  [From  e’bor,“  ivory.”] 
A state  of  the  osseous  system  in  which 
there  is  an  increased  and  morbid  deposit 
of  phosphate  of  lime,  especially  on  the 
cartilages  of  the  joints. 

ES) u rnilicatiosi . See  Eburnation. 

E'foair  ITs'tum  Jfi'grum^  (“Ivory 
Burnt  Black”),  called  Cologne-black,  or 
Ivory-black.  Charcoal  prepared  from 
charred  ivory  shavings. 

Ec  (Ik),  and  Ex  (t£)  before  a vowel. 
A Greek  preposition  signifying  “out,” 
“out  of,”  “from,”  etc. 

Eeaille,  Akal'.  The  French  term 
for  Scale,  which  see. 

E-cal-ca-ra'tiis.*  [From  e,  priv., 
and  cal' car,  a “ spur.”]  Without  a spur, 
or  horn. 

E-cau 'date.  [Ecauda'tces ; from  e, 
priv.,  and  cau'da,  a “tail.”]  Without  a 
tail. 

Ec-ba'li-wrai  Of-fi?-i-na'Ie.x‘  An- 
other name  for  Momor' dica  Elate'rium, or 
wild  cucumber. 

Ee-bol'ic.  [Ecbol'icms ; from  ckS6.\- 
Ao>,  to  “cast  out.”]  Applied  to  medicines 
which  induce  abortion. 

Ec-cen'tric.  [Eccen'tricwis;  from 
ck,  “out  of,”  “from,”  and  cen’trum,  the 
“centre.”]  Away  from  the  centre. 

Ec-een-trs^'i-ty'.  [Eccentra^'itas, 
n'tis  ; from  the  same.]  In  Astronomy, 
the  distance  between  the  centre  of  a 
planet's  orbit  and  the  centre  of  the 
sun. 

Ec-chy-mo'ma,  atis*  [From  e/ocd- 
fjtou >,  to  “pour  out.”]  A soft  blue  swell- 
ing from  a bruise;  extravasation  of 
blood  into  the  cellular  tissue.  A genus 
of  the  order  Tumores,  class  Locales,  of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ec-chy-mo'sls.*  The  same  as  Ec- 
chymoma,  which  see. 

Ec-co-prot'ie.  [Eocoprot'ieus ; 
from  ck,  “out,”  and  Ko^pog,  “dung.”] 
Evacuating  the  contents  of  the  bowels. 

Ec-cri-nol'o-sy.  [EecrinoSo'^ia ; 
from  haepivui,  to  “secrete,”  and  A<5yo,-,  a 
176 


“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  science 
of  the  secretions. 

Ec-crit'I-ca.;:  [From  cKKpivw,  to 

“ strain  off.”]  Diseases  of  the  excernent 
function.  The  name  of  a class  in  Dr. 
Good’s  Nosology. 

Ec-^y-e'sis.*  [From  ck,  “out”  or 
“without,”  and  Kvrjoig,  “gestation.”] 
Extra-uterine  foetation. 

Ecliaiicrure,  AshoNG'kRiiR'.  A 
French  term  denoting  a depression  or 
notch  in  the  bones.  See  Notch. 

Ecliarpe,  &'shaRp\  The  French  for 
the  surgical  apparatus  called  a Sling, 
which  see. 

Ecli  l-nate,  or  E-rlii'nate.  [EeM- 

natus;  from  exivog,  the  “hedge-hog.’  ] 
Beset  with  prickles. 

Eehisie,  Ash6n'.  See  Spine. 

E-eliiii-o-coc'ens.*  [From  exivog, 
the  “hedge-hog,”  and  KOKKog,  a “berry.”] 
A species  of  hydatid. 

E-eliaii'o-<ler'iMa-ta.>::*  [See  Eciiino- 
dermatus.]  The  fourth  class  of  the 
Cycloneura , or  Radiata , consisting  of 
simple  aquatic  animals  covered  with  a 
spiny  shell  or  a coriaceous  skin. 

E-chin'o-der'ma-tiis.^  [From  exivog, 
the  “hedge-hog,”  and  deppa,  the  “skin.”] 
Echinoder'matous.  Having  a skin  like 
the  Echinus.  Applied  to  a class  of  Ra- 
diata. Sec  Eciiinodermata. 

E-cItom-o-rbjna'chus.*  [From  exivog, 
the  “hedge-hog,”  and  pvyxog,  a “beak.”] 
The  name  for  a genus  of  Entozoa,  order 
Acanthoccphalise  of  Itudolplii. 

E~elii'ims.*  [From  exivog,  the  “sea- 
urchin.”]  A term  applied  to  a calcareous 
petrifaction  of  the  sea-urchin. 

Ee-Iamp'sy.  [EelaEiip'sia,  Ec- 
lamp'sis;  from  UXapnio,  to  “shine.”] 
Literally,  “flashing  of  light;”  “efful- 
gence.” A convulsive  disease  of  in- 
fancy; also,  epilepsy,  and  the  appear- 
ance of  flashes  of  light,  forming  one  of 
its  symptoms.  Sometimes  applied  to  a 
form  of  puerperal  convulsions  resembling 
epilepsy  in  severity. 

Ec-lec'tic.  [Eclec'tiens;  from  ck, 
“ out,”  and  Asya), to  “ gather”  or  “ choose.”] 
Selected,  or  chosen  from  among  others. 
Applied  to  an  ancient  sect  of  physicians 
(as  well  as  to  a school  of  philosophy), 
who  held  that  we  ought  not  to  coniine 
ourselves  to  one  single  system  or  school, 
but  to  select  what  is  best  from  all  the 
different  systems.  It  was  at  its  acme 
about  the  beginning  of  tho  second  cen- 
tury. The  name  is  also  applied  to  a 
modern  school  of  recent  origin. 

Ec-leg-'ma,*  or  Ec-leig'ma.*  [Gr. 


ECL 


EEL 


beXtiypa  ; from  to  “lick  up.”]  (Fr. 

Looch,  lok.)  A pharmaceutical  prepa- 
ration of  a certain  consistence  and  of  a 
sweet  flavor.  See  Linctus. 

E-clipse'.  [Lat.  Eelip'sis;  Gr.  ck- 
\evpis,  from  beKd-noi,  to  “fail.”]  In  As- 
tronomy, the  obscuration  of  the  light  of 
one  heavenly  body  by  the  intervention 
of  another. 

E-cIip'tic.  [EcJip'tacias.]  Belong- 
ing to  an  eclipse.  Applied  to  an  imagi- 
nary circle  in  the  heavens,  which  the 
sun  appears  to  describe  in  the  course  of 
the  year;  so  named  because  eclipses 
only  happen  when  the  moon  is  in  the 
same  plane  or  very  near  it. 

Eclisse,  &'kl&ss\  The  French  for 
Splint,  which  see. 

E-con'o-my.  [(Econo'mia;  from 
oIko a “ house,”  and  vepio,  to  “ distribute,” 
to  “arrange.”]  Literally,  “household 
order  or  arrangement.”  Applied  to 
order  or  proper  management  in  doing 
any  thing. 

Animal  Economy  denotes  collectively 
all  the  laws  or  arrangements  which  are 
necessary  to  the  animal  system. 

Ecoree,  &'konss'.  The  French  term 
for  “bark.”  See  Cortex. 

Ec-plily'sis.*  [From  to 

“bubble  up.”]  Vesicular  eruption  con- 
fined in  its  action  to  the  surface.  This 
term  comprehends  the  several  species  of 
pompholyx,  herpes,  rhypia,  and  eczema . 
Compare  Emphlysis. 

Ee-pliro'ral-a.*  [From  siappojv,  “out 
of  one’s  mind.”]  Insanity  ; craziness  ; a 
term  comprising  melancholy  and  mad- 
ness. 

Ec-pliy'ma.*  [From  bcpvct),  to  “spring 
out.”]  A cutaneous  excrescence,  in- 
cluding the  several  species  verruca , ca- 
runcula,  claims , callus. 

Ee-py-e'sis.*  [From  zkttvLo,  to  “sup- 
purate.”] Humid  scall,  including  the 
species  impetigo,  porrigo,  ecthyma , and 
scabies.  Compare  Empyesis. 

Ecraseur,  AkR&'zuR'.  [Fr.  j# eraser , 
to  “crush.”]  Literally,  a “crusher.” 
A kind  of  steel  chain  tightened  by  a 
screw,  used  for  removing  piles,  polypi , 
or  malignant  growth5*. 

Ecrmielles,  &'kroo'ell'.  The  French 
term  for  Scrofula,  which  see. 

Ec^tasis.  See  Ecstasy. 

Ec  sta-sy.  [Ec'stasis;  from  z^icTapai, 
to  “ be  out  of  one’s  senses.”]  A total 
suspension  of  sensibility,  voluntary  mo- 
tion, and  for  the  most  part  of  mental 
power.— the  body  erect  and  inflexible, 
the  pulsation  and  breathing  not  affected. 


Ec'ta-sis.*  [From  Ik,  “out,” and  rrfvca, 
to  “stretch.”]  Extension  or  expansion. 

Ec-tliy'ma,  a tie*  [From  • zkBvo,  to 
“break  out.”]  An  eruption  of  phlyza^ 
cious  pustules,  without  fever. 

Ec-to'pi-a.*  [From  zktotto;,  “out  of 
place.”]  Protrusion,  or  displacement. 
Applied  in  the  plural  to  an  order  of  the 
class  Locales  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ecto'pia  Cor'dis.^  (“Displacement 
of  the  Heart.”)  Applied  to  any  case 
where  the  heart  is  out  of  its  proper 
place  or  in  an  unnatural  position. 

Ec-top-t&r'y-g'oid.  [Ectoptery- 
g-oi'des;  from  herds,  “without,”  and 
trTepvyoeidris,  “pterygoid.”]  A term  pro- 
posed by  Owen  for  the  transverse  bone 
of  Cuvier  in  reptiles. 

Ee-io-zo'oai,*  plural  Ec-to-zo'a. 
[From  Lktos,  “without,”  and  &ov,  an 
“animal.”]  Those  parasitic  insects 
(such  as  lice)  that  infe  t the  surface  of 
the  body,  in  contradistinction  from  the 
Entozoa , which  are  found  within  the 
body. 

Ec-tro'pi-um.*  [From  zk,  “out,” 
and  rpena),  to  “turn.”]  Eversion  of  the 
eyelid  or  eyelids. 

Ec-trot'ic.  [Ectrot'icws  ; from  zk- 
rirp  crAfo),  to  “cause  a miscarriage.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  treatment  by  which  the  de- 
velopment of  disease  is  hindered. 

Ec'ze-ma,  a tis*  [From  zk^zu),  to 
“boil  up.”]  A smarting  eruption  of 
small  pustules,  generally  crowded  to- 
gether, without  fever,  and  not  conta- 
gious. 

Ec-zem'a-tous.  [Eczem'atus.]  Be- 
longing to  Eczema. 

E- <1  era  - ta ' ta.^  [See  next  article.] 
Toothless  animals;  quadrupeds  without 
front  teeth,  as  the  armadillo. 

E-dem-ta'tiis.*  [From  e,  priv.,  and 
dens , a “tooth.”]  Without  teeth:  eden'- 
tate.  Applied  to  an  order  of  Mammalia. 
See  Edentata. 

E-dral-co-i’a'tiora.  [From  dul'cis, 
“sweet.”]  The  sweetening  of  any  me- 
dicinal preparation.  Also,  the  process 
of  freeing  an  easily  soluble  substance 
from  one  that  is  soluble  with  difficulty, 
by  menns  of  distilled  water. 

E-diil-eo-ra'tor.  [From  the  same.] 
A dropping-bottle.  An  instrument  for 
supplying  small  quantities  of  sweetened 
liquid,  water,  etc.,  to  any  mixture,  or  to 
test-tubes,  watch-glasses,  etc. 

Eel  Oil.  An  oil  procured  from  eels 
by  roasting ; employed  as  an  ointment 
for  stiff  joints,  and  by  ironmongers  for 
preserving  steel  from  rust. 


177 


EFF 


ELA 


Ef'fer-ens,  en'iw.*  [From  effero , 
to  “carry  out.”]  Ef'ferent.  Carrying 
or  conveying  out.  Applied  in  the  plural 
to  certain  vessels  of  the  testis.  See  Vasa 
Efferentia. 

Ef-fer-ves'sence.  [Effervescen'- 
tia;  from  efferves'co,  to  “boil  over.”] 
The  agitation  produced  on  mixing  cer- 
tain substances,  caused  by  the  sudden 
escape  of  a gas. 

Ef-ler- vesting  Draught.  Dissolve 
a scruple  of  carbonate  of  soda  or  potas- 
sa  in  an  ounce  of  water ; mix  two  drachms 
of  cinnamon  water  with  a drachm  and 
a half  of  syrup  of  orange-peel ; add  to 
these  a tablespoonful  of  fresh  lemon- 
juice,  and  drink  the  mixture  immediately. 

Ef-flo-res'^ence.  [Efllorescen'tia ; 
from  efflores'co , to  “ flower,”  to  “ flou- 
rish.”] The  blooming  of  flowers;  the 
time  of  flowering.  In  Chemistry,  the 
spontaneous  conversion  of  crystals  to 
powder  in  consequence  of  the  loss  of 
their  water  of  crystallization.  Also,  a 
morbid  redness  of  the  skin. 

Ef-flu'vi-a,*  the  plural  of  Efflu- 
vium, which  see. 

Ef-flu'vi-um,*  plural  Ef-flu'vi-a. 

[From  ef'Jluo , to  “flow  out.”]  A term 
applied  to  exhalations  or  vapors  (espe- 
cially those  of  a morbific  character)  pro- 
ceeding from  any  body.  It  is  also  fre- 
quently applied  to  animal  or  vegetable 
odors. 

Ef-fu'sion.  [Kll’u'sio,  o'nis ; from 

effun'do , ejfu'sum,  to  “pour  out.”]  The 
escape  of  any  fluid  out  of  its  natural 
vessel,  or  viscus,  into  another  cavity, 
or  into  the  cellular  texture  or  substance 
of  parts. 

Egesta.  See  Egestus. 

E-ges'tus.*  [From  ey'ero,  eyes' turn, 
to  “carry  out,”  or  “cast  out.”]  Applied 
in  the  plural  neuter  (Eyes' ta)  to  the 
natural  excretions  or  evacuations  of  the 
body,  such  as  the  urine,  faeces,  etc. 

Egg.  See  Ovum. 

Egg-Shaped.  See  Oval,  Ovate,  and 
Ovoin. 

E-gland'u-lous.  [Eglandulo'sua; 

from  e , priv.,  and  ylans,  a “gland.”] 
Deprived  of  glands. 

Egopliony.  See  JEgophony. 
Eliretiaccsc,*  a-re-te-a'she-e.  [From 
Ehre'tia , one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants,  mostly  tropi- 
cal trees  or  shrubs.  It  includes  the  Pe- 
ruvian Heliotrope. 

Eighth  Pair  of  Nerves.  See 

Pneumo-Gastric. 

E-jac'u-lans.*  'From  e,  “out,”  and 

178 


jac’ulor,  jacula'tus, to  “throw”  or  “cast.”] 
Throwing  forth,  or  casting  out.  See 
Ejaculatory. 

E-jac-u-la ' tor,  o'ri*.*  [From  the 
same.]  Applied  to  a muscle  of  the  penis. 
See  Accelerator. 

E-jac'u-la-to-ry.  [Ejaculato'rius ; 

from  the  same.]  Ejecting,  or  having 
power  to  eject. 

Ejaculatory  Duets.  See  Ductus 

Ejaculatorius. 

E-jec'tion.  [Ejec'tio,  o'nis;  from 

eji'cio,  ejec’tum , to  “throw  or  thrust 
out.”]  The  act  or  process  of  discharging 
any  thing  from  the  body. 

Eh.  See  Ec. 

Elseagnaccse,*  el-e-ag-na'she-e,  or 
El-se-ag'ni.*  A natural  order  of  ex- 
ogenous trees  and  shrubs,  dispersed 
through  the  whole  Northern  hemisphere. 
It  includes  the  El  sea  y mis , or  Oleaster. 

El-ae-ag'ni,*  the  plural  of  El-se-ag'- 
nus  (“  Oleaster”),  forming  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  older  of  plants.  See 
El^eagnace^e. 

El-se-op'ten.  [From  t\aiov,  “oil,” 
and  TTTriuog,  “flying”  or  “fleeting,”  hence 
“volatile.”]  The  liquid  portion  of  a 
volatile  oil.  The  concrete  portion  is 
called  stearopten.  The  volatile  oils  when 
exposed  to  cold  generally  separate  into 
a solid  and  liquid  portion,  showing  that 
they  are  mixtures  of  two  oils  differing  in 
fluidity. 

EJ-se-o-sac'clia-ra.*  [From  e\aovf 
“oil,”  and  sac' chan, m,  “sugar.”]  The 
mixtures  or  compounds  of  volatile  oils 
and  sugar. 

El'a-in.  [Elai'na ; from  e\atov,  “ oil.”] 
The  oily  principle  of  solid  fats. 

El-ai-om'e-tcr.  [Elaiom'etrum.] 
An  instrument  for  detecting  the  adul- 
teration of  olive  oil. 

El'a-is  Guineen'sis*  (gin-e-en'sis). 
The  Guinea  palm-tree,  which  yields  the 
palm-oil,  and,  it  is  said,  the  best  kind 
of  palm-wine. 

Elaopten.  See  Eljeopten. 

E-las'tic.  [Elas'ticus.  See  Elas- 
ticity.] Having  the  property  of  elas- 
ticity, or  springiness. 

Elastic  Gum,  or  Indian  Rubber. 

See  Caoutchouc. 

E-las'ti-cin.  [Elastici'na : from 
elas'ticus , “elastic.”]  The  peculiar  solid 
material  of  the  elastic  tissue.  It  is  re- 
markable for  its  insolubility  in  all  ordi- 
nary menstrua. 

El-as-ti$'I-tj^.  [From  i\avvut  to 
“drive,”  to  “strike”  or  “impel,”  as  the 
string  of  a bow  impels  the  arrow  ] A 


ELA 


ELE 


property  by  which  bodies  return  forcibly 
and  of  themselves  to  the  same  form  or 
dimensions  they  possessed  before  their 
displacement  or  compression  by  external 
force. 

E-lat'er-in.  [Elateri'na.]  A crys- 
tallizable  matter,  distinct  from  Elatin , 
found  in  the  juice  of  Elaterium. 

El-a-te'ri-unr».*  [From  eXavvw,  to 
“ drive,”  to  “ drive  through,”  referring 
to  its  violent  action  on  the  alimentary 
canal.]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
the  fecula  of  the  Momor' dica  elate' rium, 
otherwise  called  the  Ecba'lium  officina'- 
rum  (or  oficina'le). 

Elaterium  is  a powerful  hydragogue 
cathartic.  In  over-doses,  it  operates 
with  extreme  violence  both  on  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  and  sometimes  causes 
death. 

Era-tin.  [Elatt'na.]  The  active 
principle  of  Elaterium. 

Elatinacese,*  el-a-tin-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  annual  plants,  found  in 
marshes  in  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe. 
It  includes  Elati'ne  (Water-Pepper). 

Elatio,*  e-la'she-o.  [From  ef'fero , 
ela'tum , to  “carry  out,”  to  “carry  be- 
yond bounds,”  to  “transport.”]  Quix- 
otism ; a species  of  mental  extrava- 
gance. 

El'a-yl.  [From  t\aiov,  “oil,”  and  t>X>?, 
“material.”]  The  name  given  by  Ber- 
zelius to  hydruret  of  acetyl,  otherwise 
called  olefiant  gas  and  etherine. 

El'bow.  [Lat.  Cu'bitws;  Fr.  Coude , 
kood.]  Originally,  the  angle  formed  by 
the  arm  when  bent  on  the  fore-arm. 
Commonly  applied  to  the  articulation 
of  the  arm  with  the  fore-arm.  More 
particularly  it  denotes  the  projection  of 
the  olecranon.  See  Ancon,  and  Ole- 
cranon. 

El'der-Tree.  The  Sambucus  niyra. 

El-e-cam-paiie'.  The  Inula  Hele- 
nium. 

Elect.  = Electua' rium.%  An  “electu- 
ary.” 

E-lec-tri^'I-t^.  [Electri^'itas,  a'tis; 
from  nXexTpo-j,  “amber,”  in  which  it  was 
first  observed.]  A subtile  fluid  or  prin- 
ciple produced  by  the  friction  of  certain 
substances,  such  as  glass,  amber,  sealing- 
wax,  etc.  Electricity  has  been  highly 
recommended  as  a stimulant  in  cases  of 
paralysis,  rheumatism,  amaurosis,  etc., 
and  has  sometimes  proved  very  useful 
in  such  affection*. 

Electricity,  Galvanic,  or  Voltaic. 

See  Galvanism. 

E-lec'tro  - Chem'i-cal  Ac'tion. 


Chemical  action  induced  by  electrical 
arrangements. 

Elec'tro-fily-nam'ics.  The  science 
which  treats  of  the  effects  or  phenomena 
of  electricity  in  motion. 

Elec' tro-Ma^'net- ism.  Magnetism 
excited  or  produced  by  electricity, — usu- 
ally by  galvanic  electricity. 

E-lec'trodc.  [From  riXetcrpov,  “am- 
ber,” and  666$,  a “way.”]  In  electro- 
chemical action  the  electrodes  are  the 
surfaces  by  which  the  electricity  passes 
into  or  out  from  other  media,  they  being 
regarded  as  the  roads  or  ways  along 
which  the  electric  fluid  travels. 

E-lec- tro-&en 'e-sis.*  [From  n\cKTpov, 
“amber,”  and  ymj,  to  “be  born.”]  The 
production  of  electricity. 

E-lec-tro-&eii'ic.  [Electrogen'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  electroyenesis. 

E-lec-tro-g,e'ni-um.*  [From  riXw- 
rpov,  “amber.”  and  yewau >,  to  “beget.”] 
The  unknown  cause  of  the  phenomena 
of  electricity:  elec'trogen. 

E-lec-trol'o-gy.  [Electrolo'g-ia ; 
from  uXtKTpov,  “amber,”  and  Aoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  electricity; 
the  science  of  electricity. 

E-lec-trol'y-sis.*  [From  riXzKTpov, 
“amber,”  and  Avw,  to  “loosen,”  to  “dis- 
solve.”] Decomposition  by  electricity. 

E-lec'tro-lytes.  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  bodies  which  can  be  decom- 
posed directly  by  electricity. 

E-lec-t  rom  'e-ter.  [Electron!  'e- 
trum;  from  i)\tKrpov,  “amber,”  and  pe- 
rpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for 
ascertaining  the  quality  and  quantity  of 
electricity  in  an  electrified  body. 

E-lec-t roph'o-r us.*  [From  -iXeKrpov, 
“amber,”  and  (pope o>,  to  “bear.”]  (An 
“electricity-bearer.”)  An  apparatus  em- 
ployed in  electric  experiments. 

E-lec 'tro-scope.  [Electros'eo- 
pus,  or  Electrosco'pimia;  from  i'i\eK- 
rpov,  “amber,”  and oKonea),  to  “spy.”]  An 
instrument  for  ascertaining  the  presence 
of  electricity. 

E-lec'tro-type.  [From  riXeKTpov, 
“amber,”  or  “electricity,”  and  tvttos,  a 
“model”  or  “mould.”]  The  process  by 
which  facsimile  medals  are  executed  in 
copper  by  means  of  electricity.  It  con- 
sists in  preparing  for  a negative  plate 
models  or  moulds  of  objects  to  be  copied, 
and  in  so  arranging  a battery  or  appa- 
ratus which  generates  the  voltaic  cur- 
rent as  to  deposit  the  metals  in  a com- 
pact form  on  the  surface  of  the  mould. 
Electrotype  is  also  used  as  a verb. 

E-lec'tro-Vi'tal  (or  Xeu'ro  E-lec'- 
179 


ELE 


EMA 


trie)  Cur'rents.  The  name  of  two  elec- 
tric currents  supposed  to  exist  in  ani- 
mals,— the  one  external  and  cutaneous, 
moving  from  the  extremities  to  the 
cerebro-spinal  axis;  the  other  internal, 
going  from  the  cerebro-spinal  axis  to 
the  internal  organs. 

E-lec'truin.*  [Gr.  uXeicrpov.']  A term 
used  by  the  ancients  for  amber ; also, 
for  a mixture  of  four  parts  of  gold  and 
one  of  silver. 

Electuarium  Aromaticum.  See 

CONFECTIO  AROMATICA. 

Electuarium  Opii.  See  Confectio 
Opii. 

Electuarium  Semiue.  See  Con- 
fectio Senn^e. 

E-lee  t is  -a-  ry.  [Electua'rium ; 

from  el'iyo , elec' turn,  to  “choose”  or 
“pick  out,”  because  some  agreeable  sub- 
stance is  chosen^  as  a vehicle  for  the 
medicine.]  (Fr.  Electuaire , Al&k'tu'eR'.) 
A confection,  or  conserve.  See  Linc- 
TUS. 

El'e-ments.  [Elemeu'ta.]  Ru- 
diments, or  first  principles:  substances 
which  cannot  be  further  decomposed. 

El-e-men 'turn,*  plural  El-e-men- 
ta.  See  Elements. 

El'e-mi.*  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(Br.  Ph.)  of  a concrete  resinous  exuda- 
tion, probably  from  the  Canarium  com- 
mune: chiefly  imported  from  Manilla. 

El-e-pliau-ti'a-sis.*  [From  eXecpag, 
k\b{)avTO$,  an  “elephant.”]  Applied  to 
two  distinct  diseases  of  quite  different 
character,  now  designated  as  Elephan- 
tiasis Arabian  and  Elephantiasis  Grseco- 
rum. 

Elephantiasis  Ar'abum*  (the  “Ele- 
phantiasis of  the  Arabians”),  otherwise 
called  Bucne'mia,  Barba'does  Leg,  and 
El'ephant-Leg.  A disease  characterized 
by  the  leg  being  much  swollen  and  mis- 
shapen, and  thus  supposed  to  resemble 
that  of  an  elephant. 

Elephantiasis  Gr^eco'rum.*  (“Ele- 
phantiasis of  the  Greeks.”)  An  affection 
nearly  allied  to  leprosy,  if  not  the  same 
disease.  It  is  said  to  be  characterized 
by  shining  tubercles  on  the  face,  ears, 
and  extremities,  with  a thickened,  rugous 
state  of  the  skin,  whence  it  has  been 
termed  Elephant-skin ; also,  Le'pra  Ar'  - 
abum. 

El-et-ta'ri-a.*  [From  the  Malay  El- 
ettariy  the  “lesser  cardamom.”]  The 
name  of  a new  genus  of  plants,  of  the 
class  Monandria,  natural  order  Zinyibe- 
racete. 

Eletta'ria  Car-<l&-mo'mum.*  The 

180 


lesser  cardamom-plant,  formerly  referred 
to  the  genus  Alpinia. 

Ellvateur,  AlAv&'tUR'.  (“  Eleva- 
tor.”) The  French  for  Levator, which  see. 

El-e-va'tor.  [Elevato'rium;  from 
el'evo,  eleva'tum , to  “lift  or  raise  up.”] 
(Fr.  Elevatoire,  AlAvAtw&R'.)  An  in- 
strument for  raising  depressed  portions 
of  bone. 

E-lim'I-nate.  [From  e,  “out  of,”  or 
“out  from,”  and  lil men , a “threshold.”] 
Literally,  to  “put  out”  or  “expel:” 
hence,  to  “send  forth,”  to  “throw  off,” 
to  “set  free.” 

El-i-qua'tion.  [Eliqua'tio,  o 'nis  ; 
from  el'iqno , eliqua'tum , to  “melt 
down”  or  “melt  out.”]  The  process  by 
which  one  substance  more  fusible  than 
another  is  separated  from  it  by  applying 
heat  in  a sufficient  degree. 

E-lix'ir.  [Said  to  be  derived  from 
the  Arabic  El-ekser , or  Al-eksir,  “quint- 
essence.”] A preparation  similar  to  a 
compound  tincture.  Also,  an  extract, 
or  quintessence. 

Elix'ir,  Par-e-g<5r'ic.  The  Tinctu'ra 
cam' phorse  compos' ita.  See  Paregoric. 

E-lu-tri-a'tion.  [Elutraa'tio,  o'nis; 
from  elu'trio , elutria'tum , to  “wash  out,” 
to  “pour  off.”]  The  process  of  pulver- 
izing metallic  ores  or  other  substances, 
and  mixing  them  with  water,  so  that  the 
lighter  parts  are  separated  from  the 
heavier. 

Elytra.  See  Elytron. 

El-y-tri'tis,  idis*  [From  eXvrpov.  a 
“sheath,”  the  “vagina.”]  Inflammation 
of  the  vagina. 

El'y-tron,*  plural  El'y-tra.  [Gr. 

eX'irpov,  from  cAuco,  to  “wrap  up,”  to 
“cover”  or  “conceal.”]  A sheath;  the 
hard  case  or  shell  which  covers  the 
wings  of  coleopterous  insects.  Also,  the 
vagina. 

Ely-tro-plas'tic.  [Elytroplas'ti- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  elytroplasty. 

El'y-tro-plas-ty.  [Elytroplas'tia ; 

from  t\vrpovy  and  nXaaou),  to  “form.”]  The 
operation  of  closing  a vesico-vaginal 
fistulous  opening  by  borrowing  a flap 
from  the  labia , or  nates. 

El-y-trop-lo'sis.*  [From  iXvrpov, 
and  Trnoatf,  a “falling  down.”]  Inversion 
of  the  vagina. 

Ery-trum,*  plural  El'y-tra.  The 

same  as  Elytron,  which  see. 

Einacintioii,  e-ma-slie-a'shun. 

[Emacia'tio,  o'nis;  from  ema'cio.  ema- 
c in’ turn,  to  “make  lean.”]  The  state  of 
being  or  becoming  lean.  See  Atropia. 
and  Marasmus. 


EMA 


EMI 


Email,  Amal'.  The  French  term  for 
Enamel,  which  see. 

Em-a-na'tion.  [Emana'tio,  o' nix; 
from  e,  “out”  or  “from,”  and  ma'no, 
mana'tum,  to  “flow.”]  That  which  flows 
or  proceeds  from  any  substance. 

Emaii»io,*e-man'she-o.  [From  ema'~ 
neo,  e-man* mm,  to  “remain  out”  or  “ab- 
sent.”] Literally,  “absence”  or  “stay- 
ing away.”  See  next  article. 

Emaai'sio  Men'sium*  (men'she- 
um).  Retention  of  the  catamenia.  See 
Amenorrhcea. 

E-mar'gin-ate.  [Einarginatus ; 

from  emar'gino,  to  “take  away  the 
edge.”]  Having  a notch  at  the  margin. 

E-mas'cu-late.  [Emascula'tus ; 
from  emas'culo , emascula'tum,  to  “make 
impotent.”  See  Mas.]  Deprived  of  vi- 
rility; incapable  of  generating. 

E-mas-cu-la'tion.  [Emascula'tio, 
o'nis ; from  the  same.]  The  act  of  ren- 
dering impotent  by  injury  or  removal 
of  the  generative  organs. 

Em-balm'iii$g.  [From  en , “in,”  and 
balm,  a word  used  somewhat  vaguely  for 
any  “fragrant  ointment”  or  “aromatic 
substance.”]  A process  by  which  a dead 
body  is  preserved  against  putrefaction. 
This  process  originally  consisted  in  im- 
pregnating the  body  with  balsams  or 
spices. 

Einboitement  (Fr.),  oM'bw&t'mbNa'. 
[From  boite,  a “ box.”]  The  situation 
of  one  box  within  another.  A term 
used  by  Bonnet  to  designate  that  theory 
of  generation  by  which  thousands  of 
individuals  are  supposed  to  lie  one  within 
the  other,  each  possessing  a complete 
series  of  organized  parts. 

Em-bo'li-a.;i:'  [From  ev,  “in”  or 
“into,”  and  daWcj,  to  “throw,”  to 
“thrust.”]  A term  employed  by  Virchow 
to  denote  the  obstruction  of  an  artery  or 
vein  in  consequence  of  a piece  or  c’ot  of 
coagulated  blood  being  lodged  in  it. 
See  Embolus,  and  Thrombosis. 

Em-bolic.  [Embol'icus.]  Pertain- 
ing to  Embolia. 

Em'bo-lisxn.  [Embolis'mus.]  The 

same  as  Embolia,  which  see. 

Ean'bo-3tis.*  [See  Embolia.]  Lite- 
rally, “any  thing  thrown  or  thrust  in,” 
as  a wedge  or  stopper.  Applied  to  a piece 
of  coagulum,  which  has  been  formed  in 
the  large  vessels  in  certain  morbid  con- 
ditions, and  has  afterwards  been  forced 
into  one  of  the  smaller  arteries  so  as  to 
obstruct  the  circulation.  See  Thrombus. 

Embonpoint  (Fr.),  oM'b6NQ'pwaNQ\ 
Plumpness  or  fulness  of  flesh. 

16* 


Em-bro-ciition.  [Embroca'tio, 

o 'nix ; from  ipfipexo),  to  “soak.”]  A fluid 
application  for  rubbing  on  any  part. 

Esii'bry-o,  o '»?«.*  [Gr.  epZpuov;  from 
ivf  “ within,”  and  £ptia),  to  “ swell  as  buds,” 
to  “grow.”]  Literally,  “that  which 
grows  within.”  The  foetus  in  utero,  be- 
fore the  fifth  month  of  pregnancy.  Also, 
the  germ  of  a plant:  the  corculum. 

Em-bry-oe  to-ny.  [From  spSpuov,  a 
“foetus,”  and  ktuvoj,  to  “kill.”]  The 
same  as  Embryotomy. 

Em-bry-oge-my.  [From  em'bryo, 
and  yevio,  to  “ be  born  or  produced.”]  The 
formation  or  production  of  an  embryo. 

Em-bry-o^'ra-pUfiy.  [Embryo- 
g-ra'pfltia;  from  cfip  ov,  a “foetus,”  and 
ypjt0co,  to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
foetus. 

Em-bry-ol  o-gy.  [Embryolo'gia ; 

from  epHpov,  a “foetus,”  and  Adyo;,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  foetus. 

Em'bry-o-nate.  [Embryona'tus ; 

from  em'bryo.]  Having  an  embryo,  germ, 
or  corculum. 

Eni-bry-ot'o-Biiy.  [Embryoto'- 
maa;  from  epSp  oj,  a “foetus,”  and  ripra), 
to  “cut.”]  The  destruction  or  separa- 
tion of  any  part  or  parts  of  the  foetus  in 
utero , where  circumstances  exist  to  pre- 
vent delivery  in  the  natural  way. 

Eiii-bry-«sl'ei-a.*  [From  ipZpvov,  a 
“foetus,”  and  £X*a>,  to  “draw.”]  The 
drawing  or  extracting  of  the  foetus, 
generally  by  destructive  instruments,  in 
order  to  effect  delivery  : embryul'cy. 

E-iner'sus.*  [From  emer'yo,  emer'- 
sum,  to  “rise  out,”  as  from  water.] 
Applied  to  leaves  and  flowers  that  are 
above  the  surface  of  the  water. 

Em'er-y.  A variety  of  Corundum. 
The  powder,  attached  to  brown  paper, 
called  emery-paper , is  used  for  polishing, 
for  preparing  razor-strops,  etc. 

Em 'e-sis,*  or  E-me'si-a.*  [From 
epiio,  to  “vomit.”]  The  act  of  vomiting. 

E-met'ic.  ^ [Emet'ieus;  from  the 
same.]  (Fr.  Emetiqne,  a'mAtek'.)  Hav- 
ing power  to  excite  vomiting.  Also,  a 
medicine  which  causes  vomiting. 

E-met-i-co-lo'gi-a.*  [From  emet'i - 
cus,  “emetic,”  and  Xoyoj,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  emetics. 

Em'e-tin,  or  Em'e-tine.  [Emeti'- 
aaa;  from  emet'icus , “emetic.”]  The 
principle  on  which  the  emetic  virtues  of 
ipecacuan  depend. 

Emetique.  See  Emetic. 

Em-el-ol'o-gy.  The  doctrine  or  sci- 
ence of  emetics. 

E-mis'sion.  [Einls'sio,  o'nis;  from 
181 


EMM 


EMP 


e,  “out”  or  “forth,”  and  mit'to,  mis' sum,  to 
“send”  or  “throw.”]  A sending  forth. 

Eiis-men  a-gogue.  [Emmenago  - 

g'tis;  from  ippnvia,  the  “menses,”  and 
aycj,  to  “lead  or  carry  away.”]  Hav- 
ing power  to  excite  the  discharge  of  the 
catamenia. 

Em-ine'ni-a.*  [Gr.  ipprivia ; from  iv, 
“in,”  “at,”  “by,”  and  pr/v,  a “month.”] 
The  menses,  or  catamenial  discharge. 

Em-me-nol  o-gy.  [Emnienolo'- 
gia;  from  ippivia,  the  “menses,”  and 
A 6yo;,  a “discourse.”]  That  branch  of 
Physiology  which  treats  of  menstruation. 

E-inoi'li-ent.  [Einol' liens,  plu- 
ral Eiiiollieia'tia;  from  einol' lio , to 
“soften.”]  Softening  or  soothing  an 
irritated  surface,  or  one  harsh  from 
dryness.  Emollient  applications  consist 
chief!  3r  of  oils,  fomentations,  poultices, etc. 

Em-pa-tflie'ma,  a tis.%  [From  epnaOfig, 
“in  a passion  or  violent  emotion.”]  Un- 
governable passion;  including  excite- 
ment, depression,  and  hair-brained  pas- 
sion, or  the  manie  sans  delire  of  Pinel. 

Empetraceav*  em-pe-tra'she-e.  A 
small  natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs, 
found  in  Europe  and  America. 

Em'plily-sifs.^  [From  iv,  “in”  or 
“on,”  and  ipXvoig,  an  “eruption.”]  A 
vesicular  tumor  or  eruption  on  the  skin. 

Em-plsy'ma,  a tis.*  [From  iv,  “in” 
or  “ within,”  and  (pvo),  to  “produce,”  to 
‘‘grow.”]  A tumor  originating  below 
the  integuments. 

Em-phy-senia,  sit  is. % [From  ipupv- 
cact),  to  “inflate.”]  A collection  of  air  in 
the  cellular  texture  under  the  skin,  or 
beneath  the  pleural  and  interlobicular 
cellular  tissue  of  the  lungs. 

Em-pliy-sem  'a-tous.  [Einphy- 
semato'sus;  from  emphyse'ma.]  Of 
the  nature  of  emphysema. 

Em-pir'ic.  [Empir'icus;  from  ip- 
•ncipiKoq,  “experienced,”  “experimental.”] 
A practitioner  whose  skill  is  the  result 
of  mere  experience.  Generally  used 
synonymously  for  a “quack.” 

Em-pir'I-cal.  [Empir'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  an  empiric,  or  to  a quack. 

[Empiricis'nius; 
from  ipnapia,  “experience.”]  (Fr.  Empi- 
risme,  oM'p&'r£zm\)  The  knowledge  of 
physic  acquired  by  experience  alone,  as 
contradistinguished  from  that  in  which 
a thorough  acquaintance  with  general 
principles  (such  as  the  great  laws  of 
physiology,  chemistry,  etc.)  is  combined 
with  the  knowledge  derived  from  expe- 
rience; commonly  applied,  however,  to 
quackery. 

182 


Em-plas'trtini,*  plural  Em-plas'- 
tra.  [Gr.  epnXaor^os ; from  iv,  “on,”  and 
■nXaocu),  to  “form,”  to  “mould,”  to 
“spread.”]  (Fr.  Empldtre,  oM'pl&tit'.)  A 
plaster  of  any  kind : usually  formed  of 
a solid  tenacious  compound,  adhesive  at 
the  ordinary  temperature  of  the  human 
body. 

The  limits  of  Ihe  present  work 
forbid  the  insertion  of  all  the  Emplastra 
of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia.  Only  a few, 
the  directions  for  the  preparation  of 
which  are  comparatively  simple  and 
brief,  are  here  given.  For  the  others 
the  inquirer  is  referred  to  pp.  135-142 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia. 

Eniplas'truni  Acl-hse-si'vunn.* 
The  Emplastrum  Resina,  which  see. 

Emplas  trum  Ar'nl-^ae.*  (“Plas- 
ter of  Arnica.”)  Take  of  alcoholic  extract 
of  arnica,  a troyounce  and  a half,  resin 
plaster,  three  troy  ounces.  Add  the  ex- 
tract to  the  plaster,  previously  melted  by 
means  of  a water-bath,  and  mix  them. 

Emplas  trum  Pi'cis  Bur-gun'di- 
(“Plaster  of  Burgundy  Pitch.”) 
Take  of  Burgundy  Pitch,  seventy-two 
troyounces;  yellow  wax,  six  troyounces. 
Melt  them  together,  strain,  and  stir  con- 
stantly until  they  thicken  on  cooling. 

Emplas'triiin  Pi'cis  Caii-a-clcn'- 
sis.*  (“Plaster  of  Canada  Pitch,  or 
Hemlock  Pitch.”)  The  directions  for 
preparing  this  plaster,  and  the  propor- 
tion of  the  ingredients,  are  the  same  as 
the  preceding,  with  the  single  exception 
that  Canada  Pitch  is  substituted  for 
Burgundy  Pitch. 

Enip  las'  t rum  Re-si 'use*  (“Plaster 
of  Resin”),  commonly  called  Adhesive 
Plaster,  or  Resin  Plaster.  Take  of  resin 
in  fine  powder,  six  troyounces;  plaster 
of  lead,  thirty-six  troyounces.  To  the 
plaster,  melted  over  a gentle  fire,  add 
the  resin,  and  mix  them. 

Emplatre,  om'platit'.  The  French 
word  for  “plaster.”  See  Emplastrum. 

Em-pres'ina, a tis.%  [From  iv,  “ with- 
in,” and  npridio,  to  “burn.”]  Internal  in  - 
flammation ; a term  employed  in  its  sim- 
ple sense  by  Hippocrates,  and  revived  by 
Hr.  Good  as  a generic  term  for  all  those 
visceral  inflammations  generally  distin- 
guished by  the  suffix  -it is. 

Em-pros-thot'o-iios.*  [From  fy- 
npooBcs,  “forwards,”  and  reivu,  to 
“stretch.”]  Literally,  “a  stretching  o* 
bending  forwards.”  A variety  of  Tetanus. 

Em-py-e'ma.  a tis*  [From  iv,  “ with- 
in,” and  Trios,  “pus.”]  A collection  cf 
pus  in  the  cavity  of  the  chest. 


EMP 


END 


Eain-py-e'sis.*  [From  ipirvia),  to  " sup- 
purate.”] A genus  of  diseases  charac- 
terized by  phlegmonous  pimples,  which 
gradually  till  with  purulent  fluid : as 
Variola,  Varicella,  etc. 

Em'py-o-^ele.5  [From  iv,  "in,”  nvov, 
"pus,”  and  K>j\r),  a "tumor.”]  A collec- 
tion of  pus  within  the  scrotum. 

Em-py-owi'pllia-lMS.*  [From  iv, 
“in,”  7 rvov,  “pus,”  and  dp^aXoq,  the 
"navel.”]  A collection  of  pus  about 
the  navel. 

Em-py-refk'ma,  a tis.*  [From  e/v ru- 
pcvu),  to  "kindle.”]  A peculiar  disagree- 
able smell  of  animal  and  vegetable  mat- 
ter when  burned  in  close  vessels. 

Em-pj^-reu-mat/ic.  [Eanpyr«&i- 
mat'icus.]  Belonging  to  empyreuma. 

E-niail'&ent.  [Emul'gens,  era 'tis  ; 
from  emul'geo,  emxil'snm,  to  "milk  out.”] 
Straining  through.  Applied  to  the  ves- 
sels of  the  kidneys,  supposed  to  strain 
the  serum  through  the  kidneys. 

E-znuI'sin,  or  E-unral'siiie.  The 
same  as  Amygdalin,  which  see. 

E-mul'sion.  [Easml'sio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  expressed  oil  of 
seeds,  or  kernels,  diffused  through  water 
by  the  medium  of  the  sugar,  mucilage, 
and  fecula  which  they  contain. 

E-aranaic'fco-ry.  [Eimiracfto'riaas ; 
from  emun'go,  emunc'  turn , to  " carry  off.”] 
Applied  to  the  excretory  ducts  of  the 
body. 

En  (ev).  A Greek  preposition  signi- 
fying "in,”  or  "within.”  Before  b,  m, 
and/j,  it  is  changed  to  m;  as,  Embolus, 
something  which  is  "thrown  into”  the 
arteries,  veins,  etc. 

En-ae-®-re'ma,  at  is.*  [From  ivaiopio- 
pcu,  to  "float.”]  The  nubecula  which 
floats,  or  is  suspended,  in  the  middle  of 
the  urine. 

En-am'cl.  (Fr.  Email,  &'mal\)  Avery 
hard,  compact,  white  substahce,  investing 
the  crown  of  the  teeth.  See  Tooth. 

Eai-ara-tHie'sis.*  [From  iv,  and  avQSoj, 
to  "blossom.”]  Rash  exanthem,  in- 
cluding scarlet  fever,  measles,  and  nettle- 
rash. 

Era-ar-tSiro'sis.*  [From  iv,  "in,” 
and  apQpov,  a "joint.”]  The  ball-and- 
socket  joint.  A variety  of  the  class 
Diarthroses. 

ZEai-can'tlhLiis.*  [From  iv , "in,”  and 
kciv9o;,  the  "angle  of  the  eye.”]  A small 
red  excrescence  on  the  Caruncula  lach- 
rymals and  semilunar  fold  of  the  Con- 
junctiva. 

Encantlms.  See  Excanthis. 

En-^epli-a-la'ta.*  [From  enceph’- 


alon,  the  "brain.”]  A name  sometimes 
applied  to  the  Vertebrata,  or  highest  of 
the  grand  divisions  of  animals,  com- 
prising such  as  have  a brain  enclosed  in 
a case  of  bone. 

Era-$eph-a-li'tis,  i die.*  [From  iy- 
KstiaXos,  the  "brain.”]  Inflammation  of 
the  brain  and  its  membranes. 

Era-£epIi'a-llo-$efle.*  [From  iyKEpa- 
Xof,  the  "brain,”  and  xn\r},  a "tumor.”] 
Protrusion  of  a portion  of  the  brain 
through  a preternatural  opening  in  the 
skull : Hernia  cerebri. 

En-$eph'a-Ioid.  [Emcepltoatoa'- 
des;  from  iyictydSos,  the  "brain.”]  Re- 
sembling the  substance  of  the  brain. 

Eai-^eph-a-Bo-flo'g,S-a.';:':’  [From  iy- 
K£(()a\oi,  the  "brain,”  and  \6yog,  a "dis- 
course.”] A description  of  the  brain ; 
also,  the  science  of  the  brain : encepha- 
lol'ogy. 

En-$ep&i-a-lo'no$,  a tis.*  [From  iy- 
K£<pa\og,  the  "brain.”]  The  Hernia  cerebri. 

Era-$epBi'a-B<»ra.*  [Gr.  iyictyaXov;  from 
iyidcjxiXog,  the  "brain.”]  The  brain  ; the 
contents  of  the  skull,  consisting  of  the 
cerebrum,  cerebellum,  medulla  oblongata, 
and  membranes. 

Em-$ep5a-a-lo'sis.*  The  progress  of 
Encephaloma. 

EQi*€honi*dro'ina,  a tis*  [From  iv, 
"in”  or  "within,”  and  x bvdpog,  a "carti- 
lage.”] A cartilaginous  tumor  or  growth 
proceeding  from  the  bones,  and,  there- 
fore, deep  "within.” 

Em-eBaoii'drws.*  [From  iv,  "in,” 
and  xovSpog, a " cartilage also,  a " grain.”] 
Cartilaginous : enchon'drous.  Also, 

having  grains:  granular. 

Em-^yst'ed.  [From  iv,  "in,”  and  kvj- 
rig,  a " bag.”]  Enclosed  in  a cyst,  or  sac. 

En-dem'ic,  Eai-de'iraa-al.  [Ea- 
dem'icns,  or  Eadc'mins;  from  iv, 
"in,”  and  Srjpog,  a "people,”  a " district.”] 
Belonging  to  a particular  district. 

Em-de^'mie,  Era-deB*”iraa£'ie.  [En« 
der'miens,  or  Endermat'icus;  from 
iv,  "in”  or  "on,”  and  dippa,  the  "skin.”] 
Applied  to  the  method  of  rubbing  medi- 
cines into  the  skin,  or  sprinkling  them 
on  the  denuded  surface  where  a blister 
has  previously  been  formed. 

Era-d©-l*a,aii-etai-a'tras.*  [From  ev- 
b ov,  "within,”  and  ppayxia,  "gills.”]  En- 
dobran'chiate.  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Endobranehia'ta ) to  a family  of 
Anellata  which  have  no  external  bran- 
chi  se. 

Era-dra-caar'di-al.  [Eaidocardia'lis ; 

from  evbov,  "within,”  and  Kapbca,  the 
"heart.”]  Within  the  heart. 


183 


END 


ENS 


En-do-car-di'tis,  i dis*  [From  the 
same.]  Inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  heart. 

En-do-car'di-um.*  [From  the  same.] 
The  lining  membrane  of  the  heart. 

En'do-carp.  [Endocar'pus ; from 
svdov,  “within,”  and  Kaunas,  “fruit.”] 
Applied  in  Botany  to  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  a pericarp  : the  putamen. 

En-do-gas-tri'tis,  i dis*  [From  cv- 
tiov,  “ within,”  and  yaarfip,  the  “ stomach.”] 
Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 

En'do-g’en.  An  endogenous  plant. 

Eii'do^'e-nous.  [Endog'enu§; 

from  cvbov,  “within,”  and  ycv a>,  to  “be 
born,”  to  “grow.”]  Applied  to  stems  in 
which  the  new  matter  by  which  they 
increase  in  diameter  is  added  at  the 
centre.  The  palm-tree  is  an  example 
of  an  endogenous  plant. 

En-do-lym'plm.*  [From  mW,“  with- 
in,” and  lym'pha,  “water.”]  The  small 
portion  of  fluid  in  the  labyrinth  of  the 
ear:  en'dolymph. 

En'do-plast.  [Endoplas'ta ; from 
tviov,  “within,”  and  nXaaau ),  to  “form.”] 
The  contents  of  animal  and  vegetable 
cells,  consisting  of  vesicular  bodies,  into 
which  much  nitrogen  enters. 

En-do-pleii'ra.'*  [From  evdov , “ with- 
in,” and  7 r\cvpa,  the  “side.”]  Collectively, 
the  three  coats  of  the  seed,  which  in  the 
ovule  were  the  Tercine,  Quartine,  and 
Quin  tine. 

En-do-rhi'zous.  [Endorki'zus ; 

from  evdov,  “within,”  and  pi^oco,  to  “take 
root.”]  Having  the  radicle  enclosed  in 
a sheath. 

En'do-Skel'e-ton.  [From  evdov, 
“ within,”  and  okcXctov , a “skeleton.”] 
The  ordinary  skeleton  of  Vertehrata. 

En-dos'mic.  [Endos'micns.]  Be- 
longing to  endosmose. 

En-dos-inom 'c-ter.  [Endosmom'- 
etriim;  from  endosmo’ 8\8,  and  perpov,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  instrument  for  show- 
ing the  gradual  progress  of  endosmose, 

En-dos-vnose'.  [Endosino'sis; 
from  evdov,  “in”  or  “within,”  and  coopdg, 
“impulsion.”]  A peculiar  movement  in 
liquids  separated  by  a membrane,  by 
which  the  rarer  fluid  passes  through  the 
membranous  partition  into  the  cavity 
containing  the  denser  fluid.  This  term 
is  given  to  the  action  of  the  liquid  ab- 
sorbed internally. 

Eii'do-Kpenn.  [Endosper'ina,  a tis; 
from  evdov,  “ within,”  and  aneppa , a “ seed.”] 
The  albumen  between  the  integuments 
and  the  embryo. 

184 


En'dos-tome.  [Endos'toma,  at?**; 
from  evdov,  “within,”  and  or  opa,  a 
“mouth.”]  The  inner  opening  of  the 
ovula. 

En'dos-tome.  [Endosto'ma,  at  is  ; 

from  evdov,  “within,”  and  osteo'ma.]  A 
chronic  tumor  within  a bone. 

Enduat.  See  Coated. 

Enecia,*  e-ne'she-a.  [From  tiveKfis, 
“continuous.”]  A generic  term  employed 
by  Dr.  Good  to  denote  continued  fever. 

En'e-ma,  a tis*  [From  evir/pt,  to  “in- 
ject.”] A medicine  thrown  into  the 
rectum;  a clyster,  or  glyster;  an  injec- 
tion. 

En-ep-I-der'mic.  [From  ev,  “on,” 
and  epidermis,  the  “cuticle.”]  A term 
denoting  the  application  of  medicines, 
such  as  plasters,  blisters,  etc.,  to  the 
skin.  See  Endermic. 

En'er-gy.  [Ener'gia;  from  ivepyeio, 
to  “be  active.”]  The  force  exercised  by 
any  power:  as,  nervous  energy,  vital 
energy,  etc. 

E-ner'vaMng  (or  en'er-vat-ing). 
[Ener'vans  ; from  ener'vo , enema' turn , 
to  “weaken.”]  Destroying  the  energy 
of  the  nervous  system. 

E-ner'vis,*  E-ner'vI-us.*  [From 
e,  negative,  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”] 
Having  no  rib,  or  nerve  : ener'vious. 

Enfant,  Enfanoe.  See  Infant,  and 
Infancy. 

Engelure,  oNzh'liiR'.  The  French 
term  for  Chilblain,  which  see. 

En-g-or&c'inent.  [From  the  French 
enc/orcjer,  to  “choke  up.”]  A state  of 
vascular  congestion. 

En-ne-a-gyn'i-ous,  or  En-ne-ag'- 
yn-ous.  [Eiinea^yn'ins;  from  iwca , 
“nine,”  and  ywr\,  a “woman”  or  “fe- 
male.”] Applied  to  an  order  of  plants 
having  nine  pistils. 

En-ne-an'dri-a.-  [From iwca,  “nine,” 
and  aurip , “mkn”  or  “male.”]  The  ninth 
class  of  plants  in  Linnaeus’s  system,  com- 
prising those  which  have  nine  stamens. 

En-ne-a-pet'a-lous.  [Ennoapet- 
alns:  from  iwca , “nine,”  and  v eraXov,  a 
“petal.”]  Having  nine  petals. 

Ennui  (Fr.),  &n'we\  Weariness;  irk- 
someness ; languor  of  mind  from  the 
lack  of  occupation. 

E-node'.  [Eno'dis;  from  e,  nega- 
tive, and  no'dns,  a “knot.”]  Having  no 
knots,  or  joints. 

En-os-to'sis.*  [From  ev,  “in,”  and 
darcoy,  a “bone.”]  A tumor  occurring  in 
the  medullary  canal  of  a bone. 

Ens.  [The  present  participlo  of  esTsc, 
to  “ bo.”]  A term  in  Chemistry  de- 


ENS 


ENT 


noting  a substance  supposed  to  contain 
in  a small  compass  all  the  virtues  of  the 
ingredients  from  which  it  is  extracted. 

En'sate*  [Ensa'tiis;  from  en'sis,  a 
“ sword.”]  Having  the  form  of  a sword. 
Applied  to  an  order  or  division  of  plants. 

En 'si-la  ran.  [Ensafor'mis ; from 
en'sis,  a “sword.”]  Like  a sword.  See 
Xiphoid. 

En'siforan  Car'ti-la&e#  The  carti- 
laginous extremity  of  the  sternum,  or 
breast-bone. 

Ens  Mar'tis,-  Fer  riun  Am-ino- 
ni-a'tuin.*  Ainmoniated  iron,  or  mar- 
tial flowers  of  the  muriate  of  ammonia 
and  iron. 

Ens-pri'mum.*  A name  given  by 
the  alchemists  to  a tincture  which  they 
supposed  to  have  the  power  of  transmu- 
ting the  metals. 

Eats  Ven'e-ris.*  [From  Ve’nus,  an 
alchemical  name  for  “copper.”]  The 
ancient  designation  of  the  muriate  of 
ammonia  and  copper. 

En-ta'si-a.*  [From  evraoig,  a “vio- 
lent straining.”]  Applied  by  Good  as  a 
generic  name  for  trismus,  tetanus,  etc. 

Em 'ta-sis.*  [From  iirrtiv o>,  to  “stretch.”] 
A term  denoting  tension,  and  applied  by 
Good  to  constrictive  spasm,  cramp, 
locked-jaw,  etc. 

Em'ter-a.*  [From  hrepa,  the  plural 
of  tvrepoif,  an  “intestine.”]  The  bowels, 
or  intestines. 

Em-ter-ftl'gi-a.*  [From  zvrzpov,  an 
“intestine,”  and  u\yo ;,  “pain.”]  En'- 
teralgy.  Nervous  pain  in  the  bowels. 

En-t$r'ic.  [Emter'icus  s from  zvtz- 
pov , an  “intestine.”]  (Fr.  Enterique , on°'- 
td'r^k'.)  Belonging  to  the  intestines. 

En-ter'i-ca.*  [From  the  same.]  An 
order  in  Good’s  Nosology,  comprising 
diseases  of  the  alimentary  canal. 

En-ter-i'tis,  id  is  S'  [From  the  same.] 
Inflammation  of  the  bowels.  A genus 
of  the  order  Phfegmaside , class  Pyrexise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Em'ter-o-^ele.*  [From  evrzpov,  an 
“ intestine,”  and  a “ tumor.”]  Hernia 
in  which  a portion  of  intestine  is  pro- 
truded. 

En-ter-og^'ra-phy.  [Eaiteirogra'- 
plaia;  from  srrspos,  an  “intestine,”  and 
yphfxo,  to  “describe.”]  A description  of 
the  intestines. 

Em-ter-o-li-ttii'a-sis.*  [From  ivtz- 
pov,  an  “intestine,”  and  Xtdiamg,  “forma- 
tion of  stone.”]  The  formation  of  intes- 
tinal concretions. 

En-ter-ol  i-thus.*  [From  evrepov , an 
“ intestine,”  and  \idog,  a “stone.”]  Any 


kind  of  concretion  generated  in  tho 
stomach  and  bowels. 

En-ter-ol  'o-gy  • [Emtei’olo'gia ; 
from  ivTipott,  an  “intestine,”  and  A oyog,  a 
“ discourse.”]  That  branch  of  science 
(anatomical  or  physiological)  which 
treats  of  the  intestines. 

Eii-tpr^ora-pliy.  [ Em  tcrora ' pli  b a ; 
from  eurepov,  an  “ intestine,”  and  pa-/>i7,  a 
“suture.”]  The  stitching  or  sewing  to- 
gether of  the  divided  edges  of  the  intes- 
tine. 

En  ter-or-rBia'gi-a.*  [From  evrepov, 
an  “intestine,”  and  pnyi/vfju,  to  “burst 
forth.”]  Intestinal  haemorrhage. 

En  4er-or-rti<e'a.*  [From  evrepov, 
an  “intestine,”  and  pzio,  to  “flow.”] 
Undue  increase  of  the  mucous  secretion 
of  the  intestines. 

En-ter-os'-eBie-o-^eBe.'*  [From  zvte- 
pov,  an  “ intestine,”  oaxeov,  the  “ scrotum,” 
and  KriXr),  a “ tumor.”]  Scrotal  hernia. 

En-tcr-ot  o- my.  [ Enterota  mia; 
from  evrepov,  an  “intestine,”  and  rzpvcj, 
to  “cut.”]  Any  cutting  operation  on 
the  intestines. 

En-tter-o-zo'on.*  [From  zvrzpov,  an 
“intestine,”  and  {,wov,  an  “animal.”] 
An  animal  living  in  the  intestines, 

Em-lliet'ic.  [Enthet'icus ; from 
lv,  “in,”  and  riOnpu,  to  “place.”]  Applied 
to  diseases  arising  from  a morbific  virus 
being  placed  or  implanted  in  the  system, 
as  syphilis,  leprosy,  etc. 

En-to»mo^  ra-ph^.  [Entomogra'- 
pBiia;  from  zvropov,  an  “insect,”  and 
ypaipw,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  in- 
sects. 

En'to*mokl.  [En4omoi'<les;  from 

i ivTopov , an  “insect,”  and  e'idog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  an  insect. 

Eniomofiine.  See  Chitixa. 

En-to-inol'o-gy.  [Entomolo'gia; 
from  zvropov,  an  “insect,”  and  A oyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  of  insects. 

En-to-mom'e-ter.  [Entoinom- 
elrtisn;  from  zvropov , an  “insect,”  and 
pzrpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  measuring  the  parts  of  insects. 

Eai-to-anopti'a-goiis.  [Esitomopti'- 
agus;  from  evropo <>,  an  “insect,”  and 
(f>'iy(o,  to  “eat.”]  Eating,  or  feeding  on, 
insects. 

Efli-to-mos'tra-eoMS.  [Entomos'< 
tracais;  from  zvropov,  an  “insect,”  and 
oerpavov,  a “shell.”]  Insects  with  shells. 
Applied  to  a class  or  division  of  Crustacea. 

En-to-mot'o-my^.  [EntomoAo'mia 

from  zvropov,  an  “insect,”  and  rzpv w,  t# 
“cut.”]  The  dissection  of  insects. 

En-top3i'y-tous.  [Entopla'ytus 

185 


ENT 


EPI 


from  cvrog,  “ within/’  and  (pvrdv,  a “ plant.”] 
Growing  within  a plant.  Applied  to 
parasitical  fungi. 

En-top-ter'y-g’Oid.  [Entoptery- 

g-oi'des;  from  cvrog,  “ within,”  and ptery- 
goi'des.]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the  internal 
pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

En-to-zo'a,*  the  plural  of  Entozoon. 

En-to-zo'on.*  [From  cvrog,  “ with- 
in,” and  Z,wov,  an  “ animal.’’]  An  animal 
that  lives  within  another.  Applied  in 
the  plural  ( Entozo'a ) to  a class  or  di- 
vision of  radiated  animals.  Among  the 
most  important  and  common  Entozoa 
are  the  Tse'nia  so' Hum  (the  ordinary 
tape-worm),  the  As'caris  lumbricoi'  des, 
the  As'caris  v ermicula'  ris  (or  thread- 
worm), and  the  Dis'toma  hepat'icum. 

Eii-tro'pi-um.:;:‘  [From  cv,  “in,”  and 
rphw,  to  “turn.”]  A disease  in  which 
the  eyelash  and  eyelid  are  turned  in  to- 
wards the  eyeball. 

E-nu'cle-ate.  [Enuclea'tus;  from 
e,  “out  of,”  and  nu'cleus , a “kernel.”] 
Applied  to  tumors  taken  from  the  sub- 
stance in  which  they  were  imbedded, 
like  a kernel  from  its  shell. 

En-u-re'sis.*  [From  evo^pco,  to  “be 
incontinent  of  urine.”]  Incontinency 
of  urine.  A genus  of  the  order  Apoce- 
noses , class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

E'o-cene.  [From  ccog,  the  “dawn.” 
and  xaivog,  “recent.”]  The  lower  tertiary 
strata,  regarded  as  the  beginning  or 
dawn  of  the  existing  (or  recent)  condition 
of  creation,  on  account  of  the  small  pro- 
portion of  living  species  of  animals  found 
in  them. 

Epacridacese,*  e-pak-re-da'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  Exogens,  mostly 
shrubs,  found  in  Australia  and  Polynesia. 
They  are  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of 
the  flowers. 

Ep-an'e-tus.*  [From  havirjpt,  to 
“relax,”  to  “remit.”]  A term  denoting 
“remittent,”  and  applied  by  Dr.  Good  to 
remittent  fever,  including  the  mild  form, 
the  malignant  form,  and  hectic  fever. 

Ep-esi-^e-plial ' ic.  [Epenceplial 
icus;  from  cm,  “upon,”  and  cyxc<pa\o g, 
the  “brain.”]  Situated  on  or  over  the 
contents  of  the  head  or  the  brain.  Ap- 
plied the  same  as  Neuroccipital. 

Ep  -en'dy-ma,af /«.*#'  [From  hcvdvw,  to 
“clothe  upon,”  to  “cover.”]  Literally, 
an  “upper  garment.”  The  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  ventricles  of  the  brain;  also, 
that  of  the  cerebro- spinal  axis. 

Epli'e-lis,i:  plural  E-plicl'i-deS. 

[From  hi,  “upon,”  and  j'Atoj,  the  “sun.”] 
Freckles.  See  ^Estates. 

186 


E-phem'e-ra.*  [From  hi,  “for,” 
and  ifytipa,  a “day.”]  A fever  which  runs 
its  course  of  the  cold,  hot,  and  sweating 
stages  in  twelve  hours. 

Ephemera  is  also  the  name  of  a genus 
of  insects  (popularly  called  the  “day- 
fly”),  the  entire  period  of  whose  exist- 
ence, in  their  perfect  state,  is  only  about 
twenty-four  hours. 

E-phem'e-ral.  [Ephem'erus;  from 
the  same.]  Enduring  one  day.  See 
Ephemera. 

Epfit-I-ar  te&.*  [From  i(pa\\opai,  to 
“leap  upon.”]  Nightmare,  or  incubus: 
a distressing  state  of  feeling  during 
sleep,  as  of  fright,  and  inability  to  call 
for  help  : Oneirodyn'ia  gra’vans. 

Eph-I-dro'sis.*  [From  hi,  inten- 
sive, and  t(5pow,  to  “sweat.”]  Violent, 
morbid  perspiration.  A genus  of  the 
order  Apocenoses,  class  Locales , of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

Ephippium.  See  Sella  Turcica. 

Ep'I.  A Greek  preposition  signifying 
“on”  or  “upon,”  “over,”  “at,”  “by,” 
“for,”  “after.”  It  is  sometimes  inten- 
sive. The  final  i is  generally  dropped 
before  a word  beginning  with  a vowel 
or  with  h,  as  Epencepkalic  for  Epienee- 
phalic  ; Ephidrosis  for  Ephihidrosis,  etc. 

Ep'i-an.  The  same  as  Frambcesia, 
which  see. 

Ep-I-foraii'<*hi-al.  [Epibrancliia'- 
lis;  from  hi,  “upon,”  and  brauchia’/is, 
“ branchial.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the 
upper  portion  of  the  branchial  arch. 

Ep-i-can'tliiis.*  [From  hi,  “upon,” 
and  xavQog,  the  “corner  of  the  eye.”]  A 
fold  of  skin  covering  the  inner  canthus. 

Ep'I-carp.  [Epicar'pus;  from  hi, 
“upon,”  and  xapnog,  “fruit.”]  The  ex- 
ternal covering  of  the  pericarp,  commonly 
called  the  skin  of  fruits. 

Ep-I-car 'pi-urn.*  The  same  as  E pi- 
carp,  which  see. 

Ep-i-cliro'sis.*  [From  hi,  “upon,” 
and  xpofa,  to  “paint.”]  A macular  or 
spotted  state  of  the  skin,  or  a simple 
discoloration  of  its  surface. 

Ep-I-col'ic.  [Epioorions;  from 
hi,  “upon,”  and  xroXov,  the  “colon.”] 
Over  the  course  of  the  colon  on  each  side. 

Ep-I-con'dyle.  [Epicon'dylus; 
from  hi,  “upon,”  and  xdvivXog,  a “con- 
dyle.”] The  external  protuberance  of 
the  inferior  end  of  the  Os  humeri. 

Ep-I-co-roI'le-ns.*  [From  hi, 
“upon,”  and  corolla,  a “ corol.”]  Ap- 
plied to  monopetalous,  dicotyledonous 
plants,  in  which  the  stamens  are  epigyn- 
ous,  or  inserted  above  tho  ovary. 


EPI 


EPT 


Ep-I-cra'nl-al.  [Epicra'nlus.] 

Situated  on  the  cranium;  belonging  to 
the  epicranium , 

Ep-I-cra'nI-um.*  [From  ini,  “upon,” 
and  Kpaviov,  the  “cranium.”]  The  in- 
teguments, aponeurosis,  and  muscular 
expansion  upon  the  cranium;  the  scalp. 

Ep-i*cra'ni*us.i:  A name  sometimes 
given  to  the  occipito  -frontalis  muscle, 
from  its  covering  the  cranium. 

Ep-i-dem'ic.  [Epidem'icus;  from 
ini,  “upon,”  and  <5 npog,  a “people.”]  Ap- 
plied to  any  disease  which  seems  to  be 
upon  the  entire  population  of  a country 
at  one  time,  as  distinguished,  on  the  one 
hand,  from  sporadic  disease  (or  that  which 
occurs  in  insulated  cases),  and,  on  the 
other,  from  endemic  disease,  or  that  which 
is  limited  to  a particular  district. 

Ep-I-dem-I-og'ra-pUy.  [Epidem- 
io^ra'pliia;  from  epide'mia,  “epidemic 
diseases,”  and  ypd />«,  to  “write.”]  A 
description  of  epidemic  diseases. 

Ep-i-dem-I-<>r©-£y.  [Epidemio- 
lo'gda;  from  epide' mia,  “epidemic  dis- 
eases,” and  \6yo;}  a “discourse.”]  A 
dissertation  on  epidemic  diseases;  the 
science  of  epidemic  diseases. 

Ep'I-dem-y.  [Epide'mia;  from  ct-i, 
“upon,”  and  dnpog,  a “people.”]  An 
epidemic  disease. 

Ep-i-der'mic.  [Epider'micus.] 

Belonging  to  the  epidermis. 

Epidermtdold.  See  Epidermoid. 

Ep-i-der'mis,  i dis*  [From  in  i, 
“upon,”  and  Sippa,  the  “skin.”]  The 
external  covering  of  the  body;  the  cuti- 
cle, or  scarf-skin.  Applied  in  Botany 
to  a thin  membrane  covering  every  part 
of  the  plant;  also,  the  outer  covering  of 
grasses. 

Ep-i-der'moid.  [Epidermoi'des ; 

from  epider' mis,  and  eldog , a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  epidermis. 

Ep-i-did'y-mis,  i dis.*  [From  ini, 
“upon,”  and  did'ipn,  the  “testicles.”]  An 
oblong  substance  formed  by  numerous 
convolutions  of  the  Vas  deferens , at- 
tached to  the  upper  part  of  the  testicle 
by  vessels,  and  the  reflected  layer  of 
the  tunica  vaginalis, 

Ep-i-^as-tral'gi-a.*  [From  epigas- 
trium, and  ixXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
epigastrium. 

Ep-i-g-as'tric.  [Eplg’as'tricus.] 

Belonging  to  the  epigastrium. 

Ep-i-g’as'tri-um.*  [From  ini, 

“upon,”  and  yaarup,  the  “stomach.”] 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  immediately 
over  the  sromach. 

Ep-i  ■ge'an,  or  Ep-I-ge'al.  [Epi- 


ge'us;  from  ini , “upon”  or  “above,” 
and  y»7,  the  “earth.”]  Applied  to  cotyle- 
dons that  make  their  way  above  ground, 
and  appear  like  leaves. 

Ep-I-gen'e-sis.::  [From  ini , “at,” 

“on,”  or  “after,”  and  yivopai,  to  “be 
born,”  implying  that  the  existence  of 
the  new  being  commences  at  or  after  the 
act  of  conception;  while  the  pre-exist- 
ence of  the  germ  is  implied  in  the  other 
theories  stated  below.]  The  theory  that 
the  embryo  is  the  joint  production  of 
both  sexes,  as  distinguished  either  from 
the  doctrine  that  the  male  parent  fur- 
nishes the  germ  and  the  female  simply 
the  nidus , or  resting-place,  in  which  it  is 
nourished;  or  from  the  theory  that  the 
female  furnishes  the  germ,  which  is 
merely  quickened  by  the  influence  of  the 
male.  See  Generation. 

Ep-i-glot'tic.  [Epiglot'ticus.] 
Belonging  to  the  epiglottis. 

Ep-I-glot-tid  e-us.*  [From  epiglot 
tis.]  The  same  as  Epiglottic,  which  see. 

Ep-a-glot'tis,  idis*  [From  ini, 
“upon,”  and  yXcorrig,  the  “glottis,”  or 
“entrance  to  the  windpipe.”]  The  car- 
tilage at  the  root  of  the  tongue  which 
forms  a lid  or  cover  for  the  aperture  of 
the  windpipe. 

Ep-ig'y-nons.  [Epig'yniis;  from 
ini,  “above,”  arid  ywri,  a “ female ;”  re- 
ferring to  the  female  portion  of  the 
flower.]  Applied  to  stamens  when  in- 
serted above  the  ovary. 

Ep-i-hy'al.  [From  ini,  “upon”  or 
“above,”  and  hyoi'des,  “hyoid.”]  Ap- 
plied by  Owen  to  a triangular  piece  of 
bone,  pretty  constant  in  fishes,  whi.?h 
articulates  above  to  the  Stylohyal. 

Epilampsis,  or  Epilampsia.  See 
Eclampsia. 

Ep-i-lep'sy.  [Epilep'sia;  from  b.i - 
\apSavw,  to  “seize  upon.”]  A disease 
which  attacks  persons  suddenly,  con- 
sisting of  convulsions,  with  coma,  and 
generally  frothing  at  the  mouth;  the 
falling  sickness.  A genus  of  the  order 
Spasmi , class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s  No- 
sology. 

Ep-i-lep'tic.  [Epilep'ticus.]  Be- 
longing to  epilepsy. 

Epileptics©  Aura?.  See  Aura  Epi- 

LEPTICA. 

Ep-a-lep-ti-for'inis.*  [From  epi- 
lep'sia. ] Like  epilepsy : epilep'tiform. 

Ep-I-lep'toid.  [Epileptoi'des ; 

from  epilep'sia,  and  el dog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  epilepsy. 

Ep-!-meTiis.;i:  [From  ini,  “upon.” 
and  fxiipog,  the  “thigh.”]  One  of  tho 

isr 


EPI 


EPI 


lateral  pieces  of  the  thorax  in  insects. 

Epiue  (Fr.),  a'p£n'.  See  Spine. 

Ep-i-nyc'tis,*  plural  Ep-a-uyc'ti- 
lies.  [From  «ri,  “on,”  “at,”  or  “by.”] 
Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  skin  by 
night  and  disappear  during  the  day. 

Ep-I-peta-lous.  [Epipetaleus, 
Epipetalus;  from  ini,  ‘“upon,”  and  ni- 
tclXov,  a “ petal.”]  Situated  on  the  petals. 

Ep>I-phlfle'um.$  [From  ini,  “ upon,” 
and  (bXoiog , “bark.”]  The  layer  of  bark 
next  the  epidermis. 

E-pipIi'o-ra.*  [From  inupipopai,  to 
“be  borne  upon,”  to  “rush  upon  as  a 
flood.”]  A superabundant  secretion  of 
tears.  A genus  of  the  order  Apocenoses, 
class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  Also, 
an  overflowing  of  tears  in  consequence 
of  an  obstruction  of  the  lachrymal  duct. 

Ep-i-plirag'ma,  a tis*  [From  ini, 
“ upon,”  and  < ppdypa , a “ partition.”] 
The  slender  membrane  which  sometimes 
shuts  the  peristoma  of  mosses. 

Ep-l-pliyl-lo-sper'inous.  [Epi- 
phyllosper'mus;  from  ini,  “upon,” 
^vXXov,  a “leaf,”  and  enkppa,  a “seed.”] 
Having  seeds  on  the  leaves. 

Ep-i-pliyl'lous.  [Epiphyl'lns ; 
from  ini,  “upon,”  and  ivXXov,  a “leaf.”] 
Applied  to  flowers  which  grow  on  the 
surface  of  a leaf,  and  also  to  parasitical 
fungi  on  the  leaves  of  other  plants. 

E-pipBi  'y-sis,*  plural  E-pipla-y-ses. 
[From  ini,  “upon,”  and  <pmo,  to  “pro- 
duce,” to  “grow.”]  A piece  of  bone 
growing  upon  another,  as  the  bulky  ex- 
tremities of  long  bones,  which  exist,  for 
a time,  separate  from  the  shaft. 

Epi-phyte.  [Epiph'yton;  from 
ini,  “upon,”  and  Qvtov,  a “plant”  or 
“germen.”]  A parasitic  plant  or  fun- 
gus, which  grows  on  the  leaves  of  other 
plants. 

Ep-ip'lo-^ele.*  [From  ininXoov,  the 
“omentum,”  and  KfiXrj,  a “tumor.”]  Her- 
nia in  which  a portion  of  the  omentum 
is  protruded. 

Ep-i-plo'ic.  [Epiplo'icns.]  Be- 
longing to  the  epiploon,  or  omentum. 

E-pip-lo-is'citi-o-^ele.*  [From  ini- 
nXoov, the  “omentum,”  iax.iov,  the  “ischi- 
um,” and  Kri\r],  “hernia.”]  Hernia  in 
which  the  omentum  protrudes  through 
the  ischiadic  foramen. 

Ep-I-plo-i'tis,  [From  ininXoov, 

the  “omentum.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
epiploon ; also  termed  Omentitis. 

Ep-I-plo-in^r'o-^ele.*  [From  ini- 
nXoov, the  “ omentum,”  p-ipfig,  the  “ thigh,” 
and  Ki)\T),  “hernia.”]  Femoral  hernia, 
with  protrusion  of  tho  omentum. 

188 


Ep-ip-loin  'pha-lo-£ele.*  [From 

ininXoov,  the  “omentum,”  dptyaXog,  the 
“navel,”  and  nr/Xt],  “hernia.”]  Hernia, 
with  protrusion  of  the  omentum,  at  the 
navel. 

Ep-Ip'lo-on.*  [Gr.  ininXoov,  “that 
which  is  folded  upon  the  intestines:” 
allied  to  anXoog,  “without  fold,”  and 
dinXuog,  “twofold.”]  The  omentum,  or 
epiploon.  See  Omentum. 

Ep-i-plos'die-o-^ele.*  [From  ini- 
nXoov, the  “omentum,”  dexcov,  the  “scro- 
tum,” and  nriXri,  “hernia.”]  Hernia,  with 
a portion  of  omentum,  in  the  scrotum. 

E-pis' -eli e-sis,*  plural  E-pis'clie- 
ses.  [Gr.  iniox^ig;  from  inixco,  to  “hold 
up,”  to  “check,”  to  “restrain.”]  A sup- 
pression of  excretions.  An  order  of  the 
class  Locale s of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ep-i-spa'<Ii-as.*  [From  ini,  “upon,” 
and  andCoo,  to  “pierce  through.”]  An  un- 
natural perforation  of  the  penis,  the  ure- 
thra terminating  on  the  upper  part  of  it. 

Ep-i -spas' tic.  [Epispas'ticus ; 
from  imendw,  to  “ draw  upon,”  or  simply 
to  “draw.”]  (Fr.  Epispastique,  &'p&  - 
sp&s'tek'.)  Literally,  “drawing.”  Pro- 
ducing a serous  or  puriform  discharge, 
by  exciting  previous  inflammation:  on 
the  principle  of  derivation  or  revulsion. 

Epispastique.  See  Epispastic. 

Ep 'I-spenn.  [Episper'ina,  a tis; 
from  ini,  “upon,”  and  anippa,  a “seed.”] 
The  whole  integuments  of  a seed  taken 
together. 

Ep-i-staplt-y-li'mis.*  [From  ini , 

“upon,”  and  (rTcupvXfi,  the  “uvula.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  uvula:  epistaph'yline. 

Ep-i  -Stax 'is.*  [From  inioraio),  to 
“distil.”]  Bleeding  at  the  nose.  A genus 
of  the  order  Hsemorrhagise,  class  Pyrexise , 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ep-i  -ster'nai.  [Episterna'lis ; 
from  ini,  “upon,”  and  ster'num,  the 
“breast-bone.”]  Upon  or  above  the 
sternum. 

Ep-i-tho'li-al.  [Epittie'lius.]  Be- 
longing to  the  epithelium. 

Ep-i-tlie'li-um.*  [From  ini,  “upon,” 
and  OrjXh,  the  “nipple.”]  The  cuticle 
covering  the  nipple,  or  any  mucous  mem- 
brane. 

Ep'i-tticm.  [Epith'ema.ntio;  from 

ini,  “upon,”  and  ndrjpi,  to  “place.”]  A 
term  applied  to  any  kind  of  external 
application  not  comprised  under  the 
head  of  ointments  or  blisters,  such  as 
poultices,  fomentations,  etc. 

Ep-i-ty m pa-n io.  [ Epitynipnn  '- 
icus;  from  ini,  “upon,”  and  tym'pan- 
um.]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the  upper- 


EPI 


ERG 


most  subdivision  of  the  tympanic  pedicle 
which  supports  the  mandible  in  fishes. 

Ep-i-zo 'on,**  plural  Ep-I-zo'^u  The 
same  as  Ectozoon,  which  see. 

Ep-I-zo-ot'ic.  [Epizoot'icus;  from 
ini,  “upon”  or  “against,”  and  < iwoi >,  an 
“animal.”]  Applied  to  contagious  dis- 
ease attacking  numbers  of  cattle  at  the 
same  time  and  place. 

Ep-I-zo'o-ty.  [Epizoo'tia.]  Epi- 
zootic disease. 

Eponge,  i'p&Nzh\  The  French  term 
for  Sponge,  which  sec. 

Ep'soan  Salts.  The  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia. See  Magnesia  Sulphas. 

Ep-u'lis,  idis*  [From  ini,  “upon,” 
and  ov\a,  the  “gums.”]  A small  swell- 
ing on  the  gums. 

Ep-udot  ic.  [Epulot'ieus;  from 
ino  )\6cj,  to  “cicatrize.”]  Having  power 
to  cicatrize. 

Epurge,  i'pUazh'.  The  French  term 
for  Euphorbia  Lathyris,  which  see. 

E-quator.  [JEqua'tor,  o'rts;  from 
se'quo,  asqua'tum,  to  “make  equal.”]  A 
great  circle  of  the  earth,  equidistant 
from  the  two  poles,  and  separating  the 
globe  into  northern  and  southern  hemi- 
spheres. 

Eq'ut-clse.*  [From  efqnua , a “horse.”] 
Applied  to  a family  of  Mammals  having 
the  horse  for  its  type. 

E-qul-lib'ri-um.  [^Equilibrium ; 
from  se'que,  “equally,”  and  li'bro,  to 
“ balance.”]  Equipoise.  Often  applic  l 
to  the  equality  of  temperature  which  all 
bodies  on  the  earth  are  constantly  tend- 
ing to  attain  (see  Caloric),  and  to  the 
equal  distribution  of  the  electric  fluid  in 
its  natural  undisturbed  state. 

E-qui'nl-a.*  [From  er quits,  a “horse.”] 
(Fr.  Morve , monv.)  A disease  of  horses 
called  Farcy,  or  Glanders.  See  Farcy. 

E-qui-noc'tial.  [JEquinoctia'lis.] 
Belonging  to  the  equinox. 

E qul-nox.  [iEquinoc'tium;  from 
sequ'us,  “equal,”  and  nox,  “night.”]  The 
time  when  the  days  and  nights  are  of 
equal  length  all  over  the  earth. 

Equisetaceae,*  ek-we-se-ta'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  cryptogamous  plants 
(or  Gymnosperms ),  found  in  ditches  and 
moist  places.  It  includes  the  Equise'tum 
(Horse-tail),  which  is  rendered  useful 
for  polishing  furniture,  by  a large  quan- 
tity of  silex  in  the  cuticle. 

Eq-ul-se-ta'ceous.  [Equiseta'- 
ceus.]  Resembling  the  Equisetum.  See 
Equisetace^e. 

Eq'ul-tant.  [Eq'uitans;  from 
eq'uitOy  equita'tum,  to  “ride.”]  Lami- 


nated,* riding,  or  folded  one  upon  an- 
other. 

Eq-ul-ta'*a©n.  [Equita'tio,  o’nis; 

from  the  same.]  Exercise  on  horseback  ; 
riding. 

E-quiv'a«lents«  [JEquivalen'tia; 

from  sequiva'leo,  to  “be  of  like  value.”] 
The  system  of  definite  ratios  in  which 
elements  always  combine,  referred  to  a 
common  standard  reckoned  unity.  Thus, 
1 is  the  equivalent  number  of  hydrogen, 
8 of  oxygen,  28  of  lime,  20  of  magnesia, 
48  of  potash,  54  of  nitric  acid,  and  40 
of  sulphuric  acid:  hence,  if  hydrogen 
combines  with  oxygen,  it  is  always  in 
the  proportion  of  1 to  8;  so  if  nitric 
acid  is  saturated  with  lime,  the  com- 
pound (nitrate  of  lime)  will  be  in  tho 
proportion  of  54  of  the  acid  to  28  of 
lime;  the  nitrate  of  magnesia,  in  tho 
proportion  of  54  of  the  acid  to  20  of  mag- 
nesia, etc.;  so  likewise  when  sulphuric 
acid  combines  with  magnesia,  it  is  always 
in  the  proportion  of  40  to  20;  if  with 
potash,  of  40  to  48,  etc. 

Er'ba-um.*  A newly  - discovered 
metal,  occurring  along  with  yttria. 

E-rec'til©  Tissue.  [Te'la  Ercc- 
t ilis.  See  next  article.]  A peculiar  tis- 
sue, susceptible  of  erection,  or  rapid  tur- 
gescence,  by  an  increased  flow  of  blood 
to  the  part.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of 
arteries  and  veins,  the  latter  greatly 
predominating,  with  cells  or  minute  cavi- 
ties communicating  with  each  other. 

E-rec'tor,  or  is*  [From  er'iyo,  erec '- 
turn , to  “ erect.”]  Applied  to  certain 
muscles. 

Er-e-ma-cau'sis.*  [From  npeya,  by 
“degrees,”  and  namig,  a “ burning.”] 
The  slow  combustion,  or  oxidation,  to 
which  organic  bodies  are  liable. 

Er'e-ttoisin.  [Erethis'mus;  from 
epzQifa,  to  “irritate.”]  The  state  of 
increased  sensibility  and  irritability 
attending  the  early  stage  of  acute  dis- 
eases, or  the  excessive  use  of  mercury. 

Er-e-tlais'mus  Trop'i*cus.* 

(“Tropical  Erethism.”)  A name  ap- 
plied by  recent  writers  to  that  morbid 
condition  of  the  system  which  results 
from  a sunstroke. 

Ergot.  See  Ergota. 

Er-go'ta.*  [From  the  French  Erqot , 
eR'go',  “spurred  rye.”]  Er'got.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  |]  of  the  seed,  dis- 
eased by  a paras  tic  fungus,  of  Seca'le 
cerea'le,  or  rye.  Ergot  has  the  remark- 
able property  of  exciting  powerfully  the 
contractile  force  of  the  uterus,  and  it  is 
chiefly  employed  for  this  purpose.  Its 
189 


ERG 


ERY 


long-continued  use,  however,  is  highly 
dangerous.  Bread  made  of  flour  con- 
taining ergot,  has  not  unfrequently  occa- 
sioned, in  Europe,  fatal  epidemics,  usu- 
ally attended  with  dry  gangrene. 

Er'g'o-tism.  [Ei  gotis'mus.]  The 
poisonous  effects  of  ergot  of  rye. 

Ericaceae,*  er-e-ka'she-e,  or  Er'i- 
A natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs  or  under-shrubs,  found  in  Europe, 
Asia,  America,  and  South  Africa.  It  in- 
cludes the  Arbutus,  Azalea,  EWco(Heath), 
Kahnia,  Rhododendron,  and  other  genera 
prized  for  the  beauty  of  their  flowers. 
The  plants  of  this  order  are  generally 
astringent  and  diuretic. 

E-rig-'er-on.*  [From  rip,“  spring,”  and 
yipcjy,  an  “old  man;”  because  it  is  hoary 
in  spring.]  Fleabane.  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (U.S.  Pli.)  for  the  herb  of 
Erig'eron  heterophyVlum , and  of  Erig' - 
eron  PliiladeV phicum. 

Erag^eroEi  Can-a-den'se.*  Canada 
Fleabane.  The  Pharmacopceial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb  of  Erig  eron  Cana- 
dense. 

Ea’iocaMlaceae,*  e-re-o-kau-la'she-e, 
or  E-ri-o-cau-lo'ne-se.*  [From  Erio- 
eau'lon,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  endogenous  plants,  found  in 
marshes  in  Australia  and  tropical  Ame- 
rica. 

E-ro'ded.  [Ero'sns;  from  e,  “out,” 
and  ro’ do,  ro’sum,  to  “ gnaw.”]  A botani- 
cal term  signifying  “notched.” 

E-ro'dent.  [Ero'deits;  from  the 
same.]  Eating  out,  or  eating  away. 

E-ro'sion.  [Ero'sio,  o'nis  ; from 
the  same.]  An  eating  or  gnawing  away. 
Similar  to  Ulceration. 

E-rot'ic.  [Erot'iciis;  from  epcog, 
cpcoTog,  “ love.”]  Pertaining  to  love ; 
arising  from  love. 

E-ro-to-ina'ni-a.*  [From  rpwj/fl ove,” 
and  pavia,  “madness.”]  Melancholy,  or 
madness,  caused  by  love. 

Er-rat'ic.  [Errat'icus;  from  er'ro, 
erra'tum,  to  “wander.”]  Wandering; 
moving  from  one  place  to  another. 

Erreur  de  Elen.  See  Error  Loci. 

Er'rBiKne.  [ErrSii'nws ; from  cv, 
“in,”  and  piv,  the  “nose.”]  A medicine 
which  increases  the  natural  secretion  of 
the  membrane  lining  the  nose : sternu- 
tatory. 

Er  ror  Eo'ci.*  (“  Mistake  of  Place  or 
Position.”)  (Fr.  Errenr  de  Lieu,  er'ruR' 
deh  le-uh'.)  A term  formerly  applied  to 
certain  derangements  in  the  capillary 
circulation.  Boerhaave  conceived  that 
the  vessels  for  the  circulation  of  blood, 
190 


lymph,  and  serum,  were  of  different 
sizes ; and  that  when  the  larger-sized 
globules  passed  into  the  smaller  vessels 
the  obstruction  caused  inflammation. 

E-rue-ta'tion.  [Eructa'tio,  o'nis; 
from  eruc'to , eructa’lum,  to  “belch.”] 
Any  sudden  burst  of  wind,  or  liquid, 
from  the  stomach,  by  the  mouth. 

E-rupt'.  [See  next  article.]  To  burst 
through ; as  a tooth  through  the  gum. 

E-riip'tion.  [Erup'tio,  o'nis;  from 
e,  “out,”  and  rnm'po,  rup'tum,  to  “ burst” 
or  “ break.”]  A discoloration,  or  break- 
ing out  of  pimples  on  the  skin. 

E-rup'tlve  Fe'vers.  A designation 
applied  by  Dr.  Good  to  diseases  belong- 
ing to  his  order  Exanthematica. 

Er-va-Ien'ta.*  A powder  of  farina 
obtained  from  Ervum  lens,  or  common 
lentil.  The  dietetical  use  of  it  is  said  to 
prevent  constipation. 

Ervnm  Lens.  See  Ervalenta. 

E-ryn'go.  The -candied  root  of  the 
Eryn' gium  Campes'tre,  regarded  by  Boer- 
haave as  the  first  of  aperient  diuretic 
roots.  It  is  now  but  little  used. 

Er-y-sip' e-las,  a tis*  [From  ipvOpog, 
“red,”  and  ireXog,  or  7rsXXa,  a “skin.”] 
(Fr.  Etysipele,  i'le'z^'pel'  or  ^'r^'z^'pil'.) 
Redness  or  inflammation  of  some  part 
of  the  skin,  with  fever,  inflammatory 
or  typhoid,  and,  generally,  vesications 
on  the  affected  part,  and  symptomatic 
fever.  It  is  also  called  St.  Anthony’s 
Fire,  Ig'nis  Sa’cer  (“Sacred  Fire”),  the 
Rose,  and  other  names. 

Er-y-slp-e-la-tc-i'des.*  [From  ery- 
sip'clas,  and  eitog,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
erysipelas:  erysip'elatoid. 

Erysipfcle.  See  Erysipelas. 

Er-y-tlie'ma,  aft*,*  [From  ipvQaivw, 
to  “ redden.”]  (Fr.  Erytheme , i'ri'tem'.) 
Redness  of  a part;  a mere  rash  or  efflo- 
rescence not  accompanied  by  swelling, 
vesication,  or  fever. 

Erytltfcmc.  See  Erythema. 

Er-y-thrse'a.*  [From  ipvOpalog,  “ red.”] 
A genus  of  plants  of  the  class  Pentan- 
dria , natural  order  Genfianacesp. 

Erytlirae'a  Clcn-taa'rf-nin.*  The 
common  centuary,  or  Chironia  centau - 
Hum. 

E-rytln'ric  A^'icl.  [From  tpvOpdg , 
“red.”]  An  acid  obtained  by  the  action 
of  nitric  acid  on  lithic  acid,  yeliow  at 
first,  but  becoming  red  by  being  exposed 
to  the  sun’s  rays. 

Er'5th'rin,  or  Er'ytti-rlne.  [Ery- 

t hr  in  a;  from  iprOpog,  “red.”]  The 
coloring  matter  of  the  Lichen  roccella . 
See  Archil. 


ERY 


ETH 


Er-yth'rO‘gen.  [Erytliroge'- 

niuni;  from  ipvOpos,  “red,”  and  yerrdio, 
to  “generate.”]  Literally,  “that  which 
produces  red.”  Applied  to  a peculiar 
animal  principle,  considered  as  the  base 
of  the  coloring  matter  of  the  blood. 
Also,  a variety  of  Chromogen  (the  color- 
ing matter  of  vegetables)  ; because  it 
produces  a red  color  with  acids. 

Er'y-ttiroid.  [Erythroi'des;  from 
epvdpo;,  “red,”  and  eldog,  a “form,”  “re- 
semblance.”] Of  a red  color : reddish. 

Er'ytliroid  €oat.  The  vaginal  coat 
of  the  testis. 

Er'ythroid  Ves'i-cle.  An  enlarge- 
ment of  the  (future)  umbilical  cord  in 
the  embryo  of  most  of  the  Ruminantia , 
and  of  the  pig. 

E-ryth'ro-phyll,  or  Er'y-tliro- 
phylle,  called  also  Er'y-thro-phyl'- 

lin»  [From  ep>0pog,  “red,”  and  0i3A Aoy,  a 
“leaf.”]  A term  applied  by  Berzelius  to 
the  red  coloring  matter  of  fruits  and 
leaves  in  autumn. 

Er-y-tiira'sis.*  [From  £pu0poj,“ red.”] 
Pletho'ra  arterio'sa.  A form  of  plethora 
in  which  the  blood  is  rich  in  fibrin  and 
in  bright  red  pigment ; a state  corre- 
sponding in  some  measure  with  what  has 
been  termed  the  “arterial  constitution.” 

Erytliroxylaceae,*  er-e-throx-e- 
la'she-e.  [From  Erythrox'ylon,  one  of 
the  genera.]  A natural  order  of  exo- 
genous trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  South 
America  and  the  West  Indies. 

Er-y-tlirox'y-lon  Co'fca.*  A shrub 
growing  in  South  America,  the  leaves 
of  which  (known  by  the  name  of  coca) 
are  a powerful  nervous  stimulant;  so  that 
those  who  chew  them  can  work  or  travel 
a whole  day  without  food. 

Escalloniacese,*  es-kal  lo-ne-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Escallo'nia,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  found  in  temperate  climates. 

Es'ehar.  [Es'ehara;  from  icxapoa), 
to  “scab  over.”]  The  hard,  black,  or 
gray  slough  caused  by  caustic  or  cautery. 

Es-ehar-ot'ic.  [ Eschar®  t'icus.] 
Applied  to  a substance  which  forms  an 
eschar. 

Es'cu-lent.  [Escalentns : from 
es'co,  to  “feed  upon  a thing.”]  Fit  for 
food. 

Esculin.  See  AEsculin. 

Eso-en-ter-i'tis.*  [Fromecrco,  “with- 
in,” and  enteri' £<*.]  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  intestines. 

Es'o-gfas-tri'tis.*  [From  ecru,  “with- 
in,” and  gastri'tis.\  Inflammation  of 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach. 


Es-o-ter'ic.  [Esoter'icns ; from 
e<rujT£pos,  “within.”]  Applied  to  a series 
of  phenomena  or  changes,  resulting  n\  111 
causes  internal  and  proper  to  the  organ- 
ism. 

Esprit,  cs'pr£'.  The  French  term 
for  “spirit”  or  “essence.”  Any  subtile 
and  volatile  product  of  distillation. 

Es'sence.  [Essen' tin ; from  es'se, 
to  “ be.”]  The  chief  properties  or  vir- 
tues extracted  from  any  substance. 

Es'sence  of  Su'gar.  Oxalic  acid. 

Essen'tia  (es-sen'she-a)  Ab-i'e-tis.* 
Essence  of  Spruce;  prepared  by  boiling 
in  water  the  young  tops  of  some  conifer- 
ous plant,  as  the  Abies  nigra , or  Black 
Spruce,  and  concentrating  the  decoction 
by  evaporation. 

Essen'tia  Bi'na.*  A substance  used 
to  color  brandy,  porter,  etc.;  prepared 
by  boiling  coarse  sugar  till  it  is  black 
and  bitter ; it  is  then  made  into  a syrup 
with  lime-water. 

Es-sen'tiiyl  Oils.  Oils  obtained  by 
distillation  from  odoriferous  vegetable 
substances.  They  are  also  called  vola- 
tile oils. 

Essen  'tial  Salt  of  Lem  ons.  A 

mixture  of  cream  of  tartar  and  binoxal- 
ate  of  potash. 

Es'se-ra.*  [From  the  Arabic.]  An- 
other name  for  Nettle-Rash,  or  the  Urti- 
caria of  Willan. 

Estivation.  See  AEstivatio. 

Estonia®,  es'to'm&'  or  es'to'm&k'.  The 
French  term  for  Stomach,  which  see. 

Etage,  jPt&zh'.  The  French  term  for 
Stage,  which  see. 

Etain,  sPtaN®'.  The  French  term  for 
Tin  (or  pewter),  which  see. 

E'thal.  A peculiar  oily  substance 
obtained  from  spermaceti;  also  tei'med 
hydrate  of  oxide  of  cetyl.  The  term  is 
formed  of  the  first  syllables  of  ether  and 
alcohol . 

E'ther.  [iE'ther,  eris  ; from  aidr/p, 
“air.”]  A volatile  liquor  obtained  from 
alcohol  and  a concentrated  acid. 

E ther,  Ni  trous.  [iE'ther  Nitro'- 
sus.]  The  ether  obtained  by  distilling 
equal  weights  of  alcohol  and  concen- 
trated nitric  acid. 

E'ther,  Rec'tl-fiecl.  [iE'ther  Recti- 
fica'tus.]  Sulphuric  ether  freed  from 
the  small  portion  of  alcohol  and  sulphu- 
rous acid  wh:ch  it  contains,  by  the  pro- 
cess of  rectification. 

E'ther,  Sul-phu'ric,oriE'ther  Swl- 
phu'ri-cus.*  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Ed.  and  Dub.  Ph.)  of  ether  obtained  from 
a mixture  of  rectified  spirit  and  sulphurio 
191 


ETH 


EUN 


acid;  also  called  ^Ether  vitriolicus . See 
SPIRITUS  iETHERlS  SlJLPHURlCI. 

El;ta6r€.  See  Ethereal. 

E-itBie're-al.  [AEtitie'reus,  or  iE- 
tbe'rius;  from  se'ther,]  (Fr.  E there, 
4'tVra'.)  Applied  to  any  highly  rectified 
essential  oil  or  spirit. 

Etlie'real  Oil.  The  Oleum  vini  found 
in  the  residuum  of  sulphuric  ether,  and 
forming  the  basis  of  Hoffman's  celebrated 
anodyne. 

Eth'er-in,  or  Eth'er-ine.  A term 
synonymous  with  olefiant  gas,  elayl,  or 
hydruret  of  acetyl. 

E-tUier-I-za'tion.  [AEtlieriza'tio, 

o'm*«.]  The  inhaling  the  fumes  of  ether, 
to  produce  insensibility  to  pain. 

Et3i'er-©le.  A carbo-hydrogen,  com- 
monly known  as  light  oil  of  wine. 

E-tBii-on'ic  A$'id.  An  acid  formed 
by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  on  ether 
and  alcohol. 

EitBaaops  Mineral.  See  iETHioPS 
Mineral. 

Etla'moid.  [Etlimoi'des ; from 
r/Opog,  a " sieve,”  and  eUog,  a "form.”] 
Resembling  a sieve;  cribriform. 

Etla'moid  Bone.  [Lat.  Os  Eth- 
moi'denan;  Fr.  Os  Cribleux,  o kRe'- 
bluh'.]  One  of  the  bones  composing  the 
cranium ; so  named  because  its  upper 
plate  is  pierced  with  a number  of  small 
holes,  through  which  pass  the  filaments 
of  the  olfactory  nerves.  In  Comparative 
Anatomy,  the  term  is  restricted  by  Owen 
to  the  part  of  the  bone  directly  concerned 
in  supporting  the  membrane  and  cells 
of  the  olfactory  organ. 

E&la-moi'dal.  [Ethmoida'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  ethmoid  bone. 

EOi-nog’Va-pliy.  [Etlmog’ra'plaia; 
from  edsog,  a "nation,”  and  ypaipu),  to 
"write.”]  The  history  of  the  manners, 
customs,  origin,  etc.,  of  nations. 

Eth-n©l'o-gy.  [EtBiia©l©'gia;  from 
iOvog,  a " nation,”  and  Myog,  a "discourse.”] 
The  science  which  treats  of  the  different 
nations  and  races  of  men,  their  correla- 
tion, their  anatomical,  physiological,  and 
mental  peculiarities,  etc. 

Elli'yle.  [From  aiOrip , "ether,”  and 
v\rj,  "material.”]  A hypothetical  sub- 
stance composed  of  hydrogen  and  ctherin, 
and  considered  to  be  the  radical  of  ethers 
and  their  compounds. 

E-ln-©-la'ti©n.  [Eti©la'ti©,  o'nt*.] 
(Fr.  Etiolement,  &'t&'ormoNa' ; from  etiole , 
"blanched.”)  The  state  of  being 
blanched.  Applied  to  certain  plants  from 
which  the  light  is  excluded  as  much  as 
possible. 

192 


£ti©lement.  See  Etiolation. 

Etiology.  See  ^Etiology. 

Etotiftement,  &'toof'moN°\  The 
French  term  for  Suffocation,  which  see. 

Etourdissement,  &'tooR'd£ss'mbNo'. 
The  French  term  for  Vertigo,  which  see. 

Efranglement,  &'troN°'gTmbN°'.  The 
French  term  for  Strangulation,  which 
see. 

Et/y-mon.**  [From  trvpov,  the  neuter 
of  hvpog,  "true.”]  The  true  origin  of  a 
word ; the  radical  word  or  root : hence, 
Etymology,  the  science  which  explains 
or  treats  of  the  derivation  of  words. 

Eu'-chlo-riiie.  [From  tv,  "fine,”  and 
XKwpog,  "green.”]  The  name  given  by 
Davy  to  the  protoxide  of  chlorine,  on  ac- 
count of  its  deep  yellow-green  color. 

Eu-chroii'ic  A$'id.  [From  tv,  " fine,” 
and \poa,  "color.”]  An  acid  procured  by 
the  decomposition  of  the  neutral  medi- 
tate of  ammonia  by  heat.  It  forms  a 
blue  compound  with  zinc,  called  Euchrone. 

Eu-di-©m'e-ter.  [Eu<li©iii'ctrimi ; 
from  evdia,  "fine  weather,”  also  "good- 
ness of  the  air,”  and  perpew,  to  "measure.”] 
An  instrument  to  measure  the  purity  of 
the  air  or  of  any  gaseous  compound,  or 
the  quantity  of  oxygen  contained  in  it. 

Efi-cBi-©m'e-try.  [Eu<li©me'tria ; 
from  the  same.]  The  method  by  which 
the  purity  of  atmospheric  air  is  ascer- 
tained. 

Eu-ge'nl-a.*  [From  Prince  Eugene 
of  Savoy.]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Icosandria,  natural  order  Myrtacem.  The 
name  of  the  tree  affording  pimento. 

Eug-e'nia  Oar-y-o-phyl-la'ta.*  The 
tree  which  produces  the  clove;  other- 
wise called  the  Caryophyl'lns  aromat'icus . 

Euge  nia  Pi-men'ta.*  The  name 
of  the  tree  which  yields  pimento. 

Eu-gen 'ic  A$'id.  [A^'idum  Eu- 
gen'iciim;  from  Euge'nia  caryophyl- 
la'ta,  one  of  the  names  of  the  clove-tree.] 
Called  also  Caryophyllic  Acid,  and 
Heavy  Oil  of  Cloves.  An  acid  found 
in  cloves,  along  with  a neutral  salt. 
Eu'genin  is  a crystallizable  compound, 
found  also  in  cloves,  and  said  to  be 
isomeric  with  eugenic  acid.  CaryopbyVlin 
is  another  of  these  compounds. 

Eu'nueti.  [Eunin  eliiis ; from  tvvri, 
a "couch,”  and  i\oi,  to  "keep,”  to 
"guard.”]  (Fr.  Ennuque,  uh'niik'.)  A 
man  in  whom  the  sperm ato-poietic,  or 
entire  genital  organs  have  been  re- 
moved. So  named  because  commonly 
employed  in  the  East,  from  a remote  an- 
tiquity, to  guard  the  harem  of  princes. 

Euiiuque.  See  Eunuch. 


EUO 


EVO 


Eu-on'y-mus.*  Wahoo.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.,  1860)  for  the 
bark  of  Euon'ymus  atropurpu'reus.  It  is 
recommended  as  a remedy  in  dropsy,  and 
is  said  to  combine  the  virtues  of  a tonic 
with  those  of  a hydragogue  cathartic  and 
diuretic. 

Enpaioire.  See  Eupatorium. 

Eu-pa-to'ri-uiii.*  (Fr.  Enpatoire, 
uh'p&'tvvsiR'.)  Thoroughwort.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  tops 
and  leaves  of  the  Eupato'rium  perfoli- 
a'tum. 

Euphorbe.  See  Euphorbia. 

Eu-plior'bl-a.*  [From  Euphor'bus, 
the  name  of  a noted  physician.]  (Fr. 
Epurge , d'piiRzh',  or  Euphorbe , uh'foRb'.) 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Dodecan- 
dria , natural  order  Euphorbiacese. 

Euphor  bia  Cor-ol-la'ta.*  Large- 
flowering  Spurge.  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  Euphorbia 
corollata. 

Euphorbia  Ip-e-cac-u-an'lia.* 

Ipecacuanha  Spurge.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
Euphorbia  Ipecacuanha. 

Enphor'bia  ©f-fi$-i-na'lis,*  Eu- 
plior'bia  Of-fic-i-na'rum.^  (“  Eu- 
phorbia of  the  Shops.”)  The  plant  which 
produces  Eupliorbium. 

Euphorbiacese,*  u-for-be-a'she-e. 
[From  Euphor'bia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A very  large  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
globe.  It  includes  the  Ricinus  (castor- 
oil  plant),  Siphonia  (the  Caoutchouc,  or 
India-Rubber  tree),  and  Croton , which 
yields  croton  oil.  A large  proportion  of 
the  plants  of  this  order  are  poisonous. 
The  stem  of  Jatropha  Manihot , or  Cas- 
sava, which  when  raw  is  a violent  poison, 
becomes  a wholesome  nutritious  food 
when  roasted.  This  order  is  nearly  allied 
to  the  Malvacese  and  Rhamnacese. 

Eu-phor-bi-a/ceous.  [Euphor- 
bia'ceus.]  Resembling  Euphorbia.  See 
Euphorbiaceas. 

Eu-phor'bt-um.*  A resinous  sub- 
stance obtained  from  the  Euphorbia  offi- 
cinarum , and  of  undetermined  species  of 
Euphorbia ; called,  also,  the  Euphorbi.se 
gummi-resina. 

Eu'pi-on.*  [From  ev,  “well,”  or 
“fine,”  and  Tvor>,  “fat.”]  A colorless 
liquid,  obtained  by  distillation  from  the 
tar  of  animal  matters,  and  so  named  from 
its  great  limpidity. 

Eu-plas'tic.  [From  ev,  “well,”  and 
irXucrtf,  “formation.”]  A term  applied  by 
Lobstein  to  the  elaborated  organizable 
17* 


mattcr  by  which  the  tissues  of  the  body 
are  renewed.  The  same  writer  speaks 
of  another  animal  matter,  the  tendency 
of  which  is  softening  and  disorganiza- 
tion : this  he  terms  cacoplastic. 

Eu-pyr'I-on.*  [From  ev,  “easily,” 
and  Tnjp,  “fire.”]  Any  contrivance  for 
obtaining  an  instantaneous  light,  as  the 
phosphorus-bottle,  etc. 

Eu-sta'cM-an  Tube.  (Fr.  Trompe 
[or  Conduit,  k6N°'dw£']  d’  Eustache,  tr6>ip 
dus't&sh'.)  A tube  or  canal  extending 
from  behind  the  soft  palate  to  the  tym- 
panum of  the  ear,  first  described  by 
Eustachius. 

Eustachian  Valve.  The  semilunar 
fold  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  heart, 
anterior  to  the  opening  of  the  inferior 
vena  cava. 

E-vac'u-ant.  [Evac'uans;  from 

evac'iio,  evacua'tum,  to  “empty.”]  Hav- 
ing the  property  of  increasing  evacua- 
tions from  the  bowels,  etc. 

E-vac-u-a'tion.  [Evacua'tio,  o’nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  discharging 
the  contents  of  the  bowels,  or  defecation ; 
also,  the  discharge  itself;  a dejection  or 
stool. 

Evanouissement,  &'v§,'nw&ss'moNa\ 
The  French  term  for  Syncope,  which 
see. 

E-vap-o-ra'tion.  [Evapora'tio, 

O '««;  from  e,  “out,”  and  vapo'ro,  ra po- 
rn' turn,  to  “ steam,”  to  “ send  out  vapor.”] 
The  conversion  of  a liquid  into  vapor. 
In  Medicine,  the  transformation  of  a 
liquid  into  vapor  in  order  to  obtain  the 
fixed  matters  contained  in  it  in  a dry 
and  separate  state. 

E-ven-tra'tion.  [Eventra'tio, 

o'nis;  from  e,  “out  of,”  and  ven'ter,  the 
“ belly.”]  The  condition  of  a monster- 
foetus,  in  which  the  abdominal  viscera  are 
extruded  from  the  natural  cavity,  and 
enclosed  in  a projecting  membranous  sac. 

E-ven-tu-al'I-ty.  The  phrenological 
term  for  the  faculty  of  observing  and 
recollecting  events,  occurrences,  etc. 

Eversion  of  Eyelid.  See  Ectro- 
pium. 

Ev-O-lu'tioil.  [Evolu'tio,  o'nis ; 
from  e,  “out,”  and  vol’vo , volu'Unn,  to 
“ roll ;”  whence,  evoVvo,  to  “roll  out,”  or 
“unfold.”]  Synonymous,  generally,  with 
Development,  which  see. 

Evolu'tion,  Spon-ta'ne-ous.  A 
term  applied  to  obstetrical  cases  where, 
in  the  presentation  or  protrusion  of  the 
arm  and  shoulder,  spontaneous  turning 
takes  place,  and  the  case  thus  become* 
one  of  breech-presentation. 


193 


EVU 


EXC 


E-vul'sion.  [Evul  sio,  o'nis  ; from 
e,  “out,”  and  vel'lo , mil' sum,  to  “ pluck/* 
to  "pull.”]  The  act  or  process  of  draw- 
ing out  forcibly. 

Ex,  or  E.  A Latin  preposition  signi- 
fying “out,”  or  “forth,”  “out  of,” 
“from,”  “beyond.”  It  often  has  the 
force  of  “up;”  as  Exsiccation , a “drying 
up.”  Sometimes  it  is  privative.  Ex  is 
usually  changed  to  / before  a word  be- 
ginning with  f ; as  efferens  for  ex  f evens. 
Before  the  liquids,  l,  in,  n,  r,  and  also  be- 
fore b and  v,  e is  used  instead  of  ex. 

Ex  (££).  A Greek  preposition,  signi- 
fying “out.”  See  Ec. 

Ex-a^-er-ba'tion.  [Exacerba'tio, 
o'nis ; from  exacer’bo,  exacerba' turn,  to 
“ become  severe  or  sharp.”]  An  increased 
force  or  severity  of  the  symptoms  of  a 
disease. 

Exseresis,*  ex-er'e-sis.  [From 
e^atpicj,  to  “take  away,”  to  “remove.”] 
One  of  the  old  divisions  of  Surgery,  im- 
v plying  the  removal  of  parts. 

Ex-al-bti'mi-nous.  [Exalfou'ini- 
n us;  fromer,  “without,”  and  albu'men.] 
Without  albumen  or  perisperm. 

Ex-an-gei'a,*  or  Ex-au-gi'a.* 
[From  e£,  “out,”  and  dyytiov,  a “vessel.”] 
A term  sometimes  applied  to  diseases  in 
which  the  large  vessels  are  ruptured,  or 
unnaturally  distended. 

Ex-a'ni-a.*  [From  ex,  “out,”  and 
a'nus.]  A prolapsus,  or  falling  down,  of 
the  anus.  See  Archoptosis. 

Ex-an-tlie'ma,'  plural  Ex-an- 
theui'a-ta.  [From  i^avQcoi,  to  “burst 
forth  as  flowers,”  to  “bloom,”  to  “break 
out  in  pustules.”]  (Fr.  Exantheme,  ex'- 
a-N^tein',  or  Elevure,  Al&'viiR'.)  A rash, 
or  eruption  on  the  skin ; also  called  Ex- 
anthisma.  Applied  in  the  plural  to  an 
order  of  the  class  Pyrexise  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Ex-an-the-mat'ic.  [Exaiitfie- 
inat'icus.]  Belonging  to  exanthema; 
eruptive. 

Ex-an-the-mad-ca.**  [The  neuter 
plural  of  Exanthenuaticus.  See  Ex- 
anthematic.]  A name  given  by  Dr. 
Good  to  an  order  comprising  all  eruptive 
fevers. 

Ex-an-tliem-a-toro-g;y.  [Exantlie- 
matolo'gia;  from  exanthe'ina , “erup- 
tion,” and  Xoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  The 
consideration  of  the  exanthemata. 

Ex-aii-thcm  a-tous.  [Exantlicma- 
to'sus;  from  exanthe'ina , “eruption.”] 
Pertaining  to  exanthemata;  having  ex- 
anthemata. 

Exantli$me.  See  Exanthema. 

194 


Ex-an-the'sls,*  and  Ex-an-tbis- 

ma.;:  Nearly  the  same  as  Exanthema, 
which  see. 

Ex-ar-thro'sis,*  or  Ex-ar-thro  - 

ma.;;-  [From  cf,  “out,”  and  apdpov,  a 
“joint.”]  The  same  as  Luxation. 

Ex-cip'i-eut.  [Excip'iens;  from 
excip'io,  to  “receive.”]  Applied  to  the 
substance  used  for  receiving  medicines, 
or  hiding  their  nauseous  qualities  in  its 
more  pleasant  taste,  as  the  confections, 
conserves,  etc. 

Ex-cis'ion.  [Exci'sio,  o'nis;  from 
ex,  “out”  or  “off,”  and  scin'clo,  sets' sum, 
to  “cut.”]  The  cutting  out,  or  cutting 
off,  of  any  part. 

Ex-ci-ita-bil'i-ty.  [Excitabil'itas, 

a 'tis;  from  ex'cito,  excita'tum,  to  “call 
forth,”  to  “raise  up.”]  The  capacity  of 
organized  beings  to  be  affected  by  cer- 
tain agents  termed  stimuli,  excitants,  or 
exciting  powers. 

Ex-ci'tant.  [Ex'citans;  from  the 
same.]  Exciting;  stimulating. 

Ex-ci-ta'tion.  [Excita'tio,  o'nis ; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  rousing,  or 
quickening  into  active  exercise,  some 
power  or  susceptibility. 

Ex-el te'ment.  [From  the  same.]  The 
state  of  being  excited. 

Ex-ci'ting  Cause.  That  which  ex- 
cites, or  is  the  immediate  cause  of,  a dis- 
ease. 

Ex-cl'to-Mo'tor-y  (or  Ex-ea'to- 
Mo'tor)  Pow  er.  A peculiar  power  or 
property  seated  in  the  spinal  system  of 
nerves,  by  which,  if  their  extremities  be 
excited,  the  impression  is  conveyed  to 
the  spinal  marrow,  and  reflected  from 
it  to  the  part  or  limb  excited. 

Ex-co-  ri-a'tion.  [Excoria'ti®, 
o'nis;  from  ex,  “from,”  and  co'riuilt ; 
the  “skin.”]  Abrasion  or  removal,  par- 
tial or  complete,  of  the  skin. 

Ex'cre-ment.  [Excremen'tum? 
from  excev'no,  excre'tum,  to  “excrete,” 
to  “void  by  stool.”]  The  alvine  faeces, 
or  waste  matter  discharged  from  the 
bowels  ; dung  ; ordure. 

Excronientitioiis.ex-kre-men-tish'- 
us.  [Excreiiienti'tius.]  Belonging  to 
excrement. 

Ex-cr£s-<rence.  [Exorescen'tna; 

from  excres'co , to  “grow  out  of.”]  (Fr. 
Excroissance,  ex'kRw.VsdNSs'.)  Any  pre- 
ternatural formation  on  any  part  of  the 
body. 

Ex-cre'tiom.  [Excre'tio,  o’nis  ; 

from  excer'no , excre'tum,  to  “ sift  out,”  to 
“separate.”]  The  separation  of  those 
fluids  from  the  blood  which  are  sup- 


EXC 


EXO 


posed  to  be  useless,  as  urine,  perspiration, 
etc. : also,  any  such  fluid  itself. 

Excr^toire.  See  Excretory. 

Ex'cre-to-ry.  [Excreto'rius;  from 
the  same.]  (Fr .Excretoire,  ex'ku&'tw&R'.) 
Having  the  power  of  separating  and 
throwing  off  what  is  superfluous ; be- 
longing to  excretion. 

Ex'cretory  Ducts.  [Duc  tus  Ex- 
creto'rii.]  Small  vessels  that  conduct 
the  secretion  out  of  a gland. 

Ex-cre'tus.*  [See  Excretion.] 
Thrown  off  as  superfluous  or  useless. 

Excroissamce.  See  Excrescence. 

Ex'e-dens.*  [From  ex'eclo , to  “eat 
out,”  to  “eat  as  a worm  or  sore.”]  Eat- 
ing; consuming. 

Ex-em-bry-o-na'tns.*  [From  ex , 
priv.,  and  em'bryo , the  “germ  of  a plant.”] 
Having  no  embryo.  Applied  in  the 
plural  feminine  (Exembryona' tse)  to  the 
Cryptocjamia. 

Ex-fre-ta'ilon.  [From  ex , “out”  or 
“without,”  and  fee' t us.]  Extra-uterine 
foetation,  or  imperfect  foetation  in  some 
organ  exterior  to  the  uterus.  See  Eccy- 
ESIS. 

Ex-fo-H-a'tion.  [Exfolia'tio, 

o' ms ; from  ex.  “from,”  or  “off,”  and 
fo'lium , a “ leaf ;”  whence  exfo'Uo , exfo- 
lia'tum , to  “shed  the  leaf.”]  The  sepa- 
ration or  scaling  off  of  a dead  piece  of 
bone  from  the  living;  also,  the  separa- 
tion of  scales  or  laminae  from  any  sub- 
stance. 

Exhalaison.  See  Exhalation. 

Ex-flia'Iant.  [ExSaa'Ians;  from  ex~ 
ha'lo,  exhala'tum,  to  “ send  forth  a 
breath.”]  Hiving  off  fumes;  exhaling. 

Ex-foa-la'tion.  [Exhala'tio, 

o 'nis  ; from  the  same.]  (Fr  .Exhalation, 
ex'd'l^'z^No'.)  A vapor,  fume,  or  steam. 
A subtile  spirit  or  vapor,  from  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Evaporation  of  moist- 
ure or  water  by  the  sun’s  heat,  etc. 

Ex-Blib'lt.  [From  exhib’eo , exliib’- 
itiini,  to  “ show”  or  “exhibit,”  to  “give.”] 
To  administer  or  give  to  a patient  some 
medicine,  or  medicinal  substance. 

Ex©  (e£w).  A Greek  particle,  signify- 
ing “without.” 

Ex-o-car'di-al.  [Exocardia'lis ; 

from  ££o>,  “without,”  and  Kapdla,  the 
“heart.”]  External  to  the  heart. 

Ex-oc-cijp'I-tal.  [Exocciplta'lis ; 
from  l'£<o,  “without,”  and  occipitci'/is, 
“ occipital.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the 
lateral  part  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Exoccip'ital  Doaie.  In  An  thro  - 
potomv,  the  condyloid  process  of  the 
occipital  bone : its  homologue  in  the 


archetypal  skeleton  is  called  the  “neura- 
pophysis.”  See  Vertebra. 

Ex-od'ic.  [Exod  icus;  from  ££&>, 
“without,”  and  o<5<k,  a “way.”]  Pro- 
ceeding out  of  the  spinal  marrow.  A 
term  proposed  by  Dr.  M.  Hall  as  prefer- 
able to  Reflex  motor. 

Ex'o-g’en.  An  exogenous  plant. 

Ex-og-'en-ous.  [Exog^emis;  from 
£(o>,  “without,”  and  yev co,  to  “be  born,” 
to  “grow.”]  Applied  to  stems  of  plants 
in  which  the  new  matter,  whereby  they 
increase  in  diameter,  is  added  at  the 
external  surface.  Applied  by  Owen  to 
those  parts,  properly  called  processes, 
of  bone,  which  shoot  out  as  continuations 
of  preceding  elements.  See  Autoge- 
nous. 

Ex-og-'ommi  Pur'ga.-  One  of  the 

names  of  the  jalap-plant.  See  Jalap. 

Ex-©m  'iiBia-los,^  Ex-c  m 'p 

[From  f’£,  “cut,”  and  oplaXog,  the  “na- 
vel.”] (Fr.  He) vie  ombilicale , eR'n6'  6m'- 
b6'16'k&l'.)  Umbilical  hernia.  See  Om- 
phalocele. 

Ex-op  Ii-thal'mi-a.*  [From  f£,  “out,” 
and  6(p6a\n6g,  the  “eye.”]  A swelling 
and  protrusion  of  the  eyeball;  the  same 
as  Ophtiialmoptoma. 

Ex-or'mi-a.*  [From  “out,”  and 
cp/tri,  “rushing.”]  Literally,  a “rushing 
or  breaking  out.”  A term  used  by  the 
Greeks  as  synonymous  with  ecthyma,  or 
papulous  skin,  comprising  gum-rash,  etc. 

Ex-or-rlii'zows.  [Fxorrhi'zic.s; 
from  e£od,  “ without,”  and  pita,  a “root.”] 
Applied  to  plants  having  the  radicle 
free  and  naked,  that  is,  not  enclosed  in 
any  sheath. 

Ex'o-Skel'e-ton.  [Exoscel'efcm ; 

from  £(co,  “without,”  and  gk&ztov,  a 
“skeleton.”]  The  skeleton  in  such  ani- 
mals as  have  a hard  or  bony  case,  or 
external  skeleton.  See  Dermoskeleton. 

Ex-os  niic.  [Exos  micus.]  Be- 
longing to  exosmose. 

Ex-os-mose'.  [Exosmo'sis;  from 
e£co,  “without,”  and  c lopcg,  “impulsion.”] 
A movement  in  liquids  separated  by  a 
membranous  partition,  by  which  their 
principles  are  interchanged.  This  term 
is  given  to  the  liquid  passing  outwards. 
See  Endosmose. 

Exostemma  Caribewm.  See  Bark, 
Caribean. 

Ex-os'to-ma.*  [From  e£co,  “with- 
out,” and  oTo/jia,  a “mouth.”]  See  Micro - 

PYLE. 

Exosto'ma.*  Nearly  the  same  as  Ex- 
ostosis, which  see. 

Ex-os-to'sis.*  [From  ££w,  “with- 
195 


EXO 


EXT 


out,"  and  wrnov,  a “bone.”]  An  exube- 
rant growth  of  bony  matter  on  the  sur- 
face of  a bone;  the  enlargement  of  a 
part  or  the  whole  of  a bone. 

Ex-o-ter'ic.  [Exoter'icus;  from 
ilorepog,  the  comparative  degree  of  ££oj».] 
Applied  to  a series  of  periodic,  vital 
phenomena,  being  such  as  result  from 
causes  external  to  the  organism. 

ExotSiecimii/*  ex-o-the'she-um. 
[From  “ without/’  and  0/7/07,  a “ case.”] 
The  name  given  by  Purkinje  to  the  coat 
of  the  anther. 

Ex-ot'ic-  [Exot'ieus;  from  ££co, 
“without.”]  Foreign;  belongingto what 
is  without,  or  beyond  the  limits  of,  our 
own  country. 

Ex-pau-si-bi I'i-ty.  [Expansihir- 

itas,  st'tis;  from  ex,  “out,”  an  & pan' do, 
pan’ sum,  to  “spread.”]  The  capability 
of  being  expanded  or  dilated. 

Ex-paa'sion.  [ExpaEi'sio,  & n is  ; 
from  the  same.]  The  increase  of  bulk, 
or  of  surface,  of  which  natural  bodies 
are  susceptible. 

Ex-pec'  to-mnt.  [Expec  tomns  ; 

from  expec’toro,  expectora’ tumy  to  “dis- 
charge from  the  breast”  (from  exT  “out,” 
“from,”  and  pee’ fits,  the  “breast”).] 
Facilitating  or  promoting  the  ejection 
of  mucus,  or  other  fluids,  from  the  lungs 
and  trachea. 

Ex-pee-to-ra/tion.  [Exjeecfora - 
tio,  o' n is ; from  the  same.]  The  • ct  of 
ejecting  from  the  lungs,  or  trachea,  by 
spitting ; also,  the  substance  ejected. 

Ex-pel 'lent.  [ExpeMeits;  from 
expel’ loy  to  “drive  out.”}  Driving  out. 

Ex-pi-ra'taoji.  [Expira/tio,  o rms; 
from  expi’rOy  expira’tumr  to  “breathe 
forth.”]  The  act  of  breathing  out,  or 
expelling  air  from  the  lungs. 

Ex*l>Io-ra'tioit.  [ Explora'tio, 
o';/  is  / from  explo’ ro,  explora’twn,  to 
“search  diligently.”]  The  investigation 
of  the  physical  signs  attending  disease, 
as  distinguished  from  what  are  commonly 
termed  the  symptoms  ; consisting  of  aus- 
cultation, inspection,  mensuration,  palpa- 
tion, and  percussion. 

Ex-pressed'  Oils.  Oils  obtained  from 
bodies  by  pressure.  See  Expression. 

Ex-pres'sao»i.  [Expres'sio,  o'/i/V,* 
from  exy  “out,”  and  pre'mo,  pres’ snmr  to 
“press.”]  The  process  of  forcing  out 
the  juices  and  oils  of  plants  by  means 
of  a press.  Also,  the  manifestation  of 
the  feel  ings,  by  the  countenance,  attitude, 
or  gesture. 

Ex-pul  sion.  [ Expul'sio.  o ’nis ; 
from  ex,  “out,”  and  pel’lo , pul’ sum,  to 
196 


“drive,”  to  “force.”]  The  act  of  void- 
ing the  bowels  or  bladder.  The  delivery 
of  the  placenta;  also,  the  extrusion  ol 
an  immature  foetus. 

Ex-pul'  si ve.  [ Expel ' lens ; from 
the  same.]  (Fr.  Expulsif,  ex'puTt&f '.) 
Applied  to  the  pains  in  the  second  stage 
of  childbirth,  by  which  the  child  is  ex- 
pelled. Applied  in  Surgery  to  a bandage 
so  adjusted  as  to  expel  pus  or  other  fluid. 

Ex-sanguine,  Ex-san-galn'e-ous. 
[Exsang’uin'eus;  from  ex,  priv.,  and 
san’guis,  “blood.”]  Deprived  of  blood: 
anmmial ; anaemic. 

Ex-^m-guin  i-t y.  [Exsangnin'i- 
tas,  a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  The  state 
of  being  without  blood : anaemia. 

Ex-sert'ed.  [Exser'tns  ; from  ex’ - 
seroy  exser’tumy  to  “thrust  out.”]  Pro- 
truding beyond,  as  the  stamens  out  of 
the  corolla. 

Ex-sie-ea'tion.  [ Exsieca'tio, ©'//?>/ 

from  exsic’eoy  exsicec/ turn,  to  “dry  up.”] 
The  process  of  drying  moist  bodies  by 
applying  heat,  or  atmospheric  air,  or 
absorbing  the  moisture  by  soft  spongy 
substances. 

Ex-stip'u-Iate.  [Exstipula'tus; 

from  ex,  priv.,  and  stip’ula,  a “stipule.”] 
Without  stipules. 

Ex'stro-pliy.  [Exstro'pSsia,  or 
Ec' strophe;  from  be,  “out,” an derpi^cj, 
to  “turn”  or  “twist.”]  Applied  to  a 
congenital  malformation,  in  which,  from 
deficiency  in  the  abdominal  wall,  the 
bladder  appears  to  be  turned  inside  out, 
having  the  internal  surface  of  the  pos- 
terior paries  situated  outwardly  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  body. 

ExvudaUoit.  See  Exudation. 

Exteaisetir.  See  Extensor. 

Ex-ten'sion.  [Exten'sio,  o'/u«; 
from  ex,  “out,”  and  ten’ do,  ten' sum,  to 
“stretch.”}  The  pulling  of  a fractured 
limb  in  a direction  from  the  trunk,  to  ob- 
viate retraction  of  the  lower  fragments ; 
also,  similar  treatment  in  dislocations. 

Ex-tem 'sor, o' [From  the  same.] 
(Fr.  Extensenr,  ex'toN®’suR\)  An  ex- 
tender. Applied  to  several  muscles. 

Exten  sor  Bre  ws  Dig-i-tomasi 
I*e'clis.;'  (“Short  Extensor  of  the 
Toes.”)  A muscle  situated  on  the  back 
of  the  foot,  having  for  its  office  to  extend 
the  first  four  toes. 

Extensor  Com -nan 'nis  IMgito'- 
rnitB  Ec'dis.*  (“Common  Extensor 
of  the  Toes.”)  A muscle  situated  on 
the  anterior  part  of  the  leg,  and  attached 
to  the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  toea, 
which  it  extends. 


EXT 


EYE 


Exten'sor  Dlgito'rum  (ommu  - 
nis.  (“Common  Extensor  of  the  Fin- 
gers.”) A muscle  of  the  forearm,  the 
tendons  of  which  are  inserted  into  the 
phalanges  of  all  the  fingers,  which  it 
extends. 

Exten'sor  Pro'pri-us  Pol'H-cis 

Pe'dis.*  (“Extensor  Proper  of  the 
Thumb  of  the  Foot , or  Great  Toe.”)  A 
muscle  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg : 
its  office  is  to  extend  the  toe. 

Ex-tir-pa'tion.  [Extirpa'tio,  o' ms; 
from  extir’ po,  cxtirpa' turn , to  “ root  out.”] 
The  complete  removal  or  eradication  of 
a part,  by  the  knife  or  caustic. 

Ex'tra.*  A Latin  preposition  signi- 
fying “without,”  “on  the  outside,”  “be- 
yond,” “over  and  above.” 

Ex'tract.  [Extrac' turn ; from  ex, 
“out,”  and  tra'ho , trae’tum,  to  “draw.”] 
(Fr.  Extrait , ex'tR&'.)  Literally,  “that 
which  is  drawn  out  or  extracted”  from 
any  thing.  The  soluble  parts  of  vegetable 
substances,  dissolved  in  spirit,  or  water, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a 
syrup  or  paste  by  evaporation.  Also, 
the  product  of  an  aqueous  decoction. 

Ex-trae'ta,*  the  plural  of  Extr ac- 
tum, which  see. 

Ex-trae'tion.  [Extrac'tio,  o’nis; 
from  the  same  ] The  drawing  of  a tooth, 
or  taking  foreign  substances  out  of  the 
body,  or  a tumor  out  of  its  cavity,  etc. 

Ex-trac'tive.  [Extractions;  from 
the  same.]  (Fr.  Extraciif,  ex'tR&k't^f '.) 
Applied  to  a peculiar  modification  of 
vegetable  matter  forming  one  constitu- 
ent part  of  common  extracts. 

Extractive  Prin'ciples.  The  de- 
signation of  a variety  of  compounds,  most 
of  which  crystallize,  and  have  a bitter 
taste,  but  cannot  be  referred  to  any  par- 
ticular series. 

For  the  names  and  preparation 
of  the  officinal  extracts,  see  the  U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia,  pn.  142-180. 

Ex-tractum,*  plural  Ex-trac'ta. 
[From  the  same.]  (Fr.  Extrait,  ex'tRiP.) 
An  extract;  a preparation  obtained  by 
the  evaporation  of  a vegetable  solution, 
or  a native  vegetable  juice.  Its  basis  is 
termed  extractive,  or  extractive  principle. 

Extraction  €an'na-bis.*  (“  Extract 
of  Hemp.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  alcoholic  extract  of 
the  dried  tops  of  the  Cannabis  saiiva 
( variety  Indica). 

Extrac 'turn  Oly^-yr-rh  i zae.* 

/“  Extract  of  Liquorice.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  ex- 
tract of  the  root  of  Glycyrrhiza  glabra. 


This  extract  is  the  “liquorice”  of  the 
shops. 

Ex-tra-fo-li-a'ceous.  [Extrafo- 

lia'ceus;  from  ex'tra,  “without,”  and 
f o’ Hum , a “leaf.”]  External  to  the  leaf. 
Applied  to  stipule?  below  the  footstalk. 

Extrait,  ex'tR&'.  A French  term 
for  Extract,  which  see. 

Ex ' t ra-  IJ  'ter-Ine.  [From  ex’tra, 
“on  the  outside,”  and  u'terus .]  Applied 
to  those  cases  of  pregnancy  in  which 
the  foetus  is  contained  in  some  organ 
outside  of  the  uterus. 

Ex-trav-a-sa'lion.  [Extra  vasa'- 
tio,  o’nis;  from  ex'tra,  “without,”  and 
vas,  a “vessel.”]  The  effusion  of  a fluid 
(or  its  state  when  effused)  out  of  its 
proper  vessel  or  receptacle. 

Ex-treni  i-ty.  [Extrcm'itas,a'f?s/ 
from  extre’mum,  the  “outermost  part” 
or  “end”  of  any  thing.]  Any  of  the 
four  limbs  of  animals. 

Ex-tro-ver'sion.  [From  extror'sum, 
“outwards,”  and  ver’to,  ver'sum , to 
“turn.”]  That  kind  of  malformation  in 
which  a part  is  turned  inside  outwards. 
The  same  as  Exstrophy. 

Ex-u'ber-cs.*  [From  ex,  priv„  and 
it’ber,  “pap”  or  “udder.”]  Applied  to 
weaned  infants,  as  opposed  to  Eububeres, 
or  those  being  suckled. 

Ex-u-tfa'tion.  [Exuda'tio,  o'nis; 
from  exu’do,  exuda’tum,  to  “sweat  out” 
(contracted  from  ex,  “out,”  and  su'do,  to 
“sweat”).]  A sweating;  the  passing 
out  of  any  liquid  through  the  walls  (or 
membranes)  of  the  vessel  containing  it. 
Also  applied  to  the  oozing  of  the  Liquor 
sanguinis  through  the  vascular  walls. 

Ex' u -cla- live.  [Exudati'vus:  from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  exudation; 
promoting  exudation. 

Ex-ul-cer-a'tion.  [Exulcera'tio, 
o 'ms ; from  exuVcero,  exulcera’tum,  to 
“make  sore.”]  A soreness:  the  early 
state,  or  commencement,  of  ulceration. 

Ex-u'vi-ae,*  gen.  Ex-u-vl-a'rum, 
found  only  in  the  plural.  [From  ex’ no, 
to  “strip,”  “spoil,”  or  “put  off.”]  The 
shells,  etc.,  found  in  particular  strata. 
In  Zoology,  applied  to  the  slough,  or 
cast  skins  of  animals  whose  nature  it  is 
to  throw  them  off  at  certain  seasons. 

Ex-u'vi-al.  [Exuvia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  exuvi.se. 

Eye.  [Lat.  Oc'nlus;  Gr.  6(p6a\fji6g ; 
Fr.  (EH,  try’  or  ul ; Ger.  Auge,  ow'Geh.] 
The  organ  of  vision.  The  eyes  occupy 
two  cavities,  called  orbits,  situated  in 
the  lower  anterior  part  of  the  cranium  ; 
they  communicate  with  the  brain  by 
197 


EYE 


FAL 


means  of  the  optic  nerves.  The  organ 
consists  of  a ball  or  globe  containing 
within  itself  the  iris,  lens,  the  aqueous 
and  vitreous  humors,  the  retina,  etc. 
This  ball  moves  freely  in  a socket,  and  is 
readily  turned  at  will  in  every  direc- 
tion by  six  muscles  especially  appro- 
priated to  this  purpose.  It  is  covered 
anteriorly  by  a delicate  mucous  mem- 
brane, termed  the  conjunct? v a,  and  is 
protected  from  external  injury  by  the 
eyelashes  and  eyelids.  At  the  very  front 
part  of  the  ball,  is  situated  a transparent, 


horny  membrane,  termed  the  cornea . 
The  various  parts  of  the  eye  will  be 
more  particularly  noticed,  each  in  its 
alphabetical  place. 

Eye  of  Ty'phon.  The  mystic  name 
given  by  the  Egyptians  to  the  Squill , or 
sea-onion. 

Eyebrow.  See  Supercilium. 

Eyelash.  See  Cilium. 

Eyelid.  See  Palpebra. 

Eye'-Teeth.  The  upper  Cuspidati , 
or  canine  teeth,  the  fangs  of  which  reach 
almost  to  the  orbits  of  the  eye. 


F. 


F.,  or  Ft.  = Fi'at !,*  or  Fi' ant .*  "Let 
there  be  made.” 

Fa  ba  Por-ci'na.*  The  fruit  of 

Hyoscy' amu8  ni'yer. 

Fa'ba  Pur-ga'trix.*  The  bean  of 

Ricinus  communis. 

Fa'ba  Sanc'ti  Ig-na'ti-i.*  ("Bean 
of  St.  Ignatius.”)  See  Ignatia. 

Fa'ba  Su-il'la.*  The  fruit  of  Hyo- 

8cyamu8  niyer. 

Fabaceae.  See  Leguminos^e. 

Fa-ba'ceous.  [Faba'ceus ; from 
fa'ba , a "bean.”]  Having  beans;  of 
the  nature  of  beans. 

Face.  [Fa'cies.]  The  anterior  and 
lower  part  of  the  head.  The  various 
surfaces,  or  planes,  by  which  a crystal 
is  bounded. 

Face  A'gue.  A form  of  neuralgia, 
which  occurs  in  the  nerves  of  the  face. 

Face  Grip'p£e,  f&ss  gr^p'pA.  The 
"pinched  or  contracted  face ;”  a peculiar 
expression  of  features  forming  one  of 
the  symptoms  in  peritonitis. 

Facets,  or  Facets.  [From  the 
French  Facette , a "small  surface.”]  The 
small  circumscribed  surfaces  of  a bone. 
Applied  in  Zoology  to  the  different  bases 
into  which  the  surface  of  the  compound 
eyes  of  the  Arachnidse , Crustacea,  and 
In8ecta  is  divided.  Also  applied  in 
Mineralogy  to  the  planes  or  faces  of  a 
crystal. 

Fa'cial.  [Facia'lis:  from  fa'cies.] 
Belonging  to  the  face. 

Facial  Angle.  See  Angle,  Facial. 

Fa'cial  Nerve.  [Ner'vus  Facia'- 
lis.] The  Portio  dura  of  the  seventh 
pair. 

Fa'cial  Vein.  A vein  which  com- 
mences at  the  summit  of  the  forehead; 
it  crosses  the  face  obliquely,  and  joins 
the  internal  jugular.  See  Angular. 
198 


Facies.  See  Face. 

Fa'cies  (fa'she-ez)  Hip-po-crat'i- 
ca.*  The  peculiar  expression  of  the 
features  immediately  before  death,  so 
called  because  first  described  by  Hippo- 
crates. 

Fa'cies  Ru'bra.*  The  red  face; 
another  name  for  the  Gutta  rosacea.  See 
Acne. 

Fac-ti'tious.  [Facti'tius ; from 

fa' cio,  fac'tum,  to  "make.”]  Made  by 
art;  artificial. 

Fac'ul-ty.  [Facul'tas ; from  fa- 
ce’re,  to  "do,”  to  "make.”]  Tne  power 
or  ability  by  which  an  action  is  per- 
formed. Also  employed  to  denote  col- 
lectively the  medical  professors,  or  those 
of  any  other  department,  in  a university. 
The  phrase  "medical  faculty”  is  also 
used  in  a more  general  sense,  to  signify 
those  skilled  in  the  science  of  medicine. 

Fse'ces.*  [The  plural  of  fsex,  fse'cis , 
"sediment.”]  Dregs,  or  sediment.  The 
alvine  excretions  or  excrements. 

Fsecula.  See  Fecula. 

Fseculent.  See  Feculent. 

Fa'gin.  [Fagi'na.]  A narcotio 
substance  obtained  from  the  nuts  of  the 
Fagus  sylvatica. 

Fahrenheit's  Thermometer.  See 

Thermometer. 

Faiblesse.  See  Debility. 

Faim.  See  Fames. 

Faint'ing.  See  Deliquium  Animi, 

and  Syncope. 

Faisceau,  fi'sS'.  The  French  term 
for  Fasciculus,  which  see. 

Faix,  fi.  The  French  term  for  F(etus, 
which  see. 

Fal'si-form.  [Falcifor'mis : from 
falx,  a " scythe”  or  " sickle.”]  Re- 
sembling a scythe  in  shape. 

Fal'eiform  Process.  [ Proces'su* 


FAL 


FAS 


Faleifor'mis.]  A process  of  the  dura 
mater , separating  the  hemispheres  of 
the  brain,  and  ending  in  the  tentorium. 

Falling.  See  Procidentia,  and  Pro- 
lapsus. 

Falling  Sickness.  See  Epilepsy. 

Fal-lo  [Fallopia'nus.]  Ap- 

plied to  certain  tubes  or  canals,  and  a 
ligament,  first  pointed  out  by  the  cele- 
brated anatomist  Fallopius. 

Fallo'pian  Lig'a-meiit.  The  round 
ligament  of  the  uterus. 

Fallo'pian  Tubes.  Two  canals  en- 
closed in  the  peritonaeum,  and  extending 
from  the  sides  of  the  Fundus  uteri  to 
the  ovaries.  See  Uterus. 

Fallopius,  Aqueduct  of.  See  Aque- 
duct of  Fallopius. 

False.  [Fal'sus;  from  fal'lo , faV- 
8um,  to  " deceive.”]  (Fr.  Faux , fo,  or 
Fau8se , fbss.)  A term  often  applied  in 
medicine  to  an  unnatural  or  diseased 
condition  of  certain  parts,  as  False 
Joint,  False  Membrane. 

False  Aneurism.  See  Aneurism. 

False  Conception.  See  Concep- 
tion, False. 

False  Joint.  See  Artificial  Joint. 

False  Mem  brane.  This  is  always 
the  result  of  inflammation,  as  that  pro- 
duced in  pleurisy,  in  peritonitis,  in 
croup,  etc. 

False  Pas'sage.  A passage  formed 
by  the  laceration  or  ulceration  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  urethra,  from 
forcible  introduction  of  instruments  in 
a wrong  direction. 

False  Ribs.  [Cos 'taeSpu' rise.]  The 

five  inferior  ribs,  which  (except  the  last 
two,  or  floating  ribs)  are  joined  ante- 
riorly to  each  other  and  to  the  cartilage 
of  the  last  true  rib. 

False  Vision.  See  Pseudoblep- 

SIA. 

False  Wa'ters.  (Fr.  Fausses  Eaux, 
foss  o.)  A term  applied  by  the  French 
to  a serous  fluid  which  accumulates  be- 
tween the  chorion  and  the  amnion,  and 
is  discharged  at  certain  periods  of  preg- 
nancy. This  must  not  be  confounded 
with  the  liquor  amnii , which  they  term 
simply  the  " waters”  (eaux). 

Falx  Cer-e-bel'li.*  ("  Scj^the  of 
the  Cerebellum.”  Fr.  Faux  du  Gervelet , 
fo  dii  seRv'l&\)  A triangular  portion 
of  the  dura  mater,  separating  the  two 
looes  of  the  cerebellum . 

Falx  Cer'e-bri.*  ("Scythe  of  the 
Cerebrum.”  Fr.  Faux  du  Cerveau,  fo 
dii  seR'vo'.),  The  same  as  Falciform 
Process,  which  see. 


Falx  Major.  See  Falciform  Pro- 
cess. 

Falx  Minor.  See  Falx  Cerebelli. 

Fa'mes.*  (Fr.  Faim,  faNG.)  A Latin 
term  signifying  " hunger.”  Hence  the 
terms  cura  /amis,  abstinence  from  food; 
and  fames  caniua,  voracious  or  canine 
appetite.  See  Bulimia. 

Fam'I-15r.  [Fami'lia.]  A number 
of  genera  having  some  organic  resem- 
blances. 

Fang.  [Ger.  Fan' gen,  to  "take”  or 
"seize”  as  prey,  to  "bite.”]  Applied  to 
the  sharp-pointed,  perforated  tooth  in 
the  superior  maxillary  bone  of  venomous 
serpents,  through  which  a poisonous  fluid 
flows  into  the  wound  made  by  it.  Also, 
the  root  of  a tooth. 

Farcimen.  See  Farcy. 

Far-cim-i-na'lis.*  [From  farci'men , 
" sausage-meat.”]  The  same  as  Allan- 
toid, which  see. 

Fare 't us.*  [From  far’cio,  farc'tum , 
to  "stuff.”]  Stuffed,  filled,  crammed. 

Far'cy,  or  Far-ci'men*(called,  also, 
Equi'nia*  and  Olan'ders).  [From 
far'cio,  to  "stuff.”]  A disease  in  which 
numerous  small  tumors  suppurate  and 
form  ulcers.  It  occurs  in  the  horse,  ass, 
and  mule;  and  is  often  communicated 
by  contagion  to  men  attending  on  those 
animals.  In  its  aggravated  form  it  is 
generally  fatal. 

Fa-ri'na.*  [From  far,  all  kinds  of 
corn.]  Wheat  flour.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  for  the  flour  from  the  seeds 
of  Triticum  vulgar e. 

Far-I-na ceous.  [Farina 'ceus.] 
Belonging  to  or  containing  farina;  of  the 
nature  of  farina. 

Far-Sightedness.  See  Presbyopia. 

Fascia,*  fash 'e- a.  [From  fas'eis,  a 
"bundle.”]  Originally,  a "swathe,” 
"bandage,”  or  "roller.”  The  tendinous 
expansion  of  muscles;  an  aponeurosis. 

Fas'cia  Crib-ri-for'mis.*  ("Sieve- 
like Fascia.”)  A web  of  cellular  sub- 
stance stretched  from  the  lower  edge  of 
Poupart’s  ligament  over  the  inguinal 
glands;  so  called  because  it  is  pierced 
with  numerous  openings  for  the  trans- 
mission of  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

Fas'cia  Il-i'a-ca.*  ("Iliac  Fascia.”) 
A strong  fascia  which  covers  the  inner 
surface  of  the  iliac  and  psoas  muscles. 

Fas'cia  In-fun-dibn-Ii-for'mis.* 
("Funnel-shaped  Fascia.”)  A portion 
of  cellular  membrane  which  passes 
down  on  the  spermatic  cord,  where  it 
penetrates  the  Fascia  transversalis. 

Fas'cia  Ea'ta.*  ("Broad  Fascia.”) 

199 


FAS 


FEB 


A broad  tendinous  expansion  continued 
from  the  tendons  of  the  Glutei  and 
neighboring  muscles,  and  maintaining  in 
their  proper  position  the  various  muscles 
of  the  thigh. 

Fascia  Lata  is  also  the  name  of  a mus- 
cle at  the  upper  and  exterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  See  Tensor  Vaginae  Femorjs. 

Fas'cia  Fro'pri-Ji.*  The  proper 
cellular  envelope  of  a hernial  sac. 

Fas'cia  Spi-ni'lis.-  (“Spiral 
Roller/’)  A name  for  the  common  roller 
which  is  wound  spirally  round  a limb. 

Fas'cia  Su-per-fi£-i-a'lis.:'  (“Su- 
perficial Fascia.”)  A very  thin  layer 
of  cellular  membrane,  which  covers  the 
abdominal  muscles  immediately  under 
the  skin. 

Fas'cia  Tor'ti-Iis.*  A name  for  the 
tourniquet. 

Fas 'cia  Trans- ver-saTss.*  The 

cellular  membrane  lining  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  Transversalis  abdominis 
muscle. 

Fascial,  fash'al.  [Fascia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  a fascia. 

Faseiate,  fash'e-at,  cr  Fasciatfed, 
fash'e-at-ed.  [Fascia'tns;  from  fas' - 
cia .]  Flattened  like  a little  band. 

Faseiation,  fash-e-a'shun,  or  Fas- 
ciatio,*'  fash-e-a'she-o.  [From  fas' cia, 
a “bandage.”]  The  binding  up  of  a dis- 
eased or  wounded  part;  also,  a bandage. 

Fascicle.  See  Fasciculus. 

Fas-^ie  u-lar.  [Fascicula'ris;  from 
fascic' ulus,  a “ little  bundle.”]  Bundled 
together;  clustered.  Applied  to  roots. 

Fas-^ic'u-late.  [Fascicula'tus ; 
from  fascic'  ulus,  a “little  bundle.”]  Bun- 
dled together;  clustered. 

Fas-^ic' u-ltts,*  plural  Fas-^ic'u-li. 
[Diminutive  of  fas'eis,  a “ bundle.”J  (Fr. 
Faisceau,  f&'so'.)  Applied  to  a little  bun- 
dle of  muscular  or  nervous  fibres,  etc. 
A fascicle  or  compact  cyme,  as  in  the 
Sweet  William.  Also,  a handful  of 
leaves,  roots,  etc. 

Fas-ci'o-Ia  He-pat'i-ca.*  [From 

fasci'ola,  a “little  strip  of  cloth.”]  An- 
other name  for  the  Distoma,  which  see. 

Fas-ti'dl-nm  Fi'bi.*  (“Loathing 
of  Food.”)  See  Anorexia. 

Fas-tig/I-ate.  [Fastigia'tus;  from 
fas!i'(/ium , the  “top.”]  Applied  to  um- 
belliferous flowers  which  rise  together  to 
the  same  height,  forming  a flat  top. 

Fat.  (Fr.  Graisse,  gRess  or  gR&ss.) 
See  Adeps,  Axungia,  and  Sevum. 
l Fa-tu'I-t$r.  [Fatn'itas,  iv'tis;  from 
fat'uus , “silly.”]  Weakness  of  under- 
standing, or  idiocy.  See  Amentia. 

c’Sio 


Faffi'cesf/f  gen.  Fauesuiri,  fau'she* 
um.  [The  plural  of  Faux.]  The  cavity 
at  the  back  of  the  mouth  from  which  the 
pharynx  and  larynx  proceed. 

Fanlt.  [From  the  French  Faute , an 
“error”  or  “defect.”]  A complete  frac- 
ture of  the  mass  of  strata  along  a verti- 
cal or  inclined  plane,  parallel  to  which 
the  beds  on  one  side  are  uplifted,  and  on 
the  other  depressed:  a slip. 

Faii'na/  [From  Fau'nvs,  a sylvan 
deity  of  the  ancient  Romans.]  The  en- 
tire assemblage  of  animals,  especially 
Mammalia,  which  nature  has  assigned  to 
a particular  country. 

Fanx,;;:'  gen.  Fau'eis.  The  gorge  or 
mouth.  (See  Fauces.)  Applied,  by 
analogy,  to  the  opening  of  the  tube  of  a 
monopetalous  corol. 

Faux,  fo,  feminine  Fansse,  foss. 
The  French  for  False,  which  see.  Faux 
is  also  the  French  term  for  Falx.  See 
next  article. 

Fanx  flu  Cervean,  fo  dii  seR’vo'. 
The  French  term  for  Falx  Cerebri.  See 
Falciform  Process. 

Faux  du  Fervelet,  fo  dii  seRv'l&Z. 
The  French  term  for  Falx  Cerebelli, 
which  see. 

Fa-vose'.  [Favo'sus;  from  fa'cus, 
a “honeycomb.”]  Belonging  to,  or  like, 
a honeycomb. 

Fa'vws.*  A honeycomb.  Applied  to 
a kind  of  pustule.  See  Porrigo. 

Fay'nar*rs  Poxv'der.  A celebrated 
powder  for  stopping  haimorrhage,  said 
to  have  been  nothing  more  than  the 
charcoal  of  beech-wood,  finely-powdered. 

Feather- Veined.  See  Pinnately- 
Veined. 

Fe'breS,-  the  plural  of  Fe'bris. 
Fevers.  An  order  of  the  class  Pyrexise 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Fe-br i c ' u-la/:  [Diminutive  of  /e'- 
bris,  a “fever.”]  A slight  fever. 

Feb'ri-fwge.  [Febrif'ugns;  from 
fe’bris , a “fever,”  and  fid  go,  to  “drive 
away/’]  Having  the  property  of  mode- 
rating or  abating  the  violence  of  fevers. 

Feb'rilc.  [Febri'Iis;  from  fc'bris, 
a “fever.”]  Belonging  to  fever;  feverish. 

Fe'bris.**  [From  fer'veo,  to  “be  hot.”] 
A fever.  See  Fever. 

Feb'nre’s  I^o'tion.  A once  cele- 
brated remedy  for  cancer,  consisting  of 
ten  grains  of  the  white  oxide  of  arsenic 
dissolved  in  a pint  of  distilled  water, 
to  which  are  added  one  ounce  of  the 
Extractum  conii , three  ounces  of  the 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis , and  a drachm 
of  laudanum. 


FEC 


FER 


Feces.  See  Fjeces. 

F£cond,  fAk6jsu'.  The  French  term 
for  Fecund,  which  see. 

Fec'u-la.  [Fsec'ula,  the  diminutive 
of  fsex,  fse'ci8)  “dregs.”]  Originally, 
the  grounds  or  sediment  of  any  liquor; 
any  substance  derived  by  spontaneous 
subsidence  from  a liquid.  The  term  was 
afterwards  applied  to  starch,  which  was 
thus  deposited  by  agitating  the  flour  of 
wheat  in  water;  and,  lastly,  it  denoted 
a peculiar  vegetable  principle,  which, 
like  starch,  is  insoluble  in  cold,  but  com- 
pletely soluble  in  boiling  water,  with 
which  it  forms  a gelatinous  solution. 

Fec'u-lent.  (Fseculen'tus;  from 
fse'ces,  “ dregs.”]  Having  dregs  or  faeces ; 
of  the  nature  of  dregs  or  faeces. 

Fe'ciincl.  [Lat.  Frecun'clus;  Fr. 
Fecond,  fAkbN0'.]  Fruitful ; prolific. 

Fe-cun-<la'tion.  [Ftiecumla'tio, 
o'nis;  from  /cedin' do,  fcecunda'tnm , to 
“make  fruitful.”]  In  Botany,  the  action 
of  the  pollen  on  the  ovule,  which  thereby 
becomes  impregnated.  In  Physiology, 
the  act  of  impregnating,  or  the  state  of 
being  impregnated. 

Fe-cun'di-ty.  [Fcecuii'ditas,  a 'tie; 
from  foecun'dus,  “fruitful.”]  The  power 
of  reproducing;  fruitfulness. 

Feeling’.  See  Touch. 

Feet,  Distortion  of.  See  Talipes. 

Fel,*  gen.  Fel'lis.  (Fr.  Fiel , fe-el'.) 
Gall,  or  bile;  a secretion  found  in  the 
cystis  felled,  or  gall-bladder.  See  Bile. 

Fet  Bo-vi'mim,®  or  Fel  Tau'ri.* 
Gall,  or  bile,  of  the  ox.  See  Bile. 

Fel-liFlu-a  Fas'sio*  (pash'e-o). 
Gall-flux  disease;  an  ancient  name  for 
cholera. 

Fel-lif '!w-us.*  [From  fel , “bile,” 
and  flu'o , to  “flow.”]  Flowing  with,  or 
discharging,  bile.  See  preceding  article. 

Fel'lin-ate.  [Fel'linas,  a'a's.]  A 
combination  of  fellinic  acid  with  a base. 

Fel-lsn'ie.  [Fellfin 'icus ; from  fel) 
“gall,”  or  “bile.”]  Belonging  to  bile,  or 
gall. 

FelMm'ic  A$'id.  A peculiar  sub- 
stance obtained  by  digesting  bilin  with 
dilute  hydrochloric  acid. 

Fe'Io  de  se.*  [Low  Latin  fe'lo , a 
“felon,”  de , “with  respect  to,”  and  se, 
“himself.”]  Literally,  “one  guilty  of 
felony  with  respect  to  himself.”  A term 
in  Medical  Jurisprudence  for  one  who 
commits  suicide. 

Fel'on.  The  name  of  malignant 
whitlow,  in  which  the  effusion  is  beneath 
the  periosteum. 

Feminine.  See  Fcemineus. 

18 


Fem-o-rje'ns.*  Another  name  for  the 
crurseus  muscle,  an  extensor  of  the  leg. 

Fem'o-ral.  [Femora  lis ; from 
fe'mur,  the  “ thigh.”]  Belonging  to  the 
thigh : crural. 

Fem'o-ro-^ele.*  [From  fe'mur,  the 
“thigh,”  and  xriXri,  a “tumor.”]  The 
disorder  termed  Hernia  cruralis. 

Fe'mur,*  gen.  Fem'o-ris.  The 
thigh.  Also,  the  long  cylindrical  bone 
of  the  thigh,  or  Os  femoris.  (Fr.  Os 
de  la  0111886,  5 deh  Id  - kw£ss.)  The 
second  articulation  of  the  feet  of  the 
Arachnides,  Crustacea,  and  In  sect  a. 

Fe-nes'tra.*  [From (paivin,  to  “make 
to  appear.”]  A window.  Applied  to  two 
foramina  of  the  tympanum  of  the  ear. 

Fe-nes'tral.  [flenesSralis ; from 
fenes’tra .]  Belonging  to  windows;  like 
windows. 

Fe-nes'trate.  [Fenestra'tus ; 

from  fenes'tra .]  Pierced  with  holes, 
or  with  openings  like  windows. 

Fen'uel,  Sweet.  The  Anethum  fcenic- 
uhnn. 

Feii'u-Greek,  or  Fen'u-grec.  The 

Trigonel'  la  Foe' mini,  a plant  forming,  it 
is  said,  an  article  of  food  in  Egypt.  It 
grows  also  in  the  south  of  France.  Used 
chiefly  in  veterinary  medicine. 

Fer  (Fr.),  fen.  See  Iron. 

Fer-men-ta'tion.  [Fermenta'tio, 
o'nis;  from  fermen'to,  f ermenta' turn , to 
“leaven.”]  The  spontaneous  changes 
which  aqueous  combinations  of  animal  or 
vegetable  matter  undergo  when  exposed 
to  the  air  at  an  ordinary  temperature. 

Fer-men 'turn.*  Ferment.  The  sub- 
stance which  excites  fermentation.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
“yeast.”  See  preceding  article. 

Ferment 'turn  Cerevi'sia*  (ser-e- 
vish'e-a).  The  scum  or  froth  of  beer 
during  fermentation;  barm;  yeast.  This 
substance  has  been  placed  on  the  pri- 
mary list  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1860. 

Fern,  Male.  See  Aspidium  Filix 
Mas. 

Fe-ro'na-a  El-e-plian'tum.*  [From 
Fero'nia,  the  goddess  of  groves.]  An 
Indian  tree  of  the  order  Aurontiacere : 
it  yields  a gum  resembling  gum  Arabic. 

Fer'ri,*  genitive  of  Ferrum, which  see. 

Fer'ri  Fer-ro-sy-an't-dum.*(“  Fer- 
rocyanide  of  Iron.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.,  1860)  for  Prussian  blue. 

Fer'ri  Fi'lum.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  iron  wire;  the  Fcr~ 
rum  in  fila  tractum  of  the  London  Phar- 
macopoeia. 


201 


FER 


FIB 


Fer'ri,  Ra-men'ta.*  ("  Raspings  of 
Iron.”)  A name  for  iron  filings. 

Fer'rl  Sial-pQm°re'tum.3*  ("  Sul- 
phuret  Oi  Iron/')  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Pa.)  for  the  protosuiphuret 
of  iron,  prepared  by  melting  together 
sublimed  sulphur  and  iron  in  small  pieces. 

Fer-rif  er-ous.  [Ferrif'erus ; 

from  fer'rum , " iron/’  and  fe'ro,  to 
"bear.”]  Containing  iron  in  some  form, 
usually  in  the  state  of  oxide  or  car- 
bonate. 

Fer  ro-.  {From  fer'rum,  " iron.”)  A 
prefix  in  compound  names,  denoting  con- 
nection with  iron. 

Fer'ro-^y-an'ic  A$'id.  A com- 
pound of  cyanogen,  metallic  iron,  and 
hydrogen;  also  called  ferruretted  chyazic 
acid . It  contains  the  elements  of  hydro- 
cyanic acid,  but  differs  from  it  totally  in 
its  properties.  Its  salts,  once  termed  triple 
prussiates,  are  now  called  ferro-cyanates. 

Fer-ru'gin-ous,  or  Fer-rai-gin' 'e- 
©us.  [Ferrugin'eus,  or  Ferrugfi- 
iio'sus ; from  ferru’go,  the  " rust  of 
iron.”]  Full  of  iron-rust;  containing 
iron-rust;  of  a yellowish-brown  color. 

Ferrum.  See  Iron. 

Fer'tlle.  [Fer'tilis;  from  fe'ro , to 
" bring  forth.”]  Fruitful.  Applied  to 
flowers  having  a pistil,  or  producing  seeds 
capable  of  vegetation. 

Fertilization.  See  Fecundation. 

Fer'u-la.*  [From  fe'rio,  to  " strike.”] 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , 
natural  order  Apiacese  (or  U mb  ell  if erse). 

Fer'ula  As-sa-foet'i-da.*  The  plant 
which  yields  assafoetidci. 

Fer  vor.  [From  fer'veo,  to  "boil.”] 
A violent  and  scorching  heat.  Ardor 
denotes  an  excessive  heat;  Color,  a 
moderate  or  natural  heat. 

Fessier,  fes'seA'.  The  French  term 
for  Gluteal  or  Gluteus,  which  see. 

Fes'ter-iiig’.  A word  applied  to  a 
sore,  signifying  the  discharge  either  of 
pus  or  of  a morbid  watery  fluid. 

Fes-tooneiT  Rings.  A popular  de- 
signation of  the  fibrous  zones  or  tendin- 
ous circles  which  surround  the  orifices 
of  the  heart. 

Fe  tal.  [Foeta'lis.]  Belonging  to 
the  foetus. 

Feticide.  See  Fceticide. 

Fet'id.  [Fce'tidus;  from  fce’teo , 
to  " become  putrid.”]  Having  a bad 
smell. 

Fe'tor.  [F«e'tor,o'r/>/  from  foe’teo, 
to  " stink.”]  A bad  smell,  or  stink. 

Fe'ver.  [Lat.  Fe'brin;  Fr.  Fit  ore, 
fe-evR'or  fe-dvR'.]  A condition  charac- 
202 


terized  by  accelerated  pulse,  increased 
heat  of  surface,  loss  of  appetite,  thirst, 
languor,  debility,  unwillingness  to  move, 
and  general  disturbance  of  all  the  func- 
tions. See  Febris,  and  Pyrexia. 

Fever,  Slig-fit.  Sec  Febricula. 

Fe'ver-islu.  [Lat.  Feb'rieins;  Fr. 
Fiecreux,  fe-i'vRUh'.]  A term  applied 
to  the  state  of  one  laboring  under  fever; 
also  to  that  which  causes  fever, 

Fi'foer.*  The  Latin  term  for  the 
" beaver.” 

Fi'bre.  [Fi'bra;  from  fiber,  "ex- 
treme;” because  originally  applied  to 
the  thread-like  radicles  at  the  extremity 
of  a root.]  The  minute  threads  or  fila- 
ments which  occur  in  the  structure  of 
parts  in  animals  and  vegetables. 

Fi'bre,  An'i-mal.  [Fi'bra  Ani- 
ma'lis.]  The  filaments  which  compose 
the  muscular  fasciculi,  the  cellular  mem- 
brane, etc. 

Fi'bre,  Wood'y.  [Fi'bra  ILig-'mea.] 
The  filaments  of  which  any  woody  sub- 
stance is  composed. 

Fibreux,  f&'buuh'.  The  French  term 
for  Fibrous,  which  see. 

Fl'bril.  [Fibril'la;  the  diminutive 
of  fi'bra,  a "fibre.”]  Applied  in  the 
plural  to  the  extremely  slender  filaments 
seen  by  the  microscope,  and  by  the  col- 
lection of  a number  of  which  in  a sheath, 
or  sarcolemma,  a muscular  fibre  (of  ani- 
mal life)  is  formed. 

Fib-ril-la'tus.*  [From  fibril'la,  a 
"little  fibre.”]  Disposed  in  very  delicate 
filaments. 

Fl'brin,  or  Fi'brine.  [Fibri'na; 

from  fi'bra , a "fibre.”]  A peculiar  whit- 
ish, solid,  insipid,  and  inodorous  com- 
pound substance  found  in  animal  and 
vegetable  matter;  coagulable  lymph. 

Fib-riii-o&'e-nous.  [From  fibri'na , 
"fibrin,”  and  ysvvaoi,  to  "produce.”] 
Producing  fibrin.  Applied  by  Virchow 
to  a substance  which  exists  in  lymph  and 
is  converted  into  fibrin  by  exposure  to 
air. 

Fi'br©-.  [From  fi'bra,  a "fibre.”]  A 
prefix  denoting  a fibrous  condition. 

Fi  'bro-Car ' ti-la&e.  Membraniform 
cartilage.  The  substance,  intermediate 
between  proper  cartilage  and  ligament, 
constituting  the  base  of  the  ear,  de- 
termining the  form  of  that  part;  and 
composing  the  rings  of  the  trachea,  the 
epiglottis,  etc.  By  the  older  anatomists 
it  was  termed  ligamentous  cartilage,  or 
cartilagiuiform  ligament.  Fibro-cartilagcs 
are  sometimes  formed  as  the  result  of  a 
morbid  process  in  different  organs. 


FIB 


FIR 


Fi'bro-Plas'tic.  [Fi'bro-Plas'ti- 

cus ; from  fi'bro-,  and  nXaaocj,  to  “ form/’] 
Forming  fibres.  Applied  to  an  organized 
tissue,  from  the  corpuscles  exuded  on 
6ores. 

Fi'brous.  [Fibro'sus;  from  fi'bra, 
a “fibre.”]  (Fr.  Fibreux,  fe'bRuh'.j 
Having  fibres,  or  composed  of  fibres. 

Fib'ii-la.*  Literally,  a “ clasp.”  The 
long  bone  extending  from  the  knee  to  the 
ankle,  on  the  outer  side  of  the  leg. 

Fib'u-lar.  [From  fib'ula.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  fibula. 

Ficati©,*  fi-ka'she-o,  or  Fi'cus.* 
[From  fi'cus,  a “ fig.”]  A fig-like  tubercle 
about  the  anus  or  pudenda. 

FiL'coi<l.  [Ficoi'des;  from fi'cus,  a 
“fig,”  and  elcog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
a fig. 

Ficoideae,*  fi-ko-i'de-e.  A natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Mesembryace^e. 

Fi'cus,*  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Polygamia,  natural  order  Urticacesc. 
Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the 
dried  fruit  of  Ficus  carica , or  fig. 

Ficus*  is  also  the  name  of  a fleshy 
substance,  or  condyloma,  resembling  a 
fig.  See  Ficatio. 

Fi'cus  €ar'i-ca.*  The  fig-tree ; also 
called  F.  commit' nis,  F.  sati'va,  and  F.  v al- 
ga'r is. 

Fi'cus  E-las'tl-ca.*  The  tree  which 
affords  caoutchouc,  or  Indian  rubber. 

Fid'gets.  [Tituba'ti©.]  A term  de- 
noting general  restlessness,  with  a desire 
of  changing  one’s  position. 

Fi-di£-i-na'les.*  [From  fid'icen , a 
“harper.”]  A designation  of  the  lum- 
bricales  (muscles)  of  the  hand,  from  their 
usefulness  in  playing  upon  musical  in- 
struments. 

Fifcvre,  fe-sivR'  or  fe-evR'.  The 
French  term  for  Fever,  which  see. 

Fifevre  Alglde.  See  Algida  Febris. 

Fifcvre  Hecti^ue.  See  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fievre  Jaune.  See  Yellow  Fever. 

Fievreux.  See  Feverish. 

Fiftli  Pair  of  Nerves.  See  Tri- 
gemini. 

Fig1.  See  Ficus. 

Fil'a-ment.  [Filamen'tum;  from 
fi'lum , a “thread.”]  A small,  delicate, 
thread-like  substance ; a fibre.  The 
thread-like  part  of  a stamen. 

Fi-la'ri-a.*  [Froni/&7ftw<,  a “thread.”] 
A thread-like  parasitic  worm,  which  in- 
fests the  cornea  of  the  eye  of  the  horse. 

Fila'ria  Med-i-nen'sis.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Guinea-worm. 

Filicales.  See  Filices. 


Filices,*  fil'e-sez,  the  plural  of  Fi'« 
lix.  Ferns.  A natural  order  of  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  abound  in  tempe- 
rate and  tropical  regions,  remarkable  for 
their  beautiful  plumy  foliage. 

Fil  i-coid.  [Filicoi'des;  from  Fi'- 
lix,  and  eido;,  a “form.”]  Fern-like. 

Fil-i-col/o-g,y.  [From  Fi'lix , a “ fern,” 
and  Xtiyo;,  a “discourse.”]  That  branch 
of  Botany  which  treats  of  ferns. 

Fil'i-form.  [Filifor'mis ; from  fi' - 
lum , a “thread.”]  Having  the  appear- 
ance of  thread. 

Fi'lix,*  gen.  Fil'i-cis.  The  Latin 
word  for  “ fern.”  Applied  in  the  plural 
to  a Linnaean  order  of  Cryptugamia.  ( See 
Filices.)  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  of  the  rhizoma  of  Aspi- 
dinm  filix  mas. 

Fi'lix  Mas.*  Male  Fern.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  rhi- 
zoma of  Aspidium  Filix  Mas,  which  see. 

Film.  The  popular  name  for  opacity 
of  the  cornea. 

Filter.  [Fil'trum.]  An  apparatus 
of  various  construction,  for  the  purposes 
of  filtration. 

Fil'trate.  [From  fil'trum , a “filter.”] 
Any  liquid  strained  or  filtered. 

Fil-tra'tion.  [Filtra'tio,  o'nis; 
from  fil'trum,  a “ filter.”]  The  process  by 
which  a fluid  is  gradually  separated  from 
the  particles  or  impurities  that  may  be 
floating  or  suspended  in  it;  straining. 

Fil'trum.*  Literally,  a “filter.” 
Sometimes  applied  to  the  superficial 
groove  across  the  upper  lip  from  the  par- 
tition of  the  nose  to  the  tip  of  the  lip. 

Fim'bri-a.*  [From  fi'brum,  an  “ ex- 
tremity.”] A border,  or  fringe.  Applied 
in  the  plural  ( fim'brise ) to  the  extremities 
of  the  Fallopian  tubes. 

Fim'bri-ate,  or  Fim'bri-at-ed. 
[Fimbria'tus ; from  fim'bria,  a 
“fringe.”]  Having  a fringe,  or  border. 

Fin'ger  [IMg'itus  Ma  nus],  in  ana- 
tomical language  denotes  one  of  the  five 
extremities  of  the  hand ; in  popular  pan- 
lance,  one  of  the  four  besides  the  thumb. 

Fingered.  See  Digitate. 

Fins.  [Pin'nae.]  Membranous  or- 
gans in  fishes,  somewhat  analogous  to 
hands  and  feet. 

Fire  Damp.  A name  given  by  miners 
to  the  explosive  gas,  consisting  chiefly  of 
light  carburetted  hydrogen,  found  in 
mines. 

First  In-ten'tion.  Union  by  the 
first  intention  means  adhesive  inflam- 
mation without  suppuration,  as  when 
the  lips  of  a wound  made  by  a sharp 
203 


FIS 


FLA 


knife  are  brought  into  immediate  con- 
tact, and  quickly  healed  without  much 
inflammation. 

Fish-Glue.  See  Ichthyocolla. 

Fish-Skin.  See  Ichthyosis. 

Fissile.  [Fis'silis;  from Jin'do,  fis'- 
sm»i,  to  “cleave.”]  Cleavable;  easily  cleft 
or  cloven. 

Fis-sip  'ar-ous.  [Fissip'arus ; 

from  Jin' do,  Jis'sum,  to  “cleave,”  and 
pa'rio,  to  “produce.”]  Producing  off- 
spring by  portions  being  separated  from 
the  parent  individual.  See  next  article. 

Fissip'arous  ^ren-e-ra'tion.  That 
generation  which  occurs  either  by  spon- 
taneous division  of  the  body  of  the  pa- 
rent into  two  or  more  parts,  each  part, 
when  separated,  becoming  a distinct  indi- 
vidual, as  in  the  monad,  vorticella,  etc., 
or  by  artificial  division,  as  in  the  hydra, 
planaria,  etc.  The  propagation  of  plants 
by  slips  furnishes  another  example  of 
this  kind  of  reproduction. 

Fis-sl-pa'tion.  [Fissipa'tio,  o'ma.] 
A faulty  term  for  Fissiparous  Gene- 
ration, which  see. 

Fis-si-ros'tris.*  [From  fin' do,  Jis'- 
8iwi,  to  “cleave,”  and  ros'trnni,  a “ beak.”] 
Applied  in  the  plural  ( Fissiros'tres ) to 
a family  of  birds  having  a broad  beak 
with  an  extended  commissure : fissiros'- 
trate. 

Fis-su'ra  Gla-se'ri-i.*  (“Glaser’s 
Fissure.”)  A fissure  situated  in  the  deep- 
est part  of  the  glenoid  fossa. 

Fissu'ra  L.on-gi-tu-di-na'lis.* 
(“Longitudinal  Fissure.”)  A deep  fis- 
sure observed  in  the  median  line  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  brain,  occupied  by 
the  falx  cerebri  of  the  dura  mater. 

Fissu'ra  Syl'vl-i*  (“Fissure  of 
Sylvius”),  called  also  Fissu'ra  Jlag'- 
11a  Syl'vii*  (“Great  Fissure  of  Syl- 
vius”). A fissure  which  separates  the 
anterior  and  middle  lobes  of  the  cere- 
brum. It  lodges  the  middle  cerebral 
artery. 

Fissu'ra  Fm-bil-I-ca'lis.*  (“Um- 
bilical Fissure.”)  The  groove  of  the  um- 
bilical vein,  situated  between  the  large 
and  small  lobes,  at  the  upper  and  fore 
part  of  the  liver.  This  groove  in  the 
foetus  contains  the  umbilical  vein. 

Fis'sure.  [Fissu'ra;  from  fin’ do, 
Jis'sum,  to  “cleave.”]  Any  deep  ex- 
tended depression. 

Fis'sureof  the  Spleen.  The  groove 
which  divides  the  inner  surface  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  filled  by  vessels  and  fat. 

Fis'sus.*  [From  Jin'do , Jis'sum,  to 
“cleave.”]  Divided;  cleft;  cloven.  I 
204 


Fist.  Armat.  = F is' tula  arma’tafl* 
“A  clyster  pipe  and  bag  fit  for  use.” 

Fis'tu-la.*  [Originally,  a “ pipe.”]  A 
sinuous  ulcer,  having  an  external  open- 
ing often  leading  to  a larger  cavity,  and 
slow  to  heal.  A fistula  is  termed  blind 
when  it  has  but  one  opening,  and  com- 
plete if  it  has  two,  communicating  with  an 
internal  cavity,  and  with  the  surface. 

Fis'tula  in  A 'no.*  (“  Fistula  in  the 

Anus.”)  A fistula  in  the  cellular  sub- 
stance about  the  anus  or  rectum. 

Fis'tu-lous.  [Fistulo'sus;  from Jis'- 
tuln .]  Of  the  nature  of  fistula.  Also  ap- 
plied to  plants  having  many  tubes. 

Fixed  Air.  See  Carbonic  Acid. 

Fixed  Bod'ies.  [Cor'pora  Fix 'a.] 
Substances  which  do  not  evaporate  by 
heat,  especially  those  which  cannot  be 
fused  or  volatilized : as  carbon,  silicon,  etc. 

Fix  i-ty.  [Fix'itas,  a'rfs.]  A pro- 
perty by  which  bodies  withstand  the 
action  of  heat.  See  preceding  article. 

FI.  = Flu'idus*  “ Fluid.” 

Fla-bel'li-form.  [Flabellifor'mis; 
from  /label' him,  a “fan.”]  Fanlike. 

Flacourtiaeeae,*  fiA-koor-te-a'she-e. 
[From  Flacour'tia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  natives  of  the  hottest  parts  of  the 
East  and  West  Indies. 

Flag',  Sweet-Scented.  See  Acorus 
Calamus. 

F la-gel' li -form.  [Flagellifor 'mis ; 

from  flayd' lum,  a “little  whip.”]  Re- 
sembling a little  whip.  A botanical 
term  denoting  “ whiplike.” 

Fla-gel'lum.*  [Diminutive  of  flag' - 
rum,  a “ whip.”]  Applied  in  Botany  to  a 
runner  which  is  long  and  slender,  like  a 
whip. 

Flake-White.  The  subnitrate  of 
bismuth. 

Flame.  [Flam'ma.]  The  com- 
bustion of  any  substance  yielding  an  in- 
flammable gas. 

Flank.  (Fr.  Flanc,  floN°,  the  “ side.”) 
That  part  of  the  body  between  the  false 
ribs  and  the  Ossa  innominata. 

Flash.  A preparation  used  for  color- 
ing brandy  and  rum,  and  giving  them  a 
fictitious  strength ; it  consists  of  an  ex- 
tract of  cayenne  pepper,  or  capsicum  with 
burnt  sugar. 

Flat'u-lence,  or  Flat'u-len-cjr. 
[Flatiilen'tia : from  Jln'tus , “wind.”] 
A collection  of  gas  or  wind  in  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  from  fermentation  or 
chemical  decomposition  of  the  articles 
of  food  taken  into  the  stomach. 

Flat'u-lent.  [Flatulcn  tus ; from 


FLA 


FLO 


the  same.]  Having  flatulence,  or  causing 
flatulence. 

Fla'tus.*  [From  flo,  fla'tum,  to 
“blow."]  Wind,  or  gas,  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels : flatulency. 

Flax.  The  Li'num  usitatis'  simum. 

Flax,  Pnrg'ing.  The  Linum  cath- 
articum. 

Fleam.  [Flam'ma,  or  Flam 'inula.] 

An  instrument  for  lancing  the  gums  and 
for  bleeding  horses. 

Fl^cliisseur.  See  Flexor. 

Flesli.  [Lat.  Ca'ro,  Car'nis;  Fr. 
Chair , sheR.]  The  muscles,  and  generally 
the  soft  parts,  of  an  animal.  Sometimes 
applied  to  the  fruit,  leaves,  etc.  of  plants, 
when  of  a thick  consistence,  somewhat 
like  flesh. 

Flesh,  Proud.  See  Proud  Flesh. 

Fleshy.  See  Carneus,  and  Car- 
kosus. 

Flex'ile.  [Flex'ilis:  from  flee' to, 
flex' um,  to  “bend.”]  Flexible;  easily 
bent. 

Flex'ion.  [Flex'io,  o 'nis;  from  the 
same.]  The  state  of  being  bent. 

Flex'or,  o'r is*  [From  the  same.] 
(Fr.  Flechisseur,  flAsh^'suR'.)  Literally, 
a “ bender;”  applied  to  muscles. 

Flex'or  Car  pi  Ra-di-a'lis.*  (“  Ra- 
dial Flexor  of  the  Wrist.")  See  Pal- 
marts  Magnus. 

Flex'or  Lon'gus  Dig-i-to'rum 

Pe'dis.*  (“Long  Flexor  of  the  Fingers 
of  the  Foot.")  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tibia,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  toes.  It 
bends  the  toes,  and  extends  the  foot  upon 
the  leg. 

Flex'or  Fon'gus  Pol'li-cis.* 

(“  Long  Flexor  of  the  Thumb.")  A muscle 
which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  radius  and  interosseous  ligament, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  second  phalanx 
of  the  thumb.  It  bends  the  thumb  and 
hand. 

Flex'or  Lon'gus  Pol'licis  Pe'dis.* 

(“Long  Flexor  of  the  Thumb  of  the 
Foot,  or  Great  Toe”)  It  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  fibula,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  second  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe.  It  bends  the  toe. 

Flex'u-ous,  or  Flex'u-ose.  [Flex- 
uo'sus;  from  the  same.]  Having  many 
bendings,  or  turnings;  zigzag. 

Flint.  [Si'lex.]  A mineral  consist- 
ing of  silicious  earth,  nearly  pure. 

Flint,  Liiq'uor  of,  or  Liq  uor  Sil'- 
Vcum.*  A name  formerly  given  to  the 
solution  of  silicated  alkali. 

Floating.  Se«  Natans. 

18* 


Float'ing  Ribs.  [Cos'tsc  Flue* 
tuan'tes.]  The  last  two  false  ribs, 
whose  anterior  extremities  are  not  con- 
nected with  the  rest,  or  with  each  other. 

Floc'^i,*  the  plural  of floe' cut,  a “ lock 
or  little  particle  of  wool,  cotton,"  etc. 

Floc'^i  Vol-i-tan'tes.*  The  ima- 
ginary objects  floating  before  the  eyes, 
in  cases  of  depraved  sight.  See  Muscle 
Yolitantes. 

Floccilatio,*  flok-se-la'she-o.  See 
Floccillation. 

Floc-^il-lation.  [Floccilla'tio, 

o' nis;  from  floe'e  as,  a“lock  of  wool," 
the  “ nap  of  clothes."]  The  picking  of 
the  bedclothes, — a symptom  betokening 
extreme  danger.  See  Carphology. 

Floc'cu-lus,*  otherwise  called  Lo'- 
bns  Nervi  Pneu-mo-gas'trl-ci.* 
(“Lobe  of  the  Pneumogastric  Nerve.") 
A term  applied  to  the  pneumogastric 
lobule  of  the  cerebellum  ; its  form  is  that 
of  a small  foliated  or  lamellated  tuft. 

Flood  ing,  [llieniorrha'gia  Fte- 
ri'na.]  The  popular  term  for  uterine 
haemorrhage;  more  particularly  in  con- 
nection with  parturition. 

Flo'ra.*  [From  flos,  flo’ris,  a 
“flower."]  Originally,  the  Goddess  of 
Flowers.  The  Flora  of  any  country  (or 
district)  is  the  entire  assemblage  of 
plants  which  nature  has  allotted  to  it. 
Also,  a systematic  description  of  those 
plants. 

Flo'ral.  [Flora'Iis;  from  flos,  a 
“flower."]  Belonging  to  flowers. 

Floral  Feaf.  ’See  Bractea. 

Flor'en-tine  Or'ris.  The  Iris  Flor- 
entina. 

Flo'res.*  (The  plural  of  Flos,  which 
see.)  “ Flowers."  A term  formerly  used 
to  denote  such  bodies  as  assume  a pul- 
verulent form  by  sublimation  or  crystalli- 
zation. 

Flo'res  Antimo'nii.*  (“  Flowers  of 
Antimony.")  They  consist  of  small, 
elongated,  and  very  brilliant  crystals  of 
the  sesquioxide  of  antimony. 

Flo'res  Bismu'thi.*  (“Flowers  of 
Bismuth.")  A yellowish  oxide  of  bis- 
muth. 

Flo'res  Sul'phuris.*  (“  Flowers  of 
Sulphur.")  Sublimed  sulphur. 

Flo'res  Zin'ci.*  (“Flowers  of  Zinc.") 
Oxide  of  zinc,  or  philosophical  wool. 

Flo-res'^ence.  [Florescen'tia ; 
from flores'eo,  to  “flower,"  to  “flourish."] 
The  act  of  flowering,  in  plants;  also,  the 
season  of  flowering. 

Floret.  See  Flosculus. 

Florideae.  See  Ceramiacea3. 

205 


FLO 


FLY 


rio-riff  er-ous.  [Florif  erus;  from 
flos,  a ‘‘flower,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  flowers. 

Flos,*  gen.  Flo'ris.  A “flower.” 
That  part  of  a plant  which  comprises 
the  organs  of  reproduction,  the  essential 
parts  of  which  are  stamens  and  pistils. 
These  in  a complete  flower  are  sur- 
rounded by  two  envelopes,  of  which  the 
inferior  or  exterior  is  called  the  calyx, 
or  cup  ; the  superior  or  interior  is  termed 
the  corolla.  See  Corolla,  and  Calyx. 

Flos  dG»ru'gi-nis.i:  (“  Flower  of 
Verdigris.”)  Capri  acetas,  or  acetate  of 
copper,  sometimes  called  distilled  or 
crystallized  verdigris. 

Flos'cu-lous.  [Flosciilo'siis;  from 
flos' cuius .]  Having  many  florets  : flos'- 
culose. 

Flos'cu-IuS.*  [Diminutive  of  jlos,  a 
“ flower.”]  A little  flower;  a fl  >ret. 

Flour.  See  Farina,  and  Pollen. 

Flower.  See  Flos. 

Flowers.  See  Flores. 

Flowers  of  Antimony,  Sulphur, 
etc.  See  Flores. 

Flu'ate.  [Flu'as,  a rtis.]  A combi- 
nation of  fluoric  acid  with  a base. 

Fluc-tu-a'tion.  [Fluctua'tio, 

o fnis;  from fluc'tuo,  fluctua' turn,  to  “rise 
in  waves.”]  Applied  to  the  undulation 
of  a fluid  within  the  body,  ascertained 
by  the  proper  application  of  the  fingers, 
or  the  hind,  or  by  succussion. 

Flu  ill.  [Flu'idus;  from  flu'o,  to 
“ flow.”]  Having  particles  easily  sepa- 
rable, yielding  to  the  least  pressure,  and 
moving  over  each  other  in  every  direction. 

Flu'iil  of  €o-tmi'iii-ais.  It  has  been 
also  called  A' qua  Labyrin'  thi  (“  Water 
of  the  Labyrinth”),  and  by  Breschet, 
the  perilymph.  A thin  gelatinous  fluid, 
found  in  the  bony  cavities  of  the  laby- 
rinth of  the  ear:  so  called  from  the  name 
of  the  anatomist  who  first  distinctly  de- 
scribed it. 

Fiu-id'i-ty.  [Fluid'itas,  a'fts.]  The 
quality  of  being  fluid. 

Flu'i-tlraclim.  [Fluidracli'ma; 

from  fla'idas,  “fluid,”  and  drach'ma,  a 
“drachm.”]  Sixty  minims:  a fluid 
drachm. 

Flu-id-un'cia*  (-un'she-a).  [From 
fla'idas , and  nn'cia,  an  “ounce.”]  Eight 
fluidrachms:  a fluid  ounce. 

Fluke.  An  intestinal  worm.  See 
D I STOMA. 

Flu-o-bo'rate.  [Fluobo'ras,  a'//*.] 
A combination  of  fluoboric  acid  with  a 
base. 

Flu-o-bo'ric.  [Fluobo'ricus;  from 
2U6 


fluo'rium , “ fluorin,”  and  bo'rium , 

“ boron.”]  Composed  of  fluorin  and  bo- 
ron. Applied  to  an  acid. 

Flu'or,  o'ris.*  [From  flu'o,  to 
“flow.”]  A flowing,  or  flux.  Also, 
fluorin,  a simple  body,  the  existence  of 
which  is  predicated  on  mere  analogy. 
The  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a dis 
eased  condition  of  the  mucous  secretion 
of  the  vagina.  See  Leucorrhcea. 

Fluor  Al'bus.*  (“White  Flux.”) 
See  Leucorrhiea. 

Flu 'or  Spar.  (So  called  from  its  as  - 
sisting the  fusion  of  earthy  minerals 
in  metallurgic  operations.)  Derbyshire 
spar;  properly,  fluoride  of  calcium. 

Flu-or-a'tus.*  Having  or  contain- 
ing fluorine:  flu'orated.  Hydrofluoric 
acid  has  been  called  fluorated  hydrogen. 

Flu-or'ic.  [Fluor'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  fluorin. 

Fluor'ic  A$'id.  An  acid  obtained 
by  treating  fluor  spar  with  sulphuric 
acid.  Owing  to  its  destructive  proper- 
ties, it  has  been  termed  phthore  (from 
< pOopiog , “destructive”). 

Flu'o- ride.  A combination  of  fluorin 
with  a base. 

Flu'or-iu,  or  Flu'or-iue.  [Fluo'- 
rium.] The  supposed  primary  princi- 
ple of  hydrofluoric  acid,  found  chiefly  in 
fluor  spar.  See  Fluor. 

Flu-or'u-ret.  [Fluoruretum ; 
from  fluo’rium .]  A combination  of  flu- 
orin with  a simple  body. 

Flu'vi-al,  Flu'vi-a-lile.  [Fluviat'- 
ilis;  from  flu'vius,  a “river.”]  Belong- 
ing to  a river. 

Flux.  [Flux'us;  from  flu'o,  flux' um, 
to  “ flow.”]  Any  excessive  discharge 
from  the  bowels  or  other  organs.  Ap- 
plied in  Chemistry  to  any  substance 
used  to  promote  the  fusion  of  metals. 
See  Flux,  Chemical. 

Flux,  Black.  See  Black  Flux. 

Flux,  CBieiii'I-cal.  A substance  or 
mixture  much  employed  to  assist  the 
fusion  of  minerals.  Alkaline  fluxes  are 
generally  used,  which  render  the  earthy 
mixtures  fusible  by  converting  them  into 
glass. 

Flux'ion.  [Flux'io,  o'nis ; from 
flu'o,  flux' am,  to  “flow.”]  The  change 
of  metals  or  other  bodies  from  solid  to 
fluid  by  the  agency  of  heat;  fusion. 

Flux'us  Cap-il-lo'runi.*  (“Flow- 
ing or  Passing  Away  of  the  Hair.”)  A 
term  applied  by  Celsus  to  alopecia,  or 
the  falling  off  of  the  hair. 

Fly  Pow'der.  (Fr.  Poudre  it  Mo  aches, 
poodu  & moosh'.)  A black  powder  formed 


FLY 


FOO 


by  the  exposure  of  metallic  arsenic  to 
a moist  atmosphere  till  it  becomes  partly 
oxidized. 

Flying  Blisters.  See  Blisters, 
Flying. 

Fo'cus,*  plural  Fo'^i.  Literally,  a 
“hearth”  or  “fireplace.”  Applied  in 
Astronomy  to  the  two  points  ( Fo'ci ) 
within  the  elliptical  orbit  of  a planet 
round  the  sun.  In  Optics,  the  point  of 
convergence  of  the  rays  of  light  after 
passing  through  a convex  lens,  or  being 
reflected  from  a concave  mirror. 

Feecumlitas.  See  Fecundity. 

F«eiii-iia'e-ans.;:  [From  fcem'ina,  a 

“woman.”]  Belonging  to  a female; 
feminine. 

Fcp-nie'n-lum.$  Fennel.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  fruit  of 
Foeniculum  vulgare , dulce,  or  officinale; 
the  Anethum fceniculum.  Fennel-seed  is 
a grateful  aromatic,  and  is  much  used  as 
a carminative,  and  especially  to  correct 
the  action  of  other  medicines,  as  senna, 
rhubarb,  etc. 

F«enic'uluin  ttul'ce,*  Feemic'u- 
lmm  Ger-man  i-cimi.1'  The  Anethum 
fceniculum , or  sweet  fennel. 

F<ceticide,  fe'ti-sid.  [Fcetici'dium ; 
from  foe'tus,  and  cse'do,  to  “kill.”]  The 
murder  of  the  foetus  in  utero;  criminal 
abortion. 

Foe' tuns,*  or  Fe'tcis.  (Fr.  Faix,  f&.) 
The  child  in  utero  from  the  fifth  month 
of  pregnancy  till  birth. 

Foie  (Fr.),  fw&.  See  Liver. 

Folia.  See  Folium. 

Fo'lia  Cer-e-tael'li.*  [From/o'Jtujw, 
any  sort  of  leaf.]  An  assemblage  of 
gray  laminae  observed  on  the  surface  of 
the  cerebellum. 

Fo-li-a'ceous.  [Folia'ceias : from 
fo'lium , a “ leaf.”]  Full  of  leaves ; leafy. 

Fo'fli-ate.  [Folia'tms;  from  the 
same.]  Clothed  with  leaves;  leafy. 

Fo-li-a/ttom.  [FoIia'tio,o'«isy  from 
the  same.]  The  putting  forth  of  leaves; 
arrangement  of  leaves  in  the  bud.  Also, 
the  act  of  beating  a metal  into  thin 
leaves. 

FoSae,  fo'l&'.  The  French  term  for 
Insanity,  which  see. 

Fo-Mf 'er-ouas.  [Foliif'erns,  or 
FoMf 'eims ; from  fo'lium , a “leaf,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  producing 
leaves. 

Fo'IS-ole.  [Foli'olmm.]  Diminutive 
of  Fo'lium.  A little  leaf,  or  leaflet. 

Fo'li-mm,*  plural  Fo'li-a.  [From 
<pv XXov,  a “leaf.”]  The  leaf  of  a plant. 
A thin  plate  of  metal. 


Fol'll-cle.  [Follic'ulus;  diminu- 
tive of  fol’lis,  a “bag.”]  A little  bag. 
Applied  in  Anatomy  to  a very  small 
secretory  cavity.  In  Botany  it  denotes 
a simple  pod  opening  by  the  inner 
suture,  differing  from  the  legume,  w hich 
opens  by  both  sutures. 

Fol-lic'u-late.  [Fcllfcula'tus ; 
from  follic'ulus,  a “follicle.”]  Having 
follicles. 

Fol-lic'u-lose,  or  Fol-lie'u-lous. 
[Folliculo'sus ; from  follic'ulus,  a 
“follicle.”]  Having  numerous  follicles. 

Follacuflus.  See  Follicle. 

Fol-lic'u-lus A'er-is.*  (“Little  Bag 
of  Air.”)  The  space  at  the  broad  end  of 
an  egg. 

Fo-meu-ta'tion.  [Fomenta'tio, 

o'  in’s ; from  fo'veo,  to  “keep  warm.”] 
The  application  of  any  warm,  soft,  me- 
dicinal substance  to  some  part  of  the 
body,  by  which  the  vessels  are  relaxed, 
and  their  morbid  action  sometimes  re- 
moved. 

Fo' nines,**  gen.  Fom'i-tis.  [From 
the  same.]  Any  porous  substance  capa- 
ble of  absorbing  contagious  effluvia,  as 
woollen  clothing,  etc.  See  Fomites. 

Fom'I-tes,*  the  plural  of  Fo'mcs. 
Applied  to  goods,  clothing,  or  other 
materials  imbued  with  contagion. 

Fonctiou,  f7>NG'se-6NG'.  The  French 
term  for  Function,  which  see. 

Fongosit£,  ft>NG'go'ze't&/.  The  French 
term  for  Fungosity,  which  see. 

Fonguenx,  f6riG'guh\  The  French 
term  for  Fungous,  which  see. 

Fong'us,  ffm^giiss'.  The  French 
term  for  Fungus,  which  see. 

Fons  Pul-sa'tSl-is.*  (“Pulsating 
Fountain.”)  The  anterior  fontanel,  be- 
cause for  years  after  birth  arterial  pul- 
sation may  be  there  perceived.  See 
Fontanel. 

Fou'tia-nel.  [Foittameria;  diminu- 
tive of  fons,  a “fountain:”  so  named 
because  the  pulsating  of  the  artery  was 
imagined  to  resemble  the  bubbling  of  a 
fountain.]  (Fr.  Fontanelle,  ft)NG't&'nell'.) 
The  quadrangular  space  between  the 
frontal  and  two  parietal  bones  in  very 
young  children.  A smaller  one,  trian- 
gular, sometimes  exists  between  the 
occipital  and  parietal  bones. 

Fon-tac/u-lus.&  [Diminutive  of 
fons,  a “fountain.”]  An  issue,  or  arti- 
ficial ulcer.  See  Issue. 

Food.  See  Aliment,  Alitura,  and 
Pabulum. 

Foot.  See  Pes. 

Foot-BatSe.  See  Pediluvium. 

207 


FOO 


FOR 


Foot  -Jaws.  The  extremities  of  the 
last  three  pairs  of  feet  in  most  Crus- 
tacea. 

Foot-Stalk.  See  Pedicel,  Pedun- 
cle, Petiole. 

Fo-ra'men,*  gen.  Fo-rami-nis, 

nominative  plural  Fo-ram'i-na.  [From 
fo'ro,  to  “bore  a hole.”]  A hole,  or 
opening. 

Foramen  (tee'ciim.*  (“Blind 
Hole.”)  The  hole  at  the  root  of  the 
spine  of  the  frontal  bone  ; so  called  from 
its  not  perforating  the  bone  or  leading 
to  any  cavity.  Also  the  designation  of 
a little  sulcus  of  the  brain,  situated  be- 
tween the  Corpora  pyramidalia  and  the 
Pons  Varolii. 

Fora'men  Cse'cum  (of  Morg-ag'- 

ni,  m :>r-g&n'y£).  A deep  mucous  folli- 
cle, situated  at  the  meeting  of  the  papil- 
lae circumvallatae  upon  the  middle  of  the 
root  of  the  tongue. 

Fora'men  In-ci-si'vum.*  The 

opening  immediately  behind  the  incisor 
teeth. 

Fora'men  Mag'nuan  4>e-cip'I-tis.* 

(“Great  Opening  of  the  Occiput.”)  The 
great  opening  at  the  under  and  fore  part 
of  the  occipital  bone,  through  which  the 
spinal  marrow  passes,  with  its  vessels 
and  membranes. 

Fora'men  of  Mon-ro',  Fora'men 
Com-mu'ne  An-te'ri-us.*  An  open- 
ing under  the  arch  of  the  fornix  of  the 
cerebrum,  by  which  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles communicate  with  each  other,  with 
the  third  ventricle,  and  with  the  infun- 
dibulum. 

Fora'men  of  Wins'low.  An  aper- 
ture situated  behind  the  capsule  of  Glis- 
son,  first  described  by  Winslow,  and 
forming  a communication  between  the 
large  sac  of  the  omentum  and  the  cavity 
of  the  abdomen. 

Fora'men  O-va'le.*  (“  Oval  Open- 
ing.”) An  opening  situated  in  the  par- 
tition which  separates  the  right  and  left 
auricles  in  the  foetus.  It  is  also  called 
the  Foramen  op  Botal.  The  same  term 
is  applied  to  an  oval  aperture  communi- 
cating between  the  tympanum  and  the 
vestibule  of  the  ear. 

Fora'men  Piicumat'icum;l:  (nu- 
m it'i-kum).  (“Pneumatic  Foramen.”) 
A l irge  aperture  near  one -end  of  the  long 
air-bones  of  birds,  communicating  with 
the  interior. 

Fora'men  Ro-tun'dum.*  (“Round 
Opening.”)  The  round,  or,  more  cor- 
rectly, triangular  aperture  of  the  inter- 
nal ear.  This,  and  the  Foramen  ovale , 
208 


are  respectively  synonymous  with  Fenes- 
tra ovalis  and  Fenestra  rotunda. 

Fora'men  Sn'pra-Or-bit-a'rl- 

um.*  (“Supra-Orbital  Opening.”)  The 
supra-orbital  hole  or  notch,  situated  on 
the  ridge  over  which  the  eyebrow  is 
placed.  It  gives  passage  to  the  super- 
ciliary artery. 

Fora'men  Ve-sa'll-i.*  (“  Foramen 
of  Vesalius.”)  An  indistinct  hole,  situ- 
ated between  the  foramen  rot  nudum  and 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid  bone : it 
was  particularly  pointed  out  by  Vesa- 
lius. 

Fo-ram'I-na.*  The  plural  of  Fora- 
men, which  see. 

Fo-ram'I-nat-ed.  [Foramina'! ns ; 

from  fora'men,  a “hole.”]  Pierced  with 
small  holes. 

Fo-ram-in-if'er-ous.  [Foramin- 

if'erns;  from  fora'men , a “hole,”  and 
fe}ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  having 
foramina. 

For'ceps,*  gen.  For'^I-pis.  [As  if 

Fer'riceps ; from  fer'rum,  “iron,”  and 
ca'pio , to  “take.”]  Originally,  a “pair 
of  tongs  or  pincers.”  Applied  in  Ob- 
stetrics to  an  instrument  consisting  of 
a pair  of  curved  blades,  for  the  purpose 
of  grasping  the  head  of  the  foetus  and 
bringing  it  through  the  passages,  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  difficult  labor.  Also,  to 
various  surgical  instruments,  of  diverse 
construction,  for  seizing  hold  of  objects, 
etc.  Applied  in  Zoology  to  the  claws  of 
certain  Crustacese. 

Forces  of  Medicines.  See  Dyn- 
amics. 

Fore'-Arm.  [Antibra'cliiuin.] 

The  cubitus,  that  portion  of  the  arm 
between  the  elbow  and  wrist.  In  Orni- 
thology, the  second  part  of  the  anterior 
extremity  which  supports  the  wing. 

Forehead.  See  Frons,  and  Sinciput. 

For'eign  Body.  Any  substance 
which  is  left  in  a wound  and  keeps  up 
irritation,  preventing  its  cure,  as  a bullet, 
a piece  of  broken  glass,  a splinter,  nail, 
etc. 

Fo-ren'sic  Med'I-cIne.  Such  parts 
of  medicine  as  are  connected  with  judi- 
cial inquiries.  See  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence. 

Fore-Shin.  See  Prepuce. 

Forgetfulness.  See  Amnesia. 

Forked.  See  Furcate. 

For' mate,  For'mi-ate.  [For 'mas, 
or  For'mias.  a'f/s.]  A combination  of 
formic  acid  with  a base. 

For'mic.  [Formi'ens;  from  for - 
mi'ea,  the  “ant.”]  Applied  to  an  acid 


FOR 


FRA 


obtained  by  distillation  of  ants  and 
water. 

For-mi'ca.:}  Literally,  an  “ant."  A 
term  applied  by  the  Arabians  to  Herpes, 
from  its  creeping  progress. 

Formi  ca  Ru'fa.*  The  ant,  emmet, 
or  pismire,  which  contains  an  acid  juice 
and  oil  supposed  to  possess  aphrodisiac 
virtues. 

For-ini-ca'tion.  [Form  tea' tio, 

o 'nis,  a tingling  like  the  stinging  of  ants; 
from  formi’ca,  an  “ ant/’]  (Fr.  Fourmille - 
meat,  fooR'in^I'inoN0'.)  A sense  of  prick- 
ing or  tingling  on  the  surface  of  the 
body. 

For-mi^'ic.  The  same  as  Formic. 

For' mu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  for'ma, 
a “ form.”]  A short  form  of  prescription 
in  practice,  in  place  of  the  more  full  in- 
struction in  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

For'myle,  Fer-chlo'ride  of.  The 
fluid  substance  Chloroform. 

For'ni-cate.  [Fornica'tus;  from 
for’ nix,  a “ vault,”  for’nicor,  to  “be 
arched.”]  Arched;  vaulted. 

For-ni^'i-form.  [Foniicifor'inis; 
from  for’ nix,  a “vault.”]  Resembling 
an  arch,  or  vault;  vaulted. 

For'mx,*  gen.  For'ni-cis.  An  arch 
or  vault.  A white,  fibrous,  triangular 
substance  of  the  brain  beneath  the 
Corpus  callosum  and  Septum  lucidum ; 
so  called  because  it  has  a somewhat 
arched  appearance:  also  termed  Corpus 
psaloides. 

Fos'sa.*  [From  fo’dio , fos’sum,  to 
“ dig.”]  Originally,  a “ ditch”  or  “fosse.” 
A depression,  or  sinus.  Also,  the  Puden- 
dum muliebre. 

Fos  sa  IXy-a-lo-i'cle-a.*  [See  Hy- 
aloid.] The  cup-like  excavation  of  the 
vitreous  humor,  in  which  the  crystalline 
lens  is  imbedded. 

Fos'sa  Iii-nom-i-na'ta.*  (“  Un- 
named Fossa.”)  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  the  anthelix  of  the  ear. 

Fos'sa  Faclk-ry-ma'lis.*  (“Lach- 
rymal Fossa.”)  A depression  in  the 
frontal  bone  for  the  reception  of  the 
lachrymal  gland. 

Fossa  Xa-vic-u-la'ris.*  (“Navic- 
ular or  Boat-Shaped  Fossa.”)  The 
superficial  depression  which  separates 
the  two  roots  of  the  anthelix;  also  called 
Sca’pha , or  “ little  boat.”  Applied  also 
to  the  dilatation  towards  the  extremity 
of  the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra. 
Also,  the  name  of  a small  cavity  imme- 
diately within  the  fourchette. 

Fos'sa  O-va'lis.*  (“  Oval  Fossa.”) 
The  oval  depression  presented  by  the 


septum  of  the  right  auricle  of  the 
heart. 

Fos'sa  Fi-tu-i-ta'ri-a.*  (“Pitui- 
tary Fossa.”)  The  sella  turcica,  or  cavity 
in  the  sphenoid  bone,  for  receiving  the 
pituitary  body. 

Fos'sa  Sca-ptio-i'des.*  A term 
synonymous  with  Fossa  Navicularis. 

Fos'sa  Syl'vi-i.*  (“  Fossa  of  Syl- 
vius.”) A designation  of  the  fifth  ven- 
tricle of  the  brain. 

Fos'sil.  [Fos'silis;  from  fo’dio,fos’- 
sum,  to  “dig.”]  That  which  is  dug  out 
of  the  earth.  Applied  to  organic  re- 
mains, animal  and  vegetable,  found  in 
the  strata  of  the  earth. 

Fos-sil-if 'er-ous.  [Fossili  Ferns ; 
from  fos' sills,  and  fe'ro , to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing,  or  containing,  fossil  specimens. 

Fos-sil-i-za'lion.  [Fossil  iza'lio, 
o ’nia;  from  fos’silis,  “fossil.”]  The 
process  of  converting  into  a fossil. 

Fotns.  See  Fomentation. 

Foil,  foo.  The  French  term  for  In- 
sane, which  see. 

Fourehettc  (Fr.),  foon'shett'.  [Lat. 
Fur'cula.]  Literally,  a “ fork.”  The 
posterior  commissure  of  the  Labia  nia- 
jorapudendi.  In  Comparative  Anatc  my, 
the  prominent  portion  in  the  centre  of 
the  plantar  surface  of  the  horse’s  foot, 
shaped  like  the  letter  V,  called  in  com- 
mon language  the  “ frog  of  the  foot.” 
Applied  also  to  the  breast-bone  (merry- 
thought) of  birds. 

Fourmilleinent,  fooR'mel'moNa'. 
The  French  term  for  Formication, 
which  see. 

Fousel  Oil.  See  Fusel  Oil. 

Fo've-ate.  [Fovea'tus;  from  fo’vca, 
a “pit,”  a “ depression.”]  Having  a de- 
pression or  depressions ; pitted. 

Fo-ve'o-late,  Fo-ve-o-la'ri-ous. 
[Foveola'tns,  Foveola'rius ; from 
fove’ola,  diminutive  of  fo’vea,  a “pit.”] 
Having  little  unequal  pits  or  depres- 
sions. 

Fo-vil'la.*  [Perhaps  from  fo’veo,  to 
“foster;”  because  it  fosters  or  keeps 
alive  the  vital  principle  in  the  plant.] 
The  fecundating  liquor  contained  in  the 
grains  of  pollen. 

Fowler’s  Solution.  See  Liquor 
Arsenicalis. 

Fox'-CJlove.  The  Digitalis  pur- 
purea. 

Frac-to'ra.*  [From  f ran’ go,  frac’- 

tum , to  “ break.”]  Fracture.  A genus 
of  the  order  Dialyses,  class  Locales,  of 
Cullen’s  Nosology.  In  Surgery,  the  so- 
lution of  continuity  of  a bone,  generally 
209 


FRA 


FRX 


by  external  force,  but  occasionally  by 
the  powerful  action  of  muscles. 

Fracture.  See  Fractura. 

Frac  ture,  Com'min-ut-ed.  A frac- 
ture in  which  the  bone  is  broken  or 
crushed  into  several  pieces. 

Fracture,  Compound.  See  Com- 
pound Fracture. 

Frac'ture,  Sim 'pie.  A fracture  in 
which  the  bone  only  is  divided,  without 
any  external  wound. 

Frse'na,*  the  plural  of  Fr^enum,  which 
see. 

Frae'na  Ep-i-glotli-dis.*  (“  Curbs 
of  the  Epiglottis/’)  Three  folds  of  mu- 
cous membrane  which  unite  the  epiglottis 
to  the  os  hyoides  and  the  tongue. 

Frse'na  of  the  VaSvule  of 
Bauhin.  The  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni to  the  rugm  or  lines  observed  at 
the  extremities  of  the  lips  of  the  valvule 
of  Bauhin,  or  ileo-colic  valve. 

Fraeu'u-lum.*  [Diminutive  of  frse’- 
num,  a “bridle.”]  A “little  bridle.” 
Sometimes  used  for  Frsenum. 

Frse'num,*  plural  Frse'na.  (Fr. 
Frein,  fRa,N«.)  Literally,  a “bridle,”  or 
“curb.”  A part  which  performs  the 
office  of  a check  or  curb. 

Frse'num  Eab-i-o'rnm.*  The 
fourchette,  or  lower  commissure  of  the 
labia  majora  pudendi. 

Fric'nwm  Ein'gnse.*  (“Bridle  of 
the  Tongue.”)  A fold  formed  at  the  under 
surface  of  the  tongue  by  the  mucous 
membrane  lining  the  mouth.  Infants 
are  said  to  be  tongue-tied  when  the 
fraenum  is  very  short,  or  continued  too 
far  forward  towards  the  tip  of  the 
tongue. 

Frse'num  of  the  ITn'der  Lip. 
[Frie'num  La'bai  Inferio'ris.]  A 

fold  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouth,  formed  opposite  to  the  symphysis 
of  the  chin. 

Frse'nmn  Pra5pulii*(pre-pu'she-i). 
A triangular  f )ld,  connecting  the  prepuce 
with  the  under  part  of  the  glans  penis. 

Fra-gil'I-tas  Os'si-um.*  A morbid 
“brittleness  of  the  bones.”  See  Molli- 
ties  Ossium. 

Fra^'ment.  [Fra^men'tuin  ;from 

f ran’ go,  to  “ break. ”J  A piece  of  a thing 
broken.  A splinter  or  detached  portion 
of  a fractured  bone. 

Framboesia,*  fram-be'she-a.  (Fr. 
Framboise,  a “ raspberry.”)  The  yaws. 
A genus  of  the  order  fmpetigenes , class 
Cachexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Francoacesc,**  fran-ko-a'she-e. 
[From  Fran’ coa,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
210 


natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  Chili. 

Fran-gi-pam'.  An  extract  of  milk, 
for  preparing  artificial  milk,  made  by 
evaporating  skimmed  milk  to  dryness, 
mixed  with  almonds  and  sugar. 

Frankeniacese,*  fran-ke-ne-a'she-e. 
[From  Franke'nia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  found  in  Europe,  Africa,  and  Aus- 
tralia. 

Frankincense.  See  Olibanum, 
and  Thus. 

Frank'in-cense,  Com'mon.  The 

Abietis  re8ina. 

Fra-se'ra.  ;:  American  Columbo.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  Frasera  Walteri. 

Fraxl-nine.  [Fraxini'na.]  A 

crystallizable  bitter  principle  obtained 
from  the  Fraxinus  excelsior,  a species  of 
ash. 

Fraxl-nns.*  (Fr.  Frene,  fRen  or 
fR&n.)  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Pohjgamia,  natural  order  Oleacese.  The 
ash-tree. 

Fraxinus  Ornus.  See  Ornus. 

Frax'imns  Ro-tti n-di-ie ' A 

tree  from  which  manna  is  said  to  be  ob- 
tained. 

Freckle.  See  JEstates,  Ephelis, 
and  Lentigo.  - 

Freezing  Mix'tnre.  A mixture 

by  which  artificial  cold  is  produced. 

Freezing'  Point.  The  point  at  which 
water  freezes,  being  32°  above  zero  in 
Fahrenheit’s  thermometer ; in  Reaumur’s 
and  the  Centigrade,  it  is  taken  as  zero. 

Frein,  fRaN®.  The  French  term  for 
Fraenum,  which  see. 

Frem'I-tns.*  [From  fre’mo,  frem’i- 
tum,  to  “roar,”  to  “fret,”  to  “murmur.”] 
An  irregular,  rapid,  oscillating  commo- 
tion of  the  muscular  system. 

French  Ber'ries.  The  fruit  of 
several  species  of  lthamnus  (or  Buck- 
thorn), called  by  the  French  Graincs 
d’ Avignon  (gRen  or  gain  d&vven'y6N«') : 
they  yield  a yellow  color. 

French  Polish.  Gum  lac  dissolved 
in  spirits  of  wine. 

French  Red,  or  Rouge  (roozh). 
Genuine  carmine,  mixed  with  fine  sifted 
starch  powder,  according  to  the  shade 
required. 

French  White.  The  common  de- 
signation of  finely  pulverized  talc. 

Fr^ne.  See  Fraxinus. 

Fri-a-bil'i-ty.  [Friabil'itas.  a 'lis  ; 
from  fri’o,  to  “ crumble.”]  The  quality 
of  being  easily  reducible  into  small  pieces, 


FRI 


FUC 


Fri'ar’s  Bal-sam.  Another  name  for 

the  Tinctu'ra  Benzo'ini  Compos' it  a,  for- 
merly called  Bal' samum  Traumat' icam, 

Fric'tion.  [From  fri'eo,  fric'tum, 
to  “rub.”]  A therapeutical  agent  of 
great  power,  by  means  of  which  the  circu- 
lation is  stimulated,  and  medicinal  appli- 
cations enter  the  pores  of  the  skin. 

Friesland  Green.  Otherwise  called 
Rruus'wick  Green.  An  ammoniaco- 
muriate  of  copper. 

Fri£-i-da'ri-um.*  [From  frig'idus, 
“ cold.”]  Another  name  for  the  cold 
bath.  See  Bath. 

Frigid  Zone.  The  space  between 
each  Polar  circle  and  the  Pole. 

Frig’-o-rif'ic.  [FrigoriFicus;  from 

fri'gus , “cold,”  and  fa' do,  to  “make” 
or  “cause.”]  Having  power  to  make 
cold. 

Fri'gus,*  gen.  Frig'o-ris.  [From 
fri'geo,  to  “ be  cold.”]  Cold ; trembling 
with  cold.  This  term  differs  from  Algor, 
which  implies  suffering  or  starving  with 
cold. 

Fringe.  See  Fimbria. 

Frinug’ed.  See  Fimbriate,  Lacini- 

ATUS,  ClLIATE. 

Frit,  or  Fritt.  The  mass  produced 
by  the  materials  of  glass,  on  calcination. 

Froissenueut,  Bruit  de,  brw6  deli 
fRwass'moNG\  (“Sound  of  Rubbing.”) 
A French  term  applied  to  certain  sounds 
of  the  lungs  or  heart. 

Froaid.  [From  frons , fron'dis,  a 
“leaf,”  or  “green  branch.”]  A term  ap- 
plied to  the  leaves  of  ferns  and  other 
cryptogamic  plants,  from  their  partaking 
at  once  of  the  nature  of  a leaf  and  a 
branch. 

Froaa-des'^eirace.  [Froauflescem'tia; 

from  frons,  fron'dis,  a “ leaf.”]  The  de- 
velopment of  the  leaves,  or  fronds  of 
plants. 

Fron-dlif 'er-ous.  [Frondif'enis ; 

from  frons,  fron'dis,  a “leaf,”  and  fc'ro, 
“to  bear.”]  Bearing  fronds. 

FroBBs,*  gen.  Frowdis.  See  Frond. 

FroBBS,*  gen.  Froai'tis.  [Perhaps 
from  (ppoi’ri^o,  to  “study.”]  The  fore- 
head : that  part  of  the  head  between  the 
eyebrows  and  commencement  of  the  hairy 
scalp. 

Front 'tal.  [Frounta'lis*,  from  frons, 
the  “ forehead.”]  Belonging  to  the  fore- 
head. 

Frost'-Bite.  A state  of  numbness  or 
torpefaction  of  a part  of  the  body,  caused 
by  intense  cold,  which,  unless  relieved 
hy  proper  remedies,  is  followed  by  the 
death  of  the  part.  In  such  cases  it  is 


very  important  that  heat  should  not  b« 
applied  suddenly.  If  a finger  be  frozen, 
the  best  remedy  is  to  place  it  in  water 
reduced  almost  to  the  freezing-point,  by 
which  means  the  frost  is  extracted  very 
slowly. 

Frottement  (Fr.),  fRott'mcNG'.  A 
term  signifying  “ rubbing.”  See  Fiioisse- 
31  ent. 

Frozen  Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Gla- 
cial Sulphuric  Acid. 

Fruc-tif 'er-ous.  [Fruc'tifer; 

from  fruc'tus,  “fruit,”  and  fe’ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  fruit. 

Fruc-ti-fi-ca'tion.  [Fructifica'- 
tio,  ©'hi#/  from  fructif'ico,  fructified' - 
tmn,  to  “make  fruitful,”  to  “bear  fruit.”] 
That  part  of  a plant,  embracing  the  or- 
gans appropriated  to  generation,  and 
comprehending  both  flowers  and  fruit, 
terminating  the  old  plant  and  beginning 
the  new. 

Fru-giv'or-ous.  [Frugiv'orus ; 

from  frux,  fru'gis,  “fruit,”  or  “coin,” 
and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”]  Eating  or 
living  on  grains  or  seeds. 

Fruit.  [From  fru'or,  fruc'tus,  to 
“enjoy.”]  In  Botany,  the  matured  ovary, 
with  all  its  contents  and  appendages. 

Fruit-Stalk.  See  Peduncle. 

Fru-meu-la'ceous.  [Frumenta'- 
ceus ; from  f rumen' turn,  “wheat.”]  Ap- 
plied to  all  plants  that  resemble  wheat 
or  corn. 

Fru-men'tum.*  All  kinds  of  corn 
or  grain  for  making  bread,  especially 
wheat. 

Frnst.  = Frustilla'tim.*  “In  small 
pieces.” 

Frus'tum.*  That  part  of  a pyramid 
or  cone  which  remains  when  any  part 
next  the  vertex  is  cut  off  by  a plane 
parallel  to  the  base. 

Fi’u-tes'^ence.  [From  fruc'tus, 
“fruit.”]  The  ripe  or  mature  state  of  a 
fruit. 

Fru'tex,*  gen.  Fru'tfi-cis.  A shrub; 
a plant  whose  branches  are  perennial 
and  proceed  directly  from  the  surface  of 
the  earth,  without  any  supporting  trunk. 

FrBi-ti-cose'.  [Frutico'sus;  from 
fru'tex,  a “shrub.”]  Full  of  shrubs; 
like  a shrub  : shrubby. 

Ft.  = Fi'at*  or  Fi'ant*  “Let  there 
be  made.” 

Fucaceae,*fu-ka'she-e.  [From  Fu'cus, 
a kind  of  sea-weed.]  Sea-weeds.  A natu- 
ral order  of  cryptogamous  plants. 

Fu-civ'or-ous.  [Fueiv'orus ; 

from  fu'cus,  a “sea-weed,”  and  vo'ro , to 
“devour.”]  Living  on  sea-weed. 

211 


FUC 


FUN 


Fu'cus.*  [From0v*oj,  " sea-wrack.”] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Crypto- 
g amia , natural  order  Fucacese. 

Fu'cus  Ve-sic-w-lo'siis.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  bladder-fucus,  sea-oak, 
or  sea-wrack. 

Fulcrum,*  plural  Ful'cra.  A 

"stay,”  or  “prop.”  In  the  plural,  the 
various  appendages  of  a plant,  as  ten- 
drils, prickles,  stipules.  In  Natural 
Philosophy,  applied  to  a fixed  point  on 
which  a lever  rests. 

Ful-gu-ra'tion.  [Fulgura'tio, 
O 'nis  ; from ful'giir, “ brightness,”  “ light- 
ning.”] The  electrical  phenomenon  of 
flashes  of  light  in  the  atmosphere  un- 
accompanied by  thunder. 

Fu-lig'In-ous.  [Fwligiiio'siiis ; 
from  fuli'go , “soot.”]  Full  of  soot; 
sooty;  smoky. 

Fu-li'go,*  gen.  Fu-lig'i-nis.  The 

Latin  term  for  “soot.” 

Fuli'go  Eig'ni.*  (“  Soot  of  Wood.”) 
Wood-soot  is  the  condensed  smoke  of 
burning  wood.  Made  into  an  ointment, 
it  has  been  found  an  efficacious  remedy 
in  some  cutaneous  affections,  such  as 
tetter,  psora , porrigo  favosa,  etc. 

Ful'ler’s  Earth.  A variety  of  clay, 
containing  about  twenty-five  per  cent, 
of  alumina,  and  so  named  from  its  being 
used  by  fullers  to  remove  the  grease 
from  cloth  before  the  soap  is  applied. 

Ful'mi-nate.  [Ful’minas,  a'tfs.] 
A combination  of  fulminic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Ful'mi-nat-ing  Gold.  [Au'riim 
Fiilininaiis.]  The  aurate  of  ammo- 
nia, or  ammoniuret  of  the  peroxide  of 
gold.  It  is  produced  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  gold  by  ammonia. 

Ful  minating  Mer'cu>ry.  A pow- 
der obtained  by  treating  the  nitrate  of 
mercury  with  alcohol.  It  is  employed 
in  the  manufacture  of  percussion-caps. 

Fulminating  Sil'ver.  [Argon 
turn  Ful'minans.]  An  argentate  of 
ammonia,  prepared  by  leaving  oxide  of 
silver  for  ten  or  twelve  hours  in  contact 
with  a strong  solution  of  ammonia.  It 
is  in  the  form  of  a black  powder  which 
is  extremely  explosive. 

Ful-ml-na'tion.  [Fulmina'tio, 
o' nis ; from  ful' men,  “thunder,”  ful'- 
mino,  fulm ina' turn,  to  “thunder.”]  A 
quick  explosion,  with  noise;  as  of  ful- 
minating powder,  or  the  combustion  of  in- 
flammable gas  with  oxygen  : detonation. 

Ful-niin'ic.  [Fulmin'icus.]  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  obtained  from  tho  fulmi- 
nate of  silver. 

212 


Fu-ma'rl-a  Of-fi$-i-na'lis.*  Fumi- 
tory. (Fr.  Fumeterre,  fum'tSn'.)  A plant 
common  in  Europe,  and  cultivated  in 
the  United  States.  An  infusion  of  the 
dried  leaves  has  been  recommended  in 
leprous  affections. 

Fumariaceav*  fu-ma-re-a'she-e. 
[From  Fuma'ria,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  many  or  all  temperate 
climates.  It  includes  the  Cory d' alis  and 
some  others  which  are  cultivated  for 
their  beauty. 

Fu-mi-ga'tion.  [Fumiga'tio, 

o' nis  ; from  fu'migo,fumiga' turn,  to  “per- 
fume a place.”]  The  employment  of 
certain  fumes  for  the  purpose  of  counter- 
acting contagious  effluvia. 

Func'tion.  [Func'tio,  o' nis  ; from 
fun'gor,  func'tus,  to  “fulfil  an  office.”] 
(Fr.  Fonetion,  f6Nk'se-6N°\)  A power, 
or  faculty,  by  the  exercise  of  which  the 
vital  phenomena  arc  produced. 

Func'tion-al  I>is-ease'.  A disease 
in  which  the  function  or  secretion  of  an 
organ  is  vitiated,  but  its  structure  is  but 
little  if  at  all  changed. 

Functions,  Vi'tal.  Functions  imme- 
diately necessary  to  life ; viz.,  those  of 
the  brain,  the  heart,  the  lungs,  etc. ; 
whence  these  have  been  called  the  tripod 
of  life. 

Fimd'a-ment.  [Fimdamen'tnm ; 

from  fun'dus,  the  “bottom  of  a thing.”] 
The  anus. 

Fun'gate.  [Fun' gas,  a'tis.]  A com- 
bination of  Tungic  acid  with  a base. 

Fun'gi,*  the  plural  of  Fun  gus,  a 
“mushroom.”  A large  natural  order  of 
cryptogamous  plants,  of  a very  low  or- 
ganization. They  grow  on  dead  and 
decaying  organic  bodies,  and  infest  living 
plants.  They  are  of  great  importance 
to  man,  either  for  their  useful  or  mis- 
chievous qualities. 

Blight,  mildew,  and  rust  are  caused 
by  the  ravages  of  microscopic  fungi. 
The  common  mushroom  and  truffle  are 
used  as  food.  Many  other  fungi  are 
dangerous  poisons.  The  fungus  called 
ergot  is  a valuable  medicine  for  its  spe- 
cific action  on  the  uterus.  See  Primalia. 

Fun-gic'o-lus.*  [From  fun'gus , 
a “mushroom,”  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”] 
Living  on  or  in  mushrooms.  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  ( Fnngic'ola ) to  a family 
of  coleopterous  insects. 

Fiiii'gi-rorni.  [Fungi  tor 'in  is ; 
from  fun'gus , a “ mushroom.”]  Resem- 
bling a mushroom. 

Fun'giBi.  [Fuugi'na;  from  fun'gus , 


FUN 


FUS 


a “mushroom.”]  The  residual  fleshy 
substance  of  fungi,  after  being  subjected 
to  the  action  of  alcohol  and  water. 

Fun'goid.  [Fungoi'tles;  from  fun'- 
gus , a “mushroom,”  and  eliog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a mushroom,  or  the  disease 
termed  fungus. 

Fungous.  [Fungo'sus;  from/«wf- 
gns,  a “ mushroom.”]  (Fr.  Fongueujc.) 
Having  fungi,  or  the  disease  termed  fun- 
gus ; resembling  fungus. 

Fuil'gUS.  !;  [Gr.  anoyyog,  or  c(J)6yyog ; 
Fr.  Fongus,  f^No'guss'.]  One  of  a natu- 
ral order  of  plants.  (Sec  Fungi.)  Also,  a 
redundant  growth  of  flesh  on  an  ulcer; 
proud  flesh ; any  large,  soft,  spongy  ex- 
crescence arising  from  diseased  structure. 

Fungus  Ferefori.  See  Hernia  Cere- 
bri, and  Encefhalocele. 

Fun  gus  iaaem-a-to'<tes.*  [From 
aifxarujSrjg,  “bloody.”]  “Bleeding  Fun- 
gus;” otherwise  called  Soft  Cancer,  Me- 
dullary Sarcoma,  Spongoid  Inflamma- 
tion, etc.  It  is  a cancerous  affection  of 
a very  malignant  character,  spreading 
rapidly,  and  almost  invariably  fatal. 

Fu-nic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  fu'~ 
nis , a “rope.”]  A botanical  term  ap- 
plied to  the  small  filament,  or  podo- 
sperm,  connecting  the  imperfect  seed  to 
the  receptacle.  Also,  the  navel-string. 

Fu'nis.*  [From  a\oTvog,  a “rope 
plaited  from  the  bulrush”?]  Literally, 
a “rope.”  Generally  applied  to  the  Funis 
umbilicalis,  or  navel-string.. 

Fu'nis  Fna-toil-i-ca'fiis.*  (Fr.  Cor- 
don ombilicale,  koR'dbN0'  6:vi'b£'l£'kal'.) 
The  umbilical  cord;  the  means  of  com- 
munication between  the  foetus  and  the 
placenta.  Its  length  is  almost  two  feet. 
It  consists  of  the  umbilical  arteries  and 
vein,  with  the  enveloping  membranes, 
Me. 

Funnel-Shaped.  See  Infundibuli- 

FORMIS. 

Fur'cate.  [Furca'tus;  from  fur'ea, 
a “fork.”]  Divided  into  two  parts; 
forked : dichotomous. 

Furcula.  See  Fourciiette. 

Fur  fur,  ur<>.*  [From  far,  “corn.”] 
Bran,  the  husk  or  skin  of  wheat.  The 
diseased  condition  of  the  head  called 
dandriff,  or  scurf,  a species  of  Pityriasis. 

Fur'fur  Ta’it'i-ci.*  (“Bran  of 
Wheat.”)  A material  employed  to 
make  bread  for  dyspeptics. 

Fur-frar-a'ceous.  [Furfura'ceus : 
from  furfur,  “bran,”  or  “dandriff.”] 
Resembling  bran  or  dandriff. 

Fur-fur-a'tio*  (fiir-fur-a'she-o), 
o rnis.  [From  furfur , “dandriff.”]  The 
19 


state  of  having  Pityriasis,  or  a scaliness 
of  the  skin. 

Fur  nace.  [Fur'nus.]  A fireplace 
employed  for  pharmaceutical  operations. 
Furnaces  are  termed  evaporatory  when 
employed  to  reduce  substances  into  vapor 
by  heat;  reverberatory,  when  so  con- 
structed as  to  prevent  the  flame  from 
rising ; forge  furnaces,  when  the  current 
of  air  is  determined  by  bellows. 

Furoncle,  or  Froncle.  See  Furun- 
CULUS. 

Fu  ror  F-te-ri'nus.*  Another  term 

for  Nymphomania,  or  Hysteromania. 

Furrowed.  See  Sulcated. 

Fu-run'cu-lus.*  (Fr.  Furoncle,  fii'- 
r6xkl'.)  A boil,  or  inflammatory  tumor; 
a blain. 

Fu'sel  ©il.  [Al'eohol  Amyl'i- 
cum.]  An  oily,  poisonous  liquid,  of  a 
highly  disagreeable  smell  and  nauseous 
taste,  produced  in  the  manufacture  of 
potato  spirit,  and  of  ardent  spirit  ob- 
tained from  the  various  kinds  of  grain. 
It  is  valuable  in  Pharmacy  as  the  artifi- 
cial source  of  valerianic  acid. 

Fu'si.*  The  plural  of  Fusus,  which 
sec. 

Fu-si-bil'I-ty.  [Fusifoil'itas,  aft’*.] 

The  capability  of  being  fused. 

Fu'si-tole.  [Fu'silis;  from  fun' do, 
fid  sum , to  “pour,”  to  “melt.”]  Capable 
of  being  made  fluid  by  the  application 
of  heat. 

Fu'si-fibrm.  [Fusifor'mis ; from 
fu'sus,  a “spindle.”]  Resembling  a 
spindle;  tapering. 

Fu'sion.  [Fu'si®,  o 'ms/  from  fun1  do, 
fu'sum,  to  “ pour,”  to  “ melt.”]  The  act  of 
melting,  or  state  of  being  melted,  by  heat. 

Fu'sion,  A que-ous.  The  liquefac- 
tion of  salts  which  contain  water  of  crys- 
tallization, on  exposure  to  increased  tem- 
perature. 

Fu'sion,  IDry.  The  liquefaction  pro- 
duced by  heat  after  the  water  has  been 
expelled. 

Fu'sion,  Ig-'ne-ous.  The  melting  of 
anhydrous  salts  by  heat  without  under- 
going any  decomposition. 

Fus'tic.  A yellow  dye-wood,  consist- 
ing of  two  kinds  : Old  fustic,  the  product 
of  the  Morns  Tinctoria,  or  Dyer’s  Mul- 
berry, an  American  tree;  and  Young  fus- 
tic, the  Rhus  Cotinus,  or  Venice  Sumach,  a 
shrub  growing  in  Italy  and  the  south  of 
Europe. 

Fu'sus,*  plural  Fu'si.  Literally,  a 
“spindle.”  Applied  in  the  plural  to  the 
papillse  through  which,  in  the  Arachnides, 
the  delicate  threads  pass. 


213 


GAD 


GAL 


G. 


G,  or  r,  denoted,  among  Greek  phy- 
sicians, Uncia,  or  an  ounce. 

GacTo-liai-ite.  The  name  of  a mine- 
ral, so  called  from  the  Swedish  chemist 
Gadolin,  who  discovered  it  in  the  earth 
called  yttria. 

Ga<l'u-in.  [Gacltii'raa ; from  GV- 
das  mor'rhua , the  “ cod-fish.”]  A peculiar 
substance  found  in  cod-liver  oil. 

Ga'clus.*  A genus  of  fishes  of  the 
order  Jugulares. 

Gad  us  Mor'rSm-a.*  The  cod-fish, 
abounding  in  the  northern  seas,  from 
the  liver  of  which  cod-fish  oil  is  obtained. 

Ga-lac'ta-gogue.  [Galacfago'- 
gus:  from  ydXa,  yaXaxTOg,  “milk,”  and 
ayco,  to  “ lead  or  bring  away.”]  Causing 
the  flow  of  milk. 

Ga-lac'ti-a-.*'  [From  ya\a,  ydXaxrog , 
“milk.”]  A genus  in  Good’s  Nosology, 
embracing  defective,  excessive,  or  morbid 
secretions  of  the  milk  : mislactation. 

Ga-lac'tic.  The  same  as  Lactic, 
which  see. 

Ga-lac'tisi.  [Galacti'iia ; from  ydXa, 
ydXaxro;,  “ milk.”]  The  coagulating  prin- 
ciple of  milk. 

Ga-lac-iir-rtooe'a.**  [From  ya\a , 
“milk,”  and  /5sw,  to  “flow.”]  An  ex- 
cessive flow  of  milk. 

Ga-lac'to-^ele.*  [From  ydXa,  “milk,” 
and  KfjXr],  a “ tumor.”]  A tumor  or  swell- 
ing containing  a milky  fluid. 

Gal-ae-toin'e-ter.  [Galaclom'e- 
trum*.  from  ydXa,  “milk,”  and  phpov,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring or  ascertaining  the  quality  of 
milk. 

Gal-ac-topli  'a-gous.  [Galactopti 

a»  us ; from  ydXa , “milk,”  and  <pjytj,  to 
“eat.”]  Living  on  milk.  See  Lacti- 
vorous. 

Gal-ac-topli'o-rous.  [Galactoph- 

oru.s;  from  ydXa,  “milk,”  and  </>cpo>,  to 
“bear.”]  Milk-bearing;  lactiferous. 

Ga-lac-to-poi-ct'ic.  [Galactopoi- 
et'icus;  from  ydXa,  “milk,”  and  ttoicgj, 
to  “ make.”]  Milk-making,  or  milk-pro- 
ducing. 

Ga-lac-to-po'sl-a.*  [From  ydXa, 
“milk,”  and  mv u,  to  “drink.”]  Milk 
diet. 

Gal'ba-num.*  The  Pharmacopoeinl 
name  ||  for  a resinous  substance  obtained 
from  an  undetermined  plant.  It  is  ex- 
pectorant and  antispasmodic,  somewhat 
resembling  ammoniac  in  its  action. 

214 


Gal'tm-Iws.*  A kind  of  cone,  differ- 
ing from  the  strobile  only  in  being 
round  and  having  the  heads  of  the  car- 
pels much  enlarged.  The  fruit  of  the 
juniper  is  a galbulus. 

Gale,  g&l.  The  French  term  for 
“itch.”  See  Psora. 

Ga'le-a.*  Literally,  a “helmet.” 
In  Botany,  the  superior  arched  lip  of 
ringent  and  personate  corollas.  A form 
of  headache  extending  all  over  the  head. 
In  Surgery,  a bandage  for  the  head, 
somewhat  like  a helmet.  Also,  a large 
vaulted  membrane,  movable,  and  cover- 
ing the  jaws  of  orthopterous  and  some 
other  insects. 

Ga'le-ate.  [Galea'tas;  from  ga'lea, 
a “helmet.”]  Formed  like  a helmet; 
helmeted. 

Ga-le'ga  Vir-g-ira-I-a'na.*  A plant 
growing  native  in  the  United  States, 
said  to  be  diaphoretic  and  powerfully 
anthelmintic. 

Ga-le'na.*  [From  ydXetv , to  “shine” 
or  “glister.”]  Lead-glance,  the  native 
sulphuret  of  lead.  See  Molybdenum. 

Ga-len'ie.  [Galen 'ictus.]  After  the 
manner  of  Galen,  whose  practice  of 
medicine  was  remarkable  for  multiply- 
ing herbs  and  roots  in  the  same  compo- 
sition. 

Galen’s  Ban'clag’e.  A term  some- 
times applied  to  the  four-tailed  bandage, 
or  single  split  cloth. 

Galeux,  g&’luh'.  The  French  term 
for  Psoric,  which  see. 

Galiacese,*  ga-le-a'she-e,  or  Stel- 
latae,*  stel-la'te  (because  the  leaves  are 
placed  round  the  stem  in  the  form  of  a 
star).  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
herbaceous  plants,  found  in  cold  and 
temperate  climates.  It  includes  Galium 
and  Rubia  tinctoria,  which  produces 
madder. 

Gal-I-pe'a  Cus-pa'rf-a.*  The  tree 
which,  according  to  the  London  Phar- 
macopoeia, produces  the  An  zustura  bark. 

Galipe'a  The  tree 

which,  .according  to  the  United  States 
and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias,  pro- 
duces Angustura  or  Cusparia  bark. 

Gal  l-pot.  An  earthen  pot,  painted 
and  glazed,  wherein  ointments,  etc.,  are 
kept.  Also,  a resin  obtained  from  the 
several  species  of  Finns. 

Gall.  The  bile,  or  secretion  of  the 
liver.  See  Bile. 


GAL 


GAM 


Gall-Blad'der.  [Lat.  Vesi'ca  Fel'- 

lis;  Fr.  Vesicule  du  Fiel,  v&'z£'kiil'  dii 
fe-el'.]  A membranous  reservoir  con- 
taining the  bile,  situated  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver. 

Gall-IDiicts.  See  Cystic  Ducts. 

Gall-Nut.  See  Galla. 

Gall-Kick 'ness.  The  remittent  fever 
(otherwise  called  Wal'cBieren  Fe'ver) 
produced  by  marsh  miasmata  in  the 
Netherlands  ; so  named  because  accom- 
panied with  a vomiting  of  bile. 

Gall '-Stone.  A calculus  formed  in 
the  gall-bladder. 

Gal'la,*  plural  Gal'lse.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  for  the  nutgall,  or 
galls,  found  on  the  branches  of  the 
Quercus  infcctoria.  They  are  excres- 
cences caused  by  the  sting  of  an  insect 
belonging  for  the  most  part  to  the  genus 
Cynips ; though  the  Chinese  gall  is  said 
to  be  produced  by  an  A])his. 

Galls  are  powerfully  astringent.  Al- 
though sometimes  prescribed  in  chronic 
diarrhoea  and  similar  complaints,  they 
are  chiefly  used  in  external  applications, 
such  as  lotions,  gargles,  ointments,  etc. 

Gal'lae,*  the  plural  of  Galla,  which 
see. 

Gal'late.  [Gal'las,  aVt*.]  A com- 
bination of  gallic  acid  with  a base. 

Gallic.  [Gal'licus?  from  GaVlia, 
"Gaul.”]  Belonging  to  the  French. 
See  Gallicus  Morbus. 

Gallic.  [Gallicus ; from  gal' la , a 
“ gall-nut.”]  Belonging  to  galls.  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  found  in  astringent  vege- 
table substances,  but  very  abundantly 
in  the  gall-nut. 

Gal-lic'o-lse.*  [From gal' la,  a "gall,” 
and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”]  Literally,  “in- 
habiters  of  the  gall-nut.”  A tribe  of 
hymenopterous  insects,  or  Diploleparise, 
which  produce  those  excrescences  on 
plants  called  g alls . Latreille  compre- 
hends all  the  insects  of  this  tribe  in  one 
genus,  viz. : Cynips.  See  Galla. 

Galli-cus  Mor'biis.*  (“French 
Disease.”)  Another  name  for  Syphilis, 
which  see. 

Gal-li-ua'ccous.  [Gallma'ceus ; 

from  gal'lus , a “ cock,”  or  galli'na , a 
“ hen.”]  Resembling  the  domestic  hen. 
See  Galling. 

Gallinadse.  See  Galling. 

Ga3-li'me*(the  plural  of  galli'na , a 
“hen”),  or  Galliua'ceous  Birds.  A 
family  of  birds  so  named  from  their 
affinity  to  the  domestic  hen. 

Gallmag-iaais  Caput.  See  Caput 
Gallinaginis. 


G&l-ll-iaa'go,  inis.*  [Probably  from 
gal'lus,  a “cock.”]  The  Latin  name  for 
the  wood-cock. 

Gal- van 'ic.  [Galvan'icus.]  Per- 
taining to  galvanism. 

Galvan'ic  Bat'te-ry  or  Trough. 

An  apparatus  for  accumulating  galvan- 
ism, consisting  of  plates  of  zinc  and 
copper  alternately  fastened  together, 
and  cemented  into  a wooden  or  earthen- 
ware trough,  so  as  to  form  a number  of 
cells ; the  trough  is  then  filled  with  di- 
luted acid. 

Galvan'ic  Mox'a.  A term  applied 
by  Fabre  Palaprat  to  the  employment 
of  voltaic  electricity  as  a therapeutical 
agent  for  producing  the  cauterizing  ef- 
fects of  the  moxa. 

Gal'van-ism.  [Golvanis'mus ; 

from  Professor  Galvavi,  of  Bologna,  who 
first  observed  the  manifestations  of  this 
fluid  or  principle.]  A form  of  electricity 
usually  developed  or  produced  by  the 
mutual  action  of  various  metals  and 
chemical  agents  upon  each  other.  The 
additional  discoveries  of  Arolta  led  to  the 
term  Voltaism,  or  Voltaic  Electricity, 
and  its  effect  on  the  muscles  of  animals 
newly  killed,  suggested  the  term  Animal 
Electricity. 

Gal- van-om'e-ter.  [Gal  vnnom 

etriini;  from  galvanism,  and  pkrpov,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  nature  and  degree  of  excite- 
ment produced  by  galvanic  action. 

Gal- van '©-scope.  [Galvanos'co- 
pus;  from  galvanism,  and  axoirkw,  to 
“observe.”]  An  instrument  capable  of 
exhibiting  electric  phenomena.  The 
term  has  been  applied  by  M.  Hall  to  a 
frog  properly  prepared  and  placed  under 
certain  conditions  for  experiment. 

Gambia*,  or  Gambaer,  gam-beer'. 
The  Malay  name  of  an  astringent  ex- 
tract procured  from  the  Nau'clea  Gam - 
bir  (or  XJnca'ria  Gambir).  The  sub- 
stance called  square  catechu,  and  terra 
japonica,  is  the  produce  of  this  plant. 
See  Catechu. 

Gamboge.  See  Gambogia. 

Gam-boge',  A-mer'i-can.  A secre- 
tion similar  to  gamboge,  yielded  by  seve- 
ral species  of  Vismia. 

Gam-bo'gi-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  and  Dub.  Ph.)  for  gamboge, 
or  camboge;  the  concrete  juice  of  an 
undetermined  tree.  Gamboge  is  a power- 
ful hydragogue  cathartic,  and  as  such  is 
often  given  in  dropsy.  It  is  also  recom- 
mended as  a remedy  for  the  tape-worm. 
In  large  doses  its  action  is  extremely 
215 


GAM 


GAS 


violent,  and  has  sometimes  proved  fatal. 
See  Cambogia. 

Gam-o-pet'al-ous.  [Oamopet'a* 

lus ; from  ydpog,  marriage/’  or  “ union/’ 
and  TTEraXoi , a “petal.”]  Having  petals 
joined  together  by  the  borders. 

Gam-o-sep'al-ous.  [Gamosep'a- 
lus;  from  ydpog,  “ marriage,”  or  “ union,” 
and  sep'alum,  a “ sepal.”]  Having  sepals 
joined  together  by  their  borders. 

Gang'li-form.  [Gangiifor'mis ; 
from  g any' lion.]  Of  the  nature,  like- 
ness, or  appaarance  of  a ganglion. 

Gan'gli-on.  [Lat.  Gan'glion;  Gr. 
yayyXioi/,  a “ knot.”]  An  enlargement 
in  the  course  of  a nerve,  resembling  a 
knot.  Also,  a collection  of  vesicular 
neurine  which  serves  as  a centre  of  ner- 
vous power  to  certain  fibres  connected 
with  it.  Applied  in  Surgery  to  an  en- 
cysted tumor  occurring  on  a tendon  or 
aponeurosis,  sometimes  on  the  knee,  or 
on  the  back  of  the  hand  or  foot.  Also,  a 
genus  of  the  order  Tumores,  class  Lo- 
cales, of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ganglion  Im'par.*  A small  gan- 
glion on  the  coccyx. 

Ganglion  of  Gasser.  See  Gasse- 
rian Ganglion. 

Ganglion  of  Meckel.  See  Meckel, 
Ganglion  of. 

Gan-gll-on'ic.  [Ganglion 'tens ; 

from  g an' g lion.]  Pertaining  to  a ganglion, 
or  to  ganglions  ; consisting  of  ganglions. 

Ganglion'ic  Sys'tem,  or  Ganglion'ic 
Nerv'ous  Sys'tem.  A name  applied  to 
the  Trisplanchnic  (or  Great  Sympathetic) 
nerve,  with  its  system  of  ganglia,  consti- 
tuting, according  to  Bichat,  the  nervous 
system  of  organic  life.  See  Organic. 

Gan-gli-on'i-ca.*  [From  yayyXiov,  a 
“nerve-knot.”]  A class  of  medicinal 
agents  which  affect  the  sensibility  or 
muscular  motion  of  parts  supplied  by 
the  ganglionic  or  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves. 

Gangraena.  See  Gangrene. 

Gan-grse'naO'ris.*  (“Gangrene  of 
the  Mouth.”)  A name  for  Stomacace , 
Cancrnm  Oris,  or  canker  of  the  mouth. 

Gan'grene.  [Lat.  Gangrac'na ; 
Gr.  y.iyypaua,  from  ypatvco,  or  ypd<o,  to 
“gnaw,”  to  “consume.”]  (Fr.  Gangrene , 
goN°'gRen'  or  goN°'gR&n'.)  The  state  of 
incipient  mortification.  It  is  sometimes 
termed  hot  mortification.  See  next  article. 

Gan'grene,  Hot.  [Gangrse'iia 
( a!  iila.]  A name  applied  by  some 
writers  to  that  form  of  mortification 
which  is  preceded  or  accompanied  by 
inflammation,  in  other  words,  to  gan- 
216 


grene  proper ; while  they  term  that  which 
is  unattended  by  inflammation  cold  gan- 
grene. 

Gan'grene,  Hu'mid.  [Gangrae'- 
na  Hu'mida.j  A term  applied  to  that 
form  of  the  disease  in  which  the  affected 
part  contains  more  or  less  of  decomposed 
or  other  fluids.  In  dry  gangrene  ( Gan - 
grse'na  Sic'ca),  these  fluids  are  not  pre- 
sent, or  only  in  very  small  quantity. 
The  latter  form,  being  frequently  found 
to  affect  old  people,  has  been  sometimes 
called  Gangrsena  Senilis. 

Gaping.  See  Pandiculatio. 

Gar'an-clne.  [From  Garance,  gS,'- 
tonss',  the  French  name  of  “madder.”] 
The  coloring  matter  of  madder,  mixed 
with  the  carbonized  residue  resulting 
from  the  action  of  the  oil  of  vitriol  on 
the  woody  fibre  and  other  constituents 
of  madder.  It  is  a brownish  or  puce- 
colored  powder  used  in  dyeing. 

Gar-cin'I-a.*  [Named  after  Dr. 
Garcin .]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
JDodecandria,  natural  order  Guttiferse. 

Garcisi'ia  Cam-bo'gi-a,*  or  Gar- 
cin'ia  Cam-bo-gi-o2'des.*  A plant 
considered  to  afford  the  best  gamboge. 
See  Cambogia,  and  Gambogia. 

Gar 'diner’s  Al-l-men'ta-ry  Prep- 
a-ra'tion.  A nutritious  article,  con- 
sisting of  very  finely-ground  rice  meal. 

Garg.  = Gargaris'ma.%  A “gargle.” 

Gar-ga-ris'ma,  a tis,%  Gar-ga-ris'- 
mmm,*  Gar-ga-ris'mus.;::  [From  yap- 
yap'i'oj,  to  “wash  the  throat.”]  A wash 
for  the  throat:  a gar'gle. 

Gargle.  See  Gargarisma. 

Gar'lic.  The  common  English  name 
of  the  plant  Al’lium  sati'vum.  Its  bulb- 
ous root  or  roots  constitute  what  are 
termed,  the  cloves  of  garlic. 

Gar'rot.  (Fr.  a “stick,”  a “kind  of 
lever.”)  A cylindrical  piece  of  wood,  or 
ivory,  for  tightening  circular  bandages. 

Garryacea;,*  gar-re-a'she-e.  [From 
Garry  a,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  found 
in  North  America. 

Ga'rum.'*  A sauce  or  pickle  made 
by  the  Romans,  from  the  yd/ws,  a small 
fish.  It  resembled  the  modern  anchovy 
sauce  in  nature  and  use. 

Gas,  gass.  [From  the  Anglo-Saxon 
gas*,  “ breath,”  “wind,”  “spirit.”]  An 
aeriform,  elastic  fluid. 

Gaseous,  gaz'e-us.  [Gasoo'sus.] 
Belonging  to  gas;  of  the  nature  of  gas. 

Gaseous  Pulse.  See  Pulse. 

Gnsi-forni.  [Gasiflbr  mis.]  liar* 
ing  the  form  or  naturo  of  gas. 


GAS 


GAS 


Gas-om'e-ter.  [Ciasorn'etriiin; 

from  gas,  and  gtrpov,  a “ measure.”]  A 
measurer  of  gas.  Usually  applied,  how- 
ever, to  a reservoir  for  containing  gas. 

Gas-se'ri-aiiGaii'g-lI-on.  The  semi- 
lunar ganglion.  A ganglion  of  the  fifth 
pair  of  nerves,  first  discovered  by  Gasser. 

Gas'ter  (Gr.  yaarfip).  The  Greek 
name  for  the  stomach. 

Gas-ter-an-£em-phrax'is.*  [From 
yaarfip,  the  “stomach,”  ayyog,  a “ vessel,” 
and  cgp^a^ig,  an  ‘‘obstruction.”]  Conges- 
tion of  the  blood-vessels  of  the  stomach. 

Gas-ter'ic.  The  same  as  Gastric, 
which  see. 

Gasteropoda,  or  Gasteropods.  See 

next  article. 

Gas-ter-op'o-dns.%  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “belly,”  or  “stomach,”  and  nov;,  a 
“foot.”]  Gasterop'odous.  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  ( Gasterop'oda ) to  a 
class  of  Mollusks  which  crawl  by  means 
of  a fleshy  disk  on  their  belly.  The 
common  snail  belongs  to  this  class. 

Gas-ter-os'to-imis.*  [From  yaarfip , 
the  “stomach,”  and  aroga,  a “mouth.”] 
Gasteros'tomous.  Having  a mouth  in 
the  belly,  or  stomach.  Applied  to  a 
species  of  Tsenia , or  tape-worm. 

Gas-trse'mi-a.*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach,”  and  alga,  “blood.”]  Con- 
gestion of  the  veins  of  the  stomach,  and, 
so,  nearly  synonymous  with  Gasteran- 
gemphraxis. 

Gas-tral'gl-a.*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach,”  and  u\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  stomach : gastral'gy. 

Gas-trel-co'sis.*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach,”  and  iX/cow,  to  “ulcerate.”] 
Ulceration  of  the  stomach. 

Gas-tren-^epli-a-lo'rcma,  a tis.% 
[From  yaarfip,  the  “stomach,”  and  en~ 
cephalo'ma,  a “tumor  of  brain-like  sub- 
stance.”] A brain-like  fungus  of  the 
stomach. 

Gas-treim-$eptE-a-lo'si$.*  The  for- 
mation and  progress  of  gastrenccjiha- 
loma . 

Gas-4rem  '-elk  y-ta.*  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “stomach,”  and  cyxiu,  to  “pour 
in.”]  A stomach-syringe,  or  stomach- 
pump. 

Gas'trie.  [Gas'triemis;  from  yaarfip, 
the  “stomach.”]  Belonging  to  the  sto- 
mach. 

Gas'tric  Fe'ver.  A name  given  by 
some  to  bilious  fever,  which  was  thought 
to  depend  on  gastric  derangement.  It 
is  the  Meningo-gastric  of  Pinel. 

Gas'tric  Juice.  [Sbic'cms  Gas'tri- 

cus.]  The  juice  secreted  in  the  stomach, 
19* 


by  the  action  of  which  on  the  food* 
digestion  is  carried  on. 

Gas'tri-$i&in.  [Gastricis'inus ; 

from  yaarfip , the  “stomach.”]  A term 
for  gastric  affections  in  general;  but 
usually  applied  to  the  theory  that  all 
diseases  are  caused  by  the  accumulation 
of  impurities  in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
suggesting  their  removal  by  vomiting 
and  purging. 

Gas-tric'o-la.*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach,”  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”] 
Literally,  an  “inhabitant  of  the  sto- 
mach.” Applied  to  those  (Estridse  (the 
common  bott,  for  example)  the  larvrn 
of  which  are  found  in  the  intestines  of 
various  animals. 

Gas-tril'o-qmis.*  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “stomach,”  and  lo'quor,  to  “speak.”] 
The  same  as  Ventriloquous,  which 
see. 

Gas-tri'tis,  idis*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach.”]  Inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach. A genus  of  the  order  Ph/egma- 
sise,  class  Pyrexia1,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Gas'tro-^ele.*  [From  yaarfip,  the 
“stomach,”  and  Kf\\ri,  a “tumor.”]  Her- 
nia in  which  a portion  of  the  stomach  is 
protruded : Hernia  vevtriculi. 

Gas-t  ro-4lioTi-a.*  [From  yaarfip , 
the  “stomach,”  and  xoAtf,  “bile.”]  Bil- 
ious disease  of  the  stomach. 

Gas-tro-clio-lo'sis.*  [From  the 
same.]  Gastric  bilious  fever. 

Gas-troe-ne'mi-iis.*  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “ stomach,”  or  “ belly,”  and  xvfigri,  the 
“leg.”]  (Fr.  Gastrocneviien,  g&s'trok'- 
nAme-aNG'.)  Literally,  “belonging  to 
the  belly  (or  calf)  of  the  leg.”  The  name 
of  a muscle  constituting  the  chief  part  of 
the  calf  of  the  leg. 

Gas-tro-roli-ca.*  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “ stomach,”  and  col'ica,  the  “belly- 
ache.”] Severe  colic-like  pain  in  the 
stomach.  Sometimes  applied  to  neuralgia 
of  the  stomach. 

Gas-tro'des.*  [From  yaarfip , the 
“stomach.”]  A term  used  in  Compara- 
tive Anatomy  and  Botany,  and  applied  to 
that  which  has  many  swellings  like  the 
belly,  or  conjoined  with  a belly. 

Gas-tro-dyn'i-a.*  [From  yaarfp , the 
“stomach,”  and  ddvvri,  “pain.”]  Spas- 
modic pain  in  the  stomach. 

Gas-tro-en-ter-i'tis.*  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “stomach,”  and  evrepov,  an  “intes- 
tine.”] Inflammation  of  the  gastroin- 
testinal mucous  membrane. 

Gas-tro-ep-i-pS©'ic.  [From  yaarfip, 
the  “stomach,”  and  i~irf\oov,  the  “omen- 
tum.”] Belonging  to  the  stomach  and 
217 


GAS 


GEL 


omentum,  as  applied  to  a branch  of  the 
hepatic  artery,  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
abdomen,  etc. 

Gas'troid.  [Gastroi'des;  from  yav- 
rrjp,  the  “stomach,”  and  dlog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  belly,  or  stomach. 

Oas-trol'I-thus.^  [From  yaorrjp,  the 
“stomach,”  and  Xidog,  a “stone.”]  A 
calculus  in  the  stomach : a gas'trolith. 

Gas-trol'o-gy.  [Gastrolo'gia;  from 
yaarfip , the  “stomach,”  and  \6yog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A dissertation  on  the  stomach, 
its  structure,  function,  etc.  Also,  the 
science  of  the  stomach. 

Gastromalacia,*  gas-tro-ma-la'- 
she-a.  [From  ya'jrfip,  the  “stomach,” 
and  pa\a<ogf  “soft.”]  Softening  of  the 
stomach;  a disease  occurring  in  infants, 
and  usually  preceded  by  hydrocephalus, 
acute  exanthematous  disease,  or  some  dis- 
ease of  the  respiratory  organs. 

Gas-tron'o-sos,*  or  Gas-tron'o- 
-sus.*  [From  yacrrfip,  the  “stomach,”  and 
voaog,  a “ disease.”]  Disorder  of  the 
stomach. 

Gas-tro-patli'ic.  [Gastropatto'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  gastropathy. 

Gas-trop  a-tliy.  [Gastropathi'a ; 

from  yairrip,  the  “stomach,”  and  naOog, 
“affection,”  or  “disease.”]  Disease  of 
the  stomach. 

Gastro-peri-o-dyn'i-a.*  [From 

y cutup,  the  “stomach,”  nepiodog,  a “pe- 
riod,” and  odvvq,  “pain.”]  A disease  said 
to  be  peculiar  to  India,  attended  with 
severe  neuralgic  pains,  returning  at  in- 
tervals. So  distressing  are  the  paroxysms, 
that  they  are  supposed  to  be  produced 
by  the  terrible  weapon  of  Siva,  the  deity 
of  destruction. 

Gastropodtis.  See  Gasteropodus. 

Gas-tror'rlia-&y.  [Gastrorrlia'- 
gia;  from  yaarrjp,  the  “stomach,”  and 
prjym'pi,  to  “break”  or  “burst,”  to  “break 
through.”]  Escape  of  the  contents  of 
the  stomach  through  a lesion  of  its  seve- 
ral coats;  also,  the  oozing  of  blood  from 
its  internal  surface. 

Gas-tror'rlia-phy.  [Gastror'rlia- 
phe,  orGastrorrha  phia;  from  ycurfip, 
the  “stomach,”  or  “belly,”  and  pacprj,  a 
“suture.”]  The  sewing  of  wounds  which 
penetrate  through  the  belly. 

Gas-tror-rhoe'a.*  [From  yaorrjp,  the 
“ stomach,”  or  “belly,”  and  pear,  to 
“flow.”]  Undue  increase  of  the  secre- 
tion of  the  mucous  glands  of  the  sto- 
mach; also,  a flux  from  the  belly. 

Gas-tros'eo-p^.  [Gastroseo'pia ; 
from  yaarrtp,  the  “belly,”  and  axoncoj,  to  “ex- 
amine.”l  Examination  of  the  abdomen. 

218 


Gas-tro'sis.*  [From  yaarrip , the 
“stomach.”]  A name  given  by  Alibert 
to  a family  including  all  diseases  of  the 
stoinacfi. 

Gas-tro-splen'ic  O-men'ta.  A 

term  applied  to  the  laminae  of  the  peri- 
tonaeum which  are  comprised  between 
the  spleen  and  the  stomach. 

Gas-tros'to-my.  [Gastrosto'mia; 
from  yaarrip,  the  “stomach,”  and  aropa, 
an  “orifice.”]  The  operation  of  form- 
ing an  artificial  opening  into  the  sto- 
mach. 

Gas-tro-tom'ic.  [Gastrotom'i- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  gastrotomy. 

Gas-trot  o-my.  [Gastroto'mia ; 

from  yaaTrip,  the  “stomach,”  or  “belly,” 
and  ripvio,  to  “cut.”]  The  operation  of 
cutting  open  the  abdomen,  as  in  the 
Caesarean  section;  also,  cutting  through 
the  stomach  itself. 

Gas- try-pal' gi-a.*  [From  yaarijp, 
the  “ stomach,”  into,  “ under,”  “ in  a slight 
degree,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Slight  or 
gentle  pains  in  the  stomach. 

Gas-try  per-pa-thi'a.*  [From  yaa- 
rfjp,  the  “stomach,”  vnep,  “above,”  “ ex- 
cessive,” and  iraQog,  “disease.”]  Severe 
affection  of  the  stomach. 

Gas-try-po-pa-thi'a.*  [From  yaa- 
rrip,  the  “stomach,”  vno,  “under,”  and 
■naQog,  “disease.”]  Slight  affection  of  the 
stomach. 

Gateau  Febrile,  g&'to'  fAbr&l'.  The 
French  term  for  Ague  Cake,  which  see. 

Gatti'er-mg.  The  same  as  Abscess, 
and  Suppuration. 

Gaul-tlie'rl-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  Gaul- 
the' rici  procum'bens. 

Gaul-tBier'ic  A^'id.  The  heavy  oil 
of  partridge-berry,  or  Gaultheria  pro- 
cumbcns,  formerly  a constituent  of  the 
commercial  oil  of  lointeryreen.  It  com- 
bines with  bases,  and  forms  salts  called 
gaultherates.  The  light  oil  of  partridge- 
berry  is  called  yaultherylene. 

Gayacine.  See  Guaiacin. 

Gaz.  See  Gas. 

Gaziform.  See  Gasiform. 

Gazometer.  See  Gasometer. 

^re'ine  (or  A^'id.  [From  yea, 

“earth,”  yrpvog,  “earthy.”]  A name 
given  by  Berzelius  to  humus,  or  vegetable 
mould,  the  result  of  the  decomposition 
of  vegetable  substances. 

Grl-a-i  ig'en-oiDs.  [From  yclat'ina , 
“gelatine,”  and  yesvau i,  to  “produce.”] 
Yielding  gelatine,  or  forming  the  gelatin- 
ous structures  of  the  body. 

^rer<jk-tine.  [Gclat'ina;  from  ye'lo, 


GEL 


GEN 


gela' turn,  to  “congeal,”  to  “harden.”] 
Jelly.  A substance  obtained  from  bone, 
cartilage,  sinew,  ligament,  skin,  cellular 
tissue,  and  serous  membrane,  by  long- 
continued  boiling  in  water.  The  glue 
and  isinglass  of  commerce  are  forms  of 
gelatine. 

^rel'atme  Cap's  ules.  Capsules  pre- 
pared from  a concentrated  solution  of 
gelatine,  and  filled  with  medicines. 
When  swallowed,  the  capsules  dissolve 
in  the  gastro-intestinal  juices,  and  the 
nauseous  taste  of  the  medicine  is 
avoided. 

Gelatine,  Sugar  of.  See  Glyci- 
coll. 

^el-a-tin'i-form.  [Gelatinifor'- 
mis.]  Resembling  gelatine. 

^re-lat-I-no'sus.*  [From  gelat'ina, 
“gelatine.”]  Gelatinous.  Like  gela- 
tine, or  full  of  gelatine.  Applied  in  the 
plural  masculine  ( Gelatino'si ) to  an  order 
of  Polypi. 

^e-iat'I-nous.  [Gelatimo'sus.] 

Like  gelatine  ; composed  of  gelatine. 

^relat'inous  Tis'sues.  Tissues 
which  yield  to  boiling  water  a substance 
which,  on  cooling,  forms  a jelly,  or  may 
be  called  gelatine.  They  are  chiefly 
found  in  the  cellular  membrane,  the 
membranes  in  general,  the  tendons, 
ligaments,  bones,  cartilages,  etc. 

Gelatio  (je-la'she-o),  ©'«?«.*  [From 
ge'lo,  gela' turn,  to  “freeze.”]  Literally, 
a “ freezing.”  Sometimes  applied  to  the 
rigid  state  of  the  body  in  catalepsy. 

Cfctiav.  = Gelat'ind  qua' vis.*  “ In 
any  kind  of  jelly.” 

<^efl-se'mi-uni.*  Yellow  jasmine. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the  root 
of  Gelse'mium  sempervi' rens.  This  plant 
has  been  placed  in  the  secondary  list  of 
the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  18G0. 
Gemelli.  See  Gemellus. 
^e-mel-li-flo'rus.*  [From  gemeV - 
lus,  “ double,”  or  “ twin,”  and  jlos , a 
“flower.”]  Having  flowers  disposed 
two  and  two  : gemelliflo'rate. 

^re-mel'lus,*  plural  ^e-mel'li.  [Di- 
minutive of  gem' inns,  “double.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  Gastrocnemius  externus  mus- 
cle, because  it  has  a double  origin. 
Gesnmi.  See  Geminus. 
^eininiflo'rus.:i:  See  Gemelli- 

FLORUS. 

plural  ^em  i-ni.  “ Dou- 
ble,” or  “ twin.”  Applied  to  certain  parts 
of  plants  when  in  pairs.  Applied  also  to 
the  gemelli  muscles,  and  to  leaves,  etc. 

^rem'ma.*  A bud  which  contains 
the  rudiments  of  a plant  in  a latent  state 


till  the  season  favors  its  evolution.  Also, 
a precious  stone  : a gem. 

^em-ina'ceous.  [Gemma'ceus; 
from  yem'ma,  a “ bud.”]  Belonging  to 
buds;  having  buds. 

^rem-ina  tioii.  [Gemma  tio,  o'nis; 
from  yem'ma,  a “ bud.”]  The  state  or 
process  of  budding;  the  arrangement 
of  leaves  or  petals  in  a bud. 

<^em-mif 'er-ous.  [Gemini f orum ; 
from  yem'ma,  a “bud,”  or  “gem,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  buds,  or  con- 
taining gems. 

tyem-mi-fi-ca/tion.  [Gemini  flea- 

tio,  o'nis ; from  yem'ma,  a “bud,”  and 
fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  The  manner  in 
which  the  bud  or  gem  is  developed. 
Also,  synonymous  with  Ramification. 

Gem-mi-iio  rus.  : [From  yem'ma,  a 
“bud,”  and  Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  like  buds  : gemmiflo'rate. 

^om-ma-for'mis.*  [From  yem'ma, 
a “bud.”]  Bud-  or  gem-like:  gem'rni- 
form. 

Gem-mip'a-rous.  [Gemini  p'arus; 

from  yem'ma,  a “bud,”  and  pario , to 
“bring  forth.”]  Applied  to  the  multi- 
plication of  the  species  by  buds,  or  gem- 
mules,  arising  from  germs,  as  exemplified 
in  the  vegetable  kingdom  and  in  many 
of  the  Infusoria. 

^*eni-mu-la'tioii.  [Ocmmula'tlo, 

o'nis;  from  gem'mula,  a “little  bud.”] 
A kind  of  reproduction  consisting  in 
simple  growth  and  development  with- 
out the  agency  of  sexes.  See  Gemmip- 
arous. 

^Jeam'mule.  [Gem'nmla;  diminu- 
tive of  yem'ma , a “bud.”]  The  rudiment 
of  the  stem,  afterwards  becoming  stem, 
and  branches ; a plumule. 

^ie'na,*  plural  ^Se'na?.  [From  yewq, 
the  “cheek-bone.”]  (Fr.  Joue,  zhoo.) 
The  cheek,  or  cheeks,  forming  the  late- 
ral walls  of  the  mouth.  They  are  com- 
posed chiefly  of  muscular  tissue,  lined 
internally  with  a mucous  membrane. 

Geneives,  zhoN«'sev\  The  French 
term  for  the  “gums.”  See  Gingiva. 

C^en-e-an'tliro-py.  [From  yeved, 
“birth,”  and  ai/dpcmroq,  a “man.”]  The 
same  as  Anthropogeny. 

^reai'e-ra,*  plural  of  Genus,  which  see. 
^en'er-al  Prae-ti'tion-er.  A term 
app’ied  to  those  practitioners  in  England 
and  Wales  who  do  not  profess  to  advise 
as  pure  physicians,  or  to  act  as  pure  sur- 
geons, but  perform  in  their  daily  voca- 
tion the  duties  of  both,  with  those  of  the 
obstetrician  in  addition. 

^ren-er-a'tion.  [Genera' tio,  o'nis ; 

219 


GEN 


GEO 


from  gen'ero,  genera' turn,  to  “ beget/’] 
The  act  of  reproducing;  reproduction. 

Generation,  Fissiparous.  See 

Fissiparous  Generation. 

Generation,  Or  gans  of.  In 

woman,  the  external  are  the  Mohs  veneris , 
labia,  perinseum , clitoris , and  nymph  se ; 
the  internal,  the  vagina , uterus , ovaria, 
and  Fallopian  tubes ; in  man,  the  penis, 
testes , vesiculse  semin ales,  vasa  defer entia, 
and  prostate  gland. 

t^e-ner'io.  [Gener'icias.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  same  genus. 

t^e-ne'si-al.  [Genesia'lis ; from 

ykjzmg,  “ origin, ” “ generation/’]  Be- 

longing to  generation. 

^ren-es'ie-ns.*  Belonging  to  genesis. 

4»en 'e-sis.*  [From  yha),  to  “ be 

born.”]  Birth,  origin,  or  generation. 

Genet  <les  Teinturiers.  See  Ge- 
nista Tinctoria. 

^re-net'i-ca.*  [See  Geneticus.]"  The 
name  of  a class  in  Dr.  Good’s  Nosology, 
comprising  diseases  connected  with  the 
sexual  function. 

^ren-et'i-cns.*  [From  yLsaug,  “ gene- 
ration,” or  ysvudo),  to  “ beget.”]  Belong- 
ing to  the  procreative  function  : genet'ic. 

^re-ne' va.*  [From  Gene'va , where 
first  made.]  (Fr.  Genievre,  zheh-ne-evR' 
or  zh’ne-&VR'.)  Gin,  distilled  from  malt 
or  rye,  and  afterwards  subjected  to  the 
same  process  with  juniper-berries.  A 
spurious  kind,  from  turpentine  and  car- 
damom-seeds, with  very  few,  if  any, 
juniper-berries,  is  largely  consumed  in 
the  English  metropolis,  etc.,  as  British 
gin. 

^ren-ie'n-late.  [Genicnla'tns ; 

from  genic'ulum.]  Bent  like  a little 
joint,  or  like  the  knee. 

^e-nic'u-Imn.**  [Diminutive  o f ye' - 
nu,  the  “knee.”]  A small  knot  or  joint; 
a little  knee. 

tye'ni-o-.  [From  ykveiov , the  “chin.”] 
A prefix  denoting  attachment  to,  or  con- 
nection with,  the  chin. 

Tinc-to'ra-a.*  (“  Dyers" 
Broom.”)  (Fr.  Genet  des  Teinturiers, 
zh’nd  d&  taN«'tii're-^'.)  A shrub  culti- 
vated in  Europe  and  the  United  States, 
and  sometimes  used  in  medicine. 

t^en'i-tal.  [Genita'Bis ; from  gig'~ 
no,  yen' i turn,  to  “beget.”]  Belonging  to 
generation. 

C^en'I-tals.  [Geniia'lla.  plural 
neuter  of  Genitalis;  from  the  same.] 
The  organs  or  parts  contributing  to 
generation  in  the  male  or  female.  See 
Generation,  Organs  of. 

tyen'I-to-.  [From  yenita'lia.]  A pre- 


fix denoting  connection  with  the  genital 
organs. 

t^en  l-to-Cru'ral.  The  name  of  a 
nerve  proceeding  from  the  first  lumbar, 
and  dividing  into  an  internal  branch, 
which  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord ; 
and  an  external,  which  is  distributed 
into  filaments  at  the  crural  arch. 

Genneticns.  See  Geneticus. 

Genoa.  See  Genu. 

Gentian.  See  Gentiana  Lutea. 

Gentiana,*  jen-she-a'na.  [From 
Gen'tius,  a king  of  Illyria.]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  of  the  root  of  Gentiana 
lutea.  Gentian  is  an  excellent  bitter 
tonic,  and  is  particularly  adapted  to 
cases  of  simple  debility  of  the  digestive 
organs. 

Gentia'na  €at-es-t>se'i.*  Blue  gen- 
tian. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  root  of  Gentiana  Catesbsei. 

Gentia'na  JLu'te-a,*  Gentia'na 
Iioi'bra.*  The  gentian-plant;  felwort. 

Gentia'na  Ra'dix.*  (“  Gentian 
Boot.”)  See  Gentiana  Lutea. 

Gentianacese,*'  jen-she-an-a'she-e. 
[From  Gentia'na , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Their  characteristic  property  is 
intense  bitterness,  which  resides  in  the 
root,  stem,  leaf,  etc.,  and  renders  them 
tonic,  stomachic,  and  febrifugal.  The 
gentian-root  is  an  example.  Some  spe- 
cies are  prized  for  their  beauty. 

t^en-ti-an-a'ceons.  [Gentiana'- 
ceus.]  Resembling  the  Gentian  plant. 
See  Gentianace^e. 

^en-ti-a'nse  Ln'te- se  Ra'dix.* 

(“  Root  of  Gentiana  Lutea/")  See  Gen- 
tiana. 

Gentianin,  jen'she-a-nin.  [Genti- 
aBni'na.]  The  bitter  principle  of  the 
plant  Gentiana  lutea. 

Gentianius,  or  Gentianus.  See 

Gentianaceous. 

^e  im/  plural  t^en'n-a.  (Fr.  Ge- 
noa, zheh-noo'.)  The  knee;  the  articu- 
lation of  the  leg  with  the  thigh. 

^Jon'n-a,*  the  plural  of  tjSe'nu,  the 
“ knee."" 

(•on'da  YAl'gw.*  [From  val'gus, 
“crooked/"  or  “bowed."’]  (“Bowed  or 
Crooked  Knees."")  The  deformity  vul- 
garly called  knock-knees. 

^le'nns/  gen.  ^ten'e-ris.*  [From 
yi'oq,  a “family."’]  A group  or  assem- 
blage of  species  subordinate  to  a ciass 
or  order. 

G o-o-oou 'trie.  [Geooen'tricus ; 

i from  yi),  or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and  Kcsrpucdg, 


GEO 


GER 


“centric.”]  Having  the  earth  for  the 
centre.  Applied  to  the  place  in  which 
any  heavenly  body,  as  seen  from  the 
earth,  appears. 

^»e'o«le.  [Geo'tles;  from  yrj , or  yea,  the 
“earth.”]  Belonging  to  earth;  earthy. 
Applied  in  Mineralogy  to  a stone  contain- 
ing a cavity  usually  lined  within  with 
crystals,  but  sometimes  containing  loose 
earth  or  a nodule  of  stone.  The  term 
Geode  is  also  applied  to  the  cavity  itself. 

^le-od'e-sy.  [Geodae'sia;  from  yrj, 
or  yea,  the  “ earth,”  and  caiui,  to  “ divide.”] 
That  science  by  which  the  extent  and 
figure  of  the  earth  (or  of  a portion  of  its 
surface)  are  ascertained. 

^e-of-irae'a.*  [Named  after  Dr. 
Geoffroy .]  A Linnacan  genus  of  the 
class  JJiadelphia , natuial  order  Legu- 
minosse , or  Fabacese. 

GeofFrae'a  In-er'mis.*  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  cabbage-tree. 

<^e-©-£en'i-cns.*  Belonging  to  ge- 
ogony : geogen'ic. 

Oeogeny.  See  Geogony. 
^re-©g,-ii©s'tic.  [Geog’nos'ticus.] 
Belonging  to  geognosy. 

^re-og^no-sy-  [Geogno'sia:  from 
yfj,  or  yea,  the  “ earth,”  and  yvdatg, 
“ knowledge.”]  The  knowledge  or 
science  of  the  structure  of  the  globe.  It 
may  he  regarded  as  essentially  the  same 
as  Geology,  which  see. 

^re-og'o-ny,  or  ^re-og'e-ny.  [Ge- 
©ge'nia;  from  yf ),  or  yea,  the  “earth,” 
and  yew,  to  “be  born.”]  The  doctrine 
of  the  formation  of  the  earth. 

^e-og'ra-phy.  [GeograpSiia ; 
from  yrj,  or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and  ypeup o, 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  the  known 
world,  its  mountains,  seas,  rivers,  parts, 
limits,  situation,  and  all  other  remark- 
able things  belonging  to  it. 

^re-ol'o-gy.  [Gcolo'gia ; from  yrj, 
or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and  Aoyo>,  a “dis- 
course.”] That  branch  of  science  which 
treats  of  the  structure  or  formation  of 
the  earth,  including  the  rocks,  strata, 
etc.,  of  which  it  is  composed.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished from  Mineralogy  by  treating 
of  mineral  substances  in  the  aggregate, 
while  Mineralogy  is  chiefly  confined  to 
the  consideration  of  particular  species. 

^re-o-met'ric,  ^e-o-met'rl-cal. 
[Geoanet'ricus.]  Belonging  to  ge- 
ometry. 

^re-oan'e-try.  [Geome'trla;  from 
yrj,  or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and  perpeo),  to 
“measure.”]  Originally,  the  art  of 
measuring  the  earth,  or  any  distance  or 
dimensions  on  it.  Now  applied  to  the 
15 


science  of  quantity  and  extension,  irre- 
spective of  matter. 

<^e-©n'o-my.  [Geono'mia;  from 
yrj,  or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and  vopog,  a 
“law.”]  That  branch  of  general  Physics 
which  treats  of  the  laws  regulating  I he 
changes  that  have  taken  place,  or  are 
now  taking  place,  in  the  structure  of  the 
earth,  or  in  the  atmosphere. 

<pe-opli  l-lus.*  [From  yrj,  or  yea, 
the  “ earth,”  and  </j<Ara>,  to  “ love.”] 
Earth-loving.  Applied  as  a specific  name 
to  plarits  that  grow  on  the  earth,  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  others  of  the  same 
genus  or  order  growing  on  trees,  etc. 
Also  applied  in  the  plural  neuter  ( Ge - 
oph'ila ) to  a division  of  Gasteropoda  that 
live  upon  the  land. 

«fe©r'gi-a  Hark.  The  bark  of  the 
Pinckneya  pubens,  an  American  plant, 
used  as  a substitute  for  Cinchona. 

^Je-ra'nl-ay*  plural  of  tye-rani-iim, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Geraxiace^e. 

Geraniacese,**  je-ra-ne-a'she-e,  or 
^ie-ra'iii-a.*  A natural  order  of  exoge- 
nous plants,  including  the  Geranium.  An 
astringent  principle  and  an  aromatic  or 
resinous  flavor  characterize  this  order. 

^to-ra'iii-uni.*  Cranesbill.  ThePhar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  rhi- 
zoma  of  Gera' nium  macula' turn. 

^Je-rat'I-ciis.*'  [From  ynpa$,“ old  age.”] 
Belonging  to  old  age.  Applied  (in  the 
plural,  Gerat'ici)  to  an  order  of  diseases. 

^erm.  [Ger'men,  Ger  minis.] 
The  first  principle  of  any  thing  that  has 
life,  whether  animal  or  vegetable.  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  the  coreulvm  or  embryo 
of  a germinating  seed,  lying  between 
the  cotyledons,  and  constituting  the  exact 
point  from  which  the  life  and  organization 
of  the  future  plant  are  to  spring. 

^er'man  Sil'ver  (called  by  the  Chi- 
nese Packfong:).  The  white  alloy  of 
nickel,  formed  by  fusing  together  one 
hundred  parts  of  copper,  sixty  of  zinc, 
and  forty  cf  nickel. 

Ger'maiii  Tim 'tier.  (Fr.  Amadou , 
&'ma'doo'.)  A substance  prepared  from 
the  Polyp' orus  f omenta' rins  and  ignia’- 
rins,  by  cutting  the  fungi  into  slices, 
beating,  and  soaking  them  in  a solution 
of  nitre. 

ger'men,*  gen.  Ger'mil-mis.  The 

rudiment  of  the  young  fruit  and  seed  of 
vegetables  at  the  base  of  the  pistil:  also 
the  same  as  Germ,  which  see. 

Germinal  Membrane.  See  Blas- 

torerm. 

^er*mi»na ' lion . [Germina'tio, 

221 


GER 


GLA 


o' n is ; from  ger'mino , germina’tum , to 
“ bud.”]  The  act  of  sprouting. 

Ger-mia  a-tlve.  [Gerniinati'vus ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  power  to  bud, 
or  develop. 

«^er-o-co'mi-a.*  [From  yipag,  “old 
age,”  and  Kopioj,  to  “care  for.”]  That 
department  of  hygiene  which  treats  of 
the  regimen  and  medical  attention  pro- 
per for  old  age. 

Girofle.  The  same  as  Girofle. 

<£rer-on-tox'oii.*  [From  yepw,  yepov- 
rog,  an  “ old  man,”  and  to%ov,  a “ bow.”] 
The  same  as  Arcus  Senilis,  which  see. 

Gesiieraceje,*jes-ner-a'she-e.  [From 
Gesne'ra,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants  (shrubs  or 
herbs),  found  in  India,  Europe,  etc. 

^res-ta'tion.  [Gesta'tio,  o'nis ; from 
ges’to,  gesta'tum , to  “ carry  often,”  to 
“carry  about”  (from  ge'ro,  ges'tum,  to 
“carry”).]  The  condition  of  a pregnant 
female ; pregnancy ; gravidity,  or  uterine 
gestation.  Also,  applied  to  a species  of 
exercise  without  bodily  exertion ; as 
swinging,  riding  in  a carriage,  or  sailing. 

<^e'uin.*  A Linnsean  genus  of  the 
class  Icosandria , natural  order  liosacese. 
Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.) 
for  the  root  of  Ge' urn  riva'le  (Water  Avens). 

^re'uin  Ur-ba'imm.*  The  herb 
avens,  or  bennet. 

G.  G.  G.  = Gum'mi  Gut'tse  Gam'bise .* 
“ Gamboge.” 

Gib-bi-for'mis.*  [From  gib' bus,  a 
“hump  on  the  back.”]  Resembling  a 
hump  : gib'biform. 

Gib-bos  l-ty.  [Gibbos'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  gib'bus , “crooked,”  or  “bossed.”] 
The  state  of  being  irregularly  swelled 
or  bunched;  crookedness. 

Gibbous.  [Gib'bus;  from  vSog,  the 
“hump  on  a camel’s  back.”]  Convex; 
bunched  out. 

Giddiness.  See  Vertigo. 

<^il-le'ni-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  Gille'nia 
trifolia' ta,  and  of  Gille'nxa  stipula'  eea. 

Gilliesiacese,*  jil-le-se-a'she-e. 
[From  Gillie' sia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
small  natural  order  of  endogenous  and 
bulbous  fflants,  found  in  Chili. 

Gil-li-Aow'cr,  or  Gil'ly-Flow'er. 
The  Dian'thus  cavyophyV lus. 

Gills.  [From  gu'la , the  “throat.” 
Lat.  Bran  'cfiije.]  The  organs  of  res- 
piration in  fishes.  See  Branchiae. 

^imber  nut's  (jim-ber-nats';  Sp. 

ron.  H^m-beR-nftt')  Li^'a-ment.  The 
road,  thin,  triangular  insertion  of  Pou- 
part’s  ligament. 

222 


Gin.  See  Geneva. 

^Jin'ger.  The  root  of  Zingiber  offici- 
nale. 

t^in-gl'va.*  [Derived,  according  to 
some,  from  gig' no,  to  “beget,”  because 
they  seem  to  produce  the  teeth.]  (Fr. 
Gencive,  zhoNG's£v'.)  The  gum ; the 
highly  vascular,  fleshy  substance  cover- 
ing the  alveoli,  and  necks  of  the  teeth. 

t^in-gi-vi'tis,  i die*  [From  gingi'va, 
the  “gum.”]  Inflammation  of  the  gum. 

tyiii  gly-moid.  [Gingly moi  des ; 
from  yiyy\')p6$,  a “hinge,”  and  e'idog,  a 
“ form.”]  Resembling  a hinge ; hinge- 
like. 

^■rin'giy-mus.*  [Gr.  yiyy\vpog.’]  A 
species  of  diarthrosis.  A hinge-like  ar- 
ticulation, in  which  the  bones  move  upon 
each  other  in  two  directions  only,  viz. : 
forwards  and  backwards.  Examples 
occur  in  the  elbow,  the  wrist,  the  knee, 
the  ankle,  the  lower  jaw,  etc. 

^riii'scng*.  [A  Chinese  word,  signi- 
fying, it  is  said,  the  “power  of  man;”  so 
called  because  it  is  supposed  to  increase 
virility.]  The  Chinese  name  of  the  root 
of  the  Pa’nax  quinquefo'lium.  See  Panax. 

Girofle,  zh^'rofl'.  A French  term  for 
the  “clove.”  See  Eugenia. 

Giz'zard.  [Veil trie 'ul us  €allo'- 
sus.]  The  proper  stomach  of  birds. 

Gla-bel'la.*  [Diminutive  .of  gla’bra, 
the  feminine  of  gla'ber,  “smooth.”]  The 
small  space  between  the  eyebrows,  and 
immediately  above  a line  from  one  to 
the  other;  also  called  Intercilium. 

Gla-bel'lar.  [Glabella' ris.]#  Be- 
longing to  the  glabella.  The  same  as 
Antinial. 

Glabrous.  [Gla'ber;  from  yXa0u- 
pog,  “fair.”]  Without  hairs  or  pubes- 
cence; smooth. 

Glace,  gl&ss.  The  French  term  for 
“ice.”  See  Glacies. 

Glacial,  gla'she-al.  [Glacia'lis; 
from  gla'cies,  “ ice.”]  Pertaining  to  ice  ; 
like  ice;  icy.  The  term  is  often  applied 
to  acids  existing  in  a crystalline  form  like 
ice. 

Gla'cial  A-cet'ic  A$'id.  The  strong- 
est acetic  acid  which  can  be  procured. 
It  exists  in  a crystallized  state  under  50° 
of  Fahrenheit,  and  contains  79  percent, 
of  real  acid.  See  Acetum. 

Gla'cial  Phos-phor'ic  A$'id.  [A<?'- 
iduni  Pliosplior'icuin  Glacia'le.] 
A colorless,  glass-like  substance,  some- 
times used  as  a tonic  and  refrigerant.  It 
has  been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  in  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1S60. 


GLA 


GLI 


Glacies,*  gla'she-ez.  [From  gelas'cof 
to  “ freeze.”]  The  Latin  term  for  “ice,” 
or  congealed  water. 

[Gla*lia'tus;  from 
gla'dius,  a “ sword.”]  Sword-like ; ensi- 
form. 

Oladi-us  Pis-to-ri-en'sis.;  (A 

“ Pistorian  Sword-Knife.”)  A bistoury: 
so  called  because  the  town  of  Pistori  was 
once  famous  for  their  manufacture.  See 
Bistoury. 

Glaire,  or  Glair.  The  white  of  egg. 

Glair'in,  or  Glair'Inc.  [Glairi'na.] 

A peculiar  vegetable  or  animal  sub- 
stance, somewhat  resembling  dried  albu- 
men (or  glaire),  produced  at  the  sulphu- 
reous spring  of  Aix,  in  Savoy. 

Glance.  A name  given  to  certain 
minerals  which  have  a metallic  or  pseudo- 
metallic  lustre,  as  glance  coal,  etc. 

Gland.  [Gians,  Glan'dis ; from 
glans , an  “acorn.”]  An  organ  consist- 
ing of  blood-vessels,  absorbents,  and 
nerves,  for  secreting  or  separating  some 
particular  fluid  from  the  blood.  Also, 
the  bulbous  extremity  of  the  penis  and 
clitoris,  in  Botany,  applied  to  a secre- 
tory vessel. 

Gland,  Pain  of.  See  Adenalgia. 

Glanders.  See  Farcy. 

Gian 'di-form.  [Glandifor'mis.] 
Formed  or  shaped  like  a gland.  The 
same  as  Adeniform,  and  Adenoid. 

Glan'du-la.*  [Diminutive  of  glans.] 
A little  gland:  a glan'dule. 

Glandula  Prostata  Muliebris. 
See  Corpus  Glandulosum. 

Glan'du-Ue  Ag-gre-ga'tse,*  or 
Gian 'dulse  Gon-g-re-g,a't$e.*  (“Ag- 
gregated or  Clustered  Glandules.”)  See 
Peyer’s  Glands. 

Glan'dulse  An-ti-pros-tat'I-^se.* 

The  antiprostatic  glandules  or  glands. 

Glandulse  Bnmneri.  See  Brun- 
ner’s Glands. 

Glandulse  Cowperi.  See  Glandu- 
le Antiprostatice. 

Glandulse  Meibomii.  See  Meibo- 
mian Glands. 

Glandulse  Myrtiformes.  See  Ca- 

RUNOULE  MYRTIFORMES. 

Glandulse  Nabothi,  Glandulse 
Nabotbianse.  See  Naboth’s  Glands. 

Glandulse  Gdoriferse.  See  Tysoni 
Glandule. 

Glandulse  Pacdiionise.  See  Pac- 
chionie,  Glandule. 

Glandulse  Solitarise.  See  Brun- 
ner’s Glands. 

Glandulse  Tysoni.  See  Tysoni 
Glandule. 


Glan'du-lar.  [Glandula' reus, 

from  glan'dula.]  Pertaining  to,  or  like, 
a gland,  in  appearance,  function,  or 
structure. 

Glan'du-lous.  [Glandulo'sus; 

from  glan'dula.]  Having  little  eleva- 
tions like  glands. 

Gians.  See  Gland. 

Gians  Cli-tor'I-dis.*  A term  ap- 
plied to  the  extremity  of  the  clitoris. 

Gians  Pe'nis.*  The  nut-like  head 
of  the  Mem' brum  viri'le. 

G laser ian  Fissure,  or  Fissure  of 
Glaserius.  See  Fissura  Glaserii. 

Glass.  See  Cyathus. 

Glass,  Sol'u-ble,  is  formed  by  com- 
bining potash  or  soda  with  silicic  acid 
or  silica,  without  any  third  ingredient. 
It  presents  the  usual  vitreous  aspect,  but 
is  easily  dissolved  in  water.  It  is  em- 
ployed as  a kind  of  paint  for  paper, 
cloth,  wood,  etc.,  to  prevent  or  retard 
their  inflammation  on  the  contact  of  an 
ignited  body. 

Glau  ber’s  Sails.  [SalGlau  'beris.] 

The  sulphate  of  soda. 

Glau-co'ma,  a tis.%  [From  y\avK6g, 
“blue  green,”  also  “ light  gray.”]  Dim- 
ness or  defect  of  vision  from  opacity  of 
the  vitreous  humor. 

Glau-co-mat'l-eus.*  Pertaining  to 
glaucoma. 

Glau-eom'a-tous,  or  Glau-oom'a- 
tose.  [Glaueomato'des,  Giaueom- 
ato'sus;  from  glauco'ma.]  Having 
glaucoma,  or  like  glaucoma:  green. 

Glau-co'sis.;:  Another  name  for 

Glaucoma,  which  see. 

Glau'cous.  [Glau'cus;  from 
yXa’iKos,  a “ blue  green,”  or  “ light  gray.”] 
Light  gray.  Applied  to  leaves  or  fruits 
covered  with  a whitish  bloom  which  is 
easily  rubbed  off,  as  the  cabbage-leaf  or 
the  plum. 

Gleet.  [Anglo-Saxon  Glidan,  to 
“glide,”  to  “flow  down  gently.”]  A 
thin  matter  issuing  out  of  ulcers,  but 
generally  applied  to  a result  of  gonor- 
rhoeal disease. 

Gle'noid.  [Glenoi'des ; from  yXrivrj, 
a “cavity,”  and  udog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a pit  or  cavity. 

Gleucose.  See  Glucose. 

Gli'a-diu.  [Gliacli'na;  from  yAia, 
“glue.”]  One  of  the  constituents  of 
vegetable  gluten. 

Glis'soo,  Cap'sule  of.  [Cap'sula 
Glisso'iiii.]  A thin,  strong  sheath  of 
peritonaeum  surrounding  the  vessels  of 
the  liver,  and  entering  the  transverse 
fissure,  throughout  the  entire  organ. 

223 


GLO 


GLO 


Glo'bate.  [Globa'tus;  from  glo'bus, 
a “ball.”]  Shaped  like  a ball. 

Glo'bose.  [Globo'sus;  from  glo’bus, 
a “ball.”]  Round  like  a ball;  globular. 

Glob'u-lar.  [Globula'ris;  from 
glo'bus,  a “globe.”]  Like  a globe. 

Glob'tale.  [Glob'ulus;  diminutive 
of  glo’bus , a “globe.”]  Applied  to  such 
particles  of  matter  as  are  of  a globular 
or  spherical  figure,  like  the  globules  of 
the  blood,  or  of  milk. 

Glob'u-lin,  or  Glob'u-liue.  [Glob- 
uli'na;  from  glob’ ulus , a “globule.”] 
The  colorless  substance  which  remains 
after  the  red  coloring  matter  has  been 
removed  from  the  globules  of  the 
blood. 

Glob'u-Iism.  [From  glob’ulus , a 
“little  globe,”  or  “pill.”]  A name  for 

Homoeopathy. 

Glo'bus  Ilys-ter'a-ctis.*  (“  Hyster- 
ical Ball.”)  A sensation  as  if  a ball 
were  ascending  in  the  throat,  caused  by  a 
portion  of  air  arising  in  the  oesophagus , 
and  prevented  from  escaping  by  spasm. 

Glo'bus  Major.*  The  head  of  the 
epididymis. 

Glo'bus  Mi'nor.*  The  lower  en- 
largement of  the  epididymis. 

Glo-clild'i-ate,  Glo'ctiin-ate. 
[Glochidia'tus,  Glochiaia'tus;  from 
yXfotfg,  the  “point  of  a dart.”]  A botani- 
cal term  signifying  “barbed,”  bent  back 
at  the  point,  like  the  barb  of  a fish- 
hook. 

Glom'er-ate.  [Glomera'tus;  from 

glom'ero,  glomera’tum , to  “wind  on  a 
ball”  (from  glo’mus , a “clue,”  or 
“ball”).]  Crowded  together;  congre- 
gated. Applied  to  glands  formed  of  a 
clue,  as  it  were,  of  sanguineous  vessels 
having  an  excretory  duct  but  no  cavity. 

Glom'e-rule.  [Glomeru'lus;  di- 
minutive of  glo’mus,  a “clue  of  thread.”] 
A botanical  term  signifying  a small  tuft 
or  capitnlum , mostly  in  the  axilla  of  the 
peduncle. 

Glos'sa.*  [Gr.  y\maaa.]  The  tongue; 
the  chief  organ  of  taste.  See  Tongue. 

Glos'sa-g’ra.*  [From  yX'3™-a,  the 
“tongue,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”]  Vio- 
lent pain  in  the  tongue;  nearly  the  same 
as  glossulgii. 

Glos-s;\l'gi-a.*  [From  yXwcra,  the 
“tongue,”  and  a Xvo;,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  tongue.  See  Glossagra. 

Glos-sftl'&I-cus.*  Belonging  to 
glossulgia:  glossal'gic. 

Glos-san'tlirax,  &cis.%  [From  yX'3:r- 
aa,  the  “tongue,”  and  ii'Opat,  a “burning 
coal.”]  Carbuncle  of  the  tongue,  of 
224 


rare  occurrence  in  human  beings,  but 
not  unfrequent  in  some  domestic  ani- 
mals. 

Glos-sep-i-glot'ti-cus.*  [From 

y\dkra-a,  the  “tongue,”  and  epiglot’tis .] 
Belonging  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis. 
Applied  to  a ligament : glossepiglot'tic. 

Glos-sat'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  glos- 
sitis : glossit'ic. 

Glos-si'tis., idis*  [From  yXmocra,  the 
“tongue.”]  Inflammation  of  the  tongue. 

Glos-so-cat  o-ch us.*  [ Fro m yXdxjja, 
the  “tongue,”  and  tcarexco,  to  “hold 
down.”]  An  instrument  for  depressing 
the  tongue. 

Glos'so-^ele.*  [From  yXcuao-o,  the 
“tongue,”  and  xrjXri,  a “tumor.”]  Ex- 
trusion, or  a hypertrophied  condition  of 
the  tongue,  causing  it  to  be  partially 
projected. 

Glos-soc'o-mtim.*  [From  yX'oaara, 
the  “tongue,”  and  kouso),  to  “guard.”] 
Formerly,  a case  for  the  tongue  of  a 
hautboy;  but,  metaphorically,  a kind 
of  long  box  or  case  for  containing  a 
fractured  leg. 

Glos-sog'ra-phy.  [Glossogra'- 
phia;  from  yX'ooroa,  the  “tongue,”  and 
ypa<l> c*>,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
tongue. 

Glos-so-hy'al.  [Glossohya'Iis; 

from  yXcocrcra,  the  “tongue,”  and  hyoi’dcs , 
“hyoid.”]  Applied  by  Geoffroy  St. 
Hilaire  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the 
hyoid  bone,  and  by  Owen  to  the  Os  lin- 
guale  in  birds  and  fishes. 

Glos-so-i'des.*  [From  y\maaa,  the 
“tongue,”  and  cidog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling the  tongue : glos'soid. 

Glos-sol'o-£y.  [Glossolo'gia ; from 
yXcjTo-a,  the  “tongue,”  and  \6yog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  powers  and 
functions  of  the  tongue;  the  science  of 
the  tongue.  Also  used  nearly  synony- 
mously with  Terminology. 

Glos-sol'y-sis.*  [Fr<  m y\(oacra,  the 
“tongue,”  and  \voig,  a “solution.”]  Pa- 
ralysis of  the  tongue.  See  Glossoplegia. 

Glossouiantia,*  glos-so-man'she-a. 
[From  yX'osaa,  the  “tongue,”  and  pavTcia, 
a “divination.”]  Prognosis  from  the 
state  of  the  tongue.  See  Glossoscopia. 

Glosso-Pharynsreal.  See  Glosso- 
PhARYNGEUB. 

GIos'so-Phj\r-yn-&o'aI  Nerves. 

Another  name  for  the  eighth  pair. 

G los ' so- Ph  A r-y  11  -are ' us.  * [From 
y\\)7(ra,  the  “tongue,”  and  0apuy£,  tho 
“pharynx.”]  Belonging  to  the  tongue 
and  pharynx.  A synonym  of  the  con- 
strictor superior  of  the  pharynx,  from 


GLO 


GLY 


its  origin  in  the  root  of  the  tongue,  and 
its  insertion  into  the  pharynx. 

Glos-so-ple'gl-a.'*'  [From  yXwovia, 
the  “tongue,”  and  -nXnyii,  a “stroke.”] 
Paralysis  of  the  tongue:  glos'soplegy. 

Glos-sop-to'sis.;:  [From  yXwaaa,  the 
“tongue,”  and  nrcjatg,  a “falling.”]  A 
falling  or  lengthening  of  the  tongue. 

Glos-sor-rlua'gi-a.*  [From  yXucca, 
the  “tongue,”  and  priyvvpi , to  “burst 
forth.”]  An  incomplete  term,  intended 
to  mean  haemorrhage  from  the  tongue. 

Glos-sor-rba'pBii-a.*  [From  yXdana, 
the  “tongue,”  and  fiacbrj,  a “suture.”] 
The  suture,  or  sewing  up  of  a wound,  of 
the  tongue. 

Glos-sos-co'pl-a.*  [From  yXCxTcra,  the 
“tongue,”  and  ckottcoj,  to  “examine.”] 
Examination  of  the  tongue,  as  a princi- 
pal means  of  diagnosis:  glossos'copy. 

Glos-so-stapti-y-li'mis.**  [From 
yXdiaaa,  the  “tongue,”  and  <rra/pv\fj,  the 
“uvula.”]  A designation  of  the  constric- 
tor isthmi  faucium , from  its  origin  in  the 
tongue  and  its  insertion  into  the  uvula. 

Glos-sos-te-re'sis.*  [From  yXwaaa, 
the  “tongue,”  and  arepeco,  to  “deprive.”] 
Excision  or  extirpation  of  the  tongue. 

Glos-sot'o-my.  [Glossoto'mia ; 
from  yXdaaa,  the  “tongue,”  and  rcpvu),  to 
“cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  tongue. 

Glos-syper-tropM-a.**  [From 
yXwo-o-a,  the  “ tongue,”  and  hypertro'phia, 
“hypertrophy.”]  Hypertrophy  of  the 
tongue:  glossyper'trophy. 

Glot~ti-<lo-spas'iiMis.*  [From  glot'- 
tis,  and  spas'mus,  a “spasm.”]  Spasm 
of  the  glottis. 

Glot'tis,  i dis.%  [Gr.  yXcorrig,  the 
small  chink  or  aperture  of  a pipe.]  The 
aperture  of  the  larynx. 

Glot-ti'tis.*  Inflammation  of  the 
glottis. 

Glii-^i'iia,-*  or  Glu'^me.  [From 
yXvsvg,  “sweet.”]  One  of  the  primitive 
earths. 

Glu-^ini-iiEii,*  or  Glu-£i'num.* 

The  metallic  base  of  glucina. 

Glu  'cose.  [From  yXucvg,  “sweet.”] 
A kind  of  sugar  obtained  from  grapes; 
also  from  starch  and  sulphuric  acid. 

Glue.  [Lat.  Glu 'ten,  or  G lu' ti- 
ll um  ; Gr.  y\ia,  “paste,”  or  “glue.”] 
A jelly  obtained  by  boiling  the  parings 
of  hides  and  other  offal. 

G1  u -co-su ' ri-a.*  [From  glucose,  and 
e fyoy,  “ urine. ”]  Applied  to  the  urine  in 
diabetes  mellitns. 

Glu-ma'ceous.  [Gluma'eeus; 

from  glu'ma , a “glume.”]  Having 
glumes ; like  a glume. 

20 


Glume.  [Glu'ma;  from  glu’ bo,  to 
“pull  off  bark.”]  The  husk  of  corn; 
chaff;  a species  of  calyx  peculiar  to 
corn  and  grasses. 

Gltimous.  See  Glumaceous. 

Glu-tae'us.*  [From  yXovrog,  the  “but- 
tock.”] (Fr.  Fessier,  fes'se-&'.)  The  name 
of  three  muscles  forming  the  greater  part 
of  the  fleshy  mass  beneath  the  ischia. 
Thej"  are  termed  the  Glut  sens  maximus, 
the  Glutseus  medius,  and  the  Gfutseus  mini- 
mus. Belonging  to  the  buttock  : glute'al. 

Glu'teu,*  gen.  Glu'ti-nis.  Glue. 
Usually  applied  to  vegetable  gluten,  or 
the  residue  after  the  farina  of  wheat  has 
been  deprived  of  its  starch ; paste. 

Glu'teu,  An  i-inal.  The  same  as 
Gelatine,  which  see. 

Gluten,  Vegetable.  See  Gluten. 

Glu'tin,  or  Glu'tine.  [Gluti'na; 
from  gin’ ten,  “glue.”]  A distinct  form 
of  gelatine  obtained  from  common  glue, 
of  which  it  forms  the  chief  ingredient. 

Glutineux.  See  Glutinous. 

Glu'tin-ous.  [Lat.  Glutino'sus; 
Fr.  G/utineux,  glu't&'nrh'.]  Having  the 
properties  of  gluten;  gluey;  adhesive. 

Glutimim.  See  Glue. 

Glu-ti'tis,  idis*  [From  yXovrog,  the 
“buttock.”]  Inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks, or  of  the  gluisei  muscles. 

Glys'er-id,  or  Gly^'er-Me.  A com- 
pound of  glycerin  with  a fatty  acid. 

Gly$'cr-in,  or  Gly^'er-ine.  [Gly$- 
eri'na;  from  yXjicvg,  “sweet.”]  A yel- 
lowish, transparent,  syrup -like  fluid, 
without  smell,  and  of  a sweet  taste, 
obtained  from  the  residue  in  making 
litharge  plaster,  and  from  the  refuse  in 
the  manufacture  of  soap,  etc.  It  is 
alterative  and  demulcent. 

Gly^-er-i'na.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  Glycerin,  which  see. 

Gly^'i-coll.  [Glyeicol'la:  from 
yX'Kvg,  “sweet,”  and  soWa,  “glue.”]  Su- 
gar of  gelatine,  obtained  by  boiling  gluten 
in  an  excess  of  caustic  alkali. 

Glycocholic.  See  Taurocholic. 

Glyc'o-gen.  [From  glu’cose,  and 
yewau),  to  “produce.”]  Literally,  “pro- 
ducing glucose.”  A peculiar  substance 
in  the  tissue  of  the  liver,  which  may  be 
changed  into  glucose. 

Gly$yr-rSii'za.*  [From  yXvxvg, 
“sweet,”  and  a “root.”]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  ||  for  the  root  of  Gh/c- 
yrrhiza  glabra;  the  G/ycyrrhizse  Radix 
of  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharma- 
copoeias. 

Glycyrrlii'za  G la 'bra.-  The 

liquorice-plant. 

225 


GLY 


GON 


Oly-cyi  rM'Zin.  [Olycyrrliizi'na.] 

The  saccharine  juice  of  the  Glycyrrhiza , 
or  liquorice -plant. 

Gly-pliogfra-pSiy.  [Glyphogra'- 
pliia ; from  yX»<pfi,  a “ carving’'  or  “ grav- 
ing,” and  ypacjxo,  to  “ paint.”]  A new 
kind  of  engraved  drawing,  by  which 
prints  are  produced  in  colors  from  the 
printing-press. 

Glysier.  See  Clyster,  and  Enema. 

Gna-liJia!'g,i-a*  (na-thal'je-a).  [From 
yvfidog,  the  “jaw,”  or  “ cheek,”  and  uXyog, 
“ pain.”]  Pain  of  the  jaw  or  cheek. 

Gna-ithit  l-cus.*  Belonging  to 
gnathitis. 

Gna-ihitis,  idis.*  [From  yvdQog,  the 
“jaw,”  or  “cheek.”]  Internal  inflam- 
mation of  the  cheek  or  maxilla. 

Giiath-o-neu-ral'gi-a.*  [From  yvd- 
Qog, the  “jaw,”  or  “cheek,”  vevpoi >,  a 
“ nerve,”  and  a\yog , “ pain.”]  Pain  of  a 
nerve  of  the  cheek,  or  maxilla ; maxil- 
lary neuralgia. 

Guath-o-plastic.  [Gnattioplas'- 
ticais.]  Belonging  to  gnathoplasty. 

Gnath'o-plas-ty.  [Gnatlioplas'- 

tia;  from  yvdQog,  the  “jaw,”  or  “cheek,” 
and  TrXdcTju),  to  “ form.”]  Operation  for 
repairing  any  deficiency  of  the  cheek  by 
appropriating  a sufficient  portion  of  the 
sound  parts  contiguous. 

Gnetaceae,*  ne-ta'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  plants  (Gymnogens),  found  in 
the  temperate  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
South  America.  It  includes  Gne'tum, 
and  one  other  genus. 

Goad'by’sSo-lu'tion.  A preparation 
for  preserving  animal  substances,  made 
with  bay-salt,  corrosive  sublimate  or 
arsenious  acid,  and  water. 

God  frey’s  Cor'di-al.  A quack  me- 
dicine, composed  of  an  infusion  of  sas- 
safras, coriander,  caraway,  and  anise- 
seeds,  treacle,  and  laudanum. 

Goitre.  (French,  probably  derived 
from guttur,  the  “throat.”)  A Swiss  term 
for  Bronchocele,  which  see. 

Gold.  [Lat.  Au' rum;  Fr.  Or,  or.]  A 
yellow  metal,  of  great  malleability  and 
ductility.  It  is  found  generally  native, 
either  massive,  or  disseminated  in  threads 
through  a rock,  or  in  grains  among  the 
sands  of  rivers.  Gold  is  remarkable  for 
resisting,  under  all  circumstances,  the 
action  of  the  air  and  of  the  ordinary 
acids.  It  is,  however,  dissolved  by  chlo- 
rine and  by  nitro-muriatic  acid,  forming  a 
chloride  of  gold.  The  specific  gravity  of 
gold  is  19.3,  it  being,  next  to  platinum, 
the  heaviest  of  all  metals. 

Gold-Leaf  E-lec-troin'e-ter.  An 
226 


instrument  for  detecting  the  presence  of 
electricity  by  the  divergence  of  two  slips 
of  gold-leaf. 

Gomrne,  gomm.  The  French  term 
for  Gum,  which  see. 

Gom-pfiio'sis.*  [From  yopcpoco,  to 
“ drive  in  a nail.”]  A variety  of  Synar- 
throsis, in  which  one  bone  is  fixed  in 
another  like  a nail  in  wood,  as  the  teeth 
in  their  sockets. 

Gon-a-ca*a  ti-a.*  [From  yovfi , “se- 
men,” and  aKparrjg , “impotent,”  or  “in- 
continent.”] Gonorrhoea,  in  its  proper 
signification,  being  the  same  as  Sperma- 
torrhoea, arising  from  debility  induced 
by  excess. 

Gon'a-gra.*  [From  yow,  the  “knee,” 
and  aypa , a “seizure.”]  Gout  in  the 
knee,  or  knee-joint. 

Gon-ar-tfiiri'tis,  i dis*  [From  yow, 
the  “knee,”  and  dpQpov,  a “joint.”]  Inflam- 
mation of  the  knee-joint;  also,  of  the 
knee. 

Gon-ar- throe 'a-ce.*  [From  yow, 
the  “knee,”  dpQpov , a “joint,”  and 
Kata 7,  “evil,”  or  “ disease.”]  A cancer- 
ous or  ulcerated  condition  of  the  knee- 
joint. 

Gon-e-sys'tis.*  [From  yovfi,  “se- 
men,” and  Kvong,  a “bladder.”]  Applied 
in  the  plural  (Gonecy  s'  tides)  to  the  semi- 
nal vesicles. 

Gon-e-poi-e'sis.*  [From  yovfi,  “ se- 
men,” and  ttoicio,  to  “ make.”]  The  se- 
cretion of  the  semen. 

Gon-e-poi-et'ic.  [Gonepoiet'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  gonepoiesis. 

GonflcmeEit,  gbxfl'moNo'.  The  French 
term  for  “swelling.”  See  Tumefaction. 

Gong;  Met  al.  An  alloy  of  eighty 
parts  of  copper  and  twenty  of  tin. 

Gon'gyle.  [Lat.  Gon'gylus ; Gr. 
yoyyvXog,  “round.”]  A round,  hard  body 
prolonged  from  the  wood  into  the  bark 
of  the  plant,  and  detached  by  the  pro- 
gress of  age. 

Gon'g^y-lus.*  [Gr.  yoyyvXog,  “round.”] 
Round ; globular  : gon'gylous. 

Go-ni-oin'e-ter.  [Gouioin'etmin ; 

from  yoivia,  an  “ angle,”  and  perpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  meas- 
uring the  angles  of  crystals. 

Go-noc'a-ce.*  [From  y6vv , the 
“ knee,”  and  Kauri,  an  “ evil.”]  White 
swelling  of  the  knee. 

Gon'o-$ele.*  [From  yovfi,  “semen,” 
and  KfiXri,  a “ tumor.”]  Effusion  of  se- 
men out  of  the  ruptured  seminal  vesicles, 
into  the  cellular  texture;  also,  a swelling 
of  the  testicle  and  spermatic  cord,  from 
supposed  retention  of  the  semen. 


GON 


GOU 


Co  noid.  [Gonoi'des;  from  yovrj, 
lt  semen, ” and  eiSog , a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling the  semen. 

Gon'o-phore.  [Gonoph'orus; 

from  yovos,  “ seed,”  “ offspring,”  and  <pepio, 
to  “ bear.”]  In  Botany,  a prolongation 
of  the  receptacle  which  proceeds  from 
the  bottom  of  the  calyx,  and  sustains 
the  stamens  and  pistil. 

Oon-o-phy-se'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
ydw,  the  ‘‘  knee,”  and  an  “ infla- 

tion.”] The  same  as  Gonocace,  Gonyo- 
cele,  Gonyoncus,  which  see. 

Gonopoesis.  See  Gonepoiesis. 

Gonor  - rBio  - blepli ' ar  - rhee ' a.* 
[From  yovofpoa,  a “flow  of  semen,” 
apov,  the  “ eyelid,”  and  />rco,  to  “flow.”] 
Gonorrhoeal  inflammation,  and  discharge 
of  purulent  matter  from  the  eye  and  eye- 
lids. See  Ophthalmia. 

Gonorrhoea,*  gon-or-re'a.  [From 
yo;fi,  “ semen,”  and  peco,  to  “flow.”]  In- 
voluntary discharge  of  semen  without 
copulation.  The  same  as  Spermator- 
rhoea. Applied,  however  (erroneously, 
if  we  regard  the  etymology),  to  a dis- 
charge of  purulent  infectious  matter  from 
the  urethra  of  males,  the  vagina,  labia, 
nymphrn,  clitoris,  frequently  the  mouth 
and  neck  of  the  uterus,  and  sometimes 
the  urethra,  of  females.  A genus  of  the 
order  Apocenoses,  class  Locales , of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

GonorrBioe'a  Bal'a-ni.*  [From 
bal'anus,  the  “ glans  penis.”]  A puru- 
lent discharge  from  the  surface  of  the 
entire  glans  penis,  which  is  then  in  a 
highly  inflamed  and  raw  state. 

Gonorrhoea  Bormientiimm.  See 
Spermatorrhea  Dormientium. 

Gom-or-rhoe'al.  [Gonorrho'icus.] 
Belonging  to  gonorrhoea. 

Goaa'or-rbo-prosta-ti'tis,  Id  is* 
Inflammation  of  the  prostate  gland  pro- 
duced by  gonorrhoea. 

Go-nos'cbe-o-^ele.*  [From  yovrj, 
“semen,”  o<j\£ov , the  “scrotum,”  and  KriXn, 
a “tumor.”]  Swelling  of  the  testicle,  or 
epididymis,  from  accumulation  of  the 
semen : spermatocele. 

Gon-os-per'mous.  [Gonosper'- 
mms;  from  ycovia,  an  “angle,”  and 
vTrcppa,  a “ seed.”]  Having  angular  seeds. 

Gon-os-tro'ma,  a ft®.*  [From  yovo ;, 
“ offspring,”  and  orpeopa,  a “ stratum,”  or 
u bed.”]  A gon'ostrome.  The  germinal 
layer  or  bed  in  the  ovule  of  Mammalia ; 
the  Stratum  proligerum  of  Baer. 

Go  ny41'gi-a.ii:  [From  yovv,  the 

“knee,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  knee. 


Go'n^-o-cam'psis.*  [From  y6iv,  the 
“knee,”  and  Kap\pn,  a “curvature.”] 
Curvature  of  the  knees. 

Go'ny-o-sele.*  [From  yovv,  the 
“knee,”  and  a “tumor.”]  White 

swelling,  or  what  has  been  called  hernia 
of  the  knee. 

Go'ny-on'cus.*  [From  y6w,  the 
“knee,”  and  oyKog,  a “tumor.”]  Swelling, 
or  tumor,  of  the  knee.  See  Gonyocele. 

Gon-y-ty'le.*  [From  yovv,  the 
“knee,”  and  rv\ri,  a “callus.”]  Callus, 
or  a hard  thick  skin,  of  the  knee. 

Goodeniaceae,*  goo-de-ne-a'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
mostly  herbaceous,  found  in  Australia. 

Goosc-Slkio.  See  Cutis  Anserina. 

Gor'di-us,*  called  also  Se'ta  I'-qui'- 
na,*  or  “horse-hair.”  The  horse-hair 
worm  of  the  old  writers.  It  is  supposed 
to  occasion  Intestinal  disease,  occurring 
among  the  peasantry  of  Lapland  from 
drinking  water  containing  this  worm; 
and  Cuticular  disease  when  it  is  lodged 
under  the  skin,  constituting  the  morbus 
pilaris  of  Horst,  and  the  malis  d crinoni- 
bus  of  Sauvages. 

Gordius  Medinensis.  See  Guinea- 
Worm. 

Gor'g’et.  An  instrument  for  the 
operation  of  lithotomy,  formed  like  a 
knife,  with  a beak  which  fits  the  groove 
in  the  staff. 

Gos-syp'i-i  Radix.*  (“Root  of 
Gossypium.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the  Gossypium 
herbaceum  and  other  species  of  Gossypium. 

Gos-syp'l-um.;i:  [Gossip  ion.]  A 
Linnsean  genus  of  cotton-producing 
plants,  class  Monadelphia , natural  order 
Mahacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  cotton,  a filamentous 
substance  separated  from  the  seed  of 
Gossypium  herbaceum,  and  of  other  species 
of  Gossypium. 

Gossyp'ium  Herba'ceum*  (her- 
ba'she-um).  The  systematic  name  of 
the  cotton-plant. 

Goulard’s  (goo'lardz')  Ce'rate.  The 

Ceratum plumbi  subaeetatis.  It  received  its 
name  from  Goulard  (Fr.  pron.  goo'laR'), 
a Frenchman,  by  whom  it  was  intro- 
duced to  the  notice  of  the  public.  Its 
refrigerant  properties  often  nnder  it  a 
most  useful  and  grateful  application  to 
blistered  surfaces  indisposed  to  heal ; 
also,  to  burns,  excoriations,  and  cutaneous 
eruptions,  especially  if  attended  with 
much  heat  or  irritation  of  the  surface. 

Goulard’s'  Ex'traet.  The  Liquof 
plumbi  subaeetatis. 


227 


GOU 


GRA 


Gourd.  [Cucur'bita.]  The  fruit  of 

the  (Jucurbita pepo ; also,  the  plant  itself. 

Gourd,  Bit'ter.  The  Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis,  plant  and  fruit. 

Gout.  [From  the  Latin  gut'ta;  Fr. 
Goutte,  goott,  a “drop;”  so  named  from 
the  idea  that  the  disease  was  produced 
by  a morbid  fluid  gradually  distilling 
into  the  part.]  Arthri’tis,  characterized 
by  pain  in  the  joints,  chiefly  of  the  great 
toe,  or  of  the  feet  and  hands;  also  termed 
Podagra,  which  see. 

Gout -Stone.  The  Cal’ cuius  arthrit’- 
icus,  or  podag'ricus.  A stony  concretion 
deposited  in  the  affected  part  in  gout. 

Goutte.  See  Gout. 

Gr.  ==  Gra'num ,*  or  Gra'na.^  A 
“ grain.”  or  “grains.” 

Graa'fi-an  Fol'ls-clos  [Follie'uli 
Graafia'ni],  or  Graa  fian  Ves'i-cles 
[Vesic'ulse  Graafia'iue].  Applied  to 
small  spherical  bodies  found  in  the  stroma 
of  the  ovary.  They  consist  of  two  coats 
or  layers.  The  interior,  immediately  en- 
closing the  ovum,  is  termed  the  ovisac. 

Grac'i-lis.*  (“Slender.”)  Applied  to 
a slender  muscle  of  the  thigh,  and  to  a pro- 
cess of  the  malleus,  an  ossicle  of  the  ear. 

Grad'u-at-ed  Coin 'press.  A com- 
press formed  of  a^number  of  circular 
pieces  of  cotton  cloth,  progressively  de- 
creasing in  size,  the  whole  forming  a 
sort  of  pyramid,  the  apex  of  which  can 
be  applied  on  the  precise  point  wished, 
in  cases  of  wounded  arteries,  etc. 

Grain.  [Lat.  Gra'num;  Fr.  Graine , 
gRen  or  gR&n.]  Literally,  “a  grain  or 
seed  of  wheat,  barley,”  etc.  In  Phar- 
macy, the  twentieth  part  of  a scruple, 
or  sixtieth  of  a drachm. 

Graines  d'Avignon.  See  French 
Berries. 

Grains  of  Paradise.  See  Amomuit 
Guana  Paradisi. 

Graisse,  guess  or  gR&ss.  The  French 
term  for  “fat.”  See  Adeps. 

Gral'lse,*  gen.  Gral-la'runi,  used 
only  in  the  plural.  (Literally,  “ stilts.”) 
Another  terra  for  Grallatores. 

Gral-la-to'res.*  [The  plural  of 
g valla' tor,  “one  who  goes  on  stilts.”] 
The  name  of  an  order  of  waders,  or 
wading  birds,  h iving  long  legs  and  bills, 
by  which  they  wade  and  catch  their 
prey  in  the  water.  Also  termed  Grallse, 
Grallatorifc , Grail idse. 

Gral-la-to'rl-us.*  [From  gral'lse , 
“ stilts.”]  Belonging  to  stilts  or  crutches. 
Sometimes  applied  in  the  plural  feminine 
{G rail ato' rise)  to  an  order  of  birds.  See 
Grallatores. 

228 


Gra'men  Ca-ni'num.*  The  Triti- 

cum  repens,  couch-grass,  or  dog’s-grass. 

Gram'i-na,5  the  plural  of  gra'men , 
“grass,”  forming  the  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Gram- 
INACEA3. 

Graminaceae,^  gram-i-na'she-e. 
[From  gra'men,  “grass.”]  An  important 
natural  order  of  endogenous  plants, 
very  widely  distributed.  It  includes  the 
grasses,  wheat,  maize,  and  various  other 
kinds  of  cultivated  cereals,  the  sugar- 
cane, and  the  bamboo.  Their  habits  are 
gregarious  or  social.  Some  tropical  spe- 
cies assume  the  form  of  trees,  and  attain 
the  height  of  fifty  feet.  Sugar  is  a gene- 
ral product  of  this  order,  and  silex  is 
found  in  the  cuticle  of  many  species. 

Gram-I-na'ceous.  Gra-min'e-ous. 
[Gramina'ceus,  G rantin' eus;  from 
gra'men,  “grass.”]  Belonging  to  grass; 
grass-like. 

Gram-I-nic'o-lus.*  [From  gra'men , 
“ grass,”  and  co'/o,  to  “ inhabit.”]  Grow- 
ing among  grass;  as,  Agaricus  grami- 
nicola,  etc. 

Gram-I-ni-fo'li-ous.  [Gramini- 

fo'lius;  from  gra'men,  “grass,”  and./o'- 
lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having  leaves  like 
those  of  grass. 

Gram  1-ni-form.  [Graminifor'- 

mis:  from  gra'men,  “ grass.”]  Resem- 
bling grass. 

Gram-i-niv'o-rous.  [G  rain  ini  v'» 

ortts;  from  gra'men,  “grass,”  and  vo'ro, 
to  “devour.”]  Feeding  upon  grass. 

Gram-l-nolo-gy.  [Graminolo'- 
gia:  from  gra'men . “ grass,”  and  Aoyo;,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  grasses; 
the  science  of  grasses. 

‘Gramina,  a tis*  [From  ypagpct,  a 
“letter,”  a “note”  or  “point”  in  music; 
and,  hence,  a scruple,  the  smallest  of  Ro- 
man weights.]  A scruple ; the  twenty- 
fourth  part  of  an  ounce.  See  Scrupulus. 

Gram  me.5  [From  ypa^d.  a “letter,” 
or  “line.”]  Another  name  for  the  iris, 
because  it  has  the  appearance  of  minute 
lines  drawn  upon  it.  See  Iris. 

Gramme,  gram.  A French  weight, 
equal  to  15.434  grains  troy. 

Gra'na,  the  plural  of  Granum,  which 
see. 

Grana  Paradisi.  See  Amomum 

Gran  a Paradisi. 

Gra'na  Se-ca'lis  I>e-gen-er-a'ti.* 

(“  Seeds  of  Degenerate  [or  Diseased] 
Rye.”)  See  Ergot. 

Gra'na  Tig'li-i.*  The  seeds  of  the 

Croton  tig  Hum. 

Granadia.  Sec  next  article. 


GRA 


GRA 


Gran'a-riin,  or  Gran'a-dinc. 
[Grana'dia.]  A white,  crystalline,  vola- 
tile, and  exceedingly  sweet  substance, 
neither  alkaline  nor  acid,  obtained  from 
the  root  of  the  pomegranate,  Pu'nica 
gratia' turn  ; and  now  decided  to  be  man- 
nite. 

Gra-na'ti  Fruc'tus  Cor'tex.* 

(“Rind  of  the  Pomegranate  Fruit.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  rind  of  the  fruit  of  the  Pu'nica  gra- 
na'tnm. 

Grana'ti  Ra-df'cis  Cor'tex.* 

(“Bark  of  Pomegranate  Root.”)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
bark  of  the  root  of  the  Pu'nica  grana' turn. 

Gran-dl-den-ta'tus.*  [From  gran'- 
dis,  “ large,”  and  dens,  a “ tooth.”] 
Having  large  teeth,  or  indentations  : 
grandiden'tate. 

Gran-di-tflo'rus.*  [From  gran'dis, 
“large,”  and Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
large  flowers : grandiflo'rate. 

Gran-di-fo'li-us.*  [From  gran’dis, 
“large,”  and  f o’ Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
large  leaves : grandifo'liate. 

Gran'di-nes,*  the  plural  of  gran’ do, 
a “ hailstone.”  A term  applied  by  W csser 
to  tubercles  as  they  become  enlarged. 

Graii-di-no'sus.*  [From  gran'do, 
gran' din  us,  “hail.”]  Literally,  “full  of 
hail;”  also,  “resembling  a hailstone.” 
Applied  to  the  Os  cuboides,  from  its 
irregular  form. 

Gran 'do,*  gen.  Graii'dX-nis.  (“Hail, 
or  Hailstone.”)  A small,  hard  tumor  on 
the  eyelid,  supposed  to  resemble  a hail- 
stone. See  Chalaza. 

Gra-mif 'er-ous.  [Gran'ifer : from 
gra'num,  a,  “grain,”  and fe'ro,  to  “bear.*] 
Bearing  or  producing  grain. 

Grau'ite.  [Grani'tes;  from  gra'- 
num, a “grain.”]  A kind  of  primitive 
rook,  consisting  essentially  of  quartz, 
felspar,  and  mica. 

Gran-it'ie.  [Graaiit'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  granite. 

Gra-niv'o-mis.  [Grani  v'oru§ ; 

from  gra'num,  a “grain,”  and  vo'ro,  to 
“devour.”]  Eating  grain. 

Grau'u-lar.  [Graamfla'ris ; from 
gran’ ulum,  a “little  grain.”]  (Fr.  Granu- 
leux,  gR&'nuTuh'.)  In  the  form  of  grains ; 
of  the  nature  or  appearance  of  granu- 
lations. 

Graat'u-Sat-ed.  [Gramila'tws ; from 
the  same.]  Having  grains,  or  granular. 

Graii-u-la/tioii.  [Grasmla'tio, 

o'nis  ; from  the  same.]  The  division  of 
metallic  substances  into  small  particles, 
or  grains,  to  facilitate  their  combination 
20* 


with  other  substances.  Also,  the  process 
by  which  little  grain-like,  fleshy  bodies 
form  on  ulcers  and  suppurating  wounds, 
filling  up  the  cavities,  and  bringing  nearer 
together  and  uniting  their  sides. 

Gran  ule.  [Gran'uluin ; thedimi 
nutive  of  gra'num,  a “ grain.”]  A little 
grain. 

Gramilcux.  See  Granular. 

Gran'u-ll-cau'lis.*  [From  gran'u 
lum,  a “little  grain,”  and  cau'lis,  a 
“stem.”]  Having  stem  and  branches 
covered  with  little  tubercles. 

Gran-u-lif 'er-ous.  [G  rami' lifer; 
from  gran' ulum,  a “little  grain,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  granules;  as 
the  shell  of  the  Mitra  gran ulif era. 

G ran  'u-11-  form.  [Graiiulifor'- 
mis;  from  gran' ulum,  a “little  grain.”] 
Resembling  little  grains. 

Gran-u-los'I-ty.  [Granulos'itas, 
a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  A mass  of  small 
tubercles,  like  granules. 

Grau'u-lous.  [Granulo  sus;  from 
the  same.]  Having  granules;  full  of 
granules. 

Gra'num,*  plural  Gra  na.  A grain  ; 
a small  seed  of  any  kind.  The  sixtieth 
part  of  a drachm,  or  twentieth  of  a 
scruple. 

Grape-Sujgar.  See  Glucose. 

Grapli-i-o-i'des.*  [From  yparfng,  a 
“style,”  or  “writing-instrument,”  and 
£?do;,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a style; 
styloid.  Applied  to  the  styloid  process 
of  the  temporal  bone. 

Graph  ite.  [From  ypup(o,to  “write,” 
and  \i6n;,  a “stone;”  from  its  use  in  mak- 
ing pencils.]  Plumbago,  or  black  lead. 

Grass  Oil  of  Jfa  litur.  A volatile 
oil,  procured,  according  to  Boyle,  from 
the  Andropogon  Calamus  aromaticus.  It 
is  sometimes  incorrectly  called  oil  of 
spikenard. 

Gratiela  (grash'e-o-la)  Of-fi^-I- 
na'lis.*  The  systematic  name  of  the 
hedge-hyssop. 

Gra-ve'clo,  <1  inis.%  [From  gra'vis, 
“heavy.”]  Literally,  “heaviness.”  A 
term  for  coryza ; so  called,  probably, 
from  the  sense  of  weight  or  oppression 
experienced  in  a severe  catarrh. 

Grav'd.  [Lat.  Fithi'asis ; Fr. 
Gravelle,  gr&'vell'  : from  the  French  gra- 
vier,  gr&'ve'a',“  gravel”  or  “ coarse  sand.”] 
A popular  term  applied  either  to  calcu- 
lous matter  formed  in  the  kidneys,  pass- 
ing off  in  the  urine,  or  to  small  distinct 
calculi  or  concretions.  It  is  distinguished 
from  stone  in  the  bladder  by  being  of 
smaller  size.  See  Calculus. 

229 


GRA 


GUA 


Gravelle.  See  Gravel. 

Grave-Wax.  Adipocere. 

Grav'iil  Uter-us.  [U'terus  Grav'» 
idus.J  The  womb  in  the  impregnated 
state,  or  daring  gestation. 

Gra-vid'i-ty.  [Gravid'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  grav'idns,  “ pregnant/’]  The  con- 
dition of  a woman  who  is  pregnant;  ges- 
tation: pregnancy. 

Grav-I-grra 'dl-us.*  [From  gra'vis, 
“ heavy, " and  gra’dior , to  “ march.”] 
Walking  with  a heavy  tread.  Applied 
in  the  plural  neuter  (Gravigra'dia)  to 
an  order  of  Mammals,  as  the  elephant, 
etc. 

Grav-im'e-ter.  [Gravim'etruin; 

from  gra'vis,  “ heavy/'  and  gsrpoi/,  a 
“ measure."]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  specific  gravity  of  bodies. 

Grav-i-ta'tion.  [Gravita'tio,  o'nis; 
from  grav'itas,  "weight.”]  That  power 
or  tendency  by  which  all  material  bodies 
are  drawn  towards  each  other,  or  by 
which  a stone  or  other  body  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  earth  is  drawn  towards  the 
centre. 

Grav'i-ty.  [Grav'itas,  a 'tis  ; from 
gra'vis,  “ heavy."]  The  cause  or  power 
by  which  bodies  naturally  tend  towards 
the  centre  of  the  earth ; weight. 

Gravity,  Centre  of.  See  Centre 
of  Gravity. 

Grav'ity,  Spe-cif 'ic.  The  compara- 
tive density  (or  gravity)  of  one  body 
considered  in  relation  to  another  as- 
sumed as  the  standard.  In  measuring 
the  specific  gravity  of  liquids  or  solids, 
water  is  usually  taken  as  the  standard 
of  comparison,  being  reckoned  as  a 
unit;  in  measuring  gases,  common  air 
or  hydrogen  is  assumed  as  the  standard. 

Great  Sympathetic  Nerve.  See 
Trisplanchnic  Nerve. 

Gre'cl-aa  Wa'ter.  A solution  of 
nitrate  of  silver  disguised,  for  dyeing 
the  hair  black ; the  hair  thus  dyed  soon 
becomes  purple  on  exposure  to  the  light. 

Green  Milk.  See  Colostrum. 

Green  Sickness.  See  Chlorosis. 

Green  Vit'ri-ol.  The  sulphate  of 
iron. 

Green  Waters  Popularly,  the 
Lochia,  when  of  a dark,  dirty,  greenish 
aspect. 

Grenaflia.  See  Granadin. 

Grey  Lotion.  The  Lotio  nigra. 

Grif  3i Ill's  Mix  ture,  otherwise 
called  Mis-tu'ra  Fer'ri  Com-pos'i- 

ta*  (“  Compound  Mixture  of  Iron”). 
It  is  composed  chiefly  of  myrrh,  carbon- 
ate of  potash,  sulphate  of  iron,  and  spirit 
230 


of  lavender.  It  is  used  as  a tonic  in  dys- 
pepsia, chlorosis,  and  similar  affections. 

Grippe,  gRip  or  gRep.  The  French 
name  for  Influenza,  which  see. 

Groats,  grawts.  The  decorticated 
grains  of  the  common  oat. 

Gro'cer’s  Itch.  The  ecze'ma  impe- 
tigino'des  of  some  writers.  See  Acarus 
Sacchari. 

Groin.  See  Inguen. 

Grooved.  See  Sulcated. 

Grossesse,  gRo'sess'.  The  French 
term  for  Pregnancy,  which  see. 

Grossulaceae,*  gros-u-la'she-e,  or 
Gros-su-la-rl-a'ce-se.*  [From  gros' - 
sul'a,  a “ gooseberry,"  grossuta' ria,  a 
“ gooseberry-bush."]  A natural  order 
of  exogenous  shrubs,  found  in  the  tem- 
perate parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
America.  It  includes  the  currant  and 
gooseberry. 

Gros'su-llne.  [From  gros'sula,  a 
“ gooseberry."]  The  name  given  by 
Guibourt  to  a peculiar  principle  procured 
from  gooseberries  and  other  acid  fruits, 
forming  the  basis  of  jelly. 

Grot'to  del  Ca'ne  (k&'n&).  (“  Dog’s 
Grotto.")  A grotto  near  Naples,  in 
which  carbonic  acid  gas  rises  about 
eighteen  inches  above  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  so  that  it  affects  dogs  and  other 
small  animals. 

Growth.  [Lat.  Incremen'tum;  Fr. 

Croissance,  kRw&'soNSs'.]  Increase  or 
augmentation  of  the  body  in  all  its  parts, 
without  reference  to  the  peculiar  struc- 
ture, or  function,  and,  so,  distinct  from, 
though  nearly  connected  with,  Develop- 
ment. 

Grub.  The  larva  of  insects  ; also,  a 
sort  of  maggot,  hatched  from  the  egg  of 
the  beetle  {Scarabse' us). 

Gru'inous.  [Grunio'sus;  from 
gru'mu8,  a “clot."]  Thickened;  clotted; 
curdled. 

Gru'mus.*  A clot  of  milk,  or  of 
blood ; a curd. 

Gru'tum,*  or  Gru'tum  Mil'I-um.* 

A small  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  re- 
sembling a millet-seed. 

Gryl'lus  Ver-ru-clv'o-rus.*  [From 
verru'ea , a “wart,"  and  vu'ro,  to  “eat."] 
The  wart-eating  grasshopper  of  Sweden, 
which  is  caught  for  the  purpose,  as  it  is 
said,  of  biting  off  the  excrescence,  when 
it  also  discharges  a corrosive  liquor  on 
the  wound. 

GU.  = Gut'ta a “drop,"  or  Gut' tee* 
“drops." 

Guaiac,  gwl'ak  or  gwa'ak.  Th« 
same  as  Guaiaci  Resina,  which  svt. 


GUA 


GUM 


Guaiacanse,*  gwi-a-ka'ne.  The 
Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  order  of 
plants.  See  Ebenaceas. 

Guai'aci  (gwi'a-si)  Lignum.* 
(“Wood  of  Guaiacum.”)  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  ||  for  the  wood  of  the 
Guai'acum  officina'le,  popularly  called 
Lig'num  Vi'tve  (“Wood  of  Life”),  in  allu- 
sion to  its  great  medicinal  virtues.  It 
is  a stimulant  diaphoretic,  and  is  princi- 
pally used  in  cases  of  secondary  syphilis 
and  other  diseases  dependent  on  a viti- 
ated condition  of  the  system. 

Guai'aci  Re-si 'na.*  (“Resin  of 
Guaiacum.”)  Guaiac.  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  ||  for  the  concrete  juice  of 
the  Guai'acum  officina'le.  It  is  alterative 
and  stimulant,  and  is  much  used  as  a 
remedy  in  rheumatism. 

Guaiacin,  or  Guaiacine,  gwl'a-sin. 
A resinoid  principle  found  in  guaiac. 
It  dilfers  from  most  other  resins,  by 
being  converted  by  nitric  acid  into  ox- 
alic acid,  instead  of  artificial  tannin. 

Guaiacum,*  gwl'a-kum  or  gwa/a- 
kum.  (Sp.  Gnaiaco , gw&-y&/ko.)  The 
guaiac-tree;  a Linnsean  genus  of  the 
class  Decandria,  natural  order  Rutacese. 
Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond. 
and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  resin  obtained  from 
the  Guai'acum  officina' le. 

Guai'acum  Lig  num.*  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.) 
for  the  wood  of  Guaiacum  officinale. 

Guai'acum  Of-fii$-i-na'le.*  The 
tree  which  yields  Guaiacum. 

Guano,  gw&'no.  (Said  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  Peruvian  Huanu,  hw&'- 
noo,  “dung.”)  A species  of  manure  re- 
cently discovered  and  much  employed, 
on  account  of  its  great  strength  as  a 
fertilizer.  It  is  the  excrement  of  sea- 
fowl,  usually  deposited  on  small  islands 
and  cliffs  near  the  coast.  In  some  places 
it  is  found  in  such  enormous  beds  as  could 
only  be  produced  by  the  accumulation 
of  thousands  of  years. 

Gu-ber-nac'u-lum.*  [From  guber’  - 
no , gubernia’ turn,  to  “ guide,”  to  “govern.”] 
Something  which  guides  or  directs.  See 
next  article. 

Gubernac'uSumTes'tis.*  A fibro- 
vascular  cord  between  the  testicle  and 
scrotum  in  the  foetus.  So  named  because 
it  is  supposed  to  guide  the  testicle  in  its 
descent  from  the  abdomen. 

Guiu'ea  (gin'e)  Grains.  Another 
name  for  Malaguetta  pepper.  See  Amo- 
mum  Ghana  Paradisi. 

Guinea  Pepper.  See  Capsicum 
Annuum. 


Guin'ea  Worm,  otherwise  called 
Mails  Fi-la'rl-se*  (which  is  equivalent 
to  “ skein  worm,”  so  called  because  it  is 
wound  off  like  a skein  of  thread!.  A 
worm  found  chiefly  in  the  East  and  West 
Indies.  It  is  said  to  be  frequently  twelve 
feet  long,  and  about  the  thickness  of  a 
horse-hair ; it  burrows  under  the  cuticle, 
and  “may  be  felt  under  the  skin,  and 
traced  by  the  fingers  like  the  string  of  a 
violin.  ...  It  should  be  drawn  out  with 
great  caution,  by  means  of  a piece  of  silk 
tied  round  its  head  ; for  if,  by  being  too 
much  strained,  the  animal  break,  the 
part  remaining  under  the  skin  will  grow 
with  double  vigor,  and  often  occasion  a 
fatal  inflammation.” — (Good.) 

Guinea-lien  Weed.  The  vulgar 
name  of  the  Peleve’ria  Allia’cea,  an  ex- 
tremely acrid  plant,  used  in  Jamaica  as 
a sialagogue. 

Gul,  godl.  A Persian  word  signify- 
ing a “ rose.” 

Gul  Attar.  See  Attar  of  Roses. 

Gu'la.*  The  oesophagus,  or  gullet; 
popularly,  the  throat. 

Gum.  = Gum’ mi  % “ Gum.” 

Gum.  [Lat.  Gum  mi  ; Fr.  Gomme , 
gomm.]  The  mucilage  of  vegetables. 

Gum  Arabic.  See  Gummi  Acacia. 

Gum  Boil.  [Paru'lis.]  Inflam- 
mation, abscess,  or  boil  of  the  gums. 

Gum  E-las'tic.  A term  for  Caout- 
chouc. 

Gum  Ju'ni-per.  A concrete  resin 
which  exudes  in  white  tears  from  the 
Junip'erus  commu’nis.  It  has  been  called 
sandarach,  and,  hence,  confounded  with 
the  cavtiapaxn  of  Aristotle,  which  was  a 
sulphuret  of  arsenic.  Reduced  to  pow- 
der it  is  called  pounce , which  prevents 
ink  from  sinking  into  paper  from  which 
the  exterior  coating  of  size  has  been 
scraped  away. 

Gum  of  the  Teeth.  See  Gin- 
giva. 

Gum,  Bank  Red.  The  common 
name  for  the  Stroph'ulus  confer’ tus. 

Gum  Rash.  Red  gum.  A genus  of 
cutaneous  diseases.  See  Strophulus. 

Gum,  Red.  The  common  name  for 
Stroph'ulus  intertinc’tus. 

Gum  Res  in.  [Gum'mi-Rcsi'na.] 
The  concrete  juice  of  certain  plants,  con- 
sisting of  resin,  essential  oil,  gum,  and 
extractive  vegetable  matter;  as  aloes,  am- 
moniac, assafoetida,  euphorbium,  scam- 
mony,  &c. 

Gum,  WT!iite.  The  common  name  for 
Stroph'ulus  al'bidus.  See  Strophulus. 

Gum'ma.*  A soft  tumor,  so  named 

231 


GUM 


GYM 


from  the  resemblance  of  its  contents  to 
gum. 

Gum'mi Aca'cise*(a-ka'she-e)«  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  of  gum 
Arabic,  obtained  from  the  Acacia  vera , 
and  other  species  of  Acacia. 

Giinuni  Eubrum  Gambiense. 

See  Kino. 

Gum  ani  Scor-pa-o'nis,*  Gum'mi 
Sen'e-ga,*  Gum  mi  $eu-e-gal-eai  - 
se,*  Guin'mi  Tiie-ba'i-cum.*  Names 
for  gum  Arabic. 

Gun-Got'ton.  An  explosive  sub- 
stance, prepared  by  steeping  cotton  freed 
from  all  impurities  in  a mixture  of  sul- 
phuric and  nitric  acids,  and  then  washing 
it  carefully  and  drying  it.  It  is  princi- 
pally used  for  the  manufacture  of  Col- 
lodion, which  see. 

Guu'jali.  The  dried  plant  Cannabis 
Indica. 

Gun'pow-iler.  A mixture  of  five 
parts  of  nitre,  one  of  sulphur,  and  one 
of  charcoal,  finely  powdered  and  very 
accurately  blended.  The  grains  are 
smoothed  by  friction,  and  are  then  said 
to  be  glazed. 

G«s'ta4o-r.f,  Gus'ta-tive.  [Gus- 
tato'rius,  Gustati'vus;  from  gus'to, 
gasta'tum,  to  “ taste.”]  Belonging  to 
the  sense  of  taste. 

Gustatory  Nerve.  The  lingual 
branch  of  the  deep  portion  of  the  inferior 
maxillary,  or  third  branch  of  the  fifth 
pair  of  nerves. 

Gus'tus.*  [From  yevopiai , to  “ taste.”] 
The  sense  of  taste. 

Gutt.  = Gut'tse.%  “ Drops.” 

Gutt.  quibusd.  = Gnt’tis  quibus'- 
dam*  “ With  a few  drops.” 

Gut'ta.*  [Fr.  Goutte , goot,  a “drop.”] 
A minim,  or  the  sixtieth  part  of  a flui- 
drachm. 

Gut'ta  A-nod'y-na.*  (“Anodyne 
Drop.”)  A solution  of  acetate  of  mor- 
phia. 

Gutta  Nigra.  See  Black  Drop. 

Gut'ta  O-pa'ea.*  (“  Opake  Drop.”) 
The  diseise  called  cataract,  as  distin- 
guished from  Gutta  Serena,  which  see. 

Gut'ta  Per'clia.*  A name  applied 
to  the  concrete  juice  of  the  Isonandra 
gutta.  This  substance  has  been  placed 
on  the  primary  list  of  the  Materia 
Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1360. 

Gutta  Rosacea,  or  Gutta  Rosea. 

See  Acne  Rosacea. 

Gut'ta Se-re'na.*  (“  Drop  Serene.”) 
A name  for  amaurosis,  in  which  the  dis- 
ease being  in  the  retina,  and  not  in  tho 
232 


lens  or  humors  of  the  eye,  this  organ  ap- 
pears clear  and  natural. 

Guttat.  = Gutta' tim.*  “By  drops.” 

Gut-ta  tim.*  [Froin^'fa,  a“drop.”] 
In  prescriptions,  “ drop  by  drop.” 

Gut'ti-fer.*  Resin-producing.  See 
Guttife  ROllS. 

Gut-tif 1 'er-ae.*  [See  Guttiferous.] 
The  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  order 
of  plants.  See  Clusiaceje. 

Guttiferal.  See  next  article. 

Guttl-fer-a'les,*  or  Gut-tifer-als. 
Applied  by  Lindley  to  an  alliance  or 
division  of  plants  (or  trees)  comprising 
those  which  produce  resin.  (See  Gutti- 
ferous.) The  Guttiferal  alliance  com- 
prises, among  others,  the  important  natu- 
ral orders  Clusiacese  and  Dipteraccse . 

Gut-tif  er-ous.  [Gut'tifer,  or 
Guttif 'erus ; from  gut'ta,  a “drop,” 
and  fe'ro , to  “ bear.”]  Literally  “ drop- 
bearing,” that  is,  “resin-producing.” 
Applied  to  a natural  division  of  plants. 

Gut'tur,  ur is.*  The  throat;  also, 
the  larynx  or  trachea.  See  Gula. 

^ym-naii'thus.;i:  [From  yv/xrog, 

“naked,”  and  a;Qog,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing naked  flowers : gymnan'thous. 

Gymnasium,*  jim-na'zhe-um.  [Gr. 
yvfx^aatoj ; from  yvgvng,  “naked.”]  Tho 
place  where  the  ancient  Atiiletae  and 
others  exercised  themselves;  so  named 
because,  previously  to  the  exercises,  they 
stripped  themselves  naked. 

t^ym-uas'tic.  [Lat.Gymmas'tficus ; 
Gr.  yvfivaaTiicog ; see  preceding  article.] 
Belonging  to  gymnastics.  See  next 
article. 

if-yiiM-nas'ties.  [Gymnas'tica,  or 
Gymuas'tice.]  The  science  or  system 
by  which  the  health  is  promoted  and 
the  strength  of  the  body  developed  by  the 
regular  practice  of  active  exercises. 

<§Jy  m°  in  o-  b 1 as ' t us.  * [From  yvgv6$, 
“ naked,”  and  /ftaank,  a “ germ.”]  Hav- 
ing a naked  germ.  Applied  to  flowers. 

tyym-uo-car'pous.  [Gymnocar'- 
pus ; from  yvpv6g,  “ naked,”  and  tcapTrog, 
“ fruit,”  or  “ seed.”]  Having  naked 
seed. 

^»ym'iio-gens.  [Gymno&'cnje ; 

from  yvp;6g,  “naked,”  and  ye.>co,  to  “be 
born,”  to  “grow.”]  A division  or  class 
of  exogenous  plants,  which  havo  no 
ovary,  style,  or  stigma,  but  are  so  con- 
structed that  the  pollen  falls  immedi- 
ately upon  the  naked  ovules,  without  tho 
introduction  of  any  intermediate  appa- 
ratus. The  Coniferse  may  be  cited  as  an 
example  of  this  class  of  plants. 

Gyumospermes.  jim'no-sperms. 


GYM 


HAE 


[See  Gymnospermius.]  Applied  in  the 
same  manner  as  Gymnogens,  which  see. 

^ym-no-sper'mi-a.*  The  name  of 
a Linnaean  order.  See  Gymnospermius. 

^ym-no-sper'inl-iis.*  [From  yvp- 
vog,  “ naked/’  and  aneppa,  a “ seed.”] 
Gymnosper'mious,  or  gymnosper'mous. 
Having  naked  seeds.  Applied  to  a Lin- 
naean order  of  the  class  Didynamia. 

^ym-iios'tb-miis.*  [From  yvpvog, 
"naked,”  and  cropa,  a “ mouth.”]  Gym- 
nos'tomous.  Applied  in  the  plural  mas- 
culine (Gymnos'tomi)  to  a division  of 
Mosses,  in  which  the  orifice  of  the  urn  is 
naked. 

^ryn >an 'drl-a.-  The  name  of  a Lin- 
naean class.  See  Gynandrious. 

^yn-an'«lri*ous,  or^yn^'®  drons. 
[G-ynan '<lrius;  from  ywri,  a “woman,” 
or  “female,”  and  dvr\p,  a»6p6g,  a “man,” 
or  “male.”]  Having  the  ma^  and  fe- 
male portions  of  the  flower  united.  Ap- 
plied to  a Linnaean  class,  the  stamens  of 
which  grow  upon  the  pistil. 

4^yn'a-pBiore.  [Gynaph'ora;  from 
yvvrj,  a “woman,”  or  “female,”  and 
tyopzo),  to  “bear.”]  Literally,  “that 
which  bears  the  female”  portion  of  the 
plant ; a prolongation  of  the  receptacle, 
to  which  the  pistil  is  often  attached;  a 
thecaphore. 

^yn-a-tre'si-a.*  [From  yvvn,  a “ wo- 
man,” or  “female,”  a,  negative,  and 
Tirprifu , to  “perforate.’  ] A term  for  the 
obliteration  or  imperforation  of  the  va- 
gina. 

«pyn.e-c©-l©g,'i-c:al.  [Gymseco- 
log/icus.]  Belonging  to  gynecology. 


<^yn-e-col'o-gy.  [Gynaecolo'gia; 

from  yvvri,  ywainog,  a “woman,”  and  Aoyoj, 
a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  woman, 
and  the  peculiarities  of  her  constitution 
as  compared  with  man ; the  science 
which  treats  of  the  female  constitution. 

^r^-ni'a-cns**  [From  ywrj,  a“ woman.”] 
Pertaining  to  women.  Applied  in  the 
plural  ( Gyni'aci ) to  an  order  of  diseases. 

[From  ywfj,  a “ wo- 
man,” or  “female,”  and  ftdaig,  a “base.”] 
The  base  of  a style  or  pistil, 
^ryaiogihormii.  See  Gynaphore. 
gyp  sum.*  [Gr.  yvdog.]  The  sul- 
phate of  lime,  or  planter  of  Paris. 

^y'rans.*  [From  gy'ro,  gyra'tvm,  to 
“turn  about.”]  Turning  about;  rotat- 
ing itself:  gy'rant.  Applied  to  certain 
plants. 

<§»y'rate.  [Gyra'tsas;  from  gy'ro,  to 
“turn  about.”]  Literally,  “turned 
about.”  The  same  as  Circinate. 

<^y-ra/ta«m.  [Gyra'tio,  o'nis;  from 
gy'ro,  gyra'tum,  to  “turn  about.”]  The 
sensation  of  dizziness. 

^ryr-en-$epli'a-liis.*  [Frcm  yvpida>, 
to  “wind,”  and  iyK£(pa\ov , the  “brain.”] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  a sub-class  of  Mam- 
mals, having  the  brain  convoluted,  but 
in  less  degree  than  in  man  : gyrenceph'- 
alous. 

^ry'ri.*  [The  plural  of  gy'rus,  a “ cir- 
cuit.”] The  spiral  cavities  of  the  inter- 
nal ear.  Also,  the  convolutions  of  the 
brain. 

^y-rose',  or  ^Jy'rous.  [Gyro'siis; 

from  yrpog,  a “ circle.”]  Having  circles, 
or  full  of  circles. 


H. 


M.  = Ho’ra.%  “Hour.”  Hence  If. 
S.  = Ho'rd  som'ni,*  “ at  the  hour  of 
sleep,”  in  other  words,  “ at  bedtime.” 

Sfab'it.  [Ilab'i&us;  from  ha'beo, 
hab'itum,  to  “have,”  to  “have  oneself,” 
or  to  “be.”]  Temperament,  or  diath- 
esis. Also,  a power  of  doing  any  thing 
acquired  by  frequent  repetition  of  the 
same  action.  See  Diathesis,  and 
Hexis. 

Slab'I-tat.*  [From  hab'ito,  to  “in- 
habit.,” or  “dwell.”]  Literally,  “it 
dwells.”  Applied  to  a place  where  a 
plant  best  grows,  or  an  animal  is  gene- 
rally found. 

Ilato-ro-ma'ni-a.*  [From  a/3pog, 
“ light/'  or  “gay,”  and  pavla,  “mad- 
ness.”] Insanity  or  delirium  in  which 


the  patient  is  cheerful  or  merry.  Com- 
pare Amenomania. 

Hse'ma,*  gen.  Ifnem'a-tos.  [Gr. 
alpa.)  Another  term  for  “ blood.” 

M^m-a-^el-i-no'sis.*  [From  alpa, 
“ blood,”  Krihg,  a “ spot,”  and  toadg,  a 
“disease.”]  Blood-spot  disease,  the 
name  given  by  Royer  to  purpura. 

IIa?macyaiiiiia.  See  H.ematocya- 

NINA. 

Ma?m-a-dyii-a-mom'e-ter.  [Iffae- 
m adyn  amom ' etFii  m ; fr  o m alpa, 
“blood,”  dvsapig,  “power,”  and  perpov,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  force  of  the  circulation  of  the 
blood. 

Ilsem'a-g-ogue.  [H<emago'gus; 

from  alpa,  “blood,”  and  ayw,  to  “carry 

233 


HAE 


HAE 


away,”  to  “ expel.”]  Applied  to  medi- 
cines favoring  the  access  of  the  cata- 
menia, or  the  hemorrhoidal  discharge. 

Hie'mal,  orHe'mal,  [Ilsema'lis; 
from  alpa , “ blood.”]  Relating  to  blood, 
or  the  blood-vessels. 

Hae'mal  Arch.  A name  applied  to 
the  arch  formed  by  the  sternum  and  ribs 
with  the  vertebrae,  because  it  protects  or 
encloses  the  most  important  portion  of 
the  vascular  system. 

Haemal  Ax'is.  A name  applied  by 
Owen  to  the  central  organ  and  large 
trunks  of  the  vascular  system. 

Hae'mal  Spine.  Another  name  for 
the  sternum.  Used  by  Owen  for  the 
homologue  of  the  sternum  and  ensiform 
cartilage,  or  (in  the  abdomen)  for  the 
line  a alba . 

Hiem-a-leu-£i'iia.*  [From  alpa, 
“ blood,”  and  \ok6;,  “ white.”]  The 

huffy  coat,  or  fibrin,  of  the  blood  : hsem- 
aleu'cin. 

Haem-a-lo'pi-a.*  [From  al/xa, 

“ blood,”  and  wip,  diro the  “eye.”]  A 
disease  of  the  eye,  in  which  every  object 
appears  of  a blood  color:  hacm'alopy. 

Use-man 'thus.*  [From  al/xa, 

“blood,”  and  avOo;,  a “flower.”]  The 
Blood  Flower,  a plant  of  the  natural 
order  Amaryllidaceae.  The  Hottentots 
are  said  to  dip  their  arrow-heads  in  the 
juice  of  its  bulbs,  on  account  of  its  poi- 
sonous properties. 

Hre-maph'e-in,  or  hem-a-fe'in. 
[Hseinaphsei'na;  from  al/xa,  “blood,” 
and  (.paid;,  “ of  a fawn  color.”]  The  sub- 
stance which  gives  the  pale  amber  color 
to  urine. 

Haem-a-poph'y-sfs.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  and  apoph'ysis .]  Applied  by 
Owen,  in  Comparative  Anatomy,  to  the 
laminae  of  a vertebra,  which  form  an  ir- 
regular canal,  lodging  the  haemal  axis; 
also,  the  homologue  of  the  cartilage  of  a 
rib,  or  its  sternal  portion,  named  in  ref- 
erence to  the  haemal  arch . 

Hsc-mas-the-no'sis.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  and  aaQeseia,  “debility.”]  Po- 
verty, or  deterioration,  of  the  blood. 

Haem-a-tan-a-g’o'ge.*  [From  al/xa, 
“ blood,”  and  d^ayoxyr/,  a “raising”  or 
“bringing  up.”]  A raising,  or  vomiting, 
of  blo'»d.  See  H^ematemesis. 

Haem-a-tan-gi-on'o-sos,*  or  Iffrcm- 
a-tan-gi-on'o-sus.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  ayyeTor,  a “vessel?”  and  vdnog,  a 
“disease.”]  Disease  of  the  blood-vessels. 

Humi-a-tan-gl-o'sis.*  The  same 

as  JLEM  ATANGTONOSOS. 

Haeni’a-ta-po'ri-jju*  [From  al/xa, 
234 


“blood,”  and  anopla , “defect.”]  The  same 
as  Anaemia. 

Hsem-a-ta-por'I-cus.*  Belonging 

to  haemataporia : haematapor'ic. 

Haem-a-tap-or-rlio'sis.*  [From 

al/xa,  “blood,”  and,  “from,”  and  oppog, 
“serum.”]  The  separation  of  serum 
from  the  blood,  as  in  the  profuse  dis- 
charges of  Cholera . 

Haema-ta-pos'ta-sis.*  [From  al/xa , 
“blood,”  and  dirouTaotg,  a “departure.”] 
Metastasis,  or  transposition  of  the  blood 
to  another  part. 

Ham  a- ta-pos- tat ' 1-cus.*  B el  on  g- 

ing  to  haematapo8ta8i8 : hsematapostat'ic. 

Maema-te-lae'um.*  [From  al/xa , 
“ blood,”  and  tXaiov,  “ oil.”]  A concrete 
oil  existing  in  the  blood. 

Hsem-a-tem 'e-sis.*  [From  al/xa , 
“blood,”  and  epeio,  to  “vomit.”]  Vomit- 
ing of  blood.  See  H^ematanagoge. 

Haem-a-te-met'i-cus.*  Belonging 
to  haematemesis : haematemet'ic. 

Haem-a-tep-a-g,o'g,e.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  and  i-rraymyri,  an  “attack,”  or 
“invasion.”]  Congestion  of  blood  in  a 
part. 

Hsem-a-ttier'mus.*  [From  al/xa , 
“blood,”  and  Oeppr/,  “heat.”]  Having 
warm  blood : haemather'mous. 

Haemat-lii-dro'sis.*  [From  alpa, 
“ blood,”  and  'idpwaig,  a “ sweating.”]  An 
oozing  of  blood-colored  perspiration. 

Haeinathorax.  See  ILematotho- 
RAX. 

Haem-a-ti'a-sis.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood.”]  The  same  as  Hjsmatonosus. 

Havmat'i-ca.*  [From  hacmat’  icu8, 
“relating  to  the  blood,  or  system  of 
blood-vessels.”]  A name  applied  by  Dr. 
Good  to  a class  of  his  Nosology,  com- 
prising diseases  of  the  sanguineous  func- 
tion. Haematica  is  also  used  to  denote 
medicines  which  are  supposed  to  modify 
in  some  way  the  condition  of  the  blood. 
See  H^ematinica. 

Hae-mat'I-cus.*  [From  alpa, “blood.”] 
Haemat'ic.  Relating  to  the  blood. 

Haem'a-tin,  or  Hsem'a-tlne. 
[Haemati'na;  from  alpa,  “ blood.”] 
The  coloring  matter  of  the  blood;  some- 
times, though  improperly,  termed  ylobu- 
lin.  Also  applied  to  the  coloring  matter 
of  logwood,  from  its  resemblance  to 
blood. 

1 1 aem-a-tin  'l-ca.*  [The  plural  neu- 
ter of  haematin'  icu8,  “belonging  to  hmm- 
atine.”]  A class  of  the  Haematica  which 
augment  the  amount  of  haematin  in  the 
blood.  They  consist  chiefly,  if  not  ex- 
clusively, of  iron  and  its  compounds. 


IIAE 


HAE 


Hajm-a-tis'che-sis.-  [From  alpa, 
“ blood,”  and  another  form  of  exa), 
to  “hold,”  to  “ restrain.”]  Stoppage  of 
discharges  of  blood. 

Ifseiii-a-tflstli'iniis.*  [From  alpa, 
"blood,”  and  iaQpdg,  the  “ fauces.”]  Haem- 
orrhage from  the  fauces. 

Mrem'a-tite,  or  Hem'a-tite. 
[Msemati'tes;  from  alpa,  “blood.”] 
The  blood-stone;  a species  of  iron 
ore. 

Hsem-a-ti'tis,  fdis.*  [From  alpa, 
“ blood.”]  Inflammation  of  the  blood. 

IIoDm'a-to-car'pus.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  Kapnog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
fruit  spotted  with  red:  haematocar'pous. 

Maem'a-to-^elle.*  [From  cilpa, 
“blood,”  and  *17X77,  a “tumor.”]  En- 
largement of  the  scrotum,  from  blood 
being  within  one  or  other  of  its  tunics. 

lIa?Bii'a-to-^epti'a-lMS. [From 
alixa,  “blood,”  and  wpaXii,  the  “head.”] 
A monster-foetus,  in  which  effusion  of 
blood  into  the  cerebral  hemispheres  has 
produced  a marked  deformity. 

Mrema-to-clie'zi-a.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  to  “evacuate  the 

bowels.”]  A bloody  stool. 

Ma'isi'a-to-^reli-a.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  KoiXta,  the  “belly.”]  Effu- 
sion or  escape  of  blood  into  the  perito- 
naea! cavity. 

EIsem'a-to-col'pMS.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  KdXnog,  a “sinus,”  some- 
times the  “vagina.”]  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  vagina.  Also,  a collection  of 
blood,  or  of  menstrual  secretion,  there. 

M^m'a-to-Crys'tal-line.  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  and  KpvaraXXou,  “crystal.”] 
A crystalline  body  found  in  the  remains 
of  extravasations  of  blood.  In  man  the 
crystals  are  very  small  and  rectangular. 
They  are  remarkable  from  their  becoming 
larger  and  smaller  under  the  influence  of 
external  agencies,  without  change  of 
form.  They  become  bright  red  under 
the  influence  of  oxygen,  dark  red  under 
that  of  carbonic  acid. 

Ma?m'a-t©-<£y'a-Mi'iBa.*  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  and  Kvavog,  “blue.”]  The 
blue  coloring  matter  of  the  blood: 
hsematocy'anin. 

IFIaim'a-t©-$ys'tis.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  Kvcng,  a “bladder.”]  A 
cyst  containing  blood.  Also,  effusion 
of  blood  into  the  urinary  bladder.  Also, 
encysted  hsemafoma  : a haem'atocyst. 

Ela&m-a-to'des.*  [From  alpa,  “blood.”] 
Full  of  blood:  hsem'atose. 

Hsematodynamometer.  See  ILem- 

ADYNAMOMETER. 


Iffa'in-a-to-glob-u-li'na.-  The 

same  as  Globulin. 

1 1 a na-a-tog ' ra-pli y . [Hzemato- 

gra'phia;  from  alpa,  “blood,”  and 
ypdfro,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
blood,  its  nature  and  quality. 

Ifreon'a-toid.  [ISiematoi'dcs; 

from  alpa,  “blood,”  and  cidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  blood. 

H rcm-a-toi'diii.  [If a>ifiatoidi'na ; 

from  heemati'na,  “ hsematin.”]  A crystal- 
line body  produced  spontaneously  from 
hacmatin  during  the  drying  of  blood. 

Ilsrna-a-toro-gy-  [ IBanialolo- 
gfia;  from  alpa,  “blood,”  and  Aoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  history  of  the  na- 
ture and  constitution  of  the  blood;  the 
science  of  the  blood. 

Hsema-to-ly t'i-ca.^  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  X-vw.  to  “dissolve,”  to 
“weaken.”]  A term  applied  by  some 
writers  to  a class  of  remedies  which  im- 
poverish the  blood.  See  Span^emia,  and 
Span^emica. 

Ha  m-a-to'ma,  a ft#.*  [From  atparew, 
to  “turn  into  blood.”]  A bloody  tumor: 
a haem'atome. 

Ila^m-a-to-ma-to'sus.*  Having 

hsemafoma : haE>matom'atous. 

Ilaem'a-to-met-acli'y-sis.*  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  perd,  “beyond,”  and.  xvaig, 
an  “effusion.”]  Transfusion  of  blood. 

Ham-a-toin'c-ter.  [Ha  inatom'e- 
trnm ; from  alpa , “blood,”  and  pbf.ov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  force  of  blood. 

Ha>uin'a-to-me'tra.*  [From  alpa, 
“ blood,”  and  pr/rpa,  the  “womb.”]  A 
filling  of  the  womb  with  blood. 

Ila'ma-to-ine'tri-a.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  perplw,  to  “measure.”]  The 
measuring  of  the  force  of  the  blood  in 
its  course:  haematom'etry. 

Moem-a-tom'plia-Io-^ele.'-  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  opfpaXog,  the  “navel,”  and 
KnXr],  a “tumor.”]  Tumor  at  the  navel, 
turgid  with  blood. 

Hopm-a-tom'y-^es,  e'tis*  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  and  pvxrig,  a “fungus.”] 
Fungus  lisematodes,  or  bloody  fungus. 
See  Fungus  ILematodes. 

Ha*m-a-ton'«-sos,;i:  or  Hsrm-a- 
ton'o-sus.*  [From  alpa,  “blood,”  and 
voaog,  “disease.”]  Disease  of  the  blood. 

Ila^ma-to-per  i-car'di-iim.*  [From 
alpa,  “blood,”  and  pericar’ dhim.~\  Effu- 
sion of  blood  into  the  pericardium. 

Ma^m'a-tfo-pliyTliis.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  (pvXXov,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
leaves  tinged  with  a blood  color:  hsema- 
* tophyl'lous. 


235 


HAE 


HAE 


Haem'a-to-plas'ma,  a tis*  [From 
aipa,  “ blood/’  and  irhiapa,  a a forma- 
tion.,5]  The  plastic  principle  of  the 
blood. 

H:»m'a-t©-p©i-e'sis.:i?  [From  alpa, 
“ blood, ” and  notrjais,  a “ making.”] 
Assimilation  of  the  chyle  to  blood.  The 
sain3  as  IIematosis. 

Hf»m'a-t»-poi-et'i-cus.*  Belong- 
ing to  hseniatopoiesis  : haematopoietic. 

Iliem-a-top-ty'sl-a.,*  Haem-a- 
top'ty-sis.*  The  same  as  Haemoptysis. 

Ilieiii.a-tor'rha-ehis.  * [From  aipa, 
“blood,”  and  pa\is,  the  “spine.”]  Effu- 
sion of  blood  into  the  spine,  or  into  the 
theci  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Hjein'?-tor-rhffi'a.{if  [From  cil/xa, 
“blood,”  and  pza),  to  “flow.”]  A passive 
flowing  of  blood ; haemorrhage. 

Iliematosme.  See  Hematin. 

Hnem-a-to'sss.*  [From  al/xaroco,  to 
“make  bloody.”]  A flow,  or  flux,  of 
blood;  a haemorrhage. 

Ilnema-to-spil/i-a.*  [From  ai/xa, 
“blood,”  and  aniXo;,  a “spot.”]  A name 
for  Purpura  haemorrhagica. 

IInem'a-to-spoai-g,o'sis.*  The  for- 
mation or  growth  of  hxmatospongus. 

Ilsem'a-to-spon'gus.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  and  ovroyyoj,  a “sponge.”]  Fun- 
gus hsematodesy  or  bloody  fungus.  See 
Fungus  Hematodes. 

Haem'a-to-sym  pho-re'sis,*  or 
IInem'a-t»-syn'.a-g,o'g,e.':i:*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  (ryxpopricris,  or  covayioyrj , an 
“assembling  together,”  a “collection.”] 
Congestion  of  blood.  See  Hematepa- 
goge.  • 

Maematothorax.  See  Hemotho- 
rax. 

IIsem-a-to-t»x'ic,  Hiem-a-tox'ic. 
[Ilaematotox'icus,  Haematox'icus ; 

from  aljxoLf  “blood,”  and  toZikos,  “poison.”] 
Belonging  to  a vitiated  state  of  the 
blood. 

Ilaem-a-tox-i'na,*  or  Ilaem-a-tox- 
y-li'iia.*  The  coloring  matter  of  log- 
wood. 

II?cm-a-tox'y-lon.s'  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  %vXo'j,  “ wood.”]  Logwood. 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Dccandria, 
natural  order  Leguminosae.  Also, the  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  (Ed.  and  U.S.  Ph.)  of 
the  wood  of  Haematoxylon  Campechianum , 
otherwise  called  the  Haematnxyli  liqnnm 
(“Wood  of  Haematoxylon”).  See  IIem- 

ATOXYLUM. 

Iliematox'ylon  Cann-pe-chi-a'- 
mim.*  The  logwood-tree. 

Blami-a-tox'y-luam.*  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (Lend.  Ph.)  of  logwood. 

236 


ILT3ii-a-to-zo'on.::  [From  alpa, 

“blood,”  and  £woj/,  an  “animal.”]  An 
animalcule  discovered  in  the  blood. 

Msem-a-tu-re'sis,*  or  Hsem-a-tu'- 
ri-a.*  [From  alpa,  “blood,”  and  ovpov , 
the  “ urine.”]  A disease  in  which  blood 
is  discharged  with  urine. 

Haem-a-tii'ri-ciis.**  Belonging  to 
hsematuria : haematu'ric. 

Ilsemidrosis.  See  Hemathidrosis. 

Hieniiii,  or  I la*' Bill  no.  [Hicmfna; 
from  alpa,  “blood.”]  A crystalline  sub- 
stance obtained  from  dried  blood  by  the 
action  of  dry  salt  and  glacial  acetic  acid 
at  a boiling  temperature.  It  occurs  in  flat 
rhombic  plates,  which  are  remarkable  for 
their  insensibility  to  reagents,  not  being 
affected  by  strong  mineral  acids. 

Hsemodoraceay*  hem-o-do-ra'she-e. 
[From  Heemodo'  rum,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  herba- 
ceous plants,  found  in  New  Holland,  and 
some  other  parts  of  the  world. 

Hsemometer.  See  Hematometer. 

Hsemopathia.  See  Hematonosus. 

Hsem-oph  - that ' m us.?  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  obOaXpos,  the  “eye.”]  Effu- 
sion of  blood  into  the  chambers  of  the 
eye. 

1 1 a*m-«-pro(* ' tos,*  or  Hsem-o- 

proc'tus.*  [From  alpa,  “blood,”  and 
■npoiKTOs,  the  “anus.”]  Discharge  of  blood 
from  the  bowels. 

Ilsem-op ' ti-cus.*  Belonging  to 
hacmoptoe  or  haemoptysis : haemop'tic. 

Ilacmoptoictts.  See  Hemopticus. 
Hae-m©p'ty-sis,*  or  Hue-mop'- 
to-e.*  [From  alpa,  “blood,”  and  utvco,  to 
“spit.”]  (Fr.  Henioptysie,  Amop't^'z^'.) 
A spitting  of  blood;  haemorrhage  from 
the  lungs.  A genus  of  the  order  Heemor- 
rhagiae , class  Pyrexiae,  of  Cullen's  Nosol- 
ogy. 

Haemorrhage.  See  Hem-orrhagia. 

Msem-or-rha'&i-a.*  [From  al/xa, 
“blood,”  and  pnyvopi,  to  “burst.”]  (Fr. 
Hemorrhagie,  Amoi&'zh&'.)  Haem'or- 
rhage,  or  haem'orrhagy.  A bursting 
forth  of  blood,  from  whatever  cause.  In 
the  plural,  an  order  of  the  class  Pyrexiae 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Haem-or-rhag'I-cus.’*  Belonging 
to  haemorrhage:  haemorrhagic. 

Iffsem-or-rliin'i-a.*  [From  alpa, 
“blood,”  and  plv,  the  “nose.”]  The  same 
as  Epistaxis. 

Hsem-or-rhce'fju*  The  same  as  Hem- 
atorrho?  a,  which  see. 

Blamiorrhue'a  Pe-te-ehl-a'lls.* 
(See  Peteciiie.)  A term  which  has 
been  applied  to  a chronic  form  of  purjjura. 


HAE 


IIAL 


Hsem-or-rh o ’ I-c  us.*  Belonging  to 

heemorrhoea : haemorrho'ic. 

Hsein'or-rScoid.  [Haemor'rliois, 

ides;  from  aiga,  “ blood/’  and  pea),  to 
“flow.”]  Literally,  a “ haemorrhage,” 
and  originally  used  in  this  sense  in 
general,  but  now  restricted  to  the  piles. 
These  are  termed  open,  when  they  dis- 
charge blood;  and  blind,  when  there  is 
no  discharge.  A genus  of  the  order 
Hsemorrh ay ise,  class  Pyrexise , of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Heem-or>rhoi/(lal.  [Hsemorrhoi- 
dalis;  from  hsemorrhbi'des,  “piles.”] 
Belonging  to  ha3morrhoides,  or  piles. 

flaem-or-rlio-i'cle-us.*  The  same 
as  Hemorrhoidal. 

Hsem-o-spa'si-a.**  [From  alpa,- 
“ blood,”  and  onau),  to  “draw  to.”]  The 
forming  of  a vacuum  over  a consider- 
able surface  of  the  body,  being  an  ex- 
tension of  the  principle  of  dry  cup- 
ping. See  Hemospastic  System. 

Hsem-o-spas'tic.  [From  the  same.] 
Drawing  or  attracting  the  blood. 

Ilremospas'tic  Sys'tom.  A new 
system  of  medicine,  introduced  by  Dr. 
Junod,  of  Paris.  He  employs  a pneu- 
matic apparatus  of  peculiar  construction, 
in  which  the  arm  or  leg  is  so  placed  as  to 
attract  the  blood  to  the  extremities,  with- 
out diminishing  the  mass  of  this  liquid. 

Hsem-os-ta'sl-a,;:H8e-mos'ta-sis.$ 
[From  alpa,  “ blood,”  and  araaig,  a “ stand- 
ing.”] A stoppage,  or  stagnation,  of  the 
blood;  also  applied  to  any  operation  for 
stopping  blood. 

Hsem-os-tat/ic.  [Harmostat'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  hsemo stasia,  or  hsem- 
ostasis.  Also  applied  to  means  employed 
for  staunching  or  arresting  haemorrhage; 
styptic. 

Ha'iu-os-tat'i-ca.*  [From  alpa , 
“ blood,”  and  oramcrl , the  “science  of 
weights.”]  The  powers  or  motions  of 
the  blood,  and  the  laws  by  which  these 
are  regulated  in  the  vessels  of  the  body  : 
haemostatics. 

I3jeni-o-tex  'I-a,*  Hsem-o-tex'is.* 

[From  alpa,  “blood,”  and  a “lique- 
faction.”] Dissolution  or  liquefaction 
of  the  blood. 

Hsem-o-tlio'rax,  a 'cis*  or  Msem'a- 

to-tlio'rax.*  [From  alpa,  “blood,”  and 
6 opal,  the  “ chest.”]  The  escape  of  blood 
into  the  thorax,  through  a wound  or 
otherwise. 

Massiotoxicns.  See  Hematotoxi- 

CUS. 

Maem-ot'ro-pBiy.  [From  alpa , 

“blood,”  and  rpocpfi , “nourishment.”] 

23 


An  excess  of  sanguineous  nutriment,  as 
distinguished  from  hypertrophy  and 
hypereemia. 

If  air.  [Lat.  Capil'lus,  and  IM'liis; 

Gr.  dp’-l;  Fr.  Foil,  pw&L]  A substance 
like  horn,  growing  from  the  skin  of  ani- 
mals, in  nearly  cylindrical  filaments. 

Hair-Dyes.  [Tinctu'rae  Capil- 
lo'ruin.]  The  basis  of  most  of  the 
powders,  pastes,  and  liquids  sold  under 
this  name,  is  either  lead  or  silver.  To 
these  are  sometimes  added  litharge, 
slaked  lime,  and  starch. 

Hair,  Morbid.  See  Trichosis. 

Hairy.  See  Hirsute. 

Hai  ry  Scalp.  That  part  of  the 
integument  of  the  head  which  is  covered 
with  hairs. 

Halberd-Slrapcd.  See  Hastate. 

Halcinc.  See  Halitus. 

Haligrapliia.  See  Halographia. 

ESafl'I-tio©'.  [A  corruption  of  Poly 
hood.']  A Scotch  term  for  the  caul,  which 
was  formerly  carefully  preserved  by  the 
superstitions,  on  account  of  the  many 
virtues  attributed  to  it. 

Hal'i-tus.*  [From  lia'lo,  hala'tvm , 
to  “breathe,”  or  “breathe  out,”  to  “ex- 
hale.”] (Fr.  Hcileine,  &'len'  or  &']&n'.) 
Vapor,  or  breath. 

Hal'itus  ol'  the  Blood.  The  vapor 
which  arises  from  the  blood  when  newly 
drawn  from  the  body. 

Hal-lu-ci-na  lion.  [ITallucina'- 
tio,  o 'nis ; from  halin' cinor,  hallnciva'- 
tus,  to  “ mistake.”]  Mental  error,  or 
foolish  imagination. 

Hallos,*  Hal  lux,-  and  Hal'Icx.* 
Names  for  the  great  toe. 

Halo,  o' vis*  [From  u'Xwg,  a “cir- 
cle.”] The  circle  which  surrounds  the 
sun,  moon,  or  stars,  when  their  rays  are 
refracted  in  their  passage  through  a 
mist.  The  areola,  or  brownish  circle, 
around  the  female  nipple.  Also,  the  red 
margin,  or  areola , around  pustules. 

Hal  o*gen,  or  Ilal  o-gene.  [From 
a\g,  “salt,”  and  yewaa),  to  “produce.”] 
A term  employed  by  Berzelius  to  denote 
bodies  which  form  salts  with  metals,  as 
chlorine,  bromine,  iodine,  fluorine,  and 
cyanogen. 

Ha-log^ra-ptny.  [IFalogra'pbia ; 

from  liXg,  “salt.”  and  ypaijfa),  to  “write.”] 
A description  of  salts. 

Haloid.  [Maloi'des;  from  «X?, 
“salt,”  and  elSog,  a “form.”]  Applied  to 
salts  compounded  of  the  metals  with 
chlorine,  iodine,  bromine,  because  similar 
in  nature  or  composition  to  common  salt. 

Ma-lol'o-g'y-  [Malolo'g’ia ; from 
‘237 


HAL 


HAS 


a\g,  “salt,”  and  Aoyo;,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  the  salts. 

Ha-lom'e-ter.  [Halom'etrnm ; 
from  uA;,  “ salt,”  and  pirpov,  a “ mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  form,  angles,  etc.,  of  salts. 

Ha-lopli'I-loiis.  [Haloph'ilns ; 
from  uA s,  “salt,”  and  (piXeoj,  to  “love.”] 
Delighting  in  a soil  impregnated  with 
salt.  Applied  to  plants. 

Ilal'o-phytes.  [Haloph'yta,  plural 
of  kaloph'yton  ; from  "nXg,  “ salt,”  and  (pvroi/, 
a “plant.”]  A class  of  plants  which 
inhabit  salt  m irshes,  and  by  combustion 
yield  barilla,  as  Salsola , Salicornia,  and 
Chenopodi  um. 

llalophyton,  or  Halophytnm. 

See  Halophyte. 

Haiorag'aceae,*  ha-lor-a-ga'she-e. 
[From  Halor’aqis , one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  damp  places,  ditches,  etc. 

Harter,*  gen.  Hal-fe'ris.  [From 
aXr'ip,  an  instrument  anciently  used  in 
gymnastic  exercise.]  Applied  in  the 
nominative  plural  ( Halte'res ) to  two 
small  movable  bodies  which  are  situated 
or  hang  above  the  wings  in  the  Diptera. 

Ildl'ur-gy.  [Malur'g-ia ; from  uAj, 
“salt,”  and  ipyov,  a “work.”]  The  pro- 
cess of  forming,  extracting,  or  producing 
salts. 

Hamameliclacese,*  ham-a-mel-e- 
da'she-e.  [From  Hamame’lis,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  Asia,  North 
America,  and  Africa.  It  includes  the 
Witch-Hazel. 

Ha  mate.  [Hama  tas;  from  haf- 
mus,  a “ hook.”]  A botanical  term  sig- 
nifying having  a hook,  or  hooked. 

Haml-form.  [Hamiior'inis ; 

from  ha'mu8 , a “hook.”]  Resembling  a 
hook. 

Ila'mose.  [Hamo'sus;  from  ha' - 
mus,  a “ hook.”]  Having  a hooked  ap- 
pearance. 

Ilam'string',  Out'er.  The  Biceps 
flexor  cruris  muscle. 

Ham'u-lose,  or  Ham'u-lows. 
[Ilamulosus;  from  ham' ulus,  a “lit- 
tle hook.”]  Having  little  hooks. 

Ham’u-liis.*  [Diminutive  of  ha'- 
mus,  a “ hook.”]  A little  hook.  Applied 
to  the  hook-like  portion  of  the  pterygoid 
process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  or  any 
similar  object. 

Handle,  hoNsh.  The  French  term 
for  “hip.”  See  Coxa. 

Hand.  [Lat.  lla’niis;  Fr.  Main , 
maN«.]  The  organ  of  prehension  in 
238 


man,  extending  from  the  wrist  to  the 
extremities  of  the  fingers.  It  consists 
of  three  parts,  the  Wrist  (or  Carpus)  ^ 
the  Metacarpus,  and  the  Fingers, 
which  will  be  noticed  under  their  re- 
spective heads.  In  Ornithology,  it 
denotes  the  third  portion  of  the  anterior 
extremity  which  supports  the  wing, 
having  one  finger,  and  vestiges  of  two 
others. 

Handful.  SeeMANiPULUs,  Pugillus. 

Hanging.  [Snspen'sio,  o'w/s.] 
Suspension  by  the  neck,  causing  As- 
phyxia suffocationis. 

Hap-lo-car'dI-ac.  [From  anX  oog, 
“without  fold,”  “simple,”  or  “single,” 
and  Kapdia,  a “heart.”]  Having  a single 
heart.  Applied  to  fishes,  etc.,  as  distin- 
guished from  Mammals,  which  have  a 
double  heart,  and  are  hence  termed  diplo- 
cardiac. 

Hap-tot'I-ca.*  [From  airropai,  to 
“touch.”]  The  doctrine  (or  science)  of 
the  phenomena  of  touch,  or  sensation. 

Har'der-i  CHan'du-la.*  (“  Gland 
of  Harder.”)  A gland  in  ruminant  and 
pachydermatous  quadrupeds,  and  in 
birds,  near  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

Hare'-Lip.  [Lat.  La  bium  ILepo- 
ri'num ; Fr.  Bee  de  Lieore,  bek  d§h 
le-evu'.]  A congenital  cleft,  or  division, 
of  one  or  both  lips,  most  frequently  the 
upper.  It  is  sometimes  double. 

Margate,  haRn.  A French  term  for 
Hernia,  which  see. 

Ilar'ina-Iane.  A beautiful  coloring 
substance  obtained  from  the  seed  of  the 
hermal-plant  ( Pecjanwn  harmala),  which 
grows  wild  in  the  salt  steppes  of  the 
Crimea. 

llar'mo-ny.  [Harmo'nia ; from 

apfx6,(o,  to  “adapt.”]  A variety  of  Syn- 
arthrosis, denoting  a simple  joining  to- 
gether, as  the  nasal  and  'other  bones  of 
the  face. 

Har.  pil.  sum.  iij.  = Ha'rum  pilu- 
la'rum  suman'tur  tres .*  “Let  three  of 
these  pills  be  taken.” 

Hartshorn.  The  horn  of  certain 
kinds  of  the  hart,  or  stag.  The  sub- 
stance Cornu  Cervi.  The  popular  name 
for  Liquor  Ammonise,  or  Am  monies  Aqua. 

Ilar'vest  £$ug‘.  The  Ac'arus  Au- 
tumna'lis.  A variety  of  the  tick  insect 
which  infests  the  skin  in  tho  autumn, 
producing  intolerable  itching,  succeeded 
by  glossy  wheals.  It  is  also  called  the 
wheal-worm. 

BlasliiKli,  or  Has^hiiscli,  ha  sheesh'. 
A preparation  of  Cannabis  Indira , or 
hemp,  used  as  an  intoxicating  drug  by  the 


HAS 


H KB 


Arabs,  and  generally  throughout  Syria. 
It  is  made  by  boiling  the  leaves  and 
flowers  of  the  plant  with  water  and  fresh 
butter.  See  Bhang. 

Has'tate.  [Masta'tus;  from  has'ta , 
a “spear.”J  Like  a spear,  or  halberd. 

ilas-tl-loli-ous.  [Hastifblius ; 
from  has'ta,  a “ spear/’  and  /o' Hum,  a 
“ leaf.”]  Having  hastate  leaves. 

Has-ti-ibr'mis.*  [From  has'ta,  a 
“ spear.”]  Resembling  a spear  : hastate. 

Mauneh.  [Lat.Clu'nis;  Fr.  Hanche, 
hoNsh.]  The  region  formed  by  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  pelvis  and  the  lup  joint; 
the  hip. 

Maust.  = Haus'tus*  “A  draught.” 

Haus  tus.i:  [From  hau'rio,  haus'- 
tum,  to  “ drink  greedily.”]  A liquid 
preparation  forming  one  dose,  generally 
about  two  ounces  in  quantity  ; a draught. 

Ilaut  Mai,  ho  m&L  A French  term 
for  epilepsy  in  its  full  development,  that 
is,  accompanied  with  convulsions.  See 
Epilepsy. 

Ha-ve'ri  Glan'du-lae.*  (“  Glands 
of  Haver.”)  See  next  article. 

Haversian  (ha-ver'she-an)  Glands. 
TJie  name  of  the  fatty  bodies  which  are 
found  in  connection  with  most  of  the 
joints,  and  in  general  lying  behind  the 
synovial  fringes.  Havers  supposed  them 
to  be  the  agents  of  the  synovial  secretion, 
and  called  them  glandules  mucilaginosse. 
"W  eitbrecht  called  them  adipo-glandulosse. 

Haver si  a si  Tubes,  or  Calais'.  A 
term  given,  from  the  name  of  their  dis- 
coverer, to  a very  complicated  apparatus 
of  minute  canals,  found  in  the  substance 
of  bone,  and  containing  medullary  mat- 
ter. The  central  canal,  as  well  as  the 
separate  cells,  may  be  regarded  as  en- 
largements of  them. 

Hb.  = Her’ba .*  “The  plant.” 

H.  d.  or  «lecmb.  = Ho'rd  decu'bitus .* 
“At  going  to  bed.” 

Mead.  [Lat.  Ca'puf;  Gr.  KE(ba\fi; 
Fr.  Tete , tet  or  tat.]  In  higher  animals, 
that  portion  which  contains  the  brain, 
with  the  chief  organs  of  sense,  as  sight, 
hearing,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  mouth  and 
organs  of  mastication.  In  lower  animals, 
it  contains  the  mouth,  or  opening  to  the 
stomach,  and  the  principal  organs  of 
sense  when  these  exist.  The  human 
head  is  distinguished  into  cranium  and 
face.  The  term  “ head”  is  often  applied  to 
the  upper  end  of  a long  bone,  the  origin 
of  a muscle,  the  beginning  of  a part,  or 
to  any  round  protuberance  which  can 
be  supposed  to  resemble  a head. 

Head'ache.  [Ceplialal'gia.]  Pain 


in  the  head,  differently  denominated 
according  to  the  part  affected,  or  its 
cause.  See  Bhang 

Mead  ing.  A preparation  of  equal 
parts  of  alum  and  green  vitriol,  used  in 
brewing. 

Health.  [San  it  as.]  The  proper 
disposition  and  condition  of  the  several 
parts  of  the  body  for  performing  their 
functions  without  impediment  or  sensa- 
tion of  weariness. 

Heartily  Pus.  That  discharged 
from  abscesses,  the  result  of  phlegmo- 
nous inflammation;  or  from  wounds  and 
ulcers  in  the  healing  state ; laudable  pus. 

Hear'ing.  [A  ml  it  us.]  That  sense 
by  which  sounds  are  distinguished,  the 
organ  of  which  is  the  ear. 

Hearing,  Morbid.  See  Paracusis. 

Heart.  [Lat.  Cor,  Cor'dis;  Gr. 
sapdia;  Fr.  Coevr,  kuu.]  A hollow  mus- 
cular viscus  situated  between  the  lungs, 
but  more  under  the  left  one,  and  en- 
closed in  the  pericardium ; from  w hich 
proceeds  the  circulation  of  the  blood.  In 
man  and  in  other  Mammals,  it  is  double, 
that  is,  it  consists  of  two  parts,  the  right 
ventricle  and  auricle  for  the  pulmonic 
circulation,  and  the  left  ventricle  and 
auricle  for  the  general  or  systemic  cir- 
culation. 

Meart'-Rnrn.  The  popular  name  for 

Cardialgia. 

Heart1 '-Shaped.  The  same  as  Cor- 
date. 

Meat.  In  a general  sense,  the  same 
as  Caloric.  Heat  in  a mild  form  is  ne- 
cessary to  the  life  of  plants  and  animals. 
In  the  latter,  the  needful  temperature  is 
in  part  furnished  by  the  respiratory 
apparatus.  Heat  is  also  one  of  the  most 
important  agents  the  chemist  or  phar- 
macist can  command,  for  effecting  both 
chemical  union  and  decomposition,  ac- 
cording to  the  manner  in  which  it  is 
applied,  or  the  character  of  the  substance 
submitted  to  its  action. 

Meat,  Ab'so-lnte.  The  whole  quan- 
tity of  caloric  existing  in  a body ; abso- 
lute caloric. 

Heat,  Animal.  See  Calor  Anima- 

LIS. 

Meat,  latent.  See  Caloric,  Latent. 

Meat,  Pricfc'ly.  Common  term  for 
the  Lichen  tropicus . 

Heat,  Sensible.  See  Caloric,  Free, 

Meat-Spots.  See  JE states. 

Heavy  Spar.  See  Baryta. 

Mebd.  — Ilebdom' ada.*  “ A week.” 

Me 'be.*  [Gr.  “down,”  or  “inci- 
pient beard;”  hence,  “youth.”]  Youth; 

239 


IIEB 


HEL 


or  the  goddess  of  Youth,  fabled  by  the 
ancients  to  have  been  cup-bearer  to 
Jupiter. 

He-be-an ' thus.*  [From  h6n,“  youth,” 
“down,”  and  avdog,  a “flower.”]  Having 
tomentose  corols : hebean'thous. 

Heb-e-carpus.*  [From  riSn,  “youth,” 
“down,”  and  xapndg,  “fruit.”]  Having 
pubescent  fruits : hebecar'pous. 

He-bec'la-dus.*  [From/ £>7,  “youth,” 
“down,”  and  xXddog,  a “branch.”]  Hav- 
ing pubescent  branches : hebec'ladous. 

He-beg“'y«itus.*  [From  >,Sr],  “youth,” 
“down,”  and  ywri,  a “woman,”  or  “fe- 
male.”] Having  pubescent  ovaries  : he- 
beg'ynous. 

Heb-e-pet'a-lns.*  [From  rjSrj, 
“ youth,”  “ down,”  and  ukraXov,  a “ petal.”] 
Having  pubescent  petals  : hebepet'alous. 

He-bet'i-cus.*  [From  iPn,  “youth.” 
or  “ puberty.”]  Belonging  to  puberty ; 
youthful : hebet'ic. 

Heb'e-tude.  [Hebetu'do,  dims.] 
Dulness,  or  insensibility. 

Heb-ra-den'droai  Fam-bo-gl-o-i'« 
dcs.*  A guttiferous  plant,  whichyields 
a kind  of  gamboge  not  distinguishable 
from  that  of  Siam.  See  Gamboge. 

Ilec-a-to-phyl'lus.*  [From  ixarov, 
a “hundred,”  and  (pvXSov , a “leaf,”] 
Having  leaves  composed  of  a hundred 
(or  a great  number  of)  folioles:  heca- 
tophyl'lous. 

Hectic.  [Hec'ticus;  from  £%ig, 
“Jhabit.”]  (Fr.  Hectique , ek'tek',  or 
Etique,  At&k'.)  Belonging  to  habit  or 
state  of  body,  as  distinguished  from  dis- 
eases which  are  the  result  of  miasma  or 
contagion. 

Hec'tic  Fe'ver.  [Lat.  Fe'bris 
Ilec'tica;  Fr.  Fievre  Hectique , feAvu' 
ek't&k'.]  A slow,  insidious  fever,  idio- 
pathic or  symptomatic ; the  latter  arising 
in  consequence  of  some  incurable  local 
disease. 

Hec-ti-co-pyr'e-tos,*  or  Ilcc-tl- 
cop'y-ra.*  [From  ejjig,  “habit,”  and 
7 rup,  or  nvpcrog,  a “fever.”]  Hectic  fever. 

Hec'to-g,r&msiie.  [Hectogram'- 

ma,  a tie;  from  ixarov , a “hundred,” 
and  gramme .]  100  grammes;  equal  to  3 
oz  8 dr.  2.152  gr.  avoirdupois. 

Hectolitre,  ek'to'l&tr'.  [From  hxardv, 
a “hundred,”  and  li'tre.\  100  litres; 
equal  to  3.5377  English  cubic  feet,  or 
22  Imperial  gallons,  or  2£  Imperial 
bushels. 

Hectometre,  liek-to-me'ter  or  ek'to'- 
metR'.  [From  Uclt6v,  a “hundred,”  and 
miltre.]  100  metres;  or  109  yards,  1 
foot,  1 inch. 

240 


He-de-o'inaJ  American  Penny, 
royal.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  herb  of  the  Hedeoma  pule - 
gioides.  Pennyroyal  is  a stimulant  aro- 
matic and  emmenagogue. 

Hedeo  ma  Pu-le-gt-o-i'des.**  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  Pennyroyal. 
See  preceding  article. 

Hed'e-ra  He'lix.*  (Fr.  Lierre , 
le-er'.)  The  systematic  name  of  the  ivy. 

Hed-e-ra'ceous.  [Hedera'ceus; 
from  Hed’eray  the  “ivy.”]  Resembling 
the  Hedera , or  ivy. 

Hedg’e-Hys'sop.  Common  name 
for  Gratiola  officinalis. 

Hel-coc'a-^e.*  [From  2Avo;,  an 
“ulcer,”  and  Koncn,  “corruption.”]  Ma- 
lignant ulcer. 

Hel-co'des.*  [From  'iXxog , an  “ulcer.”] 
Having  ulcers,  or  full  of  ulcers. 

S3el-£oe-de'ma,  a tig.*  [From  2A<coj, 
an  “ulcer,”  and  olSn/ia,  a “tumor.”] 
(Edematous  ulceration. 

Mel'coid.  [Helcoi'des;  from  e\ xog, 
an  “ulcer,”  and  ddog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling an  ulcer. 

Mel-col'o-gy.  [Helcolo'g-ia;  from 
2A xog,  an  “ulcer,”  and  A oyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A history  of  ulcers. 

Hel-co-me'ni-a.*  [From  e\ xog,  an 
“ulcer,”  and  /u f\v,  a “month.”]  Metas- 
tasis of  the  catamenia  to  an  ulcer ; a 
sort  of  vicarious  menstruation. 

HeI-copb-tlfra3'mi-a.*  [From  eXxog, 
an  “ulcer,”  and  ofiOaXpdg,  the  “eye.”] 
Ulcerous  ophthalmia. 

Hel-co'sis.*  [From  e\ xog,  an  “ulcer.”] 
The  progress  of  ulceration. 

Hel'e-nin,  or  Hel'e-nine.  Elecam- 
pane Camphor.  A volatile,  crystalline 
solid,  obtained  from  the  In'ula  hele'- 
nium. 

Hd-i-an'the-mnm.*  Frostwort. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  herb  of  the  Helianthemum  Cana- 
dense. 

Hcl-i-co'des.*  [From  rAf£,  a “coil,” 
or  any  thing  spiral.]  Full  of  windings: 
hel'icose. 

Hel'i-coid.  [Helicoi'des:  from 

£Af£,  a “coil,”  and  ado,,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling that  which  is  spiral. 

He-lic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of he'lix, 
or  ?Ai|,  a “coil.”]  Applied  in  the  plural 
( Helic'uli ) to  the  spiral  vessels  of  plants: 
a hel'icule. 

He-li-o-^en'tric.  [Iloliocen'tri- 

eus;  from  /jA tog,  the  “sun,”  and  xanpo <6g, 
“centric.”]  Having  the  sun  for  the 
centre,  or  point  of  observation. 

Hc-li-o-i  deS.*  [From  rjAtof,  tho 


HEL 


HEL 


“ sun/*’  and  zl<*og,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
the  sun : he'lioid. 

He-li-om'e-ter.  [Meliom'etrum ; 

from  iiXiog,  the  “sun,”  and  pzrpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  apparent  diameter  of  the 
sun. 

Heli-O'scope.  [Mefliosco'piiim; 

from  )j\ tog,  the  “sun,”  and  aKoirzto,  to  “ob- 
serve.”] An  instrument  for  observing 
the  sun. 

Me ' li-o-stat  .*  [From  flXtog,  the  “ sun,” 
and  iJTrim,  to  “stand,”  to  “cause  to  stand 
still.”]  An  instrument  by  which  the 
sunbeam  can  be  steadily  directed  to  one 
spot  during  the  whole  of  its  diurnal 
period. 

Ile-li-o-tro'pi-ous.  [Heliota*o'pi- 
iis;  from  »j Xtog,  the  “sun,”  and  rpezej,  to 
“turn.”]  Applied  to  plants,  the  flowers 
of  which  turn  constantly  towards  the 
sun. 

He'li-o-tro-pis'mus.*  [From  rXiog, 
the  “sun,”  and  rpi noo,  to  “turn.”]  That 
faculty  by  which  certain  plants  con- 
stantly turn  their  flowers  to  the  sun : 
heliot'ropism. 

Me'lix,  ids .*  [Gr.  At£;  from  ziXzw, 
to  “wind  about.”]  Literally,  a “coil,” 
or  any  thing  spiral.  The  outer  border 
of  the  Pinna,  or  external  car.  Also,  the 
snail,  a genus  of  Mollusca , order  Pul- 
monea. 

Mel-le-bo-ra'ceous.  [Mellebora'- 
ceus.]  Having  an  arrangement  of  parts 
as  in  Helleborus. 

Mel'le-bore.  [Gr.  zXXeSopog .]  A plant. 
See  Helleborus. 

Mefllebore,  American.  See  Vera- 
TRUM  VlRIDE. 

Mel-lobo're-us.*  Belonging  to 

hellebore. 

Mel-leb'o-rin,  or  Mel-leb'o-rine. 

An  acrid  oil,  said  to  contain  the  acrid 
principle  of  the  Helleborus  niger , black 
hellebore,  or  Christmas  rose. 

Hel-leb'o-rus.*  [From  zXziv,  to 
“ destroy,”  and  Popa,  “fodder”?]  Black 
Hellebore.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Polyandria,  natural  order  Ranun- 
culacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
for  the  rhizoma  of  Hclleb'orus  officina'lis, 
or  H.  niger ; the  Hellebori  Nigri  Radix 
(“Root  of  Black  Hellebore”)  of  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia.  Hellebore  is  a 
drastic  hydragogue  cathartic;  it  also 
possesses  emmenagogue  properties. 

Helleb'orus  Arbus.*  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (Dub.  Ph.)  of  white 
hellebore  root.  See  Veratrum  Album. 

Melleb'orus  Fcet'I-dus.*  (“  Foetid 
21* 


Hellebore.”)  Bear’s-Foot.  The  leaves 
have  been  extolled  as  a remedy  for  tho 
Ascaris  lumbricoides.  Little  used. 

llelleb'orus  Ni'ger,*  Mclleb'o- 
rus  Of-fi$-X-na'lis.*  Systematic  names 
of  black  hellebore,  or  Melampodium. 

llelleb'orus O-ri-en-ta'lis.*  (“Ori- 
ental Hellebore.”)  The  root  was  formerly 
extolled  in  mania,  epilepsy,  and  dropsy. 
It  is  still  used  in  the  Levant. 

Mel-min'tlfla-gbgue.  [Slelinin- 
tbag’o'g'us;  from  zXptvg,  zXptvQog,  a 
“worm,”  and  aya>,  to  “carry  or  drive 
away.”]  The  same  as  Anthelmintic. 

Mcl-min'tlies.*  [From  zXptvg,  ’eXptv- 
Oog , a “worm.”]  A class  or  division  in 
Zoology,  including  the  various  kinds  of 
worms. 

Mel-min-tlii'a-sis,*  or  Hel-min 

tbl-a.*  [From  zXptvg,  zXpuOog,  a “worm.”] 
The  breeding  of  worms,  or  larvae,  in  any 
part  of  the  body. 

Mebiiiiii'tliic.  [Mclniin'tliicus; 

from  tXpuvg,  eXpivdog,  a “worm.”]  Be- 
longing to  worms. 

Hcl-miu-fbo'de&.*  [From  zXptvg,  a 
“worm.”]  Having  worms,  or  full  of 
worms. 

5Iel-niiu'tboid.  [Helminthoi'- 

<les;  from  zXptvg,  a “worm,”  and  ztbog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a worm. 

Mel-Buiu-tbol'o-syy-  [Melmintlio- 

lo'gia  : from  zXptvg,  a “ worm,”  and  Xdyog , 
a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  worms, — 
particularly  intestinal  worms;  that 
branch  of  medicine  which  treats  of  in- 
testinal worms. 

I9cl-miii-tbopb'tbi-sis.*  [From 
zXptvg,  a “worm,”  and  <pQictg,  a “wasting 
away.”]  Tabes  verminosa , or  wasting 
from  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms. 

Mel-min-tbop'y-ra.*  [From  zXptvg, 
a “worm,”  and  nvp,  orn vpzrog,  a “fever.”} 
Worm-fever. 

Me-lo'bi-us.*  [From  Ao?,  a “marsh,” 
a “pool,”  and  piog,  “life.”]  Living  on 
moisture;  aquatic. 

IJe-lo'des.*  [From  zXog,  a “marsh,” 
a “pool.”]  Full  of  moisture.  Applied 
to  a fever  with  profuse  sweating;  also, 
to  marsh  fever. 

Me-l*>p'y-ra.*  [From  zXog,  a “marsh,” 
and  7 r pzTog,  a “ fever.”]  Marsh  or  swamp 
fever. 

Me'los.*  [Gr.  JjXog ; Lat.  ClaH^us,  a 
“nail.”]  A name  given  to  the  tumor 
formed  by  prolapsus,  or  procidentia  iridis9 
supposed  to  resemble  a nail. 

Melwing-iacese,*  hel-win-je-a'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  which  appears  to  be  composed 
241 


HEM 


HEN 


of  a single  genus,  Helwin' gia,  found  in 
Japan. 

Hemacyanin,  or  Hematocyanin. 

See  Hematocyanina. 

Hemal.  See  H^mal. 

Memaproetie,  Ama'prok'te'.  [From 
alun,  “blood,”  and  npuKTog,  the  “anus.”] 
The  French  term  for  Piles,  which  see. 

Hematic.  See  Haematic. 

Hematite.  See  Haematite. 

Hem-e-ra-lo'pl-a.*  [From  ii/xspa,  a 
“day,”  and  oixp,  the  “eye.”]  A defect 
of  vision,  by  which  objects  are  seen  only 
in  broad  daylight:  day-sight;  night- 
blindness. 

Hem  - e-ra-  plio ' iis-a.  * [From  vpepa, 
a “day,”  a,  priv.,  and  (pwri , the  “voice.”] 
Loss  of  voice  during  the  day. 

Hem-e-rod'ro-imis.*  [From  fjpepa , 
a “ day,”  and  dpipjg,  a “ course.”]  Applied 
to  a fever  which  runs  its  course  in  a 
day.  The  same  as  Ephemerus. 

Hem  »e-  r o t-y-pSilo  'sis.*  [From 

ripzpa,  a “day,”  and  rvfpXcjjig,  “blind- 
ness.”] Day-blindness,  or  Nyctalopia. 

Hein-i-car'pus.*  [From  npiavg,  the 
“half,”  and  Kapndg,  “fruit.”]  Each  por- 
tion of  a fruit  which  naturally  separates 
itself  into  halves. 

Hean-i-$epli'a-liis.*  [From  ypiavg, 
“half,”  and  <epa\fi,  a “head.”]  A mon- 
ster-foetus with  half  a head. 

IIem»i-cra'ni-a.;!:'  [From  vpurvg, 
“half,”  and  Kpan/iov , the  “head.”]  (Fr. 
Migraine , mAgRen'  or  me'guan'.)  A 
severe  pain,  generally  hysterical,  nervous, 
or  bilious,  affecting  one  half  or  side  of 
the  head  ; a megrim. 

Hem-i-cran'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 
hemicrania. 

SEem-I-rtes'amis  In'di-cus.*  An 

asclepiadaceous  plant,  the  root  of  which 
is  used  in  India  under  the  name  of 
Country  Sarsap  irilla.  It  has  been  called 
Indian  or  Scented  Sarsaparilla,  or  the 
root  of  Smilax  aspera. 

BIem-i-lie'<lral.  or  Hem-i-ed'ric. 
[From  r\M(j  )g,  a “ half,”  and  edpa,  a“  base.”] 
II  iving  half  faces,  or  facets.' 

Hem-I-o-piil'gi-a.*  [From  fyuo-u;,  a 
“ half,”  w’^/,  the  “ eye,”  and  a\yog,  “ pain.”] 
Ilemicranic  pain  of  the  eye. 

Hem-i-op'sy.  [Hemiop'sia,  Hem- 
io'pia;  from  "ipta  >g,  a “half,”  dnropai,  to 
“see/*  or  6*//,  the  “eye.”]  Defect  of 
vision,  under  which  only  the  half  of 
objects  is  seen. 

Hem-I-plex'I-^.* 

[From  ripicr  >g , a “ half,”  and  nXncmi),  to 
“strike.”]  Paralysis,  affecting  one  half  or 
side  of  the  body ; paralysis  he/niplegica. 
242 


Hem-i-plegr'ic.  [Hemipleg>'icns.] 

Belonging  to  hemiplegia. 

Memiplexicius.  See  Hemiplegia. 

He-mip'ter-a.;S  [See  Hemipterus.] 
Insects  which  have  one  half  of  their 
wings  thick  and  coriaceous,  and  the 
other  half  membranous,  as  the  bug, 
tick,  etc. 

Hem-ip' ter-o-lo'gi-a.*  [From  r\pi- 
avg,  a “half,”  n-ipov,  a “wing,”  and  Aoyoj, 
a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  He - 
miptera. 

Hem-ip'ter-ows.  [Hemip' terns; 

from  hfjuavg,  a “half,”  and  nripor,  a 
“wing.”]  Half-winged.  Applied  to  an 
order  of  insects.  See  Hemiptera. 

Hem'i-spHiere.  [From  r/inrvg,  a 
“half,”  and  ctiaipa,  a “sphere.”]  The 
half  of  a sphere.  Applied  in  Anatomy  to 
the  two  portions  which  constitute  the 
upper  portion  of  the  cerebrum.  They  are 
separated  by  the /a/.r  cerebri. 

He-mit'ro-pous.  [Hemat'ropus ; 
from  ripicrvg,  a “half,”  and  rpsiro),  to 
“turn.”]  Applied  to  a crystal  formed 
of  two  parts  or  halves  regularly  united, 
but  as  if  the  superior  had  undergone  a 
revolution  upon  the  inferior. 

Mem'lock.  The  Conium  maculatum. 

Hemlock  PiteSi.  The  Fix  Cana- 
densis. 

Hemoptysie,  Amop't£'z&'.  The 
French  term  for  Hemoptysis,  which 
see. 

Hemorrhage.  See  Hemorrhage. 

Hemorrhagic,  Amo'r&'zh&'.  The 
French  term  for  Hemorrhagia,  which 

see. 

H€morrhoides,  Amo'ro'ed'.  A 
French  term  for  Piles,  which  see. 

Hemp.  See  Cannabis. 

Memp'-Seetl  Cal'cn-lus.  The  name 
of  some  varieties  of  the  mulberry  cal- 
culus, which  are  remarkably  smooth  and 
pale-colored,  resembling  hemp-seed. 

Henbane.  [Hyoscy'anms.]  A 
powerful  narcotic  plant,  said  to  be  poison- 
ous to  the  domestic  fowl.  See  Hyoscya- 
mus. 

Hen'bane,  Black.  The  Hyoscyamus 

niger. 

Hen-Blind 'ness.  [Nyctalo'pia.] 

So  termed  because  hens  are  said  to  be 
subject  to  it. 

Hen-dec'a-gon.  [Hen<d  (Hjago'- 

1111111 ; from  tvdaca,  “eleven,”  and  yavia, 
an  “angle.”]  A figure  having  eleven 
equal  angles  and  sides. 

Hcbiiic,  hen'neh.  A substance  pro- 
cured in  Egypt  from  the  Lawso'nia  Ine/- 
mi8,  with  which  the  women  stain  their 


HEP 


HEP 


fingers  and  feet.  Also  used  for  dyeing 
skins  of  a reddish  yellow. 

He'par,**  gen.  Hep'a-tis.  [From 
fjTrupy  '.narog,  the  “ liver.”]  The  liver,  or  or- 
gan which  secretes  the  bile.  (See  Liver.) 
The  term  hepar,  or  “ liver,”  was  formerly 
applied  to  the  combinations  of  sulphur 
with  alkalies,  from  their  liver-like  appear- 
ance. 

He'par  An-ti-mo'nl-i.*  (“  Li ver  of 

Antimony.”)  An  oxy-sulphuret  of  anti- 
mon}'. 

He'par  Cal'cis,*  called  also  Ual'cis 
Sul-phu-re'tam.*  A crude  bisul- 
phuret  of  calcium,  recommended  as  an 
external  application  to  Crusta  lactea. 

Me'par  Sail'pEfitrar-is.'*  (“  Liver  of 
Sulphur.”)  The  old  Pharmaceutical  name 
of  a liver-brown  sulphuret  of  potash. 

Ilep-a-t«I  gS-a.*  [From  map,  the 
"liver,”  and  u\ yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  af- 
fecting the  liver.  See  IIepatodynia. 

Mep-a-taux'e.5-  [From  map,  the 
“ liver,”  and  av^rj,  “increase.”]  En- 
largement of  the  liver. 

Hep-a-teiii-plhrax'is.*  [From  map, 
the  “liver,”  and  ep <ppa%ig,  “obstruction.”] 
Obstruction  of  the  liver. 

Mep-at-ha?m-or-rfiiia'ga-a.*  [From 
map,  the  “ liver,”  and  alpofpayia,  an 
“ eruption  of  blood.”]  Haemorrhage 
from  the  liver. 

Ilep-at-fiiel-eo'sis.*  [From  map, 
the  “liver,”  and  eXscacng,  “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration  of  the  liver. 

Me-pat'ic.  [Hepat'icos;  from 
map,  maro;,  the  “liver.”]  Belonging  to 
the  liver.  Applied  to  vessels,  ducts,  etc. 

Mepat'ic  Air.  Another  name  for 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas ; so  called,  it 
would  seem,  because  commonly  produced 
by  the  action  of  muriatic  acid  on  the 
Hepar  Antimonii. 

Mepat'ic  Flux.  Bilious  Flux.  The 
name  given  in  the  East  to  a variety  of 
dysentery,  in  which  there  is  a frequent 
flow  of  bilious  fluid  from  the  bowels. 

He*pat'i-ca.  ;j  [From  hepat'icus , “ be- 
longing to  the  liver.”]  Liverwort.  A 
genus  of  plants  belonging  to  the  Linnaean 
class  Polyandria,  natural  order  Ranuncu- 
tacese,  so  named  on  account  of  its  sup- 
posed medicinal  virtues  in  hepatic  affec- 
tions. Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  the  Hepat'ica 
America'  na. 

He-pat'a-$ae.*  A natural  order  of 
flowerless  plants,  related  to  Mosses,  found 
in  damp,  shady  places. 

He-pat  i-co-col'i-cus.*  [From,  he- 
pat'icus, “hepatic,”  and  col'icus,  “of 


the  colon.”]  Belonging  to  the  liver  and 
colon. 

He-pat'I-eo-re-na'lis.*  [From  he- 
pat'icus, “ hepatic,”  and  rena'lis,  “of  the 
kidney.”]  Belonging  to  the  liver  and 
kidney. 

Hcpaticus.  See  Hepatic. 

riep-a-tir-rhde'a.*  [From  map,  the 
“liver,”  and  pzu),  to  “ flow.”]  A purging, 
with  bilious  evacuations.  See  Hepa- 

TORRHCEA. 

Hepatite.  See  Hepatitis. 

Hep-a-tit'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 

hepatitis. 

Mep-a-ti'tis,  i 'dis*  [From  map,  the 
“liver;”  Fr.  Hepatite,  &'p&'tet\]  Inflam- 
mation of  the  liver.  A genus  of  the  order 
Phlegmasise,  class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Mep-a-ti-za' t ion.  [If  epat  iza'tio, 

o'nie  ; from  i.trap,  the  “ liver.”]  A change 
of  structure  in  the  lungs,  or  other  tex- 
ture, into  a liver-like  substance. 

II<‘p'a-to-<£ele.;i:'  [From  map,  the 
“liver,”  and  Kf/Xrj,  a “tumor.”]  Hernia, 
in  which  a part  of  the  liver  protrudes 
through  the  abdominal  parietes. 

Mep-a-to-<ly n 'I-a.*  [F rom  faap,  the 
“liver,”  and  ocvsr],  “pain.”]  Chronic 
pain  in  the  liver.  Nearly  the  same  as 
hepatalgia. 

Mep-a-to-gas'tric.  [From  faap,  the 
“liver,”  and  yaarrip,  the  “stomach.”]  A 
term  applied  to  the  smaller  omentum, 
which  passes  from  the  liver  to  the  stoma<  h. 

Heji-a-tog'ra-phy.  [Kepatogra'- 
pSiia ; from  map,  the  v liver,”  and  ypiityu, 
to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the  liver, 
its  attachments,  functii  ns,  etc. 

Mep-a-t©l'2‘£Bius.*  [From  'map,  the 
“ liver,”  and  XiOog,  a “ stone.”]  Calculus 
or  concretion  in  the  liver. 

Mep-a- tol  'o-gy . [Hepatol©  gia ; 
from  map,  the  “liver,”  and  A oyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  liver;  the 
science  which  treats  of  the  anatomy, 
functions,  and  diseases  of  the  liver. 

Hep-a-t©«'cus.*  [From  map,  the 
“liver,”  and  oy/coj,  a “ swelling.”]  Chronic 
hepatitis,  or  swelling  of  the  liver. 

Mep-a-to-plt leg  'inoii,  or  BSep-a- 
to-plileg'mo-iie.*  [From  map , the 
“liver,”  and  (bXeyporrj,  “inflammation.”] 
The  same  as  Hepatitis. 

Mep-a-topli'tlii-sis,*  or  Uep-a- 
t©pfa'tli©-e.*  [From  map,  the  “liver,” 
and  (pdiatg,  “consumption,”  or  (fQorj,  a 
“wasting.”]  Consumption,  decay,  or 
wasting,  of  the  liver. 

Hep-a-topli-tlfio'i-eus.*  Of,  or  be- 
longing to,  hepatophthde. 

243 


HEP 


HER 


Hep-a-to-pby'ma.*'  [From  {'nap, 
the  “liver,”  and  cpvpa,  a “suppurating 
tumor.”]  A suppuration  of  the  liver. 

IIe2>-a-tor-rIia/^i-a.-;:'  [From  i.nap, 
the  “ liver,”  and  ppyeopi,  to  “ hurst  forth.”] 
A discharge  (of  blood)  from  the  liver. 

Hep-a-tor-rliex'is.**  [From  I.nap, 
the  “liver,”  and  pn^s,  a-  “rupture.”] 
Rupture  of  the  liver. 

Ilep-a^tor-rlioe  a.;:'  [F rom  {'nap,  the 
“liver,”  and  pern,  to  “ flow.”]  A flow  of 
blood  from  the  liver. 

IIei>-a-t©-to'iBii-a,:;:*  or  Mep-a-tot'o- 
my.  [From  Trap,  the  “liver,”  and  rkyuoj, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  liver,  or 
cutting  into  the  liver. 

Mep'ta-gon.  [Heptago'mim ; 
from  birr  a,  “ seven,”  and  yu>Aa,  an  “ an- 
gle.”] A plane  figure  having  seven 
equal  angles  and  sides. 

Hep-t^gyn'i-ous.  [Hejitagyn'- 
ius;  from  inra,  “seven,”  and  yovri , a 
“ woman,”  or  “ female.”]  Having  seven 
pistils. 

IIe|>-tan'drI-a.*  [From  in rd,  “ sev- 
en,” and  avnp,  avbpo;,  a “ man,”  or  “ male.”] 
The  seventh  Linnsean  class  of  plants,  in- 
cluding those  which  have  seven  stamens 
in  each  flower. 

IIi‘l>-tan  '«1  ri-oiis,  or  Hep-tan'- 
[ Blcpl  aifdrius : from  the 
same.]  Having  seven  stamens. 

Hep4a-pet'a-loiis.  [Heptapet'- 
alas;  from  inra,  “seven,”  and  ir krdkoj, 
a “ petal.”]  Having  seven  petals. 

llej>-ta-3»hyl ' leas.  [ Ileptaphyl 
Ins;  from  inra,  “seven,”  and  (pvWoj,  a 
“ leaf.”]  Having  seven  leaves. 

B I (*]>-  ta-  pleii'  r us.i:  [From  inra, 
“seven,”  and  n\ capos,  a “rib.”]  Having 
seven  ribs. 

IIe2>-ta-sei>'a^lus.::':‘  [From  inra, 
“ seven,”  and  sep'alum,  a “ sepal.”]  Hav- 
ing seven  sepals:  heptasep'alous. 

Ilep-ta-sper'iiiaus.  [Heph^- 

sper'imas;  from  inra,  “seven,”  and 
onsppa,  a “ seed.”]  Having  seven  seeds. 

Mer-ba.*  (Fr.  Herbe,  eub.)  An  herb. 
A plant  with  a soft  and  succulent  stalk, 
which  dies  to  the  root  every  year.  A 
plant  of  which  the  stem  does  not  become 
woody  and  persistent. 

ller-ba'ciMKis.  [Herba'cens.] 
Having  soft  stalks,  and  perishing  to  the 
root  each  year ; of  the  nature  of  an  herb. 

Jler-ba'ri-wm.*  [From  her'ba , an 
“herb,”  and  -arium,  a Latin  termination 
denoting  a repository,  or  the  place  where 
any  thing  is  kept.  See  Ovarium.]  (Fr. 
Jfferbier , er'bcA'.)  A collection  of  dried 
specimens  of  plants:  a Hortus  siccus. 

244 


Herbe.  See  Herba. 

Herbier.  See  Herbarium. 

Her-biv'o-rous.  [Herbiv'orus ; 

from  her'ba,  an  “herb,”  and  vo'ro,  to 
“devour.”]  Feeding  on  herbs. 

Ilereditaire.  See  Hereditary. 

He-red'I-ta-ry.  [Hjeredita'rius ; 
from  fix'  res,  hsere'dis,  an  “heir.”]  (Fr. 
Hereditaire,  ArAde'teR'.)  Derived  by 
inheritance ; transmitted  from  parent  to 
offspring. 

Mer-mapli'ro-dlte.  [Ilerniapb- 
rodi'tus;  Hermaphroditus  was  fabled 
to  be  the  son  of  Her'mes  (or  Mercury) 
and  Aphrodi'te  (or  Venus),  and  to  have 
united  both  sexes  in  one  person.]  One 
in  whom  either  the  male  organs  of  gen- 
eration are  too  slightly,  or  the  female 
too  highly7,  developed,  in  either  case  ap- 
proaching in  size  and  resemblance  those 
of  the  opposite  sex.  Applied  in  Botany 
to  a flower  which  contains  stamens  and 
pistils  within  the  same  calyx  and  petals. 

ller-mapfr-ro-dlt'ic.  [Hemiapb- 
rodit'icus.J  Belonging  to  a hermaph- 
rodite. 

ller-met'ic,  or  Her-met  i-cal. 
[Mermet'icus  ; from 'E pprjg,  Mercury, 
who  is  said  to  have  invented  chemistry.] 
Belonging  to  chemistry. 

Hermet'ic  Seal.  The  closing  of 
the  end  of  a glass  vessel  or  tube,  while 
in  a state  of  fusion. 

Mer-mo-dac'ty-liis.*  The  ancient 
name  of  a plant  supposed  to  be  colchicum. 

Iler'Bal-a.*  [From  r/voj,  a “ branch,  or 
something  given  off.”]  (Fr.  Haryne, 
hann,  or  Hernie,  eR'n&'.)  In  popular 
language,  a “rupture;”  a tumor  formed 
by  the  protrusion  of  any  of  the  viscera 
of  the  abdomen  beyond  its  parietes;  also, 
displacement  of  any  part  from  its  normal 
cavity.  A genus  of  the  order  Ectopix, 
class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Her'nia  Cer'ebri.*  (“  Hernia  of 
the  Brain.”)  Protrusion  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  brain  through  the  fontanels, 
or  through  an  opening  made  by  a frac- 
ture, a trephine,  etc. 

IIer'nia.  Congen'ital.  [Her'nia  Con- 
yen'  ita.]  Hernia  existing  at  birth. 

IIer'nia  Crura'lis.*  (“Crural  Her- 
nia.”) Femoral  hernia,  or  a protrusion 
under  Poupart’s  ligament.  The  passage 
through  which  the  lnrnia  descends  is 
variously  called  the  crural,  or  femoral, 
ring,  and  crural  canal. 

Her'nia  Humora'lis.*  (“Humoral 
Hernia.”)  Acute  inflammation  of  the 
testicle,  or  swelled  testicle.  See  Or- 
chitis. 


HER 


HET 


Her'nia,  In'guinal.  [ Her'nia  Ingui- 
na'lis.]  Bubonocele,  or  hernia  at  the 
groin.  It  is  termed  incomplete , or  ob- 
lique, when  it  does  not  protrude  through 
the  abdominal  ring,  and  complete , or 
direct,  when  it  passes  out  at  that  opening. 

Her'nia,  Umbil'ical.  [ Her'nia  Um- 
bilica'lis.]  Omphalocele,  or  exomphalos. 
Hernia  of  the  bowels  at  the  umbilicus. 

Her'nia Varico'sa.*  (“Varicose Her- 
nia.”) Another  name  for  Gircocele. 

Ilerniaire.  See  Hernfal. 

IXer'ni-al.  (Fr.  Herniaire,  er'n&'eR', 
H irnie,  eii'n^A',  or  Hernieux , eR'n&'uh'.) 
Belonging  to  hernia. 

IXernie.  See  Hernia. 

Ilernie  OuiMlacale.  See  Hernia, 
Umbilical. 

IXerni£.  See  Hernial. 

Meriiieux.  See  Hernial. 

Iler-ni-ot'o-my.  [Heriiioto'mia ; 

from  her'nia , and  re pro),  to  “cut.”]  The 
operation  for  strangulated  hernia. 

Xle-ro'ic.  [Hero'iciis;  from  rpcog, 
a “hero.”]  Applied  to  certain  remedies 
from  their  potency  or  severity. 

Her'pes,  e'tis .*  [From  epnco,  to 
“creep.”]  Serpigo,  or  Tetter ; a skin-dis- 
ease in  which  little  itchy  vesicles  in- 
crease, spread,  and  cluster  together,  ter- 
minating in  furfnraceous  scales.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Dialyses,  class  Locales , 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Herpes  Cir-ci-iia'tus.*  Ring- 
worm ; also  called  Herpes  Serpigo. 

XXer'pes  Ex'e-deins.*  (“Corroding 
Herpes.”)  A species  of  herpes  in  which 
there  is  a rapid  spreading  of  the  disease. 

XXer'pes  Eab-I-a'lis.*  (“Herpes  of 
the  Lip.”)  A form  of  herpes  attacking 
the  lips  : it  is  occasionally  diffused  on 
the  velum  and  palate. 

XXer'pes  Ser-pi'g©.*  Herpes  cir* 
cinatus,  or  ringworm. 

XXer'pes  Zos'ter.*  [See  Zoster.] 
Herpes  spreading  across  the  waist,  or 
thorax,  like  a sash  or  sword-belt,  com- 
monly called  shingles. 

Her-pet'ic.  [Xlerpet'ieais,]  Be- 
longing to  herpes,  or  tetter. 

IX  c r-  p e t-i-for ' in  is.*  [From  her'pes, 
“ tetter,”  or  “cutaneous  eruption.”] 
Having  the  appearance  of  herpes. 

Xler-pe-t©g'ra-p3i$L  [Herpeto- 
gra'phia:  from  her'pes,  “tetter,”  and 
ypvboi,  to  “ describe.”]  A description  of 
herpes. 

XXer-pe-t©l '©-§$■.  [MerpetoS©'- 
gia:  from  epnero g,  “reptile,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  study  or  science  of 
reptiles,  their  habits,  nature,  etc.  Also, 


a dissertation  on  herpetic  diseases.  Sefr 
Herpetic. 

Hes-per'i-din.  [From  hesperid'ium , 
the  “orange.”]  A peculiar  crystallizable 
substance  obtained  from  unripe  oranges. 

lies  ter  n.  = Hester'  nus.%  “ Of  yester- 
day.” 

IXeter-a-can ' tlius.*  [From  erepog, 
“other,”  “different,”  and  aKai/Oa,  a 
“thorn.”]  Having  different  spines,  or 
spinous  stipules,  one  of  which  is  straight, 
the  other  hooked. 

Het'er-a-del'plii-a.*'  [From  erepog , 
“other,”  “different,”  and  adeX^og,  a 
“brother.”]  A term  applied  to  the  union 
of  the  body  of  two  foetuses.  In  these 
cases,  one  foetus  generally  attains  its 
perfect  growth;  the  other  remains  un- 
developed or  acephalous,  maintaining  a 
parasitic  life  upon  its  brother. 

Het'er-a-de'ni-a,*  or  Het'er-o-de'- 
laa-a.*  [From  erepog,  “different,”  and 
ddrjr,  a “gland.”]  A heterologous  for- 
mation of  glandular  substance. 

Met-er-an  'drus.*  [F rom  erepog,  “ dif- 
ferent,” and  dvhp,  avtipog,  a “man,”  or 
“male.”]  Having  stamens  or  anthers 
of  different  form. 

I let  -er-an  thus.*'  [From  erepog; “ dif- 
ferent,” and  iiytiog,  a “flower.”]  Having 
different  flowers. 

Het'er-o-car'pons.  [Heterocar'- 
pits:  from  erepog,  “different,”  and  sapirog, 
“fruit.”]  Bearing  different  fruits. 

Het'er-o-ceph  a-lus.i:  [From  erepog , 
“different,”  and  KecpaXf),  the  “head.”]  A 
monster-foetus  with  two  unequal  heads. 

IXet-er-o-clironi-a.*  [From  erepog , 
“different,”  and  xpwog,  “time.”]  A de- 
viation from  the  normal  condition  of  a 
part,  consisting  in  the  development  of 
some  mass  < r tissue  at  a time  when,  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  health,  it  ought 
not  to  have  been  developed. 

IXet'er-o-clite.  [IXeteroc'litiis  3 
from  erepog,  “ different,”  and  kXluco,  to 
“incline.”]  Literally,  “anomalous,”  or 
“irregular.”  Applied  to  plants  which 
have  the  sexes  separated. 

He  t 'cr-o-g-a ' mi-  us,*  Met-er-ag  'a- 
mus.*  [From  erepog,  “different,”  and 
ydpog , a “ marriage.”]  Having  flowers, 
monoecious,  dioecious,  or  polygamous. 

lletero^anglaata.  See  Zoology. 

I a (d  er-o-ge'iie-ous.  [Meterage '- 
liens;  from  erepog,  “different,”  and  yevog, 
a “kind.”]  Of  different  or  opposite  kinds. 

XXet'er-o-Ia'li-a.’^  [From  erepog , “ dif- 
ferent.” and  XaAta,  “speech.”]  A defect 
in  sneech.  See  IIeterophonia. 

Het-er-ol'o-bus.*  [From  erepog,  “dif- 
245 


HET 


HEX 


ferent,”  and  \6pog,  a “lobe.”]  Ajpplied 
to  plants,  ot  parts  of  plants,  having 
unequal  lobes. 

Het-er-ol  o-goas.  [Heterol'ogus ; 

from  crepog,  “different,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse,”  “proportion,”  or  “rela- 
tion.”] Applied  to  certain  formations, 
consisting  of  the  presence  of  a solid  or 
fluid  substance  different  from  any  of  the 
solids  or  fluids  which  enter  into  the 
healthy  composition  of  the  body. 

Het-er-©m'e-rus.*  [From  crepog/'  dif- 
ferent,” and  pcpog,  a “ part,”  or  “ portion.”] 
Having,  or  consisting  of,  different  por- 
tions. See  Isomerous. 

Het-er-o-me'tri-a.*  [From  crepog, 
“ different,”  and  pLcrpov,  a “measure.”] 
A variation  from  the  normal  condition 
of  a part  with  respect  to  the  “measure” 
or  quantity  of  material  which  it  contains. 

Het'er-o-mor'jjhous.  [Hetero- 
morphus ; from  crepog, .“  different,”  and 
pop:f>ny  “form.”]  Differing  in  form,  shape, 
or  external  appearance.  See  Isomor- 
phous. 

llet'er-o-ne'mus.*  [From  crepog, 
“different,”  and  vrjp.a , a “thread,”  or 
“fillet.”]  Having  unequal  filaments. 

Het-er-op'a-tliy.  [Heteropa- 
tlii'a;  from  crepog,  “different,”  and  n dOog, 
“affection.”]  That  mode  of  treating 
diseases  by  which  a morbid  condition  is 
removed,  by  inducing  a different  or  oppo- 
site condition  to  supplant  it;  such,  for 
example,  as  resorting  to  cold  water  or 
refrigerating  medicines  to  get  rid  of  fever. 
The  opposite  of  Homoeopathy,  and,  so,  the 
same  as  Allopathy. 

Heter-o-pet'a-lus.*  [From  crepog, 
“different,”  and  neraXov,  a “petal.”] 
Having  dissimilar  or  unequal  petals. 

Heter-o-pIio'ni-a.;:  [From  crepog, 

“different,”  and  (fxorfi,  the  “voice.”]  An 
abnormal  state  of  the  voice. 

Het'er-o-pla'sl-a.*  [From  crepog, 
“ different,”  and  nXdotg,  “formation,”  or 
“structure.”]  The  increase  of  a part 
by  the  addition  of  structural  elements 
different  from  those  of  its  normal  con- 
dition. 

Ilet-er-op'o-diis.*  [From  crepog , 
“different,”  and  novg,  a “foot.”]  Having 
feet  different  (from  the  other  orders).  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  (Heter op'oda) 
to  an  order  of  Mollusca  Gasteropoda. 

Ilet-er-op'te-rus.*  [From  crepog , 
“different,”  and  nrcpdv,  a “wing.”]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  [ Heterop' tera) 
to  a section  of  Hemrpttra , in  which  the 
elytra  are  membranous  only  at  the  ex- 
tremity. 

246 


Het'er-o-rtiyn'clius,*  Het-er-o- 

ros'tris.®  [From  crepog,  “different,” 
and  pvy\og,  a “ beak,”  ros'trum , a “beak.”] 
Having  different  beaks. 

Meter-o-ste'mo-iius.*  [From  crepog, 
“different,”  and  orrjfjLoo v,  a “stamen.”] 
Having  dissimilar  stamens. 

Het-er-ot'ro-pous.  [Heterot'ro- 
pns ; from  'crepog,  “ different,”  and  rponog, 
“manner.”]  Applied  to  the  embryo  of 
a plant  when  it  lies  across  the  hilum. 

Meter-o-typ'i-a.*  [From  crepog, 
“different,”  and  rvnog,  a “type.”]  A 
variation  from  the  normal  condition, 
by  the  production  of  a mass  in  a part 
differing  in  type  from  the  remaining 
structure  of  the  part. 

Ileu-ctie'ra.*  Alum-root.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  Heuehera  Americana. 

Hex'a-gon.  [Hexa^o'num ; from 
cl,  “six,”  and  yom'a,  an  “angle.”]  A 
plane  figure  having  six  equal  angles  and 
sides. 

Hex-ag'o-nal.  [Hexag'onus.]  Be- 
longing to  a hexagon. 

Hex-ag'yn-ous,  or  Hex-a-£yn'i- 
ous.  [IXexagyn'ius ; from  cl,  “six,” 
and  ywrj,  a “woman,”  or  “female.”] 
Having  six  pistils.  Applied  to  a Lin- 
naean  order. 

Mex-a-lie'dral.  [Hexahe'clrus.] 

Belonging  to  a hexahedron. 

Hex-a-lie'dron.  [Hexatie'clrum ; 

from  cl,  “six,”  and  edpa,  a “base.”]  A 
regular  solid  figure  bounded  by  six  equal 
sides ; a cube. 

Hex-an'dri-a.*  [From  el,  “six,” 
and  autip,  avdpog,  a “man,”  or  “male.”] 
The  sixth  class  of  the  Linnman  system 
of  plants,  including  those  which  have 
six  equal  stamens  in  each  flower. 

X9ex-an'drous,  or  Hex-an  'dri- 
ous.  [Hexan 'drifts.]  Having  six 
equal  stamens.  See  Hexandria. 

Ilcx-an 'gu-lar.  [Hexangula'ris ; 
from  cl,  “ six,”  and  an'yulus,  an  “ angle.”] 
Having  six  angles. 

Ilex-a-pet'a-lous.  [Hexapet'a- 

lus;  from  el,  “six,”  and  neraXov,  a “pet- 
al.”] Having  six  petals. 

Ilex-a-ptiyUous.  [Mexaptiyl'- 

lus ; from  r f,  “ six,”  and  (pvWoi/,  a “ leaf.”] 
Having  six  leaves. 

Ilox-ap'o-dus.*  [From  cl,  “ six,” 
and  novg,  a “ foot.”]  Having  six  feet. 
Applied  particularly  to  insects. 

llex-ap'te-rous.  [Ilexap'terus; 

from  el,  “six,”  and  nrcpou,  a “wing.”] 
Provided  with  six  wings. 

Ilex-a-sep'a-lus.*  [From  cl,  “six,” 


HEX 


HIP 


and  sep'alum , a “ sepal.”]  Composed  of 
six  sepals. 

Mex-a-sper'mus.*  [From  f£,  “six,” 
and  ontpixa,  a “ seed.”]  Having  six  seeds. 

Mex-a-ste'mo-nus.*  [From  t£, 
“six,”  and  arrjpuv,  a “ stamen.”]  Having 
six  stamens.  See  IIexandrous. 

Mex'is.*  [Gr.  t%is ; from  to 

“have,”  to  “have  one’s  self,”  or  to 
“be.”]  The  same  as  habit  of  body.  See 
Diathesis. 

Mi-a'tus  Fal-lo'pi-i.*  [From  hi'o, 
hia'tum,  to  “gape.”]  An  opening  in  the 
tympanum,  named  from  Fallopius. 

Hibernaculuin.  See  IIybernacu- 
lum. 

Hibiscus  Moscliatus.  See  Abel- 

MOSCHUS. 

Hiccough,  Hiccup.  See  Singultus. 

Mid'den  Seiz'ure.  A term  used  by 
M.  Hall  for  such  a paroxysm  in  convulsive 
diseases,  as  may  have  been  unobserved, 
because  occurring  in  the  night,  or  away 
from  the  patient’s  home  and  friends,  or 
limited  to  the  deeply-seated  muscles. 

Hi-dro'a.::  [From  ISpUg,  “sweat.”] 
The  term  given  by  Sauvages  and  Vogel 
to  eczema , or  heat  eruption. 

Hi-dro'des.*  [From  Mpug,  “sweat.”] 
Full  of  sweat;  sweaty. 

Hi-drou'o-sus.*  [From  tdpug,"  sweat,” 
and  vooog,  a “disease.”]  See  Anglicus 
Sudor. 

Hi-drop-e-de'sis.*  [From  ISp-Hg, 
“sweat,”  and  irijSqais,  a “spring.”]  Ex- 
cessive sweating. 

Hidropyretus.  See  IIydronosus. 

Mid-ror-rhce'a.*  [From  idptog, 
“sweat,”  and  pk a>,  to  “flow.”]  Profuse 
sweating. 

Mi-dro'sis.*  [From  iSpcog,  idpwrog, 
“sweat.”]  The  condition  of  sweating. 

IJI-drot'ic.  [Hidrot'icus ; from 
the  same.]  Causing  sweat;  sudorific; 
diaphoretic. 

Hi-drot-o-pce'ia,*  Ili-drot-o- 

poi-e'sis.*  [From  ISoug,  “sweat,”  and 
ttouw,  to  “make.”]  Excretion  of  the 
sweat. 

Mi-er-an 'o-sos.*  [From lepog,  “holy,” 
and  voaog , “disease.”]  Mor'bus  Sa'cer. 
An  ancient  term  for  “epilepsy.” 

ISi'er-a  Pi'cra.*  [From  lepog,  “holy,” 
and  7 uKpog,  “bitter.”]  A name  applied 
to  Pulvia  Aloes  cum  Canelld. 

Migh-mo-ri-a'num  An  trum.  5 A 
cavity  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone, 
described  by  Highmore ; otherwise  called 
the  Antrum  maxillae , or  A.  moxillare. 

Hi-lif 'er-us.*  [From  hi'lum , and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Having  hila. 


Milan.  See  IIilum. 

Mi  I uni,  plural  Hi'la.  Sometimes 
improperly  written  Hi'lus.  (Fr.  Hilon , 
^'16ng'.)  The  point  of  attachment  of  a 
seed  to  its  seed-vessel,  or  receptacle  by 
which  it  obtains  its  nourishment;  the 
umbilicus  of  the  seed. 

Mi'lus  IA-e-Bia'Iis.*  [From  li'en, 
the  “spleen.”]  The  concave  part  of  the 
spleen. 

Hip.  See  Coxa. 

Hip-Bath.  See  Semicupium. 

Hip-Ber'ries.  The  ripe  fruit  of  the 
Rosa  canina. 

Hip-Joint  Bisease.  See  Coxalgia. 

Ilip'-Tree.  The  Rosa  canina. 

Hip-po-cain'pus.*  [From  InnoKap- 
no;,  a small  marine  animal  with  a head 
closely  resembling  that  of  a horse.]  The 
small  animal  named  the  sea-horse. 

Hippocam'pus  Major,®'  called 
also  (or'iui  Ain-nto  nis.*  A large 
white  curved  body  in  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Hippocam  pus  Mi  nor.  5 A small 
eminence  of  white  substance  in  ihQ  pos- 
terior cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricles  of 
the  brain. 

H i p pocas  t an  area*,*  h i p - p o -k  as  - 1 a- 
na'she-e,  or  flippocastaneav5  hip-po- 
kas-ta'ne-e.  [From  Hippocas'ta n urn , the 
specific  name  of  the  “horse-chestnut.”] 
A name  given  by  some  botanists  to  a 
natural  order  of  plants.  See  Sapinda- 

CE.E. 

Mippo-co-ry'za.*  [From  nnr og,  the 
“ horse,”  and  Koyv^a,  “ inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  nostrils.”] 
Applied  to  coryza  in  horses,  such  as 
occurs  in  farcy  or  glanders ; likewise  to 
the  same  affection  in  cattle,  etc.  It  is 
also  termed  Hippomyxa.  See  Farcy. 

llippocrateaceae,*  hip-po-kra-te-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Hippocra* tea,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  mostly  natives  of  South  Ame- 
rica. 

Mip-poc'ra-tes’  Sleeve.  [Mau'ica 
Mippoc'ratis.]  A name  given  to  a 
conical-shaped  strainer  of  linen  or  flan- 
nel. 

Mip-po-crat'ic.  [Hippocrat'i- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  Hippocrates. 

Hippocratic  Countenance.  See 

Facies  Hippocratica. 

Mippocraticese,*  hip-po-kra-tish'- 
e-e.  The  Jussieuan  name  of  a natu- 
ral order  of  plants.  See  Hippocratea- 

CE  vE. 

Hip'po-lith.  [Hippol'itfiius;  from 
' fanog , a “ horse,”  and  \idog , a “ stone.”] 
247 


HIP 


HIS 


The  Bezoar  equinum ; a concretion  in 
the  gall-bladder,  or  intestines,  of  the 
horse. 

Hig>-f>ol'©-gy.  [Hippolo'gia;  from 
Imrog,  a “ horse,”  and  Xoyoj,  a “dis- 
course.”] A term  for  a dissertation  on 
the  horse;  the  science  which  treats  of 
the  horse. 

Mip-po-myx'a.^  [From  ttnroj,  a 
“horse,”  and  /xu£a,  “mucus.”]  The  same 
as  Hippocoryz A,  which  see. 

Mip'po-aio-sol'o-gy.  [ESppsMin©- 
solo'g-ia.]  Tiie  same  as  IIippopatiiol- 
ogy,  which  see. 

Hippo-jKitb-o-lo^l-cal.  [Mip- 
popathologr'icus.]  Belonging  to  hip- 
popathology. 

Hi  p'  p©-pa- tta©l ' o-gy.  [Hippo- 

patholo'gaa;  from  bnro?,  a “horse,” 
7 xd%;,  “dis3ase,”  and  Xdyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] That  branch  of  general  medi- 
cine which  treats  of  the  diseases  of  the 
horse. 

Hip-p©s-te-©l'©-gy.  [Hipposte- 
©lo'gia;  from  "timo;,  a “horse,”  and  ojtc- 
oXoyta,  a “ treatise  upon  bones.”]  A 
treatise  on  the  bones  of  the  hor^e;  that 
branch  of  Comparative  Anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  skeleton  of  the  horse. 

Hifj-pot'o-acay-  [Hippoto'mia; 

from  bnro;,  a “horse,”  and  rc/x^w,  to 
“cut.”]  The  anatomy,  or  dissection,  of 
the  h >rse. 

Mip-pu'rate.  [Hippu'ras,  a'ti’s.] 
A combination  of  hippuric  acid  with  a 
base. 

Hip-pn'ric.  [Hippu'ricus ; from 
*7nro;,  a “horse,”  and  ovpov,  “urine.”] 
Applied  to  an  acid  found  plentifully 
in  the  urine  of  the  horse  and  cow, 
and  in  that  of  the  Graminivora  gene- 
rally. 

Hip' pus.*  [Gr.  bnro;,  a “ horse,”  also, 
an  “affection  of  the  eyelids.”]  A dis- 
ease of  the  eyelid,  in  which  there  is  a 
constant  tendency  to  wink;  so  called,  it 
is  said,  because  the  lid  goes  up  and 
down,  like  a man  on  horseback. 

Hip'pus  Pii-pll'lae.*  (“Hippusof 
the  Pupil.”)  A tremulous  condition  of 
the  iris,  attended  with  alternate  contrac- 
tions and  dilatati  >ns  of  the  pupil. 

Hir'ciite.  [Hir'cas,  a'fis.]  A com- 
bination of  hircic  acid  with  a base. 

Hir'clc,  or  fifir-cin'ic.  [Hirein'i- 
cus.]  Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from 
the  fat  of  the  goat. 

Har'cln,  or  Hir'cme.  [Hirci'na; 
from  hir'cas , the  “ male  goat.”]  A pe- 
culiar substance  found  in  the  fat  of  the 
goat,  and  on  which  its  strong  odor  de- 
248 


pends.  It  yields  by  saponification  the 
hircic,  or  hircinic , acid. 

Hi  e*-  ' m us.*'  [From  hir’eus,  a 
“male  goat.”]  The  strong  odor,  pecu- 
liar to  the  human  axilla,  which  resem- 
bles that  of  the  male  goat. 

Hir'sute.  [Hirsu'tus.]  Hairy; 
rough;  shaggy. 

Miirswties,*'  hir-su'she-ez.  [From 
hirsu'tus,  “hairy.”]  A disease  in  which 
hair  grows  in  morbid  excess  or  on  a part 
where  it  is  unnatural. 

Mir-ti-fla'rus.*  [From  hir'tus, 
“hairy,”  and  Jios , a “flower.”]  Having 
hairy  flowers. 

Hia*'tus.*'  [Contraction  of  hirsu’tus , 
“hairy,”  or  “shaggy.”]  Bough-haired; 
hairy. 

Hirud.  = Him' do*  or  him'  dines; *'  A 
“leech,  or  leeches.” 

lai-rM-cii-for'mis.*  [From  him' do, 
a “horse-leech.”]  Resembling  the  leech. 
Applied  by  Latreille,  in  the  neuter  plural 
( Hirudifor’ min ),  to  an  order  of  animals. 

M5-ru'd©,  d/mV*  [From  hau'rio , to 
“drink  up”?]  A genus  of  worms,  or 
worm-like  animals,  belonging  to  the 
class  Anellcitci  (or  Anellides).  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (Brit.  Ph.)  of  the 
Sanguisuga  mcdicinalis  (Fr.  Saugsue , 
soNG'sii'),  the  Hirudo  medicinalis. 

Hini'do  Me-dic-i-nalis.*  The 
European  leech,  an  animal  much  em- 
ployed for  local  depletion.  It  will  draw 
nearly  a half  an  ounce  of  blood.  The 
American  leech,  or  Hind  do  deco'ra,  does 
not  make  so  deep  an  incision  as  the 
European,  and  draws  less  blood. 

Mis'pid.  [Ilas'pMas.]  Having 
bristles;  bristly. 

Mis-pid-u-Ia'tus.*  [From  hispid’ n- 
lus,  the  diminutive  of  his'pidus,  “rough,” 
“bristly.”]  In  a slight  degree  rough. 

HSs-pad-ii-Ia'sus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  stiff  hairs. 

His- 1 o-d  I-  al'  y -sis.  [From  lar6g,  a 
“web,”  or  “tissue,”  and  tiidXnatg,  a “dis- 
solution.”] A resolution  of  organic  tex- 
ture. 

IHs-to-di-a-lyt  I-cus.*  Belonging 

to  histodialysi*. 

Hisdo-ge-iiet'ic.  [Ilistoffcnet'i- 

eus.]  Belonging  to  histogeny:  pro- 
moting the  formation  of  organic  tex- 
tures. 

H is-t  og'e-n$r.  [Ilistogcn  'esis ; 

from  tVrrfj,  a “ web,”  or  “tissue,”  and  yma, 
to  “be  born.”]  The  origin  or  formation 
of  organic  tissue. 

His-to-grapIi'I-CUS.*  Belonging  to 

liistography. 


HIS 


II OM 


His-togr'ra-pBsy.  [Mistog'ra'plaia ; 

from  torus,  a ••web,”  or  “tissue,”  and 
ypdyoj,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
organic  tissues. 

His-to-log'I-cal.  [Histolo&'iciis.] 

Belonging  to  histology. 

Elis-tol'o-gy.  [Mistolo'g-ia;  from 
lords,  a “web,”  or  “tissue,”  and  Aoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  or  doctrine 
of  the  minute  structure  and  composition 
of  the  different  textures  of  organized 
bodies. 

I lis-t  021 '©-my.  [Ilistono'niia; 

from  lords,  a “web,”  or  “tissue,”  and 
vdpos,  a “law.”]  History  of  the  laws 
which  regulate  the  formation  and  ar- 
rangement of  organic  tissues. 

Ilis-tot'o-my.  [Hisloto'mia;  from 
lords , a “web,”  or  “tissue,”  and  repsio, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  organic  tis- 
sues. 

His-tri-on'ic.  [From  hia'trio,  a 
“ play-actor.”]  A term  applied  by  Ger- 
man writers  to  affections  of  the  muscles 
of  expression,  inducing  spasms  and  para- 
lysis. 

Hive  Syr' up.  A syrup  prepared  as 
a remedy  for  croup.  See  Syrupus 
SCILLJE  COMPOSITUS. 

Hives,  hivz.  A popular  name  for  the 
croup.  It  is  also  applied  to  different 
species  of  rash. 

Hoarseness.  See  Baucedo. 

Hoary.  See  Glaucus,  and  Inca- 
nous. 

Iloff  'mann’s  An'o-dyne  liq  uor. 
[Hoi fm a ai ' 22  i Liq  uor  Aiiod'ynus.] 

See  Spiritus  A^theris  Compositus. 

Hog’s  ILard.  See  Adeps  Suillus, 
and  Axungta  Porcina. 

Hol-o-ear'pus.*  [From  #Ao?, 

“whole,”  or  “entire,”  and  Kapnos, 
“fruit.”]  Having  entire  fruit-capsules. 

HoS-o-pet'a-lus.-  [From  oAo?, 
“whole,”  or  “entire,”  and  rtraXov,  a 
“petal.”]  Having  entire  petals. 

fllomaliacese,^  ho-ma-le-a'she-e. 
[From  Homo! Hum,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  all  of  which  are  tropical. 

Horn 'berg’s  Ptios'plio-rus.  Mu- 
riate of  lime,  which,  on  being  reduced 
by  heat  to  a vitreous  mass,  Homberg 
found  to  emit  a phosphoric  light,  when 
struck  by  a hard  body. 

Hom-berg’s  Py-ropli'o-rus.  A 
mixture  of  alum  and  brown  sugar,  which 
lakes  fire  on  exposure  to  the  air. 

Monie-Sicdkaiess.  See  Nostalgia. 

Hoan'i-cule.  [Momlci'tfium;  from 
Ho' mo , “man,”  and  ere' do,  to  “kill.”] 
22 


The  killing  of  a man,  woman,  or  child 
by  accident,  in  distinction  from  that 
done  in  malice,  with  set  purpose;  man- 
slaughter, chance-medley,  etc. 

Jlo'mo-.  [From  epos,  “equal,” 
“same.”]  A prefix  denoting  equality, 
or  sameness. 

llo-mtie-o-inor'plius.*  [From 
opoio;,  “like,”  and  popart,  “form.”]  Hav- 
ing a similar  form. 

IBo-iuoe-o-patKi'ic.  [IIoni<XM>- 

patli'icus.j  Belonging  to  homoeop- 
athy. 

HomoeopatBiic.  See  Homoeopathy. 
Ho-mue-op'a-tliy.  [Kumoeopa- 
tBii'a;  from  opotos,  “like,”  and  irutius, 
“disease.”]  (Fr.  Homoeopathie,  o'rrAV- 
] &'t<P.)  A doctrine  propounded  by 
Hahnemann,  professing  to  cure  diseases 
by  the  action  of  infinitesimal  doses  of 
medicines,  of  a quality  to  excite  in  the 
healthy  a disease  similar  to  that  which 
is  to  be  cured. 

Ho-moe-o'sis.*  [From  opotos,  “like.”] 
Assimilation. 

lloiiiogun&liata.,  See  Zoology. 

Ilo-ino-ge-nei-ty.  [Hoiiiogene'i- 

tas,  u'f/#.]  Homogeneousness. 

IXo-mo-ge'ue-oits.  [Ifomoge'ne* 

us:  from  Ipds, “equal,”  “same,”  and  ye.o?, 
a “kind.”]  Of  the  same  kind  or  quality 
throughout. 

Ho-niol  O'goiis.  [Komol'ogiis ; 

from  bpos,  “equal,”  “same,”  and  A oyos, 
a “discouise, ' also,  “relation,”  “ana- 
logy,” “ratio,”  or  “proportion.”]  Ap- 
plied to  things  of  the  same  essential 
nature,  however  different  in  form  or 
name,  in  different  animal  bodies.  See 
Homology. 

Homologue,  hom'o-log.  [Ilomol'- 
ogum:  from  the  same.]  A term  applied 
to  a part  of  an  animal  which  corresponds 
to  another  part  in  a different  animal,  or 
to  a different  portion  of  the  same  ani- 
mal. See  next  article. 

Mo-mol  o-gy  [Hemolo'gia:  from 
the  same],  or  Ho-mol'o-gies,  Hoc'- 
triaie  of.  That  branch  of  anatomical 
science  wThich  investigates  the  corre- 
spondence of  parts  and  of  plan  in  the 
construction  of  animals. 

1.  Special  Homology  relates  to  the 
correspondence  of  parts  in  different 
animals.  Thus,  the  wing  of  a bird  is 
the  homologue  of  the  arm  in  a man,  or 
of  the  fore-leg  of  a horse. 

2.  Serial  Homology  relates  to  the  cor- 
respondence of  parts  in  the  same  ani- 
mal. Thus,  the  wing  of  a bird  is  the 
homologue,  in  one  segment  of  its  body, 

249 


HOM 


HOR 


of  the  rej  of  the  bird  in  another  seg- 
ment. 

3.  General  Homology  relates  to  corre- 
spondencies of  parts  viewed  with  refer- 
ence to  the  ideal  archetype  of  the  verte- 
brate skeleton.  Thus,  the  arm  is  the 
diverging  appendage  of  its  segment ; the 
supra-occipital  bone  is  the  neural  spine ; 
the  ex-occipital  bone,  or  condyloid  part 
of  the  occipital  bone,  in  the  human  sub- 
ject, is  the  nenrapophysis. 

Hom-o-mor'plious.  [Homoraor  - 
|)hu§;  from  opog,  “equal,”  “same,”  and 
ftop/»7,  “form.”]  Having  the  same  form. 
See  Heteromorpiius. 

Ilo-mtmy-mou*  [from  bpo$,  “same,” 
and  ovojxa.,  a ‘’name”],  and  Ho-mo-ty'- 
pal  [see  Homotype].  These  terms  de- 
note, in  Anatomy,  a correlation  of  parts: 
the  frontal  bone  is  the  homonym  or  ho- 
motype of  the  super-occipital  bone,  the 
humerus  of  the  femur,  etc.  It  is  the 
aim  of  serial  homology  to  determine  ho- 
monymous or  homotypal  relations.  See 
Homology. 

Hoin-o-pet'a-lus.*  [From  cy/%, 

“equal,”  “same,”  and  TciraXov,  a “petal.”] 
Applied  to  flowers  in  which  the  petals 
are  alike. 

Hom-c-pHyl'liis.*  [From  bp6g, 

“equal,”  “samo,”  and  Wov,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  1 iaves  or  leaflets  all  alike. 

Ho-mop  ter- tms.  [Homop'terus ; 
from  bpog,  “equal,”  “same,”  and  irripov,  a 
“wing.”]  A term  applied  to  a section 
of  hemipterous  insects,  having  elytra 
of  the  same  consistence  throughout,  and 
almost  similar  to  the  wings. 

Ilo-anot'ro-pous,  or  Effo-mot'ro- 
pal.  [Hoinot'ropus;  from  fyioj, 
“equal,”  “same,”  and  rpeno),  to  “turn.”] 
Applied  to  the  embryo  when  it  has  the 
lame  direction  as  the  seed. 

Hom  o-type.  [Homot'ypns;  from 
bp6;,  “equal,”  “same,”  and  rvTrog,  “form,” 
or  “nature.”]  A term  employed  by 
Owen  for  a repeated  part  in  the  seg- 
ments of  the  same  skeleton. 

lEon'ey.  [Mel,  Mel'Iis.]  A sweet 
substance  collected  from  the  nectaries 
of  flowers  by  the  A' pis  Mellif'ica , or 
Honey-Bee. 

Hon'ey-Dew.  A sweetish  substance 
secreted  and  deposited  upon  the  leaves 
of  plants  by  the  Aphides , a genus  of 
small  insects  popularly  called  plant-lice. 

Iloop'er’s  Pills.  A nostrum  which 
has  been  extensively  used  as  a purgative 
and  emmenagogue.  See  JPilula:  Aloes 
et  Myrrhs. 

Hooping-Cough.  See  Pertussis. 
250 


Hop.  The  Humulus  lupulus  ; also,  the 
hractese , or  floral  leaves,  of  the  same. 
See  Humulus. 

Hopifal,  o'p&'t&l'.  The  French  term 
for  Hospital,  which  see. 

Hoijfliet,  ho'k&Z.  The  French  term 
for  “hiccup.”  See  Singultus. 

Hor-de-a'ceous.  [Hordea'ceus; 
from  hor'deum,  “barley.”]  Of  the  nature 
of  barley ; resembling  barley. 

Hor'«le-i  HMs'ti-cEni  Sem'i-na.«* 
(“Seeds  of  the  Hordeum  Distichon.”) 
See  Hordeum. 

Hor'de-i  Sem'i-na.*  (“Seeds  of 
Barley.”)  Pearl  Barley;  the  grains  of 
the  Hordeum  Distichon , or  common  bar- 
ley, deprived  of  the  husk  or  skin.  See 
Hordeum. 

Hor'de-I-for'mis.*#  [From  hor'de- 
um, “barley.”]  Formed  like  barley. 

Mor'de-sti.  [HoraHeS'ina;  from  hor'- 
deum, “barley.”]  A peculiar  substance 
found  in  barley,  allied  to  starch,  but 
constituting  a distinct  substance. 

Hor-de'o-lum.'^  [Diminutive  of 
hor'deum,  “barley.”]  A small,  highly- 
inflammatory  tumor  on  the  edge  of  the 
eyelid : popularly,  a stye. 

Mor'de-um.*  Barley.  A Linnman 
genus  of  the  class  Triandria,  natural 
order  Graminacese.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  ||  of  the  seeds  of  Hor'deum 
dis'tichon , or  barley. 

Hor'deum  Bis'tl-ehon.^  The 
French  barley -plant. 

Hor'deum  Vul-g’a're.*  The  Scotch, 
or  common,  barley-plant. 

Hore'iiound.  The  Marrubium  vul- 
gare. 

Hore'honnd  "Tea.  Prepared  by  in- 
fusing an  ounce  of  the  Marrubium  vul- 
gare,  or  white  horehound,  in  a pint  of 
boiling  water. 

KTor.  in  term.  = Hot  ri*  interme'  diis* 
“At  the  intermediate  hours”  between 
what  has  been  ordered  at  stated  times. 

Ho-ri'zon.  [From  bpifav,  the  present 
participle  of  bpifa,  to  “bound.”]  The 
great  circle  dividing  the  heavens  from 
the  earth,  and  forming  the  boundary  to 
our  sight. 

Hor-X-zon'tal.  [KTorizontta'lis.] 

Parallel  with  the  horizon:  on  a level. 

Horn'k&cndc.  A mineral  of  dark- 
green  or  black  color,  abounding  in  oxide 
of  iron  and  entering  into  the  composi- 
tion of  Severn  1 of  the  trap  rocks. 

Horn  Pock.  A name  given  by  some 
writers  to  a form  of  Variola,  in  which 
the  pimples  are  imperfectly  suppurating, 
ichorous,  or  homy,  and  semi-transparent. 


IIOR 


IIUM 


Hor'rl-dus.*  [From  hor'ror,  a 
“shivering  or  quaking  from  fear  or 
cold.”]  Shivering  with  cold.  Applied  to 
a fever,  etc. 

Hor-ri-pi-la'tion.  [Morripila'- 
tio,  ©'«?'«,*  from  hor'reo , to  “have  one’s 
hair  stand  on  end,”  to  “shiver,”  or 
“ tremble,”  and  pi'lus,  the  “hair.”]  A 
sensation  of  creeping,  or  as  if  each  hair 
were  stiff  and  erect,  in  different  parts  of 
the  body.  It  is  often  a symptom  of  the 
approach  of  fever. 

Hor'ror,  o'r/s.**  [From  hor'reo , to 
“shake  from  cold.”]  A shivering,  or 
cold  fit. 

Morse-Ches'iiut.  The  fruit  of  the 

JEs'culus  Hippocas'  tanum. 

Morse-Mint.  The  common  name  of 
the  Monar'da  puncta'ta. 

Morse-Rad 'isli.  The  common  name 
of  the  Cochlea'  ria  armora'cia. 

Hor-tic'o-Ius.*  [From  hor'tus,  a 
“garden,”  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”] 
Growing  in  a garden. 

Hor'tus  Sic'cus.*  (Literally,  a “ dry 
garden.”)  A herbarium,  or  collection  of 
dried  plants. 

Mor.  mi.  spatio  = Ho’ rue  uni' us 
spa'tio.%  “At  the  end  of  an  hour.” 

Mos'pi-tal.  [Hospita'lium ; from 
hos'pes,  a “host,*”  also,  a “guest.”] 
(Fr.  Hopital,  o'p4't&l'.)  Originally,  a 
place  for  exercising  hospitality  towards 
strangers,  or  the  sick  and  poor.  A chari- 
table establishment  for  the  relief  of  the 
sick,  and  for  their  lodgment  and  mainte- 
nance during  treatment;  an  infirmary. 

Mos'pital  Fe  ver.  [Fe'bris  Noso- 
comia'Iis.]  A fever  peculiar  to  the 
inmates  of  a hospital,  from  their  con- 
dition and  circumstances. 

Mos'pital  Gangrene.  [Gan- 
grse'na  Nosocomia'Iis.]  A severe 
and  peculiar  species  of  humid  gangrene, 
combined  with  phagedenic  ulceration  of 
a highly  infectious  nature. 

Houblon,  hoo'blbitfc'.  The  French 
term  for  the  “hop.”  See  Humulus. 

Hour-Glass  Con-trac'tiou.  An 
irregular  and  transverse  contraction  of 
the  uterus,  in  which  it  assumes  the  form 
of  an  hour-glass. 

M.  S.,  or  Mor.  som.  = Ho' rd  som'ni.% 
“Just  before  going  to  sleep.” 

Muile,  w&l.  The  French  term  for 
“oil.”  See  Oleum,  and  Oil. 

Hum'bold-tite.  A mineral  consist- 
ing of  oxalate  of  lime,  and  forming  the 
basis  of  a urinary  calculus. 

Hu-mec'tant.  [Humec'tans:  from 
humec'to,  humecta’ turn,  to  “make  moist.”] 


Rendering  moist;  moistening.  The  same 
as  Diluent. 

Mu  -mec-ta'tion.  [Humecta'tio, 

o 'nis  ; from  the  same.]  The  act  or  pro- 
cess of  making  moist. 

Mu'me-ral.  [Humera'lis ; from 
Jin' nierus,  the  “arm,”  or  “shoulder.”] 
Belonging  to  the  humerus ; brachial. 

Hu'me-rus,;i:  gen.  Hu'me-ri.  [From 
t ofxog,  the  “shoulder.”]  (Fr.  Epaulc , 
Apol'.)  Originally,  the  “shoulder.”  In 
Anatomy,  the  brachium,  or  arm  proper, 
from  the  shoulder  to  the  elbow;  also,  the 
long  bone,  or  Os  humeri  itself.  In  Orni- 
thology, the  first  portion  of  the  superior 
extremity  supporting  the  wing. 

Hume's  Test.  A test  for  arsenious 
acid,  consisting  of  the  ammonio-nitrate 
of  silver.  If  solutions  of  these  sub- 
stances be  mixed,  a yellow  arsenite  of 
silver  is  precipitated,  and  nitrate  of 
ammonia  remains  in  solution. 

Hunieur  Aqueuse,  umuii'  &'kuz'. 
The  French  term  for  Aqueous  IIumor, 
which  see. 

Mu'inic.  [Hu'micus:  from  hu'mus, 
the  “ ground.”]  Pertaining  to  the  ground, 
or  earth.  The  same  as  Geic.  Applied 
to  an  acid  found  in  earth. 

Hu'mi-fuse.  [Humifu'sus ; from 
hu'mus,  the  “ground,”  and  fu'sus, 
“ spread,”  or  “ lying  along.”]  A botanical 
term  which  signifies  “running  along  the 
surface  of  the  ground.” 

Hu'mi-lis.;|:'  [From  hu'mus,  the 
“ground.”]  Mean;  humble;  dwarfish. 
Applied  to  plants  which  grow  close  to 
the  ground. 

Mumiriacese,*  hu-me-re-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  which  are  found  in  the  tropical 
parts  of  America.  It  includes  the  Hu- 
mir'ium , which  produces  Balsam  of  Umiri, 
resembling  copaiva  in  properties. 

Hu  mor.  [Hu  mor,  o'ris.]  Moist- 
ure, or  sap.  Any  fluid  of  the  body 
other  than  the  blood. 

Humor,  Aqueous.  See  Aqueous 
Humor. 

Humor,  Vitreous.  See  Vitreous 
Humor. 

Hu'mo-ral.  [Humera'lis;  from 
hu'mor , “moisture,”  or  “humor.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  humors  of  the  body. 

Hu  moral  Pa-thol'o-gy.  A sys- 
tem in  medicine  which  attributed  all 
diseases  to  morbid  changes  in  the  humors, 
or  fluid  parts  of  the  body,  without  as- 
signing any  influence  to  the  state  of  the 
solids. 

Mu-mor'ic.  [Mumor'icus ; from 
251 


HUM 


HYD 


hu  mor,  "moisture,”  or  “humor.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  sound  produced  by  percus- 
sion on  the  stomach  when  distended 
with  air  and  fluid. 

Hn'mii-lin.  [Humuli'na.]  The  nar- 
cotic principle  of  the  Hu'mvlus  lu'pidus. 

Hu' mil -I ais.*  Hops.  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  strobiles 
of  the  Hu’midvs  lu'pidus, 

Hu'imtlns  lAijtu-lus.*  (Fr.  ffou- 
blon,  hoo'bi^N0'.)  The  systematic  name 
of  the  hop,  which  is  both  a tonic  and 
hypnotic. 

Hu'mus.*  Vegetable  mould;  woody 
fibre  in  a state  of  decay. 

Hunger.  See  Fames. 

Musk.  See  Glume,  Involucre,  and 

SlLIQUA. 

Mux 'ham's  (hux'amz)  Tinc'tiire 

of  Bark.  The  same  as  Tinctura  Cin- 
chona Composita,  which  see. 

I Iy-a-I i ' nus.*  [From  va\o$ , " glass.”] 
Transparent,  like  glass  : hy'aline. 

Mya-ll-peii'iiis.*  [From  va\o ;, 
"glass,”  and  pen'na,  a "wing.”]  The 
saui3  as  Hyalopterus. 

Myalitis,  id  is.  See  IIyaloiditis. 

My  a-lo-dec 'cry-sis.*  [FromvaX  cdr);, 
" glassy,”  and  expvais,  a "flowing  out.”] 
Escape  of  part  of  the  vitreous  body  or 
humor. 

My  -a-lo'de-o-ma-la'ei-a*  (-ma-la'- 
she-a).  [From  va\.i)6ns,  "glassy,”  and 
paX  uia,  " softness.”]  A softening  of  the 
vitreous  body. 

Hy-a-lo'de-o-mal-a-co'sts.*  The 

progress  of  hyalodeomalacia. 

Hy-a-lo'des.*  [From  raXos,  "glass.”] 
Glassy. 

My  a-loiil.  [Hyaloi'des;  from  vaXoj, 
"glass,”  and  el dog,  a "form.”]  Resem- 
bling glass ; transparent. 

Hy  aloid  Mem'brane.  [Mem- 
bra'na  Hyaloi'des.]  The  extremely 
delicate  membrane  of  the  eye  whose 
numerous  cells  contain  the  vitreous  hu- 
mor. 

Hy-a-loi-di'tis,  idis*  [From  hya- 
loi'dts , " hyaloid.'  ] Inflammation  of 
the  hyaloid  membrane. 

fly-a-lop'te-rus.*  [From  va\og, 
"glass,”  and  n rk^oj,  a "wing.”]  A term 
applied  to  insects  having  transparent 
wings  : hyalop'terous. 

Hy-a-lo-sper'inus.*  [From  vaXoj, 
" glass,”  and  <nr fp/ia,  a " seed.”]  Having 
transparent  seeds:  hyalosper'mous. 

Hy-ber-nac'ii-lum.*  [From  hy- 
ber'nu , "winter  quarters/’  or  a "winter- 
ing place.”]  An  organic  body  which 
springs  from  the  surfaco  of  a plant,  in 
252 


order  to  protect  the  new  shoot  which  it 
encases  from  injury. 

Hy-ber'iaal.  [Hyber'ims ; from 
liyber'no,  hyberna'tum,  to  "winter.”] 
Belonging  to  winter. 

My ' ber-nat-ing.  [My  ber 'nans ; 

from  the  same.]  Passing  the  winter. 

My-ber-na'tiou.  [From  the  same.] 
The  state  of  torpor  or  winter-sleep  pe- 
culiar to  certain  animals. 

Hy  brid.  [Hyb'rida,  or  My'bris, 
idos  ; from  v3pi$,  “ mongrel.”]  (Fr.  J let  is, 
ina'tes'.)  The  offspring  of  two  different 
species  of  animals  or  plants.  As  an  ad- 
jective it  signifies  "mongrel.” 

Mydartbrosis.  See  Hydrarthrosis. 

Mydartbrus.  See  IIydrarthrus. 

Hy-daiid.  [Hyd'atis,  id  is  ; from 
vbariq,  a "vesicle”  (from  vdi op,  "water”).] 
A small  vesicular  tumor,  containing  a 
watery  fluid ; also,  a genus  of  the  Ento- 
zoa,  formed  of  a membrane  containing  a 
water-like  fluid.  See  Aquula. 

Mydatidodes.  See  Hydatidosus. 

My-dat-i-do-ides.*  [From  hyd'atis, 
a "hydatid,”  and  cldo g,  a "form.”]  Re- 
sembling a hydatid. 

Ily-dat-i-do'ma,  a/As.*  [From  hyd'- 
atis, a "hydatid.”]  A tumor  containing 
hydatids. 

Hy-dat-i-do'sis.*  [From  hyd’atis, 
a "vesicle,”  or  "hydatid.”]  The  for- 
mation of  hydatidoma. 

My-dat-i-do'sus.*  [From  hyd'atis, 
a "vesicle,”  or  "hydatid.”]  Having,  or 
full  of,  hydatids. 

My-dat-i-for'cnis.*  [From  hyd’atis , 
a "vesicle,”  or  "hydatid.”]  Having 
the  appearance  of  a hydatid : hydat'i- 
form. 

Hyd-a-tig'e-nus.*  [From  vdarig,  a 
"vesicle,”  and  yew,  to  "be  born.”]  Pro- 
ceeding from  a hydatid. 

Hyd  -a-to-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  vdwp, 
"water,”  and  yzvto tg,  "origin,”  "birth.”] 
A term  for  the  formation  of  water,  or  of 
a watery  fluid,  in  the  body. 

f lyd-a^ton'cus.*  [From  vScop,  "water,” 
and  oyxog,  a " tumor.”]  A watery  swell- 
ing. 

Myderoncus.  Sec  IIydatoncus. 

My  de-ros,*  or  Myde-rus.*  [From 
vScjp,  " water.”]  Literally,  " water-flux.” 
A name  given  by  the  Greeks  to  diabetes. 

My'dra.*  [From  v6iop,  "water.”]  A 
polypus,  destitute  of  brain,  viscera,  or 
lungs,  found  in  brooks  and  pools  in  tem- 
perate countries. 

Hy-drav'id.  [Hydra^'idiu  *,  from 
vdcjp,  "water,”  and  at/idunt,  an  "acid.”] 
Applied  to  acids  containing  hydrogen. 


II  YD 


HYD 


Hy'dra-de-ni'tis,  idis*  [From  hy '- 
draden , a “lymphatic  gland.”]  Inflam- 
mation of  a lymphatic  gland.  See  Lym- 
phadenitis. 

Hy-drse'ma,*  or  My-drse'mi-a.* 

[From  vdu)f),  ‘‘water/’  anti  aipix,  “ blood.”] 
A state  of  the  blood  in  which  the  serum 
is  transparent,  with  a small  quantity  of 
coloring  matter. 

Hy 'd  ra-gogne.  [Hy  d rag©  ; 

from  v6(op,  “water,”  and  uyeu,  to  “bring 
or  drive  away.”]  Applied  to  medicines 
which  increase  the  secretions,  and  so 
tend  to  remove  water  from  the  system. 

Hydrangeaeese/  h i - dr  an  -j  e -a'  sh  e-  e . 
[From  Hydra n ye' a,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs, 
found  in  China,  Japan,  and  America. 

Hy -d  ran  -ge-  i ' tis.  idis*  [From 
hydrangi'  on , a “lymphatic  vessel”  (from 
v'dojp,  “water,”  or  “lymph,”  and  ayyeiov, 
a “vessel”).]  Inflammation  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

My-dran-gi-o-gra'pM-a.*  [From 
hydrangi' on , a “lymphatic  vessel,”  and 
ypu0a>,  to  “ write.”]  A term  for  a descrip- 
tion of  the  lymphatic  vessels,  their  situa- 
tion, function,  etc. 

My-dran-gi-o-t©'imS-a.*  [F  rom 

hydrangi' onf  a “lymphatic  vessel,”  and 
7zp;a),  to  “cut.”J  Dissection  of  the 
lymphatic  vessels. 

My-ilrar'gy-ri  IM-«*JBl©'r5-diini.* 

The  Mercurius  sublimatus  corrosivus,  or 
corrosive  sublimate.  See  IIydrargyri 
Ohloridum  Corrosivum. 

Mydrar'gyri  ■CfiiSo'ri-dum.*  The 
submuriate  of  mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
GYRI  CHLORIDUM  MlTE. 

Mydrar'gyri  Cfiilo'ridum  Cor-ro- 
si'vnBBi.*  (“Corrosive  Chloride  of  Mer- 
cury.”) Corrosive  sublimate.  A sub- 
stance occurring  in  colorless  crystals,  or 
crystalline  masses,  which  are  fusible  by 
heat,  sublime  without  residue,  and  are 
entirely  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and 
ether.  Except  in  very  minute  doses, 
corrosive  sublimate,  if  taken  internally, 
is  a dangerous  poison.  It  is  sometimes 
applied  externally,  as  a stimulant  and 
escharotic,  to  indolent  or  malignant 
ulcers.  Albumen  forms  an  insoluble 
and  comparatively  harmless  compound 
with  corrosive  sublimate.  Hence,  in 
cases  of  poisoning  from  this  substance, 
the  white  of  eggs  beaten  up  with  water 
affords  an  excellent  antidote.  In  case 
eggs  cannot  be  procured,  copious  draughts 
of  milk,  or  wheat  flour  mixed  with  water, 
may  be  substituted.  See  Poisons. 

Mydrar'gyri  Clilo'rMnm  Mi'te.* 
22* 


(“Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury.”)  Tlifr 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the. 
substance  popularly  known  as  Calomel 
It  occurs  in  the  form  of  a white  powder, 
which  is  tasteless  and  inodorous,  wholly 
volatilizable  by  heat,  and  insoluble  in 
water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  Calomel  is 
esteemed  the  most  valuable  of  all  mer- 
curial preparations.  In  minute  doses  it  is 
an  excellent  alterative;  in  larger  ones  it 
is  a purgative  and  anthelmintic.  It  pos* 
sesses  this  great  advantage,  that  in  small 
doses  it  is  not  liable  to  be  rejected  by 
the  most  irritable  stomach.  But  unhap- 
pily, like  other  mercurials,  it  acts  un- 
equally on  different  constitutions;  so 
that  the  prudent  physician  will  always 
be  on  his  guard  against  salivation 
and  other  more  serious  results  from  its 
too  free  use, — more  especially  if  he  be 
not  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  con- 
stitutional peculiarities  of  his  patient. 
Even  a very  moderate  and  cautious  ex- 
hibition of  this  remedy  has  sometimes 
been  followed  by  the  most  terrible  and 
fatal  effects. 

Mydrar'gyri  £y-an'i-dum*  (“  Cy- 
anide of  Mercury”),  otherwise  called 

Mydrar'gyri  £y-an-u-re'tiim*  (U.S. 
Ph.,  1850).  A substance  occurring  in 
white  prismatic  crystals  wholly  soluble 
in  water.  It  is  an  active  poison,  but  it 
is  sometimes  given  in  very  minute  doses 
in  syphilitic  complaints. 

Mydrar'gyri  I-©d'i-duin  Ru'- 
bruin.*  (“  Red  Iodide  of  Mercury.”) 
A red  powder,  which  becomes  yellow 
when  heated,  and  red  again  when  cold. 
It  is  wholly  volatilized  by  heat.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water,  but  is  dissolved  by 
boiling  alcohol.  The  red  iodide  of  mer- 
cury is  a powerful  and  irritant  poison. 
It  is  high'y  recommended,  in  very  mi- 
nute doses,  as  a remedy  in  rheumatism 
dependent  on  syphilitic  taint. 

Mydrar'gyri  lod'idmn  V5r'i-de* 
(“  Green  Iodide  of  Mercury”),  otherwise 
called  Mydrar'gyri  lod  idum*  (U.S. 
Ph.,  1850).  A greenish-yellow  powder, 
which  becomes  red  when  heated.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Its 
properties  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
preceding  preparation,  but  it  is  less 
active. 

Mydrar'gyri  Ox'i-dum  Rn- 
brain.*  (“Red  Oxide  of  Mercury.”) 
Red  Precipitate.  An  orange-red  pow  der, 
entirely  soluble  in  muriatic  acid.  When 
heated,  it  gives  off  oxygen.  As  an  ex- 
ternal application  it  is  used  in  the  form 
of  ointment  and  in  powder. 


253 


HYD 


HYD 


Hydrar'gyri  Swb-wm'rS-as.* 

(“Submuriate  of  Mercury.”)  See  Hy- 
BRARGYRI  CHLORIDUM  MlTE. 

Mydrar'gyri  Sul'pflias  Fla'va* 
(“  Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mercury”),  other- 
wise called  My  {liras* 'g-yri  Sail' pBias 
Fla'vas*  (U.S.  Ph.,  1850).  Turpeth 
mineral.  A lemon-yellow  powder,  spa- 
ringly soluble  in  water.  It  is  entirely 
dissipated  by  heat.  It  is  used  as  an 
alterative,  emetic,  and  errhine. 

My  cl  rar  'gyri  Siii-pEi  11-re'tum 
Wi'gruan.*  (“Black  Sulphuret  of  Mer- 
cury.”) See  iErmops  Mineral. 

Mydrar  gyri  Siilphiirc  fimi  Rm'» 
brum.*  (“  lied  Sulphuret  of  Mercuiy.”) 
Cin'nabar.  A substance  occurring  in 
brilliant  crystalline  masses  of  a deep- 
red  color  and  fibrous  texture.  It  is 
entirely  volatilized  by  heat. 

Mydrargys*i  Unguentum.  See 
Unguentum  Hydrargyri. 

I ly-d rar-gy r 'i-a.*  [From  hydrar- 
gyrum, “ mercury.”]  An  erythematous 
redness  sometimes  produced  by  an  over- 
use of  mercury;  also  applied  to  any 
morbid  effects  arising  from  its  abuse  as  a 
medicine. 

My-drar-£;y-ri'a-sis.*  [From  vfyap- 
y'>po g,  “mercury.”]  The  effect  arising 
from  the  administration  of  mercury  ; 
inercurialism.  See  Hydrargyrosis. 

My-drar-gyr'ie.  [Mydrargyr'i- 
cus.J  Belonging  to  hydrargyrum,  or 
mercury. 

Mydrargyris.  See  Hydrargyria. 

My-drar-gy.ro'sis.*  The  same  as 
Hydrargyriasis,  which  see. 

My-drar'gy-rum,*  gen.  My-drar'- 
gy-ri.  [From  v tup,  “ water,”  or  “ liquid,” 
and  apyvpog,  “silver.”]  (Fr.  Jfercure, 
m^R'kiin',  or  Vi/  Argent,  v£f  aR'zhoN0'.) 
Literally,  “liquid  silver.”  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  ||  for  quicksilver,  or  mer- 
cury. See  Mercury. 

Hydrargyrum  Am-mo-ua-a'- 
fcuiu.*  (“Ammoniated  Mercury.”) 
White  Precipitate.  A substance  occur- 
ring in  white  powder,  or  pulverulent 
masses,  decomposed  and  entirely  dissi- 
pated by  a strong  heat,  insoluble  in 
water  and  alcohol,  but  dissolved  without 
effervescence  by  muriatic  acid.  It  is 
used  in  medicine  only  as  an  external 
application. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  Cre'ta.* 

(“  Mercury  with  Chalk.”)  A mixture 
composed  of  three  parts  of  mercury  and 
five  of  chalk;  used  as  a mild  mercurial 
alterative  for  children. 

Myd-rar-tbro'.sis.*  The  morbid 
264 


diathesis  indicated  by  the  occurrence  of 

hydrarthrus. 

My-drar'thrus.*  [From  vdup, 
“water,”  and  apOpor,  a “joint.”]  The 
disease  white-swelling ; sometimes  called 
Spina  Vcntosa.  A genus  of  the  order 
Tumor es,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

My-dras'ti§.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the  Hy- 
drastis Canadensis. 

My'drate.  [Hy'dras,  a ’tis;  from 
vSa )p,  “ water.”]  A combination  of  water 
with  an  oxide : a hydro-oxide. 

My'drat-ed.  [Ilydra'tus;  from 
hy’dras,  a “hydrate.”]  Applied  to  sub- 
stances combined  with  water. 

My-drau'flic.  [Hydraul'icus ; 

from  v5(op,  “ water,”  and  avXucog,  “ belong- 
ing to  a pipe.”]  Belonging  to  the  con- 
veyance of  water  through  pipes. 

My-drau'flics.  [Mydraul'ica ; 
from  the  same.]  The  art  of  constructing 
engines  to  convey  or  raise  water  through 
pipes  ; a branch  of  hydrodynamics.  That 
branch  of  Natural  Philosophy  which 
treats  of  the  motions  of  liquids,  and  the 
laws  by  which  they  are  regulated. 

My-dren-sejpH-a-fli'tis,  idis*  [From 
hydrenceph' alas.]  Hydrocephalus,  with 
inflammation. 

My-drcin-^e-plBal'o-^ele.^  [From 

v3(op,  “water,” and  encephaV ocele,  “tumor 
of  the  h ad.”]  Hydrocephalic  tumor,  or 
hernia. 

My -dren-^eph 'a-lus. [From  v6cop, 
“ water,”  and  iyictyaXog,  “ within  the 
head.”]  Water  in  the  head.  The  same 

as  hydrocephalus. 

My-dirl'o-date.  [Mydrio'das. 

a ’tis.]  A combination  of  hydriodic  acid 
with  a base. 

My-dra-od'ic.  [Mydriod'icws  ? 

from  vScop,  “water,”  and  iod’inum, 
“ iodine.”]  Belonging  to  water  and 
iodine.  Applied  to  ah  acid. 

My-dro-a'ri-um.*  [From  vdcop, 
“water,”  and  t odpior,  an  “ovule,”  the 
“ ovary”?]  Dropsy  of  the  ovary. 

I2y-dro-bro'mate.  [Mydrobro'- 
inas,  a'Us.]  A combination  of  hydro- 
bromic  acid  with  a base. 

My-d ro-broui  ic.  [Iflydrobrom'* 
teas.]  Belonging  to  a combination  of 
hydrogen  and  bromine.  Applied  to  an 
acid. 

Hy-d  ro-car 'bo-uatc.  [Myd  ro- 

carbo'nas.  »'<£«.  ] A combination  of  a 
carbonate  with  a hydrate,  or  of  a carbo- 
nate and  water. 

IBy-dro-car'bu-ret.  [Mydrocar- 


HYD 


HYD 


bure'tum.]  A combination  of  hydrogen 
and  carbon  with  another  body. 

Hy-dro-cau'lis.*  [From  vdiop, 
“ water/’  and  cau'lis,  a “ stem.”]  Applied 
to  a knotty  stem  with  sheathed  leaves, 
which  float  on  the  water. 

My'dro-^ele.*  [From  wtap,  “ water,” 
and  Kr\\r\ , a “tumor.”]  Dropsy  of  the 
testicle.  Water,  or  other  fluid,  in  the 
membranes  of  the  scrotum,  the  coats  of 
the  testicle,  or  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
spermatic  cord.  A genus  of  the  order 
Iniumescentise,  class  Cachexix,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

My'dro-^e-mo'sis.*  [From  vdiop, 
“water,”  and  Kenocng,  an  “evacuation.”] 
An  evacuation  of  water,  as  in  dropsy, 
either  by  paracentesis,  or  hydragogue 
medicines. 

Mydroc^pEaale.  See  Hydroceph- 
alus. 

IHIy'dro-^e-pBtal'i-ciis.*  Belonging 
to  hydrocephalus. 

Mydr©cepfinalitis.  See  IIydren- 

CEPIIALITIS. 

Fly'  dr©  - a - lo  - ?en  - te'sis.* 

[From  hydroceph'alus,  and  KtvTpaig,  a 
“puncturing.”]  The  operation  of  punc- 
turing the  head  in  hydrocephalus. 

My-dr©-«?eg>Bii'a-fl©id.  [Hydro- 

cejDihaloi'des ; from  hydroceph'alus , 
and  zldog,  a “ form.”]  Resembling  hy- 
drocephalus. 

IIy-dr©-$epfla'a-]his.*  [From  vdiop, 
“ water,”  and  Kzipa\r\,  the  “ head.”] 
(Fr.  Hydrocephale , 6'dROvsAf&l'.)  Lite- 
rally, “ water  in  the  head.”  Dropsy  of 
the  brain.  A genus  of  the  order  Intn- 
mescentise,  class  Cachexise , of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Mydr©c3aaridaceae,:;:  hi-dro-kar-i- 
da'she-e.  [From  Hydroch'  aris,  one  of 
the  genera.]  A natural  order  of  en- 
dogenous aquatic  plants,  natives  of  fresh 
water,  in  Europe,  India,  and  North 
America.  It  includes  the  Vallisneria 
spiralis. 

MydrocBiarMes,*  hi-dro-kar'e-dez. 
The  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  order 
of  plants.  See  Hydrocharidaceas. 

Ily-d  B*©-€Bal© ' rate.  [My  drocSil© 
ras,  a'^'s.]  A combination  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  with  a base. 

My-dro-elalo'ric.  [MydrocSil©'- 
ricus.]  Belonging  to  hydrogen  or 
chlorine.  Applied  to  an  acid  formerly 
termed  muriatic  acid. 

My-dro-eBilo'rsne.  [Mydroctilo- 
ri'na.]  A compound  of  hydrogen  and 
chlorine. 

My-dro-ehol-e-sys'tis,  \dis%  [From 


vdiop,  “water,”  *0X17,  “bile,”  and  kv (mg.  a 
“bag.”]  Dropsy  of  the  gall-bladder. 

IGy-d  ro-e  Dsol-e-^y  s- 1 i ' tls,  idis.% 
[From  hydrocholecys  tis.]  Dropsy  of  the 
gall-bladder,  with  inflammation. 

Ily-clro-^ir'so-^ele.*  [From  vdiop, 
“ water,”  Kipoog,  a “ varix,”  and  *07X17,  a 
“tumor.”]  Hydrocele,  with  varicose 
veins,  of  the  spermatic  cord. 

My-dro-^oe'li-a.*  [From  vdiop, 
“water,”  and  Koi\ia,  the  “belly.”]  The 
same  as  Ascites,  which  see. 

Hy-dro-cor'mus.:i:  [FromvAop,  “wa- 
ter,” and  Koppog,  a “trunk.”]  A stem  or 
stalk  that  is  horizontal,  and  floats  on 
the  water. 

My-dro-ora'iti-a.*  [From  vdiop, 

“water,”  and  icpavior,  the  “head.”]  The 
same  as  Hydrocephalus,  which  see. 

Hy-dro-^y'a-nate.  [ISydrocy'- 
anas,  a'<»*.]  A combination  of  hydro- 
cyanic acid  with  a base. 

My  d r©^*y-an ' ic.  [ My <1  roey a n 
ieus.J  Belonging  to  hydrogen  and  cyan- 
ogen. Applied  to  an  acid  also  termed 
cyanic. 

Hy-dro-^ys'tis,  i dis.%  [From  vdiop, 
“water,”  and  kvo rig,  a “vesicle.”]  A 
hydatid  or  hy'drocyst. 

I3y-(5r«-(ier'ma,  a tis.%  [From  vdiop, 
“ water,”  and  dippa,  the  “ skin.”]  The 
same  as  Anasarca,  which  see. 

Ily-dro'des.*  [From  vdiop,  “ water.”] 
Full  of  water:  hy'drous. 

My-dro-dy-nam'ic.  [Hydrody- 
laam'icus;  from  vdiop,  “water,”  and 
dvvapig,  “power.”]  Belonging  to  the 
power  of  water,  or  other  fluids. 

My-dro-dy-nani'ics.  [Ifydrody- 
nam'ica:  from  the  same.]  The  science 
which  applies  the  principles  of  dynamics 
to  determine  the  conditions  of  motion  or 
rest  in  fluid  bodies.  It  is  usually  divided 
into  two  branches,  hydrostatics  and  hy- 
draulics.— (Brande.) 

My-droe-de'naa,  [From  vdiop, 

“water,”  and  oidhpa,  a “swelling.”] 
Watery  oedema. 

Mydroenceplialiis.  See  Hydren- 
cephalus. 

Hy-dro-fla'ate.  [Mydroriuas, 

a'tis.]  A combination  of  hydrofluoric 
acid  with  a base. 

Hy-ds*o-fln-or'ic.  [Hydrofluor- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  hydrogen  and  flu- 
orine. Applied  to  an  acid,  also  termed 
fluoric. 

My  dro-gen.  [Mydrog“e'nium ; 

from  vdiop,  “water,”  and  yewaio,  to  “pro- 
duce.”] (Fr.  Hydrogene,  &'diio'zhen  .) 
The  lightest  ascertained  substance ; a 
255 


HYD 


HYD 


gas  forming  one  of  the  constituents  of 
water ; iniiammable  air. 

My  'dro-gen-at-ed.  [Hydrogen- 
tVtns.j  Having  hydrogen  in  combina- 
tion. 

Hydrogen©.  The  French  term  for 
Hyd  rogen,  which  see. 

Efy-dir©-§r©-iiif'e-rous.  [Mydroge- 

ii  if  'eras;  from  hydroge'nium,  " hydro- 
gen,” aud  fe'ro,  to  "bear.”]  Containing 
hydrogen. 

My-drog/no-sy.  [Hydrogaso'sia ; 

from  v5ojp,  " water/’  and  yrurng,  " know- 
ledge.”] A history  of  the  waters  of  the 
terrestrial  globe. 

Hy-dro^'ra-p5iy.  [Hydrogra'- 
I>laia;  from  vScop, u water,”  and  ypaH wo,  to 
" write.”]  A description  of  the  waters 
distributed  on  the  earth’s  surface,  parti- 
cularly with  reference  to  the  course  and 
magnitude  of  rivers,  the  bearings  of  the 
coasts,  the  depths,  currents,  and  other 
circumstances  required  to  be  known  for 
the  purposes  of  navigation. 

ffly-dro-Iise'mi-a.*  [From  v6 cop,  " wa- 
ter,” and  alpa,  "blood.”]  Wateriness,  or 
a poor  state,  of  the  blood:  hydrohe'my. 

Hy-dro-lwein'ic,  or  Hy-dro- 
liem'ic.  [HydroSisem'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  hydrohsemia , or  an  impover- 
ished condition  of  the  blood. 

IIy-dro-3iys'te-ra.*  [From  vScop, 
" water,”  and  verrspa,  the  "womb.”]  The 
same  as  Hydrometra. 

Hy-drol'o-gy.  [Mydrolo'gia ; 
from  vSc op,  "water,”  and  Aoyoj,  a "dis- 
course.”] The  science  which  treats  of 
water,  its  properties,  uses,  etc. 

My-dr©-m»'na-a.*  [From  vScop, 
" water,”  and  pavia,  " madness.”]  A rage 
for  water. 

Hy'dro-mel.  [Hydrom'eli;  from 
vS-op,  "welter,”  and  ps\i,  "honey.”]  Wa- 
ter impregnated  with  honey. 

Ily-diro-aien-m-gi'tis,  id  is.* 

[From  vSpcop,  "dropsy,”  and  meningVtis .] 
Dropsy  complicated  with  inflammation 
of  the  membranes  of  the  braiu.  See 
Meningitis. 

Hy-dram'e-ter.  [Hydronn'e- 

tram:  from  v5u >p,  "water,”  and  pi rpo.>,  a 
"measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  specific  gravity  of  fluids. 
See  Areometer. 

My-dro-aflie'tra.*  [From  vtycop. 
" dropsy,”  and  pnrpa,  the  "womb.”] 
Dropsy  of  the  uterus , or  womb.  A genus 
of  the  order  Intumescentm , class  Cachexisp, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

My-drom'plia-Um,*  or  lly-drom'- 
plia-lum.*  [From  vSpcoip, " dropsy,”  and 
256 


dp'pa\6g,  the  "navel.”]  A tumor  of  the 
umbilicus,  containing  water. 

My-drou'e-phros,*  or  Hy-dron'e- 
ptirws.*  [From  vSpcoip,  "dropsy,”  and 
vtypo;,  the  "kidney.”]  Dropsy  of  the 
kidney. 

Hy-dro-ne-phro'sis.$  The  progress 

of  hydronephrus. 

My-dron'o-sos,*  or  My-dron'o- 

sus.*  [From  vS up,  "water,”  and  voaog, 
"disease.”]  Water-disease,*  dropsy.  In- 
correctly put  for  the  Anglicus  Sudor,  or 
sweating  sickness. 

Hy-dro-patti ' ic.  [Mydropath  'i- 

cus.j  Belonging  to  hydropathy. 

fly-drop  a-ttiy.  [Hydropathi'a ; 

from  vScop,  “ water,”  and  nuOog,  " disease.”] 
A system  of  treating  diseases  by  the 
plentiful  use,  internal  and  external,  of 
water,  mostly  cold  or  tepid. 

Hy-d  ro-pe-de  'sis.*  [From  vScop, 
"water,”  and  nriSaco,  to  "spring  or  rush 
forth.”]  Excessive  perspiration. 

Hy-dro-pel-tid'e-ae.*  [From  Hy- 
dropel’tis,  a name  of  one  of  the  genera 
(from  vScop,  "water,”  and  n&rr],  a "kind 
of  small  shield,”  because  the  leaves  are 
shaped  like  a shield).]  A synonym  of  a 
natural  order  of  aquatic  plants,  called 
"Water-shields.”  See  Cabombaceje. 

Hy-dro-per i-car'di-um.**  [From 
vSpcoip,  " dropsy,”  and  pericardium.] 
Dropsy  of  the  pericardium. 

Hy-dro-i>er*i-to*iiae'um.s  [From 
vcptoip,  "dropsy,”  and  peritoneum.]  The 
same  as  Ascites. 

My'dro-pfiiane.  [From  xdcop,  "wa- 
ter,” and  (paivupcu,  to  "appear.”]  A 
variety  of  opal  which  becomes  transpa- 
rent, when  immersed  in  pure  water. 

fly-dro-plii-mo'sis.*  [From  i k'op, 
"water,”  and  <pipcxri$,  a "constriction.”] 
Phimosis  with,  or  consequent  upon, 
oedema  of  the  prepuce. 

My-d  ro-  pli  o ' bi-a . * [From  vScop, 
" water,”  and  cpoicco,  to  "fear;”  bccauso  a 
dread  or  horror  of  water  is  one  of  its 
symptoms.]  (Fr.  Rage,  r&/,h.)  Mad- 
ness caused  by  the  bite  of  a rabid  dog, 
or  other  animal.  A genus  of  the  order 
Spasmi , class  Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. See  Lyssa,  and  Rabies. 

Hy-dro-pSiob'k.  [Hydrophob'- 
icus.  ] Belonging  to  hydrophobia. 

Hy-d  roplh-t  hal  ' may  • [E3y  d roph- 
thal'mia;  from  vSpuf^,  "dropsy,”  and 
6[>0a\p6 the  " eye.”]  Dropsy  of  the  eye : 
also,  anasarcous  swelling  of  the  eyelid; 
Ocufua  Elephantinu8. 

Hydropliyllaceae/*  hi-dro-fil  -la'- 
she-e.  [From  Hydrophyl'lum,  one  of  the 


II  YD 


IIYD 


genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  mostly  natives  of  America. 

Hy-dro-pliyl'le-tis.*  [From  vSwp, 
“ water/’  and  (pvWov,  a “ leaf.”]  Applied 
in  the  plural  feminine  [Hydrophyl- less)  to 
a family  of  plants,  having  for  their  type 
the  Hydrophyllum. 

HywJro-phys'o-^ele.^  [From  viwp, 
“ water,”  (pvaa,  “flatus,”  and  a 

“tumor.”]  Hernia,  the  sac  of  which 
contains  fluid  and  air. 

My-dro-plhys-o-me'tra.-  [From 
v dojp,  “water,”  $wa,  “flatus,”  and  pf]rpa, 
the  “womb.”]  Accumulation  of  serum 
and  gas  in  the  womb. 

My ' d ro-ph  y t© . [Hyclropla'ytom ; 
from  vdup,  “ water,”  and  (frordu,  a “ plant.”] 
A plant  which  grows  in  water. 

Iffy  ■<!  ro-ptiy-tog* ' ra-phy.  [Ely- 
dropHiytog'ra'pliia ; from  hydroph'y- 
ton , a “hydrophyte,”  and  ypu0o>,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  Hydrophyta, 
or  water-plants. 

My-dro-pBiy-fol'o-gy.  [Kydro- 

pliytolo'gfifti;  from  hydroph'yton,  a 
“hydrophyte,”  and  Aoyo?,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  water-plants. 

Hy-drpp'ic.  [Lat.  Iffy  drop' lews; 
Fr.  Hydropique , &'dRo'pek'.]  Belonging 
to  hydrops , or  dropsy. 

Hydropisie.  See  Hydrops. 

Hy'dro-pneu'mo-tBiio'rax.*  The 
complication  of  pneumo-thorax  with 
dropsical  effusion. 

Hy-d ro-po-i 'deS/  [From  vdpwif, 
“dropsy,”  and  eUoi,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling dropsy. 

My 'drops, -gen.  Hy-ilro'pis.  [Gr. 

vdpojip,  from  vScjp,  “water;”  Fr.  Hydropi- 
sie,  &'dRo'p£'z£'.]  The  dropsy.  An  un- 
natural or  morbid  collection  of  serous 
fluid  in  the  cellular  tissue,  or  in  any  of 
the  cavities  of  the  body.  When  this 
fluid  is  diffused  through  the  entire  cel- 
lular tissue  of  the  body,  the  disease  is 
termed  General  Dropsy,  or  Anasarca  ; 
if  contained  in  the  abdomen,  it  is 
called  Ascites;  if  in  the  head,  Hydro- 
cephalus,—of  which  a notice  will  be 
found  in  their  alphabetical  places. 

Ily 'drops  Ar-tic'u-li.*  Dropsy  of 
a joint;  generally  occurring  in  that  of 
the  knee,  in  which  the  synovial  mem- 
brane is  filled  with  a fluid  less  glairy, 
and  thinner,  than  the  natural  synovia. 

My 'drops  Sne'ews.*  (“Dry  Drop- 
sy.”) An  absurd  term  for  tympanites. 

Mydropyretus.  See  Hydronosus. 

My-dror'cHiis.*  [From  vcVnp,  “wa- 
ter,” and  opxtg,  a “testicle.”]  Dropsy  of 
the  testicle. 


Hy-dror-rlta-chi  tis,  idis*  or  Iffy- 
dror'rlia-clifls.*  [From  tidwp,  “ water,” 
and  the  “vertebral  column.”] 

Dropsy  of  the  spine.  A genus  of  the 
order  Intumescentise , class  Cache  aim,  of 
Cullen’s  Nosology.  See  Riiachiociiysis. 

Hy-dro-sar'ea.*  [From  vicop,  “wa- 
ter,” and  <ra p£,  “flesh.”]  The  same  a» 
Anasarca. 

Hy-dros'ta-sfis.-  [From  fdwp,  “wa^ 
ter,”  and  araciq,  a “standing.”]  The 
equilibrium,  weight,  or  pressure  of  wa- 
ter, or  liquid  bodies. 

IB y-dB*©-stal'ie.  [Iffydrostat  ictis  ; 
from  vdup,  “water,”  and  GrariKrj,  the 
“science  of  weights.”]  Belonging  to 
the  weight,  pressure,  or  equilibrium  of 
liquid  bodies. 

Mydrostat'ie  Kcd.  Otherwise  called 
a Water  Bed.  A kind  of  bed  or  trough, 
capable  of  holding  water,  and  covered 
with  water-proof  cloth;  or  a bed-tick 
made  of  water-proof  cloth  and  filled  with 
water.  The  great  advantage  of  such  a 
bed  is  that  it  presses  equally  on  every 
part  of  the  lower  surface  of  the  body; 
and  it  is  always  ready  for  use  without 
being  shaken  up. 

Hydrostatic  Test.  The  putting 
the  lungs  of  a dead  child  in  water,  to 
ascertain,  by  their  foaling  or  sinking , 
whether  it  has  been  born  alive. 

My-rtro-stat'ics.  [Iff ydrostat'ica ; 
from  the  same.]  That  science  which 
explains  the  properties  of  the  equilibrium 
and  pressure  of  liquids. 

Iffy-dro-suTplm-ret.  [Ilydrosul- 
phure'tiim;  from  v dwp,  “water,”  and 
sul'phur .]  A combination  of  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  with  a base. 

Hy-dro-swl-phw'ric  A^'id.  Sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas. 

My-dro-tlto'rax,  a 'c/s.*  [From 
vSwp,  “water,”  and  0 /a£,  the  “chest.”] 
(Fr.  Hydropisie  de  Poiirine,  e'dRo'pe'z^' 
deh  pw&'tnen'.)  Dropsy  of  the  chest. 
A genus  of  the  order  Intumescentise,  class 
Cachexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Hydrous.  See  Hydrodes. 

Hydrovarium.  See  Hydroarittm. 

Uy-dro-zo  on ,*  Iff y-d r o-z© ' si ni 
[From  v6(np,  “water.”  and  <wov,  an  “ani- 
mal.”] Applied  in  the  plural  (Hydro- 
zo'a)  to  certain  animals,  including  the 
Moll u sea  and  Zoophyta,  to  which  water 
•is  indispensable. 

Hy'dne-ret.  [Hydrnre'tirim  from 

vtup,  “water.”]  A combination  of  hy- 
drogen with  a metal,  or  inflammable 
substance. 

My-dru-ret'ted.  [Mydrnre'tus; 

257 


HYE 


HYO 


from  o<W.  “ water/’]  Containing  hydro- 
gen. 

fiIy-e4o-gTa'j)lii-«a.*  [From  verog, 
“rain,”  and  ypu^w,  to  “write.”]  An 
account  or  description  of  rain,  and  the 
quantity  fallen  within  a given  period. 

My-e-tom'e-ter.  [Hyetorn'etrum ; 
from  verog , “rain,”  and  perpov,  a “mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  for  ascertaining 
the  quantity  of  rain  that  falls  in  a given 
period. 

Hy-ge'ia,*  or  Hy-£i-e'ia.*  [Gr. 

'Yy'uia,  “health;”  also,  the  goddess  of 
Health ; from  vyii “ sound,”  “healthy.”] 
See  Hygiene. 

Hy-gl-as'ti-ca.*  [From  hygias'ticus , 
“relating  to  health.”]  The  science  of 
health,  its  conditions  and  relations. 

My-gl-as'ti-cus.*  [From  vy'ieia, 
“health.”]  Relating  to  health. 

Hy-gi-el-o-co ' mi-um.;::  [From 

vyieia,  “health,”  and  Kopico,  to  “take 
care  of.”  ] A house  or  residence  for  the 
convalescent. 

My'gl-ene.  [From  vy'ieia,  “health.”] 
That  department  of  medicine  which  has 
for  its  direct  object  the  preservation  of 
health,  or  the  prevention  of  disease. 

Hy-gi-en'ic.  [Lat.  Mygien'icws; 
Fr.  Hygienique , 6'zhe-An£k'.]  Belong- 
ing to  hygiene. 

Hy-gl-ol'o-gy,  or  My-ge-ol'o-gy. 
[Hygeiolo'gia,  or  Mygieiolo'gia ; 

from  vyieia,  “health,”  and  Xoyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  or  consideration 
of  health;  the  science  of  health. 

Hy-gre-elie'iita,  a tis.%  [From  vypog, 
“moist,”  and  fati,  a “sound.”]  The 
sound  of  fluid  heard  by  means  of  the 
stethoscope,  or  by  percussion. 

Hy-grol'o-gy.  [Hygrolo'gia;  from 
vypog,  “ moist,”  and  Xoyog,  a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  fluids,  or  humors. 

Hy-gro'ma,  a tis.*  [From  vypog, 
“moist.”]  A tumor  containing  serum 
or  other  fluid,  not  pus. 

My-groma-tous.  [Ifygromato'- 
sus.]  Having  hygroma. 

My-grom'e-ter.  [Hygrom'e- 

truin  ; from  vypdg , “ moist,”  and  perpov, 
a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  degree  of  moisture  in  atmo- 
spheric air. 

lly-gro-met'ric.  [Iffygromet'ri- 

cas.]  Belonging  to  hygrometry. 

Ify-gToni'e-trjr.  [Hygromet'ria; 

from  vypog , “moist,”  and  perpeio,  to  “mea- 
sure.”] The  art  of  measuring  or  ascer- 
taining the  degree  of  moisture  in  atmo- 
spheric air. 

My'gro-scope.  £j»rom  « moist,” 
258 


and  owTfa),  to  “observe,”  or  “examine.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  de- 
gree of  moisture  in  the  air,  or  in  any 
substance;  nearly  synonymous  with  Hy- 
grometer. 

Hy-gro-sco-pi^'i-ty.  [Hygrosco- 

pi^'itas,  a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  The 
property  by  which  vegetable  tissues  ab- 
sorb or  discharge  moisture  according  to 
circumstances. 

Hy-gros'c«*py.  [Hygrosco'jpaa; 

from  the  same.]  Synonymous  with  Hy- 
grometry. 

Hy-log-no'si-a.*  [From  v\rj,  “ma- 
terial,” or  “matter,”  and  yvuxng,  “know- 
ledge.”] A knowledge  of  the  properties 
of  matter. 

Hy-lol'o-gy.  [Hylolo'gia;  from 
ijXj7,  “material,”  or  “matter,”  and  Xoyog, 
a “discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  science 
of  matter. 

JHy'men,*  gen.  Hy'men-is.  [From 
vpfp >,  a “ thin  membrane.”]  Any  mem- 
brane. Usually  applied  to  a thin  mem- 
brane, of  a circular,  semilunar,  or  irregu- 
lar form,  extending  across  the  vagina  at 
its  entrance. 

Hy-men'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  the 
hymen  : hymen'ic. 

Hy-me-iii'tis,  i die.*  [From  hy'men, 
a “membrane.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
hymen. 

Ily-me'iii-iim.*  [From  hy'men,  a 
“membrane.”]  The  dilated  exposed 
membrane  of  gymnocarpous  mushrooms 
in  which  the  seed  is  contained. 

Hy-me-nogra-phy.  [Hymeno- 
gra'pHiia;  from  vpr\v,  a “membrane,” 
and  yp'i0w,  to  “ write.”]  A description 
of  the  membranes  of  animal  bodies. 

Hy-me-nol'o-gy.  [Hymenolo'- 
gia;  from  vprjv,  a “membrane,”  and  X<5- 
yog,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
membranes;  the  science  of  the  mem- 
branes. 

Uyme-no-mada'ci-a-  (-ma-la'- 
she-a).  [From  vpiiv,  a “membrane,”  and 
paXaKog,  “soft.”]  Morbid  softening  of 
the  (serous)  membranes. 

IIy-me-nog>'tcr-©MH.  [Hyinenop- 
terms;  from  vpnv,  a “membrane,”  and 
iTTipov,  a “wing.”]  Having  membranous 
wings.  Applied  in  theneuterplural  {Hyme- 
nop’tera)  to  an  order  of  insects  including 
the  bee,  the  wasp,  and  also  the  ant. 

Ily-uie-not'o-iiiy.  [Ilyiiieiioto- 
inia:  from  vpnv,  a “membrane,”  and  rip  iw, 
to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  membranes. 

iiy  '©-.  A prefix  denoting  connection 
with  the  off  hyoid  eft. 

Ily-o-glos'sus.*  [From  hy'o -,  and 


HYO 


HYP 


yXcuo-o-a.  the  “tongue.”]  A large  muscle 
of  the  neck,  connecting  the  Os  hy aides 
with  the  tongue. 

My'oid.  [Hyoi'des ; from  v,  a 
Greek  letter, and  ei6og,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling the  Greek  letter  v. 

Ily-os-^y'a-tni  Fo'li-um  or  Fo'- 

H-a.*  (“  Henbane  Leaf  or  Leaves.”)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Pli.)  for  the 
leaves  of  the  Hyoscy'amus  ni'yer . See 
Hyoscyamus. 

I3yosey'ami  Se'mcn.ii:  (“Henbane 
Seed.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  seed  of  the  Iiyoscy' amus 
ni'yer. 

Hy-os-^y'a-min.  A vegetable  al- 
kali obtained  from  Hyoscyamus  niger. 

Hy-os-^y'a-mus.*  [From  vs,  a 
“sow,”  and  svapog,  a “bean.”]  (Fr.  Jus- 
quiame,  zhiis'ke-im'.)  A Linnsean  genus 
of  the  class  Pent  and  ria,  natural  order 
Solanacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Brit.  Pharm.)  for  the  fresh  and 
dried  stalk-leaves  of  Hyoscyamus  niger ; 
the  Hyoscyami  Folia  et  Semina  (“Leaves 
and  Seeds  of  Hyoscyamus”)  of  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia.  Hyoscyamus 
(including  both  leaves  and  seed)  is 
a narcotic,  and  is  much  used  as  an 
anodyne  and  soporific.  It  possesses 
this  great  advantage  over  opium,  that 
it  has  no  tendency  to  constipate  the 
bowels. 

Hyoscy'amus  Ni'ger.*  The  black 
henbane. 

Hyp-.  [From  vnd,  “under.”]  A pre- 
fix denoting  a slight  degree. 

Hyp-al'gl-a.*  [From  hyp-,  and  «X- 
yog,  “pain.”]  Slight  pain. 

Hyi»-al'gi-cus.  :‘  Belonging  to  hyp- 
algia:  hypal'gic. 

Hyper  (vnep).  A Greek  preposition 
signifying  “above,”  “beyond,”  and, 
hence,  “excessive”  (i.e.  implying  excess); 
as,  hyper-carbonate,  a carbonate  with  an 
excess  of  carbonic  acid,  now  called  a bi- 
carbonate; hypercatharsis,  excessive  ca- 
tharsis or  purging,  etc. 

ffy-per-a-cu'sfls.*  [From  inep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  two  w?,  “hear- 
ing.”] Morbid  exaltation  of  the  sense 
of  h aring. 

ffly’per-ad  e-uo'raa,  a tis*  [From 
vnep,  “over,”  “excessive,”  and  ain'iv,  a 
“gland.”]  An  enlarged,  or  hypertro- 
phied, gland. 

My'per-ad'e-no'sis.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  progress,  or  gradual  ad- 
vancing, of  hyperadenoma. 

Hy-per-aeiiM-a.^  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”] 


(Fr.  Ilypirimie,  ^'pA,'rd,'m6'.)  Excess  of 
blood  in  any  part. 

My-per-srs-tiie'sis.*  [From  bnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  sesthe'sis , 
“ sensibility.”]  Morbid  increase  of  sensi- 
bility. 

My-per-aes-thet'i-cus.*  Belonging 

to  hyper sesthesis  : hyperesthet'ic. 

liy-per-a'plii-a.*  [From  vnep, 

“over,”  “excessive,”  and  cupt,  “touch,” 
or  “tact.”]  Over-tension,  or  excessive 
sensibility  of  touch. 

Hy-per-aph'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 
hyperaphia : hyperaph'ic. 

Hy-per-as-the'nl-a.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  asthe'nia,  “loss 
of  strength.”]  Excessive  debility. 

Hy-per-as-tBieu  i-cus.*  Belonging 
to  hyperasthenia. 

1 1 y -per-l>o  re-an.  [ Myperbo ' re- 
us; from  vnep,  “above,”  or  “beyond,” 
and  fiopeag,  the  “north  wind.”]  Dwell- 
ing in  the  Tar  northern  parts  of  the 
globe. 

Hy-per-ca-thar'sis.*  [From  vn ip, 
“over,”  or  “excessive,”  and  cathar'sis, 
“purgation.”]  Excessive  purging. 

1 1 y-per-ca- tiiar ' ti-cus.;;:  Belonging 
to  hyper  catharsis : hypercathar'tic. 

ISy-per-ci-ne'sis.*  Increased  irri- 
tability of  the  muscles,  producing  spasm. 

Hy-per'cri-sls.*  A crisis  of  un- 
usual severity. 

lly-per-cro'max,  a'cfs.*  [From 
vnep,  “over,”  “on,”  and  sp  pa£,  a “heap 
of  stones,”  also  a “lump.”]  The  small 
carnosity  on  the  white  of  the  eye. 

Hy-per-?y-e'ma,  a tis*  or  Hy-per- 
$y-e'sis.*  [From  vnep,  “over,”  “ex- 
cessive,” and  Kvncig,  “uterine  gestation.”] 
Superfcetation. 

IIy-per-£y-et  i-cus.*  Belonging  to 

hypercyesis. 

Hy-per-dy-na'mi-a.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  an&dyna'mia,  “vital 
force.”]  Excessive  dynamia,  or  vital 
force. 

My-per-dy-nam'I-cus.*  Belonging 
to  hyperdynamia:  hyperdynam'ic. 

My-per-em' e-sis.*  [From  vnep, 
“ over,”  “ excessive,”  and  em'esis,  “ vomit- 
ing.”] Excessive  vomiting. 

Ilyper-e-met'ic.  [Hyperemet'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  hyperemesis. 

Myperemie.  See  Hyperemia. 

My-  per-en  'er-gy  • [My  pei’cncr'* 
gia;  from  bnep,  “over,”  “excessive,” 
and  ivepysia , “ action.”]  Increased  action 
or  energy. 

My-per-gen 'e-sis.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  yevw,  to  “be 
259 


HYP 


HYP 


born.”]  A congenital  excess,  or  redun- 
dancy of  parts. 

Ily-per-g'e-net'ic.  [Hypergenet'- 
icu.s.J  Belonging  to  hypergenesis. 

Ilyperbsemia.  See  Hyperemia. 

My  -per-Iii-clro'sis.*  [From  Up  eg, 
“ sweat.”]  A term  applied  by  Swediaur 
to  morbidly  profuse  perspiration.  It  is 
also  termed  Ephidrosis. 

My-per'I-ca,*  the  plural  of  Hyper'- 
icam.  forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a 
natural  order  of  plants.  See  Hyperi- 
CACE.E. 

Mypericaeeae,*  hi-per-e-ka'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  world. 
It  includes  the  Hyper' icum  (St.  Johns- 
wort).  Some  of  the  species  are  astrin- 
gent, and  are  used  as  tonics. 

Hy-per-i-no'sis.*  [From  vnep, 
“ o ver,”  “ excessive,”  and  t?,  ivog,  the  “ fibre 
of  flesh.”]  A form  of  diseased  blood, 
consisting  in  excess  of  fibrin. 

Ily-per-i-not'ic.  [Kypermot'i- 
cns.]  Belonging  to  hyperinosis. 

My-per-ner'vi-a,*  Hy-per-neu'- 
ri-a.*  [From  vnep,  “over,”  “excessive,” 
and  vcvpov,  a “nerve.”]  Excessive  ner- 
vous action. 

Hy-per-op'si-a.*  [Fromwi-fp,  “over,” 
and  oipig,  “vision.”]  Extremely  acute 
vision. 

My-per-os'mi-a.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  oopri,  “odor.”] 
A keen  sense  of  smell,  or  excessive  odor. 

Hy-per-os-pfiire'sis.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “ excessive,”  and  oacpprjmg,  the 
“faculty  of  smelling.”]  A morbidly 
acute  sense  of  smell.  See  Hyperosmia. 

My-per-os-to'sis.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  or  “excessive,”  and  onreov,  a 
“bone.”]  Enlargement  of  a bone,  or  its 
membranous  covering. 

Hy-per-pla'si-a.*  [From  vnep, 
“over,”  “excessive,”  and  n\dmg , “for- 
mation,” or  “ structure.”]  The  increase 
of  a part  by  an  increase  in  the  number 
of  its  individual  structural  elements. 
See  Hypertrophy. 

Ily-per-tropb'ic.  [Hypertropla'- 
leus.]  Belonging  to  hypertrophy. 

Hy-per'tro-ptiy-  [My  pert  ro'- 

pliia;  from  vnep,  “over,”  or  “excessive,” 
and  rpetpo),  to  “nourish.”]  Excessive 
growth,  thickening,  or  enlargement  of 
any  organ.  In  a more  restricted  sense, 
it  signifies  the  increase  of  a part  by  the 
increase  in  bulk  of  its  individual  structu- 
ral elements.  See  Hyperplasia. 

Hy-plia*' ma,  ntis.%  [From  otto,  “un- 
der,” and  alpa,  “blood.”]  Sugillation. 

200 


Myp-I-no'sis.*  [From  wo,  “under,” 
implying  deficiency,  and  ig,  ivog,  the  “ fibre 
of  flesh.”]  A form  of  diseased  blood, 
consisting  in  deficiency  of  fibrin. 

Hyp-i-not  ic.  [Hypinot 'iews.] 

Belonging  to  hypinosis. 

ISyp-nses-tlie'sis.*  [From  vnvog, 
“sleep,”  and  aliaOnoig,  “sense,”  or  “feel- 
ing.”] Dulled  sensibility;  drowsi- 
ness. 

Myp'ni-ciis.*  [From  vnvog,  “sleep.”] 
Belonging  to  sleep:  hypnic.  Applied 
in  the  neuter  plural  {Hyp' nica)  to  medi- 
cines or  agents  affecting  sleep,  either  by 
inducing  it  or  preventing  it. 

Hyp-no  des.5  [From  vnvog,  “sleep.”] 
Sleepy,  or  full  of  sleep. 

Hyp-no  di-a.5  [From  hypno'des , 
“sleepy.”]  The  same  as  Hypnaisthe- 
sis,  which  see. 

Hyp-nol'o-gy.  [Mypnolo'gia ; 

from  vnvog,  “sleep,”  and  A oyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  or  science  of 
sleep,  its  proper  periods  of  indulgence, 
duration,  regulation,  etc. 

Hyp-not'ic.  [Hypnot'icus;  from 
vnvog,  “sleep.”]  Having  power  to  induce 
sleep;  somniferous. 

llypno-tisni.  [Mypnotis'mus ; 

from  vnvog,  “sleep.”]  A term  denoting  a 
state  of  sleep;  sometimes  used  for  Mes- 
merism. 

II  yp-no-ty' pirns.*  [From  vnvog , 
“sleep,”  and  ty'p/ius.]  Typhus,  with 
morbid  drowsiness. 

Ufy'po  (vno).  A Greek  particle  signi- 
fying “under,”  “beneath,”  sometimes 
“in,”  or  “behind.”  It  often  implies 
diminution  or  deficiency. 

Ilyp-o-ae'ma  Seor-buti-eum* 
[From  vno,  “under,”  “in,”  or  “within,” 
and  alpa,  “blood.”]  A scorbutic,  blood- 
shot appearance  of  the  eye. 

Myp-o-braiieh'i-al.  [ifypobran- 
chia'lis;  from  vn6,  “under,”  and  Ppdy-. 
\ia,  the  “gills.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to 
the  homologues  of  the  lateral  lingual 
bones  in  fishes,  etc. 

llypooalyoius,*  hip'o-ka-lish'e-us. 
[From  vt6,  “under,”  and  ca'lyx.]  Situ- 
ated under  the  calyx. 

Ilyp-o-ca-tliar'sis.*  [From  vno, 
“under,”  and  Kadaipw,  to  “purge.”]  A 
slight  purging. 

Ilyp-o-ehon'clri-a,  the  plural  of 

Hypochondrium,  which  see. 

Ilyp-o-ehon  dri-ac.  [ If y poclion- 

dri'acus:  from  vn6,  “under,”  and  \ov- 
?p6g,  a “cartilage.”]  (Fr.  Hypocond  ri- 
aque,  6'po'k6N°'dRe'Ak'.)  Belonging  to 
the  hypochondria , or  spaces  beneath  tlio 


HYP 


HYP 


cartilages  of  the  false  ribs.  Applied  to 
one  affected  with  hypochondriasis . 

H y p-o- f lton-d **i  [Ifyi)°- 

clioiMlriacis'mus;  from  hypochon'dri- 
tm. ] Hypochondriac  disease. 

HyP"0-el»on-dri^-sis.i:  [From 

hypochon' drium,  the  supposed  seat  of 
the  disease.]  (Fr.  Hypocondrie,  6'po'- 
k<W»'dii£'.)  Vapors ; low  spirits.  A genus 
of  the  order  A dynamise,  class  Neuroses, 
of  Cullen^s  Nosology.  Hypochondriasis 
is  almost  invariably  connected  with  dys- 
pepsia, and  is  doubtless  often  produced 
by  it;  though  some  physiologists  consider 
the  seat  of  the  disease  to  be  in  the  brain. 

1 1 y jj-o-cSi  o n<  8 r I-ti  ill  ,i:  plural  Hyp- 
©-4*lBOii'clri-a.  [From  vno,  “ under/’  and 
Xovdpos,  a “ cartilage.”]  The  Regio  hypo- 
chondriaca,  or  space  beneath  the  carti- 
lages of  the  false  ribs  on  either  side. 

Hypocondrie.  See  Hypochon- 
driasis. 

Myp-o-era-t£r'i-lorm.  The  same 
as  Hypocraterimorphous. 

Hyp- o-  era  - ter  - I - ntor ' phous. 

[From  vnoKparripiov,  the  “support  of  a bowl 
or  cup/’  a “salver,”  and  popeph,  “form.”] 
Salver-shaped  : applied  to  flowers. 

Hyp-o-der'niic.  [Hypoder 'mi- 
ens; from  vno,  “under,”  and  iie/pa,  the 
“ skin.”]  A term  for  the  application  of 
medicines  under  the  skin ; that  is,  to  the 
denuded  surface  after  the  skin  has  been 
removed  by  a blister. 

Hyp-©g'a-la.*  [From  wd,  “under,” 
“in,”  or  “within,”  and  ydXa,  “milk.”] 
The  effusion  of  a milk-like  fluid  into  the 
chambers  of  the  eye. 

Ilyp-o-g-as-tral'gi-a.*  [From  hypo- 
gas' trium,  and  a\yos,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  hypogastrium. 

Hyp-©-gas'tric.  [Hypogas'tri- 
ctis.]  Belonging  to  the  hypogastrium . 

Sffypogos'tric  Plex'us.  A plexus 
on  the  sides  and  back  part  of  the  rec- 
tum, and  lower  and  back  part  of  the 
bladder,  formed  by  the  inferior  mesen- 
teric plexus  with  the  sacral. 

Myp-o-gas-tri-o-to'mi-a.*  [From 
hypogas' trium,  and  repreo,  to  “ cut.”] 
Dissection  of  the  hypogastric  region. 

Hyp-o-gas-tri'tis,  idis.%  [From  vno, 
“under,”  and  gastri'tis,  “inflammation 
of  the  stomach.”]  Slight  inflammation 
of  the  stomach. 

Hyp-o-gas'trl-wm.*  [From  vno, 
“under,”  and  yaorfip,  the  “stomach.”] 
The  abdominal  space  above  the  pubes 
and  below  the  line  of  the  anterior  supe- 
rior spinous  processes  of  the  iliac  bones. 

Hyp-o-gas'tro-^ele.*  [From  vno, 
23 


“under,”  yaorfip , the  “stomach,”  and 
sriXrj,  a “ tumor.”]  Hernia  in  the  hypo- 
gastric region. 

Hy  p-o-gas-tror-rlia'gi-a.*  [From 

vno,  “under,”  “in  a slight  degree,” 
and  gastrorrha' gia .]  Literally,  a “ slight 
discharge  [of  any  kind]  from  the  sto- 
mach,” but  usually  applied  to  a slight 
haemorrhage  from  the  stomach. 

My  p-o-gas- 1 ror-r  h ex  'is.*  [From 
hypogas' trium,  and  pri%ig,  a “rupture.”] 
ltupture  of  the  abdomen,  with  laceration 
of  the  peritonaeum. 

IS  y p-o-gas- 1 ror-r  lice  'a. * [From 

vn6,  “under,”  “in  a slight  degree,” 
and  gastrorrhoe'a,  a “discharge  from  the 
stomach.”]  A slight  flow  of  mucus  from 
the  stomach. 

Ilyp-c-ge'an.  [Ilypoge'tis;  from 
vno,  “ under,”  and  ye ),  or  yea,  the  “earth.”] 
Applied  to  cotyledons  which,  filled  with 
nutritious  matter,  remain  below  the 
ground  during  germination. 

Hyp-o-ge-o-ear'pus.*  [From  vno , 
“under,”  yfj,  or  yea,  the  “earth,”  and 
sapnos,  “fruit.”]  Having  fruit  under  the 
surface  of  the  earth. 

Hyp-e-glos'sal.  [Hypoglcs'sus; 
from  the  same.]  Situated  on  the  under 
part  of  the  tongue. 

Ilyp-o-glos'si-tim,*  or  Hypo- 
g'los'sis,  i dis*  [From  vn6,  “under,”  and 
yXdiooa,  the  “tongue.”]  The  under-sur- 
face of  the  tongue.  See  Par  Nonum. 

Hyp-o-glot'tis,  i dis.%  [From  vno, 
“under,”  and  yXcorra,  the  “tongue.”] 
The  inferior  part  of  the  tongue  adhering 
to  the  lower  jaw. 

Hyp-o-gyn'i-cus.*  [From  vno, 
“under,”  and  ywh,  a “woman,”  or  “fe- 
male.”] Applied  to  the  insertion  of 
stamens,  petals,  etc.,  when  the  point  of 
attachment  is  under  the  ovary : hypo- 
gynic. 

Hyp-ogy-nous.  [Mypcg'ynos; 

from  the  same.]  Growing  or  inserted 
under  the  pistil,  and  free,  as  the  stamens, 
calyx,  and  corolla  of  some  plants. 

Hyp-o-tise'nii-a.*  [From  vno,  “un- 
der,” and  alpa,  “blood.”]  Deficiency  or 
loss  of  blood. 

Hyp-o-lisem'ic.  [If  ypdisem'i- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  hypohsemia. 

Hyp-o-ner'vha/  or  Hyp-o-neii'- 
ri-a.**  [From  vno,  “under,”  and  vexyov , 
a “nerve.”]  Morbidly  slight,  or  dimin- 
ished, nervous  power. 

Hy-po-ni'trite.  [Hyponi'tris, 

i'tis.]  A combination  of  hyponitrous 
acid  with  a base. 

Hyp-o-pe-ta'le-us.* 


[From  vno, 
261 


HYP 


HYS 


“ under,”  and  ireraXov,  a “ petal/']  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  feminine  ( Bypopeta '- 
lese ) to  dicotyledonous,  polypetalous 
plants,  in  which  the  stamens  are  hyp- 
bgynous. 

My-p«*pSn®s'pS3ite.  [Hypoplios'- 

pliis,  i'tis.]  A combination  of  hypo- 
phosphorous  acid  with  a base. 

[IlypopSiyl'- 
lns;  from  wo,  “ under/’  and  </>uAAoy,  a 
“leaf.”]  Growing  on  the  lower  side  of 
a leaf. 

IIyp-o'py-nn».:;:'  [From  xm 6,  “ un- 
der,” and  7 iw,  “pus.”]  An  accumula- 
tion of  a puriform  fluid  under  the  cornea, 
or  in  either  chamber  of  the  eye. 

ITyp-o-spa'clI-a.*  [From  wro,  “ un- 
der,^ ” and  to  “tap,”  or  “open”?] 

An  unnatural  perforation  of  the  penis, 
the  extremity  of  the  urethra  terminating 
on  the  under  part  of  it. 

Hyp-o-spa-di  a-sis.  [From  hypo- 
spa' dia .]  The  state  of  hypospadia. 

Hyp-o-sta-min 'e-iis. i:  [From  hy'po-, 
“under,”  and  sta'men.]  Applied  in  the 
plural  feminine  (Hypo  startlin'  ex)  to  dico- 
tyledonous, apetalous  plants,  in  which 
the  stamens  are  hypogynous. 

Hyp-os'ta-sis.^  [From  v'piarrjpu,  to 
“throw  down.”]  The  subsidence  of 
sediment  in  liquids,  or  of  blood  in  the 
body  after  death,  by  gravitation  of  the 
fluids;  but,  more  particularly,  of  the 
urine  in  health  and  disease. 

Ilyji-os-tlie'ni-a.*  [From  vko, 

“under,”  and  atisvog,  “strength.”]  A 
state  of  weakness,  or  a reduction  of 
strength. 

Slyp-os-then'ic.  [Hyposthen'i- 
Cus.J  Belonging  to  hyposthenia. 

lly-po-snl'paiate.  [Myposul'- 

plfoas,  a'/?'*.]  A combination  of  hypo- 
sulphuric  acid  with  a base. 

Ily-po-stiB'pIiIte.  A combination 
of  hyposulphurous  acid  with  a base. 

Hy-pot/e-iiuse,  or  Hy-poth'e- 
mise.  [Gr.  vaortivo  >o-a,  the  present  par- 
ticiple feminine  of  vroreivto,  to  “ subtend.”] 
That  side  of  a right-angled  triangle 
which  subtends  the  right  angle. 

Iffyp-o-tyan'pa-nic.  [ Hypotym- 
p;m  ecus:  from  vn6 , “under,”  and  tym- 
pan'icus , “tympanic.”]  Applied  by 
Owen  to  the  inferior  subdivision  of  the 
tympanic  pedie’e  which  supports  the 
mandible  in  fishes. 

My-po-aso'i-cus.*  [From  vrr6,  “un- 
der,” and  t wo',  an  “animal.”]  Applied 
to  an  order  of  rock  formations,  inferior 
to  all  those  in  which  arc  found  the  traces 
of  organic  bodies. 

262 


Hyp-si-Io-i'deS.*  [From  T,  “upsi- 
lon,”  a Greek  letter,  and  ddog,  a “form.”] 
The  same  as  Hyoides. 

Myp-so-met  ri-eal.  [Hypsomet'* 
ricus.J  Belonging  to  hypsometry. 

Hyp^om'e-try.  [Hypsometric; 
from  vxpog,  “height,”  and  pterpeio,  to  “mea- 
sure.”] The  art  of  measuring  the  rela- 
tive height  of  a place,  or  of  a portion  of 
terrestrial  ground. 

Hys'so-pin.  [Hyssopr'na;  from 

hysso'pus,  the  “hyssop-plant.”]  A sali- 
fiable base,  said  to  have  been  discovered 
in  the  hyssop. 

H$Ts'te-ra.*  [From  varepa , the 

“womb,”  or  “uterus.”]  The  uterus,  or 
womb;  also,  the  vulva. 

Hys-te-ral'gie.  [Hysteral'gieus.] 
Belonging  to  hysteralyia . 

Hys-te-ral'gy.  [Hysteral'gia; 
from  varepa,  the  “womb,”  and  oA yog, 
“pain.”]  Pain  in  the  womb,  from 
whatever  cause. 

Mys-te-ran'dri-tis.*  [From  varepa , 
the  “ womb,”  or  “ovary,”  and  arf/p,  arepog, 
a “man,”  or  “male.”]  Having  stamens 
and  ovary.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
(Hysteran'dria)  to  a class  of  a modified 
sexual  system,  which  comprehends 
plants  having  more  than  ten  stamens 
inserted  in  one  ovary. 

Mys-ter-a-tre'sl-a.r*  [From  varepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  atre'sia,  “ occlusion.’  ] 
Occlusion  of  the  womb,  or  an  impervious 
c nditl  n of  its  opening. 

Ifys-ter-el-co'sis.*  [From  varepa, 
the  “ womb,” and fAraj,  an  “ulcer.”]  Ulcer- 
ation of  the  womb. 

ISys-tor-eni-phy-se'ma,  a tisJ* 

[From  varepa,  the  “womb,”  and  eniphy - 
8e'ma,  a “ windy  swelling.”]  The  . ame 
as  Physometra,  or  the  presence  of  aik  in 
the  womb. 

Ifys-te'ri-a.*  [From  varepa,  the 
“womb.”]  (Fr.  Hysteric,  ^s'ti'r^'.)  Hys- 
terics, attacking  in  paroxysms  or  fits, 
usually  preceded  by  dejection,  anxict}7, 
tears,  difficult  breathing,  sickness,  and 
palpitation  of  the  heart.  Termed^  also, 
Pas'sio  hystr/ica  (Fr.  Passion  hysterique, 
] jVse-AN°'  £s’t&'rek').  A genus  of  the 
order  Spasmi,  class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen  s 
Nosology. 

Hys-it^rl-eal,  Ifys-t£r'ic.  [ICys- 

Belonging  to  hysteria. 

Myst^rJe.  Sec  Hysteria. 

My*-te-ri'4im,  i dis.®  [From  varepa , 
the  “womb.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
womb.  A genus  of  the  order  Phleyma- 
sise,  class  Pyrerix.  of  Cullen’s  Nosology* 
See  Metritis,  and  Uteritis. 


HYS 


IAT 


H^s'te-r«-car '^i-no'ina,  a tis* 

[From  wrepa,  the  “ womb/’  and  card - 
uo'ma,  “ cancer.”]  Cancer  of  the  womb. 
See  Metrocarcinoma. 

Ilys'te-ro-cat'a-lep'sis.*  [From 
wrepa,  the  “ womb/’  and  catalep' sis,  “ cata- 
lepsy.”] Cataleptic  hysteria. 

Ilys'te-ro-^ele.*  [From  wrepa,  the 
“womb,”  and  Kf/Xrj,  a “tumor.”]  Her- 
nia, in  which  the  uterus , or  womb,  is 
protruded. 

Ilys-te-ro-coll-ca.-  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  coVica,  “colic.”] 
Pains  in  the  womb,  like  those  of  colic: 
uterine  colic. 

Hys-te-ro-dyn'I-a.*  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  olvvrj,  “pain.”]  Pain 
of  the  womb.  The  same  as  Hyster- 

ALGIA. 

Iffys'tc-roe-cle'flma,  a tis.*  [From 
wrepa , the  “womb,”  and  cede'ma,  a 
“swelling.”]  Enlargement  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  womb. 

Hys'  te-ro-li-t  h i'a-sis.*  [From 
irrepa,  the  “womb,”  and  lithi'asis,  the 
“generation  of  calculus.”]  The  forma- 
tion of  calculus  in  the  womb. 

Hy  s-te-rol ' I-tli us.*  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  X'tOog,  a “stone.”] 
Stone  or  calculus  in  the  womb : a hys- 
terolith. 

Hys-te-rol'o-gy.  [Hysterolo'gia ; 

from  wrepa,  the  “womb,”  and  Xoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  womb, 
its  functions,  etc. 

llyste-ro-mal-a^co'ma,  a tis.* 

[From  wrepa,  the  “womb,”  and  paXa/cog, 
“soft.”]  Softening  of  the  womb. 

ISys^e-ro-mal-a-co'sis.*  The  for- 
mation or  progress  of  liysteromalacoma, 
or  softening  of  the  womb. 

Hys  ' te-ro-ma ' ni-a.*  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  pavia,  “madness.”] 
Another  term  for  Furor  uterinus,  or 
Nymphomania,  which  see. 


Hys-te«rom'e-ter.  [If  ysterom  'e- 
trum;  from  wrepa,  the  “womb,”  and 
perftor,  a “ measure.”]  An  instrument  or 
means  of  ascertaining  the  size  of  the 
uterus,  or  womb. 

Ilys  -te  - roph  ' y-tal.  [From  wrepa , 
the  “womb,”  or  “matrix,”  and  <pvr6v,  a 
“ plant.”}  Living  on  a matrix  either  of 
dead  or  living  organic  matter.  Applied 
to  Fungi. 

Hys'te-ro-phyte.  [From  the  same.] 
A name  for  a fungus. 

I2yste-r©r-rlia'&i-a.*  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  a nd  pfiywpi,  to  “bui  st  forth.”] 
The  same  as  Metrorrhagia. 

II ys  te-ror-r hex'is.*  [From  wrepa , 
the  “womb,”  and  pr/fa,  a “rupture.”] 
Rupture  of  the  uterus , or  womb. 

Ilys'te-ror-rhoe'a.*  [From  wrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  pew,  to  “flow.”]  The 
same  as  Metrorrhoca. 

IXys  te-ro-scir'rlms.*'  [From  v are- 
pa,  the  “womb,”  and  aictfpos,  a “hard  tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus,  or  incipient  cancer,  of 
the  womb. 

Myste-ro-spasimis.'*  [From  wre- 
pa,  the  “womb,”  and  anaapog,  a “convul- 
sion.”] Spavin  of  the  uterus,  or  wtmbj 
also,  hysterical  spasm. 

Hys'te-ro-tome.  [IFysterot'o- 

inus;  from  wrepa,  the  “w<mb,”  and 
repi/w,  to  “cut.”]  An  instilment  for 
dividing  the  neck  of  the  womb. 

Hys-te-rot'o-my.  [Hysterct©'- 
mia;  from  the  same.]  The  Cscsarcan 
operation,  or  cutting  into  the  womb  to 
extract  the  child,  in  cases  w here,  from 
malformation,  or  other  cause,  natural 
delivery  is  impracticable.  See  Caesarean 
Operation. 

lEystriasis.  See  Hystriciasis. 

IIys-tri-£i'a-sis.*  [From  varpig,  a 
“hedge-hog.”]  A rare  disease  of  the 
hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect  like  the 
spines  or  prickles  of  the  hedge-hog. 


I 

I-am-a-tol'o-gy.  [Samatolo'gaa: 

from  lapa,  a “remedy,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  That  branch  of  thera- 
peutics which  treats  of  remedies. 

I-at-ra-lip'tic  Meth'od.  [From 
ia'tro-,  and  dXa0w,  to  “anoint.”]  The 
application  of  medicines  to  the  skin, 
aided  by  friction. 

I-a-treu-s©-l©'gi-a.*  [From  iarpevw, 
to  “cure,”  and  Xoyog,  a “discourse.”]  A 
term  applied  to  general  therapeutics. 


I-a-tiri'a.*  [Or.  iarptia : from  larpog,  a 
“physician.”]  The  art  of  healing,  or 
curing;  also,  a cure. 

latr©-.  A prefix  signifying  connec- 
tion with  the  healing  art. 

I-a-trol'a-gy.  [latrolo'gia;  from 
iatro-,  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”]  A 
treatise  on  medicine,  or  on  physicians; 
also,  the  science  of  medicine,  or  the  heal- 
ing art. 

fiatropha.  See  Jatropha. 

263 


IAT 


ICT 


latrophate.  The  same  as  Jatro- 

PHATE. 

-Ic.  A terminal  syllable,  generally 
denoting  that  acid  compound  which  has 
most  oxygen, — as  nitric,  sulphuric,  etc., 
which  are  thus  distinguished  from  those 
ending  in  - ous , such  as  nitrous,  sulphurous, 
etc.,  implying  a smaller  proportion  of 
oxygen. 

Ice.  See  Glacies. 

Ice  Poul'tlce.  A bladder  contain- 
ing pounded  ice,  to  be  applied  to  hernial 
tumors. 

Iceland  Moss.  The  Li'chen  Islan'- 
dicns,  or  Cetra'ria  Islan'dica. 

Iceland  Spar.  One  of  the  purest 
varieties  of  calcareous  spar,  or  crystal- 
lized carbonate  of  lime. 

I'clior,  o'r is.-;:‘  [From  iX''p,  “ serum, ” 
or  “pus.”]  A thin  aqueous  and  acrid 
discharge  from  a wound,  sore,  or  diseased 
surface. 

Idi-or-ae'mi-a,*  or  Ich-or-Bue- 
im-a.*  [From  P,  “pus,  or  sanious 
fluid,”  and  aipa,  “blood.”]  A term  de- 
noting the  poisoning  of  the  blood  from 
the  absorption  of  sanious  matter. 

Icli-o-ro-i'deS.*  [From  ix''P,  “serum,” 
or  “pus,”  and  elSog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling ichor,  or  pus. 

Ich 'o-rous.  [Idioro'sus;  from 
i'chor,  “serum,”  or  “pus.”]  Having 
ichor;  of  the  nature  of  ichor. 

Icli-thy-i  'tes.*  [From/\;0uj,  a “fish,” 
and  At  do;,  a “stone.”]  The  same  as 
ICHTHYOLITE. 

IcJi-tSiy'ius.*  [From  ix&vg,  a “fish,” 
and  id;,  “poison.”]  The  same  as  Ich- 

THYOTOXICUM. 

Icli-tliy-o-cal'la.*  [From  ix^v;,  a 
“fish,”  and  koAAu,  “glue.”]  Isinglass; 
fish-glue.  The  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  swimming  bladder  of 
the  Acipenser  Huso. 

Ich-tli^-ojy'ra-pliy.  [IclitSiyo- 
gra'pliia;  from  ixdvg,  a “fish,”  and 
ypd'l>(i),  to  “write.”]  A description  of 
fishes. 

Icli-thy-o-i'defc.*  [From  ixdvg,  a 
“ fish,”  and  ei6o;,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
a fish ; ichthyoid. 

Iclilhy-o-lite.  [IcSitiiyol'ites; 

from  ixfli 5;,  a “fish,”  and  A 160;,  a “stone.”] 
Applied  to  petrified  fish,  or  their  fossil 
remains. 

Icli-thy-o-lo^l-cal.  [IclitBiyo- 

lo&'icns.]  Belonging  to  Ichthyology. 
Ich-thy-ol'o-&y.  [Iclitliyolo'gia ; 

from  ixOv;,  a “ fish,”  and  \dyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  nature  and 
habits  of  fishes;  also,  the  science  which 
264 


treats  of  fishes,  their  classification,  struc- 
ture, etc. 

Ich-thy-eph'a-gous.  [Iclittiy- 

©pii'agris;  from  ix&v;,  a “fish,”  and 
(pdyw,  to  “eat.”]  Fish-eating;  piscivo- 
rous. 

Icli-tliy-o-sati'riis.*  [From  ixOi 
a “fish,”  and  cavpo;,  a “lizard.”]  A ge- 
nus of  extinct  marine  animals,  which 
combined  the  characters  of  saurian  rep- 
tiles and  of  fishes  with  some  of  the  pe- 
culiarities of  Cetaceous  Mammalia. 

I-eli-tIiy-©'sis.*  [From  i\0va,  the 
“scale  of  a fish.”]  A disease  in  which 
the  skin  becomes  thickened,  hard,  and 
rough,  with  a tendency  to  scaliness ; the 
fish-skin  disease. 

ScSi-tSiy-ot'o-my.  [EcSitliyoto'- 

mia;  from  ixdv;,  a “ fish,”  and  rcpv <o,  to 
“cut.”]  Dissection  of  fishes. 

I^Si'tBiy-o-tox'i-cwm.-  [From  ix&v;, 
a “fish,”  and  to%ikov , a “poison.”]  A 
morbid  and  poisonous  product  sometimes 
found  in  fish. 

I-con-o-grapBi 'ic.  [Iconog-rapli'- 

iciis.]  Belonging  to  Iconography. 

I-eo-nog^'ra-pluy.  [Iconogra'- 

phia;  from  curd w,  an  “image,”  and 
yp'x<J)(A),  to  “write.”]  A description  by 
images,  or  figures;  or  a description  of 
pictures,  statues,  etc. 

I-co-san'dri-a.*  [From  cikooi,  “twen- 
ty,” and  avr,p,  a “man,”  or  “male.”] 
The  twelfth  Linnsean  class  of  plants,  in- 
cluding those  which  have  twenty  or 
more  unconnected  stamens  inserted  on 
the  calyx. 

I-co-san'cIri-ows,  or  I-co-san'- 
drous.  [fcosan 'drills;  from  the  same.] 
Having  twenty  stamens  or  more. 

I'co-sl-g*©' mis.*  [From  eiKoat,  “ twen- 
ty,” and  yosAa,  an  “angle.”]  Having 
twenty  angles. 

I'co-si-lic'dral.  [Icosilte'driis.] 

Belonging  to  an  icosihedron. 

I'co-si-he'dron,  or  Ico-sa-tie'- 
dron.  [IcosiEic'drum ; from  cikooi, 
“twenty,”  and  cfya,  a “base.”]  A solid 
figure  bounded  by  twenty  equilateral 
and  equal  triangles. 

Ico-si-tct-ra-lio'dral.  [Icositct- 
rahc'drws.]  Belonging  to  an  icositet- 
rahedron  : twenty-four-sided. 

Ico-sI-tct-rsi-Iio'droii.  [EcosUet- 
ralic'drum ; from  cikooi,  “twenty,”  rerpa, 
“four,”  and  tipa,  a “base.”]  A solid 
figure  of  twenty-four  equal  sides,  or 
faces. 

Ict^rc.  Sec  Icterus. 

Bc-tcr-cp-a-ti'tis,  1 die.*  [From  »’c'- 
terne,  “jaundice,”  and  hcjmti'tis , “in- 


ICT 


IGA 


flammation  of  the  liver.”]  Hepatitis 
and  jaundice,  or  icteric  hepatitis. 

le-ter'ic.  [Icfcer'icus.]  Belonging 
to  icterus. 

Ic-ter-o 'des.*  [From  ic'terus,  ^jaun- 
dice.”] Like  jaundice,  or  having  a 
yellow  color  resembling  jaundice.  Some- 
times applied  to  the  yellow  fever. 

Ic'ter-oid.  [let  oroides ; from  ic'- 
terus, “ jaundice,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  icterus. 

Ic-ter-opBfl'tilBi-sis.*  [From  ic'terus , 
“ jaundice,”  and  ph this' is,  “ consump- 
tion.”] Tabes  icterica,  or  phthisis  with 
jaundice. 

Ic'ter-us.*  [Gr.  'Urepog.]  (Fr.  Ictere , 
&k'ten',  or  Jaunisse , zho'ness',  i.e.  ^yel- 
lowness.”) Jaundice, — characterized  by 
yellowness  of  the  skin  and  eyes.  A genus 
of  the  order  Impetigines , class  Cachexise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

le'ttfls  So'lis.*  (“  Stroke  of  the  Sun.”) 
The  same  as  Coup  de  Soleil,  which  see. 

-Idse.  A terminal  employed  (in  imi- 
tation of  the  classical  patronymic)  to 
denote  a family  or  group  exhibiting 
some  points  of  likeness  to  the  type;  as 
Leporidse,  the  family  of  the  Lepus,  or 
hare,  etc. 

-IdaeiBS,  or  -Ideas.  A terminal  ap- 
plied to  objects  belonging  to,  or  connected 
with,  others,  which  are  designated  by 
terms  ending  in  -oid  or  -ides ; as,  Ary- 
tsenoidseus,  the  muscle  between  or  belong- 
ing to  the  Arytenoid  ( Arytenoides ) carti- 
lage, etc.  The  terminations  -ideus  or 
-idseus  are  sometimes  equivalent  to  -ides 
or  -oid;  thus,  Ligamentnm  coracoideum 
is  the  same  as  Ligamentum  coracoides 
(the  “ coracoid  ligament”). 

-Ide.  A terminal  affixed  to  oxygen, 
chlorine,  fluorine,  and  iodine,  when  com- 
bined with  each  other,  or  with  simple 
combustibles,  or  metals,  in  proportions 
not  forming  an  acid. 

S-de'al-isaiii.  [Idealis'iMas ; from 
idea,  an  “idea,”  a “thought.”]  A sys- 
tem of  metaphysics  in  which  no  real 
existence  is  attributed  to  any  thing  ex- 
cept to  thought  or  mind. 

I-den'ti-ty.  [Iden'titas,  a 'tis; 
from  i'dem,  the  “same.”]  Absolute  or 
essential  sameness  of  two  apparently 
different  things,  as,  for  example,  that  of 
the  electric  spark  and  lightning. 

I-de-og'Fa-ptuy.  [fdeog'ra'plaia ; 
from  idea,  an  “idea,”  and  ypd<bw,  to 
“write.”]  A description  or  definition 
of  ideas. 

I-de-ol'o-gy.  [Ideolo'gia ; from 
idea,  an  “idea,”  andXoyo;,  a “discourse.”] 
23* 


The  doctrine  or  science  of  thought  or  of 
the  mind;  the  philosophy  of  the  origin 
and  development  of  ideas. 

-Ides.  An  affix  of  many  words.  See 
Oid. 

Idiocy.  See  Ioiotism,  and  Amen- 
tia. 

Id'i-o-e-Iee'tric.  [From  id  tog,  “one’s 
own,”  “peculiar,”  and  elec' trie.]  Lite- 
rally, “having  electricity  of  its  [or  their] 
own.”  A term  applied  to  bodies,  such  as 
amber,  resin,  or  glass,  which,  when 
rubbed,  acquire  electricity,  without  any 
communication  with  another  electrified 
body. 

Id-I-o-patli'ic.  [Idiopatli'ieus.] 

Relating  to  idiopathy;  opposed  to  sym- 
pathetic, or  symjrtomatic. 

Id-i-op'a-tliy-  [Idiopatlii'a;  from 
idiog,  “one’s  own,”  “peculiar,”  or  “pri- 
vate,” and  ndOog,  “affection,”  or  “disease.”] 
A disease  arising  spontaneously,  not 
from  another;  an  affection  the  opposite 
of  sym'pathy. 

Id-i-o-sy  n 'cra-sy.  [Idiosyitcra'- 

sia;  from  idiog,  “one’s  own,”  “peculiar,” 
or  “private,”  and  ovytcpaaig,  a “mixing 
or  tempering  together,”  and,  hence, 
“ temperament,”  or  “ constitution.”]  The 
disposition  or  habit  of  body  peculiar  to 
an  individual. 

Id-i-©-sy n-era t ' 1c.  [Id iosy n era t 

icus.]  Belonging  to  idiosyncrasy. 

Id'i-ot.  [Idio'ta;  from  ididrris , 
“private,”  because  unfit  for  intercourse 
with  the  world.]  One  who  is  silly,  or 
without  understanding  ; a fool. 

Id-i-o-ti'  a.*  [Gr.  idicjTeia.]  Lite- 
rally, “a  state  of  privacy  or  obscurity.” 
A state  of  idiotism.  See  Idiot. 

Id-5-ot'ie.  [Idiot'icus.]  Like  an 
idiot. 

Id'i-o-tism.  [Idiot  isimis ; from 
idi'drrjg,  “private.”]  The  state  or  con- 
dition of  an  idiot:  idiocy. 

Id'ri-a-liBi.  [Xdriali'na.]  A fos- 
sil, fatty  substance,  found  in  mercury- 
mines. 

Idrosis.  See  IIiprosis. 

If,  ef.  The  French  term  for  the 
“yew.”  See  Taxus. 

Ig-a-su ' ri-a.*  [See  next  article.]  An 
alkaloid  found  in  the  different  species  of 
Strychnos. 

Xg-a-su'ric.  [Igasu'rictis  s said  to 
be  derived  from  Tgasur,  the  Malay  name 
for  St.  Ignatius’s  hern.]  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  Faba  Saudi  Ignatii  (the  seed 
of  the  Strychnos  Ignatia). 

Igasu'ric  A^'id.  [Ig-asu'ricMm 
A^'idum.]  An  acid,  somewhat  resem- 
265 


IGN 


IMA 


bling  the  malic,  existing  in  the  Strycli- 
nos  Ignatia  and  Nux  vomica. 

Igrnatia,*  ig-na'she-a.  Bean  of  St. 
Ignatius.  The  name  applied  to  the  seed 
of  the  Strychnos  Ignatia.  It  has  been 
placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Materia 
Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1860.  Its  medical  properties  are  essen- 
tially the  same  as  those  of  Nux  vomica. 

Ignes  Fatui.  See  Ignis  Fatuus. 

Ig'nis.*  Fire  ; the  evolution  of  light 
and  heat  which  attends  combustion. 

Ig'nis Ac-tu-a'lis.**  (“Actual Fire.”) 
See  Actual  Cautery. 

Ig'nis  Fat'u-us,*  plural  Ig-'nes 
Fat'u-i.  (“Vain  or  Foolish  Fire;” 
so  called,  probably,  because  it  makes 
fools  of  those  who  pursue  it.)  The  lumi- 
nous appearance  of  flame  frequently  seen 
in  the  night  in  marshy  places,  and  popu- 
larly called  Jack  with  the  lantern,  or 
Will  o’  the  Wisp.  It  is  produced  by 
phosphorus  evolved  from  decaying  vege- 
table matter. 

Ig'nis  Potentia'lis,*  po-ten-she-a'- 
lis.  (“Potential  Fire.”)  A name  for  the 
potential  cautery. 

Ig'nisSa’cer.*  (“Sacred Fire.”)  The 
same  as  Erysipelas,  which  see. 

Ig'nis  Sanc'ti  An-to'nl-i.*  (“  Saint 
Anthony’s  Fire.”)  A name  for  erysipelas. 

Ig'nis  Vo-latl-cus.*  Literally, 
“flying  fire.”  A term  for  erysipelas. 

Ig-ni'tion.  [From  ig'nis,  “fire.”] 
The  state  of  being  heated  so  as  to  re- 
semble fire ; in  other  words,  so  as  to 
emit  heat  and  light  like  a burning  body. 

Ileac  Passion.  See  Iliac  Passion. 

Il-e-i'tis,  id  is*  [From  il'euind]  In- 
flammation of  the  ileum  or  ilium. 

Ileo-.  A prefix  denoting  connection 
with,  or  relation  to,  the  ileum  or  ilium. 

Ii'eo-Cse'cal  Valve.  The  inferior 
semilunar  fold  of  mucous  membrane 
which  secures  against  any  matter  re-en- 
tering the  ileum  from  the  caecum. 

Il'eo-Col'ic  Valve.  The  superior 
semilunar  fold  of  mucous  membrane 
which  secures  the  ileum  against  regurgi- 
tation from  the  colon. 

Il'e-uin,*  or  Ill-um.*  [From  d\eo), 
to  “ turn  about.”]  The  third  or  last 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  ending  at 
the  valve  of  the  caecum,. 

II'  e-us.*  [Gr.  ctXsdf.]  The  same  as 
Iliac  Passion,  which  see. 

Ilex  Aq-ul-fo'll-uin.*  (Fr.  Houx , 
hoo.)  The  systematic  name  of  the  com- 
mon European  holly,  the  loaves  of  which 
have  been  reputed  as  tonic,  astringent, 
and  antiseptic. 

266 


m-a.fr  [The  nominative  plural  of 
i'le;  from  eiXcoj,  to  “involve.”]  The 
flanks,  which  enclose  the  small  intestines ; 
also,  the  small  intestines  themselves. 

Ill-ac.  [Lat.  Ili'acus : Fr.  I Hague, 
&'leAk'.]  Belonging  to  the  flanks. 

Iliac  Ar'te-ries.  [Arte'riae  Ili'« 
aeje.]  These  are  termed  the  common 
iliac  arteries  immediately  after  they  are 
given  off  by  the  aorta.  They  afterwards 
divide  into  the  external  iliac,  and  the 
internal  iliac,  or  hypogastric,  arteries. 

Iliac  Fos'sa.  [Fos'sa  Ili'aca.]  A 
broad  and  shallow  cavity  at  the  upper 
part  of  the  inner  surface  of  the  Os  iliacum. 
It  is  also  called  the  internal  iliac  fossa. 

Iliac  Fos'sa,  Ex-ter'nal.  A fossa 
or  depression  on  the  external  surface  of 
the  Os  iliacum. 

Iliac  Pas  sion.  [Pas'sio  Ili'aca; 

from  il'ia.]  A disease  characterized  by 
severe  griping  pain,  vomiting  of  fecal 
matter,  and  costiveness,  with  retraction 
and  spasm  of  the  abdominal  muscles. 

51'iac  Region.  The  side  of  the  ab- 
domen, between  the  ribs  and  hips. 

Iliacum  Os.  See  Os  Iliacum. 

U-i-a-del'ptius.*'  [From  i'le,  the 
“flank,”  and  dSetyog,  a “brother.”]  Ap- 
plied to  monsters  which  are  double  above 
and  united  at  and  below  the  pelvis. 

Iliaque.  See  Iliac. 

Sll-cin,  or  Ill-cine.  [Iliei'na.] 
An  active  principle  obtained  from  the 
ilex,  and  recommended  as  a febrifuge. 

Ill-uin,*'  plural  Ill-a.  The  haunch- 
bone.  The  upper  portion  of  the  os  inno- 
minatum ; in  the  foetus  it  is  distinct  from 
the  other  parts.  See  Ilia. 

Illacrymatio*  (il-lak-re-ma'she-o), 
O ’nis ; from  iliac' rymo,  iliac ryma' turn,  to 
“weep  greatly,  or  involuntarily.”]  Ex- 
cessive involuntary  weeping.  Some- 
times synonymous  with  Epipiiora. 

Illeceforaceae,*  il-le-se-bra'she-e. 
[From  Illece'brum,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  Europe  and  Africa. 

Il-lii'saon.  [Illu'sio,  o 'nis;  from 
ilia' do,  illu'sum,  to  “mock,”  or  “de- 
ceive.”] A deception,  false  appearance, 
or  mockery  ; a hallucination. 

Im.  A Latin  particle.  See  In. 

Im'age.  [From  ima'go,  a “resem- 
blance,” “picture,”  or  “image.”]  An 
idea;  a picture  of  the  imagination.  In 
Optics,  the  spectrum  or  picture  of  an  ob- 
ject, formed  by  the  reflection  or  refrac- 
tion of  the  rays  of  light  from  its  various 
points.  Optical  images  form  an  essential 
part  of  the  process  or  function  of  vision. 


IMA 


IMP 


I-ma'go,s  gen.  I-inag'I-nis.  [From 
im'itor , to  “imitate,”  or  “copy.”]  Lite- 
rally, an  “image,”  “picture,”  or  “por- 
trait.” Applied  to  the  perfect  insect, 
which  has  undergone  all  its  metamor- 
phoses. The  origin  of  this  appellation 
would  seem  to  be,  that,  as  a portrait 
is  not  merely  the  first  rude  outline  of 
the  artist,  but  the  perfect  elaboration  of 
his  idea;  so,  after  the  several  prepara- 
tory stages  of  the  egg,  the  larva , and 
the  pupa  (or  chrysalis ),  the  imago  is  the 
full  and  final  elaboration  of  nature’s 
idea  respecting  the  insect. 

Im'be-cille.  [Imbecifi'lss ; from  in, 
“on,”  and  bac'ulus,  a “staff.”]  Feeble; 
weak ; but  generally  applied  to  weak- 
ness of  the  mental  faculties. 

Im-bibe'.  [From  in,  “in.”  and  hi' bo, 
bib'itum , to  “drink.”]  To  drink  in;  to 
absorb. 

Xm-bi-bi'tson.  [Imblbi'tlo,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  drinking  in 
or  sucking  up  moisture. 

Im'bri-cate.  [Inibrica'tns:  from 
im'brico,  imbrica'tum,  to  “cover  with 
tiles”  (from  im’brex,  a “ roof-tile”).] 
Having  an  appearance  of  tiles  succes- 
sively overlapping  each  other. 

Im'brI-cat-ing.  [Im'brieairas;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  the  folioles  of  a 
compound  leaf,  when,  during  the  sleep 
of  the  plant,  they  apply  themselves 
along  the  petiole,  which  they  entirely 
conceal,  covering  each  other  like  tiles  on 
a house-top,  directed  from  the  base  to 
the  summit. 

Em'brI-ca-tSve.  [Imbrieaii'vus ; 

from  the  same.]  See  Imbricating. 

Im-mar'gi-nate.  [Immargina'- 
tus;  from  in,  priv.,  and  mar' go,  a “bor- 
der.”] Having  no  marked  border. 

Im-me-di-a ' t us.*  [From  in,  nega- 
tive, or  privative,  and  mc'dium,  “some- 
thing between,  or  intervening.”]  Lite- 
rally, “with  nothing  intervening.”  (Fr. 
//7i>Hed/af,£'m&'de-&'.)  Applied  in  Botany 
to  the  insertion  of  stamens  when  they  are 
attached  directly  under  the  ovary,  upon 
the  calyx,  or  upon  the  pistil. 

Im-mersecT.  [Immersus:  from 
immer'go,  immer'sum,  to  “plunge  under, 
or  into,  water.”]  Beneath  the  surface 
of  water. 

Im-mo'bill-is.*  [From  in,  priv.,  and 
mo'vco,  to  “move.”]  Applied  to  anthers 
wholly  attached  to  the  filament:  im- 
mov'able. 

Im-pac'ted.  [lanipac'tus ; from 
■impin' go,  impac'tum,  to  “drive,  or  dash 
against,”  to  “drive  in.”]  Used  in  refer- 


ence to  the  head  of  the  child  when  fixed 
in  the  pelvic  cavity. 

Im'par,  ar/»*  [From  in,  negative, 
and^ar,  “equal.”]  Odd,  not  even;  un- 
equal. Sec  Ganglion  Impar. 

Iiii-par-I-ner-va'tus.*  [From  im'- 
par, “unequal,”  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”] 
Having  unequal  nervures : impariner'- 
vate. 

Im-par-i-pen'nate.  [Impar ipen- 

na'tus;  from  pen'na , a "feather,”  or 
“quill.”]  The  same  as  Imparipinnate. 

Im-par-i-pin  'natc.  [Imparipin- 

m&'liBs;  from  im’par,  “unequal,”  and 
pin’na,  a “feather,”  a “wing.”]  Un- 
equally pinnate;  having  unequal  leaves 
or  folioles. 

Im-pesB-c-tra-bil'i-ty.  [Impene* 

trabil'itas,  n't  is;  from  in,  negative, 
and pen'etro,  to  “pierce,”  to  “penetrate,” 
to  “enter  into.”]  A property  of  matter, 
by  which  no  portion  of  it  can  occupy 
the  same  place  at  the  same  time  with 
another. 

Im-per'fect.  [Imperfec'tus;  from 

in,  negative,  and  perji'do,  per/ec'tum,  to 
“finish.”]  Incomplete.  Applied  to  flowers 
which  want  either  anthers  or  pistils. 

Im-per-fo-li-a'tus.*  [Fr<m  in, 
negative,  and  perfolia'tus,  “pierced 
through  the  leaves.”]  Having  leaves 
that  are  not  perfoliate. 

Im-per'fb-rate.  [Imperfora'tus ; 
from  in,  negative,  and  per'foro,  perfora' - 
turn,  to  “bore  through.”]  Abnormally 
occluded;  applied  to  the  anus,  vagina, 
etc. 

Im-pe'ri-al.  A cooling  beverage 
prepared  by  mixing  half  an  ounce  each 
of  cream  of  tartar  and  fresh  lemon-peel, 
bruised,  with  four  ounces  of  white  sugar, 
and  three  pints  of  boiling  water. 

Iiii-pe-tig'i-neKS.  [ I mpet  igi  no- 
des, Iinpetigin©  sus;  from  impeti'go.] 
Having  impet igo. 

Im-pe-ti'go,*  gen.  Xm-pe-tig  i-nis. 

[From  im'peto,  to  “*nvade.”]  (Fr.  Dar- 
tre, daRtR.)  A skin-disease  marked  by 
small,  irregularly  circumscribed  pus- 
tules. chiefly  on  the  extremities,  slightly 
elevated,  and  terminating  in  a laminated 
scab,  unaccompanied  by  fever,  and  not 
contagious;  humid  or  running  tetter. 

Im-pe-tl-o-la'ris.*  [From  in,  priv., 
and  peti'olus,  a “petiole.”]  Having  no 
petiole. 

Im-plan-ta'tus.*  [From  in,  “in,”  and 
plan' to, planta' turn,  to  “ set,”  to  “ plant.”] 
Applied  to  crystals  attached  by  one  of 
their  ends  to  the  walls  of  an  excavation 
in  a rock. 


267 


IMP 


INC 


Im-pli-ca'tus.*  [From  in,  “in,"  or 
“into,”  and  pli'co,  plica1  turn,  to  “ fold,” 
or  “ wrap.”]  The  same  as  Complicated, 
which  see. 

Im-plu'vi-unii.*  [From  in,  “upon,” 
and  pin’ via,  “rain.”]  A shower-bath. 

Im-pon  »der -a-bil  'I-ty . [ I mpon- 
derabil'itas,  a't/s.]  The  quality  of 
being  imponderable. 

Ini-pon'der-a-ble.  [Impondera'- 

bilis;  from  in,  negative,  and pon'dero,  to 
“ weigh.”]  Incapable  of  being  weighed. 
Applied  to  light,  heat,  electricity,  mag- 
netism, etc. 

Im-pos'tliiiTne.  [Probably  a cor- 
ruption of  aposte'ma.']  Another  term  for 
an  abscess.  See  Abscess. 

Im'po-tence,  Im'po-ten-ey.  [lun- 
poten'tisi;  from  in,  negative,  and  pos'  - 
sum,  to  “be  able.”]  (Fr.  Impuissance , 
aM'pw<b'sdNss'.)  Weakness;  want  of 
power,  especially  of  virile  power.  See 
Adynamia,  Anaphrodisia,  and  Steril- 
ity. 

Im'po-tent.  [Im'potens;  from  the 
same.]  Incapable  of  procreating  or  im- 
pregnating. 

Iin-preg-na/tion.  [Impregna- 

tia,  o'nis;  from  the  Low  Latin  impreg'no, 
imp  regno,' turn,  to  “make  fruitful,”  to 
“make  pregnant.”]  The  act  of  making, 
or  state  of  being,  pregnant;  fecun- 
dation. 

Iinpregnatimi,  Diseases  affect- 
ing* tlie.  See  Carpoticus. 

Im-pu'ber,  er /«.*  [From  in,  nega- 
tive, and pu'ber,  “of  ripe  age.”]  With- 
out hair  on  the  pubes ; not  arrived  at 
adult  age. 

Impuissance.  See  Impotence. 

Im-pus-tu-la'tus.*  [From  in,  nega- 
tive, and  pu8tula'tu8,  “ having  pustules.”] 
Having  no  red  spots:  impus'tulate. 

I'mus  Ven'ter.^  (“Lowest  Belly.”) 
The  lowest  part  of  the  abdomen,  between 
the  umbilicus  and  pudenda. 

In.  A Latin  particle  signifying  “in,” 
“within,”  “into,”  “on,”  “against.”  It 
is  often  negative,  and  sometimes  inten- 
sive. Before  b,  m,  and  p,  the  n is  changed 
to  m : e.g.,  imbibe , instead  of  inbibe ; 
immobilis  for  inmobilis,  impotent  for  in- 
potent,  etc. 

In-se-qual-I-fo'lI-ns.*  [From  inse- 
qna'lis,  “unequal,”  and  fn'linm,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  unequal  leaves. 

In-al-bn-mi-na'tus.*  [From  in, 
priv.,  and  albu'men.]  Applied  to  the 
embryo  of  plants  not  having  albumen. 

In-an-a-£en'e-si».*  [From  if,  h6g,  a 
“fibre,”  and  anagen'esis , “regenera- 
268 


tion.”]  Muscular  regeneration,  or  re- 
production of  muscular  fibre. 

In-a-iiapb'y-sis.*  [From  hof,  a 
“fibre,”  and  anaph'ysis,  “renewed 
growth.”]  Similar  to  Inanagenesis. 

In-an-i'tion.  [Inani'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  ina'nio,  inoni'tum,  to  “empty”*  (from 
ina’nis,  “empty”).]  Emptiness  of  the 
body,  its  viscera,  or  its  vessels,  from 
want  of  food;  starvation. 

In-an-tfiie-ra'tus.*  [From  in,  priv., 
and  anthe'ra,  an  “anther.”]  Applied  to 
the  filaments  of  stamens  when  they  do 
not  bear  anthers. 

In  -an-ther-if 'er-ns.-*  [From  in, 

priv.,  anthe'ra,  an  “ anther,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  The  same  as  Inanthera- 
tus,  which  see. 

In-ap-j;  en-die-n-la'tiis.**  [From 
in,  priv.,  and  appen'dix,  an  “addition.”] 
Having  no  appendices.  Applied  mostly 
to  plants. 

In-ap'pe-ten-cy.  [Inappeten'tia ; 

from  in,  negative,  and  ap'peto,  to  “de- 
sire.”] The  same  as  Anorexia.  A want 
or  loss  of  appetite. 

In-ar«4ic'u-late.  [Inartieula'tus; 

from  in,  priv.,  and  articula'tus,  “articu- 
lated.”] Having  no  articulation  : inar- 
ticulated.  Also,  not  having  distinct  ut- 
terance. 

In-cal-y-ca'tws.^  [From  in,  priv., 
and  ca'Iyx.]  Without  a calyx. 

In-can-tEes'sencc.  [Incandescen'- 
tia;  from  incundes'co,  to  “grow  very 
hot.”]  The  bright  appearance  presented 
by  solids  and  liquids  when  heated  to  a 
sufficient  degree. 

In-cam-des'^ent.  [Incaitdes'cens ; 

from  the  same  ] Applied  to  a body 
heated  till  its  surface  becomes  white  and 
brilliant. 

In-ca'nons.  [Inca'nus;  from  in, 

intensive,  and  ca'nns,  “hoary.”]  Hoary; 
covered  with  a white  down.  Applied  to 
the  stems,  leaves,  etc.  of  plants. 

In-can-ta'tion.  [From  in  can’ to , in- 
eanta'tum,  to  “charm.”]  A mode  of 
curing  disease  by  charms,  etc. 

In-car'cer-at-ed.  [Incarccra'tiis ; 
from  in,  “in,”  and  car'eer.  a “prison.”] 
Applied  to  the  portion  of  bowel  or  other 
substance  confined  by  the  stricture  in 
strangulated  hernia. 

Incarceration.  See  Strangula- 
tion. 

Iii'Car-na'tion.  [From  in,  “in,*’  or 
“upon,”  and  ca'ro,  car'vis,  “flesh.”] 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 

In-cer-nic'u-lum.*  [From  inctr'vr 
to  “sift,”  or  “strain.”]  The  pelvi*  of 


INC 


IND 


the  kidney  into  which  the  urine  is 
strained  from  the  papillse  rents. 

In'ci-deiice.  [Imcflden'tia;  from 
in'cido,  to  “fall  upon.”]  A term  for  the 
direction  in  which  one  body  strikes  upon 
another. 

In'cidence,  Angle  of.  The  angle 
formed  by  the  line  in  which  a body  or 
ray  of  light  moves,  and  the  straight  line 
perpendicular  to  the  plane  against  which 
the  body  or  ray  strikes. 

Incidentia,$  in-se-den'she-a.  [From 
inci'do,  to  “cut  in.”]  A mane  formerly 
given  to  medicines  which  were  supposed 
to  consist  of  sharp  particles,  as  acids  and 
salts. 

Im-cnBi-er-a'tion.  [Incinera'tio, 

o’nis  ; from  incin'ero,  incinera’ turn,  to 
“burn  to  ashes.”]  The  act  of  reducing 
animal  or  vegetable  matter  to  ashes. 

In-clsecl'.  [Inci'sns.]  Cut  irregu- 
larly and  sharply.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Ian-ca&'M>3i.  [Inci'sno,  o'nis;  from 
inci'do,  inci'sum,  to  “cut  into,”  to  “cut.”] 
The  cutting  into  the  Integuments  or  flesh 
with  an  instrument. 

Eaa-ci-si'vifls.*  [From  the  same.] 
Belonging  to  the  incisor  teeth. 

plural  laa-cl-so'res. 
[From  the  same.]  The  four  front  teeth 
of  both  jaws  which  have  sharp,  cutting 
edges. 

Iia-cli-nia'ti©ai.  [laaclina'tio,  o'n is  ; 

from  incli'no,  inclined  turn,  to  “bend 
down,”  to  “incline.”]  The  state  of  a 
body  or  vessel  placed  obliquely.  The 
angle  made  by  two  planes  or  two  lines, 
or  by  a plane  and  a line;  or  the  angle 
which  the}'  would  make  if  they  were  ex- 
tended until  they  met. 

In-coin -3t>ati-Me.  [From  in,  nega- 
tive, and  compa'tior,  to  “suffer  to- 
gether.”] Literally,  “that  cannot  be 
suffered  (or  allowed)  together.”  Applied 
to  substances  which  act  chemically  on 
each  other,  and  therefore  cannot  with 
propriety  be  prescribed  together. 

In-e©m-plete'.  [From  in,  negative, 
and  com'pleo , comple’ turn,  to  “fulfil,”  to 
“finish.”]  A term  applied  to  a flower 
which  wants  some  one  or  more  kinds  of 
organs. 

In-coin-pres-si-Ml'i-ty.  [InBC©m- 

from  in,  negative, 
and  com' primo,  compres' sum,  to  “press 
together.”]  Incapability  of  being  com- 
pressed. 

Iss-e©n  '4I-nence.  [Enema  tisieim'- 
tia;  from  in,  negative,  and  conti' neo,  to 
“contain.”]  Inability  to  retain  the 
natural  evacuations. 

18 


In-cor-po-ra'tion.  [Incorporaf> 
tio,  o' tits;  from  in,  “into,”  and  cor’ pus, 
a “body.”]  The  mixing  of  particles  of 
different  bodies  together  so  that  they 
appear  to  be  formed  into  one  body,  01 
into  a uniform  substance. 

Incrassaii  tia,*  in  -k  r a s - s a n ' sh  e -a. 
[The  neuter  plural  of  incras' sans,  the 
present  participle  of  incras' so,  ino  os- 
sa'turn,  to  “make  thick.”]  Applied  to 
medicines  supposed  to  have  the  power  of 
thickening  the  humors  or  the  blood  when 
too  thin. 

En-crus-ta'tion.  [Incinsla'tie, 

© 'nis;  from  incrus'to,  incrvsla'ti  m,  to 
“rough-cast,”  to  “incrust.”]  The  act 
or  process  cf  forming  a crust.  A crust 
or  deposit  of  stony  molecules  on  bodies 
plunged  or  habitually  bathed  in  water 
charged  with  calcareous  salts. 

In-en-ba'tson.  [Iiuultalio,  o'nis ; 
from  in'eubo,  inenba' turn,  to  “lie  upon,” 
to  “sit  on,”  as  eggs.]  The  act  or  pro- 
cess by  which  most  birds  hatch  their 
eggs.  Also  applied  to  the  period  betw  een 
the  implanting  of  a disease,  or  subjection 
to  its  causes,  and  its  development. 

Bn'en-foics.*  [From  in'eubo,  to  “lie 
or  sit  upon.”]  (Fr.  Cauchcmar,  kosh'- 
maR'.)  The  night-mare.  See  Ephialtes. 

In'enlbiis  Vigilaii'tium*  (vij-e- 
lan'she-um).  See  Day-Mare. 

En-cnm'lbeiit.  [From  incnm'bo,  to 
“lie  or  lean  upon.”]  Leaning  or  lying 
upon.  Applied  to  anthers  which  lie  on 
the  inner  side  of  the  filaments,  etc. 

In-cur  vafe.  [Iiicurva'ttis,  In- 
cnr'vus;  from  incur' vo,  incurva'tum,  to 
“bend,”  to  “curve.”]  Bent,  or  bowed, 
inwards;  incurved. 

In-easr-va/tion.  [Eiicurva'tfio, 
o'nis;  from  the  same.]  A bowing  or 
bending.  Applied  to  the  back,  etc. 

Eaa'cus,*  gen.  In-cu'dis.  (Fr.  En- 
chime,  0NG'klum'.)  Literally,  an  “anvil.” 
The  largest  of  the  ossicles  of  the  internal 
ear;  so  named  from  its  fancied  resem- 
blance to  a smith’s  anvil. 

Inti.  =In  di'es.%  “ From  day  to  day,” 
or  “daily.” 

Em-def 'i-nite.  [From  in,  negative, 
and  clefi'nio,  de/ini' turn,  to  “limit,”  to 
“define.”]  Either  uncertain  in  number 
or  too  many  to  be  readily  counted.  Ap- 
plied to  petals,  stamens,  etc. 

laQ-de-Ifols'^eirat.  [IrcdeBiis'ceif  s ; 
from  in,  negative,  and  dehis’eo,  to  “gape 
open.”]  Applied  to  a pericarp  that  does 
not  open  spontaneously,  when  ripe. 

Isa'clex,* gen.  In'dl-eis.  [From  in'di- 
co,  to  “point  out,”  to  “show.”]  Applied 
269 


IND 


INE 


to  the  fore-finger,  because  it  is  used  for 
pointing. 

In'di-an  Ar  row-Root.  The  root 

of  the  Mar  ant  a arundinacea. 

Iii  diasi  Corn.  The  Zea  Mays , or 
maize-plant. 

In'dianMemp.  TheCannabis  Indica. 

In  dian  Pink.  The  S}n(jelia  mari- 
landica. 

Indian  Rnb'ber.  A name  for  caout- 
chouc. 

In  dian  To-toac'co.  The  Lobelia 

injlnta. 

In-di-a'na  Radix.*  A name  for 

Ipecacuanha. 

In-dft~ca'ta©n.  [Indica'ti©,  o'nis  ; 

from  in'dico , indica' turn,  to  “ point  out.”] 
That  which  indicates  or  points  out  what 
ought  to  be  done  by  the  practitioner. 

In-di-ca'tor,  ©'ins.*  [From  the 
same.]  A muscle  of  the  fore-finger.  Also 
termed  Extensor  Indicis.  See  Index. 

In'di-cus  Mor  bus.*  (“  Indian  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  for  the  venereal  disease ; 
so  called  because  it  was  believed  to  have 
been  first  brought  to  Europe  from  the 
West  Indies  (or  the  neighboring  coast  of 
America)  by  the  Spaniards. 

In-dig'en-©us.  [Indig'eiiiis;  from 
in' da,  for  in,  “in,”  and  ye' no,  an  ancient 
form  of  gig' no,  to  “ beget,”  to  “ produce.”] 
Native  to  a country;  originally  produced 
in  a country  or  place. 

In-dl-g>es'ti©n.  [Indices 'ta©,©'>H.9,- 
from  in,  negative,  and  dig' ero,  dig es' turn, 
to  “set  in  order,”  to  “digest.”]  The 
disease  Dyspepsia. 

In-dig-i-ta'ti©n.  [Indigita'ti©, 

o'nis;  from  in,  “into,”  and  dig'itus,  a 
“finger.”]  The  passing  or  thrusting  of 
one  part  of  the  intestines  into  another; 
the  part  which  enters  being  compared  to 
a finger.  See  Intussusception. 

In-dig-na-bun'iliis.*  [From  indig' - 
nor,  to  “be  indignant.”]  Literally, 
“angry.”  A name  given  to  the  rectus 
externas  (a  muscle  of  the  eye),  from  the 
expression  of  anger  or  scorn  which  the 
action  of  this  muscle  imparts. 

In'di-go.  [A  corruption  of  In'dico , 
the  Portuguese  and  Spanish  for  “In- 
dian;” Latin  In' dicam. ; so  called  be- 
cause it  was  originally  procured  exclu- 
sively from  India.]  A blue  coloring 
matter  extracted  from  the  Indigo/era 
tinctoria,  the  anil,  or  indigo-plant. 

In-ili-gof'er-a  Ail'll.*  Another 
name  for  the  Indigo/era  tinctoria. 

Indigof 'era  Tinc-to'rl-a.*  The 
plant  which  yields  indigo.  It  belongs 
to  the  natural  order  Leguminosst. 

270 


'er-us.*  [From  in'digo, 
and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing,  or  pro- 
ducing, indigo.  Applied  to  plants. 

In'di-g©-tate.  [Indig-'ota*,  a 'tis.] 
A combination  of  indigotic  acid  with  a 
base. 

In-dig'©-tin.  [Indigoti'na.]  The 

coloring  principle  of  indigo. 

In'd©-les.*  The  natural  disposition 
or  character. 

In-duc'ti©n.  [Induc'ti©,  o'nis ; 

from  in  da' co , indue' turn,  to  “lead  into.”] 
The  act  or  process  of  inferring  or  estab- 
lishing a general  proposition  from  seve- 
ral particular  ones;  also,  the  proposition 
thus  established. 

In-duc'tive.  [From  the  same.]  Ca- 
pable of  leading  to;  inferring,  or  per- 
suading by  induction. 

In-d  ©-men  turn.*  [From  in' duo,  to 
“put  on,”  to  “cover.”]  Any  hairiness 
or  downy  covering  of  plants. 

£n-du'i#li-cate.  [From  in,  “in,”  or 
“inwards,”  and  du'plico,  duplica' turn,  to 
“double.”]  A term  applied  to  valvate 
aestivation,  in  which  the  margins  of  the 
leaves  are  indexed. 

fin'dn-rate.  [Indnra'tus;  from 
indu'ro,  indura’tum,  to  “ harden.”]  Made 
hard;  hardened. 

In-dn-ra'ti©n.  [Indura'tio,  o'nis ; 

from  the  same.]  (Fr.  Endurcissement , 
dNQ'diiR's&ss'mdN0'.)  The  state  or  process 
of  hardening : the  hardening  of  any  part 
from  the  effect  of  disease. 

In-du-si-a'tus.*  Having  an  indu- 
sium. 

In-dn'sQ-um.*  [From  in' duo,  indu'- 
tum,  to  “put  on,”  to  “cover.”]  The 
proper  covering  of  the  fruit-dots  of 
ferns;  any  peculiar  membranous  cover- 
ing. Applied  to  the  amnion,  because  it 
covers  the  foetus. 

In-dn'vi-al.  [Induvia'lis;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  a calyx  when  it 
is  persistent,  and  covers  the  fruit,  as  that 
of  the  Physalis  alkekengi. 

In-dn'vi-ate.  [Indiivia'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  fruit  that  is  cov- 
ered by  induvia. 

In-du'vi-iim,*  plural  In-du'vl-a. 

[From  in' duo,  to  “cover.”]  Applied  to  the 
whole  perianth,  or  every  accessory  part 
of  the  flower  which  persists  and  covers 
the  fruit,  -after  maturity  of  the  ovary. 

I n -©  in ' b ry-0-11  ate.  [ In  em  b ry  ©- 
until*;  from  in,  negative,  and  em'bryo.] 
Having  no  embryo,  germ,  or  cnrculum. 

In-e-qnl-lat'er-nl.  [ In;eq uilat '- 

erns:  from  in,  negative,  or  priv..  tv' guns, 
“equal,”  and  la'tns,  a “side.”]  Having 


INE 


INF 


unequal  sides,  as  the  leaves  of  certain 
plants. 

Iu-er'mis.*  [From  in,  priv.,  and 
ar'ma,  “ arms.”]  Without  spines,  or 
prickles;  unarmed. 

Inertia,*  in-er'shc-a.  [From  in'ers, 
“slothful.”]  This  term  is  used  to  de- 
note the  principle  or  law  of  the  material 
world  that  all  bodies  are  absolutely 
passive  or  indifferent  to  a state  of  rest 
or  motion,  and  would  continue  forever 
at  rest,  or  persevere  in  the  same  uniform 
and  rectilinear  motion,  unless  disturbed 
by  the  action  of  some  extrinsic  force. — 
(Brande.) 

Inf.  = Inf u' sum ,*  an  “infusion;” 
also,  Infun' de “pour  in.” 

Im'fSan-cy.  [Lat.  Infan '15a;  see 
Infant  ; Fr.  Enfance , oNG‘fdNss'.]  Early 
childhood,  usually  reckoned  from  birth 
to  the  seventh  year.  See  ACtas. 

In ' fan t.  [Lat.  In'fans;  from  in, 
negative,  and  fans,  “speaking;”  Fr. 
Enfant,  oN°'foN«\]  Originally,  a child  so 
young  as  to  be  unable  to  speak;  now 
applied  somewhat  indefinitely  to  any 
young  child.  See  Infancy. 

I n-fan ' ti-cide.  [Infantsci'da ; 
from  infans,  a “child,”  or  “infant,”  and 
cse'do,  to  “kill.”]  One  who  kills,  mur- 
ders, or  destroys  an  infant. 

Infaifticide.  [luf'anticikl'iiim ; 
from  the  same.]  Child-murder,  distin- 
guished into  that  which  is  perpetrated 
by  omission,  and  that  by  commission. 

In-farc [Infarc'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  infar'eio,  inf  arc*  turn,  to  “lill  in.”] 
A sense  of  oppression,  fulness,  or  stuff- 
ing of  the  chest. 

lai-fec'tion.  [In fee' A ia,  o 'nis;  from 
inji'cio,  infee' turn,  to  “infect.”]  The 
communication  of  a disease  by  per- 
sonal contact  with  the  sick,  or  by  means 
of  effluvia  arising  from  the  body  of  the 
sick;  contagion. 

iBiffeeniMtity.  See  Sterility. 

In-fe'ri-or.  A term  applied  to  the 
ovary  when  the  calyx  is  attached  to  it, 
or  to  the  calyx  when  it  is  free. 

fiaife'rior  Loii-gi-tu'di-iml  Si'- 
nus.  A vein  of  the  dura  mater , run- 
ning along  the  lower  margin  of  the 
falx  cerebri. 

In'fe-re-braii-etii-a'tns.**  [From 
in  ferns,  “beneath,”  and  bran'  chi ae, 
“gills.”]  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Inferobranchia'ta ) to  an  order  of 
Mollusca  Gasteropoda , having  the  bran - 
chise  on  both  sides  of  the  body  under  the 
border  of  the  mantle. 

In-Ail 'AraA-ed.  [Iufiltra'tus;  from 


in,  “into,”  and  fil'trnm , a “strainer.”! 
Strained  through;  filtered.  Applied  to 
an  organ  or  part  in  the  state  of  filtration. 

Iii-Ail-tra'tion.  [InfiIAra'Aio,o'ms, 

from  the  same.]  A straining  of  fluid  sub- 
stances into  the  areolae  or  cellular  tissue 
of  a structure. 

In-fin-l-Aes'i-mal.  [Infmites'i- 

mus;  from  in,  negative,  and  fi'nis,  a 
“boundary.”]  Infinitely  small. 

Infirmary.  See  Hospital. 

In-flamed'.  [Iiiflanima'tus;  from 
inflam'yno,  inflamma' turn,  to  “set  on  fire,” 
to  “inflame.”]  (Fr.  Enflamme,  oNG'fl&m'- 
mi'.)  In  a state  of  inflammation. 

In-flam  ma-ble.  [Inflamma'- 

bili*i;  lrom  the  same.]  Applied  to  gases 
or  substances  that  are  easily  set  on 
fire. 

Inflammable  Air.  See  Hydrogen. 

In-flam-ma  Aion.  [Infiamma'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  the  same.]  A state  of  dis- 
ease characterized  by  redness,  pain, 
heat,  and  swelling,  attended  or  not  with 
fever;  termed,  also,  Phloyosis.  It  is  often 
expressed  by  (he  terminal  -itis  added  to 
the  name  of  the  organ  or  part  affected; 
as,  bronchitis,  inflammation  of  the  bron- 
chia; tonsillitis,  inflammation  of  the 
tonsils.  See  Phlegmasia,  and  Phlo- 

GOSIS. 

fin-flam  'ma-Ao-ry.  [Inflamma- 
AoVins;  from  the  same.]  Belonging  to 
inflammation ; phlogistic. 

Inflam'matory  Crust.  The  huffy 
coat  of  the  blood. 

Inflam'matory  Fe'ver.  The  state 
of  fever  called  synoeha. 

Inflatio.  See  Emphysema. 

In-flexed'.  [Inflex'tis;  from  in, 
“ in,”  or  “inwards,”  and  flee' to,  flex' um, 
to  “bend.”]  Abruptly  bent  or  curved  in- 
wards. 

In-flo-res'^ence.  [Inflorescen'- 

fia;  from  inflores' co,  to  “ blossom.”]  A 
mode  of  flowering;  the  arrangement  of 
flowers  on  the  stem  or  branch;  the  par- 
ticular manner  of  flowering. 

Iii-flu-en'za.  An  Italian  word  sig- 
nifying “influence;”  because  the  disease 
seems  to  reside  in,  or  be  dependent  upon, 
some  atmospheric  influence.  (Fr.  Grippe, 
gRep  or  gnipp.)  An  epidemic  disease 
characterized  by  the  suddenness  of  its 
attack,  general  depression,  great  heavi- 
ness over  the  eyes,  and  by  a peculiarly 
distressing  fever. 

In-ffl*si-max-il“la's’ts.*'  [From  in’- 
fra,  “beneath,”  and  maxil’la,  the 
“jaw.”]  Situated  under  the  jaw : infra- 
max'illary. 


271 


INF 


INF 


In-fra-or'hl-tar,  or  In-fra«or'bi- 
ta-ry.  [Infraorbita'rius,  or  Iiifra- 
orbita'ris;  from  in' fra,  “beneath,” 
“ below/’  and  or'bita,  the  “ orbit.”]  Situ- 
ated beneath  the  orbit  of  the  eye. 

1 11-fra-scap ' u-lai*.  [Infrascapn- 
la  ris;  from  in' fra,  “ beneath/’  “below/’ 
and  scap'ula , the  “shoulder-blade.”] 
Below  the  shoulder-blade. 

In-fra-spl'nate.  [Infraspina'tns ; 
from  in' fra,  “beneath/’  “below/’  and 
spi’na , a “ spine.”]  Below  a spinous 
process. 

lu-ftm-clib'u-lar,  or  Iii-fun-cl!l>'- 
ti-li-foi’in.  [Imfumdibiuliibr'mis; 

from  infundib'ulum,  a “funnel.”]  Shaped 
like  a funnel. 

In-fun>dib'u-him/  plural  lu-fuin- 
dib  ai-ia.  [From  infun’ do,  inf  a' sum,  to 
“pour  in.”]  (Fr.  Entonnoir , oN«'ton'- 
nwait'.)  A funnel.  Applied  in  the  plu- 
ral to  three  small  tubes  in  the  kidney, 
of  a funnel-like  shape;  also  to  the  canal 
leading  from  the  third  ventricle  of  the 
brain  to  the  pituitary  gland. 

lai-fu'sa,*  the  plural  of  Infusum, 
which  see. 

In-fusiou.  [Imfu'sio,  ohm,  or 
Infu  sum;  from  in,  “in,”  or  “upon,” 
and  fun' do,  fu’sum , to  “pour.”]  Lite- 
rally, a “pouring  in  or  upon.”  The 
act  of  steeping  some  substance  in  cold 
or  hot  water,  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing a solution  of  its  soluble  principle; 
also,  the  name  of  such  solution.  See 
Infusum. 

Infusoria.  See  next  article. 

In-fu  -so'ri-us.*  [From  the  same.] 
Belonging  to  infusions : infu'sory.  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  ( Infuso’ria ) to 
a class  of  Radiata,  so  extremely  minute 
as  to  be  invisible  to  the  naked  eye; 
found  in  infusions  of  various  substances, 
and  in  stagnant  water.  See  Animalcule. 

In-fu 'sum.-  [From  the  same.] 
An  aqueous  solution  of  vegetable  sub- 
stances, obtained  without  the  aid  of 
ebullition. 

Infusum  An-g,tis-tu'rse.*  (“In- 
fusion of  Angustura.”)  Take  of  Angus- 
tura,  in  moderately  coarse  powder,  half 
a troy  ounce;  water,  a sufficient  quan- 
tity. Moisten  the  powder  with  two  flui- 
drachms  of  water,  pack  it  firmly  in  a 
conical  percolator,  and  gradually  pour 
water  upon  it,  until  the  filtered  liquid 
measures  a pint.  This  infusion  may 
also  be  prepared  by  macerating  the  An- 
gustura in  a pint  of  boiling  water,  for 
two  hours,  in  a covered  vessel,  and 
straining. 

272 


Infu  sum  An-tliem'i-ctis.*  (“In- 
fusion of  Chamomile.”)  Take  of  cham- 
omile, half  a troyounee;  boiling  water, 
a pint.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

Infu'sum  fa-lum'bse/  or  lufu'- 
suaai  Co-lom'toae*  (U.S.  Ph.,  1850). 
(“Infusion  of  Columbo.”)  Prepared  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  Infusum  An- 
gustura, only  substituting  Columbo  for 
Angustura. 

Infu'sum  Cap's5-$i.*  (“Infusion 

of  Capsicum.”)  Take  of  capsicum,  in 
coarse  powder,  half  a troyounee;  boiling 
water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  two  hours 
in  a covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

Infu'sum  Uar-y  - o-p He  y 1 ' Em.*  (“In- 
fusion of  Cloves.”)  Take  of  cloves, 
bruised,  one  hundred  and  twenty  grains; 
boiling  water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  two 
hours  in  a covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

In-fu'sum  Cm-cEno'me  Fla/vse.* 
(“Infusion  of  Yellow  Cinchona.”)  Take 
of  yellow  cinchona,  in  moderately  fine 
powder,  a troyounee;  aromatic  sulphuric 
acid,  a fluidrachm;  water,  a sufficient 
quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with  a pint  of 
water;  then  moisten  the  powder  with 
half  a fluidounce  of  the  mixture,  and, 
having  packed  it  firmly  in  a conical 
glass  percolator,  gradually  pour  upon  it 
the  remainder  of  the  mixture,  and  after- 
wards water,  until  the  filtered  liquid 
measures  a pint. 

Infu'sum  fiiiclto'na1  Rubra?,*  or 
Infu'sum  Cinclko'nse  Com-pos'i- 

tuin*  (U.S.  Ph.,  1850).  (“Infusion  of 
Bed  Cinchona,”  or  “Compound  Infusion 
of  Cinchona.”)  Prepared  exactly  as  the 
preceding,  only  substituting  the  red  for 
the  yellow  cinchona. 

lufu'sum  Ri£-i-ta'Iis.*  (“Infu- 
sion of  Digitalis.”)  Take  of  digitalis, 
in  coarse  powder,  sixty  grains;  tincture 
of  cinnamon,  a fluidounce;  boiling  wa-  - 
ter,  half  a pint.  Macerate  the  digitalis 
with  the  water  for  two  hours  in  a cov- 
ered vessel,  and  strain;  then  add  the 
tincture  of  cinnamon,  and  mix. 

fiu-fu'sum  Eu-pa-to'rl-i.*  (“In- 
fusion of  Thoroughwort.”)  Take  of 
thoroughwort,  a troyounee;  boiling 
water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  two  hours 
in  a covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

In-fu'sum  GoBiiia'me  ( jen-she-a'- 
ne)  €om-pos'I-tum.*  (“Compound 
Infusion  of  Gentian.”)  Tako  of  gen- 
tian, in  moderately  coarse  powder,  half 
a troyounee;  bitter  orange  peel,  in 
moderately  coarse  powder,  coriander,  in 
moderately  coarse  powder,  each  sixty 


INF 


grains;  alcohol,  two  fluidounces;  water, 
a sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  alcohol 
with  fourteen  fluidounces  of  water,  and, 
having  moistened  the  mixed  powders 
with  three  fluidrachms  of  the  menstruum, 
pack  them  firmly  in  a conical  percolator, 
and  gradually  pour  upon  them,  first  the 
remainder  of  the  menstruum,  and  after- 
wards water,  until  the  filtered  liquid 
measures  a pint. 

lufu'sum  Ju-nip'e-ri.*  (“  Infu- 
sion of  Juniper.”)  Take  of  juniper, 
bruised,  a troy  ounce;  boiling  water,  a 
pint.  Macerate  for  an  hour  in  a cov- 
ered vessel,  and  strain. 

Iiifu'suin  Ri'cis liiq'ui-dse.*  (“ In- 
fusion of  Liquid  Pitch  or  Tar.”)  Tar- 
water.  Take  of  tar,  a pint;  water,  four 
pints.  Mix  them,  and  shake  the  mixture 
frequently  during  twenty-four  hours; 
then  pour  off  the  infusion,  and  filter 
through  paper. 

Infii'sum  Pru'ni  Vir-gin-i-a'nse.* 

(“  Infusion  of  Wild  Cherry  Bark.”) 
Take  of  wild  cherry  bark,  in  moderately 
coarse  powder,  half  a troyounce;  water, 
a sufficient  quantity.  Moisten  the  pow- 
der with  six  fluidrachms  of  water,  let  it 
stand  for  an  hour,  pack  it  gently  in  a 
conical  glass  percolator,  and  gradually 
pour  water  upon  it,  until  the  filtered 
liquid  measures  a pint. 

Iiifu'sum  Q,uas'sise*  (kwosh'e-e). 
(“Infusion  of  Quassia.”)  Take  of 
quassia,  rasped,  one  hundred  and  twenty 
grains;  water,  a pint.  Macerate  for 
twelve  hours  in  a covered  vessel,  and 
strain. 

Iiifu'sum  Seu'me.*  (“  Infusion  of 
Senna.”)  Take  of  senna,  a troyounce; 
coriander,  bruised,  sixty  grains;  boiling 
water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  an  hour  in 
a covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

Iiifu'sum  Ser-pen-ta'ri-se.*  (“  In- 
fusion of  Serpentaria,  or  Snake-root.”) 
Prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  the  In- 
rusuM  Axgustur,®,  only  substituting 
Serpentaria  for  Angustura. 

Infn'sum  Spi-ge'Si-ae.*  (“  Infu- 
sion of  Spigelia.”)  Take  of  spigelia, 
half  a troyounce;  boiling  water,  a pint. 
Macerate  for  two  hours  in  a covered 
vessel,  and  strain. 

lufu'sum  Ta-rax'a-$i.;!:  (“  Infu- 

sion of  Dandelion.”)  Take  of  dande- 
lion, bruised,  two  troyounces ; boiling 
water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  two  hours 
in  a covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

Infu'sum  ¥a-le-r!»a'ii8e.  ::  (“  Infu- 
sion of  Valerian.”)  Prepared  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  Infuftjm  Angusturje. 

24 


Infu'sum  Zin-gib'e-r 

fusion  of  Ginger.”)  Take  of 
bruised,  half  a troyounce;  boiling  wa 
a pint.  Macerate  for  two  hours 
covered  vessel,  and  strain. 

In*ges'tus.$  [From  in'gero , inges'- 
turn,  to  “carry  in.”]  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  (/ nges'ta ) to  the  aliments 
taken  into  the  body  by  the  mouth. 

In-glu'vi-es.*  [Perhaps  from  in, 
‘in,”  and  gu'la,  the  “throat.”]  The 
craw,  or  crop,  of  birds. 

lu-gras'sl-as,  Wings  of.  Two  por- 
tions of  the  symmetrical  halves  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  termed  the  large  and 
small  wings. 

In-grav-i-da/lion.  [In  gravid  a'- 
tio,  o'nis;  lrcrn  in,  intensive,  and 
grav’ido , gravidarum,  to  “ impregnate.”] 
Impregnation  ; being  with  young. 

In-gre'di-Piit.  [Ingre  dient ; from 
ingre'dior,  to  “enter  in.”]  Any  sub- 
stance which  enters  into  the  composition 
of  a compound  body. 

In'guen,*  gen.  In'guX-nis.  The 
lower  and  lateral  part  of  the  abdo- 
men, just  above  the4high;  the  groin. 

In  gui-nal.  [ Inguina'lis ; from 
in'guen.]  Belonging  to  the  groin. 

Inguinal  Canal,  Inguinal  Ring. 
See  Spepmatic  Canal. 

Inguinal  Hernia.  See  Blbono- 


In'guinal  Lig  a ment.  The  same 
as  Poupart’s  Ligament,  which  see. 

Iugulatio  (in-gu-la'she-o),  o 'ms.* 
[From  in,”  into,”  and  gu’la,  the  “throat.”] 
The  introducing  or  putting  any  thing 
into  the  throat:  ingula'tion. 

In-bab  l-tive-ness.  [From  inJtal'- 
ito,  to  “dwell  in.”]  A term  used  by 
phrenologists  to  indicate  the  propensity, 
observed  to  be  much  stronger  in  some 
men  and  some  animals  than  in  others, 
to  remain  in  the  place  in  which  they 
have  long  resided;  or  to  be  attached  to 
their  home  simply  because  they  have 
become  accustomed  to  it. 

lu-ba-la'tion.  [Inliala'tio,  o 'vis ; 
from  inha'lo,  inhala'tum,  to  “breathe 
in.”]  Originally,  a drawing  of  the  air 
into  the  lungs.  Usually  applied  to  the 
inspiring  of  medicated  or  poisonous 
fumes  with  the  breath. 

In-Sia'Ier.  [From  the  same.]  A 
name  applied  to  an  apparatus  con- 
structed for  the  convenient  inhalation 
of  medicinal  vapors;  sometimes  resorted 
to  in  pulmonary  affections. 

In'i-ad.  Applied  the  same  as  Inial, 
used  adverbially. 


273 


INS 


From  iviov,  tho  “ occiput.”] 
j to  the  occiput;  looking  to  the 
«Aput.  A term  used  by  Ur.  Barclay  in 
reference  to  the  aspects  of  the  head. 

In-i 't is,  idis*  [From  Xg,  ivog,  “ fibre.”] 
Inflammation  of  muscular  fibre  or  sub- 
stance. Applied  by  Feuerstein  to  rheu- 
matism. 

Inj.  enem.  = Injicia'tur  en'ema* 
“Let  a clyster  be  given.” 

Inject.  = Injec'tio*  “An  injection.” 

In-jec'tion.  [Injec'tio,  o'nis;  from 
inji’cio , injec’tum,  to  “throw  into.”]  Any 
medicated  liquor  thrown  into  a natural 
or  preternatural  cavity  by  means  of  a 
syringe,  or  an  injection-bag;  when  in- 
tended for  the  rectum,  it  is  termed  an 
enema,  or  clyster.  In  Anatomy,  the 
term  injection  is  applied  to  the  filling  of 
the  vessels  of  any  part  of  the  body  with 
some  bright  or  highly  colored  substance, 
in  order  to  exhibit  their  form  or  number 
to  better  advantage.  Thus,  a mercurial 
injection  is  often  used  for  the  minute 
vessels  or  capillaries,  as,  from  its  perfect 
fluidity,  it  readily  penetrates  the  smallest 
passages,  while  its*  metallic  brilliancy 
enables  the  minutest  vascular  ramifica- 
tions to  be  clearly  seen.  But  a resinous 
compound — colored  red  or  blue,  accord- 
ing as  the  design  is  to  represent  the 
arteries  or  veins — is,  perhaps,  most  gene- 
rally used. 

In-Knees.  A vulgar  name  for  the 
deformity  termed  Genua  valga. 

Isi-nate'.  [From  in,  “in,”  or  “on,” 
and  nas'eor,  na'tus,  to  “ be  born.”]  Lite- 
rally, “inborn,”  or  “produced  upon.” 
Applied  to  anthers  which  are  attached 
by  their  base  to  the  apex  of  the  filament. 

In-ner-va'tion.  [Innerva'iio, 
o 'nit;  from  in,  “ into,”  or  “to,”  and  ner'- 
vns,  a “nerve,”  or  “strength.”]  That 
vital  process  by  which  nervous  energy  is 
communicated  to  any  part. 

Iii-ner'vis.*  [From  in,  priv.,  and 
ner'vns,  a “nerve.”]  Applied  to  cotyle- 
dons and  leaves  when  the  nervures,  en- 
veloped by  the  parenchyma,  are  not 
seen  externally,  and  seem  not  to  exist. 

Innominata  Artery.  See  Arteria 
Innominata. 

Iii-uoin-i-na'tus.*  [From  in,  priv., 
and  no' men,  a “name.”]  Having  no 
name ; unnamed. 

In-nu-trl'tioii.  [Iniiutri'tio,o'»h; 

from  in,  priv.,  and  nn'trio,  nutri'tum,  to 
“nourish.”]  Want  of  nourishment. 

In-o  ■car'pus.::f  [From  Xg,  iv6g,  a 
“fibre,”  and  Kapndg,  “fruit.”]  Having 
fibrous  fruit. 

274 


In-o-efron-dri'tis,  idle*  [From  Xg, 
i vug,  a “fibre,”  and  xovfyng,  a “carti- 
lage.”] Inflammation  of  tendons  and 
cartilages. 

In-oc-u-la/tion.  [Inocula'tio, 

o'nis;  from  inoc'ulo , inocula'tum , to 
“ingraft.”]  The  insertion  of  virus  into 
any  part  of  the  body  in  order  to  com- 
municate a disease. 

In-o-gen'e-sis.*  [From  Xg,  ivog , a 
“fibre,”  and  yhu,  to  “be  born.”]  The 
production  of  fibre. 

In-o-ma,  aft*.*  [From  Xg,  ivog , a 
“fibre.”]  A fibrous  tumor. 

Inonction.  A French  term  for  In- 
unction, which  see. 

iBi-o-pory-pus.*  [From  tj,  ivog,  a 
“fibre,”  and  polypus.]  A fibrous  poly- 
pus. 

In-or-gan'ic.  [Inorgaii'iciis;  from 
in,  priv.,  and  or'ganum,  an  “organ.”] 
Destitute  of  organs.  Applied  to  minerals 
as  distinguished  from  animals  and  vege- 
tables. 

In  -os'cu-lat-ing>.  [From  in,  “into,” 
and  os'cuhun,  a “ little  mouth.”]  Open- 
ing into  each  other;  anastomosing,  as 
the  tubes  of  some  plants.  See  Inoscu- 
lation. 

In-os-cu-la'tion.  [Inoscula'tio, 

o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  junction  or 
interunion  of  different  branches  of  arte- 
ries, or  veins,  or  extremities  of  arteries 
with  the  origins  of  veins. 

In.  pulm.  = In  pulmen'to.%  “ In 
gruel.” 

Inquest.  See  Inquisitio. 

In 'quest,  Cor'o-ner’s.  An  inqui- 
sition appointed  by  a coroner  in  a case 
of  sudden  death,  by  summoning  a jury 
to  make  inquiry  upon  examination  of  the 
body,  respecting  the  cause  of  death,  etc. 

In-qui-si'tion.  [Inquisi  tio. o’nis; 
from  inqui'ro,  inquisi'tnm,  to  “search 
into,”  to  “inquire.”]  An  inquiry  or  in- 
quest of  jurors,  in  causes  civil  and  crimi- 
nal, on  proof  made  of  the  fact  on  either 
side,  as  in  cases  of  the  lunacy  of  crimi- 
nals, etc. 

In-sal-i-fi'a-ble.  [Insalifiab'ilis ; 

from  in,  priv.,  and  saliftab'ilis , “capa- 
ble of  being  formed  into  a salt.”]  Ap- 
plied to  oxides  which  are  not  acids,  nor 
capable  of  neutralizing  them. 

lu-sal-Y-va'tion.  [Insaliva'tio, 
o'nis;  from  in,  “by,”  and  saliva'tio,  a 
“filling  with  saliva.”]  The  process  of 
mixing  the  saliva  with  the  food  in  the 
act  of  mastication. 

In-saue'.  [Insa'niis;  from  in,  neia- 
tive,  and  eu'nus,  “sane,”  or  “sound.”] 


INS 


INT 


(Fr.  Feu,  foo.)  Mad;  wanting  intellect ; 
deranged  in  mind. 

In-san'M-4y.  [Insa'nia,  Insan'i- 

tas,  a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  (Fr.  Folie , 
foie'.)  Deranged  intellect;  madness  or 
lunacy. 

Insatiable  Appetite.  See  Bulimia. 

In'sect.  [See  Insectus.]  A name 
applied  to  any  small  animal  having  the 
body  deeply  incised,  or,  so  to  speak,  di- 
vided between  the  head  and  the  belly;  as 
the  common  fly,  the  bee,  the  ant,  the 
locust,  etc. 

In-sec'ta,*  the  plural  of  In-sec  tum, 
an  “ insect." 

In-sec-tif'er-us.*  [From  insec' turn, 
an  “insect,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Ap- 
plied to  amber  ( Succinum ) when  it  con- 
tains insects  imbedded  in  its  substance. 

In  -sec-tiv'or-ous.  [Insectiv'or- 
us;  from  insec' ta,  “insects,”  and  vo'ro , 
to  “devour.”]  Insect-devouring.  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  ( Jnsectiv'ora ) 
to  a family  of  Mammalia. 

In-sec-tol'o-gy-  [Inscctolo'gia ; 

from  insec' turn,  an  “insect,”  and  A oyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  upon  insects. 
The  same  as  Entomology. 

In-sec'tum.*  [I.e.  an'imal  in- 
sec'tum;  an'imal,  a “living  creature,” 
and  insec' tus,  “cut  in,”  “incised.”]  Lite- 
rally, an  “incised  animal.”  A small  ani- 
mal of  a particular  description.  See  In- 
sect. 

In-sec'tws.*  [From  in'seco , insec'- 
tum , to  “cut  into.”]  Insec'ted.  Applied 
in  the  plural  neuter  {Insec' ta)  to  a class 
of  Articulata.  See  Insectum. 

In-ser'tion.  [Inser'tio,  o'nis  ; from 
in'sero , inser'tum , to  “implant,”  or  “in- 
sert,” to  “ set  in.”]  The  attachment  of 
muscle  to  a bone : also,  the  entrance  of 
a nerve  into  a muscle  or  organ.  Also, 
the  place  or  the  mode  of  junction  of 
leaves  with  the  stem,  etc. 

In  -ses-so'res.*  [From  insi'deo , iri- 
ses'sum,  to  “sit  upon,”  to  “perch.”] 
“ Perchers.”  A name  applied  some- 
what loosely  to  various  orders  or  divisions 
of  birds.  C.  Bonaparte  includes  under 
this  term  the  Pas' seres  scanso'res  and 
Accip'itres. 

In'si-dens,  cal''?'.?  * [From  insi'deo , 
to  “sit  upon.”]  Sitting  upon;  resting, 
or  floating  on,  the  surface.  Applied  for- 
merly to  matters  supernatant  on  the 
urine. 

In  Si'tu*  (ablative  of  si' tus,  “situa- 
tion”). In  its  natural  position  or  situa- 
tion. 

In-so-la  tion.  [Insola'tio,  o'nis; 


from  inso'lo,  insola’tnm,  to  “dry  in  the 
sun,”  to  “ expose  to  the  sun.”]  Exposure 
to  the  sun  to  promote  the  action  of  one 
substance  upon  another;  blanching; 
bleaching.  Exposure  to  the  sun  as  a 
cause  of  disease. 

Insoluble,  or  Insolubility.  See 

Solubility. 

In-som'ni-a.*  [From  in,  priv.,  and 
som'nus , “sleep.”]  Want  of  sleep; 
wakefulness.  See  Agrypnia,  Pervigi- 
lium. 

In-spec'tion.  [Inspec'tio,  o'nis; 

from  inspi'cio , inspec'  turn,  to  “observe,” 
or  “examine,”  to  “behold.”]  Examina- 
tion by  the  eye.  See  Exploratio. 

In-spl-r a t ion.  [Inspira'tio,o'm#,* 
from  in,  “in,”  and  spi'ro , spira'lmn,  to 
“breathe.”]  The  act  of  drawing  in  the 
breath. 

Inspissantin,*  in-spis-san'sbe-a. 
[From  in,  intensive,  and  spis’so , spissa'- 
tum,  to  “thicken.”]  Agents  which  aug- 
ment the  density  of  the  plasma,  or  color- 
less portion  of  the  blood. 

In'spts-sat-ed.  [Iiispissa'lus;  from 
the  same.]  Made  thick  by  evaporation 
of  the  thinner  parts.  Applied  to  vege- 
table juices. 

In'stinct.  [Instinc'tns ; from  in- 
stinfj'uo,  instinc'tum,  to  “move,”  or  “ex- 
cite.”] That  power  by  which  animals 
are  moved,  independently  of  instruction 
or  experience,  to  perform  such  acts  as 
are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  the 
individual  or  the  race. 

In'stru-ment.  [ Inst  rumen 'tu  m ; 
from  in'struo,  to  “ provide  with,”  or  “fur- 
nish.”] Any  mechanical  appliance,  tool, 
or  agent  used  in  manipulations  or  opera- 
tions. 

In-suf-tla'tion.  [InsufHa'tio,o'a?^/ 

from  in,  “into,”  and  svf'Jlo , sujfla' turn , to 
“blow.”]  The  act  of  blowing  into  any 
cavity,  or  hollow  part,  by  mechanical 
means,  or  otherwise. 

In'su-lat-ed.  [Insula'tus;  from 
in' su la,  an  “island.”]  Surrounded  by 
non-conductors.  Also,  in  Entomology, 
applied  to  discoid  areolse  of  the  wing 
which  are  without  connection  with  others. 
See  Insulation. 

In-su-lation.  [Insula'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  state  of  being 
insulated,  detached,  or  separated  from 
surrounding  bodies  (as  an  island  is  de- 
tached or  separated  from  the  main  land). 
Applied  in  electrical  experiments  to  the 
state  of  a body  surrounded  by  non- 
conductors. 

lu  te-grant.  [In'tegrans;  from 
275 


INT 


INT 


in'tegro,  to  “make  whole/’  to  “complete” 
or  “perfect/’  hence,  to  constitute  an 
essential  part  of  any  thing.]  Applied  to 
the  atoms  of  simple  bodies.  Applied, 
also,  to  the  smaller  particles  into  which 
a mineral  may  be  divided  without  its 
nature  undergoing  alteration. 

In-teg-ri-fo'li-us.*  [From  in'teger, 
“ entire,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
entire  leaves. 

In-teg/ u-ments.  [From  in'tego , to 
“cover.”]  (Fr.  Tegument,  t&'gii'moN0'.) 
The  cuticle,  rete  mucosum , cutis,  and  adi- 
pose tissue,  together  forming  the  cover- 
ing of  every  part  of  the  body  except  the 
nails,  therefore  termed  common  integu- 
ments. The  covering  of  seeds,  etc.  See 
Tegument. 

Intellect,  diseases  affecting-  tlie. 

See  Phrenica. 

In-tense'.  [Inten'sus;  from  in- 
ten' do,  iuten'sum,  to  “stretch,”  or  “put 
to  the  utmost  stretch,”  as  the  string  of  a 
harp  or  bow.]  Literally,  “kept  on  the 
str  tch,”  or  “put  to  the  utmost  stretch:” 
thus,  we  say,  “intense  application.” 
Hence,  the  term  signifies  carried  or  raised 
to  the  highest  degree.  Applied  to  heat, 
cold,  pain,  etc. 

In-ter-ar-tic'u-lar.  [Interarticu- 

la'ris;  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  ar- 
tic'uius,  a “joint.”]  Situated  between 
the  joints. 

In-ter-cal'a-ry.  [Intercala'ris, 
Intercala'rius ; from  in' ter,  “ between,” 
and  Cal  (from  the  Sanscrit  Kdld,  “time”), 
an  ancient  root,  signifying  a “time,”  or 
a “portion  of  time”?]  Applied  to  a day 
inserted  in  the  calendar  every  fourth  year, 
called  leap-year.  Applied  also  to  any 
time  between  the  paroxysms  of  periodical 
diseases. 

In-ter-cel'lii-lar.  [Intercellufla'- 

ris ; from  in' ter,  “ between,”  and  cel'lnla, 
a “little  cell.”]  Between  the  cellules  of 
animal  or  vegetable  tissue. 

In-ter-cil  i-um.^  [Probably  a con- 
traction of  inter8iipercil' ium,  “ between 
the  eyebrows.”]  The  space  between  the 
eyebrows ; the  glabella. 

In-tcr-cla-vic'u-lar.  [Intcrcla- 
vicularis;  from  in' ter,  “between,” 
and  c/avic'ula,  the  “collar-bone.”]  Be- 
tween the  clavicles. 

In-ter-cos'tal.  [Intcrcosta'lis ; 
from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  cos'ta,  a 
“rib.”]  Between  the  ribs. 

Iii-ter-cur'rcnt.  [Interciir'reiiM, 
en  'tis;  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and* 
cur'ro,  to  “ run.”]  Occurring,  or  running, 
between.  Applied  to  diseases  which 
276 


occur  sporadically  during  the  prevalence 
of  epidemic  or  endemic  diseases. 

In-ter'cus,  u tis.*  [From  in'ter, 
“ between,”  and  cu'tis,  the  “ skin.”]  Be- 
tween the  skin  and  flesh.  Applied  to 
dropsy  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

In-ter-cu-ta'ne-us.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  same  as  Subcutaneus. 

lai-ter-fo-li-a'ceous.  [Iciterfotia'- 
ceus;  from  in'ter , “between,”  and  fo'- 
lium,  a “leaf.”]  Applied  to  flowers 
growing  alternately  between  each  couple 
of  opposing  leaves. 

In-ter-lofo'u-lar.  [Interlobula'- 
ris;  from  in'ter,  “between,”  and  lob'u - 
las,  a “ little  lobe.”]  Between  lobes,  or 
lobules. 

IiB-t er-max  i 1-la-ry . [En termax- 
illa'ris;  from  in'ter,  “between,”  and 
maxil’la,  a “jaw.”]  Applied  to  a small 
osseous  piece  between  the  maxillary 
bones. 

In-ter-imls'sioii.  [Intermis'siC’, 

o'nis  ; from  intermit' to,  to  “leave  off  for 
a time,”  to  “discontinue.”]  A tempo- 
rary cessation.  Applied  to  fevers,  etc. 

In-ter-mit'tent.  [Intermit 'tens, 
en  'tis;  from  the  same.]  Applied  to  a dis- 
ease which  disappears  and  returns  again 
and  again  at  regular  or  uncertain  periods. 

Intermittent  Fe'ver.  (Lat.  Fe'- 
toris  Intermit'tens ; Fr.  Fievre  in- 
tennittente,  fe-evR'  aNG'teR'm£t'toxt'.)  A 
generic  term  applied  to  all  fevers  in  which 
the  paroxysm  intermits  and  returns, — 
usually  at  nearly  regular  intervals.  Hr. 
Good  employs  An'etus  (from  avirgu,  to 
“send  or  let  back,”  to  “unstring”  as  a 
bow;  hence,  to  “relax,”  to  “intermit”) 
as  the  systematic  name  of  this  genus, 
which  includes  three  principal  species, 
viz.:  (1)  Quotid'ian  ( quotidia'nus ),  the 
paroxysms  of  which  return  every  day; 
(2)  Ter' tian  ( tertia'nus ),  in  which  the  dis- 
ease returns  every  third  day,  that  is,  on 
alternate  days;  (3)  Quar'tan  (quarta'nus), 
in  which  it  returns  every  fourth  day,  thus 
leaving  two  days  between  the  paroxysms. 
A more  particular  notice  of  these  differ- 
ent forms  of  intermittent  will  be  found 
under  their  alphabetical  heads.  To  the 
above  species  may  be  added  a fourth, 
termed  Erratic  ( errat'icus ),  in  which  the 
fever  occurs  at  irregular  intervals. 

In  ter-nodc.  [Internodimn,  or 
IiitorcBo'tfiDB.s : fr<  in  in'ter,  “between,” 
and  no'dns,  a “joint.”]  Applied  to  tlie 
phalanges  of  the  hand,  being  between  the 
joints  formed  by  their  united  extremi- 
ties. In  Botany,  the  space  between  two 
joints,  or  nodes,  of  a stem. 


INT 


INT 


Im-ter-oc'ii-lar.  [Imterocjila'ris ; 

from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  oc'ulus , the 
“eye.”]  Between  the  eyes. 

Eii-t^a’-o-g^rVaB-Inie*.  [laiteroper- 
cula'ris.J  Belonging  to  the  interoper- 
culum. 

In-tea’-o-jper'cai-laaBM.*  [From  in- 
ter, “between,”  and  oper’culum , a “lid.”] 
A bony  formation  which,  with  the  oper- 
culum and  suboperculum , between  which 
it  lies,  composes  a sort  of  lid  for  the 
great  opening  of  the  gills  of  fishes. 

Iii-ler-os'se-oias.  [Iaater<a>Vseaaf.i ; 
from  in' ter,  “ between,”  and  os,  a “ bone.”] 
(Fr.  Interosseux,  aN°'teit'o'suli'.)  Situated 
between  bones. 

Iiaterosseux.  See  Interosseous. 

In-ter-pa-ri'e-tal.  [EEnteB*jJi>arie- 
ta'lis;  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  pa- 
rieta'lis,  “relating  to  a wall.”]  Applied 
to  a cranial  bone  between  the  parietal, 
frontal,  and  superior  occipital  bones  in 
the  Mammifera. 

I n- ter-pet/I-o-lar.  [From  in' ter, 
“between,”  and  peti'olus  or  pet'iolus,  a 
“petiole.”]  A term  applied  to  stipules 
which  are  between  two  opposite  leaves. 

Iii-ter-pleu-rI-cos-t»'Ms.*  [From 
in' ter,  “between,”  and  c os'ta,  a “rib.”] 
Applied  to  the  internal  intercostal  mus- 
cles. 

Iii-ter-pos-i-ti'vws.*  [From  in' ter, 
“between,”  and  po'no,  pos'itum,  to 
“place.”]  That  which  is  situated  be- 
tween. 

In-ter-rup-te-Piai-Bia'tais.*  [From 
inter rup'tus,  “interrupted,”  and  pinna' - 
tus,  “pinnate.”]  Interrupte  Uy -pinnate. 
Having  small  pinnate  leaflets,  intermixed 
with  larger  ones. 

In-ter-scap'u-lar.  [Interscapu- 

laris;  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and 
scap'ula,  the  “shoulder-blade.”]  Be- 
tween the  shoulder-blades. 

In-ter-sec'tion.  [IaiteB*sec'ti©, 
o'nis;  from  in' ter,  “between,”  or 
“across”?  and  sec'tio , a “cutting.”]  A 
“cutting  across,”  or  crossing,  of  two  lines 
or  objects.  See  Chiasma. 

In-ter-spi  'nal.  [laifterspma'lis ; 
from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  spi'na , a 
“spine.”]  Between  spines  or  spinous 
processes. 

In'teir-stSce.  [Intersti'tium ; from 
in' ter,  “between,”  and  sto,  to  “stand.”] 
The  slight  separation  between  organs,  or 
parts  of  organs;  the  minute  interval 
which  separates  the  molecules  of  bodies. 

Interstitial,  in-rer-stish'al.  [Inter- 
stitia'lis;  from  the  same.]  Situated 
between  ; pertaining  to  interstices. 

24* 


Interstitial  Absorp'tion,  also  termed 
Inter'nal  Absorp'tion.  The  absorption, 
in  cases  of  abscess,  of  textures  between 
the  cy.-t  and  the  skin,  by  which  the  cyst 
gradually  approaches  the  surface.  Also 
applied  to  the  process  by  which  the  effete 
materials  of  the  various  organs  and 
tissue  are  removed. 

In-t©r-t  rans' verse,  or  En-ter- 
trams-ver'safl.  [InterrtraBtsversa'- 
lil»5  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  trans- 
ver’aus,  “.across.”]  Between  the  trans' 
verse  processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

En-ier-4ri'g“©,  gr'ints.*  [From  in' ter, 
“between,”  and  te'ro,  tri'tum,  to  “rub,” 
or  “wear.”]  An  excoriation,  or  galling, 
of  the  skin  about  the  anus,  axilla,  or 
other  part  of  the  body,  with  inflamma- 
tion and  moisture. 

Esu-ter-valAar,  or  Esi'ter-valvecH. 
[Interval  va'ris,  or  Ian  ter  vat 'vis; 

from  in' ter,  “between,”  and  val'va,  a 
“valve.”]  Between  valves. 

Im-ter-ver'te-bral.  [Entorverte- 
hra'lis:  from  in' ter,  “between,”  and 
ver'tebra .]  Between  the  vertebrae. 

In-tes'ti-nal.  [Eiates*tifiDa'Iiis>;  from 
intesti'nurn , an  “intestine.”]  (Fr.  Ente- 
rique , oNG'tArek'.)  Belonging  to  the 
intestines. 

Im-tes'time,  or  Intes'tines.  [Emtes- 
ti' num,  plural  Intesti'na:  from  in'tus, 
“within.”]  The  long  membranous  tube 
continuing  from  the  stomach  to  the  anus, 
in  the  cavity  of  the  abdome  n;  th  bowels, 
or  entrails. 

EaB-to-na'tik&n.  [Ebb  t©BB  a' tl©,  © 'nis; 
from  in'tono,  intona'tum,  to  “thunder.”] 
The  same  as  Borborygmus. 

lBB-t©r'ti©Bi,  or  [En- 

tnr'ti©  or  EBBt©a*'sio,  o'nis;  from  intor'- 
queo,  intor'tum  or  intor'sum,  to  “twist,” 
to  “ twine.”]  The  phenomenon  presented 
by  certain  plants  twining  their  flexible 
stalks  around  others  for  support. 

[Eiitoxica'tio, 
o'nis;  from  in,  “into,”  and  tox’icum,  a 
“poison.”]  Literally,  the  “infusing  of 
poison  into”  the  system.  Applied  to  the 
effects  of  alcoholic  liquors  or  narcotic 
substances  used  in  excess;  ebriety.  See 
Temulentia. 

lBB-tra-f©-li-a'ceous.  [Inta*af<o>li- 

a'ceus;  from  in'tra,  “within,”  and  fo'- 
lium,  a “leaf.”]  Situated  within  the 
leaf,  or  between  the  leaf  and  stem,  as 
certain  stipules. 

laa-tra-mar'gi-BBal.  [Intramar- 
^isaa'lis;  from  in'tra,  “within,”  and 
mar'cfo,  a “ border.”]  Situated  within 
the  margin. 


277 


INT 


INV 


In-tra-ver'te-brat-ed.  [Isitra- 

vertebra'tus;  from  in'tra,  “ within, ” 
and  vertebra’ tus,  “vertebrated,”  or  “ hav- 
ing vertebrae.”]  Applied  to  animals  hav- 
ing their  osseous  system  within  the 
body.  The  same  as  vertebrated  in  its 
ordinary  acceptation. 

In-tri-ea-tw'ra.*  [From  intri'co, 
intrica’tum,  to  “ entangle.”]  An  entan- 
gling or  matting  of  the  hair.  See 
Plica.  Also,  the  same  as  Chiasma. 

In-tro-ftexecl'.  [From  in'tro , “ in- 
wards,” and  flee’ to,  flex’ um,  to  “bend.”] 
Bent  strongly  inwards. 

In-tro'I-tus.*  [From  in'tro,  “in- 
wards,” and  e'o , i’tum , to  “go.”]  En- 
trance. Hence  the  term  introitus  (or 
apertur a)  pelvis  superior  is  applied  to  the 
upper  or  abdominal  strait  of  the  pelvis. 

Iai-trorse'.  [Intror'sus.]  Turned 
inwards,  towards  the  axis  or  pistil,  as 
some  anthers. 

Introsusception.  See  Intussus- 
ception, and  Invagination. 

In-tu-mes'^ence.  [Intuinescen'- 
tia;  from  intumes'co,  to  “swell.”]  A 
swelling;  an  increase  in  volume  of  the 
tissue  of  any  part  or  organ.  Applied  in 
the  plural  ( fntumescen'tise ) to  an  order  of 
the  class  Cachexise  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Iii-tus-sus-^ep'tion.  [Intussus- 
cep'tio,  o 'nis;  from  in' tun,  “within,” 
and  8iiscip'io,  suscep'  turn,  to  “ receive.”] 
The  taking  of  nourishment  into  the  in- 
terior as  a principal  part  of  the  process  of 
nutrition  of  plants  and  animals.  Also,  a 
condition  in  which  a portion  of  intestine 
has  passed,  for  some  length,  within  an- 
other portion  (as  a small  tube  might  slide 
into  a larger  one),  thereby  obstructing 
the  passage  of  their  contents,  and  caus- 
ing serious  disease;  indigitation;  in- 
vagination. 

In'u-la.*  [Corruption  of  Hele4nium .] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Synge- 
nesis, natural  order  Asteraces  of  Lind- 
ley  (or  Composite  of  Jussieu).  Also,  the 
Pharmaeopoeial  name  (U.S.  and  Lond. 
Ph.)  for  the  root  of  Inula  helenium. 

In'ula  Ilo-le'ni-uin.  The  plant 
elecampane. 

In'u-lin,  or  Iii'u-Une.  [Iiiuli'na.] 

A vegetable  product  discovered  in  the 
Inula  helenium,  or  elecampane. 

In-iinc'tion.  [9  n ci  net  io,  o’nis  ; 

from  in,  “into,”  “upon,”  and  un'gno, 
unc'tum,  to  “ anoint.”]  (Fr.  Onction , 
6\rk'xe-6x*',  or  Inonction,  ^'niNk'se-dx0'.) 
The  act  of  rubbing  in  ointment,  or  simply 
of  anointing. 

lu-un'diit-ed.  [Inunda'tus ; from 
278 


imin'do,  inunda' turn,  to  “overflow.”]  Ap- 
plied to  plants  which,  in  certain  seasons, 
live  under  water. 

In-ustion.  [Inus'tio,  o 'nis;  from 
in,  “in,”  and  u' ro,  us' turn,  to  “burn.”] 
A term  applied  to  the  burning  operation 
of  the  cautery. 

In-vag-I-na'tion.  [In  vagina 'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  invagi' no,  invagina' turn , to 
“sheathe.”]  Another  term  for  Intus- 
susception. Also,  an  operation  for 
hernia,  in  which,  after  reduction,  the 
skin  is  thrust  by  the  finger  of  the  opera- 
tor into  the  canal,  so  as  to  form  a cul  de 
sac  open  externally,  retained  by  means 
of  sutures,  etc.,  till  inflammation  and 
adhesion  ensue,  with  the  view  of  oblite- 
rating the  canal. 

In'va-lid.  [Inval'idus:  from  in, 

negative,  and  val'idns,  “strong.”]  Ap- 
plied to  those  affected  by  sickness. 

fin-va'sion.  [Inva'sio,  o'nis;  from 
inva'do,  inva'sum,  to  “invade,”  to 
“seize.”]  The  first  development  of  the 
phenomena  of  a disease;  access. 

In-ver-mi-na'tion.  [From  in, 
t(  within,”  and  ver'rnino,  vermina'tum,  to 
“have  worms.”]  The  diseased  condition 
caused  by  the  presence  of  Entozo'a,  or 
worms  in  the  intestinal  canal. 

In-ver'te«brate.  [Invertebra'- 
tus;  from  in,  negative,  and  vertebra’ tus, 
“vertebrated.”]  Having  no  vertebrae. 
Applied  to  animals  in  the  plural  neuter 
{Invertebra’ ta),  in  contradistinction  to 
the  Vertebrata. 

In-vol'u-cel.  [Involucel'lum ; 

diminutive  of  involu’ crum.^  A second- 
ary or  partial  involucre. 

In-vo-lu'cral.  [Involucra'lis; 

from  involu' crum,  an  “involucre.”]  Be- 
longing to  an  involucre. 

In-vo-lu'crat-cd.  [Involucra'- 

tus;  from  the  same.]  Having  involu- 
cres. 

In'vo-lu-cre.  [Involu 'crum;  from 

invol'vo,  involu’ turn,  to  “wrap  up.”]  A 
membrane  covering  any  part.  A set  of 
bracts  surrounding  a flower-cluster,  or  a 
whorl  of  bracts  situated  at  the  base  of 
an  umbel  or  a capitulum.  Sometimes  it 
forms  a kind  of  outer  calyx  to  each 
flower,  as  in  the  Mallow. 

In-vo-lu'cri-form.  [Involucri- 
for'mis;  from  the  same.]  Resembling 
an  involucre. 

In'vo-lul-cd.  [Involu 'tus;  from 

in,  “inward,”  and  vol'vo,  valid  turn . to 
“roll.”]  Rolled  inwards. 

Iu-vo-lu-tl-fo'll-ous.  [Involuti- 

lb'lius;  froir  involu' tus,  “folded  iu,” 


IOD 


IRI 


and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having  leaves 
folded  inward  from  summit  to  base. 

I'o-tlate.  [I'otlas,  a'<<«.]  A com- 
bination of  iodic  acid  with  a base. 

ro-«lat-?4l.  [So4la'tus;  from  ior di- 
uni,  “iodine.”]  Containing  iodine. 

I4>ile.  See  Iodinium. 

I-4>4les.*  [From  log,  “verdigris,” 
“poison.”]  Full  of  verdigris. 

I-od'ic.  [Io4l'icus;  from  io’dinm, 
“iodine.”]  Belonging  to  iodine.  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid,  also  termed  oxyodic. 

I-4>4l'»-ca.*  [The  neuter  plural  of 
iod’icns : see  Iodic.]  A class  of  pharma- 
ceutical remedies,  consisting  of  prepa- 
rations of  iodine. 

I'o-4li4le.  [Iod'idmii;  from  io'dinm, 
“iodine.”]  A combination  of  iodine 
with  a simple  body. 

Ioriina.  See  Iodinium. 

Iodine.  See  Iodinium. 

I-o-din  I-iim  also  written  I-o'- 
4II-11  in, :i:  I-od'I-na,  ; and  I-4Ml'i-num.* 
[From  iSifiTjg,  “violet-colored.”]  (Fr. 
lode,  &'od'.)  Iodine.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  of  a simple  body  obtained 
from  certain  sea-weeds,  and  from  sponge. 
Iodine  operates  as  a general  excitant  of 
the  vital  actions,  especially  of  the  ab- 
sorbent and  glandular  systems.  It  is 
much  employed  as  a remedy  in  scrofula, 
in  nearly  all  the  forms  of  this  disease. 
In  over-doses,  it  is  an  irritant  poison. 
A serious  objection  to  its  extensive  em- 
ployment as  a medicine,  arises  from  its 
operating  very  unequally  on  different 
persons.  A dose  which  would  act  very 
moderately  in  a large  majority  of 
cases,  will  sometimes  produce,  in  cer- 
tain constitutions,  the  most  distress- 
ing symptoms,  such  as  extreme  restless- 
ness, nausea,  palpitations,  vomiting  and 
purging,  violent  cramps,  etc.,  attended 
with  permanently  injurious  effects  on  the 
system.  The  physician  should,  there- 
fore, unless  he  is  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  idiosyncrasy  of  his  patient, 
commence  the  use  of  this  remedy  with 
great  caution ; after  observing  its  effects, 
he  may  gradually  increase  the  dose,  if 
it  should  seem  advisable  to  do  so. 

lo-flism.  [I04lis'mus;  from  io'- 
dinm, “iodine.”]  That  derangement  of 
the  system  produced  by  the  continued 
administration  of  iodine. 

IcMliiim.  See  Iodinium. 

I-oiI'o-forEti.  [From  io’dinm, 

“iodine,”  and  for’myle.]  A body  analo- 
gous to  formic  acid  when  the  oxygen  is 
replaced  by  iodine. 

1-0-410^-  H4>'sis.*  [From  io'dinm , 


“iodine,”  and  yivdvKos^  to  “know.”]  A 
knowledge  of  the  properties  of  iodine. 

I-4>-4l4>n»'e-tlie.*  [From  io’dinm , 
“iodine,”  and  ylOn,  “drunkenness.”]  The 
nervous  state  induced  by  too  free  use  of 
iodine.  See  Iodism. 

I-o-4l4>i>ii'thi-sis.:;:‘  [From  io'dinm, 
“iodine,”  and  phthis'is,  a “wasting.”] 
Tabes,  or  wasting,  caused  by  the  abuse, 
or  excessive  use,  of  iodine.  See  Iodism. 

I'4>-4loiis.  [I4>4!o'sus;  from  io’dinm, 
“iodine.”]  Belonging  to  iodine.  Ap> 
plied  to  an  acid. 

I-4Ml'u-ret.  [I«4lure'tnm;  from 
iodin'inm,  “iodine.”]  A combination 
of  iodine  with  a simple  body. 

I*4>n'tlms.$  [From  lovOog , “down.”] 
The  down,  or  soft  hair,  which  precedes 
the  beard.  Also,  a pimple  on  the  face, 
resembling,  or  identical  with,  Acne. 

I-op'ter-us.s  [From  lor,  a “violet,” 
and  n repor,  a “wing.”]  Having  wings 
of  a violet  color:  iop'terous. 

Ip-e-cac-u-ati'Iia.'*  (This  word  is 
used  in  South  America  to  signify  vomit- 
ing root.)  A name  given  to  several  rnd 
very  different  species  of  plants.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  root  of 
Ccphaelis  Ipecacuanha,  otherwise  called 
the  fpceacnanhse  Radix  (“Root  of  Ipe- 
cacuanha”). Ipecacuanha,  in  small  doses, 
is  a diaphoretic  and  expectorant,  in  large 
doses  it  is  an  emetic.  A moderate  dose 
sometimes  acts  on  the  bowels. 

I-p4>-mse'a.'**  [From  ip,  a “worm,” 
and  byoiog,  “like.”]  A Linnaean  genus 
of  the  class  Pcntandria,  natural  order 
Conrolrulacesc. 

Iponuea  Ja-la'pa,*  Ipoime'a 
Pur^a.*  Names  for  the  jalap-plant. 

[From  i'ris,  and  u\yog, 
“pain.”]  Pain  of  the  iris:  iral'gy. 

I rd-an-kis't rl-u m,-  Ir-E-an-Uis'- 
tr4>ai.*  [From  i'ris,  and  ay k torpor,  a 
“fish-hook.”]  An  instrument,  hook- 
shaped, used  in  the  operation  for  artificial 
pupil  by  separati  n. 

Iri4lacese,*ir-e-da'she-e,  orIr'i-4les.'‘* 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  including  the  Iris,  Crocus,  and 
Gladiolus,  which  are  prized  for  their 
beauty.  Saffron  is  procured  from  the 
Crocus  Sativa. 

Ir-a-eladmi-a.*  [From  i'ris,  ir'idis, 
the  “iris,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”]  Haemor- 
rhage from  the  iris. 

See  Iralgia. 

Ir-i-Ela'tio,  [From  i'ris,  ir'i- 

'dis,  the  “rainbow.”]  The  property  of 
producing  the  appearance  of  the  colors 
of  the  rainbow  : irida'tion. 


279 


IRI 


IRR 


Ir-i-daux-e'sis.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
avfyaig,  “ increase.”]  Thickening  or 
growth  of  the  iris,  from  exudation  into 
its  substance. 

Ir-i-dec'to-mus.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
eKTS/xinxi,  to  “ cut  out.”]  An  instrument  or 
kind  of  knife  used  for  the  operation  of 
iridectomy : an  iridec'tome. 

Ir-i-dec'to-my.  [Iridecto'mia ; 
from  the  same.]  The  operation  of  re- 
moving or  cutting  out  a portion  of  the 
iris.  See  Corectomia. 

Ir-i-dec-tro'pi-ttima.*  [From  i'ris, 
and  ectro'pium , “eversion.”]  Eversion 
of  a portion  of  the  iris : iridec'tropy. 

Ir-a-deai-tro'pa-iama.*  [From  i'ris, 
and  entro'pium , “ inversion.”]  Inversion 
of  a portion  of  the  iris. 

Ir-i-de-re'mi-a.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
ipti/xia,  “ destitution/’  “ deficiency.”]  De- 
fect, or  imperfect  condition,  of  the  iris. 

Irides,*  ir'e-dez,  the  plural  of  I'ris, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natu- 
ral order  of  plants.  See  Iridacea:. 

Ir-a-des'<Eeiat.  [From  i'ris,  the  “rain- 
bow.”] Applied  to  minerals  exhibiting 
the  colors  of  the  rainbow. 

I-rid'a-nm,*  [From  i'ris,  the  “rain- 
bow.”] A metal  named  in  allusion  to 
the  variety  of  colors  exhibited  by  its 
solutions.  It  is  extremely  hard,  and  the 
most  infusible  of  all  known  metals. 
Specific  gravity,  about  18.6.  It  was 
discovered  in  1803,  associated  with  the 
ore  of  platinum. 

Ir'i-do-^ele.*  [From  i'ris,  and  xfi\rj, 
a “tumor.”]  Hernia,  in  which  a portion 
of  the  iris  is  protruded. 

IrI-do-$i-ne'sis.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
Kivr]<jig,  “motion.”]  The  movement  of 
the  iris,  its  contraction  and  expansion. 

Ir'I-do-di-al'y-sis.*  [From  i’ris, 
and  diaX’ioig,  a “separation.”]  The  opera- 
tion for  artificial  pupil  by  separation. 
See  Coredialysis. 

Ir  I-do-do-aae'sis.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
dosrjo’is,  an  “agitation.”]  Trembling  or 
agitation  of  the  iris. 

Sridomalacia,*  ir'e-do-ma-la'shc-a. 
[From  i'ris,  and  paXaxia,  “softness.”] 
Softening  of  the  iris. 

Ir-X-don'cus.**  [From  i'ris,  and 
dyx'ig,  a “tumor.”]  Tumor  or  swelling 
of  the  iris;  a tumid  iris. 

I-rid-o-pla'nl-a.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
TrXavdcj,  to  “wander.”]  The  same  as 
Iridodoxesis,  which  see. 

Ir-1-dot'o-my-  [Iridoto'imia ; from 
i'ris,  and  ripi/v,  to  “cut.”]  The  operation 
for  artificial  pupil  by  incision.  Seo 
Corectomia.  I 

280 


Ir-i-dot'ro-nms.*  [From  i'ris,  and 
rpo/xog,  a “trembling.”]  The  same  as 
Iridodonesis,  which  see. 

I'ris,*  gen.  Ir'i-dis.  Originally,  a 
“rainbow.”  A delicate  circular  mem- 
brane of  the  eye,  floating  in  the  aqueous 
humor,  suspended  vertically  behind  the 
cornea,  and  perforated  to  form  the  pupil. 
It  received  its  name  from  the  variety  of 
its  colors.  Also,  the  name  of  a plant. 

I'ris  Flor-esB-ii'iia.*  (“Florentine 
Orris.”)  The  Pharmacopceial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  rhizoma  of  the  Iris  Floren- 
tina. 

I'ris  Ver-sic'o-lor.*  Blue  Flag. 
The  Pharmacopceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  rhizoma  of  the  Iris  versicolor. 

Ir-M-sa'iioii.  [Erisa'tio,  © 'nis;  from 
i'ris,  the  “ rainbow.”]  The  effect  of  de- 
composition of  light  by  the  prism,  and 
observed  in  many  bodies,  shells,  and  in- 
sects, caused  by  the  particular  arrange- 
ment of  the  molecules  on  their  surface, 
by  fissures,  etc. 

I'ris&i  Moss.  The  Chondrus  crispus. 

I-rit'i-ciis.*  Belonging  to  iritis: 
irit'ic. 

I-ri'tis.*  Inflammation  of  the  iris. 

I'ron.  [Lat.  Fer'rum;  Gr.  oi6rtpog • 
Fr.  Fer,  feR;  Ger.  Eisen , i'zen.]  The 
strongest,  most  common,  and  most  use- 
ful of  the  metals.  Some  of  its  com- 
pounds afford  medicines  of  great  value. 
Combined  with  a small  quantity  of  car- 
bon, thus  forming  steel,  it  possesses  great 
hardness.  Iron  has  the  rare  property  cf 
capability  of  being  welded.  Specific 
gravity,  about  7.7. 

Iron  Filings.  See  Ferri  Ramenta. 

Iron  Wire.  See  Ferri  Filum. 

Ir-ra-di-a/ttiom.  [Irradia'tti©.  o' n is; 

from  irra'dio,  irradia'tum , to  “shine 
upon.”]  The  phenomenon  of  the  appa- 
rent enlargement  of  a body  strongly 
illuminated,  as  a fixed  star,  the  image  of 
which  is  never  a point,  but  a disk  having 
a sensible  diameter. 

Ir-re-du'cM-Jble.  [From  in,  negative, 
and  redid co,  reduc'tum,  to  “reduce.”] 
(Fr.  Irreductible,  6'rAduk'tebl'.)  A term 
applied  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernia, 
etc.,  when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

Hrrcdaiclible.  See  Irreducible. 

Ir-rl-ga'tion.  [From  ir'riyo,  irri- 
ija’tum,  to  “water.”]  The  continual 
application  of  a lotion,  by  dropping  water 
on  an  affected  part. 

[Irritabil'itas, 

o'tis ; from  irri'to , irrita'tum,  to  “pro- 
voke,” to  “excite.”]  A property  pecu> 
liar  to  muscular  substance,  by  which  it 


IRR 


ISO 


contracts  on  the  application  of  a stimu- 
lus. 

Ir-ri-ta'tion.  [From  the  same.]  The 
excessive  action  of  any  stimulus,  caus- 
ing a morbid  increase  in  the  circulation 
or  sensibility. 

Ir'ri-ta-tive  Fe'vei*.  That  violent 
derangement  of  the  system  excited  by 
great  irritation,  as  from  wounds,  ulcers, 
etc. 

Is-a-d  el 'pirns.*  [From  iao?,  “equal,” 
and  dde\(pog,  a “ brother.'’]  Having  dia- 
delphous  stamens  forming  two  equal 
packets : isadel'phous. 

Is-an-tlie'rus.*  [From  \<rog,  “ equal,” 
and  anthc'ra,  an  “ anther.”]  Having 
anthers  equal  or  alike:  isanthe'rous. 

I-saai'tiims.*  [From  bog,  “ equal,” 
and  vuQog,  a “flower.”]  Having  the 
teguments  of  all  their  flowers  alike : 
isan'thous. 

I-sa'tas  Tinc-to'ra-a.*  Woad.  A 
plant  from  which  an  inferior  kind  of  in- 
digo is  procured. 

Is-clri-ad'ic.  The  same  as  Iscm- 
atic,  which  see. 

IscSiiadocele.  See  Ischiocele. 

Is-elii'a-gra.*  [From  iaxioj,  the 
“haunch,”  and  uypa,  a “seizure.”]  Gout 
in  the  haunch.  Also,  Sciatica. 

Is-eM-al'gi-a.*  [From  ioxiov,  the 
“hip,”  and  d\yog,  “pain.”]  Is'chialgy. 
Pain  in  the  ischium. 

Is'-elfoi-as,  adis*  [From  ioxiov,  the 
“hip.”]  Gout,  or  a rheumatic  affection, 
of  the  hip-joint. 

Is-chi-at'ic.  [IscBiiat'icais.]  Be- 
longing to  the  ischium. 

Is-elai-a-ti'tis.*  Inflammation  of  the 
Ischiatic  nerve. 

Isclaiatocele.  See  Ischiocele. 

Is-elii-dro'sis.*  [From  \o\w,  to 
“suppress,”  and  'dp's,  “sweat.”]  Defi- 
ciency, or  suppression,  of  sweat,  or  of 
transpiration. 

Is-chi-drotl-cus.^  Belonging  to 

ischidrosis. 

Is'-eM-©-.  [F*om  ioxiov,  the  “hip.”] 
A prefix  denoting  connection  with  the 
ischium,  or  with  the  hip-joint. 

[From  ioxiov , the 
“hip,”  and  Ku\rh  a “tumor.”]  Hernia 
at  the  ischiadic  foramen. 

IscMon.  See  Ischium. 

Is'-eM-o-iaeM-ral'gi-a.*  [From  ?V- 
c hinm,  the  “hip,”  and  neural* gin,  “pain 
of  a nerve.”]  Ischiatic  neuralgy ; sci- 
atica. 

Is>€lii-oph'tM-sis.$  [From  is'chium, 
the  “hip,”  and  (pQloig , a “wasting.”] 
laterally,  “consumption,  or  wasting,  of 


the  hip-joint.”  Hip-joint  disease.  See 
Cox  arum  Morbus. 

[From  hxts,  the  “loin.”] 
(Fr.  Os  de  Vassiette,  <3  d’l&'se'ett'.)  The 
posterior  and  inferior  bone  of  the  pelvis, 
distinct  and  separate  in  the  foetus  or  in- 
fant; or  the  corresponding  part  of  the 
Os  innomina' turn  in  the  adult. 

Is-chu'ri-a."  [From  ioxo>,  to  “sup- 
press,” and  ovpov,  “urine.”]  Retention 
or  stoppage  of  the  urine.  A genus  of 
the  order  Epischeses,  class  Locales , of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Is-ihn>r]*oplidlial'ini*a.;i;  [From 

ischu'ria,  and  oplithal'ruia,  “inflamma- 
tion of  the  eyes.”]  Ophthaliny  from 
suppression  of  the  urine. 

I ' si M -glass.  [Probably  a corruption 
of  Hausenblase , how'zen-bl&'zeh,  or 
how'zen-bl&s;  from  house,  a “sturgeon,” 
and  blase,  a “bladder.”]  Fish-glue,  pre- 
pared chiefly  from  the  air-bladder  of  the 
sturgeon.  See  Ichthyocolla. 

I-soeh'ro-neus,  or  I-so«h'ro-nal. 
[Isocli'rcnns;  from  1 cos,  “equal,”  and 
Xpotog,  “time.”]  Enduring  an  equal 
space  of  time,  or  performed  in  equal 
times,  as  the  vibratic  ns  of  a pendulum. 

I-soelft'ro-iis.*  [From  loog,  “equal,” 
and  Xpoa,  “color  of  the  skin.”]  Of  uni- 
form color:  isoch'roous. 

Is-o-c*li'BBal.  Is«o«clm  i-cal.  [Iso- 
clim'icus;  from  hog,  “equal,”  and  *Ai/  a>, 
to  “incline.”]  Of  equal  inclination. 

I-sod'ro-mus.*  [From  bog,  “equal,” 
and  ipopiog,  a “course.”]  Similar  to 
Isochrones,  which  see. 

Is-o-dy-nam'ic.  [Isodyn'amus ; 
from  loog,  “equal,”  and  6 vvapug,  “power.”] 
Having  equal  powers:  isodyn'amous. 

Is-o-g-©ii'ic.  [Isogon'icus;  from 
hog , “equal,”  and  ycovia,  an  “angle.”] 
Having  equal  angles. 

Is'o-lai-ed.  [From  the  Italian  isola , 
£'so-l&,  an  “island.”]  The  same  as  In- 
sulated, which  see. 

Is-o-mer  ic.  [From  hog , and  n?pog,  a 
“part.”]  Composed  of  the  same  ele- 
ments in  the  same  proportions,  but 
chemically  and  physically  different. 

I-s©m'er-ism.  [Isomeris'mus ; 
from  the  same.]  The  state  of  compounds 
that  are  isomeric.  Identity  in  respect  to 
the  quality  and  quantity  of  the  constitu- 
ents, with  essential  difference  of  chemical 
properties. 

Isomeros.  See  Isomeric. 

Is-o-mor'pluism.  [Isemorpliis'- 
mus.]  The  state  or  arrangement  of 
bodies  that  are  isomorphous. 

Is-o-mor 'phous.  [Isomor'phas ; 

281 


ISO 


IVY 


from  ho;,  “equal,”  and  popfo'i,  “form.”] 
Of  the  same  form.  Applied  to  substances 
which  resemble  each  other  in  their  crys- 
talline forms,  but  differ  in  their  compo- 
nent parts. 

Is-o-patEi'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  Isop- 
athy : isopath'ic. 

I-sop'a-t2iy.  [Isopathi'a ; from 
ho;,  “equal,”  “exactly  like,”  or  “the 
same,”  and  tt aOo;,  an  “ affection,”  or  “ dis- 
ease.”] A branch  of  Homoeopathy  which 
recommends  the  administration  of  virus 
as  a remedy,  in  the  same  disease  by 
which  it  is  produced.  Thus,  it  is  said 
that  small-pox  may  be  cured  by  minute 
doses  of  variolous  matter,  etc.  The  dif- 
ference between  Isopathy  and  Homoeopa- 
thy, as  the  latter  is  commonly  under- 
stood, is  indicated  by  the  etymology  of 
the  terms.  The  one  (Homoeopathy)  aims 
to  cure  disease  by  inducing  a condition 
of  the  system  similar  to  that  produced 
by  the  disease.  The  other  (Isopathy) 
would  combat  disease  by  employing  the 
same  (that  is,  the  disease  itself)  as  a 
weapon. 

Is-o-pet'a-lous.  [Isopet'alus ; from 
ho;,  “equal,”  and  neraXov,  a “petal.”] 
Having  equal  petals. 

I-sop'o-dous.  [Isop'odus;  from 
ho;,  “equal,”  and  irovg,  a “foot.”]  Equal- 
footed. 

I-sos'$e-les.*  [From  ho;,  “equal,” 
and  oksXo;,  a “leg.”]  Having  equal  legs, 
or  sides. 

Is-o-s$e'm»-nous.  [Isoste'moais ; 

from  ho;,  “equal,”  and  cThpoos,  a “sta- 
men.”] Having  stamens  equal  to  the 
number  of  petals. 

Is-o-ther'mal,  or  Is-o-ttier'mous. 
[I»o  tlier  in  ns  ; from  ho;,  “equal,”  and 
depun,  “heat.”]  Of  the  same  degree  of 
heat;  of  the  same  temperature.  In 
Physical  Geography,  isothermal  lines  are 
those  passing  on  the  surface  of  the  earth 
through  those  points  at  which  the  mean 
annual  temperature  is  the  same.  Iso- 
thermal zones  are  spaces  on  opposite 
sides  of  the  equator,  having  the  same 
mean  temperature,  and  bounded  by  cor- 
responding isothermal  lines. 

Issue.  rL  at.  Foil  tic 'ulus;  F r.  Fonti- 
cnle , f6.\0'tAkiil'.]  A small  ulcer  or  sore 
produced  by  art,  and  kept  open  by  insert- 
ing a pea  or  other  small  body,  with  a 
view  to  relieve  irritation  or  morbid  action 
in  a neighboring  part.  See  Revulsion. 

Istli'ini-cus.*  [From  isth'mus,  a 
“neck,”  or  “ narrow  passage.”]  Belong- 
ing to  the  isthmus  fancium , or  to  a neck 
of  land. 

282 


IstSn-rcrai'tis,  id  is*  [From  isth'mns 
fau'cium.]  Inflammation  of  the  isthmus 

fancium . 

IstEuranodes.  See  Isthmoides. 

Isftii-mo-dyn'I-a.*  [From  isth'mus 
fau'cium,  and  down,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  fauces. 

IstBa-mo-i'des.*  [From  isth'mus  fau'- 
cium, and  ddo;,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
the  isthmus  fancium:  isth'moid. 

IstBi-mo-pa-£Ihi'a.*  [From  isth'mus 
fau'cium,  and  n dOo;,  “ disease.”]  Disease 
of  the  fauces. 

Istti-mo-ple'gi-a.*  [From  isth'mus 
fau'cium,  and  rr Xny'i,  a “ stroke.”]  Para- 
lysis of  the  isthmus  fancium. 

Is£k-mop'y-ra.*  [From  isth'mus 
fau'cium,  and7rup,  “fire.”]  Inflammation 
of  'the  fauces. 

Isth'mus.*  [Gr.  hOpog,  a “neck.”] 
A term  denoting  a neck,  or  narrow  pass- 
age; as,  isthmus  fancium,  literally,  “the 
narrow  passage  of  the  fauces.” 

Itch.  See  Scabies,  Psora,  and 
Psoriasis. 

-Ite.  A terminal  denoting  a salt  from 
a combination  of  an  acid,  the  name  of 
which  ends  in  -ous. 

I' ter.*  A passage  of  communication 
between  two  or  more  parts. 

I'terad  Infundib'ulum.*  (“Passage 
to  the  Infundibulum.”)  The  passage  of 
communication  between  the  third  ven- 
tricle of  the  brain  and  the  infundibulum. 
It  is  also  termed  fora’ men  commu'ne  «h- 
te'rius. 

I'ter  a Pala'to  ad  Au'rem.*  (“  Pass- 
age from  the  Palate  to  the  Ear.”)  The 
Eustachian  tube. 

I'ter  a Ter'tio  ad  Quar'tum  Ven- 
tric'ulum.*  (“Passage  from  the  Third 
to  the  Fourth  Ventricle.”)  See  Aque- 
duct of  Syla^ius. 

Ith-y-phyl'lus.*  [From  iOv >, 
“straight,”  and  (pvWou,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing straight  leaves. 

-5tis.  A terminal,  denoting  inflam- 
mation of  any  organ *or  part  indicated 
by  the  word  to  which  it  is  added.  Thus, 
gastritis  [from  yaorhp,  the  “ stomach”] 
signifies  “ inflammation  of  the  stomach :” 
splenitis  [from  (m\hv,  the  “spleen”],  in- 
flammation of  the  spleen,  etc. 

lul^iceous.  See  Julaceous. 

Ivoire.  See  Ivory. 

I'vo-ry.  (Fr.  Ivoire,  &Vw1r'.)  The 
bone-like  matter  of  the  tusks  of  the  ele- 
phant and  some  other  animals. 

Ivory  Black.  See  Carbon,  Animal* 

Ivresse.  See  Temulentia. 

Ivy.  See  IIedera. 


JAC 


JOI 


J. 


Jacobi  Membrana.  See  Membrana 
Jacobi. 

Jac-ti-ta'tiom.  [Jaetita'tio,  ©'may 
from  jac'tito, jactita' turn , to  “toss  often. ”J 
The  constant  tossing  from  one  position 
to  another,  the  effect  of  restlessness  in 
acute  diseases. 

Jafna  Moss.  A species  of  moss 
found  in  Ceylon,  yielding  a semi-opaque 
jelly,  nutritious  for  invalids,-  also  called 
Ceylon  moss. 

Ja-la'pa.*  [From  Jala' pa,  or  Xa- 
la'pa , its  native  place.]  Jalap.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  root  of  Ex- 
ogonium  purga , otherwise  called  the  Ipo- 
msc'a  Jala' pa.  Jalap  is  an  active  cathar- 
tic, producing  copious  watery  discharges. 
It  is. usually  given  in  connection  with 
other  medicines  which  assist  or  qualify 
its  operation.  Combined  with  the  bitar- 
trate of  potash,  it  is  much  employed  as  a 
remedy  in  dropsy,  in  the  hip-disease,  and 
in  other  scrofulous  affections  of  the 
joints. 

Ma'pa  Al'ba.*  (“  Whito  Jalap.”) 
A name  for  the  Convolvulus  mechoacana, 
or  mcchoacan. 

Jal'a-pin,  or  Jal'a-2i>5me.  [Jala- 
pi  'na.j  The  active  principle  of  jalap. 

Jamaica  Bark.  See  Bark,  Cari- 
bean. 

Ja-mai'ca  Pep'per.  Dried  berries 

of  Mgrtus  pimenta. 

Jamaica  Spirit.  [SpiB*'itns  Ja- 
maacen'sis.j  A name  for  rum. 

James’s  IPow'der.  [Pail 'vis  Jac©'- 
bi;  from  Dr.  James,  its  inventor.]  A 
febrifuge  preparation  for  which  the  Pul- 
vis  antimonialis  is  substituted. 

Jaa'I-pHia  Man'i-kot,*  or  Jat'ro- 
plia  Man'ikot.*  A plant  from  which 
tapioca  and  Cassava  bread  are  ob- 
tained. 

Ja-pan'  Earth.  The  substance 
termed  catechu. 

Jarret,  zha'riP.  The  French  term 
for  Poples,  which  see. 

Jasmin.  See  Jasminum. 

Jasanimacese,*  jas-mi-na'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  grow- 
ing abundantly  in  tropical  India.  It  in- 
cludes the  Jasmine  ( Jas'minum ),  which 
yields  a fragrant  oil. 

Jas-min'e-av*  The  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Jas- 

MINACEjE. 

Jas'ini-num  (Fr. 


Jasmin,  zhUs'maNo'.)  A plant  of  the 
Linnsean  class  Diandria,  natural  order 
Jasminacese.  The  flowers  yield  an  essen- 
tial oil  used  as  an  external  application 
in  paralysis  and  rheumatism. 

Jas'per.  [Jas'pls.]  A silicious  mine- 
ral, prized  for  its  variegated  colors.  It 
is  used  in  jewelry. 

Jat'ro-pka.*  A Linnacan  genus  of 
the  class  Moncxcia,  natural  order  Eu- 
phorbiacese. 

Jat'ropha  Cur'cas.*  A plant  which 
grows  in  South  America,  the  West  In- 
dies, and  Western  Africa.  The  oil  ob- 
tained from  the  seeds  is  similar  in  its 
medicinal  properties  to  croton  oil,  but  is 
less  powerful. 

Jatropha  Manikot.  See  Janipiia 
Manihot. 

Jat'ro-pkate.  [Jat'rophas,  a'fns.] 
A combination  of  j atrophic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Jann'dice.  [From  the  French  jau- 
nisse,  zho'ness',  “yellowness,”  or  the 
“ yellows $”  so  named  from  its  color.] 
See  Icterus. 

Jannisse,  zho'n&ss'.  A French  term 
for  “jaundice.”  See  Icterus. 

Jaw.  See  Maxilla. 

Jecair.  See  Liver. 

Je-ju  num.’-  [From  jeju’nus,  “fast- 
ing,”  “jejune,”  “empty.”]  The  second 
portion  of  the  small  intestine ; so  named 
because  it  is  usually  found  empty,  or 
nearly  so,  in  the  dead  body. 

Jel  ly.  The  common  name  for  gela- 
tine. 

Je-ru'sa-lem  Arti-clioke.  The 

Helianthus  Tubcrosus,  a species  of  sun- 
flower, the  root  of  which  resembles  the 
artichoke  in  taste.  The  term  Jerusalem 
as  applied  to  artichoke  is  a curious  cor- 
ruption of  the  Italian  term  gira-sole 
(jeeTA  so'l&),  that  is,  turn-sun  in  English 
and  heliotrope  ( i]\iOTf»cmiov ) in  Greek. — 
(Hoblyn.) 

Jes'u-it’s  Bark.  A name  for  Cincho- 
na, because  introduced  into  Europe  by  a 
Jesuit. 

Jet.  A black,  bituminous  substance, 
used  for  ornaments,  vessels,  etc. 

Jeunesse,  zhuh'n£ss'.  The  French 
term  for  “youth,”  or  Adolescence,  which 
see. 

Joint.  See  Articitlus. 

Joint,  Contraction  of,  Joint, 
Stiffened.  See  Ankylosis. 


283 


JOU 


JUY 


Joue,  zhoo.  The  French  word  for 
“cheek.’’  See  Gena. 

Ju'ga,*  the  plural  of  Jugum,  which 
see. 

Jugate  <l>s.  See  Os  Malal 

Ju-ga'les,*  plural  of  Juga'lis.  A 
name  of  the  superficial  temporal,  or  zyg- 
omatic, nerves,  given  off  from  the  facial. 

Jti-ga'lis.*  Belonging  to  the  Os 
juyale , or  cheek-bone. 

Juglandaceae,*  jug-lan-da'she-e.  A 
small  natural  order  of  exogenous  trees, 
natives  of  the  temperate  parts  of  North 
America  and  Asia.  It  includes  the 
Walnut  ( Jug  Ians ),  and  Hickory  {Cary  a). 
A valuable  oil  is  obtained  from  some 
species  of  Juylans.  The  bark  is  purga- 
tive. 

Jug 'Ians.*  Butternut.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  inner 
bark  of  the  root  of  Jiujlans  cinerea.  It 
is  a mild  cathartic,  resembling  rhubarb 
in  its  operation. 

Ju'gu-lar.  [Jugula'ris;  from 
ju'yulnm,  the  “throat.”]  Belonging  to 
the  throat. 

Jugular  Veins.  The  large  veins 
which  run  from  the  head  down  the  sides 
of  the  neck,  and  are  termed,  according 
to  their  situation,  internal  or  external. 

Jugu-lusai.*  [From  jn'yum , a 
“yoke.”]  The  throat,  or  fore-part  of 
the  neck. 

Ju'guan,*  plural  Jn'ga.  A Latin 
word,  signifying  originally  a “yoke:” 
also,  a “ridge,”  or  “hill.”  Applied  in 
Botany  to  the  ridges,  or  ribs,  on  the 
fruit  of  umbelliferous  plants. 

Ju  jube.  [Juju'ba.]  The  fruit  of 
the  Rhu  n' tins  Ziz’yphus,  a native  of  the 
south  of  Europe,  from  which  a pectoral 
lozenge  is  prepared. 

Jul.  = Jule'pus .*  “A  julep.” 

Ju-la'ceous.  [From  ju'lus , a “cat- 
kin.”] Resembling  a catkin. 

Ju'le?>.  [Lat.  Jula'pium,  or  Jule'- 
pus; Arab.  Julzb , a “sweet  potion.”] 
A liquid  medicine  of  an  agreeable  taste. 

Ju'lus.*  A Latin  term  signifying 
“catkin.” 

J u-men-te'sus.*  [From  jnmen'tum, 
a “beast  of  burden.”]  Applied  to  the 
urine,  when  of  a strong  rank  odor. 

Juncacese,*  jun-ka'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  endogenous  glumaceous 
plants,  found  chiefly  in  the  colder  parts 
of  the  world.  It  includes  the  common 
Rush  ( J uncus ). 

Jun-ca'ceous.  [Juuca'ceus : from 
jun'cusj  a “ rush.”]  Resembling  the  Jun- 
cu8,  or  rush. 

284 


Jwncaginaceje,*jun-kaj-e-na'she-e. 

[From  Junca'yo,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  aquatic 
plants,  found  in  most  parts  of  the  world. 

Jun'ce-ws.*  The  same  as  Juncaceous. 

Jam'ci,*  the  plural  of  Jiincus,  a 
“rush,”  forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Juncacese. 

Jun-ci- fo  b* ' m is.*  [From  jun'eus,  a 
“rush.”]  Formed  like  a rush. 

Jungerman n iaceae, * j un  g-  er-man  - 
ne-a'she-e.  [From  Junyerman'nia , one 
of  the  genera.]  A natural  order  of  cryp- 
togamic  moss-like  plants,  found  in 
damp,  shady  places. 

Ju'ni-per.  The  Juniperus  communis. 

Ju-nip'e-ri  €a-cu'ma-na.*  (“  Tops 
of  Juniper.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  tops  of  the  Ju- 
n iperus  com m unis. 

Jn-nip'e-rus.*  A Linn  man  genus 
of  the  class  Dioecia,  natural  order  Conif- 
ers. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
and  Lond.  Ph.)  for  the  fruit  of  Juniperus 
communis. 

Jimip'erns  Com-mii'nis.*  (Fr. 

Genevrier,  zheh-n&'vRe-jV.)  The  juniper- 
tree. 

Junip'eims  Sa-bi'na. ::  (Fr.  Sabine , 
s&'ben'.)  The  common  savin -tree. 

.lumip'erus  Vir-gin-i-a'na.*  Red 

Cedar.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  tops  of  the  Juniperus  Vir - 
yiniana. 

Jn'pt-teiv*  An  ancient  name  for  tin. 

Ju-ras'sie.  [Juras'sicuss  from 
Ju'ra.]  A term  applied  to  a particular 
group  of  oolitic  rocks  found  in  Mount 
Jura,  and  to  the  corresponding  strata  of 
other  regions. 

Jurisprudence,  Medical.  See 

Medical  Jurisprudence. 

Jus,*  gen.  Ju'ris.  Broth  or  soup. 

Jusquiame,  zhiis'ke-&m'.  The 
French  term  for  Hyoscyamus,  which  see. 

Jussieuan,  jus-su'an.  Belonging  to 
Jussieu:  applied  to  a system  of  arrang- 
ing plants  according  to  their  resemblance 
to  each  other;  or  what  is  termed  the 
Natural  Method. 

Juvantia,*ju-van'she-a.  [Plural  neu- 
ter of  ju'vans,  present  participle  of  ju'vo, 
to  “help.”]  Helping,  or  aiding;  applied 
to  medicines  or  applications  which  as- 
suage pain,  nervous  distress,  etc. 

Ju-ven'tus,*  gen.  Juo-ven-tu'tis. 
[From  ju'venis , “young;”  Fr.  Jeunessr. , 
zhuh'ness'.]  Youth.  (See Adolescence.) 
Applied  by  some  writers  to  the  third  stage 
of  life,  between  about  the  twenty-fifth 
and  thirty-fifth  years. 


KAJ 


KIN 


K. 


Kajeput.  See  CA.TuruTi  Oleum. 

Ka'li.*  [From  the  Arabic.]  The 
vegetable  alkali:  potash. 

Ka'li  Pu'ruim.*  (" Pure  Potash.”) 
The  Potassa  fusa, 

Ma-flig-'e-nions.  [Kalig'enns: 

from  ka'li , an  "alkali,”  "potash,” 
and  yzvvaw,  to  "generate.”]  Applied  to 
metals  which  form  alkalies  with  oxygen. 

Ma'li-imi.*  [From  ka'li,  "potash.”] 
A synonymous  term  for  potassium,  the 
base  of  potash. 

Ka/o-lin,*or  Ka'o-llme.  (Chinese, 
Kao-liny,  k&'o-ling'.)  China  clay;  a fine, 
pure  clay,  procured  by  levigation  from 
the  felspar  of  mouldering  granite,  and 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  por- 
celain. 

Mas 'sit'.  A black  astringent  extract 
prepared  from  the  seeds  of  the  Arcca 
catechu • 

Meel.  See  Carina. 

K^loide,  k&'lo'£d\  [From  Ktjh 7,  a 
"tumor/'  and  eldo;,  a "form.”]  The 
French  name  for  a disease  resembling 
Cancer,  or  Scirrhus,  also  termed  Can- 
croide , and  Scirrhoidc. 

Kelotomia.  See  Celotomy. 

KeBp.  The  crude  soda  obtained  from 
the  ashes  of  sea-weed  in  Holland,  and 
on  the  northern  coast  of  France.  It  is 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  glass  and  of 
soap. 

Ker-a-ti'a-sis.*  [From  Kzpag,  a 
"horn.”]  A horn -like  excrescence  on 
the  temple  or  forehead. 

K6 r-a- to-«le- i ' tis. - [From  Kcparco^g, 
the  "cornea.”]  The  same  as  Corneitis. 

Ker'adome.  [Kerato'ma,  sitis ; 
from  Kzpag,  a "horn.”]  A horn-like  tu- 
mor, or  swelling. 

M e-rat 'o-myx 'is,*  or  Ce-rat'o- 
nyx'is.*  [From  nepag,  a "horn,”  or  the 
"cornea,”  and  wirw,  to  "puncture.”] 
An  operation  by  which  the  crystalline  is 
depressed  by  a needle  passed  through 
the  cornea. 

Ke-rat'o-plas'tic.  [Keratoplas'- 
ticiis.]  Belonging  to  keratoplasty. 

Ker-at'o-plas' ty.  [Keratoplas'- 

tia;  from  Kepag,  a "horn,”  or  the  "cornea,” 
and  nXacrao),  to  "form.”]  An  operation 
by  which  the  cornea  of  an  animal  has  been 
excised  and  reapplied,  or  a new  one  from 
another  animal  put  in  its  place.  Also 
written  Ceratoplasty,  or  Ceratoplastica. 

Keratotome.  See  Ceratotome. 

25 


Ke-rec'to-my.  [Kerecto'mia; 

from  Kcpag,  a “horn,”  or  the  "cornea,” 
and  [Kreni’M,  to  " cut  off.”]  The  operation 
of  excising  the  outward  layers  of  the 
cornea,  by  which  a clear  aperture  in  the 
middle  of  a generally  opaque  cornea  may 
be  obtained. 

Kermes  An'i-mal,  or  Ker'mes 
Iier'ry.  [Coc'cus  Il'icis.]  A name 
applied  to  insects  found  upon  the  Quer- 
cus  coccifera,  which  grows  in  Southern 
Europe  and  in  the  Levant.  They  are  in 
the  form  of  round,  reddish  grains,  about 
the  size  of  peas,  found  adhering  to  the 
branches.  They  were  formerly  used  for 
dyeing  scarlet.  Kermes  is  a Latin  form 
of  a word  found  in  several  Asiatic  lan- 
guages, and  signifying  a little  worm  or 
insect. 

Mer'mes  Min'e-ral.  The  precipi- 
tated sulphuret  of  antimony,  named 
from  its  resemblance  in  color  to  the 
kermes  insect. 

Kibe.  See  Chilblain. 

Kicl'ney.  [Ren,  Re'nis.]  The 
kidneys  are  two  glandular  bodies  situ- 
ated in  the  lumbar  region,  consisting  of 
an  external  or  cortical,  and  an  internal 
or  tubular,  substance.  Their  office  is  to 
secrete  the  urine,  and  thus  to  carry  off 
the  superfluous  fluid  matter  from  the 
system. 

Kidney-Shaped'.  [Renifor'mis.] 

A term  applied  to  a roundish  or  broadly 
cordate  leaf,  concave  at  the  base. 

Kiestein,  or  Kiestffiflu.  See  Ivyes- 

TEIN. 

Kil'o-gram,  or  Kil'o-gramme. 

[From  \i\ioi,  a "thousand,”  and  gramme.] 
A French  weight  of  a thousand  grammes, 
equal  to  2.68  (or  about  25)  lbs.  troy,  or 
2.1  lbs.  avoirdupois. 

Kilolitre,  k£'lo-l£tR',  or  kil'o-l&'t’r. 
[From  XiKun,  a " thousand,”  and  litre.] 
A French  measure  of  a thousand  litres, 
equal  to  35.3171  English  cubic  feet. 

Kilometre,  kil'o'me'ter  (French 
pron.  k&'lo'metR').  [From  \i\ioi,  a 
" thousand,”  and  metre.]  A French  mea- 
sure of  a.  thousand  metres,  or  4 furlongs, 
213  yards,  1 foot,  and  10.2  inches. 

Ki'na-Ki'ma.*  A name  for  Cinchona. 

Mi 'mate.  [Ki'mas,  a'tis.]  A com- 
bination of  kinic  acid  with  a base. 

Kin-e-sip'a-tliy.  [Kinesipatlii'a ; 
from  Kivio),  to  "move,”  and  naBog,  an 
"affection,” or  "disease.”]  A system  of 
285 


KIN 


LAB 


athletic  exercises  and  feats  of  muscular 
strength,  adopted  as  a means  of  curing 
disease. 

King’s  Evil.  A name  given  to 
scrofula , from  the  belief  that  it  might 
be  cured  by  the  touch  of  royalty. 

Ki'nie,or  kin'ik.  [Kin'icus.]  (Called, 
also,  Cinehon'ic  and  Quin'ic.)  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  obtained  from  Cinchona. 

Minkina.  See  Kina-Kina. 

Iii'no.::  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  || 
for  the  inspissated  juice  of  the  Ptero- 
car'puft  marsu'pium  (or  of  the  Pterocar'- 
pun  erina'ceus,  according  to  the  Edin- 
burgh Pharmacopoeia  for  1830). 

Mirseiii  Wasser,  keensh  v&s'ser. 
(“Cherry  Water.”)  The  German  name 
of  a liquor  distilled  from  cherries,  stones 
and  all.  It  is  sometimes  called  “ the 
brandy  of  Switzerland.” 

Mlep-to-jna'na-a.*  [From  k\c 7tto>,  to 
“ steal,”  and  pavia,  “ madness.”]  A sup- 
posed species  of  moral  insanity,  actu- 
ating the  subjects  of  it  to  pilfer  and 
steal. 

Knee.  See  Genu. 

Knee-Jointed.  See  Geniculate. 

Knee-Pan.  The  patella. 

Mnat'ted.  [Connex'ns.]  That 
stage  in  the  union  of  fractured  bones  in 
which  a certain  degree  of  firmness  is  at- 
tained. 


Knock-Knees.  See  Genua  Valga. 

Knotted.  See  Articulatus. 

Korectomia.  See  Corectomia. 

Kousso,  Koosso,:  or  Cnsso,* 
koos'so.  The  flowers  of  th e Braye'ra  an- 
thelniin'tica,  long  used  in  Abyssinia,  and 
more  recently  in  Europe,  as  a remedy 
against  T tenia,  or  tapeworm. 

Kra-me'ri-a.*  Rhatany.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  ||  for  the  root  of  the 
Krameria  triandra. 

Krame'riaTri-an'dra.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  a plant  used  as  an  .astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  detergent.  It  belongs 
to  the  natural  order  Polygalaccse. 

Kreasote.  See  Creasote. 

Kreatin.  See  Creatin. 

Kreatinin.  See  Creatinin. 

Ky-es'te-in,  or  Ky*es'te-ine  (fre- 
quently pronounced  ki'es-tln),  written 
also  Cyeslein  and  Kiestcin.  [From 
kvcx)  or  Kveco,  to  “ be  pregnant,”  and  ioQfig, 
a “ garment,”  or  “ covering,”  and,  hence, 
used  for  “pellicle.”]  An  albuminoid 
substance  discovered  floating  as  a pel- 
licle on  the  urine  of  pregnant  women; 
not  confined,  however,  to  utero-gesta- 
tion,  but  connected  with  the  lacteal  se- 
cretion. Taken  in  connection  with  other 
symptoms,  it  is  considered  a valuable  aid 
in  the  diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

Kysfotome.  See  Cystotome. 


L. 


Labdannm,  or  Lailanum.  See 

Cistus  Creticus. 

La*bel'lum.:;:  [Diminutive  of  la’ - 
hium,  a “lip.”]  The  lip  or  lower  petal 
of  ringent,  personate,  or  orchideous 
flowers. 

La'bi-a,*  gen.  La-bl-o'rum.  The 

plural  of  Labium,  which  see. 

La'bia  Pu-den'di.*  The  thick  ori- 
fice of  the  vulva,  or  parts  external  to 
the  nymphte. 

liibi-al.  [Labia'lis.]  Belonging 
to  the  labium. 

Labialis  (Muscle).  See  Orbicularis 
Oris. 

Ea-bi-a'tfe,*  or  Lamiacese,$  la- 

me-a'she-e.  A natural  order  of  exo- 
genous plants,  mostly  herbaceous,  which 
abound  in  temperate  regions.  It  in- 
cludes Peppermint  (Mentha),  Lavender 
( Lavandula ),  and  Sage  (Salvia).  Their 
aromatic  qualities  render  many  species 
valuable  as  carminative  medicines, 
lii'bl-atc.  [Labia  l ii«* ; from  la'- 
280 


bium,  a “lip.”]  Having  two  lips,  as  the 
snapdragon  flower. 

La-bi-at-i-flo'rus.*  [From  la' bium, 
a “lip,”  and  Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
labiate  flowers. 

Lab-l-dom'e-ter.  [Labidom'e- 
truni;  from  Aa6Tj,  a “forceps,”  and 
perpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for 
ascertaining  the  dimensions  of  the 
child’s  head  in  the  pelvis,  etc. 

Ea'bi-um,*  plural  La'bi-a.  [From 
\aSciu  (from  \apoavw),  to  “receive;”  be- 
cause they  receive  the  food.]  (Fr.  Levre , 
Icvr  or  I&vr.)  The  lip;  but  often  ap- 
plied to  other  parts  from  their  resem- 
blance to  a lip. 

La  bium  Lep-o-ri'iiiun.**  The  mal- 
formation called  hare-lip. 

Ea'bor.*  [From  laho'ro,  labnra'tum, 
to  “work.”  to  “labor,”  to  “be  in  dis- 
tress.”] The  process  of  parturition,  or 
childbirth.  See  Parturition. 

La  bor.  Coeit'plf-ual-od.  That 
which  is  attended  with  some  dangerous 


LAB 


LAC 


or  troublesome  accident  or  disease,  con- 
nected in  particular  instances  with  the 
process  of  parturition. 

Labor,  Morbid.  See  Parodynia. 

Lab'o-r^-to-ry.  [Laboraforiuin ; 
from  labo'ro,  labor  a' turn,  to  “ work/’  to 
“ labor.’’]  (Fr.  Laboratoire,  l&'bo'r&  - 
tw&R\)  The  place  in  which  chemical 
operations  are  performed. 

La'brum.*  [From  ta'vo , to  “ wash ;” 
a “ bathing-tub,”  the  “ brim  of  a ves- 
sel.”] The  lip,  especially  the  upper  lip. 

Lab  y*rinti).  [Labyrin'tliiis;  from 
\a%pi»Qo;,  a “place  having  many  wind- 
ings.”] That  portion  of  the  internal  ear 
comprising  the  cochlea , vestibulum , and 
semicircular  canals. 

Lab-.y-rin'thl-forin.  [Labyrin- 
tun  i for7  inis;  from  laborin' thus,  a “laby- 
rinth.”] Formed  like  a labyrinth. 

Lab-y-rintli'o-don.*  [From  Actft)- 
piuOo$f  a “labyrinth,”  and  d'ovg,  a 
“tooth.”]  A genus  of  extinct,  gigantic 
reptiles,  characterized  by  remarkable 
complexity  in  the  structure  of  the  teeth. 

Lac,*  gen.  Lac/tis.  [From  yd\a, 
ydXaxrog,  “milk;”  also,  the  “sap”  or 
“juice”  of  a plant.]  The  Latin  word 
for  “ milk.”  Also,  the  common  name  for 
a substance  deposited  by  an  insect  on  the 
branches  of  several  kinds  of  trees  in  the 
East  Indies. 

Lac'ca,*  or  Gum  Lac.  A resinous 
substance  formed  by  an  insect  on  sev- 
eral species  of  East  Indian  trees.  It 
yields  a fine  red  dye,  and  is  used  to 
make  sealing-wax.  When  melted,  it  is 
called  Shell-lac. 

La^'er,*  neuter  La^'er-um.  [From 
\axig,  a “rent,”  or  “cleft.”]  Torn;  rent: 
lacerated. 

La^-e-ra'taon.  [Lacera'tio,  © 'nis; 
from  lay' era,  lacera'tum , to  “tear.”]  The 
act  of  tearing  or  rending. 

La-cer'ti-dse.*  [From  lacer'ta , a 
“lizard.”]  A group  of  Saurian s forming 
the  second  family  in  the  Cuvierian  sys- 
tem. 

La-cer'ti-f©rm.  [Lacertifor 'mis ; 

from  lacer'ta , a “lizard.”]  Formed 
like  a lizard. 

La-^er-tiai'i-dse.*  [From  lacer'ta , a 
“ lizard.”]  A family  of  Saurian  reptiles. 

La-cer-t©-i'des.*  [From  lacer'ta , 
a “ lizard.”]  Resembling  the  lizard  : la- 
cer'toid. 

La^'er-mn  Fo-ra'men,*  plural  L.^'- 
er-a  Fo-ram'I-sia.  (“  Torn  Opening.”) 
The  name  applied  to  two  irregular  open- 
ings, appearing  as  if  they  were  torn,  be- 
tween the  occipital  and  temporal  bones. 


Lach'ry-ma,*  or  Lac  ry-ma.  [Gr. 

idxpvfia;  from  <5 aKfAw,  to  “weep.”]  (Fr. 
Lanne,  laum.)  The  limpid  secretion  of 
the  lachrymal  gland.  See  Tear. 

Laih  ry>mal.  [LacEirynia  lis,  or 
Lacry  malls;  from  lach'rt/ma,  a“tear.”] 
Belonging  to  the  tears. 

Lachrymal  Bone.  [Os  Lachry* 
male.]  See  Unguis  Os. 

Lachrymal  Caruncle.  See  Ca- 
RUNCULA  LACHRYMALIS. 

Lachrymal  l>uct.  See  Ductus  ad 
Nasum. 

Lach  rymal  Gland.  [Glan'dula 
Lachryma  lis.]  The  glomerate  gland, 
situated  above  the  external  angle  of  the 
orbit,  which  secretes  the  tears. 

La-cin'i-ate.  [Lacinia'tus ; from 
lacin' ia,  a “fringe,”  or  “ rag.”]  Fringed ; 
jagged  ; slashed.  Applied  to  flowers. 

La-cin-i-flo'rus.*  [From  lacin'ia,  a 
“fringe,”  or  “rag,”  and jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  fringed  petals:  laciniflo'rous. 

La-cin-I-fo-li-a'tus.*  [From  lacin'ia , 
a “fringe,”  or  “rag,”  and  fo'l'um.  a 
“ leaf.”]  Having  laciniated  or  fringed 
leaves. 

La-cin'i-form.  [Lacinifor'mis; 

from  lacin'ia,  a “fringe,”  or  “rag.”] 
Formed  like  a fringe. 

La-cin-u-la'tus.*  [From  lacin'ula , 
a “little  fringe.”]  Having  irregular 
divisions. 

La-cin-u-lo'sus.*  [From  lacin'ula, 
a “little  fringe.”]  Having,  or  full  of, 
little  fringes. 

Lacis,  l&'s&\  The  French  term  for 
Plexus,  which  see. 

Lac'nms.  Synonymous  with  Litmus. 

La*con'i*cum.;i;  [From  Lacon'icns , 
“belonging  to  Laconia,”  or  Lacedae- 
mon.] A name  applied  to  a vapor  bath, 
from  its  having  been  much  used  by  the 
ancient  Lacedaemonians. 

Lacryma.  See  Lachryma. 

Lact-al-bu'mcu.  [From  lac,  “milk,” 
and  albu'men.]  Literally,  the  “albumen 
of  milk.”  Another  name  for  Casein. 

Lac'tate.  [Lac'tas,  a'^/s.]  A com- 
bination of  lactic  acid  with  a base. 

Lac-ta'tion.  [Lacta'tio,  o'nis; 
from  lac' to,  lacta'tum,  to  “ suckle.”] 
The  act  or  the  period  of  giving  suck. 

Lac'te-al.  [Lac'teus;  from  lac, 
lac' t is,  “milk.”]  (Fr.  Lacte,  l&k'tA'.) 
Belonging  to  milk.  Applied  to  certain 
vessels,  because  they  absorb  and  convey 
a fluid  (chyle)  of  a milky  appearance. 

Lac'te-als.  [Va'sa  Chylif  'era,  or 
Va'saLac'tea.]  Thechyliferous  vessels. 
See  Lacteal. 


287 


LAC 


LAG 


Iiac'te-in.  [Xactei'na;  from  the 
same.]  A substance  obtained  by  the 
evaporation  of  milk,  concentrating  its 
essential  qualities;  solidified  milk. 

Iiac'te-ous.  [jLac'teus;  from  lac, 
lac'tis , “ milk/’]  Milk-white. 

liac-tes'^emce.  [XactesceM'tia; 
from  lades' co,  to  “ become  like  milk,” 
to  “ have  milk.”]  The  quality  of  any 
liquid  that  is  thick,  white,  and  resembles 
milk. 

ILac-tes'^ent.  [liactes'cens;  from 
the  same.]  Resembling  milk,  or  yield- 
ing a milky  juice,  as  some  plants. 

iLac'tic.  [JLac'ticus ; from  Zac,  lac'- 
tis, “milk.”]  (Fr.  Lactique,  lak'tek',  or 
Laiteux,  liPtuh'.)  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  milk;  also  termed  Galac- 
tic. 

liac'tic  A^'icJ.  [A^'idum  ILac'ti- 

cum.]  A syrupy,  nearly  transparent, 
liquid,  of  a pale  wine  color,  having  a 
slight,  bland  odor,  and  a very  sour  taste. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  1.212.  It  is  found 
in  a number  of  animal  secretions, 
and  exists  abundantly  in  the  juice  of 
flesh.  It  is  usually  obtained  by  decom- 
posing the  lactate  of  iron  by  alcohol. 
Lactic  acid  has  been  assigned  a place  on 
the  primary  list  of  the  U.S.  Pharmaco- 
poeia for  1860.  Lactic  acid  has  been  used 
with  advantage  in  some  forms  of  dys- 
pepsia. 

liac-tif'er-ous.  [Xactif'erMs; 

from  lac,  lac'tis,  “ milk,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Producing  or  conveying  milk. 

liactlf'erous  Ducts.  The  milk- 
conveying  ducts  of  the  mammillary 
glands. 

Iiac-ti-tlo'riis.*  [From  lac,  “milk,” 
and  jlos , a “ flower.”]  Having  flowers 
white  like  milk  : lactiflo'rous. 

Liac-tif  BB-g-iis.*  [From  lac,  “milk,” 
and  fu'yo,  to  “drive  away.”]  Lacti- 
fuge.  Preventing,  or  checking,  the  secre- 
tion of  milk. 

L<ac'tin,  or  liac'tme.  [From  lac, 
“milk.”]  Sugar  of  milk. 

I^ac'tisfthe  genitive  of  Lac,  which  see. 

I^ac-tiv'or-ous.  [Xactiv'orus;  from 
lac,  “milk,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”] 
Milk-devouring,  or  living  on  milk. 

Ijac'to-^cle.*  [From  lac,  “ milk,” 
and  KrjXri,  a “tumor.”]  A collection  of  a 
milk-like  fluid ; also  termed  Galactocclc. 

L.actoinctriun.  See  Galactometer. 

Lac'tto-scope.  [Iv,tct©s'cog>us ; 
from  lac,  “ milk,”  and  aKoneo),  to  “ ex- 
amine.”] An  instrument  for  ascertain- 
ing the  quantity  and  value  of  milk. 

Luic-tu'ca.*  [From  lac,  “milk;” 

288 


named  on  account  of  its  milky  juice.] 
(Fr.  Laitue,  IsPtii'.)  A Linnaean  genus 
of  the  class  Sync/enesia,  natural  order 
Compositse,  or  Chicoracese.  Also,  the 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph.,  1851) 
for  Lactuca  sativa. 

Lactu'ca  Sa-ti'va.*  Garden  lettuce. 

l<actai'ca  Vi-ro'sa.*  The  strong- 
scented  lettuce  (termed  also  Opium-let- 
tuce) from  which  laducarium  is  obtained. 

lAic-tu-ca'ri-wm.*  [From  ladu'ca, 
“lettuce.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
for  the  inspissated  juice  of  Lactuca  sativa 
and  Lactuca  virosa. 

ILa-cii'na,*  plural  I^a-cu'nse.  [From 
la'cus,  a “ lake,”  or  “ditch.”]  Literally, 
a “ditch,”  “hole,”  or  “chasm.”  Ap- 
plied in  Anatomy  to  the  excretory  ducts 
of  mucous  glands.  Applied  in  Botany 
to  punctures  on  stems,  leaves,  etc. 

Lacu  na  Mag'na.*  (“  Large  Lacu- 
na.”) A small  opening,  or  hollow  larger 
than  the  rest,  situated  near  the  Fossa 
navicularis  of  the  male  urethra. 

tia-cw'Bttse,*  the  plural  of  Lacttna. 

ILa-e&i'BBair.  Having,  or  resembling, 
lacunse.  Also,  a “ roof.”  See  next  article. 

liacu'Biar  (“Roof  of 

the  Orbit.”)  The  roof  of  the  orbit  of 
the  eye. 

I.ac-u-iB©se'.  [liacBBBio'suBs;  from 

lacu'na,  a “gap,”  or  “cavity.”]  Hav- 
ing lacunse;  full  of  depressions,  or  cavi- 
ties. 

lia-CMs'trine.  [liacus'tris ; from 
la'cus,  a “lake.”]  Belonging  to  a lake. 

Ijaesi©.  See  Lesion. 

l.aevig’atio.  See  Levigation. 

]La-g,eaB'i-f©B*BBB.  [I^ag-eminfor'Biais ; 
from  lage'na,  a “bottle.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a Florence  flask. 

Irag'-irae'sis.**  [From  \ayvrjs,  “lust- 
ful.”] Lust.  The  name  of  a genus  in 
Good's  Nosology. 

ILa-soon'.  [ILagMti'BBa;  from  la’cus,  a 
“lake.”]  A shallow  channel,  or  creek, 
mostly  on  the  margin  of  the  sea. 

I^ag,-©p>IlB-fIliiaIl'iBBi-a.;::‘  [From  \ayu 3$, 
a “hare,”  and  dpQa\^,  the  “eye.”]  A 
disease  in  which,  from  a defect  in  the 
upper  eyelid,  there  is  imperfect  power 
of  closing  the  eye:  so  named,  it  is  said, 
because  this  is  the  natural  condition  of 
the  eye  of  the  hare  when  asleep. 

Iias,-©u>llB-4BBal'BiiB3-C3BS.::':‘  Belonging 
to  lagophthnbnia. 

Lii'gup'dMlous.  [Iiag’OjB'odtBS ; 

from  Xayajj,  a “hare,”  and  jtouj,  a 
“foot.”]  Applied  to  certain  birds,  hav- 
ing the  feet  covered  with  soft  hair  or 
down. 


LAG 


LAN 


La-go'pus,  p'oc??*.*  [From  the  same.] 
Hare-footed.  Applied  to  the  grouse  ge- 
nus; also  to  the  fox,  and  other  animals. 

La-gos'to>ma.'!:  [From  a 

“ hare,”  and  or opa,  a “ mouth.”]  Another 
name  for  hare-lip. 

Lait,  Id.  The  French  for  Milk, 
which  see. 

Laiteux.  See  Lactic. 

Lake.  A term  applied  to  certain 
insoluble  compounds, — pigments  com- 
posed of  aluminous  earth  and  vegetable 
or  animal  coloring  matter,  as  carmine 
lake,  madder  lake.  It  appears  to  have 
been  originally  applied  to  red  pigments 
only : it  is  perhaps  a corruption  of 
lac,  a reddish  resinous  substance.  See 
Lac. 

Lal-la/tion.  [LaJla'tio,  o'nis.]  A 
term  for  the  faulty  pronunciation  in 
which  l is  rendered  unduly  liquid,  or 
substituted  for  an  r. 

Lamb-da-cis'miis.*  [From  lamb' da, 
the  name  of  the  Greek  A,  or  £.]  The 
same  as  Lallation,  which  see. 

Lamb'doid,  or  Lamb-doi'dal. 
[From  lamb’ da,  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
The  same  as  Lambdoides. 

Laanb-do-i'des.*  [From  A,  and  eidog, 
a “ form.”]  Resembling  the  Greek  l,  or 
lambda. 

Lainbdoi'des  ©s.*  The  Os  hyoides, 
so  called  from  its  resembling  the  Greek 
letter  A. 

Lam'el-lar,  or  Lam'el-late.  [Lam- 
ella'ris;  from  lamel'la,  a “thin  plate.”] 
Composed  of  flat  plates ; having  lam- 
ellae. 

La-mel-li-brasi'-eM-ate.  [Larnsl- 
libraaaclaia'tiis,  or  Lamellibran'- 

cbius;  from  lamel'la,  a “thin  plate,” 
and  f3piyxia,  “ gills.”]  Having  the  gills 
disposed  symmetrically  in  large  semi- 
circular plates. 

La-mel-li-eor'iiis.*  [From  lamel'la, 
a “thin  plate,”  and  cor' mt,  a “horn.”] 
Applied  to  insects  having  lamellar  horns 
(or  antennae) : lamellicornate. 

Lam-el-lif'er-oias.  [Lamellar  er- 
us;  from  lamel'la,  a “thin  plate,” 
and  fe’ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  or  having 
lamellae.  Applied  to  certain  plants. 

La-mel'll-form.  [LamelSifor'mis ; 
from  lamel'la,  a “thin  plate.”]  Formed 
of,  or  like,  small  plates. 

Lam-eMig'er*u§.$  [From  lamel'- 
la, a “ thin  plate,”  and  ge'ro,  to  “ carry.”] 
The  same  as  Lamelliferous  : lamellig'- 
erous. 

La-mel'li-pes,  edis*  [From  lamel'la, 
a “ thin  plate,”  and  pea,  a “ foot.”]  Hav- 
25* 


ing  flattened  and  lamelliform  feet.  Ap 
plied  to  a section  of  Conchifera. 

Lam-el-li-ros'tres,*  or  La-mel-li- 
ros'trals.  [From  lamel'la,  a “thin 
plate,”  and  ros'trum,  a “ beak.”]  The 
name  of  a tribe  of  swimming  birds,  the 
fourth  in  the  system  of  Cuvier,  com- 
prising those  in  which  the  margins  of 
the  beaks  are  furnished  with  numerous 
lamellae  or  dental  plates,  arranged  in  a 
regular  series,  as  in  the  swan,  goose,  and 
duck. 

Lun  i-na,*  plural  Lam'i-nae.  Any 
thin  plate  or  layer  of  bone,  membrane, 
or  other  substance.  The  border  of  a 
polypetalous  corolla ; the  blade  of  a leaf 
or  petal. 

Lain'i-nat-ed.  [Lamina'tiis.]  Ap- 
plied to  parts  that  consist  of  thin  layers, 
or  laminae,  lying  closely  upon  each 
other. 

Lavn'I-ni-form.  [Laminifor'mis; 

from  lam' ina,  a “ ihin  plate.”]  Flattened 
in  the  form  of  a thin  plate. 

Lamp  black.  A species  of  char- 
coal, of  which  the  finest  sort  is  produced 
by  collecting  the  smoke  from  a lamp. 

Lam-po-car'pus.*  [From  AJ/irrw,  to 
“shine,”  and  xapnog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
shining  fruit:  lampocarpous. 

Lam-pro-plto'ni-a.*  [From  A ay- 
7 Tpog,  “bright,”  “clear,”  and  tptoerj,  the 
“voice.”]  A clear  and  sonorous  state  of 
the  voice. 

Lam-pro-phyl'le-ns.*  [From  A ay- 
irpog,  “bright/’  “clear,”  and  (j^vWov , a 
“leaf.”]  Applied  to  plants  having 
smooth  and  bright  leaves. 

Lam 'pro-pits.*  [From  A aynpog, 
“bright,”  “clear,”  and  vovg,  a “foot.”] 
Having  the  stipes,  or  foot,  of  a bright 
appearance. 

Lam'py-ris,  id  is*  [From  Xaynw,  to 
“shine,”  and  nvp,  “fire.”]  The  glow- 
worm. 

Lam'pyris  Xoc-ti-lu'ca.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  glow-worm. 

La'na.*  Wool.  Applied  to  a kind 
of  pubescence  which  covers  the  surfaces 
of  plants. 

La'na  PEiil-o-sopb'i-ca.*  (“Phil- 
osophical Wool.”)  Flowers  of  zinc,  or 
the  snowy  flakes  of  the  white  oxide  of 
zinc,  which  arise  and  float  in  the  air 
from  the  combustion  of  that  metal. 

La'nate.  [Lana'tus;  from  la'na, 
“wool.”]  Woolly;  having  a pubescence 
like  wool. 

Lan-ce'o-la.*  [Diminutive  of  lan'- 
cea,  a “lance.”]  A little  lance ; a lancet, 
and,  so,  the  same  as  Lancet,  which  see. 

289 


LAN 


LAP 


Lan'ce-o-late.  [Lanceola'tus ; from 

lance' ola,  a “ little  lance.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a little  lance,  or  spear. 

Lau'cet.  [Lat.  Lancet'ta;  Fr. 
Lancette,  lbN°'set'.]  A two-edged  instru- 
ment for  bleeding,  or  other  purposes. 

Lan-ci-fo 'll-© us.  [Lancifo  lins; 
from  lan'cea,  a “ lance/"  and  f o' Hum,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  lanceolated  leaves,  or 
divisions  of  leaves. 

Lan'ci-form.  [Laaicifor'mas ; 

from  lan'cea,  a “lance.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a lance,  or  head  of  a lance;  ap- 
plied to  teeth,  etc. 

Laii'cl-nat-ing.  [Lan'cinaais, 

from  lan'eino,  to  “thrust 
through,”  or  “rend.”]  Piercing,  as 
with  a lance;  lacerating. 

Langue,  lbxg.  The  French  word  for 
Tongue,  which  see. 

Lan'guor,  o'r is*  A listless  unwil- 
lingness to  use  exertion,  with  faintness. 

L.a-nifer-ous.  [Lauif'erus;  from 
la'na,  “wool,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  producing  wool. 

Lan-I-flo'rus.*  [From  la'na,  “wool,” 
and  flo8,  a “flower.”]  Having  woolly 
flowers:  laniflo'rous. 

La-nig'er-oiis.  [Lau'iger,  or 
Lanig'erus;  from  la'na , “wool,”  and 
ge'ro,  to  “carry.”]  The  same  as  Lanif- 
erous. 

La'ni-pes,  p'eclis.*  [From  la'na, 
“wool,”  and  pes,  a “'foot.”]  Having 
hairy  petioles,  or  feet. 

La-nose'.  [From  la'na,  “wool.”] 
The  same  as  Lanate,  which  see. 

Lantanium.  See  Lanthanum. 

Laniaiium.  See  Lanthanum. 

Lan'th a- n it m , ::  or 

Lan-ta ' is i- u m .*  [From  XavOdvot,  to 
“be  concealed.”]  A newly  discovered 
metal,  so  named  from  its  properties  be- 
ing concealed  by  those  of  cerium,  with 
which  it  is  found  united. 

La-iiu'gi-nous.  [Lamigiuo'sus ; 
from  lanu'go,  “down,”  or  “soft  hair.”] 
Having  soft  hairs  or  down. 

La-nu/go,*  gen.  La-mu 'gi-n  is. 
[From  la' na,  “wool.”]  Soft  hairs,  wool, 
or  down. 

Lan-u-lo'sus.*  [From  la'na , 

“wool.”J  Having  wool;  full  of  wool. 

Lap-a-rom-no-<iid'y-mus.*  [From 
Xcrrdpa,  the  “flank,”  or  “loins,”  povo ;, 
“ single,”  and  ddivpog,  “double.”]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  (Laparomnodid'ymi) 
to  twins  born  adhering  together  by  the 
loins. 

Lap-a-ro-sco'pi-a.*  [From  Xanupa, 
the  “flank,”  or  “loins,”  and  ckottcoj , to 
290 


“examine.”]  The  examination  of  the 
loins,  or  side,  by  means  of  the  stetho- 
scope, pleximeter,  etc. 

Lap-a-ro-toma-a.*  [From  Xanapa, 
the  “flank,”  or  “loins,”  and  rcpi/oj,  to 
“cut.”]  Cutting  into  the  abdomen  in 
the  region  of  the  loins. 

Lap-a-rot'o-mus.*  [From  the 
same.]  A name  of  the  instrument  for 
performing  laparotomy  : a lap'arotome. 

Lap'a-rys'te-ro-to'mi-a.;i:*  [From 
Xanapa,  the  “flank,”  or  “loins,”  vyrepa, 
the  “womb,”  and  rtpvw,  to  “cut.”] 
Cutting  into  the  womb  through  the  flank 
or  abdomen. 

Lap'a-tJium.*  [From  Xa-rdfa,  to 
“empty;”  because  it  is  an  aperient,  or 
purgative.]  The  dock.  See  Rumex. 

Lap-i-ci'dus.*  [From  la'pis,  a 
“stone,”  and  esc' do,  to  “cut,”  or  “dig.”] 
Digging  into  stone;  imbedded  in  rocks, 
etc.  Applied  to  animals  and  shells  so 
found,  as  if  they  had  dug  their  retreat 
there. 

La-pM'e-osas.  [Lapid'eus;  from 
la'pis,  a “ stone.”]  Stony;  belonging  to 
stone. 

Lap'i-«les,*  the  plural  of  Lapis, 

which  see. 

Lapides  Camcrorum.  See  Can- 
crorum  Lapilli. 

Lap-i-des'^emt.  [Lapides'cems, 

eii'fis;  from  la'pis,  a “stone,”  and 
- esco , a Latin  termination  signifying 
to  “ grow.”]  Resembling  a stone  in  hard- 
ness. 

La-piid-a-fi-ea'tion.  [Lapidifica'- 

tio,  o' nit;  from  la'pis,  a “stone,”  and 
fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  Conversion  into 
stone. 

La-pil'li,*  the  plural  of  Lapillus, 

which  see. 

La-pil-li-foir'iuis.*  [From  lapil'lus , 
a “little  stone.”]  Having  the  appear- 
ance of  small  stones:  lapilliform. 

Lap-il-lo'sus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  lapilli. 

La-pil'lus,*  plural  La-pil'Ii.  [Di- 
minutive of  la'pis,  a “stone.”]  A little 
stone.  See  Cancrorum  Lapilli. 

La'pis,-5'  gen.  Lap'I-dis.  [Gr.  Aaaj, 
a “stone.”]  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“stone.”  The  alchemists  called  by  this 
term  every  fixed  thing  which  does  not 
evap  orate,  and,  hence,  even  human  blood 
was  termed  La'pis  anima'lis. 

Lapis  Calaminaris.  See  Cala- 
M1NA. 

La  pis  Cal-ca'rl-us.*  The  native 
carbonate  of  lime,  or  limestone. 

La'pis  Da-vi'uus.-*  A substance 


LAP 


LAR 


composed  of  sulphate  of  copper,  nitrate 
of  potash,  alum,  and  camphor,  used  as 
a collyrium,  and  named  “ divine/’  on 
account  of  its  supposed  virtues. 

Lapis  InferaualBS.  See  Potassa 
Fusa. 

Lapis  PtiilosapSioriim.  See  Phi- 
losopher’s Stone. 

Lap 'pa.*  Burdock.  The  Pharma- 
copceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
the  Lappa  minor  (or  Arc'tium  lappa). 

Lappaceus,*  lap-pa'she-us.  [From 
lap' pa,  the  “clitbur.”]  Curved  at  the 
extremity  like  the  bractcse  of  the  bur- 
dock. 

Laq'ue-us  €ru4'tur-is.*  Literally, 
“ noose  of  the  throat.”  A name  applied 
to  a malignant  inflammation  of  the  ton- 
sils. 

LarcSi-TTree.  The  Pinus  Larix . 

Lasslac£.  See  Lahdaceous. 

lar-da'ceous.  [Laa*<la'«eus ; from 
lar'dum , “lard.’]  (Fr.  Lardace,  lait'da,'- 
s&\)  Resembling  lard,  or  the  fat  of 
bacon. 

Larda'ceous  De-gen-e-ra'taon, 

otherwise  called  Wax'y  I>egeijea*a'- 
tioa.  A term  applied  to  certain  or- 
ganic alterations  in  the  tissues,  whereby 
these  assume  a translucent,  wax-like 
appearance.  One  form  of  substance  re- 
sulting from  this  change  (found  as  a 
deposit  between  the  proper  elements  of 
the  tissues)  has  the  remarkable  property 
of  becoming  blue,  like  vegetable  starch, 
by  the  simple  action  of  iodine;  whence 
Virchow  applies  to  these  altered  struc- 
tures the  term  amyloid  (i.e.  “starch- 
like”) degeneration.  The  tissues  them- 
selves participate  in  this  peculiar  change, 
and  usually  exhibit  a blue  or  violet 
color,  if  the  application  of  iodine  be  fol- 
lowed by  a cautious  addition  of  sulphu- 
ric acid. 

Laa*'de-iis.*-  [From  lar'dum , the 
“fat  of  bacon,”  or  “lard.”]  Belonging 
to  lard. 

Lar'duiim.*  The  fat  of  bacon.  See 
Adeps  Suillits. 

La'irix  EiSi-ro-pse'a.**  A name  of 
the  larch-tree,  from  which  V enice  turpen- 
tine is  procured.  See  Pixus  Larix. 

Larme,  laRin.  See  Laciiryma. 

Larauoi  emem  t , 1 an'  raw  m on®  ' . 

[From  larme,  a “tear.”]  A French  term 
tor  Epiphora,  which  see. 

Lar'va,*  plural  Lar  vae.  A Latin 
word,  signifying,  originally,  a “ mask,” 
or  “spectre.”  A grub,  or  larve.  Applied 
in  Entomology  to  the  first  condition  of 
the  metamorphosis  of  insects  hatched 


from  the  egg.  So  called  because,  in  this 
condition,  their  real  character  seems  to 
be  masked. 

Lar  val.  [Larva'lis;  from  lar'va- 
a “mask,”  a “spectre.”]  Belonging  to 
a mask,  or  to  larvae.  Applied  to  diseases 
in  which  the  skin  of  the  face  is  dis- 
figured, as  if  covered  by  a mask. 

La  r- vie' 0-1  us.*  [From  lar'va , a 
“mask,”  a “spectre,”  and  co'lo,  to  “in- 
habit.”] Applied  to  certain  small  insects 
existing  in  larvae. 

Lar'vi-form.  [Larvifor'mis.] 

Formed  like  larvae. 

Lar-vip'r.-rous.  [Larvip'arus; 

from  lar'va’,  zrt&pa'rio,  to  “ bring  forth.”] 
Producing  larvae  in  the  place  of  eggs. 

Laryngl.  See  Laryngeal. 

Lar-yn-gc'al.  [Larynge'us;  from 
\ap’>y%,  the  “larynx.”]  (Fr.  Luiyvye, 
lAraN®'zh&',  or  Laryngien,  ]&'raN®'zhe- 
unc'.)  Belonging  to  the  larynx. 

LaryiBgim.  Sec  Laryngeal. 

Lar-yu-gisiutis.**  [From  \apvyyirw, 
to  “vociferate.”]  Spasm  of  the  muscles 
closing  the  larynx. 

Lar-yn-gi'tis,  idis.%  [From  A npvy£, 
the  “larynx.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
larynx. 

La-ryu-go-gra'plii-a.*'  [From 

A upvy%,  the  “larynx,”  and  ypctyco,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  the  larynx. 

Ixir-yn-golo-gy.  [Laiyiigolo- 
gia;  from  A dpvyf,  the  “larynx,”  and 
A lyog,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
larynx;  the  science  of  the  larynx. 

I/ir-yii-goplio-iiy,  or  lar-yn- 
goph'o-nii&in.  [LKiyirgepho  itia,  or 
Laa’yug’oir  licitis  in  us;  from  A 'pvy\, 
the  “larynx,”  and  (J-xorri,  the  “ voice.”] 
The  sound  of  the  voice,  heard  by  means 
of  the  stethoscope,  within  the  larynx. 

Lar-5rM-g«£tL-< his  l-cus.*'  Belong- 
ing to  larynycphthisis. 

Lar-yn-g^iili' thi-sis.*’  [From  A ap- 
vy£,  the  “larynx,”  and  (fOictg , a “wast- 
ing.”] A disease  of  the  larynx,  con- 
nected with  pulmonary  consumption : 
laryngeal  phthisis. 

La-ryn-gor-rSiee  'a.5:‘  [From  A 'pvy{, 
the  “larynx,”  and  pita,  to  “flow.”]  A 
pituitous  or  serous  flow  from  the  larynx. 

La-ryu-go-spas'mus.*'  [From  A dp~ 
vy%,  the  “larynx,”  and  cnaoyds,  a 
“spasm.”]  The  same  as  Laryngismus, 
which  see. 

La-ryBi-ga-ste-uo'sss.*  [From  A ap- 
vyt,  the  “larynx,”  and  arhoxng,  a “con- 
traction.”] Contraction  of  the  larynx. 

Lar-yii-got'o-mus.*'  [From  \apvy%, 
the  “larynx,”  and  rkpvoy,  to  “cut.”]  An 
291 


LAR 


LAU 


instrument  for  performing  laryngotomy : 
a laryn'gotome. 

[ILairymg'Oto'- 
mia;  from  the  same.]  The  operation  of 
cutting  into  the  larynx. 

Ljir'ynx,5’  gen.  Ii3L-ryn'gis.  [Gr. 
Aupuyf.]  The  upper  part  of  the  trachea, 
or  windpipe;  in  a general  sense,  the 
organ  of  the  voice. 

I*a-ss  -ant  Db  nas.  * [From  Xujio;, 

"hairy,”  and  uvQog,  a “flower/’]  Having 
hairy  or  rough  flowers. 

Iia-si-©-ear' pirns.*  [From  Xiao;, 

“hairy,”  and  Kapmg,  “fruit.”]  Having 
hairy  fruit. 

ILa-si-o-pe-ta'le-ns.*  [From  \uaog, 
“hairy,”  and  ncraXov.  a “petal.”]  Hav- 
ing hairy  petals. 

Xja-si-op'  ter-cis.*  [From  Xiao;, 

“rough,”  or  “hairy,”  and  sr epdy,  a 

“wing.”]  Having  hairy  wings,  as  the 
Vespertil'io  lasiop' terns,  a species  of 
hat. 

ILa-si'o-paas.*  [From  Xiao;,  “hairy,” 
and  ttov;,  sl  “foot.”]  Having  the  stipes 
hairy. 

ILa-si-o-sper'miiiis.**  [From  Xuao;, 
“hairy,”  and  <nr cpfxa,  a “ seed.”]  Having 
hairy  fruit  or  seed. 

Xia-si-os'ta-eEnys.-  [From  Xloio;, 
“hairy,”  and  cr&xvs,  an  “car  of  corn.”] 
Having  flowers  in  rough,  hairy  ears. 

JLa'si-jpes,  iVedls*  The  same  as 
Lasiopus. 

ILa-sa-ai ' rms.;;j  [From  Xiao;,  “hairy,” 
and  ovpi,  a “tail.”]  Having  hairy  pe- 
duncles, or  tails. 

JLas'si-taaile.  [ILassitfrii'cl®,  d/«w; 
from  las' s us,  “weary,”  “tired.”]  Lite- 
rally, “ weariness,”  or  “ fatigue;”  hut  usu- 
ally denoting  a sensation  of  exhaustion 
and  weakness,  independent  of  fatigue. 

ILiit.  «li>l.  = Lat'eri  dolen'ti .*  “ To  the 
side  affected.” 

La'tent.  [ILa' terns;  from  la'teo,  to 
“lie  hid.”]  Lurking;  concealed;  lying 
hid. 

ILa'tent  Pe'ri-od.  That  space  of 
time  during  which  certain  diseases  lurk 
in  the  system,  before  their  presence  is 
manifested  by  symptoms. 

ILat'er-al.  [ILatera'Iiis;  from  la'tus, 
lat'eris,  the  “side.”]  Belonging  to  the 
side;  on  the  side,  as  distinguished  from 
medial  or  central. 

Lat'eral  <fi>p-e-ra'tioai.  [OgM^ra'- 

tio  I*»tera'Iis.]  One  of  the  operations 
of  lithotomy;  being  performed  on  the 
left  side  of  the  perinseum. 

Lat/eral  Si'nns-es.  Two  veins  of 
the  dura  mater  ; the  right  and  left  late- 
292 


ral  sinuses,  running  along  the  crucial 
spine  of  the  occipital  bone. 

ILat-e-ri-filo'riis/i5,  [From  la'tus,  the 
“side,”  and  fios , a “flower.”]  Having 
lateral  flowers. 

[ILaterfife'lius ; 

from  la'tus,  the  “side,”  and  fo'lium,  a 
“leaf.”]  Growing  at  the  side  of  a leaf. 

Iiat-e-ri§*'ra-cfiitts.^  [From  la'tus, 
the  “side,”  and  gra'dior,  to  “go,”  to 
“step.”]  Going  or  moving  sideways. 

ILat-e-rl-ner' vws.*  [From  la’tus, 
the  “side,”  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”] 
Applied  to  leaves  in  which  the  nervures 
diverge  from  the  middle. 

ILat~e-a*a't£®Eiis.  [ILatteri'tiiuis;  from 
la' ter,  a “brick.”]  Applied  to  a sedi- 
ment like  brick -dust  in  the  urine. 

ILa'tex,---  gen.  ILat'i-eiis.  A Latin 
term  for  “liquor”  or  “juice”  in  general. 
Applied  to  the  proper  juice,  or  vital  fluid, 
of  plants. 

jLatf-2-cif  er-©ois.  [lbatffc  IF  eirras ; 

from  la'tex,  lat'icis , a “liquor,”  or 
“juice,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Pro- 
ducing or  containing  elaborated  sap,  or 
special  juices  cf  plants,  as  the  laticifer - 
ous  tissue. 

ILatf-i-iSo'riis.*  [From  la'tus, 

“broad,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
broad  flowers : latiflo'rous. 

[ILatifo'IIms;  from 
la'tus,  “broad,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  broad  leaves. 

lia-tSa'sX-mus.^  [The  superlative  de- 
gree of  la'tus,  “ broad.”]  The  “broadest:” 
applied  to  the  Platysma  my  odes,  which  is 
called  the  Latissimns  colli  (The  “Broad- 
est [Muscle]  of  the  Neck”),  and  to  the 
Aniscalpior  of  Cowper,  more  frequently 
called  the  Latissimus  dorsi  (The  “Broad- 
est [Muscle]  of  the  Back”). 

Lat  itude.  [Latitu'do:  from  la'tus, 
“broad.”]  Literally,  “breadth.”  The 
distance  of  a heavenly  body  from  the 
ecliptic,  or  of  a place  from  the  equator. 
ILatftSced.  See  Cancellatus. 

Jhanadatole  Pus.  Sec  Healthy  Pus. 

JLaai'dsi-fiiEEEBi.*  [From  la  a’ do,  to 
“praise.”]  The  Tinctu'ra  o'pii. 

Laiirjieea*,^  lau-ra'slic-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  trees,  found  in 
the  cooler  parts  of  the  tropics,  and  some 
temperate  countries.  It  comprises  the 
Cinnamon,  Lan'rus  (including  the  Bay- 
tree,  or  true  laurel),  and  Sassafras.  The 
species  are  generally  tonic,  stimulant, 
and  aromatic.  Camphor  is  an  abundant 
product  of  this  order. 

I«m-ra'eeons.  [I^aura'ccus.]  Re* 
sembling  the  Laurus . 


LAU 


LEG 


Lau'rel.  The  genus  Laurus, 

Lau  rel,  Al-ex-au'dri-an.  The 

Pr unus  laurocerasus. 

Faurier.  Sec  Laurus. 

FiMi'r©-€£r'a-SMS.*  The  Pharma- 
copceial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the  Prunus 
laurocerasus. 

Fau'rus.*  (Fr.  Laurier,  lo're-&/.) 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Ennectn- 
dria,  natural  order  Lauracese.  The 
Pharmacopceial  name  (Lend.  Ph.,  1851) 
for  the  fruit  of  Laurus  nob  Hi  8. 

Lau'rus  Cam'pSiio-ra.*  The  Lin- 
naean name  of  the  camphor-tree.  See 
Campiiora  Officinarum. 

Fau'rias  Cas'sla*  (kasli'e-a).  The 
systematic  name  of  the  Cassia  lignea  (or 
wild  cinnamon)  tree,  the  bark  of  which, 
according  to  some  authorities,  is  called 
Cassia  lignea , and  the  leaves  Folia  mala- 
batliri , 

Fani'nis  Fiim-iraa-mo'muiim.*  The 
name  (Dub.  Ph.)  of  the  cinnamon-tree. 

Fani'nias  Cai-li-Ila/ w am.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  a species,  the  bark  of 
which  is  called  Cortex  culilawan,  and 
closely  resembles  cinnamon. 

Fau'rusiftrofo'i-liis.*  The  bay -laurel, 
or  sweet-bay. 

Fani'nis  Sas'sa-ffras.*  The  sassa- 
fras-tree. 

Fa'va.  [From  the  German  Lau’fen, 
to  “run,”  to  l<flow”?]  A generic  term 
for  all  mineral  substances  melted  by 
volcanic  fire,  and  cast  forth  in  the  form 
of  burning  streams. 

Fav-a-meu'tum.*  [From  la'vo,  to 
“wash/7]  A clyster,  or  injection. 
Favaiul?.  See  Lavandula. 

Fa-vau'du-la.*  [From  la'vo , to 
“wash;”  because  it  was  much  used  in 
lotions.]  (Fr.  Lavande,  la'voNd'.)  Laven- 
der. A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Didj- 
namia , natural  order  Lab iatsc.  The  Phar- 
macopceial name  (U.S.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for 
the  flowers  of  Lavandula  upica , or  Lavan- 
dula vera ; the  Lavandulae  Epicae  Flores 
(“Flowers  of  Lavandula  Spiea”)  of  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

Favan'dula  Spi'ca.*  The  common 
lavender-plant. 

Favamdula  Ve'ra.*  The  same  as 
Lavandula  Spica. 

Favemder.  See  Lavandula. 

ILavenMtiralla.  See  Lavandula. 

Fav-i-pe'alS-uiiEii.*  A bath  for  the 
feet. 

Faw-s©'Eni-a  lu-er'mis.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  from  which 
the  henne  of  Egypt  is  obtained. 

Fax-a/tiosi.  [Faxa'ti©,  o'nis;  from 


lax'o,  laxa'tum,  to  “ loosen.”]  A loosen- 
ing, or  purgation. 

Fax'a-tlve.  [Faxati'vus ; from 
the  same.]  Slightly  purgative. 

Fax -a' tor,  ©'r is*  [From  the  same.] 
A relaxer.  Applied  to  muscles. 

ILaxa'tor  Tym'pa-ni.*  A muscle 
of  the  tympanum  attached  to  the  handle 
of  the  malleus. 

Fax-I-eos-ta'tus.*  [From  lax'us , 
“loose,”  “free,”  and  cos'ta,  a “rib.”] 
Furnished  with  solitary  or  distinct  ribs. 

Lax-i-fiorus/  [From  lax'us , 
“ loose,”  or  “ free,”  and  Jlos,  a “ flower.”] 
Having  distinct  flowers  : laxiflo'rous. 

Fax-i-lo'Ii-us.*  [From  lax'us, 
“ loose,”  or  “ free,”  and  f o' limn,  a “ leaf.”] 
Having  distinct  leaves : laxifo'lious. 

Lax'us/  Literally,  “ loose;”  hence, 
spread  out;  diffused.  Applied  to  a con- 
dition of  animal  fibre. 

Ii&z-a>ret'to.  (Italian.)  A hospi- 
tal for  persons  afflicted  with  contagious 
diseases.  A building  set  apart  for  the 
performance  of  quarantine. 

lib.  or  Fib.  = Li'bra .*  A “pound.” 

Fead.  [Lat.  Plumbum;  Gr.  fi6\uP- 
<5o;;  Fr.  Plomb,  pl6N°.]  A soft,  flexible, 
inelastic  metal,  of  a bluish-gray  color. 
It  is  ductile  and  malleable,  but  possesses 
very  little  tenacity.  It  has  a bright  me- 
tallic lustre  when  freshly  cut,  but  quickly 
tarnishes  on  exposure  to  air.  Its  specific 
gravity  is  11.38.  It  fuses  at  about  600°. 
The  most  important  ore  of  lead  is  the 
sulphuret,  the  galena  of  the  mineralo- 
gists. For  the  compounds  of  lead,  see 
Plumbum,  Plumbi.  etc. 

Featl,  Sugar  of.  See  Plumbi  Acetas. 

Feaf.  [Fo  lium,  Frons.]  An  or- 
gan performing  in  plants  the  functions 
of  respiration  and  assimilation.  It  con- 
sists of  the  lamina  and  petiole,  and  is 
the  type  of  the  other  organs.  See  Type. 
Feaf-StaflSs.  See  Petiole. 

Featfiet.  See  Foliole. 

Feaiy.  See  Foliaceous. 

JLc*ai3flaes§.  See  Emaciation, 

FeatSuer-FOie,  or  Feathery.  See 
CORIACEUS. 

Fec'tus.*  A bed  or  couch. 

Feeytlisdaceae,*  le-slth-e-da'she-e. 
[From  Ler'ythis,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees,  found 
in  South  America.  The  well-known 
Brazil-nut  is  a product  of  this  order. 

Fedoyeira’s  (leh-dwiTyoNz')  IMs-itt- 
ffec'taiag  Flu'id.  A solution  of  nitrate 
of  lead  in  water. 

Feech.  See  Htrudo  Medicinalis. 

Legume.  [Legu'men,  Fegu'- 

293 


LEG 


LEX 


minis;  from  le'go,  to  “gather  up.”] 
(Ft.  Legume,  l&'giim'.)  A pericarp  of 
two  oblong  valves  in  which  the  seeds  are 
ranged  along  one  suture  only. 

l«e-g-u-inl-iia'ris.*  [From  legu'men, 
a “legume.”]  Applied  to  the  dehiscence 
of  pericarps  by  a marginal  suture : 
legu'minar. 

JLe-g’u'ml-ni-for'mts.*  [From  le- 
gu'men, a “ legume.”]  Having  the  form 
of  a legume  : leguminiforin. 

Le-gfii-mi-no'sse,*  or  Fabaceae,* 
fa-ba'she-e.  A large  and  important  nat- 
ural order  of  exogenous  plants,  found  in 
all  parts  of  the  world.  It  includes  a 
variety  of  useful  and  beautiful  species, 
some  of  which,  as  clover  and  lucern, 
are  cultivated  for  cattle;  others,  as  peas 
and  beans,  form  part  of  the  food  of  man. 
Indigo,  liquorice,  gum-Arabic,  and  senna 
are  products  of  this  order.  The  proper- 
ties of  many  species  are  tonic,  purgative, 
or  narcotic. 

JLe-gii'iiii-noiis.  [Legaimino'sus ; 

from  legu'men , a “legume.”]  Having 
legumes. 

Femi'ina.:;-  [Gr.  \zXppa ; from  \sinu>,  to 
“leave.”]  The  residue,  or  what  is  left 
of  a thing. 

Lei-o-car'pus.$  [From  \eXog , 

“smooth,”  and  tap-nog,  “fruit.”]  Hav- 
ing smooth  fruit,  as  the  Heylandia  leio- 
carpa,  and  Panicum  leiocarpnm. 

Eei-o-^eph'a-lBis.*  [From  A eXog, 
“ smooth,”  and  tepoXfi,  the  “head.”] 
Having  a smooth  head,  or  hat.  Applied 
to  a species  of  mushroom. 

Fei-o-pby  rius.*  [From  A eXog, 

“smooth,”  and  <pv\\or,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing smooth  leaves : smooth  leaved. 

Fei-o-pi'lus.*  [From  A uog,  “smooth,” 
and  nX\og,  a “ hat.”]  Having  a smooth 
or  glabrous  hat.  Used  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  Leiocephalus. 

EeLo-piis,  p 'odis.*  [From  A clog, 
“ smooth,”  and  novg,  a “foot.”]  Having 
a smooth  stipes,  as  the  Helotinm  leiopus. 

Fei-o-sper'imis.;;:’  [From  A zXog, 

“ smooth,”  and  cmzppa,  a “seed.”]  Hav- 

ing smooth  seed,  as  the  Galium  leio- 
apermum. 

IjeI-o-sta'«by-iis.*  [From  A dog, 

“ smooth,”  and  cra\v;,  an  “car  of  corn.”] 
Having  smooth  ears;  the  glumes  which 
compose  them  being  smooth  and  glabrous, 
as  the  Trista'  chya  leiosta' chya. 

Eei-po-thyDBi'i-a.*  [From  \tiiroi,  to 
“relinquish,”  to  “fail,”  and  Qnpog,  tho 
“ mind.”]  The  sensation  of  sinking,  or 
fainting;  Dcliquium  animi : syncope. 

Lieni'nia,*  gen.  Lem'ina-tis.  [Gr. 

294 


A cpi*a-  from  Amo,  to  “decorticate.”]  The 
cortex , or  bark;  the  coat,  or  covering 
of  plants. 

Eem'ma.*  [Gr.  \rjppa;  from  \ay6avu, 
to  “ receive,”  or  “ take.”]  Something 
assumed  or  taken  for  granted  as  the  basis 
of  an  argument;  also,  the  demonstration 
of  some  premise,  in  order  to  render  what 
follows  more  easy. 

Leumaceje,::  lem-na'she-e,  or  Pis- 
tuaceae,*  pis-te-a'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  endogenous  plants,  often  found 
in  ditches.  It  includes  the  Lemna  (Duck- 
weed). 

ILeDii'oii.  [Li'mon,  ©'n<#.]  The 
fruit  of  the  Citrus  medica. 

FenBi-on-aile'.  A beverage  com- 
posed of  lemon-juice  diluted  with  water 
and  sweetened. 

JLpbii'obi  Scwr'vy-Grass.  The 

Cochlea' ria  ofiicina'lis,  regarded  as  a 
powerful  antiscorbutic. 

JLem'ous,  A^'ict  of.  Citric  acid. 

FeBii'oBus,  Salt  of.  Oxalic  acid, 
with  a small  portion  of  potash. 

JLenuieiitia,*  le-ne-en'she-a.  [From 
le'nio,  to  “ allay.”]  Medicines  which  al- 
lay irritation. 

ILen'I-tlve.  [I/eniti'vus ; from  the 
same.]  Assuaging , gently  palliating. 

Feai'itive  E-lec'tu-a-ry.  The  Con- 
fectio  sennte  com  posit  a. 

Lens,-;;-  gen.  Eesi'tis.  [A  “lentil;”  be- 
cause it  is  usually  convex  like  a lentil.]  A 
piece  of  glass,  or  transparent  substance, 
formed  so  as,  by  its  refraction,  to  converge 
or  scatter  the  rays  of  light.  See  Eve. 

Eeiitibulariaeeav*  len  -tib-u-la-re- 
a'she-e.  [From  Lentibula'ria,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
herbaceous  plants,  found  in  marshes  and 
streams  in  all  parts  of  tho  world. 

EeaB-tB-cel'la,*  plural  EeBB-ti-cel'lae. 
[From  lens,  a “lentil.”]  Applied  to 
ruddy  oval  points  upon  the  bark  of  tho 
branches  of  trees.  Also,  the  same  as 
Lenticula,  which  see. 

Een-ti-cel-la'tus.**  Having  leriti- 
cellse. 

Een-tic'ti-Ia.^  [Diminutive  of  lens, 
a “lentil.”]  A smaller  kind  of  lentil. 
Also,  an  instrument  for  removing  irregu- 
larities of  bone  from  tho  edge  of  tho  per- 
foration mado  in  tho  cranium  with  the 
trephine. 

Len-ticu-lar.  [EeBBticiBia'ris ; 

from  lens,  a “lentil.”]  Lens-shaped; 
double-convex. 

IiOBBtic'QfllaB*  <jlaBi'QiB-OBi.  A small 
reddish  body  near  tho  back  part  of  the 
orbit  of  the  eye,  between  the  optic  nerve 


LEN 


LEP 


and  the  external  rectus  muscle;  also 
termed  Ophthalmic,  ganglion. 

I,eoB tic'nlar  Pa-pi  l'lse.  The  papil- 
la) situated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
tongue 

[From  lens,  a "len- 
til,” and  fe'ro,  to  "bear.”]  Applied  to 
flowers  having  receptacles  in  the  form 
of  lentils. 

L.CEi'fil-foo'm.  [ILemtifor'mis ; from 
lens , a " lentil.”]  Formed  like  a lens. 

[From  lens,  a "len- 
til,” and  ge'ro,  to  "carry.”]  The  same 
as  Lkntiferus  : lentigerous. 

Len-tig'bnose.  Freckled  or  dusty- 
dotted,  as  the  parts  of  some  plants. 

LiCia-ti'go,  g'inis*  [From  lens,  a 
" lentil.”]  A cutaneous  affection  chiefly 
of  the  face,  in  which  there  arc  spots  of 
the  color  and  size  of  the  lentil  seed. 

Len  til!.  The  genus  Er vum : the  seed 
of  Ervum. 

Len'tor,  o'ris.®  [From  len'tns , 
"slow,”  "tough,”  "viscid.”]  Viscidity, 
or  gluey  consistence,  of  any  fluid. 

i'a-sis.*  [From  A:wi/,  a " lion” ?] 
A name  applied  to  the  disease  known  as 
the  Elephantiasis  Gracorum , and  other 
forms  of  leprosy. 

Iie-on' to-don,  [From  \scjv, 

the  "lion,”  and  diovg,  a "tooth;”  named 
from  the  tooth-like  sections  of  the  leaves.] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Si/nye- 
nesia , natural  order  Composite. 

Leon'todon  Ta-rax'a-cum.*  The 
plant  Dandelion  ; also  called  Dens  Leonis. 

Le-o-nu'rus.**  [From  a "lion,” 
and  ovpii,  a "tail.”]  Like  the  tail  of  a 
lion  : leonu'rous. 

Leopards  Bane.  The  common 
name  for  the  plant  Arnica  montana. 

Lep  'al.  A sterile  transformed  stamen. 

I^ep-i-daii'tSae-us.*  [From  \enig, 
hxifog,  a "scale,”  or  "husk,”  and  ai^Oo;,  a 
"flower.”]  Having  flowers  like  scales; 
squamiflorous. 

Lep-i-tlo-cSen'drosi.*  [From  Anri;,  a 
"scale,”  and  div&poj,  a "tree.”]  A genus 
of  fossil  trees  found  in  coal-beds.  They 
are  sometimes  several  feet  in  diameter, 
and  are  covered  with  regular  rhomboidal 
projections,  like  scales,  arranged  in  spiral 
rows,  extending  around  the  tree  from 
base  to  summit. 

ILep-i-do'des.*  [From  \smg,  a " scale.”] 
Resembling  scales ; scaly. 

I^ep  i-doid.  [ILepMoa'des ; from 
Xzmg,  a "scale,”  and  eUo;,  a "*form.”] 
Resembling  a scale. 

Lep-I-do-pliyl'loiis.  [ILepido- 
phyl'lus;  from  A smg,  a "scale,”  and 


(pvWoy,  a "leaf.”]  Having  leaves  in  the 
form  of  scales. 

Lep-i-do-plas'lns.*  [From  \eirig,  a 
" scale,”  and  irKaaao),  to  "form.”]  Form- 
ing scales. 

I^cpidoptera.  See  Lepidopterus. 

Lcp-i-dop'ter*us.'*  [From  \cirig,  a 
" scale,”  and  nrepor,  a " wing.”]  Lepidop'-- 
terous;  having  wings  sprinkled,  or  par- 
tially covered,  with  scales.  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  ( Lepidop' tera ) to  an 
order  of  insects  having  four  wings  so 
covered.  It  includes  the  butterfly,  and 
what  are  popularly  called  " millers.” 

Ijep-i-do'sis.-*  [F roin  \emg,  a " scale.”] 
A name  for  Ichthyosis,  which  see. 

Lep'i-dotc.  [Lepido'tus;  from 
AfTrtf , a "scale.”]  Furnished  with  scales; 
scaly,  or  scurfy. 

Lcp-o-ri'ificoHi  Lii'bl-iini,;:  Ix‘p- 
oriinaoai  Kas'truin.i:  The  defect 
called  hare-lip. 

L,ep'ra.*  [Gr.  A brpa,  "leprosy.”] 
(Fr.  Lepre , lepn  or  ldpn.)  Leprosy.  A 
disease  of  the  skin  distinguished  by  cir- 
cular scaly  patches.  A genus  of  the  order 
Impetigenes,  class  Cachexies,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Lep'ra  Ar'a-bura.5  An  epithet  of 
Elephantiasis  Gr&corum , or  tubercular 
Elephantiasis . 

I..fcprc.  See  Lepra. 

Llpreux.  Sec  Leprous. 

Lep-ri'a-sis.*  [From \tnpog,  "rough.”] 
The  specific  name  for  leprosy,  or  Lepi- 
dosis  lepriasis. 

Lep'ri-cus.;  Belonging  to  lepra: 
lep'ric. 

ILcp-ropfa-thal'mi-a.*  [From  A hrpa, 
the  "leprosy,”  and  oipOaXpdg,  the  "eye.”] 
Leprous  ophthalmia. 

LeiwopEB-tliarmus.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  eye  affected  by  leproph- 
thalmy ; also,  the  patient  laboring  under 
that  affection. 

Lep-ro-sa'ri-iim.^  A hospital  for 
the  treatment  of  leprosy ; a leper-house, 
or  Domus  leprosarius. 

Liop-ro-sa'ri-tis.*  [From  AtTpa, "lep- 
rosy.”] Belonging  to  lepra. 

Iiep-ro'sis.*  [From  Xcnpa,  "leprosy.”] 
The  progress  of  leprosy. 

leprosy.  See  Lepra. 

Lep'roiis.  [Lepro'sus:  from  lep' - 
r«.]  (Fr.  Lepreux , la'piiuh'.)  Belong- 
ing to  lepra ; scaly. 

I^ep-ta-caiB'tEBMS.‘:|J  [From  \evTog, 
" slender,”  and  anavda,  a " spine.”]  Hav- 
ing slender  spines. 

Jhep-taii'dra.*  A name  applied  to 
the  root  of  the  Veronica  Virginica.  It 
295 


LEP 


LEU 


has  been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  in  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860.  The  active  principle 
of  the  plant,  called  Leptun'drin,  is  re- 
garded as  an  excellent  cholagogue  cathar- 
tic, and  is  extensively  used  as  a substi- 
tute for  mercury. 

Lej»-tan'drin.  [Leptamlri'isa.] 

See  preceding  article. 

Lep-to-cau ' lis.*  [From  Xs:rr<%, 

“ slender/’  and  KavXog , a “ stem.”]  Hav- 
ing a slender  stem. 

Lep*to*^eph'a>lns.^  [From  Xem-og, 
“ slender,”  and  Kcpahj,  a “head.”]  Hav- 
ing a small  head.  Applied  to  plants  or 
flowers. 

Iiep-tocli'ro-a,*  or  I/ep-tocIi'ros.*' 

[From  \errro;,  “fine,”  or  ‘‘slender,”  and 
Xf>6a,  the  “skin.”]  A fine,  thin,  soft,  or 
delicate  membrane. 

£iep'to-ilon,  on'fts.*  [From  Vrrdj, 
“ fine,”  or  “ slender,”  and  dfovg,  a “tooth.”] 
Having  very  small  teeth. 

I*ep-to-pet'a^lus.*~  [From  Xsnrog, 

“ slender,”  and  irzra\oj,  a “ petal.”]  Hav- 
ing strait  or  narrow  petals. 

Lep-to-ph^l'lus.^  [From  Xrrrrd;, 

“ slender,”  and  (bvXXov,  a “ leaf.”]  Having 
slender  leaves. 

Lep-top'o-dus.^  [From  Xsizrog, 

“ slender,”  and  novg,  a “ foot.”]  Having 
a slender  stipes,  or  foot. 

I^ep-to-rliizus.*  [From  Xcnrog, 
“slender,”  and  pi’^a,  a “root.”]  Having 
slender  roots. 

Lep-ti>-sep'a-Iais.*  [From  Xcnrog, 

“slender,”  and  sep'aluin,  a “sepal.”] 
Having  narrow,  linear  sepals. 

Lep-to-sper'  me- us.-  Applied  in 
the  plural  feminine  ( Leptosper'mese ) t ) a 
tribe  of  Myrtacese,  having  the  Leptosper- 
mum  for  their  type  : leptosper'meous. 

Lep-to-sper'miis/3*  [From  Xzjrog, 

“slender,”  and  an':pua , a “seed.”]  Hav- 
ing very  small  seeds:  leptosper'mous. 

Lep-t»-sta'€liy-us.?  [From  Xenroq, 
“ slender,”  and  ordx%,  an  “ear  of  corn.”] 
H aving  slender  ears. 

Ijep-to-sty'Iiis.**  [From  Xf7r rog,  “ slen- 
der,” and  otuXoj,  a “ style.”]  Having  a 
filiform  style. 

liep-to-tricli'I-a.*  [From  Xarrdg, 

“slender,”  or  “fine,”  and  0pi£,  “hair.”] 
Fineness,  or  thinness,  of  the  hair. 

Le'sion.  [I^Te'sio.  o'h»*  ; from  he' do, 
he' sum,  to  “hurt.”]  Literally,  an  “in- 
jury.” A vitiated  or  depressed  condition 
of  any  organ  or  part.  Applied  in  Surgery 
to  a hurt,  wound,  or  injury  of  a part. 

Legion  of  Nu-trl'tion.  A term  for 
those  pathological  alterations  which 

296 


originate  in  the  capillary  system,  con- 
sisting in  any  excess  or  deficiency  of  the 
particles  of  blood  in  the  process  of  as- 
similation and  absorption,  etc. 

lethal.  [lietBia'lfls ; from  le’tJium , 
“ death.”]  Belonging  to  death ; mortal ; 
fatal. 

Le-thal'i-t^.  [Lethal'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  letha'lis,  “deadly.”]  The  quality 
of  being  deadly,  or  fatal;  mortality. 

ILe-tliar'gic.  [Lethar'gicns.]  Be- 
longing to  a state  of  lethargy. 

IhettB'ar-gy.  [Ix'thar'gus ; from 
Xijdn,  “forgetfulness.”]  A state  of  marked 
drowsiness,  or  sleep,  which  cannot  be 
driven  olf. 

ILettuce.  See  Lactuca. 

I^ettuce  Opium.  See  Lactucarium. 

lettuce.  Opium-  or  Strong-scent- 
ed. See  Lactuca  Virosa. 

^Leucaemia.  See  Leuch^emia. 

r.eu-<Qse-tIiI-o'pi-a.';::*  [From  Xeu/cog, 
“white,”  and  a-9ioi^,  an  “Ethiopian,”  or 
“ negro.”]  The  same  as  Albinism,  which 
see. 

Iieu-^se'ttai-ops,  op/'s.*  [From  the 
same.]  See  Albino. 

Leu-canthous.  [Leucanthns; 

from  Xs/ko;,  “white,”  and  avQo;,  a “flow- 
er.”] White-flowered. 

or  Leu-kae'cni-a.* 
[From  Xsvicog,  “white,”  and  alpa,  the 
“blood.”]  Literally, “white blood.”  Ap- 
plied by  Virchow  to  a morbid  condition 
of  the  blood,  in  which  there  is  a continual 
increase  in  the  colorless  corpuscles,  so 
that  in  some  cases  the  number  of  the 
colorless  globules  is  almost  equal  to  that 
of  the  red  ones.  See  Leucocvtosis. 

Leu'fin.  [Leuci'na;  from  Xemog, 
“white.”]  A white,  pulverulent  sub- 
stance obtained  from  beef-fibre,  etc. 

Leu-gl'lis,  id  is  S’  [From  Xsvicog, 
“white.”]  The  same  as  Sclerotitis, 
which  see. 

L«eu-c»-car'pus.*  [From  Xsvicog, 
“white,”  and  KafmSg,  “fruit.”]  Having 
white  fruit:  leucocar'pous. 

Lreu-co-^epli  a-1  us.*  [From  Xzvicog, 
“ white,”  and  Ki(paXrj , the  ‘“  head.”]  Hav- 
ing white  flowers  joined  together  in 
capitules. 

I^u-c©-£^-thae'mI-a.*  [From  XevtcAg, 
“white,”  tcvro g,  a “ cell,”  and  alpa,u  blood.”] 
Sometimes  .applied,  like  leuchsp.mia , to  a 
state  of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a 
superabundance  of  colorless  corpuscles; 
more  properly,  fatty  blood  in  which 
there  is  a milky,  opalescent  appearance; 
white-cell  blood. 

r.eu-co-£y-to'sis.:i* 


[From  Xfwcdjj 


LEU 


LEV 


“ white,”  and  Kvrog,  a “cell.”]  A term 
applied  by  Virchow  to  a morbid  con- 
dition, in  which  there  is  an  increase  in 
the  colorless  corpuscles  of  the  blood,  de- 
pendent (as  he  supposes)  on  an  affection 
of  the  lymphatic  glands.  He  considers 
leukaemia  to  be  a “sort  of  permanent 
progressive  leucocytosis  ; ' and  the  latter, 
a “transitory  process  connected  with 
fluctuating  conditions  in  certain  organs/’ 

Iiefi-co-(len'<lron,i:  I^ii-co-den 

drum.*  [From  \e  *6$,  “white,”  and 
iei'Apou,  a “tree.”]  The  specific  name  of 
the  Melaleuca  leucodendron. 

I^eii'col.  [From  \evx6g,  “white,”  and 
o'leum,  “ oil.”]  A basic  substance  found 
in  the  naphtha  of  coal  gas. 

lieii-co-Ho ' anus.*  [From  \svk6s, 
“white,”  and  Xcoga,  a “frame.”]  Bor- 
dered with  white. 

Lefi'Co'ma,  n'tis.%  [From  XsvKrfg, 
“white.”]  A milky  opacity  of  the  cor- 
nea, the  effect  of  an  ulcer  or  wound,  with 
loss  of  substance ; the  pin  and  web.  See 
Albugo. 

I.efi-com-a-to'des.*  Having  leu- 
coma  : leucom'atous. 

ILeu-co-ma-to-i'deS.'*  [From  leu- 
co'ma,  and  *7<3 o$,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
leucoma : leucom'atoid. 

liefi-com'ma,  a tU.*  [From  \svKog, 
“white,”  and  oupa,  “appearance.”]  A 
white  opacity  of  the  cornea. 

liC'fi-eo-uo'tiis.'*  [From  Xs’wd?, 
“white,”  and  vc oto$,  the  ‘‘back.”]  White 
on  the  under-surface.  Applied  to  leaves. 

]Leu-co-g>a-llfoa  'a.*  [From  X s:nc6g, 
“white,”  and  v:i9og,  “disease.”]  A dis- 
ease affecting  negroes,  by  which  they 
become  white,  and  termed  Albinos. 

Iieu-co-3>atIa'i-cus.*  Belonging  to 
leucopathia. 

l«eu-eo-pSiles,'ma-sy.  [ ILeueo- 

plalegana'sia ; from  Xs  wg.  “white,” 
and  (fiXkypa,  “phlegm.”]  A dropsical 
tendency,  denoted  by  a pale,  tumid,  and 
flabby  condition  of  body. 

I^eu-eo-plileg‘-mat'B<*.  [Leuco- 

ptilegmat'icus.]  Belonging  to  leuco- 
phlegmasy. 

lieu-eo-plaleg’-ma-to'rtes.*  [From 
leucophlegma'sia.]  Having  leucophleg- 
masy. 

I^eii-e©-plileg-ma-t©-i'des.*  [From 
leucophlegma'sia,  and  epio;,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  leucophlegmasy. 

I,eu-e©-i>hyl-la'tus,*  I>u-c©- 

pliyl'lns.5*  [From  Xs»wo?,  “white,” 
and  0i>XXoi/,  a “leaf.”]  Having  white 
\eaves. 

Leii-c©p'a-per9  er is.*  [From  \cuk6s, 
26 


“white,”  and  nenepi,  “pepper.”]  The 
Piper  album , or  white  pepper.  Se« 
Piper. 

[From  Xewoj,  “ white,”  and  nuvg,  a “ foot.”] 
Having  a white  stipes,  or  white  petioles. 

I^fi-c*©I»'ter-u«.*  [From  \evk6$, 
“ white,”  and  irrepov,  a “wing.”]  Having 
white  wings : leuccp'terous. 

p 'odis.%  The  same  as 
Leucopodius,  which  see. 

I^eu-eor-rltoe'a.'*  [From  \evic6g, 
“white,”  and  pirn,  to  “flow.”]  (Fr.  Leu- 
corrhee , luh'ko'r&'.)  A whitish  mucous 
secretion  of  the  vagina,  arising  from  de- 
bility, or  from  inflammatory  action;  the 
whites;  also  termed  Catarrlius  vaginae, 
and  Fluor  a/bus. 

Lcu>cor*i’hoi*(ns.$  Belonging  to 

leucorrheea  ; leucorrho'ic. 

Leu-co'sis.*  The  formation  or  pro- 
gress of  leucoma. 

Lrii-co-sper'mns/  [From  \evKcg, 
“ white,”  and  avqpa,  a “seed.”]  Having 
white  fruit  or  seed  : leucosper'mous. 

Leu-cos'to-mus.*  [From  \erKog, 
“white,”  and  crcpa,  a “mouth.”]  Hav- 
ing a white  peristome,  or  wrhite  mouth. 

JLeii-cot'I-cus.*  Belonging  to  leu- 
coma. 

Leuksemia.  See  Leuch^emia. 

Levain,  leh-vaNG'.  The  French  term 
for  Ferment,  which  see. 

ILe-va'tor,  o'r>V*  [From  le'vo,  le- 
va'turn,  to  “raise,”  to  “lift  up.”]  An 
elevator,  or  lifter  up.  Applied  to  muscles. 

L.e'ver.  [From  le'vo,  to  “lift  up.”] 
A mechanical  power,  consisting  of  a rod 
or  bar  resting  upon  a certain  determinate 
point,  termed  its  fulcrum,  which,  if  the 
object  be  to  gain  power,  should  always 
be  nearer  to  the  resistance  to  be  over- 
come than  to  the  force  applied  ; but  when 
the  object  is  to  gain  time,  the  fulcrum 
should  be  nearer  to  the  force  than  to  the 
resistance.  See  Vectis. 

Lev-bcos'tate.  [ILaevieosta'tus ; 
from  Ise'risf  smooth, ’’and  cos'ta,  a “ rib.”] 
Having  smooth  ribs. 

Levi-fo'li-«us.  [IiSevifoTius ; 

from  lee' vis,  “smooth,”  and  f o' Hum,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  smooth  leaves. 

l^ev'i-g’ate.  [ILseviga'tus;  from 
leev'igo , laeriga'tum,  to  “smooth.”] 
Smoothly  polished. 

Levd-ga'tion.  [Lieviga'tio,  © 'nis ; 
from  the  same.]  The  process  of  rubbing 
down  any  hard  substance  to  an  impal- 
pable powder,  so  that  no  roughness  or 
grittiness  is  perceptible. 

Iiev'i=pede.  [ILae'vipes,  p'edis; 

297 


LEV 


LIG 


from  Ise' cis,  "smooth,”  and pes,  a "foot.”] 
Having  smooth  feet. 

Bfcvre,  levR  or  1&vr.  The  French 
term  for  "lip.”  See  Labium,  and 
Lip. 

Bexipbarmic.  See  Alexipharmic. 

Bey.  See  Lye. 

Beyden  (li'den)  Bat'te-ry.  A num- 
ber of  Leyden  jars,  connected  externally 
by  being  placed  on  tinfoil,  or  other  good 
conductor,  and  internally  by  a metallic 
rod  or  wire  communicating  with  the  in- 
ternal coating  of  each  jar. 

Bey 'den  Jar.  A glass  jar  or  bottle, 
coated  to  within  a short  distance  from 
the  top  with  tinfoil,  within  and  without, 
and  having  a rod  with  a ball  at  the  top 
passing  through  the  cork  to  the  interior 
coating.  It  is  used  for  accumulating 
electricity  in  larger  quantity  than  in  the 
prime  conductor. 

Bi-as'ic,  or  Bl-as'sic.  [Bias'sicus.] 
Applied  to  a group  of  strata,  of  which 
the  rock  which  forms  the  type  has  been 
named  Lias  by  English  geologists. 

Li  bert  The  interior  fibrous  bark 
of  exogenous  plants.  It  serves  to  con- 
vey downwards  the  secretions  elaborated 
in  the  bark  and  leaves. 

BI-bi'<lo,  Minis*  [From  li.'beo , to 
"please,”  or  "like.”]  Venereal  desire. 

Bi'bra.*  [From  \irpa,  a " silver 
coin,”  or  a "pound.”]  A pound-weight. 

Bich'en.  [Lat.  Bi'-eben,  e’nis;  Gr. 
\a\fis.]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Cn/ptoijamia . Also,  a disease  consisting 
in  extensive  eruption  of  papulae,  usually 
terminating  in  scurf. 

Bi'cben  Ce-tra'ri-a.  * Iceland 

moss,  or  liverwort,  now  called  Cetraria 
Jslandica. 

Bi'cben  Is-lan'di-ca.*  The  same  as 
Lichen  Cetraria. 

Bi  cben  The  herb  from 

which  Litmus,  or  Lacmus , is  obtained; 
the  Roccclla  tinctoria. 

Li  chen  Sax-at'I-lis.*  The  Mus'cxis 
cra'nii  hxuna’ni,  a plant  sometimes  grow- 
ing on  the  human  skull. 

Bieli'e-imte.  [Bicbe'nas,  a'l!/#.] 
A combination  of  lichenic  acid  with  a 
salifiable  base. 

Bi-cbe'neS,*  the  plural  of  Lichen, 
which  see. 

BI*cben'ic.  [Bicbeii'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  lichens ; applied  to  an  acid 
li'Covered  in  the  Cetraria  Jslandica. 

Bieb-e-iiic'o-lus.*  [From  li'chen , 
and  co'loj  to  "inhabit.”]  That  which 
grows  upon  lichens. 

Bi-cben-Bioriiiis.*  [From  li'chen.] 
298 


Having  the  appearance  of  lichen: 
licheniform. 

Bieb'e-nin.  [Bicbeni'na.]  A 

substance  obtained  from  the  Lichen 
Jslandica . 

Bick-e-no-graph'ic.  [Bicbeno- 

g’B*a£>lt'iCMS.]  Belonging  to  lichenog- 
raphy. 

LicBa-e-nogra-phy.  [Bicbeno- 

gra'iiliia;  from  li'chen,  and  ypd(j) o>,  to 
"write.”]  A description  of  lichens. 

Bi-chen-«-i'des.;ii  [From  li'chen, 
and  £l6o;,  a "form.”]  Resembling  a 
lichen : lich'enoid. 

Lich-e-nol'o-gy.  [Bichenolo'- 

g-ia;  from  li'chen , and  Xoyug,  a "dis- 
course.”] The  part  of  Botany  devoted 
to  lichens. 

Bieb'en-ous.  [Biicbeno'sus;  from 
li'chen.]  Pertaining  to  lichens ; resem- 
bling a lichen. 

Bid.  See  Operculum. 

Bieberku'bmii  (lee-ber-ku'ne-i) 
G3an'du-lav;;:‘  ("Glands  of  Lieber- 
kiihn.”)  See  Lieberkuhn’s  Glands. 

Bieberku  bat's  (lee'ber-kiinz') 

Glands,  or  Fol'li-cles.  [Gian 'dulse 
or  Cryp'tse  Bieberkubnia'nae.] 
The  minute  tubular  glands  of  the  small 
intestine,  first  described  by  Lieberkiihn. 

Bi'en,-'-  gen.  Bi-e'nss.  The  organ  or 
viscus  of  the  abdominal  cavity  called  the 
spleen. 

Bien©malacaa,*le-en-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From  Wen,  the  " spleen,”  and  paXasia,  a 
"softening.”]  Morbid  softening  of  the 
spleen. 

Bl'en-ter-y.  [Biente'ria;  from 

Xfctoj,  "smooth,”  and  t.<rzpov,  an  "intes- 
tine.”] A species  of  diarrhoea , in  which 
the  food  passes  rapidly  through  the 
bowels  undigested. 

Bife.  [Lat.Vi'ta;  Gr.  <3(os  and$a><7;  Fr. 
Vie,  vA]  That  mysterious  principle  ex- 
isting in  organized  beings,  whereby  they 
are  endowed  with  certain  powers  or  func- 
tions peculiar  to  themselves,  and  not  pos- 
sessed by  any  form  of  inorganic  matter. 
As  soon  as  life  has  ceased  in  any  ani- 
mal (or  plant),  the  matter  of  which  this 
is  composed,  being  no  longer  protected  by 
the  vital  forces,  is  thenceforth  subject  to 
those  laws  of  affinity  which  regulate  the 
composition  of  inorganic  bodies,  and  that 
combination  of  elements  which  was  the 
result  of  life,  gives  place  to  new  combi- 
nations, formed  in  obedience  to  the  laws 
of  chemistry.  Bichat  defined  life  to  be 
the  "aggregate  of  those  functions  which 
resist  death.” 

Big'^-mont. 


[Bigauien'tum ; 


LIG 


LIG 


from  li'go,  liya'tum , to  “bind.”]  A 
peculiar,  elastic,  membranous  substance, 
connecting  the  ends  of  movable  bones. 

IJg-a-meii'ta,*  the  plural  of  Liya- 
mentum.  See  Ligament. 

Ugameai'ta  Sub-fla'v#  (“Yel- 
lowish Ligaments”),  otherwise  called 
Vel'low  lAg'anieiits.  The  ligaments 
occupying  the  intervals  between  the  ver- 
tebrae, which  thus  complete  the  back  part 
of  the  spinal  canal.  They  are  com- 
posed of  dense,  yellow,  elastic  fibres. 

Ug-a-men'tous.  [Iagameiito'- 
sus;  from  liy amen' turn , a “ligament.”] 
Of  the  nature  of  a ligament;  belonging 
to  a ligament. 

Ug'a-nients,  Vag'i-nal.  [Liga- 
aiieai'ta  Vagiaia  lia.j  A term  for  the 
sheath-like  ligaments  of  the  flexor  ten- 
dons of  the  fingers. 

Ugaincntum  Coracoiileum.  See 

Coracoid  Ligament. 

IA-ga'tion.  [lAga'tio,  o 'nis  ; from 
li'go,  liga'tum , to  “ bind.”]  The  act  of 
tying,  or  of  applying  a ligature,  as  to  an 
artery,  etc. 

JLag'a-ture.  [Ligafu'ra;  from  the 
same.]  A thread  of  silk,  flax,  or  other 
suitable  material,  for  tying  arteries,  or 
other  parts. 

Uglit.  [Lat.  Lux;  Gr.  «0eik;  Fr. 
Lumiere,  lume-en'.]  The  agent  of 
vision.  It  is  distinguished  into  two 
kinds,  viz. : natural  light,  proceeding 
from  the  sun  and  stars,  and  artificial 
light,  proceeding  frofn  terrestrial  bodies 
which  burn  or  which  are  strongly  heated. 
The  phenomena  of  light  may  be  referred 
to  the  following  heads: — 

1.  Radiation,  the  emission  of  light, 
or  of  caloric,  in  all  directions,  in  the  form 
of  radii,  or  rays.  A collection  of  such 
rays,  passing  nearly  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, is  termed  a pencil.  The  radiant 
point  is  the  point  from  which  diverging 
rays  proceed;  the  focus,  the  point  to 
which  converging  rays  are  collected. 

2.  Reflection,  the  rebound  of  a ray  of 
light,  or  of  caloric,  from  a polished  sur- 
face: the  angle  of  incidence  being  equal 
to  the  angle  of  reflection. 

3.  Refraction , the  break  of  the  natu- 
ral course  of  a ray  of  light  as  it  passes 
into  a transparent  substance,  as  glass,  or 
water ; this  is  termed  ordinary  refraction. 
Tf  a ray  fall  upon  the  surface  of  Iceland 
spar,  or  certain  other  substances,  it  will 
be  split  into  two  portions,  making  an 
angle  with  each  other,  and  each  pursu- 
ing its  own  separate  course;  this  is 
called  double  refraction , — one  of  these 


rays  following  the  same  rule  as  if  the 
substance  were  glass  or  water,  the  other 
undergoing  extraordinary  refraction. 

Ugne,  l£h.  The  French  term  for 
“line.”  See  Line  A. 

Ugne  Blanche,  16n  bloNsh.  The 
French  term  for  Linea  Alba,  which  see. 

Lig'ne-ous.  [Lig'neus;  from  liy'- 
num,  “wood.”]  (Fr.  Liyneux,  l&n'yuh'.) 
Of  the  nature  of  wood;  resembling 
wood;  woody. 

Lig-nif  er-ous.  [Ugnirerus ; 

from  liy'num , “wood,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  wood. 

Ug'ni-I’orin.  [IJgiiifor'mis ; from 
liy'num , “wood.”]  Resembling  wood. 

Big'nin,  or  IJg'nine.  [Ljgni'na; 

from  the  same.]  The  woody  fibre  con- 
stituting the  fibrous  structure  of  vegeta- 
ble substances,  the  most  abundant  prin- 
ciple in  plants. 

Ug'nous.  [Ligno'sns ; from  the 
same.]  Wooden,  or  like  wood;  woody. 

Ug'mim.*  A Latin  word  signify- 
ing “wood,”  used  in  medicine  chiefly 
in  such  phrases  as  Lignum  Q it  assise,  Lig- 
num Vitse,  etc.  See  Wood. 

Lig ' n ii  in  Cam-pe-clil-a'n  uni.* 

(“Campeachy  Wood.”)  See  H^ema- 
toxylon. 

Lignum  Col-ii-bri'iiuin.* 

(“Snake  Wood.”)  Another  name  for 
the  Aristolochia  Serpentaria. 

Lignum  In'di-cum.*  (“Indian 
Wood.”)  The  wood  of  the  Hsematoxylon 
Campechianum. 

Lignum  Quassia?.  See  Quassia. 

Big'niun  Vi'tav*  (“  Wood  of  Life.”) 
The  wood  of  Guaiacum  officinale.  See 
Guaiaci  Lignum. 

Iiig-'u-la.*  [As  if  lin’gula,  diminutive 
of  lin'yua,  a “tongue.”]  A little  tongue. 
The  tongue  of  the  Crustacea,  Arachni- 
des,  and  Insecta. 

Ug'u-late.  [Ligiila'tus ; from 
liy' ula,  a “little  tongue,”  also,  a “ strap.”] 
Strap-shaped. 

I<ig'ule.  [Ug'ula,  a “ little  tongue,” 
or  “strap.”]  A strap-shaped  corolla. 

Iiig-u-Sif er-us.;i:  [From  liy’ ula,  a 
“little  tongue,”  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  ligules. 

Ug-u-li-filo'rus.*  [From  liy' ula,  a 
“little  tongue,”  and  jftos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  ligulated  corollas. 

Lag-ii-lI-loTI-us.*  [From  Ug’ula, 
a “little  tongue,”  and  fo'linm,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  linear  leaves. 

Big'n-li-form.  [Ugulifor'mis ; 
from  liy' ula,  a “little  tongue.”]  Like  a 
ligulated  corolla. 


299 


LIL 


LIN 


Lil'I-a,*  the  plural  of  Lil'i-iiiii, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Liliace^e. 

Liliaceae,*  lil-e-a'she-e.  [From 
Lil'ium,  one  of  the  genera.]  A large 
natural  order  of  endogenous  plants, 
natives  of  many  tropical  and  temperate 
regions.  It  includes  the  lily,  tulip,  hy- 
acinth, asparagus,  onion,  and  other 
plants  prized  for  beauty  or  utility. 
Among  the  products  of  this  order  are 
aloes,  squills,  and  New  Zealand  flax. 
Several  species  are  used  as  purgatives 
or  emetics. 

Ul-i-a'ceous.  [ILilia'ceiis ; from 
lil'ium , a “lily.”]  Resembling  the  lily, 
or  Liliacese. 

Lil-i-i-flo'riis.*  [From  lil’ium , a 
“lily,”  and  flos , a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  resembling  the  lily. 

Iiil-i-i-for'inis.*  [From  lil'ium , a 
“lily.”]  Having  the  form  of  a lily. 

Lil'I-iim.*  The  lily.  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Hexandria,  natural 
order  Liliacese. 

JLini.  = Limo’nes .*  “ Lemons.” 

lAma^on,  le'mAs6NG'.  The  French 
term  for  Cochlea,  which  see. 

Lim-a-tu'ra.*  [From  li’ma , a “ file.”] 
The  filings  of  a metal. 

Idmatu'ra  Fer'ri.*  (“Filings  of 
Iron,”  or  “ Iron  Filings.”)  A prepara- 
tion used  as  a mild  chalybeate. 

Liimb.  [From  lim'bus , a “border”?] 
One  of  the  extremities  of  an  animal,  as  a 
leg,  or  arm.  Applied  in  Botany  to  the 
blade  or  lamina  of  a petal,  a sepal,  etc.; 
the  expanded  part  of  a corolla,  or  calyx. 

Lim'bate.  [From  the  same.]  Bor- 
dered. 

Lim-bif'er-us.*  [From  lim'bus,  a 
“ border,”  and  fe’ro , to  “bear.”]  Hav- 
ing a border,  or  margin. 

Lime.  [Lat.  Falx,  Fal'cis;  Fr. 
Chaux , sho.]  Oxide  of  calcium  ; one  of 
the  primitive  earths,  abundant  in  nature, 
but  always  united  to  an  acid,  most  fre- 
quently the  carbonic. 

lame.  [ILi'mtm,  o'li/#.]  The  fruit 
of  the  Citrus  limetta , or  Citrus  limo- 
num. 

Lime,  Fblo'raile  of.  A compound  of 
chlorine  and  lime,  much  used  as  a disin- 
fecting agent.  For  this  purpose,  one 
pound  may  be  dissolved  in,  or  mixed 
with,  six  gallons  of  water. 

Lime'stone.  [La'pis  Calca'reus.] 
Carbonate  of  lime ; one  of  the  most 
abundant  and  most  important  of  strati- 
fie  1 rocks. 

Lime-Water.  See  Liquor  Calcis 
300 


IJm'a-cns.*  [From  \ip6q,  “hunger.”] 
Belonging  to  hunger. 

LiBii-i-for'inas.*  [From  li’ma,  a 
“file.”]  Having  the  appearance  of  a file. 

JLim-no-me-itlfii'tis,  i dis*  [From 
a “stagnant  pool,”  or  “marsh,” 
and  mephi'tis,  a “stink;”  a “strong, 
heavy  smell.”]  Marsh-miasm,  or  the 
effluvia  arising  from  vegetable  matter  in 
a putrescent  state,  as  in  moist  or  marshy 
ground. 

Lim-no-pol'y-pns.$  [From  \ipvr),  a 
“stagnant  pool,”  or  “marsh,”  and  ttoAu- 
7ro  a “ polypus  ”]  Applied  in  the  plu- 
ral masculine  (Limnopol’ypi)  to  a family 
of  the  Pol’ypi  brackios’toma. 

Limon,i:  gen.  O-mo'iiis.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the  fruit  of 
the  Ci'trus  limo'num ; and  of  the  Ci'trus 
mejd’ica. 

IA-mo'nes,*  gen.  Li-mo  nuin,  the 

plural  of  Li.mon,  which  see. 

Li-moHis  Cor'tex.*  (“'Rind  of 
Lemon,”  or  “Lemon-Peel.”)  The  Phar- 
maeopoeial  name  ||  for  the  rind  of  the 
fruit  of  the  Citrus  limonum. 

Limosiis  Suc'cus.*  (“Lemon- 
juice.”)  The  name  applied  to  the  juice 
of  the  fruit  of  the  Citrus  limonum.  It 
has  been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S.  Phar- 
macopoeia for  1860. 

Li-mo'amni  For'tex.*  (“Rind  of 
Lemons.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  fresh  and 
dry  exterior  rind  of  the  fruit  of  the  Cit- 
rus limonum. 

ILi-moptn'tlii-sis.*  [From  hpog,  “ hun- 
ger,” “famine,”  and  QOiotg,  a “ wasting.”] 
Tabes,  or  wasting,  from  privation  of  food. 

IAm-op-so'ra.*  [From  Xf pog,  “fam- 
ine,” and  ipupa,  “scabies.”]  A kind  of 
scabies  which  attacks  man  and  the  lower 
animals  from  long  privation  of  food. 

Li- mo 'sis.*  [From  Xqidj,  “famine.”] 
Morbid  appetite.  A genus  of  diseases 
characterized  by  depraved,  excessive,  or 
defective  appetite. 

I,mi-o-tBier-a-pn  a.*  [From 
“hunger,”  and  fopane'a,  the  “system  of 
healing.”]  The  treatment  of  disease  by 
abstinence. 

la'moms,  or  ILfi-niiose'.  [Linno'sus; 

from  li’mus,  “mud,”  “clay,”  “slime.”] 
Applied  to  plants  growing  in  muddy  soils. 
Sometimes  applied  to  soil  or  strata  com- 
posed of  mud,  argillaceous  marl,  or  sand, 
cither  separate  or  combined. 

Linacea1,5  li-na'shc-c.  [From  Li'- 
num , one  of  the  genera.]  A small  natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants,  native*  of 


LIN 


LIN 


Europe,  Africa,  etc.  It  includes  Linurn 
(flax).  The  chief  characters  of  this 
order  are  the  tenacity  of  the  fibres  and 
the  mucilage  of  the  seeds. 

Un-a-g'o'g'iis.*  [From  \ivov,  a “ flax- 
en thread,”  and  ayw,  to  “lead.”]  An 
instrument  used  in  the  operation  for 
vesico-vaginal  fistula. 

liinamientum.  See  Lint. 

Unc'tus.*  [From  Jin' go,  line' turn,  to 
“lick,”  or  “lap.”]  A looch  (or  lohoch), 
or  electuary ; any  medicine  licked  off 
the  spoon  because  of  its  adhesive  consis- 
tence. 

Line.  See  Linea. 

Lin'e-a,*  plural  Lin'e-se.  [From 
li'num , a “thread.”]  A line,  or  thread; 
the  twelfth  part  of  an  inch.  In  Geometry, 
that  which  has  length  without  breadth. 

Lin'ea  Al'ba.*  (“White  Line.”)  (Fr. 
Ligne  Blanche , len  bloNsh.)  The  central 
tendinous  line  extending  from  the  ensi- 
form  cartilage  to  the  pubes. 

Lin'ea  As'per-a.*  (“  Lough  Line.”) 
A rough  prominence  observed  along  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  femur. 

Liai'ea  In-nom-i-na'ta.*  Literally, 
the  “ unnamed  line.”  An  elevated  line 
forming  a part  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 

Lin'e-a;  Al-M-can'tes.*  (“Whitish 
Lines.”)  Applied  to  certain  shining 
reddish  and  whitish  lines  on  the  abdo- 
men, extending  from  the  groins  and  pubes 
to  the  navel,  sometimes  occurring  in 
women  during  the  first  three  or  four  days 
after  delivery. 

Liai'eae  Sem-i-lu-aTta'res.*  (“Semi- 
lunar Lines.”)  The  lines  which  bound 
the  exterior  margin  of  the  recti  muscles 
of  the  abdomen. 

Liii'ese  TVaws-ver'sse.*  (“Trans- 
verse Lines.”)  The  lines  which  cross 
the  recti  muscles ; also  applied  to  some 
fibres  which  run  across  the  raphe  of  the 
corpus  callosum. 

Lin'e-ar.  [Linea'ris ; from  lin'ea, 
a “line.”]  (Fr.  Lineaire,  le'n&'eit'.)  Dis- 
posed in  lines ; pertaining  to,  or  in  the 
form  of,  a line.  In  Botany,  narrow,  and 
much  longer  than  broad,  with  parallel 
margins,  as  a leaf  of  grass. 

Liii-e-ar-i-fo'li-Bis.*  [From  linea'- 
ris , “linear,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  linear  leaves. 

Lin'e-ate.  [Laiiea'tus ; from  lin'ea, 
a “line.”]  Marked  with  lines;  streaked. 

Lin-e-at-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  linea'- 
tus,  “linear,”  and  f o' Hum.  a “leaf.”] 
Having  leaves  of  which  the  nervures  run 
parallel  from  base  to  apex. 

Li-ne'o-la.*  [Diminutive  of  lin'ea, 
26* 


a “line.”]  Applied  to  certain  small 
white  lines  sometimes  seen  on  the  fe- 
male breast. 

LiEi'e-o-fiate.  [Lineola  tus;  from 
line'ola,  a “little  line.”]  Marked  with 
fine  or  obscure  lines. 

Lifii'g'nal.  [LEEBgBia'lis  ; from  lin'- 
gua,  a “tongue.”]  Belonging  to  the 
tongue. 

lau-g-ui-fo'li-us.*  [From  lin'gua , 
a “tongue,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing linguiform  leaves. 

Lin'guidbrni.  [Ling-tailor 'mis ; 
from  lin'gua,  a “tongue.”]  Formed  liko 
a tongue. 

Liiu'gui-la.*  [Diminutive  of  lin'gua , 
a “tongue.”J  A little  tongue;  a latchet. 

LiBi'gu-late.  [Lingnla'tus;  from 
lin'gula,  a “little  tongue.”]  Having  a 
little  tongue ; tongue-shaped. 

Li'ni,*  the  genitive  of  Linum,  which 
see. 

Li'ni  Fa-ri'na.*  (“Meal  of  Flax- 
seed,” or  “Flaxseed  Meal.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  meal  of 
the  seeds  of  Linum  usitatissimam , de- 
prived of  their  fixed  oil  by  expression : 
lintseed  meal.  It  has  been  placed  on 
the  primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica 
of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  I860. 

Li'iti  Se'men.*  (“Seed  of  Flax.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeia!  name  (Brit.  Ph.) 
for  flaxseed,  lintseed,  or  linseed. 

U'Bsi  Sem'i-na.*  (“  Seeds  of  Flax/’) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for 
the  seeds  of  Linum  vsitatissimum. 

Liaiictient.  See  Linimentum. 

Lin-I-men'Ia,*  the  plural  of  Lini- 
mentum, which  see. 

LiBi-l»mcKft'tuni9*  plural  Liit-t- 
men'ta.  [From  IV no,  to  “ anoint.”]  A 
thin  ointment : alin'iment. 

LiHinien'tKm  Am-BBio'ni-se.* 
(“Liniment  of  Ammonia.”)  Take  of  wa- 
ter of  ammonia,  a fluidounce ; olive  oil, 
two  troyounces.  Mix  them. 

UBBflmeBi'tium  Cal'cis.*  (“  Lini- 
ment of  Lime,”  or  “Lime  Liniment.”) 
Take  of  solution  of  lime,  eight  fluid- 
ounces;  flaxseed  oil,  seven  troyounces. 
Mix  them. 

Linimentum  Cam'pho-rse.* 

(“  Liniment  of  Camphor.”)  Take  of 
camphor,  three  troyounces;  olive  oil, 
twelve  troyounces.  Dissolve  the  cam- 
phor in  the  oil. 

Lmimen'tnm  Oan-tliar'i-clis.* 

(“  Liniment  of  Cantharides.”)  Take  of 
cantharides,  in  fine  powder,  atroyounce; 
oil  of  turpentine,  half  a pint.  Digest 
the  cantharides  with  the  oil  for  three 
301 


LIN 


LIQ 


hours  in  a close  vessel,  by  means  of  a 
water-bath,  and  strain. 

Liuimen'tum  Clilo-ro-for'mi.'* 
(“  Liniment  of  Chloroform. ”)  Take  of 
purified  chloroform,  three  troyounces ; 
olive  oil,  four  troyounces.  Mix  them. 

Liniinen  turn  Sa-po'nis.*  (“  Lini- 
ment of  Soap,”  or  “Soap  Liniment.”) 
Tinctura  Saponis  Camphor  at  a , Pharm., 
1850.  Take  of  soap,  in  shavings,  four 
troyounces;  camphor,  two  troyounces; 
oil  of  rosemary,  half  a fluidounce  ; water, 
four  fluidounces;  alcohol,  two  pints.  Mix 
the  alcohol  and  water,  dige  t the  soap 
with  the  mixture  by  means  of  a water- 
bath  until  it  is  dissolved  ; then  filter,  and, 
having  added  the  camphor  and  oil,  mix 
the  whole  thoroughly  together. 

Liu  i ail  on ' t urn  Ter-e-  bin ' tSii-nae.* 
(“Liniment  of  Turpentine.”)  Take  of 
resin  cerate,  twelve  troyounces ; oil  of 
turpentine,  half  a pint.  Add  the  oil  to 
the  cerate  previously  melted,  and  mix 
them. 

Liu-nse'an.  Belonging  to  Linnaeus, 
the  naturalist.  In  Botany,  the  Linnaean, 
or  sexual,  system,  is  founded  on  the 
number  of  stamens  which  determines 
the  primary  divisions,  or  Classes;  the 
subdivisions,  or  Orders,  generally  depend 
on  the  number  of  pistils.  The  term  is 
applied  in  a more  general  sense  to  a 
system  of  arranging  the  productions  of 
the  animal, -vegetable,  and  mineral  king- 
doms laid  down  by  Linnaeus. 

Lin-o-sper'mum.*  [From  Vivov, 
“flax,”  and  cneppa,  “seed.”]  Linseed, 
or  lintseed,  afforded  by  the  Linum  usita- 
tis8imum.  See  Lini  Semen. 

Linseed.  See  Lintseed. 

Lint.  [Lin 'ten in  ; from  li'num , 
“flax.”]  (Fr.  Char  pie,  shait'p<P.)  A 
soft  material  made  by  scraping  old  linen 
cloth,  and  used  as  a dressing  in  all  cases 
of  wounds,  ulcers,  etc. 

Lin-te-i-for'mis.*  [From  lin'teum , 
“lint.”]  Having  the  appearance  or  tex- 
ture of  lint : lin'teiform. 

Uni 'need.  The  seeds  of  Linum  usi- 
tatissimum.  See  Lini  Semen,  or  Lini 
Semina. 

Li'num,*  gen.  Li'ni.  [From  Vivov, 
“flax.”]  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Pentandria,  natural  order  Linacese.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopoeia!  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  seed  of  the  Li'num  vsitatis'  si  mum. 

Iii  it  n in  t a-t liar  ti-en in. i:  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  of  the 
purging  flax. 

Lip.  (Fr.  LZvre,  leva  or  1&vr.)  See 
Labium,  and  Labrum. 

302 


Lip'a-ro-cele.*  [From  Vnapog,  “fat,” 
and  KriXri,  a “ tumor.”]  A fatty  tumor  in 
the  scrotum. 

Lip-a-ro'des.*  [From  \map6g,  “fat,” 
or  “obese.”]  Full  of  fat;  obese. 

Lip-a-ro-dysp-noe'a.*  [From  Vna- 
po$,  “ fat,”  and  dvomoia,  “ difficult  breath- 
ing.”] Dyspnoea  caused  by  obesity. 

Lip-a-ro-i'des.*  [From  \map6g,  “ fat,” 
or  “obese,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling fat. 

Lip-a-rom'plta-lus.*  [From  Vnapcg, 
“fat,”  and  opupaXog,  the  “navel.”]  A 
fatty  tumor  at  the  umbilicus. 

Lip-a-ro-scir'rhus.*  [From  Xnrn- 
pog,  “fat,” and  cKifpog,  “incipient  cancer.”] 
A fatty,  scirrhous  tumor. 

LipoceSe.  See  Liparocele. 

Li-poma,i:  plural  Ll-poivi'a-ta. 
[From  Xinug,  “fat.”]  A species  of  fatty 
tumor. 

Li-pom-a-to'cles.*  [From  lipo'ma , 
a “fatty  tunn  r.”]  Resembling  lipoma; 
conjoined  with  lipoma. 

Li-povn-a-to-i'cles.*  [From  lipo'vw , 
a “fatty  tumor,”  and  ddog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  lipoma:  lipom'atoid. 

Lipcinpfiialus.  See  Liparompha- 
lus. 

Lip-o-seir'rtius.*  [From  Vinos,  “ fat,” 
and  oKifpog,  “incipient  cancer.”]  The 
same  as  Liparoscirrhus,  which  see. 

Li-po'sis.*  [From  Vinos,  “ fat.”]  The 
progressive  accumulation  of  fat. 

Lip-o-sphyx  i-a.*  [From  Xeinw,  to 
“fail,”  and  o6v£ig,  the  “pulse.”]  Ab- 
sence, or  cessation,  of  the  pulse. 

Lipotfitymia.  See  Leipothymia. 

Lip'pi-tude.  [Lippiiu  <lo,  iliuis  ; 
from  Up'pu8,  “blear-eyed.”]  A raw, 
tumid  state  of  the  margin  of  the  eyelids, 
from  which  a puriform  humor  exudes. 

Liq.  = Li'quor .*  See  Liquor. 

Liquatio  (le-qua'she-o),o'm#.*  [From 
li'quo,  liqua'tum , to  “melt.”]  Strictly, 
the  same  as  Fusion  ; also,  Liquefaction. 

Liq-uc-la  cienfs.  [From  liquefa'cio, 
to  “ melt.”]  Agents  which  augment  the 
secretions,  arrest  the  solidifying,  and 
promote  the  liquefying  processes  of  the 
animal  economy. 

Liq-ue-fac'tion.  [Liquefac'tio, 

o 'nis  ; from  liquefa'cio,  liquefac’ turn , to 
“ make  liquid.”]  The  conversion  of  a 
solid  into  a liquid. 

Liqueur  (Fr.),  l£'kiTR\  A spirituous 
liquor  composed  of  water,  aleol  ol,  sugar, 
and  some  aromatic  infusion  extracted 
from  fruits,  seeds,  etc. 

Liquid.  [Liquidum ; from  liq'- 
uidus,  “liquid,”  “moist.”]  Any  mb- 


LIT 


LIQ 

stance,  not  aeriform,  which  is  fluid,  like 
water. 

Liq-uid-am'bar.*  [From  liq'uidus, 
“ liquid,”  and  and  her ; so  called  because 
the  tree  yields  on  incision  a fluid,  amber- 
like substance.]  A genus  of  plants, 
several  species  of  which  afford  a fragrant 
resin,  called  storax. 

Liquiritia,*  lik-we-rish'e-a.  Liq- 
uorice. See  Glycyrrhiza. 

Li  quor,5  gen.  Li-quo'ris,  nomina- 
tive plural  Li-quo're&.  [From  li'yueo, 
to  “ become  liquid.”  (Fr.  Liqueur,  1&'- 
kuR'.)  A term  applied  to  many  liquids, 
particularly  those  composed  chiefly  of 
water,  or  of  alcohol.  As  a Pharmaco- 
poeial  term  it  signifies  “ solution.” 

Liquor  Altunin  is  ( ompositus. 
See  Bates's  Alum- Water. 

Li'quor  Ain-aaio'ni-se.*  (“  Liquor 
of  Ammonia.”)  A solution  of  amrno- 
niacal  gas  in  water;  otherwise  called 
Aqua  Ammonise  (“Water  of  Ammonia”). 

Liquor  Aanuioniac  Acetatis.  See 
Mindereri  Spiritus. 

Li  quor  Aau'ui-i.*  (“Liquor  of  the 
Amnion.”)  The  watery  fluid  in  which 
the  foetus  is  suspended.  See  Amnion. 

Li'quor  Ar-sen-i-ca'lis.*  (“Ar- 
senical Liquor.”)  A Pharmacopceial 
preparation,  also  called  Fowler’s  Solution , 
and  Tasteless  Ague  Drop , consisting  of 
arseniate  of  potash  dissolved  in  water, 
and  flavored  and  colored  by  spirit  of 
lavender.  This  has  been  recommended 
as  a remedy  in  intcrmittents,  and  has 
been  found  very  useful  in  lepra  and 
other  inveterate  cutaneous  affections. 

Li'quor  Cftl'cis,*  otherwise  called 
A'qna  Cal'cis.*  (“Water  of  Lime,” 
or  “Lime-Water.”)  A saturated  solu- 
tion of  lime  in  water.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  pouring  upon  some  freshly 
slacked  lime  a quantity  of  pure  water. 
In  a few  hours,  the  solution  will  become 
clear  by  the  settling  of  such  particles  of 
lime  as  are  not  dissolved  by  the  water. 
The  solution,  with  the  undissolved  lime, 
should  be  kept  in  a well-stopped  bottle ; 
pour  off  the  clear  liquid  as  it  is  wanted 
for  use.  The  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  directs 
the  preparation  to  be  made  in  the  pro- 
portion of  four  ounces  of  lime  to  eight 
pints  of  water.  But  if  the  lime  be  in 
excess,  no  disadvantage  can  result;  the 
superfluous  portion  will,  in  that  case, 
simply  remain  undissolved. 

Lime-water  is  antacid,  tonic,  and  as- 
tringent. Mixed  with  an  equal  quantity 
/f  milk,  which  completely  covers  its  of- 
fensive taste,  it  often  proves  an  excel- 


lent remedy  for  nausea  and  vomiting 
dependent  on  irritability  of  the  stomach. 
It  may  be  employed  with  great  advan- 
tage in  dyspepsia  accompanied  with 
acidity  of  the  stomach,  as  well  as 
some  forms  of  diarrhoea,  and  in  calcu- 
lous affections  attended  with  a super- 
abundant secretion  of  uric  acid.  Exter- 
nally, it  is  often  used  as  a wash  in  por- 
vigo  and  similar  affections,  and  as  an 
application  to  foul  ulcers. 

Liquor  Morgagni.  See  Morgagni, 
Liquor. 

Li'quor  Po-tas'sae  Ar-se-ui'tis.* 

(“Liquor  of  the  Arsenite  of  Potash.”)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  and  Bub. 
Ph.)  for  the  Liquor  Arsenicalis,  which 
see. 

Li'quor  San'gui-nis.*'  (“Liquor 
of  the  Blood.”)  The  colorless  fluid 
which  holds  the  globules  of  the  blood 
in  suspension  during  life. 

Li'quor  Sil'i-cum.*  (“Liquor  of 
Flints.”)  See  Glass,  Soluble. 

Li-quo'res,*  the  plural  of  Liquor, 
which  see. 

Liquorice,  lik'or-iss.  [Liquiritia.] 

See  Glycyrrhiza. 

Lir-I-o-<ICu'<Irou.*  [From  \dpiou,  a 
“lily,”  a “ tulip”  (?)  and  dhtpov,  a “tree.”] 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Poli/an- 
clria,  natural  order  Magnoliacese.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  bark  of  Liriodeu' dron  tulipif  era. 

Lcsjping.  A species  of  psellismus,  or 
defective  enunciation,  commonly  called 
speaking  through  the  teeth,  and  pro- 
duced by  an  abnormal  length  of  tongue, 
cr  by  affectation. 

LitBia-gogue.  [Lithagogns; 

from  XiQoq,  a “stone,”  and  ayw,  to  “carry 
off,”  to  “expel.”]  Having  power  to  ex- 
pel calculi  from  the  bladder  or  kidneys. 

LitBa  arge.  [Litliar'gyrum,  Litli- 
ar'gyrus:  from  XQog,  a “stone,”  and 
apyrpog,  “silver;”  so  named  from  its 
being  obtained  from  an  ore  (or  stone) 
containing  lead  and  silver.]  An  oxide 
of  lead  imperfectly  vitrified. 

Lith'ate.  [Li'ttias,  atis.]  A com- 
bination of  lithic  acid  with  a base. 
See  Urate. 

LitBi-ec'ia-sy.  [Littiecta'sia ; from 
A '0o?,  a “stone,”  and  ctfmVco,  to  “extend.”] 
The  operation  of  removing  calculi  of 
moderate  size  through  the  urethra,  by 
first  extending  or  dilating  it. 

Litii'i-a.*  [From  A idog,  a “stone.”] 
The  protoxide  of  lithium,  an  alkali  dis- 
covered in  1818. 

LitBi'ia.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
303 


LIT 


LIT 


name  of  a genus  in  Dr.  Good’s  Nosol- 
ogy, comprising  the  different  species  of 
urinary  calculus.  See  Lithiasis. 

IAtli'i-ae  Car-bo' Bias.*  (“  Carbon- 
ate of  Lithia.”)  A white  powder  spar- 
ingly soluble  in  water,  and  having  a 
feeble  alkaline  reaction.  It  has  been 
placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Mate- 
ria Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia 
for  1860.  It  is  recommended  as  a rem- 
edy in  calculous  diseases. 

JLi-thi'a-sis.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
formation  of  stone,  or  urinary  calculus. 
Also,  a disease  of  the  eyelids,  in  which 
small  hard  tumors  grow  upon  their  mar- 
gins. 

Lith'ic.  [ILith'icus ; from  the  same.] 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  calculi 
and  urine.  See  Uric. 

Iiith'ii-ca.'*  [From  the  same.]  Medi- 
cines which  counteract  the  predisposition 
to  the  formation  of  calculous  concretions 
in  the  urinary  organs. 

lAthi-uan.*  The  metallic  base  of 
lithia. 

ILitli-o-£e-3i©'sis.*  [From  \i0o;,  a 
“ stone,”  and  tdvuais,  an  “ evacuation.”] 
The  removal  or  extraction  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a calculus  broken  in  the  opera- 
tion of  lithotrity. 

ILitli-o-^e-iiot'i-cus.*  Belonging  to 

litkoceno8i8. 

Siitli'o-clast,  or  Utli'o-claste. 

[From  Xidog,  a “ stone/’  and  KXaordcd,  to 
“ break.”]  An  instrument  introduced 
through  the  urethra  for  the  purpose  of 
reducing  calculi  to  small  fragments  in 
the  bladder. 

ILitli-o-dec-ta'sI-a.*  [From  \i0o;,  a 
“ stone,”  odd;,  a “passage,”  or  “way,” 
and  cKTacrig,  an  “extension.”]  The  same 
as  Lithectasy,  which  see. 

Li-tho'dSs.*  [From  XiQo ;,  a “stone.”] 
Full  of  calculi;  of  the  nature  of  calculi. 

Litli-o-di-a'li-a,*  or  JLith-o-di-al'- 
y-sis.*  [From  Xi9u;,  a “stone,”  and 
6ia\v(x),  to  “ dissolve.”]  A dissolving  of 
stone  or  calculus  in  the  bladder. 

Lit h-o-dy  sp-  bi oe 'a.*  [From  \i9og,  a 
“ stone,”  and  dvoni/oia,  “ difficult  breath- 
ing.”] Calculous  dyspnoea,  or  difficult 
breathing  caused  by  calcareous  concre- 
tions in  the  lungs  or  other  air-passages. 

Lith«ecius,'i:  lith-e'she-us.  [From 
\t0os,  a “ stone,”  and  oiko a “ habita- 
tion.”] Growing  upon  stones. 

lAtli-o-fel-li'nus.*  [From  Xtflo a 
“stone,”  and fel , the  “bile.”]  Pertain- 
ing to  a gall-stone  or  biliary  calculus. 
See  CnoLOMTHic. 

L.itl>-©-geii'e-sy.  [JLUBiogeiie'sia ; 

304 


from  XiOog,  a “stone,”  and  yivtaig,  “gene- 
ration.”] The  science  which  treats  of 
the  origin  and  formation  of  minerals. 

lA-tliog-'ra-ptny.  [Lithogra'pSiia : 

from  XOog,  a “stone,”  and  ypu-pco,  to  “en- 
grave,” or  to  “write.”]  Engraving  on 
stone.  The  art  by  which  impressions  or 
prints  are  obtained  from  drawings  made 
on  calcareous  stone. 

ILitBi'oid.  [JLi£&i©i'des ; from  \i0og, 
a “stone,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling stone. 

]Li-tii©l'©-gy*  [EAtli©lo'g’ia;  from 

\l0os,  a “stone,”  andAoyoj,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  stones ; the  science  which 
treats  of  the  nature  or  properties  of 
stones,  or  of  calculi. 

IAtifo-©-ane'tra.**  [From  XOog,  a 
“stone,”  and  pyj-pa,  the  “womb.”]  A 
term  for  ossification  of  the  uterus. 

ILiiihoiitrifDitic.  Sec  Lithotriptic. 

IA-t3i©ph  'I- 1 cbs.*  [From  X tOo;,  a 
“stone,”  and  0tX£ cu,  to  “love.”]  Growing 
upon  rocks  or  stony  places. 

JLit3i'©-pSayte.  [JLitfowipIh'ytoai; 
from  \idog,  a “stone,”  and  (bvrov , a 
“plant.”]  Certain  productions  having 
the  qualities  both  of  stone  and  plant,  as 
corals;  also,  Polypi  that  have  an  inte- 
rior stony  axis. 

IdtilB-©-sco'i>i-um.*  [From  XtOog,  a 
“stone,”  and  oKoneco,  to  “examine.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  size 
and  form  of  a calculus;  a lith'oscope. 

IAth-©-sper  bubis.*  [From  XOo;,  a 
“ stone,”  and  a^rippa,  a “ seed.”]  Having 
fruit  hard  and  like  stones : lithospermous. 

Li-th©t'©-Biiy.  [JLitiioto'mia; 

from  \idog,  a “ stone,”  and  repvo),  to 
“cut.”]  (Fr.  Taille,  tal.)  The  opera- 
tion of  cutting  into  the  bladder  to  with- 
draw a stone  or  calculus  : cystot'omy. 

]Lith-©-tB*e'SBS.*  [From  XOog,  a 
“ stone,”  and  Tprivtg,  a “ perforation.”] 
The  same,  nearly,  as  Lithotrity. 

]Litti'©-trip-sy.  [Litlifttrip'sia; 
from  \idog,  a “ stone,”  and  rptfio,  to  “ wear 
by  friction.”]  The  operation  of  rubbing 
down  calculi  in  the  bladder  by  means 
of  a lithotriptor. 

Lit li-o-t rip't i<*.  [Utti©trip'ticus ; 

from  the  same.]  Applied  to  medicines 
that  tend  to  counteract  the  formation  of 
calculi. 

fiiith-©-trip'tor,  o'r /*.#  [From  the 
same.]  An  instrument  for  crushing  cal- 
culi in  the  bladder  into  fragments  so 
minute  that  they  may  pass  the  urethra. 

IjI-I  li©t'ri-t©B%  ©'*•<#.*  [From  \i6og,  a 
“stone,”  and  te'ro,  tri'tum,  to  “rub,”  to 
“break.”]  The  same  as  Lithotriptor. 


LIT 


LOB 


IA-thot/ri-ty.  [From  the  same.] 
The  operation  of  breaking  a stone  or 
calculus  in  pieces  by  means  of  the  litho- 
clastc. 

Li4hox^-liim.$  [From  \idog , a 
“ stone,”  and  or,  “ wood/’]  Fossil,  or 
petrified,  wood. 

JLith-u-re'sis.*  [From  Xtflo?,  a 
“ stone, ” and  ovpou,  the  “ urine.”]  The 
passing  of  small  calculi  with  the  urine. 

LitlMi*ror-rlue'a.-  [From  Ai9o;,  a 
“ stone/’  ovpor,  the  “ urine,”  and  psu>,  to 
“flow.”]  Calculous  diabetes. 

Lit  inus,"  or  laiciiiiis.*  A test,  of 
a bluish  color,  obtained  from  the  Croton 
tinctorium  and  the  Lichen  roccella. 

Lit'mus  Pa'per  is  prepared  by  digest- 
ing powdered  litmus  in  water,  and  paint- 
ing with  it  white  paper  which  is  free 
from  alum. 

ILitra.  The  same  as  Libra. 

ILitre , l<Pter  or  letR.  A French 
measure,  equal  to  61.028  English  cubic 
inches,  or  0.22  of  an  imperial  gallon. 

ILit'to-ral.  [lAttora'lis;  from  lit’- 
tus,  lit'toris,  the  “ shore.”]  Applied  to 
plants  that  grow  on  the  banks  or  shores 
of  waters,  chiefly  of  rivers  and  lakes. 
Written  also  Litoral. 

ILiv'er.  [Lat.  Jc'cnr,  or  He'par; 
Gr.  r\rap  - Fr.  Foie,  fw&.]  The  gland 
whose  office  it  is  to  secrete  the  bile.  It 
is  situated  on  the  right  side  of  the  abdo- 
minal cavity,  immediately  below  the  dia- 
phragm, and  is  divided  into  three  lobes, 
the  right  lobe,  the  left  lobe,  and  the  in- 
ferior or  lesser  lobe,  also  called  the  Lobu- 
lus  Spigelii.  The  liver  is  the  largest 
gland  in  the  body. 

Liver,  Inflammation  of  the.  See 

Hepatitis. 

ILiver-Wort-  See  IIepatica. 

JLaver-Woa’t,  Iceland.  See  Ce- 

traria  Islandica. 

ILi'vor,  o'r/s.*  [From  li'veo,  to  “grow 
black  and  blue.”]  The  mark  of  a blow; 
lividness. 

Iiix,*  gen.  lii'cis.  Lye,  or  water  im- 
pregnated with  the  alkali  of  wood-ashes. 

Iax-iv'i-al.  [Idxivia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  a lixivium. 

ILix-iv'i-at-ecl.  [ Lixivia' tus;  from 
lixiv'ium,  “lye.”]  Having  undergone 
lixiviation. 

Ltx-iv'i-a'tion.  [ILixivia'ti©; 

from  lixiv'ium,  “ lye.”]  The  process  of 
dissolving  an  alkali  or  a salt  in  water 
or  other  fluid,  to  form  a lixivium. 

Lix-iv'i-um.:':  [From  lix,  “lye.”] 
A liquid  impregnated  with  an  alkali,  or 
a salt ; lye. 


Iaxiv'ium  fcap-o-na'ri-tim.*  The 

Liquor  potunnse,  or  solution  of  potash. 

Loadstone.  [Mag'nes.]  A specie? 
of  iron  ore  which  has  the  peculiar  pro- 
perties of  attracting  iron  and  of  turning 
towards  the  magnetic  pole  of  the  earth 
when  freely  suspended. 

Loasacese,*  lo-a-sa'she-e.  [From 
Loasa,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  herbaceous  plants, 
natives  of  America. 

Lo'bate.  [I.oba'tus;  from  lofbus,  a 
“lobe.”]  Lobed.  Having  lobes,  as  the 
lungs,  liver,  leaves,  tumors,  etc. 

Lobe.  [Lat.  Lo'bns;  Gr.  Mo?.] 
Applied  to  parts  of  certain  viscera,  more 
or  less  distinct  from  the  rest,  and  to  the 
lower  part  of  the  external  ear.  In  Bot- 
any, any  division,  or  projecting  part,  of 
an  organ,  especially  a rounded  one. 

Lobed.  Sec  Lobatus. 

Lo-be'li-a.*  [From  Lo’bel,  a bot- 
anist.] A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Monadelplna , natural  order  Lobeliacese. 
Also,  the  Pharmaeopoeial  name  ||  of  the 
herb  of  Lobelia  inf  at  a.  Lobelia  is  emetic, 
and  in  small  doses  diaphoretic  and  ex- 
pectorant. 

Lobe  lia  In-fla'ta.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  called  Indian  To- 
bacco. 

Lobeliaeeay*  lo-be-le-a'she-c.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  found 
in  many  warm  and  temperate  regions. 
It  includes  the  Lobelia  ivflata , a power- 
ful emetic,  and  several  poisonous  plants. 

Lo-be-li-a'eeons.  [Lobelia'ceus.] 
Resembling  the  lobelia. 

Lob'e-lin.  [Lobeli'na.]  The  active, 
volatile,  organic  base  obtained  from  Lo- 
belia infata,  by  macerating  the  herb  in 
alcohol,  previously  prepared  with  sul- 
phuric acid  and  powdered  caustic  lime. 

Lo-bi'o-lns.*  [Diminutive  of  lo'bus, 
a “lobe.”]  Applied  to  the  small  seg- 
ments at  the  edges  of  the  thallus  of 
lichens,  when  their  form  approaches  that 
of  leaves. 

Lob'n-Iar.  [Lobula'ris;  from 
lob’ ulus,  a “lobule.”]  Belonging  to  a 
lobule;  shaped  like  a lobe  or  lobule. 

Lob'u-late.  [From  the  same.]  Bear- 
ing or  having  small  lobes.  Applied  to 
leaves. 

L©b'n-li/fthe  plural  of  Lobulus. 

Lob'nSi  Tes'tis.*  (“  Lobules  of  the 
Testicle.”)  The  lobules  formed  by  the 
convolutions  of  the  tubuli  seminiferi  of 
the  testis. 

Lob'w-Ius,*  plural  Lob'u-li.  [Di- 
minutive of  lo’bus,  a “lobe.”]  A lob'ule. 

305 


LOB 


LOI 


Lob'u-lus  Ac-ces-so'ri-us,*  Lob'- 
ulus  A-non'y-imis,*  or  Lob'ulu§ 

Qwad-ra'tus.*  A small  lobe  on  the  un- 
der-surface of  the  liver,  forming  the  ante- 
rior point  of  the  right  lobe;  otherwise 
thac  space  of  the  great  lobe  between  the 
fossa  of  the  umbilical  vein  and  gall-blad- 
der, extending  to  the  anterior  margin. 

Lob'ulus  Cau-da'tus.*  A tail-like 
process  of  the  liver,  stretching  down- 
ward from  the  middle  of  the  great  right 
lobe  to  the  Lobnlus  Spigelii. 

Lob'ulus  Si*i-ge'll-i.*  (“ Lobule 
of  Spigelius.”)  The  inferior,  or  small- 
est, lobe  of  the  liver,  first  particularly 
described  by  Spigelius. 

Lo'ca,*  gen.  Lo-co'rnm,  the  plural 
of  Locus. 

Lo'cal.  [Loca'lis;  from  lo'cus,  a 
“ place.”]  Belonging  to  a place  or  part; 
limited  to  a particular  place.  See  Topical. 

Lo-ca'les.*  [Plural  of  loca'lis, 
“ local.”]  Local  diseases.  Applied  to  a 
class  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Lo-cel'late.  [From  locel'lus , a “ lit- 
tle cell.”]  Having  secondary  cells. 

Loch.  See  Linctus. 

Lo-clii'a,*  or  Lo'ciil-a,  o'rum* 
[Hr.  \o\zia  or  from  Ao\;6s,  a “ lying 

in,”  or  “ confinement,”  also  the  discharge 
after  childbirth.]  (Fr.  Suites  de  Coaches , 
sw6t  deh  koosh.)  The  serous  discharge 
from  the  uterus  and  vagina  after  de- 
livery; the  cleansings. 

Lo-cli  I-op ' y-ra.*  [From  \o\etog, 
“pertaining  to  childbed,”  and  n up,  a 
“ fever.”]  Puerperal  or  childbed  fever. 

Lo-clii-or-rlia'gi-a.*  [From  A o\eia, 
or  A 6\ia,  the  discharge  after  childbirth, 
and  prjyi/v/xi,  to  “ burst  forth.”]  An  ex- 
cessive flow  of  the  lochia. 

Lo-clii-or-rlice'a.*  [From  A o\ua, 
or  AdX'a,  “childbirth,”  the  “lochia,”  and 
pzw,  to  “flow.”]  A more  than  natural  dis- 
charge of  the  lochia. 

lo-chl-os'che-sis.^  [From  A o\zXa, 
“childbirth,”  and  axevig,  “holding,”  or 
“retention.”]  Retention  or  stoppage  of 
the  lochia. 

Loch-o-cac-o-c  t>l ' pl-a. * [ F ro  m 

A o\6g,  “confinement,”  k<ik6$,  “evil,”  and 
Kd\ro;,  a “ sinus.”]  Puerperal  putridity 
or  disease  of  the  vulva. 

Locli-o-do-elii'iim.*  [From  A o\6g, 
“confinement,”  and  lo\rXoj,  a “recepta- 
cle.”] A lying-in  hospital. 

Lodi-o-me-trl'tis,  id  is.*  [From 

A o\6g,  “ confinement,”  and  metri'tis,  “in- 
flammation of  the  womb.”]  Puerperal 
metritis. 

Loch-o-i>€r-¥-to-iii'tis,  Idit,* 

306 


Loch-o-2»£r-i-to-ue-i'tis.*  [From  A o- 

\og , “confinement,”  and  jjeritoni'tis.]  In- 
flammation of  the  peritonaeum  in  childbed. 

Lo-ehop  [From  A a\og,  “con- 

finement,” and  nip,  a “fever.”]  Puer- 
peral fever. 

Locli-o-ty'plms.*  [From  A o\og, 
“confinement,”  and  rvcpog,  “stupor.”] 
Contagious  puerperal  fever;  puerperal 
typhus. 

Lo'$i,*  gen.  Lo-co'rum,  the  plural 
of  Locus,  which  see. 

Lock  Mos'pi-tal.  A general  name, 
in  Great  Britain,  for  a hospital  for  the 
treatment  of  venereal  diseases. 

Locked  Jaw.  See  Tetanus. 

Lo-eo-nao'tion.  [Locomo'tio, 
o'nis;  from  lo'cus,  a “place,”  and  mo'veo , 
mo' turn,  to  “move.”]  The  act  or  power 
of  moving  from  place  to  place. 

Loc'u-la-ment.  [Loculamen'- 
tum;  from  loc'ulus,  a “cell,”  “box,”  or 
“case.”]  A cell  of  an  ovary. 

Loc-u-lam-eii-to'sus.*  [From  locn- 
lamen'tum.]  Having  loculaments,  or  cells. 

Loc'u-lar.  [Locula'ris;  from  loc'- 
idas,  a “box,”  or  “case.”]  Divided  into 
cells  or  cavities;  pertaining  to  a cell. 

Loc-u-la'tus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  loculi : loculate. 

Loc'u-li,*  the  plural  of  Loculus. 

Loc-u-H-ci  'dal.  [Loculici'dus ; 
from  loc'ulus,  a “cell,”  or  “box,”  and 
cse'do,  to  “cut,”  to  “cut  through.”] 
Opening  or  breaking  directly  into  the 
back  of  a cell. 

Loc'u-lus,*  plural  Loc'u-li.  [Dimi- 
nutive of  lo'cus,  a “place.”]  Alocule:  a 
name  for  a cell  of  the  ovary  (or  anther)  of 
a plant;  also  applied  to  any  small  cavity. 

Lo'cus,*  gen.  Lo'^i,  plural  Lo'ci  and 
Lo'ca.  A place;  a topic. 

Lo'cus  Ni'ger.*  (“Black  Place.”) 
A quantity  of  dark-colored  matter  in  the 
centre  of  the  Crura  cerebri,  or  limbs  of 
the  brain. 

Lo-cus'ta.*  A spikelet  or  flower- 
cluster  of  grasses. 

Loemia.  See  Loimia. 

Loemology.  See  Loimology. 

Log' wood.  The  wood  of  the  Hsema- 
tox'ylon  Campechia'n u in . 

Lo'Biocli.  The  same  as  Looch.  See 
Eclegma. 

Loi'ml-a.*  [From  \oip6g , the  “plague.”] 
The  plague,  or  other  epidemic  disease. 

Loi'mic.  [Loi'niicus;  from  the 
same.]  Belonging  to  the  plague,  or  to 
epidemic  disease. 

Loi-mo'dc&.*  [From  the  same.] 
Like  the  plague;  pestilential. 


or 


LOI 


LOR 


Loi-mog'ra-phy.  [Loimogra'- 
pliia;  from  \oip6g,  the  “plague/"  and 
ypdtj) w,  to  “write."’]  A description,  or 
history,  of  the  plague. 

Loi-mo-i'des.*  [From  A oipog,  the 
“ plague,""  and  eidog,  a “ form.""]  Resem- 
bling the pestis,  or  plague:  loi'moid. 

Loi-mol'o-gy.  [Loimolo'gia; 
from  A oipog,  the  “plague,""  and  Aoyoj,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  plague; 
the  science  of  the  plague  or  pestilential 
diseases. 

IiOi-moph>thiil'nii-a/'  [From  A m- 
1*6$,  the  “plague,""  and  ophthal'mia. ] 
Contagious  ophthalmia. 

Loi-mop'y-ra.^  [From  \oip6g,  the 
“plague,""  and  nvp,  a “fever.""]  Pesti- 
lential fever. 

Loins.  See  Lumbi. 

Loin-a-to-car  pus.*  [From  A upa,  a 
“fringe/"  or  “border/"  and  Kap-nog, 
“fruit."’]  Having  flattened  fruit  with  a 
thick  border. 

liOin-a-to-ph.y l [From  A tipa, 

a “fringe/"  or  “border,”  and  (j)vX\ou,  a 
“leaf."’]  Having  the  borders  of  the  leaf 
different  from  the  rest:  lomatophyl'lous. 

Lonabes,  I6i\ib.  The  French  term  for 
“loins.”  See  Lumbi. 

Lontent.  [Lomentmn.]  A 
jointed  legume  or  pod,  resembling  a 
legume  divided  transversely  into  two  or 
more  joints. 

Lo*men4a'ceous.  [Lomenta'- 
ceus.]  Bearing  or  resembling  a loment. 

Lon-clio-phyl'lus.*  [From  A 6y\n, 
a “lance,”  and  <1 IvWou , a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing very  long  leaves,  linear  and  slightly 
lanceolated. 

Lon-gev'I-t^.  [From  lon'gus , 
“long,”  and  ad  mini,  “age.”]  The  pro- 
longation of  life  to  an  advanced  period. 

Lon-gi-brac-te-a'tus.*  [From  lon'- 
gus, “long,”  and  brae' tea,  a “floral  leaf.”] 
Having  long  bracts. 

IiOai-^i-car'pus.;:  [From  lon'gus, 

“long,”  and  Kapixog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
very  long  fruit. 

Lon-gi-cau-da'tus,*  or  Lon-gi- 
cau'dtis.*  [From  lon'gus,  “long,”  and 
can' da,  a “tail.""]  Having  a long  tail. 

Lon-gi-cau'lis.*  [From  lon'gus, 
“long/"  and  cau'lis,  a “stem.”]  Hav- 
ing a long  stem. 

Lon-gi-collis.*  [From  lon'gus, 
“long,”  and  col' him , a “neck.”]  Ap- 
plied to  mosses  that  have  urns  in  the 
form  of  a very  elongated  pear. 

Longing.  The  peculiar,  and  often 
capricious,  desires  of  females  during 
pregnancy. 


Lon-gi-peii'nes,;;:  or  Lon-gi-pen'« 
nates.  [From  lon'gus,  “long,”  and  pen' - 
na,  a “wing.”]  A family  of  swimming 
birds,  comprising  those  in  which  the 
wings  reach  as  far  as,  or  beyond,  the  tail ; 
as  the  tropic  bird,  the  albatross,  etc. 
They  are  all  denizens  of  the  high  seas; 
and,  from  their  powers  of  flight,  are  met 
with  in  various  latitudes. 

Lon-gis'si-mus.*  [Superlative  de- 
gree of  lon'gus,  “long.”]  The  longest. 
Applied  as  a name  to  certain  muscles. 

Longis'simus  Dorsi.*  (“  The  Longest 
[Muscle]  of  the  Back.”)  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  and 
is  attached  to  the  transverse  processes  of 
all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vertebrae;  it 
serves  to  keep  the  body  in  an  erect  pos- 
ture. 

Longis'simus  Oc'uli.*  (“The  Long- 
est [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”)  Another  name 
for  the  obliquus  superior. 

Lon'gl-tudc.  [Longitu'do,  d inis; 
from  lon'gus , “ long.’"]  Originally, 

“length.”  The  longitude  of  a heavenly 
body  is  its  distance  from  the  vernal 
equinox,  reckoned  on  the  ecliptic.  The 
longitude  of  a place  on  the  earth  is  the 
number  of  degrees,  minutes,  etc.,  mea- 
sured on  a parallel  of  latitude  between 
the  place  and  some  conventional  fixed 
meridian,  as  Greenwich,  Paris,  Washing- 
ton, etc.,  from  which  the  measurements  are 
made  east  and  west  to  the  180th  degree. 

Lon-gi-tu  di-nal.  [Longitudi- 
na'lis;  from  longitu'do,  “length,”  or 
“longitude.”]  Belonging  to  longitude, 
or  length. 

Longitu'dinal  Si  nus.  A triangu- 
lar canal  within  the  skull,  along  the 
upper  margin  of  the  Falx  cerebri. 

Longitu'dinal  Si  nus,  In-fe'ri-or. 

A vein  running  along  the  lower  margin 
of  the  Falx  cerebri. 

Lon-go-pliyl'lus.*  [Frcm  lon'gus, 
“long,”  and  ipvWov,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
very  long  leaves. 

Longsightedness.  See  Presbyopia. 

Lon'gus.*  A Latin  word  signifying 
“long.”  See  next  article. 

Lon'gus  Col  li.*  (“  The  Long  [Mus- 
cle] of  the  Neck :"’  Fr.  Long  du  Con, 
16ng  dii  koo.)  A long  muscle  at  the 
back  of  the  oesophagus:  it  supports  and 
bends  the  neck. 

Loocii,  lok.  A French  term  for 
Eclegma,  which  see. 

Lo'ra.*  [From  lo'rum,  a “leathern 
thong.”]  Applied  to  the  caulescent  and 
aphyllous  part  of  filamentous  lichens 
and  Confervas. 


307 


LOR 


LUM 


liOranthaceae,*  lo-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From  Loran'thus , one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  parasitical 
plants,  mostly  found  in  the  equinoctial 
regions  of  Asia  and  America.  It  in- 
cludes the  Mistletoe  of  the  Oak  ( Vi  a cum 
album),  well  known  in  connection  with 
the  Druidical  religion. 

JLor-clo'ma,  a tis*  [From  \opdooj,  to 
“bend  forwards  or  inwards.”]  A pro- 
jection or  protuberance  forwards,  the 
product  or  effect  of  lordosis. 

IL.or-tlo'sis.*  [From  the  same.]  An 
incurvation  forwards;  recurvation. 

Lo-ri'ca.*  Literally,  a “coat of  mail.” 
A kind  of  lute  with  which  vessels  are 
coated  before  they  are  put  on  the  fire. 

ILor'i-cate.  [ILorica'tais ; from 
lari' ca , a “coat  of  mail.”]  Having  a 
coat  of  mail ; mailed.  Applied  to  certain 
plants  and  insects. 

IiOr-I-ca'tion.  [ILorica'tio,  © 'nis  ; 
from  the  same.]  Application  of  a lute 
of  clay,  or  other  substance,  to  vessels 
exposed  to  the  fire. 

Lor-I-fo'li  -His.*  [From  lofrum , a 
“leathern  thong,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  long  leaves,  like  thongs. 

ILor'M-Iiiam.*  [Diminutive  of  lo'rum , 
a “leathern  thong.”]  Applied  to  the 
thallus  of  filamentous  or  ramose  lichens. 

Lot.  = Lo’tio .*  “A  lotion.” 

Lo'tion.  [Lo'ti©,  to'nis;  from  la'vo, 
lava' turn  or  lo'tum , to  “wash.”]  A medi- 
cated fluid  used  as  an  external  application 
to  a wound,  bruise,  sore,  or  swelling. 

Lo'vi’s  Beads.  Specific  Gravity 
Beads.  Hollow  globes  of  glass,  each  of 
which  is  a small  hydrometer,  sinking  or 
rising,  according  as  the  liquid  in  which 
they  are  placed  is  lighter  or  heavier  than 
the  standard.  They  are  useful  in  making 
test-acids. 

Low  Spir'its.  See  Alusia,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

Lo-we'ri  Tw-lber'cii-liim.*  (“Tu- 
bercle of  Lower.”)  A thickening  of  the 
lining  membrane  on  the  posterior  wall 
of  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart. 

Lox'ji  Band*.  The  Cinchona  pallida, 
or  pale  Peruvian  bark. 

Lox-aai-tbe'rtns.*  [From  Xopk, 
“ oblique,”  and  avOnpog,  an  “anther.”] 
Having  oblique  anthers. 

Lox-ar'lSinnn^ 
Lox-ar'tJirus.*  [From  Xofa,  “ oblique,” 
and  apOpov,  a “joint.”]  The  abnormal  di- 
rection of  a joint,  caused  neither  by 
spasm  nor  luxation,  as  in  the  varieties  of 
Talipes , or  club-foot. 

li©x'I-a.*  [From  Aop5>*,  “oblique.”] 
308 


Wry-neck,  a distortion  of  the  head 
towards  one  side. 

L©x-©-$y.e'sis.*  [From  Ao£d$,  “ob- 
lique,” and  K\)r}(ns,  “pregnancy.”]  An 
oblique  position  of  the  gravid  uterus. 

]Lox.opli-tlial'mos,i:  or  JLox-ojdi- 
ttaal'Bims.*  [From  Ao£oj,  “oblique,” 
and  opOaXfxos,  an  “eye.”]  Having  oblique 
or  squinting  eyes. 

Lox-ot'o-me,*  liox-o-toini-a.- 

[From  Aopk,  “oblique,”  and  rep’oj,  to 
“cut.”]  An  oblique  section  or  cutting  : 
applied  to  a peculiar  method  of  amputa- 
tion: loxot'omy. 

IiU  bri-cat-ing.  [Lu'bricans; 

from  lu'brico , lubrica'tum,  to  “make 
slippery.”]  Literally,  “making  slip- 
pery,” or  making  smooth.  Applied  to 
medicines  which  by  their  lubricating 
effects  soothe  irritation  in  the  throat, 
fauces,  etc.  Also  an  epithet  of  the  syno- 
vial fluid. 

La-bris'i-ty.  [Lrabris'itas,  n't  is; 

from  the  same.]  The  quality  of  slipperi- 
ncss,  or  of  lubricating. 

Lu'cid  In'ter-val.  An  interval  be- 
tween the  paroxysms  of  insanity,  during 
which  the  mind  is  clear,  and  the  patient 
capable  of  judging  like  other  men. 

Lii-cif'w-g'MS.*  [From  lux,  lu'cis , 
“ light,”  and  fu’gio,  to  “ fly.”]  Shunning 
the  light : lucif 'ugous. 

Lai-ci-iioc'tis.*  [From  lux,  “light,” 
and  nox,  “night.”]  Applied  to  plants 
to  which  night  seems  like  day,  inas- 
much as  they  open  their  leaves  by  night 
and  shut  them  during  the  day. 

Lui'es.*  [From  \vw,  to  “ melt  away.”] 
A plague,  or  pestilence. 

Lu'es  Ve-ne're-a.*  (“Venereal 
Plague.”)  The  true  venereal  disease. 
See  Syphilis. 

Lm'jgol’s'  So-lu'tions.  Preparations 
of  iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  of 
various  strengths,  employed  as  caustics, 
rubefacient’s,  and  stimulants. 

ILjiirm-ba'g*©,  g'inis.%  [From  lund bus, 
the  “loins.”]  A rheumatic  affection  of 
the  muscles  about  the  loins. 

Laiambaliis.  Sec  Lumbar. 

Laim'bar.  [Lumba'ris;  from  him 
bus,  the  “loins.”]  Belonging  to  the 
loins. 

LaBBi'bar  Ab'scess.  An  abscess 
occurring  in  the  lumbar  region ; called 
also  Psoas  abscess. 

Liim'bi,**  gen.  Ltira-bo'rtiiri.  [The 
plural  of  LaiBia'bus.]  (Fr.  Lombes,  ltaib.) 
The  loins,  forming  the  posterior  wall  of 
the  abdomen,  between  the  base  of  the 
chest  and  the  pelvis,  and  comprising  por- 


LUM 


LYC 


tions  of  the  longissimus  dorsi,  the  latissi- 
mns  dor  si,  the  quadratic  lumborum,  and 
several  other  muscles. 

liiini'bri-cal.  [Lwmbrica'lis, 

plural  fLiinubrica'les;  from  lumbri'cus, 
the  “ earth-worm.”]  Resembling  the 
earth-worm. 

Eum-bri-ca'les.*  The  name  of  four 
muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot,  so  called 
from  their  resemblance  to  the  earth- 
worm. 

LuBubricodcs.  See  Lumbricotdes. 

liMim-brl-co-i'des.*  [From  lumbri’- 
cns,  the  “earth-worm,”  also  the  long 
round  worm  found  in  the  intestines, 
and  eifos,  a “form.”]  Resembling  the 
lumbricus ; lumbricoid. 

Lum-bri  cms.;;:  The  common  earth- 
worm ; also,  the  long  round  worm  found 
in  the  intestines  of  man. 

LuBHbri'cus  Ter-res'tris.*  The 
earth-worm. 

LuBnbus.  See  Lumbi. 

Lu'Bm-iBous.  [JLuflimiBBo'sus;  from 
In' men,  lu'  minis,  “light.”]  Emitting 
light;  shining;  full  of  light. 

Lu'na.*  (Fr.  Lune,  liin.)  The  moon; 
also  the  alchemical  name  of  silver. 

Lai'Eia-cy.  [From  lu’na,  the  “ moon ;” 
from  its  supposed  influence.]  Insanity, 
but  specially  that  in  which  there  are 
lucid  intervals.  See  Insanity. 

Lu'nar.  [LBiBna'ris;  from  lu'na, 
the  “moon,”  also  the  “goddess  Diana.”] 
Pertaining  to  the  moon,  and,  hence,  to 
silver  (of  which  the  moon  was  the  alche- 
mical symbol).  Applied  to  a bone  of 
the  carpus,  from  its  shape. 

liii'niar  Caws'lic.  The  nitrate  of 
silver  ( Nitras  argenti) : one  of  the  most 
convenient  and  useful  of  all  caustic  ap- 
plications. It  also  forms  the  principal 
ingredient  of  indelible  ink. 

Lu-Bnar-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  luna'ris, 
“lunar,”  and  /o' lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
orbicular  leaves. 

Lu'nate.  [Ltina'tus ; from  lu'na, 
the  “moon.”]  Crescent-shaped,  or  hav- 
ing the  form  of  a half-moon. 

Lu'ma-tic.  [Lunat.'icns;  from  lu'- 
na, the  “moon.”]  Pertaining  to,  or  af- 
fected with,  lunacy. 

Luaies,  liin.  [The  plural  of  lune, 
“moon,”  or  “month.”]  A French  term 
for  the  Menses,  which  see. 

LuiBgs.  [Lat.  Pul'mo,  Fr. 

Poumons,  poo'mbN6'.]  The  organs  of 
respiration,  occupying  the  thorax,  or 
chest. 

Lu'nu-lar,  or  Lu'nu-Iate.  [Lann> 
la  ris,  or  Lunula'tus ; from  lu'nula, 
27 


a “lunule.”]  Belonging  to  a little  half- 
moon, or  crescent. 

Lu'nule.  [Lunula;  diminutive  of 
lu’na,  the  “moon.”]  The  crescentic 
white  mark  near  the  root  of  the  nails  of 
certain  fingers. 

Lu'pi-a.*  [From  \vneo),  to  “molest”?] 
A malignant,  corroding,  and  fatal  ulcer. 
(See  Lupus.)  Sometimes  applied  to  a 
soft,  spongy,  fungous  tumor  in  the  knee 
and  elbow  joints;  also,  to  a species  of  wen. 
A genus  of  the  order  Tumores,  class  Lo- 
cales, of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Lu-pi-bbu'sbbs.*  [From  lupi’nus,  the 
“lupin.”]  Having  lupins:  lupinose. 
Applied  to  a disease  of  the  skin,  the  Por- 
rigo  lupinosa. 

Lu  pu-lin,  or  Lu'pu-llBie.  [Lupu- 
li  iia.J  A fine,  yellow  powder,  obtained 
from  the  hop,  or  floral  leaves  of  Humulus 
lupulus,  being  the  peculiar  principle  on 
which  its  virtues  depend. 

Lu-pu-li'na.*  Lupulin.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (TJ.S.  Ph.)  for  the  yel- 
low powder  attached  to  the  strobiles  of 
the  Humulus  lupulus. 

Lu'pu-lus.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  of  hops,  or  the  strobiles 
of  Humulus  lupulus. 

Lupus.  (A  “Wolf;”  so  named  from 
its  destructiveness.)  A corroding  disease 
like  cancer;  also,  the  disease  Noli  me 
tangere,  and  other  slow  tubercular  affec- 
tions, especially  about  the  face. 

Lu'pus  Ex'  e-dens. * (“Corroding 
Lupus.”)  The  same  as  Noli  me  Tan- 
gere. 

Lus'^I-tas,  a ’iis.%  [From  lus'eus , 
“blind  of  one  eye.”]  An  affection  in 
which  an  eye  is  turned  to  one  or  other 
side,  as  in  strabismus,  the  other  being 
unaffected. 

Eu'sus  Xa-tu'rje.*  Literally,  a 
“sport  or  freak  of  nature.”  Another 
term  for  a monstrosity,  or  Monster, 
which  see. 

Lute.  [From  lu’tum,  “clay;”  Fr.  Lut, 
lilt.]  A composition  for  closing  the  junc- 
tures of  vessels,  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
gas  or  vapor  in  distillation. 

Lux-a'tioiB.  [Luxa'tio,  o'nis;  from 
lux'o,  luxa'tum,  to  “dislocate.”]  A 
dislocation  of  a bone.  A genus  of  the 
order  Ectopise,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen's 
Nosology. 

Ey  -eain'tlBro-py.  [Lyeantliro'pia ; 

from  \vxo$,  a “wolf,”  and  avQpumo;,  a 
“man.”]  A species  of  insanity  in  which 
the  patient  believes  himself  to  be  a 
wolf. 

Ly-co-ma'ni-a.*  [From  X vkos,  a 
309 


LYC 


LYT 


“wolf/*  and  pavia,  “madness.”]  The 
same  as  Lycanthropy,  which  see. 

Iiyco3>odiacea?,^li-ko-po'de-a'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  cryptogamic,  moss- 
like plants,  which  abound  in  humid 
places  in  the  tropics.  It  includes  the 
Lycopodium,  a violent  cathartic. 

I^y-co-po'clI-uin.*  The  name  ap- 
plied to  the  sporules  of  the  Lycopodium 
clavatnm , and  of  other  species  of  Lyco- 
podium. It  has  been  placed  on  the 
primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of 
the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1860. 

lyc'o-pns.*  Bugle-weed.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
of  the  Ly copus  Virginicus. 

I.y-eo-rex'1-a.*  [From  \vKog,  a “wolf,” 
and  dpetig,  “hunger.”]  The  same  as  Bu- 
limia, which  see. 

l«ye.  [ILix,  U'cis.]  A solution  of 
the  alkaU  of  ashes  in  water. 

Lymph.  [Lym'pha ; from  Ni vp1>n, 
a goddess  presiding  over  fountains.] 
Primarily,  “ water.”  Applied  to  the 
colorless,  transparent  liquid  in  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

JLy  in'pSia-clen,  en  is*  [From  lym'pha, 
“lymph,”  and  a6i]v,  a “gland.”]  A lym- 
phatic gland. 

Lym-pEia^cle-iii'tis,  irtbV-  [From 
lym'phaden .]  Inflammation  of  a lym- 
phatic gland. 

Lym-phan-ge-itis^orLym-phan- 

gl-i'tis,  id  is.*  [From  hymphanyi'  on,  or 
lymphanye’on,  a “ lymphatic  vessel.”] 
Inflammation  of  a lymphatic  vessel. 

Lym-3»han-ge'oii.:;  The  same  as 
Lymphangion,  which  see. 

Ijym-pfiaii-£i-o-g;ra'pM-a.*  [From 
lymphangi' on,  a “ lymphatic  vessel,”  and 
ypaupcj,  to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
lymphatic  vessels. 

Lym-phan-gi-odo'gi-a.^  [From 

lymphangi' on,  a “lymphatic  vessel,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
lymphatic  vessels. 

Lyin-phan-gi'on/:  or  Xbym-pliaii- 
fc i'u ail.-  [From  lym'pha , “water,”  or 
“lymph,”  and  dyyeior,  a “vessel.”]  A 
term  for  a lymphatic  vessel. 

L.y  m-pliaii-g'B-o-to ' in  i-a.:-  [From 
lymphangi' on,  a “lymphatic  vessel,”  and 
Tcpvoj,  to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

Lym-phatic.  [Lymptiat'lcus ; 

from  lym'pha,  “ water,”  or  “ lymph.”]  Ap- 
plied to  vessels  conveying  lymph,  forming 
with  the  lacteal  vessels  the  absorbent  sys- 
tem of  the  animal  economy.  Applied  in 
Botany  to  analogous  vessels  containing 
sap  or  watery  juices,  slightly  elaborated. 

310 


lijTnphat'ic  Glands  (or  Gangli- 
ons). The  glands  of  the  absorbent  or 
lymphatic  system.  Also  called  Conglo- 
bate Glands. 

Lymphatic  Sys  tem.  [Syste'ma 
Lymphat’icuni.]  A collective  term, 
comprising  the  lymphatic  glands,  or 
ganglions,  and  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

Lymptiat'ics,  or  Lymphatic  Ves'- 
sels.  [Lymphangi'a,  or  Va'sa  Lym- 
pliat'ica.]  See  Lymphatic. 

Lym>pficii-te-ri'tis,  i dis*  [From 
lym'pha , “lymph,”  and  entcri' fas.]  Serous 
enteritis. 

Lym-phefi-rys'ma,  a xis.%  [From 
lym'pha , “lymph,”  and  cvpvwo,  to  “di- 
late.”] A morbid  dilatation  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

Ljfm>pho'sis.$  [From  lym'pha , 
“lymph.”]  A term  for  the  formation  or 
elaboration  of  lymph. 

Lymphotomia.  See  Lymphangio- 
tomia. 

Lyp-o-th y in ' 1 -a.  :-  [From  \vtttj,  “ sad- 
ness,” and  OvpLog,  the  “mind.”]  Mental 
grief,  or  affliction. 

Ly'ra.*  [Gr.  \vpa,  a “lyre.”]  An  ap- 
pearance on  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
F or  nix  cerebri,  like  the  strings  of  a harp ; 
also  termed  Corpus psalloides.  See  Psal- 
loides. 

Ly'rate.  [Lyra'tns;  from  ly'ra,  a 
“lyre.”]  Formed  like  a lyre. 

Lyr-i-for'mis.*  [From  ly'ra,  a 
“lyre.”]  Formed  like  a lyre,  as  the 
leaves  of  the  Arabis  lyriforma. 

Lys-i-ma'ctii-av*  the  plural  of  Lysi- 
mach'ia , forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Primu- 
LACEA3. 

Lys'sa.*  [Gr.  Xuaua,  “rage,”  or  “mad- 
ness.”] A term  for  rabies;  rage,  or  mad- 
ness. Usually  applied  to  Hydrophobia, 
which  see. 

Lys'si-cns.*  Belonging  .to  hydro- 
phobia : hydrophobic. 

Lys'sin.  [Lyssina;  from  lys'sa, 
“madness.”]  A term  for  the  zymotic 
principle  of  hydrophobia. 

Lys-so-i'(lieA.?'  [From  lys'sa,  “mad- 
ness,” and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
rabies,  rage,  or  madness. 

Lythracesc,*  lith-ra'shc-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants,  mostly 
herbaceous,  found  in  Europe,  America, 
etc.  It  includes  Ly'thrum  Safica'ria , 
which  yields  an  astringent  medicine. 

Lyt'ta.^  [From  A »rruw,  to  “ragc.”j 
A genus  of  insects. 

Lyt'Ui  Ves-l-Cfl^to'rl-a.*  The  blis- 
tering fly.  See  Cantharis. 


MAC 


MAD 


M. 


M.  = fifonip'nlus;*  a “handful;”  or, 
at  the  end  of  a formula,  fitis'ce ,*  mix  ;” 
also,  fifensu'rd ,*  “by  measure ;”  and 
filin' imum,*  a “ minim/’ 

Mac.  = fifa'cerur*  “ Macerate.’’ 

Mace.  A thin,  flat,  membranous  sub- 
stance which  envelops  the  nutmeg.  See 
Macis,  and  Nutmeg. 

Ma$-e-ra'tion.  [Macera'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  ma'cero , mar-era' turn,  to  “make  soft 
by  steeping.”]  The  process  of  steeping 
or  infusing  a substance  in  water,  with 
or  without  heat,  to  extract  its  virtues. 

Macies,*  ma'she-ez.  Wasting,  atro- 
phy, or  emaciation. 

Ma'cis.*  Mace.  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  aril  of  the  fruit 
of  the  filyris'  tica  fra' grans. 

Mac-ran'thus.*  [From  paxpog,  “ long,” 
or  “ great,”  and  drOo g,  a “ flower.”]  Hav- 
ing large  flowers. 

Mac-ro-bi-o'sis,*  cr  Mac-ro-bi-o'- 

tes,  e'tis.*  [From  paxpog,  “long,”  or 
“great,”  and  fi.og,  “life.”]  Long  life; 
longevity. 

Mac-ro-bi-ot'ic.  [Macrobiot'icns.] 

Belonging  to  macrobiosis. 

Mac-ro-ba-ot/i-ca.*  [From  the  same.] 
The  art  or  system  of  instructions  for 
attaining  long  life. 

Mac-ro-car'pus.*  [From  paxp6g, 
“long,”  or  “great,”  and  xapirog,  “fruit.”] 
Having  large  fruit : maerocar'pous. 

Mac-ro-£e-]j»Sia'li-a.*  [From  paxpdg, 
“long,”  or  “great,”  and  xe<pa\ri,  the 
“head.”]  A genus  of  organic  deviations 
characterized  by  excessive  size  of  the 
head. 

Mac-ro-$epli'a-lous.  [Macro- 
cepli'alus;  from  the  same.]  Having 
a large  head. 

Mac'ro-cosm.  [Macrocos'imis  ? 

from  paxpog,  “long,”  or  “great,”  and 
xoapog,  a “world.”]  The  greater  world, 
as  distinguished  from  Microcosm,  the 
smaller,  or  man. 

Mac-ro-cos'ma-ciis.*  Belonging  to 
the  macrocosm. 

Mac-ro-me'll-a.*  [From  paxpog, 
“long,”  or  “great,”  and  pz\og,  a “mem- 
ber.”] A class  of  monsters  characterized 
by  excessive  development  of  some  mem- 
ber. 

Mac-ro-pbyl'lous.  [Macrophyl'- 

lus;  from  paxpog,  “long,”  or  “great,”  and 
$v\\ov,  a “leaf.”]  Having  large  leaves. 

Mac-rop'i-per,  eri«.*  [From  paxpog, 


“ long,”  or  “ great,” and  ncnepi, " pepper.”] 
The  Pijyer  longum. 

Ma-crop'ter-iis.*  [From  paxpog, 
“ long,”  or  “ great,”  and  nrepor,  a “ wing.”] 
Applied  to  seeds  having  wings  of  unusual 
length. 

Mac-ros-^e'li-a.*  [From  paxpdg, 
“long,”  or  “great,”  and  axeXog,  a ‘Meg.”] 
A genus  of  organic  deviations  character- 
ized by  excessive  development  of  the 
legs. 

Mac-ro'sl-a,*  or  Mac-ro'sls.*  [From 
paxpog,  “long,”  or  “great.”]  Increase  of 
bulk,  or  length ; augmentation ; elon- 
gation. 

M ac  rosom  a t ia,*  m a k - r o - s o - m a'  - 
she-a.  [From  paxpog,  “ long,”  or  “ great,” 
and  adopa,  a “body.”]  Applied  to  mon- 
sters characterized  by  the  greatness  of 
the  entire  body. 

Mac-ro-sta'-chy-ws.*  [From  paxpog, 
“long,”  or  “great,”  and  araxig,  an  “car 
of  corn.”]  Having  flowers  disposed  in 
long  .and  thick  spikes,  or  ears. 

Mac-ro-sty'Ius.*  [From  paxpdg, 
“ long,”  or  “ great,”  and  arvXog,  a “ style.”] 
Having  a very  long  style,  as  the  Unions 
macrostylus. 

Mac'u-la,::  plural  Mac'u-Ia?.  Lite- 
rally, a “ spot,”  or  “ stain.”  Applied  to 
a dark  spot  on  the  sun’s  surface,  or  to  a 
permanent  spot  or  stain  cn  some  part  of 
the  skin,  unconnected  with  disorder  of 
the  constitution. 

Macula  Matri'cis.*  (“Spot  of,  or 
from,  the  Mother.”)  See  Nasvus  Ma- 
ternus. 

Mac'u-Ise,*  the  plural  of  Macula, 
which  see. 

Mac'u-lar.  [Macula'rSs.]  Belong- 
ing to  maculae ; resembling  maculae. 

Mac'u-late.  [Macula'tus.]  Having 

maculae. 

Mac-u-li-fibr'inis.*  [From  mac'ula , 
a “spot.”]  Having  spots,  or  stains. 

Mac-u-lose',  or  Mac'u-lous.  [Mac- 
wlo'siis;  from  mac'ula , a “spot.”] 
Full  of  spots;  spotted. 

Matlar.  See  Mudar. 

Mail-a-ro'sis.*  [From  pa6apog,“  bald.”] 
Loss  of  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
brows or  eyelashes. 

Mad'cler.  The  Rubia  tinctorum. 

Mail-e-fac ' tioia . [Madefac'tio, 
o' nis;  from  madefa'cio , mndefac'tum , 
to  “make  wet.”]  The  act  of  wetting. 

Mailjoun,  ma-joon',  written  also 
311 


MAD 


MAG 


Martjoiiiul.  An  intoxicating  prepa- 
ration composed  of  powdered  hemp  and 
honey,  and  used  by  the  Turks  and  Alge- 
rines. 

Madness.  See  Insanity,  Lunacy, 
and  Mania. 

Madness,  Canine.  See  Hydropho- 
bia. 

Mad' re-pore.  [Fr.  madre,  “ speck- 
led,” or  “spotted,”  and  pore,  a “pore.”] 
A genus  of  corals,  or  zoophytes,  having 
stems  shaped  like  trees. 

Mag-el-lan'ic  Clouds.  [Named 
from  Magel'lan,  a strait  not  very  far 
from  the  south  pole.]  Two  whitish  spots 
in  the  heavens,  near  the  south  pole, 
composed  of  nebulae,  or  clusters  of  fixed 
stars. 

Ma-gen'ta.  A beautiful  crimson  dye 
obtained  from  aniline. 

Mag'is-ter-y.  [From  nwgis'ter , a 
“ master.”]  A term  formerly  applied  to 
almost  all  precipitates  supposed  to  be 
subtle  and  masterly  preparations. 

Ma-gis  trail.  [Mag’istra'lis ; from 
magis'ter , a “master.”]  Applied  to 
medicines  prescribed  for  the  occasion,  by 
a competent  person,  in  distinction  from 
such  as  are  officinal,  or  kept  prepared  in 
the  shops.  As  the  latter  are  prepared 
according  to  a certain  formula,  an  intelli- 
gent apprentice  is  generally  equal  to  the 
task ; but  the  knowledge  of  a master  is 
needed  to  give  directions  for  an  original 
preparation. 

Ma^'ma,  a '?$.*  [Gr.  fiay/ta,  “any 
kneaded  mass.”]  Dregs;  sediment;  a 
squeezed  mass  of  a certain  consistence. 

Mag'nes,*  gen.  Mag-ne'tis.  The 
same  as  Magnet,  which  see. 

Mag'nes  Ar-sen-I-ca'lis.*  A corro- 
sive preparation  of  equal  parts  of  sul- 
phur, white  arsenic,  and  common  anti- 
mony, mixed  by  fusion. 

Magnesia,*'  img-ne'zhe-a.  [From 
Magnesia,  a district  of  Lydia,  where  the 
earth  was  originally  obtained.]  One  of 
the  primitive  alkaline  earths;  an  oxide 
of  magnesium. 

Magne'sia  ITs'ta.*  [“Burnt  Magne- 
sia.”) Calcined  magnesia. 

Magne'sisc  (mag-ne'zhc-e)  Car-bo'- 
nas.*  (“Carbonate  of  Magnesia.”)  A 
white  substance,  occurring  in  powder  or 
pulverulent  masses,  wholly  dissolved  by 
dilute  sulphuric  acid. 

Magne'slse  Sul'plias.*  (“  Sulphate 
of  Magnesia.”)  A substance  occurring  in 
colorless  crystals,  which  slowly  effloresce 
on  exposure  to  tho  air,  and  arc  very 
soluble  in  water.  The  sulphate  of  mag- 
312 


nesia,  popularly  known  as  Epsom  salts,  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  of  all  the  saline 
cathartics.  It  is  especially  adapted  to 
cases  where  it  is  desirable  to  combine  a 
refrigerant  with  a mild  and  safe  purga- 
tive. 

Mag-ne'siait.  [M  agnosia 'mis ; 

from  magne'sia.]  Belonging  to  magnesia; 
containing  magnesia.  Applied  to  a group 
of  rocks. 

Magnesium,*  mag-ne'zhe-um.  The 
metallic  base  of  magnesia. 

Mng'net.  [Lat.  Mag'nes,  ne'fi*/ 
Gr.  payvrjq ; Fr.  Aimant,  A'moN®',  or  Pierre 
c/’A/wma^pe-eR'dAmoN0'.]  Loadstone;  a 
native  oxide  of  iron  which  attracts  iron. 
(See  Loadstone.)  More  usually  applied, 
however,  to  a bar  of  steel  or  iron  to 
which  the  magnetic  property  has  been 
imparted. 

Mag-net' ic.  [Magnet'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  magnet. 

Magnet-ism.  [Magnetis'mns; 

from  [tayrris,  a “ magnet.”]  The  property 
of  attraction,  or  repulsion,  possessed  by 
the  loadstone.  The  science  which  inves- 
tigates the  phenomena  presented  by 
natural  and  artificial  magnets,  and  the 
laws  by  which  they  are  connected. 

Magnetism,  Animal.  See  Mes- 
merism. 

Mag-net-ol'o-gy.  [Magnetolo'gia ; 

from  nayvris,  a “magnet,”  and  \6yoq,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  magnet 
and  magnetism ; the  science  of  magnet- 
ism. 

Mag-net-om'e-ter.  [Magnetom'e- 
trum;  from  payvrjq,  a “magnet,”  and 
fit-poy,  a “measure.”]  An  apparatus  for 
ascertaining  the  force  with  which  the 
magnet  attracts  iron  in  different  places. 

Mag-no'Ii-a.*  (Fr.  Magnolicr,  mUg'- 
no'le-A.)  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pobjandria,  natural  order  Mag- 
noliacese ; also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  tho  bark  of  Magno'lia 
glan'ca,  Magno' lia  acumina’ta,  and  Mag- 
no'lia tripct'ala.  This  bark  is  a mild 
aromatic  tonic,  and  has  been  employed 
with  success  as  a remedy  in  intermittent 
fevers. 

Magnoliaecav*  mag-no-lc-a'she-e, 
or  Mag-no'Il-av*  A natural  order  of 
exogenous  trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of 
the  tropical  and  temperate  parts  of  Ame- 
rica and  Asia.  It  includes  the  Magnolia, 
the  Tulip-tree,  and  other  trees  of  great 
beauty.  Many  species  .arc  valuable  as 
tonics. 

Mag-iio-ll-a'eeous.  [Magnolia'- 

ceus.J  Resembling  the  Magnolia. 


MAG 


MAL 


Mag-no'li-je,*  the  plural  of  Mag- 
nolia, forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a 
natural  order  of  plants.  See  Magno- 

LIACEA3. 

Ma-hoga-ny.  The  wood  of  the 
Swiete'nia  Mahay' oni,  or  Maliogany-tree, 
the  bark  of  which  is  used  as  a substitute 
for  Peruvian  bark,  though  it  is  inferior. 

Main,  maN<>.  The  French  term  for 
Hand,  which  see. 

Maize.  A common  name  for  the  Zea 
may*,  or  Indian-corn  plant. 

Ma-jor-a'na.*  The  plant  marjoram ; 
also  spelled  Marjorana . See  Origanum 

V ULGARE. 

Majora'na  Sy-ri'a-ca.^  A name 
for  the  Teu'crium  ma'rum , or  Syrian  herb 
mastich. 

Ma'la.*  [Contraction  of  maxll'la, 
the  “jaw”?]  The  prominent  part  of  the 
cheek,  or  cheek-ball. 

Malacia,*  ma-la'she-a.  [From  na- 
Xa^of,  “effeminate.”]  Literally,  “soft- 
ness,” “luxury,”  or  “effeminacy.”  De- 
praved or  fanciful  appetite,  as  in  chloro- 
sis, pregnancy,  etc.  So  called,  it  would 
seem,  because  effeminate  or  luxurious 
habits  often  create  capricious  desires. 

Mal-a-col'o-gy-  [From  yaXuiaa,  the 
Aristotelian  name  of  Mollusca,  and  \6yog, 
a “ discourse.”]  The  science  which 
treats  of  the  Mollusca,  which  Cuvier 
divided  into  six  classes,  Ceplialop'  oda, 
Pterop'oda,  Gasterop'oda,  Acephfala , 
Brachiop' oda,  and  Cirrop' oda.  A notice 
of  these  will  be  found  under  their  re- 
spective heads.  See  Mollusca. 

Mal-a-co'ma,  at  is.*  [From  na\a<6u), 
to  “soften.”]  A softening  of  a part,  as 
of  the  brain,  kidneys,  bones,  etc. 

Mal-a-co-plfiyl'lus.*  [From  ydXaKog, 
“ soft,”  and  <pv\\ov,  a “ leaf.”]  Having 
leaves  soft  to  the  touch. 

Mal-a-co'sis.*  [From  / iciXtiKou , to 
“soften.”]  The  progress  of  malacoma. 

Mal-a-cos'te-on.*  [From  yaKaKog, 
“soft,”  and  oerriov,  a “bone.”]  Softness 
of  the  bones. 

Mal-a-co-zo-o-lo'gi-a.*  [From  fxa\a- 
KOg,  “soft,”  (,(oov,  an  “animal,”  and  \6yog, 
a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  Mollusca. 

Mal-a-co-z©'on.*  [From  yaXaidig, 
“soft,”  and  $dov,  an  “animal.”]  The 
same  as  Molluscum. 

Mal-ac-tin'I-a.*  [From  yaXaKog, 
“soft,”  and  d/rnV,  a “ray,”  “radius.”] 
The  same  as  Acalejiha.  See  Acale- 
phus. 

Maladie,  m&T&'de'.  The  French 
term  for  Disease,  which  see. 

Maladie  du  Pays,  mAlaW  dii  pA<P. 

27* 


A common  French  term  for  Nostalgia. 

Ma-lag  ma,  a tis.*  [From  ya\aaa^,  to 
“ soften. ”J  See  Cataplasma. 

Malaise  (Fr.),  m&'lez',  or  mAliz'. 
[From  mal,  “ ill,”  and  aise,  “ ease.”]  Dis- 
comfort or  uneasiness. 

Ma-lam'bo  Bark,  or  Matias  Bark. 
The  bark  of  a tree  found  in  Colombia, 
and  used  as  a substitute  for  cinchona. 

Malar.  [Mala'ris;  from  ma'la,  the 
“cheek.”]  Belonging  to  the  cheek-bone. 

Ma-la'ri-a.*  [From  the  Italian  ma'la , 
“bad,”  and  a'ria , “air.”]  A term  for 
marsh  miasmata,  or  infectious  effluvia 
from  decayed  animal  or  vegetable  matter. 

Ma-la'ri-al,  or  Ma-la'ri-ous.  Be- 
longing to,  or  caused  by,  malaria. 

Mal'ate.  [Ma'las,  a'ft's.]  A combi- 
nation of  malic  acid  with  a base. 

Male  Fern.  See  Aspidium  Filix  Mas. 
Maleslaerbiaceav*  mal-zer-be-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Malesherbia,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A small  natural  order  of  exo- 
genous plants,  found  in  Chili  and  Peru. 

Mal-lor-ina'tion.  A deviation  from 
the  natural  or  proper  form  of  an  organ. 

Mal'ic.  [Mal'ieus:  from  ma'lum , 
an  “ apple.”]  Belonging  to  an  apple. 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  the 
juice  of  apples,  and  other  fruits. 

Mal'ice  Pre-pense'.  [Fr.  malice, 
“ill  will,”  pre,  “before,”  and  penscr,  to 
“think.”]  Premeditated  ill  will;  in  legal 
phrase,  “malice  aforethought .” 

Mal-i-for'mis.*  [From  ma'lum,  an 
“apple.”]  Having  the  form  of  an  apple. 

Ma-lig'nant.  [Malig'nus;  from 
ma'lus,  “evil.”]  (Fr.  Malin,  n:AluNc'.) 
Applied  to  diseases  that  endanger  life, 
more  especially  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terized by  their  violence  or  atrocity,  so  to 
speak  (as  cancer,  the  plague,  etc.),  and 
by  their  rapid  progress  to  a fatal  termi- 
nation. 

Malin.  See  Malignant. 

Ma-lim'ger-er.  [From  the  French 
Malinyre,  “ sickly.”]  One  who  simulates 
or  feigns  disease,  to  avoid  labor  or  pun- 
ishment. 

Ma'lis.*  [Gr.  yaXig,  a “cutaneous  dis- 
ease.”] A Greek  term,  according  to  Dr. 
Good,  for  cutaneous  vermination,  or  the 
skin  being  infested  with  animalcules. 

Ma'lis  Fi-la'ri-ae.*  (“  Skein-W  orm.”) 
See  Guinea-Worm. 

Mal-le-a-bil  'I-ty.  [Malleabil  'itas, 
o' tis;  from  mal'ieus,  a “hammer,”  or 
“mallet.”]  The  property  possessed  by 
certain  metals  of  being  beaten  into  form 
without  cracking. 

Mal-le-a'tion.  [Mallea'tio,  o' iris; 

313 


MAL 


MAM 


from  mal'leut,  a “hammer,”  or  “mal- 
let.”] A specie?  of  Chorea , in  which 
the  hands  convulsively  act  in  striking  on 
the  knees,  as  if  with  a hammer. 

Mal-le'o-lar.  [From  malle'olus,  a 
“ little  hammer.”]  A term  applied  to  two 
branches  of  the  posterior  tibial  artery. 

Mal-le'o-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  vial' - 
leus,  a “hammer.”]  Applied  to  the  pro- 
jections of  bone  on  the  tibia  and  fibula, 
forming  the  inner  and  outer  ankles. 

Mal'le-us.*  (“A  Hammer.”)  One  of  the 
small  bones  of  the  internal  ear;  named 
from  its  resemblance  to  a hammer. 

Mal-lo-coc'cus.*  [From  yaWog,  a 
“ fleece,”  and  kokkos,  a “berry.”]  Having 
hairy  fruit. 

Hal  low.  The  Malva  sylvestris. 

Malpighiacese,*  mal-pe-ge-a'she-e. 
[From  Malpi' ghia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  nearly  all  of  which  are  tropical. 
Many  of  them  have  beautiful  flowers. 

Malpi'g’liian  (mal-pee'ge-an)  J5od'- 
ies.  [Corpora  Malpighi.]  Ap- 
plied to  small  bodies  or  corpuscles  found 
in  the  kidney : also  to  certain  white  cor- 
puscles found  in  the  spleen,  similar  in 
structure  to  the  follicles  of  the  lymphatic 
glands. 

Malpi'g-liii  (mal-pee'ge-e)  Re'te.* 
The  Rete  muco'sum  of  the  negro,  first 
pointed  out  by  Malpighi. 

Malt.  Barley  which  has  been  pre- 
pared for  the  manufacture  of  beer  by' in- 
cipient germination. 

Ma'lus  Med'I-ca.*  The  same  as  Cit- 
rus Medica,  which  see. 

Mal  va.5  [From  ya\dxn,  “ softness.”] 
A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Monadel- 
phia,  natural  order  Malvaceae.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  and  Ed. 
Ph.)  of  the  Malva  sylvestris. 

Mal'va  Syl-ves'tris.*  The  com- 
mon mallow-plant. 

Malvaceae,*  mal-va'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants,  which 
abound  in  tropical  and  temperate  re- 
gions. It  includes  the  Malva  (Mallow), 
Hibiscus,  and  Gossypium,  the  true  cotton- 
plant.  The  uniform  character  of  the 
order  is  to  abound  in  mucilage,  which 
is  used  as  a demulcent  or  emollieut. 

Mamelle.  See  Mamma. 

Mamelon,  m&,nT16NQ\  See  Nipple. 

Mam 'ilia,*  plural  Mam'ma*.  [From 
the  “ instinctive  cry  of  an  infant.”] 
(Fr.  Mamelle,  m&'mell'.)  The  breast;  an 
organ  forming,  in  the  human  female,  a 
globular  projection  on  each  side  of  tho 
thorax;  being  the  scat  of  the  lactiferous 
314 


(or  milk-producing)  glands.  Applied 
also  to  the  corresponding  part  of  all 
animals  that  suckle  their  young. 

Maminaire.  See  Mammary. 

Mammal.  [Mamma'lis ; from 
mam'ma,  a “ breast.”]  Having  breasts, 
or  teats.  Applied  to  a class  of  animals. 
See  Mammalia. 

Mam-ma'li-a,*  or  Mam'mals.  [Ths 

plural  neuter  of  mamma'lis,  “having 
breasts,  or  teats.”  See  Mamma.]  The 
most  highly  organized  class  of  the  ani- 
mal kingdom,  constituting  the  first  or 
highest  section  of  Cuvier’s  grand  divi- 
sion Vertebrata.  They  possess  mammary 
glands,  and  suckle  their  young.  A great 
majority  of  them  are  four-footed  and  are 
covered  with  hair.  The  Cetaceans  instead 
of  four  feet  have  corresponding  or  analo- 
gous fins.  One  of  the  principal  ana- 
tomical characteristics  of  the  Mammalia 
is  the  condition  of  the  lungs,  which  aro 
suspended  freely  in  a thoracic  cavity  and 
separated  from  the  abdomen  by  a perfect 
diaphragm. 

Mam-mal'©-gy.  [Mammal© 'gia.] 

A treatise  on  Mammalia;  the  science 
which  treats  of  mammiferous  animals. 

Mam'ma-rjf.  [Mamma'rius;  from 
mam'ma,  a “breast.”]  (Fr.  Mammaire, 
m&m'meR'.)  Belonging  to  the  mamma , 
or  female  breast. 

Mammary  Gland.  The  organ 
which  secretes  the  milk ; a gland  placed 
beneath  the  adipose  layer  of  the  mamma. 

Mam-ma'tus.*  Having  mammae,  or 
breasts : mammate. 

Mam-mif'er-us.*  [From  mam'ma, 
the  “breast,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Having  breasts,  or  teats.  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  ( Mammi/'era ) to  a class  of 
animals,  the  same  as  Mammalia. 

Mam  mi-form.  [Mammifor'mis; 
from  mam'ma,  the  “breast.”]  Having 
the  form  of  the  breast. 

Mam-mil 'la,*  plural  Mam-mil'lae. 
[Diminutive  of  mam'ma,  the  “breast.”] 
A little  breast:  a nipple.  Also  applied 
to  the  male  breast.  See  Nipple. 

Mam'mil-la-ry.  [Mammilla'ris; 
from  mammil'la,  a “nipple.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  nipple,  or  resembling  a 
nipple  or  small  breast. 

Mam'mil-late.  [Mammilla  I us.] 
Having  mammil'lsr,  or  nipples.  In  Bot- 
any, bearing  little  prominences  on  tho 
surface. 

Mam-mil-Ba'tion.  [Mammilla'! io. 

o'liis;  from  mammil'la,  a “nipple.”] 
Applied  to  the  appearances  of  little  prom- 
inences like  granulation*  on  a mucous 


MAM 


MAN 


surface,  as  of  the  stomach  sometimes  in 
phthisis,  etc. 

Mam-niil-lif  'er-us.:;:'  [From  mam- 
mil' la,  a “ nipple/’  and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing  mammillae,,  or  something  resem- 
bling them. 

Mam-mil-li-for'mis.*  [From  mam- 
mil' la,  a “ nipple.”]  Having  the  form 
of  mammillae  : mammilliform. 

Mam-mil-lo'sus.*'  [From  mammiV- 
la , a “nipple.”]  Having  mammillae,  or 
prominent  tubercles. 

Mam  mose.  [Mammo'sws ; from 
viam'mo,  the  “ breast.”]  Having  breasts, 
or  prominences  like  breasts. 

Mani'oiioih.  A word  of  Tartar  ori- 
gin, applied  in  Siberia  to  burrowing 
animals.  It  is  usually  applied  to  an 
extinct  species  of  elephant,  the  EUephas 
primige'nius.  An  entire  animal  of  this 
species  has  been  found  in  Siberia,  with 
the  soft  parts  preserved  in  the  ice. 

Mam'mu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  mam'- 
ma,  the  “breast.”]  Applied  to  tbe 
swollen  conceptacles  on  the  ihallm  of 
certain  lichens. 

Man.  = J lanip'tdus*  “A  handful.” 

Man.  [Homo,  Hom  ing.]  In 

general,  a human  being,  classed  with 
mammiferous  animals,  and  constituting 
the  sole  genus  of  the  order  Bimana  of 
the  Mammalia.  Man  (Latin,  Vir),  in  a 
restricted  sense,  denotes  the  male  of  the 
human  species. 

Ma-na'tus.*  [From  ma'nus,  a “ hand ;” 
so  called  in  allusion  to  its  hand-like 
fins.]  A genus  of  herbivorous  Cetaceans, 
including  the  species  usually  called  the 
sea-cow. 

Man-clii-neel',  or  Man-chl-neal'. 

The  Hippom' ane  MancineU la,  a poison- 
ous tree  of  South  America.  With  its 
juice  the  aborigines  poison  their  arrows. 

Man'di-ble.  [Mandib'ula,  or 
Mandib'uluni;  from  man' do,  to 
“chew.”]  Applied  in  the  plural  to  the 
anterior  or  superior  pair  of  jaws  in  cer- 
tain insects;  also  to  the  jaws  of  birds. 

Man'dible.  [Mandib'nla ; from 
the  same.]  A name  for  the  lower  jaw 
( maxilla  inferior). 

Man-dib'u-lai*.  [Mandibula'ris ; 

from  man dib' ula,  a “mandible.”]  Be- 
longing to  a mandible,  or  the  lower  jaw. 

Maaa-dib-u-la'ta,*  or  Man-dib'u- 
latcs.  [From  mandil/u/a,  a “jaw.”] 
A grand  section  of  insects,  including  all 
those  which  preserve  their  organs  of 
mastication  in  their  last  or  perfect  stage 
of  metamorphosis. 

Man-dib'u-li-form.  [Mandibuli- 


for'mis;  from  mandib' ula,  a “mandi- 
ble.”] Applied  to  the  jaws  of  insects 
when  hard  and  horny. 

Mandioc.  See  Jatropha  Manihot. 

Man-drag'o-ra.*  The  narcotic  plant 
At)  opa  Mandragora,  or  mandrake. 

Mandrake.  See  Mandragora. 

Man-du-ea'tion.  [Manduca'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  mandu'eo,  manduca' turn , to 
“chew.”]  The  same  as  Mastication, 
which  see. 

Man'ga-nate.  [Man 'gait  as.  a'f/*.] 
A combination  of  manganic  acid  and  a 
base. 

Man'ga-flicse.  [Mangane'sium.] 

A peculiar  metallic  substance,  which  is 
gray,  hard,  brittle,  and  very  difficult  of 
fusion.  In  its  metallic  form  it  has  not 
been  applied  to  any  use.  The  specific 
gravity  is  about  8. 

Man-gsi-ne'sdc.  [Manganes'icus ; 

from  many  ane’  slum  J]  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  manganese. 

Mangaite'sii  (man-ga-ne'she-i)  Ox'i- 
duns  Ni  grum.*  (“Black  Oxide  of  Man- 
ganese.”) The  name  applied  to  the  native 
impure  deutoxide  of  mauganese  in  pow- 
der. This  substance  has  bv  en  placed  on 
the  primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica 
in  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1860. 
Black  oxide  of  manganese  is  regarded 
as  a tonic  and  alterative;  it  has  been 
employed  in  syphilis  and  various  cuta- 
neous diseases.  When  slowly  intro- 
duced into  the  system,  as  happens  to  those 
engaged  in  grinding  this  mineral,  it  acts 
(like  lead  or  mercury)  as  a cumulative 
poison,  often  producing  paraplegia. 

Mangane'sii  Sul'idias.*  (“Sul- 
phate of  Manganese.”)  This  substance 
occurs  in  colorless,  or  pale  rose-colored, 
transparent  crystals.  It  has  been 
placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Mate- 
ria Medica  in  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia 
for  1860.  It  acts  as  a cholagogue  pur- 
gative, and  also  as  an  alterative. 

Maaiganinm.  See  Manganese. 

Man'ga-nous.  [Mangano'sus ; 
from  mangane'sium .]  Applied  to  an  oxide 
of  manganese. 

Man 'go.  (Called  by  the  Hindoos 
dm.)  The  fruit  of  the  Many  f era  hi  - 
diea,  a large  fruit-tree,  inhabiting  the 
tropical  parts  of  Asia,  throughout  all 
which  it  is  cultivated  nearly  as  exten- 
sively as  the  apple  and  pear  are  in  Eu- 
rope. The  fruit  is  somewhat  like  a necta- 
rine, but  longer.  It  contains  a large 
stone  covered  with  coarse  fibres,  which 
are  surrounded  with  succulent  flesh,  or 
rather  a thick,  pulpy  juice. 


315 


MAN 


MAR 


Ma'ni  a.s  [Gr.^ia;  from  gaivogai,  to 
“rage.”]  Delirium  unaccompanied  by 
fever;  madness.  A genus  of  the  order 
Vesanise,  class  Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. See  Insanity. 

Ma  nia  a Po'tu.;ii  (“Madness  from 
Drinking.”)  Insanity  resulting  from 
excessive  indulgence  in  drinking.  See 
Delirium  Tremens. 

Ma-ni'a-eal.  [Maniaca'lis.]  Af- 
fected with  mania;  resembling  mania. 

Maii'i-cate.  [Mansca'tws ; from 
man'ica,  a “glove/’  or  “sleeve.”] 
Gloved;  covered  with  a woolly  coat 
which  may  be  stripped  off  whole,  as 
some  plants. 

Maiiie  sans  lOelire,  m&'n6'  son6  dA- 
1&r'.  (“Madness,  without  Delirium.”) 
See  Moral  Insanity. 

Ma-nip-ii-&a'tion.  [From  mamp'u- 
lus,  a “handful.”]  The  mode  of  han- 
dling utensils,  materials,  etc.,  in  experi- 
mental philosophy ; the  performance  of 
experiments. 

Ma-nip'u-liis.*  [From  ma'mnn  im'- 
pleat,  “ what  fills  the  hand.”]  A handful. 

Man  na.5-  A substance  supposed  to 
resemble  the  manna  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, obtained  from  several  species  of 
ash-tree.  The  Pharmaeopoeial  name  [] 
for  “the  concrete  juice,  in  flakes,  of  the 
Nr  ax' inns  or'nus , and  Fr  ax' inns  rotundi- 
fo'lia.” 

Man-nif'er-us.*  [From  man'na,  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”J  Bearing  or  affording 
manna. 

Man'mte.  [Man'nis,  A 

white  substance,  chiefly  obtained  from 
manna,  and  on  which  its  laxative  vir- 
tues depend;  sugar  of  manna. 

Man.  pr.  = Ma'ne  pH’ mo.*  “Very 
early  in  the  morning.” 

Mantle.  [Pal 'limn.]  A develop- 
ment of  the  skin  which  covers  the  body 
or  a portion  of  the  body  of  nearly  all 
Mollusea. 

Hn-3iu  ln  i.mii.  [From  ma'nus,  the 
“hand,”  and  hi’beo,  to  “hold.”]  Lite- 
rally, a “hilt,”  or  “handle.”  Applied 
in  Anatomy  to  the  uppermost  part  of 
the  sternum. 

Manubrium  Ma'nus.*  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  radius. 

Man-ii-lu'vi-iim.*  [From  marnus, 
a “hand,”  and  la' oo,  to  “wash.”]  A 
hand-bath. 

Ma'nus.*  (Fr.  Main,  maN«.)  The 
hand.  See  Hand. 

Maniist upratio.  See  Masturba- 

tion. 

Ma-ran'ta.*  Arrow-root.  The  Phar- 
316 


macopceial  name  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.) 
for  the  fecula  of  the  tubers  of  the  Ma- 
rant  a arundinacea,  and  Maranta  Indica. 

Maran'fa  Arundinacea*  (a-run- 
di-na'she-a).  The  arrow-root  plant. 

Maran  ta  (ia-lan'ga.;  A plant 
believed  to  yield  galangal,  a pungent 
aromatic  root  formerly  used  as  a substi- 
tute for  ginger.  This  root  is  brought 
from  China  and  the  East  Indies. 

Maran'ta  Im'dl-ca.*  A species  of 
Maranta , from  which  arrow-root  is  ob- 
tained. 

Maranfacese,*  mar-an-ta'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  endogenous  plants, 
found  in  the  tropical  parts  of  Africa  and 
America.  It  includes  the  Maran'ta , from 
which  arrow-root  is  procured. 

Mar-an-ta/ceous.  [ Maranta 
ce«s.]  Resembling  Maran’ta. 

Mar-as-mo'des.*  [From  maras'mus , 
a “ withering,”  or  “ wasting  away.”]  Re- 
sembling, or  having,  marasmus. 

Ma-ras-mo-i'des.*  [From  maras'- 
mus, a “withering,”  or  “wasting  away,” 
and  el6og,  a “form.”]  Resembling  ma- 
rasmus: maras'moid. 

Mar-as-raop'y-ra.-  [From  maras'- 
mus, a “withering,”  or  “wasting  away,” 
and  7 rvp,  a “ fever.”]  Hectic  fever. 

Ma-ras'mus.*  [From  gapaivoy,  to 
“wither.”]  Literally,  a “withering,”  or 
“wasting  away.”  Consumption  of  the 
whole  body. 

Mar  ble.  (Fr.  Marbre,  maRbR.)  A 
species  of  limestone,  or  hard  carbonate 
of  lime,  capable  of  a high  polish.  Sec 
Marmor. 

Mar-ces'^ent.  [Marces'cens;  from 
mar'ceo , to  “ wither.”]  Withering;  gra- 
dually withering,  without  falling  off. 

Mjiregr.t  viacese,*  mark-gra-ve-a'  • 
she-e.  [From  Marcgra'via,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A small  natural  order  of  ex- 
ogenous trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  equi- 
noctial America. 

MarcBiantiaeea*,*  mar-shan-te-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Marchan'tia,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A name  given  by  Lindley  to 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  He- 
patic,®. 

Mar'cor,:?  plural  Mar-eo'reS. 

[From  mar'ceo,  to  “wither.”]  Leanness 
or  wasting  of  the  body.  Applied  in  the 
plural  to  diseases  characterized  by  emaci- 
ation of  the  body,  constituting  an  order 
of  the  class  Caehexite  of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 
ogy. See  Marasmus. 

Mar'^a.5  Marl,  a fertilizing  substance 
found  in  nature,  consisting  of  a mixture 
of  calcareous  and  argillaceous  earths. 


MAR 


MAR 


The  calcareous  portion  often  consists 
of  the  fragments  or  debris  of  small 
shells. 

Mar'ga-rate.  [Mar'garas,  a'tfs.] 
A combination  of  margaric  acid  with  a 
base. 

Mar-gar'ic.  [Margar'icus;  from 
margari'na .]  Applied  to  an  acid  ob- 
tained from  margarin. 

Mar'ga-rin,  or  Mar'ga-riaie. 
[Margari'na;  from  pdpyapor,  a “ pearl.”] 
A simple  fat,  a constituent  of  the  radical 
termed  inargaryl;  named  from  its  pearly 
appearance. 

Mar'ga-ryl.  [From  margari'na , 
“margarin,”  and  vXrj,  “material.”]  A 
radical,  of  which  stearin  and  margarin 
are  constituents. 

Mar'gl-nal.  [Margina'lis ; from 
mar' go,  mar'ginis,  a “border.”]  Placed 
upon,  or  belonging  to,  the  margin. 

Mar'gin-ate.  [Margina'tus ; from 
mar'gino , margina’ turn,  to  “ make  bor- 
ders.”] Having  a border,  edge,  or 
margin. 

Marine  (ma-reen')  A$'id.  Muriatic 
or  hydrochloric  acid,  formerly  termed 
the  spirit  of  salt. 

Marine'  Salt.  Chloride  of  sodium  ; 
common  salt:  formerly  called  muriate 
of  soda. 

M&r'I-tXme,  [Marit'innis ; from 
ma're,  the  “ sea.”]  Belonging  to  the  sea, 
or  bordering  on  the  sea. 

Mar  Jo-rain,€om'mon.  The  Orig'- 
anum  vufga're. 

Marjoram,  Sweet.  The  Orig'anum 
majora'na. 

Marjoram,  Wild.  The  Orig’anum 
vulga're. 

Marl.  See  Marga. 

Mar-mar'y-ga,*  or  Mar-mar- 
y-go,*  plural  Mar-msir'y-gse.  [From 
pappaipo),  to  “ shine.”]  In  the  plural,  the 
appearance  of  sparks  or  coruscations 
before  the  eyes. 

Mar-mar-y-go'de&.*  [From  mar- 
mar’ygse .]  Having,  or  resembling,  mar- 
mar  yg  re. 

Mar'mor,  or is.*  [From  pappaipcj,  to 
“shine.”]  (Fr.  Marbre,  maRbR.)  Mar- 
ble. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the 
crystalline,  or  white  granular,  carbonate 
of  lime.  See  Marble. 

Mar'mo-rate.  [From  mar'mor, 
“marble.”]  Marbled;  applied  to  some 
vegetable  products. 

Marrow.  [Lat.  Med nl' la : Gr.  /r>£- 
\og;  Fr.  Moelfe,  mo'ell'.]  The  fatty  oleagi- 
nous substance  in  the  cavities  of  long 
tylindrical  bones. 


Marrow,  Spinal.  See  Medulla 
Spinalis. 

Mar-ru'bl-Bim.*  Horehound.  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Didynamia, 
natural  order  Labiatse.  Also,  the  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
of  Marru'bium  vulga're. 

Marrn'lmim  Album.*  (“White 
Horehound.”)  Another  name  for  the 
Marrnbium  v id gave. 

Marru'bium  Vul-ga're.*  (“Com- 
mon Horehound.”)  The  systematic  name 
of  the  common  or  white  horehound,  also 
called  Marrnbium  album. 

Mars,*  gen.  Mar'tis.  [The  name 
of  the  god  of  war,  also  used  for  “war” 
itself.]  One  of  the  planets.  Also,  the 
alchemical  name  of  iron,  given  on  ac- 
count of  its  importance  in  war;  hence 
the  salts  of  iron  were  called  Martial 
Salts. 

Marseilles  (mar-salz')  Vin'e-gar. 

Thieves'  Vinegar.  A solution  of  essential 
oils  and  camphor  in  vinegar.  The  re- 
putation of  this  prophylactic  in  conta- 
gious fevers  is  said  to  have  arisen  from  the 
confession  of  four  thieves,  who,  during 
the  plague  at  Marseilles,  plundered  the 
dead  bodies  with  perfect  security,  being 
preserved  from  contagion  by  this  aro- 
matic vinegar,  which  has,  hence,  been 
called  Le  Vinaigre  dcs  Quatre  Voleurs , 
leh  v&'negR'  d&  k&tR  voTur'  (“the  Vine- 
gar of  the  Four  Thieves”). 

Marsh  Mai' law.  The  Althsca  offici- 
nalis. 

Marsh’s  Tost.  A test  for  arsenious 
acid,  consisting  in  the  action  upon  the 
acid  of  nascent  hydrogen,  obtained  by 
dissolving  zinc  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid ; 
the  arsenious  acid  is  deoxidyzed,  with 
evolution  of  arseniuretted  hydrogen 
gas. 

Marsileacea?,*  mar-sil-e-a'she-e. 
[From  Marsil'ea,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  cryptogamic  plants, 
resembling  mosses,  found  in  ditches  or 
wet  places. 

Mar-su'pS-al.  [Marsupia'lis ; 

from  mat sa'pium,  a “pouch.”]  Pouched, 
or  resembling  a pouch. 

Mar-su-pi-a'li-a,*  or  Mar-su'pi- 
als.  [From  the  same.]  An  order  of 
mammiferous  quadrupeds,  of  which  the 
females  have  a portion  of  the  abdomi- 
nal integument  folded  inwards,  form- 
ing either  a depression  containing  the 
mammfe , or  a pouch  serving  also  as  a tem- 
porary abode  for  the  young.  It  includes 
the  kangaroo,  opossum,  and  wombat. 

Mar-su'pi-i-llo'rus.*  [From  marsu 

317 


21 


MAR 


MAS 


pi  am , a “ pouch/’  and  jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  pouch-like  flowers. 

Mar-su'pi-nm.*  [From  pjpavnog,  a 
“little  sack.”]  A pouch.  Applied  to 
th 3 large  cavity  of  the  peritoneum;  also, 
to  the  scrotum.  In  Zoology,  the  pouch 
or  receptacle  near  the  mammae,  of  the 
opossum,  kangaroo,  etc. 

Marteau,  mau'to'.  The  French  term 
for  Malleus,  which  see. 

Martial.  See  Mars. 

Ma'rnm  Sy-ri'a-caim,*  or  Ten'- 
cr  1-U3I1  Ma'mm.*  An  aromatic  plant 
of  the  natural  order  Labiatae,  formerly 
used  as  a tonic,  antispasmodic,  orerrhine. 

Mas,*  gen.  Ma'ris.  The  male  of  any 
kind  of  animal. 

Mas-cu-la-tia'rais.*  [From  mas* cu- 
ius, “male,”  and  Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing male  flowers : mascaliflo'rous. 

Mas'cn-line.  [Mas'caainis ; from 
mas,  a “male.”]  Male,  or  belonging  to 
the  male  sex  ; resembling  a man  or  male. 

Maslted.  [From  the  French  masquer,  to 
“disguise.”]  See  Personate. 

Mas'sa.*  [From  paraa,  to  “knead.”] 
Any  compound  from  which  pills  are  to 
he  made. 

Mas'sa  tie  My-dirar'g^y-r®,*  or  Mas'- 
sa  ex  My  dr  ar  'gyro*  (“Mass  [pre- 
pared] from  Mercury/  ) See  Blue  Mass. 

Mas-se'ter,  e'r  is*  [Gr.  paanrjrtip ; 
from  pan aiopai,  to  “chew.”]  A short, 
thick  muscle  of  the  lower  jaw,  on  each 
side  of  the  face. 

Mas-s  e-ter ' ic.  [Masseter 'icais.] 
Belonging  to  the  masseier  muscle. 

Mas'si-cot.  Yellow  oxide  of  lead. 

Mas'ta-desi,  eaii«.*  [From  pacrog, 
the  “breast,”  and  afyv,  a “gland.”]  The 
mammary  gland,  or  female  breast. 

Mas-ta-de-ni'tis,  \dis*  [From 
mas’taden,  the  “mammary  gland.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  mammary  gland. 

Mas-tal'ga-a.*  [From  pcnrog,  the 
“breast,”  and  aXyj;,  “pain.”]  Pain  of 
the  mammary  gland,  or  breast. 

Mas-taux'e.*  [From  parrdg,  the 
“breast,”  and  av£rj,  “increase.”]  Swol- 
len or  enlarged  female  breast. 

Masl-ltel-co'sis.*  [From  pcnrog,  tho 
“breast,”  and  t\<w7ig,  “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration  of  the  mamma,  or  female 
breast. 

Mas'tic,  or  Mas'ticB*.  [Gr,  paartxn-] 
A resinous  substance  obtained  from  the 
Pistacia  lentiseus.  It  is  a stimulant  and 
tonic,  but  it  is  rarely  given  internally, 
except  in  combination.  (See  Mastiche.) 
Dissolved  in  alcohol  or  oil  of  turpentine, 
it  is  used  as  a varnish. 

318 


Mas-ti-ca'tion.  [Mastica'tio, 

o'nis;  from  mas’tico , mastica'tum,  to 
“chew.”]  The  act  or  process  of  chew- 
ing; also,  the  taking,  chewing,  and  in- 
salivation of  the  food. 

Mas'ti-ca-to-ry.  [Maslicaito' rms ; 
from  the  same.]  Relating  to  mastication. 
Also,  a medicine  to  be  masticated,  or 
chewed. 

Mas'tieBi  Tree.  The  Pista'cia  len - 

tis'eus. 

Mas'ti-eBie,*gen.  Mas'ti-elnes.  [Gr. 

paerrixn ; from  pavnxaoo,  to  “chew.”] 
Mastic.  The  name  applied  to  the  con- 
crete juice  of  the  Pista'cia  lentis'eus.  It 
has  been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Mcdica  of  the  U.S.  Phar- 
macopoeia for  1860.  It  forms  one  of  the 
ingredients  of  the  Pilulee  Aloes  et  3fas- 
tiches.  See  Mastic. 

Mas'ta-cici,  or  Mas'ti-cisae.  A pe- 
culiar principle  obtained  by  the  action 
of  alcohol  upon  mastic. 

MasMek.  See  Mastic. 

Mas'ti-cot.  The  same  as  Massicot. 

Mas'ta-cois.*  [From  pavrog,  the 

“breast.”]  Mastic.  Belonging  to  the 
mammae. 

Mas-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From  the  same.] 
Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the  female 
breast. 

Ma§4o-car*?l-iio'ma,  a tis*  [From 
pcnrog,  the  “ breast,”  and  carcino'  ma .]  Car- 
cinoma, or  incipient  cancer  of  the  breast. 

Mas-to'des.*  [From  pcnrog,  the 

“breast.”]  Having  large  breasts. 

Mas'to-don.*  [From  payrog,  the 

“breast,”  “teat,”  or  “nipple,”  (?)  and 
ddovg,  a “tooth.”]  A genus  of  extinct, 
gigantic  quadrupeds,  allied  to  the  ele- 
phant; eo  called  from  the  conical  projec- 
tions upon  the  surfaces  of  the  molar  teeth. 

Mas-to-dym'i-a,*  [From  parreg.  the 
“breast,”  and  divert,  “pain.”]  Pain  oc- 
curring in  the  mamma,  or  female  breast. 

Mas 't  © id.  [Mastoi'des;  from  pa<7- 
rog,  the  “breast,”  and  clSog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  breast  or  nipple. 

Mas'totd  Process.  [Proces'sus 
Mastoi'deas.]  A prominence  of  tho 
temporal  bone,  resembling  a nipple  or 
teat. 

Mas-toi'de-al.  [Masloi'deus ; 

from  mastoi'des  proces'sus.]  Belonging 
to  the  mastoid  process  of  the  temporal 
bone. 

Mas-to-i-de-&l'&i-a.'*  [From  mas- 
toi'dcs  proces'sus,  and  u\yof,  “pain.”] 
Pain  in  tho  mastoid  process. 

Mas-to-i-de-o-^en-te'sis.*  [From 
the  mas'toid  process,  and  Kurqaig,  a 


MAS 


MAT 


“puncturing.”]  Perforation  of  the 
mastoid  process. 

Mas-tol'o-gy.  [Mastolo'g-ia  ? from 
Havre;,  tlic  “breast,”  and  X'tyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  natural  history  of  Mam- 
malia j also,  that  branch  of  Anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  female  breast. 

Mas-t©-m©'ni-a.~  [From  fiaaro^,  the 
“ breast,”  and  ptweg,  the  “menses.”] 
Metastasis  cf  the  menstrual  flow  to  the 
mammse,  or  breasts. 

M as- ton'c us.*  [From  paarog,  the 
“breast,”  and  dyKcg,  a “tumor.”]  A 
tumor  of  the  mamma,  mammary  gland 
itself,  or  nipple. 

Mas-f©-|t^ree'4a-ma,  ntis.®  [From 
paor eg,  the  “breast,”  and  napixTapa,  “im- 
moderate extension.”]  Excessive  dis- 
tension of  the  breasts. 

Mas-te-pa^thi'a.*  [From  paarog,  the 
“ breast/’  and  iruOog,  “ affection,”  or 
“disease.”]  Pain  in  the  female  breast: 
mastop'atliy. 

M as-topath ' l-cus.  * Belonging  to 

tnastopathia. 

Ma^to-iimc-e-ioiVcws,*  or  Mas-fo- 
pi-©n'cus.':i;  [From  paarog,  the  “breast,” 
TupeX'i,  “fat,”  and  oyxcg,  a “tumor.”]  A 
fatty  swelling  or  tumor  in  the  breast. 

Mas-for-rEua'gi-a.-  [From  paarog, 
the  “breast,”  and  p'lyvopt,  to  “break 
forth.”]  Sudden  limmorrhage  from  the 
breast. 

Mas-t©-s«ir'rlhius.‘*  [From  paarog, 
the  “breast,”  and  extipog,  a “hard  tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus  of  the  breast. 

Mas-4ur-Bi>a't3©in>.  [Masturba'tio, 
©'«/«,  a contraction  of  ma' nu-siupra'tio 
(“defilement  by  the  hand”) ; from  ma' - 
mis,  the  “hand,”  and  stu'pro , stupra'tum , 
to  “ravish,”  to  “defile.”]  Self-pollution, 
or  the  secret  vice.  See  Pollution. 

Mate,  md-td/.  See  Paraguay  Tea. 

Ma'ter  A-ce'tfi.*  (“Mother  of  Vine- 
gar.”) A mould  plant,  belonging  to  the 
genus  My  coder'  ma,  which  is  developed  in 
vinegar. 

Ma-te'ri-a  Med'i-ca.^  (“Medical 
Material,”  or  “Medical  Substances.” 
Fr.  Maticre  Medicate,  ma'te'eR'  md'de'- 
kal\)  A collective  term,  comprising  all 
medicines,  or  all  substances,  natural  or 
artificial,  which  are  used  in  the  cure  of 
diseases.  These  substances  may  be  di- 
vided into  two  great  classes.  1.  Natu- 
ral, or  those  which  arc  found  ready  pre- 
pared by  nature:  as  cinchona  hark,  nut- 
meg, opium,  etc.  2.  Artificial,  or  those 
which  have  been  produced  or  modified 
by  chemical  agency:  as  quinta,  morphia, 
calomel,  lunar  caustic,  etc.  Medicines 


may  be  again  divided  into — 1.  Those 
which  owe  their  effects  to  some  peculiar 
specific  property  or  principle  which  acts 
upon  the  vital  irritability  of  the  different 
organs  or  parts  of  the  body : as  tartar 
emetic,  which  has  a specific  action  di- 
rected chiefly  to  the  stomach ; calomel , 
whose  action  is  principally  directed  to 
the  liver  and  salivary  glands ; and  alcohol, 
which  exerts  a special  influence  on  the 
brain  and  nervous  system,  etc.  2.  Those 
which  owe  their  effects  to  merely  me- 
chanical properties,  as  emollient  poul- 
tices, lubricating  substances  used  for 
allaying  cough,  etc.  To  this  last  divi- 
sion may  be  referred  bran  bread,  bran 
mush,  etc.,  which  owe  their  aperient 
effects  to  the  mechanical  irritation  of  tie 
alimentary  canal,  arising  from  the  rough 
particles  contained  in  the  food. 

Mafias.  See  Malambo. 

Mafic©,*  md-tee'ko.  The  South 
American  name  of  the  Artan'theelonga'ta, 
a shrub  growing  wild  in  the  interior 
of  Peru.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
for  the  leaves  of  the  Artanthe  elomjala. 
They  have  been  assigned  a place  on  the 
primary  list  of  the  Materia  Mcdica  in  the 
IT.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  I860.  Matico 
is  an  aromatic  stimulant  and  tonic,  w ith 
a tendency  like  cubebs  to  act  on  the 
urinary  passages.  Hence  it  has  been 
employed  in  gonorrhoea  and  other  affec- 
tions of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  vagina,  etc.  It  has  also  been 
highly  recommended  as  a styptic  in 
hsematemesis,  hspinaturia,  etc. 

Matiere  Medicate.  See  Materia 
Medica. 

Mat'rass.  A vessel  of  glass,  metal, 
or  earthen-ware,  used  in  the  processes  of 
digestion,  distillation,  etc.  Its  shape  is 
usually  ovoid  or  globular. 

M at-r  a «ca ' ri-a.  * German  Chamo- 
mile. The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  flowers  of  Matricaria  cliamo- 
milla. 

Matrice,  m&'tRess'.  The  French  term 
for  Uterus,  which  see. 

Ma'trix,  i 'eis*  [From  piirrjp , a “mo- 
ther.”] The  uterus,  or  womb ; sometimes 
used  almost  synonymously  with  “mo- 
ther.” 

Ma'frix  of  Teetls.  The  formative 
organ  of  a mammalian  tooth,  consisting 
of  a pulp  and  a capsule;  the  former  is 
converted  into  dentine,  the  latter  into 
cement. 

Matter.  See  Pus. 

Ma-tw'raiBS.*  [From  matu'ro , matu - 
r a' turn,  to  “lipen.”]  Literally,  “ripen- 
*319 


MAT 


MED 


ing.”  Having  power  to  ripen,  or  ma- 
ture. Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Maturantia , mat-u-ran'she-a)  to  sub- 
stances which  promote  the  suppuration 
of  tumors. 

Mat-w-ra/tloii.  [Matora'tao.  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  process  succeeding 
to  inflammation,  by  which  pus  or  matter 
is  formed  in  an  abscess. 

Ma^tu'ri-ty.  [ Frommatn'rus , “ripe.”] 
A term  used  in  reference  to  fruits  and 
seeds  which  have  reached  their  full  de- 
velopment. 

Maw'-W or m . The  A s' can’s  vermicu- 
l i'ris,  or  thread- worm;  the  Oxyu'ris  of 
Radolphi. 

Max-il'Ia.*  The  upper  or  lower  jaw. 
See  Maxillary. 

Maxillaire.  See  Maxillary. 

Max'iil-la-ry-  [Maxilla' ris  ; from 
maxiVla , a “jaw.”]  (Fr.  Maxillairc , 
m&k'selTeR'.)  Belonging  to  the  maxilla. 
Applied  by  Owen  especially  to  the  max- 
illa superior. 

Maxillary  Stmis.  See  IIighmori- 
anum  Antrum. 

Max'i-mmm.*  [From  max'imus , the 
superlative  degree  of  may'nus,  “great.”] 
A term  denoting  the  greatest  possible 
quantity  or  effect.  It  is  opposed  to 
minimum , or  the  least  pos  ible ; and  to 
medium , or  the  mean  between  these  ex- 
tremes. 

Mayaceae,*  ma-ya'shc-e.  [From  Ma- 
ya’ca,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small  natu- 
ral order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  marshes  in  America. 

May 'hem.  [Old  Fr.  Mchaiyner,  to 
“hurt.”]  In  English  law,  “the  violently 
depriving  another  of  the  use  of  such  of 
his  members  as  may  render  him  the  less 
able,  in  fighting,  either  to  defend  him- 
self, or  annoy  his  adversary;”  maim, 
hurt,  or  wound. 

Mays.  Sec  Zi:a  Mays. 

May'weed.  The  common  name  of 
the  Anthemis  cotula , a plant  growing 
abundantly  both  in  Europe  and  the 
United  States.  Its  medical  properties 
are  essentially  the  same  as  those  of 
chamomile. 

Ma-zol'o-gy*  That  branch  of  Natu- 
ral History  which  treats  of  mammiferous 
animals.  The  same  as  Mammalogy. 
See  Mammalia. 

Mead.  [Antrlo-Saxon,  Mddu ; San- 
scrit, Medhu .]  The  name  of  a fermented 
liquor  produced  from  water  sweetened 
with  honey. 

M&mTow  C’row'foot.  The  Ranun- 
culus Acris,  which  sec. 

320 


Mead'ow  Saffron.  The  Colchicum 

Autumnale,  which  see. 

Mea'sles.  (Fr.  Rouyeole , roo'zhol'.) 
The  disease  Rubeola,  which  see. 

Me-a'tus.;i:‘  [From  me’o , mea'fum , to 
“go,”  “pass,”  “move.”]  A passage. 
An  opening  leading  to  a canal,  duct,  or 
cavity. 

Mea/tuis  U-rS-Ena'rr-ims.*  (“Urinary 
Passage,  or  Opening.”)  The  orifice  of 
the  urethra. 

Me-cl&aii'i-caJL  [MecBian 'Seims.] 

Belonging  to  Mechanics,  or  to  a ma- 
chine. Applied  to  medicines  which  owe 
their  effect  to  mere  mechanical  properties. 
See  Materia  Medic  a. 

Me-cS&am'ics.  [Lat.  MeeSnaui'ica,  or 
M5©2iana'iee;  Gr.  prjxariKrj,  from  pnxw'i, 
a “machine.”]  The  science  which  treats 
of  forces  and  powers,  and  their  action 
on  bodies  either  directly  or  by  the  inter- 
vention of  machinery.  Theoretical  Me- 
chanics is  divided  into  two  parts.  Statics 
and  Dynamics. 

MecKt'el’s  Gan'gfi-on.  The  spheno- 
palatine ganglion,  discovered  by  Meckel. 

Mec'o-nate.  [Meeo'nas,  a '?/.<?.] 
A combination  of  meconic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Mc-con'lc.  [Mecon'icns ; from 
nfjKojv,  the  “poppy.”]  Belonging  to  the 
poppy.  Applied  to  an  acid  which  forms 
one  of  the  constituents  of  opium. 

Me-con'i-ca.*  [The  plural  neuter 
of  mecon'icus.  See  Meconic.]  Opiates. 

Mec'o-mim,  or  Mec'o-nme.  [Meco'- 
nia;  from  prucoiv,  a “poppy.”]  A white 
substance  found  in  opium. 

Me-co-iM-o-i'des.*  [From  meco'n  i um, 
and  fMoj,  a “form.”]  Resembling  meco- 
nium : meco'nioid. 

Me-co-ni-o-lo'gd-a-*  [From  meco'- 
nium , andXoyof,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise 
on  meconium,  its  nature  and  properties. 

Mc-co-ni-^r-rfiBoe'a.*  [From  meco’- 
nium,  and  pioj,  to  “flow.”]  A morbidly 
increased  discharge  of  meconium. 

Me-co'ni-um.*  [Gr.  priKw,  from  re- 
semblance to  the  inspissated  juice  of  the 
poppy.]  The  dark-green  cxcrementi- 
tious  substance  found  in  the  large  intes- 
tine of  tho  foetus. 

Mec-o-nol  'o-gy . [i/Becoiiiolo'gia ; 

from  ixrjKiov,  the  “poppy,”  and  \4yo$,  a 
“ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  poppy, 
or  on  opium. 

M^dccfin,  m&d'sux0'.  Tho  French 
word  for  Physician,  which  sec. 

M^deeicie.  See  Medicine. 

Mc'dl-a,,*  the  plural  of  Medium. 

Me'dl-an.  [Media'mas ; from  me*- 


MED 


MED 


dins,  the  “middle.”]  In  the  middle; 
between  others  * medial,  or  mesial. 

Me'diani  Ba-siH'ic  Vein.  A branch 
of  the  basilic  vein. 

Me  dian  £e-plial'ic  Veicn.  A branch 
of  the  cephalic  vein. 

Me'dian  Line.  [Lin'ea Media'ma.] 

A vertical  line  supposed  to  divide  the 
body  of  an  animal  into  two  equal  parts, 
the  one  right  and  the  other  left.  Bee 
Mesial. 

Me'dian  Nerve.  The  second  branch 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  descending  the 
inner  part  of  the  arm  along  the  biceps 
muscle. 

Me-dl-a-sti'mtiim.**  [From  me'dlo- 
stans,  “standing  in  the  middle.”]  The 
septum,  or  duplicaturo  of  the  pleura, 
which  divides  the  cavity  of  the  thorax 
into  two  parts;  the  Septum  thoracis. 

Medl-ca,  Ma'lus.*  (“Apple-Tree 
of  Media.”)  The  Limonum  Citrus,  which 
see. 

Med'i-cafl.  [Med'icns;  fvomme'dcor, 
mede'ri,  ovmed'ico,  medica' turn,  to  “cure,” 
“heal,”  or  “treat  with  medicine.”]  Ec- 
longing  to  medicine,  or  the  healing  art; 
also,  pertaining  to  medicines. 

Med'ical  Jw-ris-B&ru 'deuce.  That 
science  which  applies  (he  principles  of 
medicine  to  the  elucidation  of  doubtful 
questions  in  courts  of  justice ; also  termed 
Legal,  or  Forensic,  Medicine. 

Medicamen.  See  Medicament. 

Medl-ca-ment.  [Meclicjmien'tum, 
plural  Medicamen 'ta;  from  med'ico , to 
“heal.”]  A medicine. 

Med-i-ca-men'ta,*  the  plural  of 

Medicamen' turn.  See  Medicament. 

Medicamen'ta  Ar-ca'na.*  (“  Se- 
cret Medicines.”)  Patent  medicines. 

Med'i-cat-ed.  [Medfica'tus;  from 
mecl'ico,  medica' turn,  to  “heal.”]  Having 
the  qualities  of  a medicine. 

Med-i-calrix,  i'ci’s.*  [From  the 
same.]  Healing,  -or  curing.  Always 
joined  with  a feminine  noun:  as,  vis 
medicatrix  (“  healing  power”). 

Med-i-ci'na  Di-je-tetl-ca.*  (“Die- 
tetic Medicine.”)  That  department  of 
medicine  which  especially  regards  the 
regulation  of  diet. 

Medici'na  BM-a-s©s'ti-ea.*  (“Pre- 
serving Medicine.”)  That  branch  of 
medicine  which  treats  of  the  preserva- 
tion of  health. 

Medici ' na  <3^ym-nas'ta-ca.*  (“  Gym- 
nastic Medicine.”)  That  branch  of  medi- 
cine which  resorts  to  exercise,  with  a 
<iew  of  preserving  or  restoring  health. 

Medici ' na  Pro-pSiy  ■ -lac ' tS-ca.  * 


(“Prophylactic,  or  Preventive,  Medi- 
cine.”) That  branch  of  medicine  which 
treats  of  the  means  proper  for  the  pre' 
servation  of  the  health.  See  Prophy- 
lactic. 

Mc-di$'i-nal.  [Medicina'lis;  from 
medici'na,  “medicine.”]  Belonging  to 
medicine. 

Medicinal  Hours.  Those  in  which 
it  is  considered  that  medicines  may  bo 
taken  with  most  advantage ; being  in 
the  morning  (fasting),  an  hour  before 
dinner,  four  hours  after  it,  and  at  bed- 
time. 

Mcd'I-cme.  [Medici'na;  from 

mcd'ico,  to  “ heal.”]  (Fr.  Mcdecine,  m&d'- 
sen'.)  The  science  of  medicine.  Also, 
any  substance  employed  for  its  medicinal 
effects. 

Med'H-cus.*  [From  me'deor , to 
“cure,”  or  “heal.”]  A healer  of  dis- 
eases ; a physician. 

Mediae.  = Medio' crisp*  or  Medio* ever* 
“ Middle-sized.” 

Me-di-o-jjM-ras'si-cns.*  [From  me'- 
dius,  the  “middle,”  and  juras'sicus,  “be- 
longing to  Jura.”]  Applied  to  a group 
of  strata  comprehending  the  intermedi- 
ary oolitic : mcdiojuras'dc. 

Med-I-inl/lt-iim.*  The  diploe  ; also, 
the  medullary  juice  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  short  bones,  and  extremities  of 
the  long  bones. 

Mc'di-mm,*  plural  Me'dl-a.  [From 
me' dins,  the  “middle.”]  The  space  or 
substance  through  which  a moving  body 
passes.  The  middle  place  or  degree. 

IMe-dni'la*#  [From  me' dins,  the 
“middle”?]  The  marrow.  The  pith  or 
pulp  of  vegetables. 

Medulla  Ob-lon-g-a'fia.'^  (Fr.  Me- 
soccphale,  msPzo's&'fal',  or  Moclle  allongee, 
mo'cll'  &ri6NG'zha'.)  The  “ oblong  mar- 
row;” so  called  from  its  shape.  A name 
given  to  that  portion  of  the  brain  which 
lies  within  the  cranium  on  the  basilar 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Mcdut'la  Spi-na'lte.*  The  spinal 
marrow,  or  spinal  cord. 

Med'ul-!a-ry.  [Mcdulla'ris ; from 
medul'la,  “marrow.”]  Belonging  to 
marrow,  or  to  pith. 

Med'ullary  Rays.  The  radiating 
lines  presented  by  a cross-section  of  the 
stem  of  an  exogenous  tree  or  other 
plant. 

Med ' Miliary  Sar-co'ma.  A name 
for  Fungus  ksematocles. 

Me-dullm,  or  Me-dul'Iine.  [Me- 
dnlli'na;  from  medul'la,  “marrow.”] 
A term  applied  to  the  pith  of  plants,  par- 
321 


MED 


MEL 


ticularly  taut  of  the  Helianthus , or  sun- 
flower. 

Me-dul-li'tis,  Iclis.*  [From  medul'la, 
‘•'marrow.”]  The  same  as  Myelitis. 

Meil-ul-lo'sus.*  [From  medul'la , 
“marrow.”]  Resembling  marrow,,  or 
full  ot  marrow,  or  pith. 

Me-du'sa.*  [From  Miilojo-a,  the  name 
of  a fabulous  monster.]  A genus  of  ma- 
rine animals  belonging  to  the  class  Aca- 
lephse,  having  a body  like  amass  of  jelly, 
which  is  phosphorescent  at  night.  It 
excites  irritation,  and  often  inflamma- 
tion, in  any  part  of  the  human  body  with 
which  it  may  come  in  contact. 

Meer'scliaum.  (German  pronun- 
ciation, man'showm.)  “Sea-Foam,”  or 
“Sea-Froth.”  A silicate  of  magnesia,*  a 
greasy,  soapy  substance,  found  in  Asia 
Minor,  also  in  Cornwall  and  other  places 
in  Europe.  When  first  dug  up  it  is  soft, 
has  a greasy  feel,  and  lathers  like  soap; 
and  on  this  aceount  it  is  used  by  the 
Tartars  in  washing  their  linen. — (Dana.) 
T jbacco-pipes  are  made  of  it  in  Turkey 
and  Germany. 

Meg’-a-^epli'a-liis.*  [From  /Aya;, 
“great,”  and  Kzf>a\r\,  the  “head.”]  Ap- 
plied to  plants  that  have  flowers  united 
into  large  heads.  Also  applied  to  ani- 
mals remarkable  for  their  large  heads. 

Meg-a-lan'thus.::  [From  /Ay a;,  or 
peyiXo;,  “ great,”  and  uAj;,  a “ flower.”] 
Having  large  or  ample  flowers. 

Majf-a-lo-ear'pas.*  [From  /Aya?,  or 
fxr./i\>s,  “great,”  and  Kapito;,  “fruit.”] 
H ;ving  large  fruit:  megalocar'pous. 

Mag-a-lo-sau  ras.*  [From  /Aya?,  or 
pryjXo;,  “great,”  and  awlpi;,  a “lizard.”] 
The  name  applied  by  Dr.  Buckland  to 
an  extinct  genus  of  gi  'antic  Saurians, 
found  by  him  in  oolitic  slate  near  Oxford. 
Some  of  them  measure  from  forty  to  fifty 
feet  in  length.  They  partake  of  the 
structure  of  the  crocodile  and  monitor. 

Me^-a-Itt-sper'mus.*  [From  /Aya?, 
or  pzyiXo;,  “ great,”  and  ajtppi,  a “ seed.”] 
Having  large  seeds. 

Me^-a-lo-sple'nl-a.*  [From  /Aya;, 
or  peyiX'Ji,  “great,”  and  czXriv,  the 
“spleen.”]  Enlargement,  or  tumefac- 
tion, of  the  spleen. 

M™al<>t3ieriuaci.  Sec  Megatherium. 
M acanthus.  Sec  Megalanthus. 

Meg’-a-tlieri-imi. [From  /Aya;, 
“great,”  and  O.q pio>,  a “beast.”]  The 
name  given  by  Cuvier  to  a genus  of 
extinct  edentate  quadrupeds,  including 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  terrestrial 
mammalia.  It  is  the  type  of  the  Mega - 
theridse.  or  Megatherioids  of  Owen, 

322 


Me'grim.  [Lat.  Mig*rae'na;  Fr.  MU 

graine,  me'gRen'  or  me'gR&n'.]  A kind 
of  headache,  affecting  one  side  near  the 
eye  or  temple.  See  Hemicrania. 

Mei-bo'mi-an  Glands.  Small 
glands  between  the  conjunctiva  and  tarsal 
cartilages,  discovered  by  Meibomius. 

Mel-o-ste'mo-nous.  [From  psZov, 
“less,”  and  cTtjpoji/,  a “ stamen.”]  Hav- 
ing fewer  stamens  than  pistils. 

Mel,*  gen.  Mel'lis.  [Gr.  /AX:.]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  natne||  of  the  saccharino 
secretion  of  the  A’ pis  melli/'ica , obtained 
from  flowers : honey. 

Mel  A-e're-um,*  Mel 
(“Aerial  Honey,”  “Honey-Dew.”)  Two 
names  for  the  substance  otherwise  called 
Aeromeli  (“Air  Honey”),  cr  manna.  See 
Honey- Dew. 

Mel  Rep-u-ra'tum,*  or  Mel  Ebes- 
pna-nna'tism.*  Clarified  honey. 

Mel  Ro'sse.*  (“Honey  of  Rose,”  or 
“Rose  Honey.”)  A preparation  made 
with  honey  and  rose-leaves.  It  is  as- 
tringent and  detergent. 

Me-lse'na.*  [From  /AXa;,  /AAuro;, 
“black.”]  (Fr.  Melena , ma'ia'nu/,  or 
Melene , mAlen'  or  m&'l&n'.)  A vomit- 
ing of  a concrete,  blackish  blood,  mixed 
with  acid,  or  phlegm : the  black  vomit. 
A form  of  melsena  (called  by  Good  J Tc- 
Isena  chaise' a , “ Bilious  Melscnci ”)  i:i  which 
the  skin  is  of  a very  dark  color,  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Melasicterus,  or  black 
jaundice. 

Melae'na  CEto-Ica'a.*  A name  for 
Icterus  niger  ( Melasic' terus ),  or  black 
jaundice.  See  Melina. 

Mc-lsen'i-ctis.*  Belonging  to  melsena. 

Mei-a-leu'ca.*  [From  /AXa;,  “ black,” 
and  XzjKOi,  “white.”]  A Linn  man  genus 
of  the  class  Pohjadelpliia,  natural  order 
My  rtacese. 

Melaleu'ca  Caj-u-pu'ti,*  or  Mela- 
leu'ca  lA'ii-ca-deia'droEa.*  The  plant 
(U.S.  Ph.)  from  whi<;h  cajcput  oil  is  ob- 
tained. 

Melaleu'ca  Mi 'nor.*  Another  name 
for  the  Melaleuca  Cajcputi. 

Mel-am-po'<li-um.*  [From  Mclam'- 
pu8y  who  first  used  it.]  Another  name 
for  the  IIelleeorus  Niger,  which  see. 

Mel-a-nse'nitt-a.:::  [From /AXa;, pjXuw;, 
“black,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”]  A suffo- 
cative state,  by  which  all  the  blood  in  tko 
body  appears  very  dark  or  black.  Also 
applied  to  a condition,  usually  resulting 
from  chronic  disease,  in  which  the  blood 
contains  a black  pigment  matte1,  floating 
in  it. 

I Me-laii-an-t2ic'rus.*  [From  /AXa;, 


MEL 


MEL 


11  black,”  and  avdrjpos,  an  “anther.”] 
Having  black  anthers. 

Mel-an-eliol'ic.  [Melancliol'i- 
ciis.]  Belonging  to  melancholy. 

Mel'an-chol*y.  [Melaueho'lia ; 

from  pikas,  plkdvos,  “ black,”  and  x°kii, 
“bile,*”  because  supposed  by  the  ancients 
to  proceed  from  black  bile.]  A disease 
characterized  by  gloomy  thoughtfulness, 
ill-grounded  fears,  and  general  depres- 
sion of  mind.  A genus  of  the  order 
Vcsanise,  class  Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. See  Atrabilis. 

M<5Han£.  See  Melanic. 

Mefl-a-neplto-i-dro'sis.*  [From  pikas, 
plkduos,  “ black,”  and  ephidro'sis,  “ mor- 
bid perspiration.”]  Black  ephidrosis,  or 
the  Sudor  Anglicus  nitjer , or  black  Eng- 
lish sweating  fever. 

Me-Uam'ic.  (Fr.  Melanc,  m&'l&'nsP.) 
Pertaining  to  melanoma  or  melanosis. 

Mel-a-mis'iims.*  [From  pikas, 
“black.”]  Black  jaundice.  See  Mel- 
asicterus,  and  Melina. 

Mefl-a-mo-car-^S-Eto'ma  , sit  is  * 

[From  pikas,  “ black,”  and  carcino'ma , 
“cancer.”]  Black  cancer.  The  same 
as  Melanoma,  which  see. 

MeS-a-mo-ear'ptis.*  [From  plk  as, 
pika  jo?,  “ black,”  and  nap-nos,  “ fruit.”] 
Having  black  fruit. 

IHcl-a-noe-do'iEiia,  a,/ is.*  [From  pikas, 
plktluos,  “black,”  and  cede'ma,  a “swell- 
ing.”] Black  oedema,  or  melanosis,  of 
the  lungs. 

Mel-a-no'ma,  a tis*  [From  pzkavou, 
to  “grow  black.”]  (Fr . Dcgcneresccnce 
Noir,  da'zha'nAres'sbxss'  nwau.)  A dis- 
ease in  which  there  are  dark  soot-colored 
tubercles  under  the  integuments  and  in 
the  viscera:  black  cancer. 

[From 

p'kas,  “black,”  and  dpOakpos,  the  “eye.”] 
Melanoma  cf  the  eye. 

MeS-a-m^-pHiy'ma,  sails  * [From 
pikas,  “ black,”  and  */>.  pa,  a “ tuber.”]  A 
term  applied  to  the  Scca'le  cornu' turn. 

Mel-a-nop'i-per,  evis*  [From 

pika;,  “black,”  and  nlncpi,  “pepper.”] 
The  Piper  nigrum,  or  black  pepper. 

'gS-sw*  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  pr.ywpi,  to  “break  forth.”] 
The  same  as  Mela:na,  which  see. 

M<8l-a-aa©-&eiF'FEnu!S.':::*  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  cnlfpos,  a “tumor.”]  The 
same  as  Melanoma,  which  sec. 

Mel-a-iic/sss.*  [From  pikas,  “black.”] 
The  progress  of  melanoma. 

Mel-a-ito-sper'miEis.**  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  cnlppa,  “seed.”]  Having 
black  seed  or  fruit. 


Mel-a-uos'to-mus.:!:  The  same  as 
Melastomus,  which  see. 

Mela-no-sypli-i-lore-pis,  id  is* 

[From  pikas,  “ black,”  syph' ilis,  andX£7r(V, 
a “ scale.”]  A term  for  a black  syphilivic 
scaly  eruption. 

Meha-iio-than  'a-tos,i:  or  Mel-n- 
no-than'a-tus.*  [From  pikas,  “ black,” 
and  Oavaros,  “ death.”]  An  epidemic  dis- 
ease of  the  middle  ages.  See  Black 
Death. 

Mol-a-not'ic.  [Melanot'icns.] 

Belonging  to  melanosis. 

Mclaiiourin.  See  Melanurin. 

Melantliacese,*  mel-an-tha'she-e. 
[From  Melan' thium,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  plants, 
found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Few  orders  of  plants  are  more  univer- 
sally poisonous  than  this,  whose  quali- 
ties are  indicated  by  Co/chicum  and 
Veratrum  (White  Hellebore). 

Mel-an-ttie'rus.*  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  dvOrjpos,  an  “anther.”] 
Having  black,  or  blackish,  anthers. 

Ulel-a-nu'riii.  [Melamiri'na:  from 
pikas,  “black,”  and  ovpou,  the  “urine.”] 
A new  substance,  in  the  form  of  a black 
pigment,  found  sometimes  in  urine. 

Mel-a-sic'ter-us.*  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  iktc(.os,  the  “jaundice.”] 
Black  jaundice.  See  Melina. 

Ule-las'ma.*  [From  pikas,  “black.”] 
A black  ecchymosis,  occurring  chiefly  in 
old  people. 

Melastomaceay*  me-las-to-ma'- 
she-e,  or  Me-las'lo-ntse.*  [From  Me- 
las'toma,  one  of  the  genera.]  A large 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  na- 
tives of  the  tropical  and  temperate  parts 
of  America.  It  includes  some  species 
whose  fruit  is  eatable. 

Me-las'lo-mse.*  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
Melastomacea:. 

Me-las'to-iiiii§.?5  [From  pikas, 
“black,”  and  orepa,  a “mouth.”]  Hav- 
ing a black  mouth. 

Milena,  or  Melene.  See  Mela:na. 

Meleze,  m&'Iez'  or  irA'l^z'.  The 
French  name  for  “larch.”  See  Pinus 
Larix. 

Me'la.*  [Gr.  ptki,  “honey.”]  See  Mel. 

Meliaceae,*  me-le-a'she-e.  [From 
Me' Ha,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs,  na- 
tives of  tropical  Asia  and  America. 
Bitter  astringent  and  tonic  qualities  be- 
long to  the  species  of  this  order.  Some 
of  them  are  purgatives  and  emetics. 

Me'Ii-ay*  the  plural  of  Melia,  form- 
323 


MEL 


MEM 


ing  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural  or- 
der of  plants.  See  Meliaceje. 

' ra-a,*  M<?!-i- 

$e'ris,  i clis.%  [From  ntXi,  “honey,” 
and  K-ipog,  “wax.”]  An  encysted  tumor, 
the  contents  of  which  arc  of  the  consis- 
tencj  and  appearance  of  h ncy. 

I/Iel-I-ce'roES.  [MeMce'rms.]  Be- 
longing to  mclicera. 

[From  peXi, 
“honey,”  and  $v\\o:>,  a “loaf.”]  A 
name  for  the  Metis'  sa  cjjicina'  Us. 

Me-lis'sa.*  [Gr.  fXiacra,  a “bee.”] 
A Linnsean  genus  of  plants  of  the  class 
Dichjnamia , natural  order  Labiatse.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopceial  name  (Ed.  and  U.S. 
Ph.)  {ox  Melissa  officinal  is;  (Dub.  Ph.)  the 
Mel  issue  officinalis  folia , cr  balm-leaves. 

Melis'sa  Cit/ra-msu*  A name  for 
Melissa  officinalis. 

Melas'sa  ©f-0<£-a-ma'las.*  The  herb 
balm. 

Mel-a-t»'ma-a,*  or  Mel-2- tii»'mi-a.* 

[From  ffiXi,  “honey,”  and  aipa,  “blood.”] 
The  presence  of  sugar  in  the  blood. 

Me-flat'a-gra.*  [Etymology  uncer- 
tain.] (Fr.  Meliiagrc , nuVle'tagii'.)  A 
name  for  Impetigo.  Also,  pain  of  the 
limbs,  arthritic  or  rheumatic  (?) 

Mel-a-tu'ra-a.*  [From  fXi,  “honey,” 
and  ovpov,  the  “urine.”]  The  same  as 
Diabetes  Mellitus.  Sec  Diabetes. 

Mel-la'g*©,*  gen.  Mel-2a£'a-aais. 
[From  mely  “honey.”]  Any  medicine 
having  the  consistence  of  honey. 

Mel-lif  er-©&as.  [Mellif'erus;  from 
mely  “ honey,”  and  fc'roy  to  “ bear.”] 
Producing  honey. 

Mel-lif  I-cais.*  [From  me?,  “honey,” 
and  fa'cioy  to  “make.”]  Making  honey,* 
meliif'ic.  In  the  feminine  singular  it 
forms  the  specific  name  of  the  common 
honey-bee  ( A’ pis  mellif'ica). 

Mel-li'tum,* plural  Mel-M'ta.  [From 
melli'tus. ] A preparation  of  honey. 

Mel-1! 'tus.-  [From  mel,  “honey.”] 
Mixed  with  honey:  mellitous. 

Mel' Son.  A new  radical  substance 
obtained  from  the  precipitate  formed  by 
the  action  of  chlorine  on  a solution  of 
sulpho-cyanide  of  potassium. 

Mel'o-e.*  [From  p Asa,  an  “apple- 
tree.”]  A genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 

Meloe  Yesicatorins.  Sec  Cantiia- 
ris;  see  also  note  on  page  G80. 

Me-lou'cus.*  [From  prjXov,  an 
“apple,”  also,  the  “cheek,”  and  dyxog,  a 
“tumor.”]  A tumor  of  the  cheek. 

Mel-o-trid'y-nms.*  [From  /dXo;,  a 
“limb,”  and  rpMyia?,  “threefold.”]  A 
monster-foetus  with  threefold  limbs. 

321 


Mem'bira,*  gen.  Mem-bro'ruiu. 
The  plural  of  Membrum,  which  see. 

Meni-bra'na,i;  plural  Meni-bra'na*. 
The  Latin  term  for  Membrane,  which  see. 

Membrana  Conjunctiva.  See 
Conjunctiva. 

Membra  na  Cor-ti-ca'lis.*  (“Cor- 
tical Membrane.”)  The  external  trans- 
parent coat  of  the  ovum  of  mammalia 
before  the  formation  of  the  embryo. 

Membrana  Beculua.  See  Tunica 
Decidua  Uteri. 

Membra'ita  llcn-ta'ta.:;:  (“Den- 
tate, or  Serrated,  Membrane.”)  A process 
between  the  tunica  arachnoid ea  and  the 
pia  mater.  It  sends  otf  a number  of 
slender  tooth-like  processes,  from  which 
it  derives  its  name. 

Membrana  ^er-mim-a-ti'va.* 
(The  “Germinal  Membrane.”)  A term 
sometimes  applied  to  the  earliest  develop- 
ment of  the  germ  in  fishes  and  the  Am- 
phibia. 

Meiu-bra'wa  Ja-co'bi,*  or  Tu'ul- 
ea  Jaeo'bi.*  (“Jacob’s  Membrane,  or 
Tunic.”)  [Named  from  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin,  its  describes]  An  extiemely  deli- 
cate serous  membrane  interposed  between 
the  retina  and  the  choroid  coat. 

Membra  na  Nieti-tans.*  (“Nic- 
titating Membrane.”)  A thin  membrane 
forming  a kind  of  third  eyelid,  found  in 
certain  birds,  at  the  inner  coiner  of  the 
eye.  It  can  be  extended  over  the  eye  so 
as  to  protect  it  without  obstructing  the 
vision. 

Membrana  Riiyschiaiia.  See 

It u ys ch  1 a n a Membrana. 

Membrana  Sclineideriana.  See 

Schneiderian  Membrane. 

Membrana  &e-rot'I-iia.*  (The 
“Late,  or  Later,  Membrane.”)  [See  Se- 
rotinus.] That  porticn  of  the  Mem- 
brana decidua  rejicsea , which  is  formed 
later  than  the  rest. 

Mem-bra-na  eceus.  [ Mcinbrana'- 
ceus;  from  membra'ua,  a “membrane.”] 
Of  the  nature  of  membrane. 

Meni-bra'nay*  gen.  Mein-bra-aia'- 
ruin,  the  plural  of  Membra  Ha.  See 
Membrane. 

Mein'branc.  [Membrana.]  A 

skin-like  tissue  composed  of  interwoven 
fibres,  used  to  cover  some  part  of  the 
body,  and  sometimes  forming  a secreting 
surface.  The  simple  membranes  are  di- 
vided into  three  kinds,  mucous , serous , and 
fibrous.  1.  Mucous  membranes  investing 
or  lining  caviti<  s and  canals  which  com- 
municate with  the  external  air;  as  the 
mouth,  the  nose,  etc.  2.  Serous  mem- 


MEM 


MEN 


branes  lining  cavities  -which  have  no 
external  communication,  such  as  the 
cavity  of  the  pleura  and  the  cavity 
containing  the  intestines.  They  have  a 
smooth,  glossy  surface,  from  which  ex- 
udes a transparent  serous  fluid  that  gives 
to  them  their  name.  When  this  fluid  is 
secreted  in  excess,  dropsy  of  those  parts 
is  the  result.  3.  Fibrous  membranes  of  va- 
rious forms  constitute  capsules,  sheaths, 
aponeuroses,  etc. 

Mem-foraii-i-fo'll-iis.*  [From  mem- 
bra'na,  a “membrane/’  and  f o' Hum,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  foliaceous  membra- 
nous expansions. 

Mein-bran  'i-foi’in.  [Mctnbrani- 
for'iiiis;  from  membra' na,  a “mem- 
brane.”] Formed  like  membrane. 

MeBBa-t>raBB-«-i'<le&.::*  [From  mem- 
bra'na,  a “ membrane,”  and  eicog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  membrane. 

Mem-bra-nolo-gy.  [Meinbrano- 
lo'gia;  from  membra' na,  a “membrane,” 
and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”]  The  science 
of  the  membranes,  their  nature,  quality, 
and  use. 

Mem'bra-nous.  [Membrano'- 
sus;  from  membra' na,  a “membrane.”] 
Composed  of  membrane;  resembling 
membrane. 

Mem-bran  '11-la,*  or  Meaia-taraai'ti- 

lum.*  [Diminutive  of  membra' na,  a 
“ membrane.”]  A little  membrane : a 
mem'branule. 

Meinbre.  See  Mem  brum. 

Mem 'brum/-  plural  Mem'bra.  ( F r. 
Membre,  moMbit.)  A member,  cr  limb. 

Mem'brum  Va-ri'le.*  The  male 
organ  of  generation.  See  Penis. 

Memory,  ILoss  of.  Sec  Amnesia. 

Me-nin'ge-al.  [Meniia'^ews;  from 
p rjyiy^,  a “membrane.”]  (Fr.  Meninge, 
mAna.N°'zhi'.)  Belonging  to  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain. 

Me-aaiEa'ges,*  the  plural  of  Meninx, 
which  see. 

Me-nin-gi-i'tis,  id  is*  [F  rom  menin'- 
giond]  Inflammation  of  the  menhujium. 

Me-niia'gi-on,*  or 

[Diminutive  of  fjrjviy%,  a “membrane.”] 
The  arachnoid  membrane. 

Men-in-gi'tis,  i clis.%  [From  j ui1viy%, 
a “membrane.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
membranes  of  the  brain. 

Mem-aai-go'sis.*  [From  nj  viy%,  a 
“ membrane.”]  A variety  of  Syndesmo- 
sis, consisting  in  the  union  of  osseous 
pieces  by  membrane,  as  in  the  cranial 
bones  of  the  foetus. 

Men-sn-gtt'ri-a/  [From  pnviy%,  a 
^membrane,”  and  vvpoy,  the  “urine.” 

28* 


The  passing  of  urine  containing  mcm~ 
branous  shreds. 

Me'ninx,* plural Me-nin'&e&.  [Froii 
[xrimyZ,  a “membrane.”]  A membrane 
of  the  brain.  Used  by  Chaussier  specially 
for  the  dura  mater. 

Me-nis'couf.  [Meniscoi'des,  ok 
MoBBiscoi'cleus ; from  prjvioKOg,  a “ cres- 
cent,” and  eltog,  a “form,”  or  “resem- 
blance.”] Resembling  a crescent;  also, 
shaped  like  a concavo-convex  lens. 

Me-iais'cias.*  [Gr.  pwioKog,  a “cres- 
cent.”] Applied  to  a crescent-shaped 
cartilage  between  the  joints:  also,  to  a 
lens  convex  on  one  side  and  concave  on 
the  other. 

MeBaispermaceay*  mcn-is-pcr-ma'- 
she-e,  or  Men-i-sper'me-jr.;ii  A ratu- 
ral  order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  found  in 
tropical  Asia  and  America.  It  includes 
Menisper'mum,  and  Coeculus  Jndicus. 
Active  narcotic  and  bitter  qualities  pre- 
vail among  the  species  of  this  order,  ti  e 
former  in  excess  rendering  them  poison- 
ous, the  latter  causing  them  to  be  valu- 
able tonics. 

MeBi-i-speB’-ma'cecus.  [Mcni- 
spernia'ceiBs.]  Resembling  the  Udeni- 
spermum.  Applied  to  an  order  of  plants. 
See  Menispermace^e. 

Men  -l-spcr'mate.  [Men  f sp  or 

lisas,  si'tis.]  A combination  of  meni- 
spermic  acid  with  a base. 

Meai-i-speB^'me-iP.*  [The  feminine 
plural  of  Menuper'meus.  The  same  as 
Menispermaceus.]  The  Jussleuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Meni- 

SPERMACE-E. 

Men-a-sper'iEie.  [Meiiisjier'iiii- 
cbis.]  Belonging  to  the  Menispo  mum 
cocculus.  Applied  to  an  acid. 

Men-i-sper'm u bbb.*  [From  prjvri,  the 
“moon,”  and  oTreppa,  a “seed;”  so  named 
because  the  seeds  of  some  of  the  species 
are  shaped  like  a half-moon.]  “Moon- 
Seed.”  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Dicecia,  natural  order  Menispermacese. 

MeBiasjper  ebb  uni  Coc  cii-lns.*  The 
moon-seed  plant,  the  berries  of  which 
are  called  Cocculus  Indicus. 

Mesaisper  'smun  Pa  1-bib  a ' t w na  .* 

The  Cocculus  palmatu8. 

MeiB-o-braiB-eln'i-se,  a 'rum*  [From 
pci/co,  to  “remain,”  and  PpayXia,  the  “gills 
of  a fish.”]  The  abiding  or  permanent 
respiratory  apparatus  of  amphibious  ani- 
mals. See  Menopomatia. 

MeBB-o-lip'sis.*  [From  prjveg,  the 
“menses,”  and  \uiptg,  a “failing.”]  A 
term  for  the  failing,  cessation,  or  reten- 
tion of  the  catamenia . 


325 


MEN 


MEN 


M en-o-pau'sis.*  [From  pnvsg,  the 
“menses,”  and  n av<ng,  a “cessation.”] 
A cessation  of  the  menses. 

Men-o-pla'ni-a.*  [From  //> iveg,  the 
“ menses,”  and  nha^rj,  a “ deviation.”]  A 
discharge  of  blood,  at  the  catamenial 
period,  from  some  other  part  of  the  body 
than  the  womb:  an  aberration  of  the 
menstrual  flow. 

Menapomatia,*  men-o-po-ma'she-a. 
[From  //ivco,  to  “remain,”  and  mopiTioj,  a 
“ lid.”]  The  operculum , or  lid  of  the 
respiratory  apparatus  of  amphibious  ani- 
mals. 

Men-or-rha'gi-a.^  [From  pdives,  the 
“menses,”  and  prjyrjpi,  to  “burst  forth.’  ] 
Immoderate  flowing  of  the  catamenia,  or 
menses,  or  of  blood  from  the  uterus; 
men'orrhagy.  A genus  of  the  order 
Hxmorrhag ias,  class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Meuorrha'gia  Al'ba.*  (“White 
Menorrhagy.”)  The  same  as  Leucor- 
rhce  a,  which  see. 

Menorrlia'gfia  Lo-€hi-a'lis.i:  An 

excessive  flow  of  the  lochia. 

ill  en-or-rhagic.  [Menorrhag'i- 

cim ; from  menorrha'gia.]  Belonging  to 
menorrhagia. 

Men-os-ta'si-a,*  or  Me-fiios'ta-sis.* 

[From  [inn;,  the  “ menses,”  and  crdaig,  a 
“ standing.”]  Suppression  of  the  cata- 
menia. 

Men-ox-e'ni-a.*  [From  prjveg,  the 
“menses,”  and  £wog,  “ strange.”]  Irre- 
gular menstruation. 

Man-V  gen.  Men'tis.  [From  piJOg, 
“courage,”  “strength,”  or  “power.”] 
The  Latin  term  for  Mind,  which  see. 

Men'ses,*  gen.  Mensium,  men'- 
she-um.  [The  plural  of  men' sis,  a 
“month.”]  (Fr.  Limes,  liin.)  The  peri- 
odical monthly  discharge  from  the  uterus; 
the  catame'nia. 

Menses,  Immoderate  Flow  of. 

See  Menorrhagia. 

Menves,  Obstruction  of.  See  Ame- 

NO  UR  IKE  A. 

Menses,  Retention  of.  See  Chlo- 
rosis, Emansio  Mensium,  Menolipsis. 

Menses,  Suppression  of.  See 
Amhnorrhoea,  Menostasia. 

Mensium,^  men'she-um,  the  genitive 
of  Menses,  which  see. 

Men'stru-a,*  the  plural  of  Men- 
struum, which  see. 

Men'stru-al.  [Menstrua'lis;  from 
men' sen.]  (Fr.  Menstrual,  mbNa'stRii'el'.) 
Belonging  to  the  catamenia. 

Men-stru-a'tion.  |Menstrua'(io, 
&nis  ; from  the  same.]  Thj  monthly 
32C 


periods  of  the  discharge  of  a red  fluid 
from  the  uterus;  the  function  of  men- 
struating. 

Menstruation,  DiMcult.  See 

Dysmenorrhcea. 

Menstruel.  See  Menstrual. 

Men'stru-uan.*  [Said  to  be  derived 
from  men' sis,  a “ month,”  because  for- 
merly the  menstruum  was  continued  in 
action  for  a month.]  A liquid  used  to 
dissolve,  or  extract  the  virtues  of,  ingre- 
dients by  infusion,  decoction,  etc.;  a 
solvent.  The  plural  ( menstrua ) is  used 
for  the  Menses. 

Men-su-ra/tion.  [Mcnsura'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  mensu'ro , mensura'tum,  to 
“ measure.”]  The  act  or  process  of 
measuring  the  thorax,  abdomen,  etc. 

Men'ta.*  A name  for  the  Membrum 
virile  ; also  called  Mentula. 

Men'ta-gra.;:  [From  men' turn,  the 
“chin,”  and  uypa,  a “seizure.”]  A 
herpetic  eruption  about  the  chin,  form- 
ing a tenacious  crust  like  that  on  a scald 
head ; the  same  as  Sycosis. 

Men'tal.  [Menta'lis;  from  mens, 
men'tis,  the  “mind.”].  Pertaining  to 
the  mind. 

Men'tal.  [Menta'lis;  from  men 
turn,  the  “chin.”]  An  anatomical  term, 
signifying  belonging  to  the  chin. 

Men'tha.*  [From  Min' the,  a daugh- 
ter of  Cocytus,  fabled  to  have  been 
changed  into  the  herb.]  A Linnman 
genus  of  the  class  Didynamia,  natural 
order  Labiatse. 

Men'tEfia  Pip-e-ri'ta.*  (Fr.  Menthe 
poivree,  moxt  pwd'vui'.)  Peppermint. 
The  Pharmaeopceial  name  for  the  pep- 
permint herb. 

Men'tEiia  Pu-le  gi-um.*  (Fr.  Pou- 
liot,  poo'le-o'.)  The  plant  pennyroyal; 
used  as  carminative,  emmenagogue,  and 
stomachic. 

Men 'tin  a Sa-ti'va,*  Mentha  SpL 
ca'ta,*  Mem'tfina  \lir'i-dis,;:  Men  tha 
Vul  -gu/ris.*'  (Fr.  Menthe  vertc , moxt 
vent,  or  Menthe  sauvage , moxt  so'v&zh'.) 
Various  names  for  spearmint.  Mentha 
viridis  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

Menthe.  See  Mentha. 

Men-ti'go,  fa'inis*  [From  men' turn, 
the  “chin.”]  The  samo  as  Mentagra. 

Men'tu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  men'ta.] 
The  membrum  virile,  or  penis;  tho  samo 
as  Menta.  Formerly  applied  to  tho 
clitoris. 

Men'tum.^  Tho  chin.  Applied  to 
the  lower  and  solid  part  of  the  proper 

labium. 

Me-ny-an 'theft.**  [From  /iq.-wo,  to 


MEN 


MER 


“reveal,”  to  “show,”  and  avQoq,  a “flow- 
er;” because  its  flowers  reveal  the  marshy 
or  swampy  character  of  the  ground  on 
which  they  grow. — (Wittstein.)]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria, 
natural  order  Gentianacese.  Also,  the 
Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the  leaves  of 
Menyan'thes  trifolia' ta  ; the  Menyan'  this 
tri folia' tee  fo'lia  (of  the  Dub.  Ph.). 

Menyan 'thes  Tri-fo-li-a'ta.*  The 
trefoil,  bog-bean,  or  buck-bean. 

Me-ny-an ' tfiiin . [Menyan tBiii ' na. ] 
A starch-like  substance  obtained  from 
the  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

Me-phit'ic.  [Meplltit/icus ; from 
mepjhi'tis,  a “ stench.”]  Having  a foul, 
heavy,  poisonous  smell  or  vapor. 

Me-plii'tis.*  (Latin  word  for  a foul 
or  sulphurous  smell.)  A foul,  noxious, 
or  poisonous  exhalation. 

Mer=cap'taaB.*  [From  Mercu'rius, 
“Mercury,”  and  cap' to,  to  “seize,”  or 
“seize  upon.”]  A liquid  of  an  ethereal 
character,  named  from  its  energetic 
action  on  peroxide  of  mercury.  It  is 
alcohol  in  which  the  oxygen  is  replaced 
by  sulphur. 

Mercnre,  meR'kiir/.  The  French 
term  for  Mercury,  which  see. 

Mer-cai'ri-al.  [Mercnria'SSs ; from 
Mercu'rius,  “Mercury.”]  Consisting  of 
or  belonging  to  mercury,  or  quicksilver ; 
also,  sprightly,  spirited. 

Mercia  rial  ISaisam.  A term  for 
Citrine  Ointment,  which  see. 

Mercurial  Ointment.  See  Un- 
guentum  Hydrargyri. 

Mereai'rial  Tre'nmr.  A disorder 
affecting  those  employed  in  trades  or 
occupations  which  expose  them  to  mer- 
curial vapors,  consisting  in  convulsive 
agitation  of  the  voluntary  muscles  when 
in  exercise.  Popularly,  the  Trembles. 

Mer-en'ri-cns.--  [From  Mercu'  rius, 
“Mercury.”]  Belonging  to  mercury. 

Mer-cn'ri-ns.*  (The  heathen  god 
“Mercury.”  The  name  of  a planet.) 
Applied  in  Chemistry  to  the  metal  quick- 
silver. See  Hydrargyrum,  and  Mer- 
cury. 

Mercn'rims  €®r-r©-si'vns.*  (“Cor- 
rosive Mercury.”)  A name  for  corro- 
sive sublimate.  See  Hydrargyri 
Chloridum  Corrosivum. 

Mercn'rios  Corrosi'vus  Rat'bes*.^ 
(“Red  Corrosive  Mercury.”)  See  IIy- 
drargyri Oxidum  Rubrum. 

Mercn'rieis  IHil'cis  Saib-ll-ma'- 
tns.':;-  (“Sublimated  Sweet  Mercury.”) 
A name  for  calomel.  See  Hydrargyri 
Chloridum  Mite. 


Mercn'ritrs  Prse-cip-bta  tns  Ar- 
bus.* (“  White  Precipitated  Mercury.”) 
A name  for  calomel. 

Mercu'rius  Frsecipita'tus  Ru- 

ber.*  (“  Red  Precipitated  Mercury.”) 
See  Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Rubrum. 

Mer'cu-ry.  [From  Mercu'rius,  the 
Latin  name  of  the  god  Hermes ; ap- 
plied to  quicksilver  on  account  of  its 
mobility  and  volatility;  Fr.  Mercure , 
meR'kuR'.]  Hydrai  (jyrum.  A metal 
which  is  always  fluid  above  a tempera- 
ture of  about  40°  below  zero.  Its  sj  e- 
cific  gravity  is  13.5.  It  is  the  only 
metal  which  is  liquid  at  common  tem- 
peratures. It  boils  at  6C0°  of  Fahren- 
heit, and  its  vapor  condenses  on  cool 
surfaces  in  minute  brilliant  globules. 
For  the  compounds  of  mercury,  see  Hy- 
drargyrum, Hydrargyri,  e!c. 

Mer'I-carp.  [Meriear'piiuu ; from 
pzpig,  a “portion,”  and  Kap nng,  “fruit.”] 
Half  a cremocarp ; applied  to  each  of  the 
two  portions  of  fruit  of  the  UmbeUiferve. 

Mer-i-di-al'y-sis.*  [From  pipog,  a 
“part,”  and  dial'ysis,  a “dissolving.”] 
A partial  cr  incomplete  solution  of  a 
substance. 

Me-rad'S-an.  [Meridia'num ; from 

me'diiis , “middle,”  and  di’es , a “day;” 
the  d being  changed  to  r fer  the  sake  of 
euphony.  See  Meridies.]  Literally, 
“belonging  to  mid-day,  or  noon.”  In 
Astronomy,  a great  circle  of  the  sphere, 
passing  through  the  earth’s  axis  and  the 
zenith  of  the  spectator.  In  Geography, 
a meridian  is  a great  circle  (or  rather 
ellipse)  passing  through  the  poles  of  the 
earth,  and  crossing  the  equator  at  right 
angles.  A particular  meridian  (some- 
times one  and  sometimes  another,  accord- 
ing to  the  usage  of  different  nations)  is 
fixed  upon,  from  which  to  reckon  longi- 
tude. 

Me-rM'J-es.*  [See  Meridian.]  A 
Latin  word  signifying  “mid-day,”  or 
“noon;”  also,  the  “south.” 

Me-rid  i-o-nal.  [MerMiona'lis ; 
from  merid'ies , “noon,”  the  “south.”] 
That  which  is  situated  on  a line  to  the 
south  in  respect  to  the  place  spoken  of ; 
southern. 

Meir-I-dFo'sES.-  [From  pepig,  a “ por- 
tion,” and  'dp  g,  “ sweat.”]  Perspiration 
occurring  in  a particular  part. 

Mer-is-mal'le.  [From  pepig,  a 

“part.”]  In  Botany,  signifies  dividing 
into  parts.— (Gray.) 

Mer'i-thall.  [Meritlaal'Eiis;  from 
ptpiq,  a “part,”  and  OaWog,  a “branch.”] 
A name  for  an  internode  of  plants. 

327 


MER 


MES 


Mer'o-^ele.*  [From  pvpog,  the 

u thigh,”  and  KfiXrj,  a “tumor.”]  Femo- 
ral hernia. 

Mer-o-^ell-cus.5,  Belonging  to 

merocele. 

Me-ro'pi-a.:!:  [From  pzpoq,  a “part,” 
and  (Zip,  “ vision.”]  Partial  dulness  or 
obscuration  of  sight. 

Me-rop'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  mero- 
pia. 

Me'rns.*  Pure;  unmixed.  Applied 
to  wine. 

Mesembryaceae,*  me-sem-bre-a'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous, 
succulent  plants,  mostly  found  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  It  includes  the 
Mesembryan' themum  (“  Ice-Plant”). 

Me-seii-se-pfial'ic.  [Mesemce- 
plial'iciis;  from  pzaog,  the  “middle,” 
and  iy<s(J)a\ov,  the  “brain.”]  Situated 
over  the  middle  portion  of  the  contents 
of  the  head. 

Mes-en-^epli'a-lum.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  middle  or  centre  of  the 
brain. 

Mesentfcre.  See  Mesentery. 

Mes-eii-ter-em-f>3srax'is.*  [From 
pzaevTtpiov,  the  “ mesentery,”  and  zpppa^ig, 
a “ stoppage.”]  Obstruction  of  the 
mesentery. 

Jles-en-ter'ic.  [Mesenter'icaus.] 

Belonging  to  the  mesentery. 

Mes-en-te-rit'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 

men  enteritis. 

Me-sen-te-ri'tis,  idis*  or  Me-sena- 

te-ri-i'tis,  idis*  [From  mesente'rium, 
the  “ mesentery.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
mesentery. 

Me-sen-te-roph'tlii-sjs.*  [From 
pzozvrzpioy,  the  “ mesentery,”  and  <p6taig,  a 
“wasting.”]  Ta’bes  mesenter'ica,  or  a 
wasting  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Mes'en-ter-y.  [Mesente'rium ; 
from  pzaog,  the  “ middle,”  and  zvrzpov,  the 
“ intestine.”]  (Fr.  Mesentere,  mAzoN°'- 
teit\)  The  largest  process  of  the  peri- 
tonaeum, to  which  the  jejunum  and  ileum 
intestines  are  attached. 

JIes'I-al.  [From  pzaog,  the  “ middle.”] 
Synonymous  with  Median. 

Ules'ial  Line,  otherwise  called  3Ie'- 
<ll-an  Line.  An  imaginary  line  di- 
viding the  body  perpendicularly  into 
two  symmetrical  portions.  See  Median. 

Jles'jiier-ism.  A theory  or  system 
invented  or  revived  by  F.  A.  Mosmer, 
about  the  year  1776,  referring  all  phe- 
nomena of  life  to  a magnetic  fluid  uni- 
versally diffused;  which  fluid  is  influ- 
enced, it  is  alleged,  by  external  agents, 
especially  by  certain  individuals  pccu- 
328 


liarly,  or  pre-eminently,  endowed  with 
magnetic  power. 

Mes'mer-o-Plire-iiol'o-gy.  The 

application  of  Mesmerism  to  Phrenology. 
It  is  alleged  by  the  believers  in  Animal 
Magnetism,  that,  if  mesmeric  manipula- 
tions be  directed  to  any  phrenological 
organ,  the  particular  faculty,  or  propen- 
sity, proper  to  that  organ,  will  be  called 
into  active  exercise. 

Mes-o-brancb'i-ws.*  [From  pzaog, 
the  “ middle,”  and  (ipay\ia , the  “ gills.”] 
Applied  in  the  plural  neuter  {Mesobran’ - 
chia)  to  an  order  of  the  Anellata,  com- 
prehending those  of  which  the  branchiae 
occupy  the  middle  of  the  body,  or  extend 
from  this  point  almost  to  the  posterior 
extremity : mesobranchious. 

[From  pzaog,  the 
“middle,”  and  cse'cum .]  A process  of 
the  peritonaeum  to  which  the  caecum  is 
attached. 

Meso-carp.  [Mesocar'fMumi,  or 
Mesocar'pats ; from  pzaog,  the  “mid- 
dle,” and  Kapxog,  “fruit.”]  The  middle 
layer  of  a fruit  or  pericarp. 

Mes-o-^epEu'a-loEi.::-  [From  pzaog,  the 
“middle,”  and  KepdXrj,  the  “head.”]  See 
Pons  Varolii. 

Mes-o-eo'lon.*  [From  pzaog,  the 
“middle,”  and  ku>\ov,  the  “colon  intes- 
tine.”] A process  of  the  peritonaeum  to 
which  the  colon  is  attached. 

Mes-o-der'Etmiti.*  [From  pzaog,  the 
“ middle,”  and  dzppa , the  skin.”]  The 
llete  Ma  Ipicjli  i i. 

Me-sod'me.^  [From  pzaog,  the  “mid- 
dle,” and  dopog,  a “ house.”]  The  medi- 
astinum. 

Mes-od-iEEn'tis,  idis.%  [From  me- 
sod'me .]  Inflammation  of  the  media- 
stinum. 

Mcs-o-g,as'trie.  [Jlesogas'tricws ; 

from  pzaog , the  “middle,”  and  yaar'ip,  the 
“belly.”]  Belonging  to  the  middle  of 
the  stomach,  or  belly. 

Mes-o-gas'trl-tiin.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  umbilical  region,  or  middle 
portion  of  the  abdomen. 

Me-solo-bus.®  [From  pzaog,  “mid- 
dle,” or  “between,”  and  \o*jcg,  a “lobe;” 
because  situated  between  the  lubes  (hemi- 
spheres) of  tho  brain.]  The  Corpus 
callosum. 

Mes-o-me'trl'Um.'1-'  [From  pzaog, 
the  “ middle,”  and  p'rrpa,  tho  “womb.”] 
A cellular  vascular  membrane,  between 
the  body  of  tho  uterus  and  adjacent 
parts. 

Mes-o-phlw'nm.^  [From  pzaog,  tho 
“ middle,”  and  <p\oiog,  “bark.”]  That 


MET 


MEG 

portion  of  tlio  bark  of  plants  which  is 
between  the  ejtiphloeum,  or  outer  bark, 
a:id  the  liber , cr  inner  bark. 

Mes-o-pBuyl'ltuim.'*  [From  pcaog,  tlio 
“middle,”  and  ^vWoj,  a “leaf/’]  The 
parenohyma  of  a leaf  between  the  skin 
cf  the  two  surfaces. 

Me-sopfii'y-tmira.*'  [From  pbog,  the 
“middle/'  and  to:>,  a “plant.”]  The 
vital  knot  in  plants ; that  is  to  say,  the 
lino  of  demarcation  between  the  ascend- 
ing and  descending  axis. 

Mes-o-rec'tum.#  [From  pzaog,  the 
“middle,”  and  rec'tum .]  A process  of 
the  peritonaeum,  to  which  the  rectum  is 
attached. 

Me-sos'cc-lo-^elev*  [From  mesos'- 
celum,  the  “ perinmum,”  and  KriXrjy  a 
“ tumor.”]  Hernia  of  the  perinaeurn. 

Me-sos'^e-lo-play'ma,  a tisj®  [From 
mesos' celum,  the  “ perinaeum,”  and  <pvpa, 
a “swelling.”]  Perinaeal  abscess. 

Me-sos'?e-lum,®  or  Me-sos'^e-lns.- 
[From  psvog,  .“  middle,”  or  “ between,” 
and  oKtXog,  the  “leg.”]  The  perinaeum. 

Mes-o-tlao'rax.*  [From  [as jo;,  the 
“middle,”  and  Oipa £,  the  “chest.”] 
That  part  of  the  chest  in  insects  which 
gives  origin  to  the  second  pair  of  legs. 

Me-sot'i-ca.*  [From  psuog,  the 
“middle,”  or  “between/'  referring  to 
the  substance  or  matter  deposited  be- 
tween the  portions  of  the  cellular  tissue.] 
The  name  of  an  order  in  Dr.  Good's 
Nosology,  comprising  diseases  affecting 
the  parenchyma.  See  Parenchyma. 

Mes'o-t«e~cbi'tis,  Id  is.*  [From 
mesotcef  chium .]  Mediastinal  pleuritis, 
or  inflammation  of  the  mediastinum. 

Mes-o-toe'ciai-um.*'  [From  pbrog, 
the  “ middle,”  and  to'i\o g,  a “ wall.”] 
The  same  as  Mediastinum. 

Mes-o-tym  'pa-nfe.  [Mesotym- 
pan'icus ; from  [ ihog , the  “middle,” 
and  tympan'icus,  “tympanic.”]  Applied 
by  Owen  to  the  middle  subdivision  of  the 
tympanic  pedicle  which  supports  the 
mandible  in  fishes. 

Me-sox'a-late.  [Mesox'alas,  st'fis.’] 
A combination  of  mesoxalic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Mes-ox-al'ic  A^'id.  [Mesoxal'i- 
ciim  A^'idum.]  A new  substance 
formed  on  heating  to  the  boiling  point 
a concentrated  solution  of  alloxanate  of 
barytes. 

Me'ta  (pem).  A Greek  preposition 
signifying  “ with,”  “ among,”  “ between,” 
“after;”  sometimes  “over,”  “beyond.” 
When  joined  with  other  words,  it  often  de- 
notes change , and  sometimes  perversion. 


Me-tab'a-sis.*  [From  peraSairu,  to 
“pass  from  one  place  or  state  to  an- 
otner.”]  A change  of  disease,  or  of 
treatment;  or  from  one  thing  to  an- 
other, either  in  the  symptoms  of  a 
malady,  or  in  the  indications  for  its  cure. 

Me-tab'o-la,*  or  Me-tab'o-le.* 
[From  [xcrajaX Aco,  to  “change.”]  A 
change,  or  mutation;  a change  of  place. 
Also,  the  same  as  Metabasis. 

Met-adiol'ic.  [Metaliol'icus;  from 
l LZTaSoXri , “change.”]  Capable  of  changing, 
or  being  changed.  Applied  in  Physi- 
ology to  phenomena  which  result  from 
chemical  changes  either  in  the  cell  itself, 
or  in  the  surrounding  cystoblastema. 

Mct-a-ear'pal.  [Metacarpa'lis.] 
Pelonging  to  the  metacarpus. 

Met-a-car'pus.*  [From  peray  “after,” 
and  KapTriig,  the  “wrist.”]  (Fr.  Meta- 
carpe , m&’tfr'kaRp'.)  The  group  of  five 
cylindrical  bones  situated  between  the 
carpus  and  fingers. 

Me-ta^-e-twn'ic  [from  ptrn,  denoting 
“change,”  and  aq'etcne?]  A^'id.  One 
t f the  products  obtained  when  sugar  is 
heated  with  hydrate  of  potash.  It  is 
similar  to  acetic  acid. 

Me-tach'y-sis.*  [From  per  a,  “be- 
yond,” and  \voig,  an  “effusion.”]  The 
process  of  transfusion. 

Met-a-^y-e'sis.*  [From  pern,  “after,” 
“beyond,”  and  Kvr,oig,  “uterine  gesta- 
tion.”] Extra-uterine  gestation. 

Met-a-gen'e-sis.-  [From  pera,  im- 
plying “change,”  and  yei  ccig,  “ genera- 
tion.”] A term  indicating  a series  of 
changes  in  organic  development  accord- 
ing to  the  law  of  parthenogenesis.  Thus, 
the  Acalephe  passes  through  the  infuso- 
rial and  the  polype  stages,  and  propa- 
gates by  germination,  as  well  as  by 
spontaneous  division,  before  it  acquires 
sexual  organs.  This  differs  from  meta- 
morphosis, in  which  the  individual 
changes  its  form. 

Met'al.  [Metal' 1 u m ; from  pbaWov, 
a “mine,”  or  “metal.”]  A substance 
regarded  as  simple  or  elementary,  and 
distinguished  by  a peculiar  lustre,  result- 
ing from  its  opacity  and  reflective  power 
in  regard  to  light.  The  metals  are  con- 
sidered as  electro-positive  bodies. 

Me-tallic.  [Metal'liens ; from  the 
same.]  Relating  to  metal ; consisting 
of  metal. 

Met-al-li-za'tion.  [Metalliza'tio, 

o'nis;  from  the  same.]  A conversion 
into  metal. 

Me-tal-lo-dyn'i-a.*  [From  medal , 
and  otivir],  “pain.”]  Pain,  or  illness,  in- 
329 


MET 


MET 


duced  by  working  among  metals,  as  the 
lead  colic,  and  mercurialization. 

Me! -al  -log1 ' ra-phy.  [Me  tallogra ' - 
ptiia;  from  ui^aWov,  a “mine,”  or  “me- 
tal.” and  ypacjjio,  to  “write.”]  A descrip- 
tion of  metals. 

Met'al-loid.  [Metalloi'des;  from 

fAlraWoif  a “mine,”  or  “metal,”  and  sldog, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  metal. 

Met  al-lur-gy.  [Metallur'gia ; 
from  itbaWou,  a “mine,”  or  “metal,”  and 
r'l/yn , a “work.”]  The  art  of  separating 
metals  from  their  ores. 

Met-a-mer'ic.  [Metamer'icus; 

from  n'-ra,  implying  “change,”  and  pepog, 
a “ part.”]  Applied  to  compounds  where 
the  elements  are  the  same  as  in  other 
combinations,  but  arranged  differently. 

Met-a-mor'phl-cus.*  Pertaining  to 
change.  See  De velopmental. 

Met-a-mor-pSiop'si-a.*  [From  pt- 
rapoptyocx),  to  “transform,”  and  8ipig,  “vis- 
ion.”] (Fr.  Berlue,  beR'lii'.)  Vision  in 
which  objects  are  changed  or  distorted. 

Met-a-mer'jdiio-sis.  [Lat.  Meta- 
inorpSio'sis  ; G r.  perapop'pMjtg,  from  pera- 
popfpdu,  to  “transform.”]  The  change  of 
form  which  insects  and  some  other  ani- 
mals undergo  in  passing  from  one  stage 
of  existence  to  another.  The  several 
forms  which  insects  assume  are  called 
larva,  jmpa  or  chrysalis,  and  imago, 
which  last  is  their  perfect  state.  In 
Botany,  the  transformation  of  one  organ 
into  another  homologous  one. 

Met-a-ptiys'ics.  [Metaphys'ica, 
or  Metaptays'ice ; from  ptrd,  “ after,” 
and  (pvaiKa,  the  “sc:ence  of  physics,*”  be- 
cause the  study  of  mind  naturally  comes 
after,  as  it  is  more  difficult  than,  the 
science  of  external  nature.]  The  science 
which  treats  of  the  nature  and  laws  of 
the  mind.  “A  word  employed  in  popu- 
lar usage  to  denote  all  those  inquiries 
which  are  conversant  about  objects  other 
than  merely  physical  and  sensible.” — 
(Brande). 

Me-tas'ta-sis,*  plural  Me-tas'ta-ses. 

[From  pcQiornpi,  to  “transpose.”]  The 
translation,  or  shifting,  of  a disease  from 
one  part  of  the  body  to  another,  or  to 
some  internal  organ. 

Met-a-stat'ic.  [Metastat'icus.] 

Belonging  to  metastasis. 

Met-a-tar'sal.  [Metatarsa'lis.] 

Belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Mef-<vtar'sus.::  [From  gird,  “after,” 
or  “below,”  and  rapaog,  the  “tarsus.”] 
(Fr.  Metatarse , mAtAtaus'.)  The  group 
of  five  cylindrical  bones  of  the  foot,  be- 
tween the  tarsus  and  the  toes.  Applied 
330 


in  Ornithology  to  a single  bone  ending  in 
three  pulley-like  productions  represent- 
ing the  tarsus  and  metatarsus  together. 

Met-a-tho'rax,  a 'cis.%  [From  pera, 
“after,”  or  “below,”  and  0Xpa£,  the 
“chest.”]  The  third,  or  posterior,  seg- 
ment of  the  thorax  of  insects. 

Met-a-tro'phi-a.*  [From  ptrd,  im- 
plying “change,  or  perversion,”  and 
Tpo  jifi,  “nourishment.”]  Morbid  nutrition. 

Met-a-zo'ic.  [Metazo'iciis ; from 
pvrdi,  “ after,”  or  “ below,”  and  $w>7,  “ life.”] 
Applied  to  the  strata  of  the  more  ancient 
rocks  which  contain  the  debris  of  organ- 
ized bodies,  so  that  one  is  compelled  to 
regard  them  as  posterior  to  the  appear- 
ance of  vegetables  and  animals  on  the 
surface  of  the  globe. 

Me'te-or.  [Meteo'rum;  from  pc- 
Tecopo;,  “aerial,”  “elevated,”  “pertaining 
to  the  sky.”]  A body  suspended,  or  in 
motion,  in  the  atmosphere,  there  becom- 
ing the  agent  of  some  phenomenon  : also, 
the  phenomena  which  arise  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

Me-te-or'ic.  [Meteor'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  a meteor,  or  to  the  sky.  Ap- 
plied to  stones  which  fall  from  the  heavens 
in  certain  circumstances,  and  to  waters 
which  accrue  from  condensation  of  the 
vapors  suspended  in  the  atmosphere. 

Me'te-or-ism.  [Meteoris'mns; 

from  perewpitw,  to  “raise  up.”]  The  se- 
cretion of  gas  or  air  in  the  abdomen. 

Me'te-or-o-lite.  [Meteorol'ites ; 
from  pcreiopog,  “on  high,”  “aerial,”  “per- 
taining to  the  sky,”  and  XiOog,  a “ stone.”] 
Certain  stones  which  fall  from  the  hea- 
vens after  the  appearance  of  meteors; 
an  aerolite. 

Me-te-o-rol'o-gy.  [Meteorolo'gia ; 

from  perecopog,  “aerial,”  “elevated,”  “per- 
taining to  the  sky,”  and  Xoyog , a “dis- 
course.”] The  science  of  meteors,  or 
the  science  which  explains  the  various 
phenomena  of  the  atmosphere,  and 
treats  of  the  changes  of  the  weather. 
In  its  extended  signification  it  comprises 
Climatology,  and  one  division  of  Physi- 
cal Geography. 

Me>th«m'a>ta.$  [From  ptrd,  “ after,” 
“among,”  or  “between,”  and  alpn, 
“blood.”]  A term  applied  to  the  inter- 
mediate (or  capillary)  system  of  blood- 
vessels. See  Capillary. 

Me-thod'ic  .tlwl'i-dne.  [Medici'- 
na  Metliod'iea.]  Medicine  as  prac- 
tised by  the  sect  called  Medici  methodici 
(Methodists),  by  exact  rules,  in  opposi- 
tion to  empirical  practice. 

MctIi-o-ga.s-tro'sis.:;:  [From  pifin, 


MET 


MET 


"drunkenness,”  and  gastro’sis,  "disease 
of  the  stomach.”]  Disease  of  the  sto- 
mach, arising  from  indulgence  in  stimu- 
lating drinks. 

Meth-o-ma'nl-a.*  [From  p tOp, 
"drunkenness,”  and  pavia,  "madness.”] 
Mania  a potu,  or  insanity  resulting  from 
drunkenness. 

MetSi'yl.  [Methy'le.]  A term  ap- 
plied to  a newly  discovered  radical  of 
pyroxylic  spirit. 

Meth-y-le'niim.*  [From  methy'le.] 
A certain  hypothetical  base,  supposed 
to  be  the  radical  base  of  a series  of  or- 
ganic compounds. 

Metli'y-sis.*  [Gr.  psdrctg.]  Drunk- 
enness, or  intoxication. 

Me-t8iys'tl-ca.*  [From  the  same.] 
Substances  employed  for  the  purposes 
of  exhilaration  and  inebriation. 

Metis,  ma'tes'.  The  French  term  for 
Hybrid,  which  see. 

Met-o-pan-tral'gi-a.^  [From  meto- 
pan'trum,  the  "frontal  sinus,”  and  d\yog, 
"pain.”]  Pain  in  the  frontal  sinuses. 

Met-o-pan-tri'tis,  idis*  [From 
metopan' trum,  the  "frontal  sinus.”]  In- 
flammation in  the  frontal  sinuses. 

Met-o-pan'troii,*  or  Met-o-pan'- 
trum.$  [From  pznoTtov,  the  "forehead,” 
and  avrpov,  a "cave.”]  The  frontal  sinus. 

Me-to'pon,*  or  Me-to'pHm.*  [From 
psra,  " beyond,”  and  wip,  the  " face.”]  The 
front,  or  forehead. 

Me'tra.*  [Gr.  prirpa.]  The  uterus,  or 
womb. 

Me-trse'ml-a.*  [From  prirpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  alpa,  "bloorl.”]  Turges- 
cence,  or  swelling  of  blood,  in  the  womb. 

Me-tra^m-or-rhagS-a.*  [From 
prjrpa,  the  "womb,”  and  alpofpayia,  an 
"eruption  of  blood.”]  Haemorrhage 
from  the  uterus. 

Me-tral'gi-a.;;:  [From  ft  tjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  «%<>?,  "pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  uterus.  See  Hysteralgia. 

Me-tral'gi-cus.*  Belonging  to  me- 
tralgia : metral'gic. 

Met-ra-iiae'mi-a.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  arras' mia,  "deficiency  of 
blood.”]  Want  of  blood  in  the  uterus. 

Met-ra-aas'tro-ptie.*  [From  prjrpa, 
the  "womb,”  and  avao-poepfj,  an  "inver- 
sion.”] Inversion  of  the  uterus. 

Met-rad  re'si-a.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  atre'sia,  " imperforation.”] 
Imperforation  of  the  uterus.  See  Hys- 
ter  atresia. 

Me-tra  iix'o.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  av^,  "increase.”]  Hyper- 
trophy of  the  uterus. 


M£tre,  me't’r  (French  pronunciation 
metR).  [From  phpov,  a "measure.”]  A 
French  measure,  equal  to  39.371  (or  about 
39£)  inches, — in  other  words,  about  an 
English  yard  and  one-tenth. 

Met-rec-to'pi-a.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
i‘womb,”  and  tKronog,  "out  of  place.”] 
Displacement,  or  deviation  from  the 
normal  position,  of  the  womb. 

Met-rec-top ' i-cus.*  Belonging  to 
metrectopia:  metrectop'ic. 

Met-rel-co'sfs.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  fX*o$,  an  "ulcer.”]  Ulcer- 
ation of  the  uterus. 

Met-re-Io'sis.*  [From  pfirpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  £(Xcw,to  "roll  round.”]  The 
same  as  Metranastropiie,  which  see. 

Met-rem-plirax'is.*  [From  prirpa , 
the  " womb,”  and  zp<ppaa(TM,  to  " obstruct.”] 
Congestion,  or  an  overloaded  condition 
of  the  blood-vessels  and  substance,  of 
the  uterus,  or  womb. 

Met-rcm-ptoy“Se'iK»,  a tie*  [From 
prjrpa,  the  " womb,”  and  eprlmripa,  a 
"windy  swelling.”]  Sec  Physometra. 

Me-tren'cliy-tes.**  [From  prjrpa , the 
"womb,”  and  eyxvco,  to  "pour  in.”]  An 
instrument,  or  a syringe,  for  injecting 
medicated  liquors  into  the  uterus. 

Metria.  See  Puerperal  Fever. 

Me-trit'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  metritis. 

Me-tri'tis,  idis*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb.”]  Inflammation  of  the  womb. 
See  Hysteritjs,  and  Uteritis. 

Me-troc'a-$e.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  kiikt/,  "vice,”  or  "evil.”] 
Decay  of  the  uterus,  or  womb. 

Met  ro-car  ^i-tio'ma,  a tis*  [From 
prjrpa,  the  "womb,”  and  KapKivapa,  "can- 
cer.”] Carcinoma,  or  cancer,  of  the 
womb. 

Met-ro-dyn'i-a.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  odv^rj,  "pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  uterus. 

Met-ro-mal-a-co'ma,  af?s.^  [From 
pr\rpa,  the  "womb,”  and  paXaKOg,  "soft.”] 
Softening  of  the  womb. 

Met-ro-mal-a-co'sis.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  progress  or  formation  of 
metromalacoma. 

Met-ro-ma'ni-a.^  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  pa-da,  "madness.”]  The 
same  as  Nymphomania,  which  see. 

Me-trom'e-ter.  [Metrom'etrimi ; 
from  prjrpa,  the  "womb,”  and  pkrpo:>,  a 
"measure.”]  The  same  as  Hysterome- 
ter.  which  see. 

Met-ro-neu'ri-a.*  [From  prjrpa,  the 
"womb,”  and  vzvpov,  a "nerve.”]  A ner- 
vous affection  of  the  womb. 

Met-ro-pa-tBii'a.*  [From  pmpa,  the 

331 


MET 


MIC 


“womb,”  and  irdOog,  “disease.”]  An  af- 
fection of  the  womb. 

Met-ro-per-i-to-ni'tis,  id! 8%  [From 

pfjrpa,  the  “ womb,”  and  peritoni' tis .]  In- 
flammation of  the  uterus  and  peritonaeum. 

Met-ro-plule-bi'tis,  i dis*  [From 
pfirpa,  the  “ womb,”  and  phlcbi'tis.']  In7 
flammation  of  the  veins  of  the  womb. 

Me-troph ' t hi-sis.*  [From  pfjrpa,  the 
“womb,”  and  <pQ!oig,  “ wasting.”]  Tabes , 
or  wasting,  of  the  uterus. 

Met-ro-ple-tlio'ra.*  [From  pfirpa, 
the  “womb,”  and  7t\j iQopa,  “fulness.”] 
A plethoric  or  congested  state  of  the 
uterus. 

Met-ro-pol  'y-pws.*  [From  pfirpa , 
the  “ womb,”  and  pol'ypus .]  Polypus  of 
the  womb. 

Met-ro-py-opSi ' thi*sis.s  [From 

pfjrpa,  the  “ womb,”  vvoj,  “ pus,”  and  (pdimg , 
“consumption.”]  Purulent  tabes  of  the 
uterus. 

Met-ror-rhag'i-ciis.*  Belonging  to 
metrorrhagy. 

Met-ror'rlia-gy.  [MetForrtia'gia ; 

from  pfirpa,  the  “ womb,”  and  pfiyi/vpi,  to 
“break  forth.”]  Excessive  discharge 
(usually  haemorrhage)  from  the  womb. 

Met-ror-rliex'is.*  [From  pfirpa,  the 
“womb,”  and  pnfa,  a “rupture.”]  Rup- 
ture of  the  uterus. 

Met ™ r « r- rlifle' a.*  [From  pfirpa,  the 
“womb,”  and  pcco,  to  “flow.”]  A dis- 
charge from  the  uterus,  as  of  blood,  mu- 
cus, etc. 

Met-ror 'rlio-is,  i din.*  [From  the 
same.]  Haemorrhoidal  affection  of  the 
womb. 

Met-ro-seir'rBins.*  [From  pfirpa, 
the  “womb,”  and  aicifftos,  a “hard  tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus  of  the  uterus. 

Met'ro-scope.  [Metrosco'pium ; 
from  pfirpa,  the  “womb,”  and  oKonicj,  to 
“ examine.”]  An  instrument  for  examin- 
ing the  uterus. 

Met-ro-sco'pi-a.*  [From  the  same.] 
Investigation  of  the  uterus  : metros'copy. 

Met-ro-ste-re'sis.*  [From  ft-irpa,  the 
“ womb,”  and  arep'ioig,  “privation.”]  Ex- 
tirpation, or  removal,  of  the  uterus. 

Met  ro-tomp.  [Metrot  onuw:  from 
pfjrpa,  the  “womb,”  and  rtpv o>,  to  “cut.”] 
The  same  as  Hysteratome,  which  see. 

Met-ro-to'mi-a.*  [From  the  same.] 
Metrot'omy.  The  same  as  Hysterotomy. 

Met>ro-t©m'I-cus.*  Of,  or  belong- 
ing to,  metrotomia. 

M e t-r  y-  pe  r-a*s-  the'Kis.$  [ F ro  m 

pfjrpa,  the  “womb,”  and  hypevtestke’sis, 
“excessive  sensibility.”]  Too  great  sen- 
sibility or  irritability  of  the  womb. 

332 


Met-ry-per-tro'plai-a.-  [From  pfirpa, 
the  “womb,”  and  hypertro’phia,  “hy- 
pertrophy.”] Hypertrophy  of  the  womb. 

Meurtrissure,  muR'tr&'siiR'.  The 
French  term  for  Contusion,  which  see. 

Mez-e-re'um,'5  or  Me-zere-on.* 
Pharmacopoeial  names  ||  of  the  root-bark 
of  Daph’ne  mezere'um,  or  mezereon.  Used 
as  a diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  alterative, 
and  sometimes  externally  as  an  epi- 
spastic. 

Miasm.  [Miasma,  a tis;  from 
piaivo),  to  “ pollute,”  to  “ corrupt.”]  Float- 
ing and  impalpable  morbific  effluvia,  the 
product  of  decay  or  putrefaction  of  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  substances. 

Mi  ■as'ma-ta,  i:  the  plural  of  Miasma . 
See  Miasm. 

Ml-as-mat'ic.  [Miasmat'icus.] 

Belonging  to  miasm. 

Mi  'ca.*  [From  mi'co , to  “glister.”] 
A mineral  of  a laminated  and  glittering 
appearance.  It  is  one  of  the  constitu- 
ents of  granite. 

Mi  ca.*  [From  poocog,  Doric  for  pixpog, 
“little.”]  A term  for  a crumb,  or  small 
portion  broken  off  from  any  thing. 

Mi-ca'ceous.  [Mica'ceus ; from 
mi'ca.]  Belonging  to,  or  resembling, 
mica. 

Micatio  (mi-ka'she-o),  o'nis.®  [From 
mi’co,  mica’ turn , to  “glitter,”  to  “flash.”] 
Rapid  winking  of  the  eyelids. 

Mic.  pan.  = Mi’ca  pa’nis .*  “ Crumb 
of  bread.” 

Mie-ran-a-to'mi-a.*  [From  pucpdg, 
“small,”  and  anato’mia,  “anatomy.”] 
Microscopic  anatomy. 

Mic-ran-a-tom  l-cus.*  Belonging 

to  micranatomia. 

Mic-ris-tol  o-gy.  [Micristolo'^ia ; 

from  pocpog,  “small,”  and  histolo’ gia, 
“histology.”]  The  science  which  treats 
of  the  minutest  organic  fibres. 

Mic-ro-car'pus.*  [From  pixpdg, 
“small,”  and  Kapnog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
small  fruit.  Also  applied  to  mosses  that 
have  small  urns. 

Mic-ro-^epli'a-lns.*  [From  pt*p6g, 
“small,”  and  KecpdXfi,  the  “head.”]  Hav- 
ing flowers  disposed  in  small  heads. 
In  Zoology,  having  a small  head. 

Mic-ro-<*lie'ml-a.*  [From  pucpog , 
“small,”  and  chc’mia , “chemistry.”] 
Minute  chemical  investigation,  respect- 
ing, for  example,  the  constitution  of  the 
atmosphere,  organic,  vegetable,  and 
animal  juices,  etc. : microchem'istrv. 

Mic-ro-chem'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 
microehemia : microchem'ical. 

I Mi'cro-cofcm.  [Miorocos'nms  % 


MIC 


MIL 


from  uiKpSg , “ little, ” “ minute,”  and  k6<j- 
pog,  a “ world.”]  Literally,  a “ little 
world.”  A term  applied  to  man,  as  pre- 
senting in  his  mind,  or  organization,  an 
epitome  or  similitude  of  the  great  world, 
or  j Macrocosm. 

Mi-cro-cos'mic.  [Microcos'mi- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  a microcosm. 

Microcos'mic  Salt.  A triple  salt 
of  soda,  ammonia,  and  phosphoric  acid, 
obtained  from  urine:  so  named  because 
found  in  the  human  body. 

Mi-cro-cos-mog'ra-pliy-  [Micro- 

cosmogra'pltia;  from  mi'  crocosm , and 
ypdip(i>,  to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
microcosm,  or  human  body. 

Mi-cro-cos-mol'o-gy-  [Mierocos- 
molo'gia;  from  mi' crocosm,  and  Xoyoj, 
a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  op  the  human 
body. 

Mic'ro-don,  on 'tis*  [From  \ uucpog, 
“small,”  and  oSovg,  a “tooth.”]  Having 
short  or  small  teeth. 

Mic-ro-glos'si-a.*  [From  piKpdg, 
“ small,”  and  yXc doo-a,  the  “tongue.”] 
Congenital  smallness  of  the  tongue. 

Mic-ro-grapli'ic.  [Micrograph 
icus.]  Belonging  to  micrography. 

Mi-crog'ra-pliy.  [Microgra'phia ; 
from  fjuxpdg,  “minute,”  and  ypdipoj,  to 
“write.”]  An  account  of  microscopic 
investigations. 

Mi-crol'o-gy.  [Microlo'gia;  from 
pi Kpog,  “ minute,”  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  or  science  of  minute  ob- 
jects, as  microscopical  animals  and 
plants. 

Ml-crom'e-ter.  [Microm'etrum ; 

from  piKpog , “ minute,”  and  pzrpov,  a “ mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  for  ascertaining 
the  dimensions  of  very  minute  objects 
under  the  microscope. 

Mi-cro-met'ric.  Belonging  to  the 
micrometer. 

Mic-ro-pet'a-lns.*  [From  piKpog , 
“ small,”  and  ttztoXov,  a “ petal.”]  Having 
short  or  small  petals. 

Mic-roph-tlial'mi-a.*  [From  p'Kpog, 
“little,”  and  6:(>9a\p6g,  the  “eye.”]  A 
morbid  shrinking  or  wasting  of  the  eye- 
balls. 

Ml-cro-pltyllons.  [Microphyl'- 
Ins;  from  piKpog,  “little,”  and  cpvWov,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  small  leaves. 

Ml'cro-pyle.  [Microp'yla;  from 
piKpog,  “ little,”  and  7ruXi7,  a “ gate.”]  The 
orifice  of  a seed. 

Mi'cro-scope.  [Microsco'piom; 

from  piKpog , “minute,”  and  ckottzio,  to 
“examine.”]  An  optical  instrument  by 
which  minute  objects,  scarcely  or  not  at 
29 


all  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  may  be  dis- 
tinctly seen. 

Mi-c ro-scop' ic,  Ml-cro-scop ' ic-al. 

[Microscop'icns;  from  the  same.]  Re- 
lating to  a microscope ; like  a microscope ; 
so  minute,  as  can  only  be  seen  by  means 
of  a microscope. 

Mio-ro-sper'imis.*  [From  piKpdg , 
“minute,”  and  cmzppa,  a “seed.”]  Hav- 
ing very  small  seeds  or  grains. 

Mic-ro-sphyx'i-a.*  [From  piKpdg , 
“little,”  and  (npv^ig,  the  “pulse.”]  Small- 
ness and.  weakness  of  pulse. 

Mic-ro-sta'chy-us.*  [From  piKpog , 
“little,”  and  craws,  an  “ear,”  or 
“ spike.”]  Having  flowers  disposed  in 
small  spikes. 

Mic'tion.  [Mic'tio,  o' nia;  from 
min' (jo,  mic'tum,  to  “ pass  water.”]  The 
act  of  passing  water. 

Mic-tu-ri'tion.  [Micturi'tio, o 'nis; 
from  mictu'rio,  to  “ desire  to  make  wa- 
ter.”] A constant  inclination  to  pass 
water. 

Mid'rib.  The  middle  or  main  rib  of 
a leaf. 

Mid'rifT.  [Anglo-Saxon, mid,  “mid- 
dle,” and  hrift  the  “ belly.”]  The  dia- 
phragm. 

Mid' wife.  (Lat.  Obstet'rix,  ids; 

Fr.  Sage  Femme,  s&zh  f&inm,  or  Ac- 
coucheuse, d'koo'shuz'.)  A woman  who 
delivers  women  with  child;  a female  ob- 
stetrician. 

Miel,  me-el'.  The  French  term  for 
“honey.”  See  Mel. 

Migraine,  m^'gnen'  or  m^'gn&n'. 
The  French  term  for  Hemicrania,  which 
see. 

Mi-gra'tion.  [Migra'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  mi'gro,  migra'tum,  to  “remove from 
one  place  to  another.”]  The  passage 
or  flight  from  one  country  to  another. 
Applied  particularly  to  migratory  ani- 
mals. 

Mi'gra-to-ry.  [Migrato'rins;  from 
the  same.]  Passing  instinctively  and 
habitually  from  one  region  or  latitude  to 
another,  on  account  of  the  change  of  the 
season,  as  certain  kinds  of  birds. 

Mil-i-a'ri-a.*  [From  mil' turn,  “mil- 
let.”] (Fr.  Miliaire,  me'i^'eR'.)  Also 
• called  Febris  mi liaris.  A disease  attended 
with  eruption  of  small  red  pimples;  mili- 
ary fever.  A genus  of  the  order  Exan- 
themata, class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Miliary  Fever.  See  Miliaria. 

Mil'i-ta-ry  Med'i-cine,  Military 
Swr'ge-ry.  [ Medici 'na  Milita'ris.] 

The  treatment  of  the  diseases  and 

333 


MIL 


Mill 


wounds  of  soldiers;  of  which  some  of 
the  former,  and  most  of  the  latter,  are 
peculiar  to  military  life. 

Milium.  See  Grutujt,  and  Aquula. 

Milk.  [Lat.  Eac,  Lac'tte;  Gr.  yuXa, 
yiiXaKro 5;  Fr.  Laity  14.]  A fluid  secreted 
by  the  mammary  glands  of  the  female  of 
Mammalia.  According  to  Brande,  a 
thousand  parts  of  skimmed  milk  con- 
tain 929  parts  of  water,  28  parts  of  curd, 
35  parts  of  sugar,  and  6 parts  of  lactic 
acid.  Cream  is  composed  of  about 
45-1000  of  butter,  35-1000  of  curd,  and 
920-1000  of  whey. 

Milk-Bearing'.  See  Lactiferous. 

Milk-Blotcli.  SeePoRRiGoLARVALis. 

Milk,  Deficiency  of.  See  Agalac- 
tia. 

Milk,  Excessive  Flow  of.  See 

Galactirriicea. 

Milk  Fe'ver.  [Fe'kris  ILac'tea.] 

A fever  accompanying  or  preceding  the 
secretion  of  milk  in  women  soon  after 
delivery. 

Milk  of  Sulphur.  [Eac  SniF- 
plmris.]  Precipitated  sulphur. 

Milk-Pump.  See  Antlia  Lactea. 

Milk-Scab.  See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

Milk-Sick'ness.  An  endemic  dis- 
ease in  theWestern  States,  including  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Illinois,  Alabama,  etc.,  result- 
ing, it  is  supposed,  from  the  milk  being 
poisoned  by  something  eaten  by  the  cow. 

Milk-Teetfia.  The  first,  or  temporary, 
teeth. 

Mil'le-pecI,  or  Mil'IS-pede.  [Mil- 

lepes,  edis  ; from  mille,  a “thousand,” 
and  pes,  a “ foot.”]  A name  applied  to 
several  insects  having  a multitude  of 
feet. 

Mil'li-g-ramme.  [From  mille , a 
“thousand,”  and  gramme.']  A French 
weight,  the  1000th  part  of  a gramme , 
equal  to  0.015  of  a grain  avoirdupois,  or 
one  sixty-sixth  of  a grain  troy. 

Millilitre,  mil'le-leVr  or  m&’le'litR'. 
[From  mille,  a “thousand,”  and  litre.] 
A French  measure  of  capacity,  the  1000th 
part  of  a litre ; equal  to  0.0010  of  an 
English  cubic  inch. 

Millimetre,  mil-lc-mc't’r  (French 
pronunciation,  m6rie'mctR').  [From 
mille,  a “thousand,”  and  metre.]  A 
French  measure,  the  1000th  part  of  a 
metre,  equal  to  0.039,  or  one  twenty-sixth, 
of  an  English  inch. 

Ml-met'ac.  [Mfmct'icMs;  from 
p'mwiq,  an  “ imitation.”]  Resembling 
or  imitating  others. 

Ml-mog'ra-phy-  [lliimogra'plliiga; 
from  fvfx'oiia',  to  “gesticulate,”  and  ypd/ico, 
334 


to  “write.”]  A treatise  or  dissertation 
on  gesticulation  or  expression  by  signs. 

Mi-mo  'sa.*  The  sensitive  plant.  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Pobjgamia, 
natural  order  Leguminosee  or  Fabaceee. 

Mimosa  Fat'e-cku.*  The  Acacia 
catechu. 

Mimo'sa  Ki-Iot'I-ca,*  Mimao'sa 
Sen 'e-gal.*  The  Acacia  vera. 

Mimoseae,*  me-mo'she-c.  A family, 
or  sub-order,  of  plants,  belonging  to  the 
natural  order  Leguminosee.  It  includes 
the  Mimosa. 

Min.  = Minimum .*  See  Minim. 

Min-dler-e'ri,  Spir'i-tus.  - [From 

Min'derer , or  Mindere’rus,  who  first  ex- 
hibited it.]  The  Li'quor  amino'nice  acc- 
ia'tis  (“Solution  of  the  Acetate  of  Am- 
monia”). It  is  a valuable  diaphoretic, 
and  is  much  used  in  fevers  and  inflam- 
matory diseases. 

Min'e-ral.  [Minera'Iis;  from  mi'na, 
a “mine.”]  Literally,  “belongingto  a 
mine,”  and  originally  applied  especially 
to  metallic  ores.  The  term  now  de- 
notes any  inorganic  substance  found 
in  or  on  the  earth.  Minerals  constitute 
one  of  the  three  grand  divisions  of  nature, 
called  the  mineral  kingdom. 

Min'eral  Green.  A hydrated  sub- 
carbonate  of  copper,  used  as  a pig- 
ment. 

Mln'eral  Oil.  A common  name  for 

petroleum. 

Min'eral  Pitcii.  A species  of  solid 
bitumen. 

Min'cral  Tar.  The  Petro’leum  Bar - 

baden'se. 

Min'cral  Tur'pen-tine.  A sub- 
stance obtained  from  coal  oil,  and  used 
in  painting  as  a substitute  for  turpentine. 
It  is  the  same  as  rectified  Benzine. 

Mineral  Waters.  See  Aqua:  Mine- 
RALES. 

Min  -e-ral-a-za ' t ion . [Min  e ral  I- 

za'tio,  o'nis;  from  minera'le,  a “min- 
eral.”] The  state  or  process  of  a me- 
tallic substance  being  deprived  of  its 
usual  properties  by  combination  with 
some  other  substance. 

Min-er-a-log'i-cal.  [Mincralog'- 
icais.]  Belonging  to  Mineralogy. 

Min-e-ral'o-gisl.  [From  minera'le, 
a “mineral.”]  One  who  is  well  skilled 
or  versed  in  Mineralogy. 

M in-e-ral  o-gy.  [Mincralo'gia ; 
from  minera'le,  a “ mineral/'  and  X'ya;, 
a “ discourse.”]  The  science  which  tre  ts 
of  the  properties,  composition,  and  rela- 
tions of  mineral. 

Mi  n-e-rog'  ra-pDi  y . [Mi  ncrogra 


MIN 


MIS 


phia;  from  miner  a*  le,  a "mineral,”  and 
yi)d(l)a),  to  "write.”]  The  same  as  Mine- 
ralogy. 

Min  inn.  [Min'imirai;  from  min'i- 
vuis,  the  "smallest,”  implying  that  it  is 
the  smallest  liquid  measure.]  The  sixtieth 
part  of  a fluidrachm,  nearly  equivalent 
to  a drop. 

Min'i-um.*  The  red  oxide  of  lead; 
red  lead. 

Mint.  The  common  name  for  the 
genus  Mentha ; also,  Mentha  piperita,  or 
peppermint. 

Mi-im-tl-fiWriis.**  [From  minu'tus, 
"small,”  and  jlos,  a "flower.”]  Having 
small  flowers. 

Miocene.  [From  psfov,  "less,” 
"fewer,”  and  kcuvos,  "recent.”]  A term 
applied  to  the  middle  tertiaries ; so  called 
because  they  contain  fewer  recent  shells 
than  the  Pliocene,  or  upper  tertiaries. 

Mirage  (Fr.),  me'r&zh'.  An  optical 
illusion  which  is  produced  by  unequal  re- 
fraction in  the  lower  strata  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, and  which  causes  remote  objects 
on  the  sea  or  land  to  be  seen  double,  or 
to  appear  to  be  suspended  in  the  air. 
When  inverted  images  are  formed,  the 
Italians  give  it  the  name  of  Fata  Mor- 
gana (f&'tA  inor-g&'nil). 

Mis-am'tSuro-py.  [Misantlhro'paa; 
from /xiaog,  “ hatred,”  and  avOpamo;,  "man.”] 
Hatred  of  mankind,  or  their  society. 

Miscarriage.  See  Abortion. 

Mis-e-re're  ffle'P  (i.e.  "Have 
mercy  on  me”).  A name  for  Iliac  pas- 
sion, because  of  its  torments. 

Mis-lac-ta ' t non.  [Mislacta'tio, 
o 'hi*.]  A defective  or  vitiated  condi- 
tion of  milk;  the  same  as  G-alactia. 

Mismenstr nation.  Sec  Paramenia. 

Mismicturi&iou.  See  Paruria. 

Mis-og ' y-nous.  [Misog'y urns ; from 
(uo-o?,  "hatred,”  and  yvvrj,  a "woman.”] 
Hating  women. 

Mis-op-sy'cEnn-a.^  [From  / dao ;, 
"hatred,”  and  \f/yxh,  "life.”]  Hatred  or 
weariness  of  life;  melancholy,  with  dis- 
gust of  life. 

MisossificaMon.  See  Par  ostia. 

Mis-o-zo'I-a.-  [From  [xiaog,  " hatred,” 
and  %Mrj, " life.”]  Hatred  cr  disgust  of  life. 

Mist.  = Mistu'ra*  "A  mixture.” 

Mis'tle-toe,  Mi&'el-toe,  or  Mis'sel- 
to.  [Vis'cum  Album.]  A parasitical 
plant,  growing  on  the  branches  of  many 
kinds  of  trees,  and  well  known  in  con- 
nection with  the  Druidical  ceremonies. 
The  powder  of  its  leaves  has  been  used 
as  a remedy  in  epilepsy. 

Mis-tu'ra.*  [From  vns'cco,  mis' turn 


or  mix* turn,  to  "mix,”  to  "mingle.”]  (Fr. 
Mixtion , m&ks'te-^No',  and  Potion,  po'- 
se-<W'.)  A mixture.  A fluid  composed 
of  two  or  more  ingredients. 

Mistu'ra Am-mo-ni'a-ci.^  ("Mix- 
ture of  Ammoniac.”)  Take  of  ammo- 
niac, one  hundred  and  twenty  grains; 
water,  half  a pint.  Rub  the  ammoniac 
with  the  water,  gradually  added,  until 
they  are  thoroughly  mixed,  and  strain. 

Mistu'ra  A-myg'da-Iav*  ("  Mix- 
ture of  Almond.”)  Take  of  sweet 
almond,  half  a troyounce;  gum  arabic, 
in  fine  powder,  thirty  grains;  sugar, 
one  hundred  and  twenty  grains;  dis- 
tilled water,  eight  fluidounces.  Having 
blanched  the  almond,  beat  it  with  the 
gum  arabic  and  sugar  in  a mortar,  until 
they  are  thoroughly  mixed;  then  rub 
the  mixture  with  the  distilled  water, 
gradually  added,  and  strain. 

Mistu'ra  As-sa-foet'I-dse.#'  ("Mix- 
ture of  Assafoetida.”)  Take  of  assafoe- 
tida,  one  hundred  and  twenty  grains; 
water,  half  a pint.  Rub  the  assafoetida 
with  the  water,  gradually  added,  until 
they  are  thoroughly  mixed. 

Mistu'ra  Clilo-ro-for'mi.*  ("  Mix- 
ture of  Chloroform.”)  Take  of  purified 
chloroform,  half  a troyounce;  camphor, 
sixty  grains;  the  yolk  of  one  egg; 
water,  six  fluidounces.  Rub  the  yolk 
in  a mortar,  first  by  itself,  then  with  the 
camphor,  previously  dissolved  in  the 
chloroform,  and  lastly  with  the  water, 
gradually  added,  so  as  to  make  a uni- 
form mixture. 

Mistu'ra  Oe'tav*  ("Mixture  of 
Chalk-,”  or  " Chalk-Mixture.”)  Take  of 
prepared  chalk,  half  a troyounce ; sugar, 
gum  arabic,  in  fine  powder,  each  one 
hundred  and  twenty  grains ; cinnamon- 
water,  water,  each  four  fluidounces.  Rub 
them  together  until  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed. 

Mistu'ra  Bi  -a-bol  'i- ca  .*  ("Dia- 
bolical Mixture.”)  A nauseous  mixture 
sometimes  given,  in  small  doses,  to  per- 
sons feigning  disease,  but  so  frequently 
repeated  as  to  maintain  the  taste  of  its 
nauseous  components,  and  thus  to  pro- 
voke a confession. 

Mistu'ra  Fer'ri  fom-pos  i-ta.- 

("Compound  Mixture  of  Iron.”)  Take 
of  myrrh,  sugar,  each  sixty  grains;  car- 
bonate of  potassa,  twenty-five  grains; 
sulphate  of  iron,  in  coarse  powder, 
twenty  grains;  spirit  of  lavender,  half  a 
fluidounce ; rose-water,  seven  fluidounces 
and  a half.  Rub  the  myrrh,  sugar,  and 
carbonate  of  potassa  with  the  rose-water 
335 


MOL 


MIS 

gradually  added,  then  with  the  spirit  of 
lavender,  and  lastly  with  the  sulphate 
of  iron,  and  pour  the  mixture  immedi- 
ately into  a bottle,  which  must  be  well 
stopped. 

Mistn'ra  Glys-yr-rM'zoe  €ojm- 
pos'i-ta.*  (“  Compound  Mixture  of 
Liquorice.  ”)  Brown  Mixture.  Take 
of  liquorice,  in  fine  powder,  sugar,  in 
coarse  powder,  gum  arable,  in  fine  pow- 
der, each  half  a troyounce ; camphor- 
ated tincture  of  opium,  two  fluidounces; 
wine  of  antimony,  a fluidouncc;  spirit 
of  nitrous  ether,  half  a fluidounce; 
water,  twelve  fluidounces.  Bub  the 
liquorice,  sugar,  and  gum  arabic  with 
the  water,  gradually  added ; then  add 
the  other  ingredients,  and  mix  the  whole 
together. 

Mistn'ra  Po-tas'sae  Cl-tra'tis* 

(“  Mixture  of  Citrate  of  Potassa”),  or 
liiq'uor  Potas'sse  Citra'tis,*  1350 
(“  Solution  of  Curate  of  Potassa”); 
also  called  Xeu'tral  Mix'tnrc.  Take 
of  lemon-juice,  fresh,  half  a pint;  bicar- 
bonate of  potassa,  a sufficient  quantity. 
Add  the  bicarbonate  gradually  to  the 
lemon -juice,  until  the  acid  is  completely 
saturated ; then  strain  through  muslin. 

Mis-tu'rae,*  the  plural  of  Mistura, 
which  see. 

Math  ri-ilate.  [MitSnrMa'tiimm ; 
said  to  have  been  invented  or  used  by 
Mithrida'tes,  King  of  Pontus.]  A prep- 
aration of  numerous  ingredients,  for- 
merly regarded  as  an  antidote  against 
poisons,  but  now  litCejused. 

Mit  l-gat-ing*.  [Mit'ig’ams,  a n'tis; 
from  mit'igo , to  “ assuage.”]  Allaying,  or 
palliative.  Applied  to  remedies  which 
lull,  assuage,  or  soothe  pain. 

Mi'tra.*  [From  pirpa,  a “ mitre,”  or 
“ turban.”]  Applied  to  the  hat  of  mush- 
rooms when  it  is  low,  thick,  round,  and 
plaited.  In  Surgery,  a fillet  or  bandage 
applied  on  the  head. 

Mi  tral.  [Mitra'lis;  from  mi’tra,  a 
"turban,”  or  “ mitre.”]  Belonging  to  a 
mitre,  or  shaped  like  a mitre. 

Mi'tral  Valves.  Applied  to  the  left 
auriculo-vcntricular  valves,  from  their 
shape. 

Mi-trl-for'mis.*  [From  mi'tra,  a 
“ turban,”  or  “ mitre.”]  Having  tho  form 
of  a mitre. 

Mitt.  = Mil' to,*  “send;”  Mitta'tur * or 
Mittan'tur,®  “let  there  be  drawn.” 

Mitt.  Sang.  = Mitta'tur  san'yuis* 
“Let  blood  be  drawn.” 

Mixed  Fe'ver.  [Ryn'oclms.]  A 
mixture  of  the  symptoms  of  inflamma- 
336 


tory  and  typhus  fever,  being  a combina- 
tion of  Synoclia  and  Typhus. 

Mixtura.  See  Mistura. 

Mne-mon'ic.  [Mnecnon'icus.] 
Belonging  to  mnemonics. 

Mnemonics,  ne-mon'iks.  [Mme- 
mosi'ica,  orMnemon'ice;  from  pvrjprj, 
the  “memory.”]  The  art  of  memory,  or 
of  remembering. 

Mo-hil'i-ty.  [MoMl'itias,  u’tis; 
from  mo'hilis , “movable.”]  A capa- 
bility of  motion;  ability  or  tendency  to 
move  with  rapidity  or  ease;  tendency  to 
change. 

Mocli'lt-nm.*  [Gr.  pox\iov,  diminu-  * 
tive  of  po\K6;,  a vectis,  or  “lever.”]  A 
small  vectis.  An  instrument  used  in  ob- 
stetrical surgery. 

Moda'lus.*  [Gr.  The  vectis , 

or  lever. 

Moc-Main.  The  produce  of  the 
BomLax  heptaphyllum , being  a white 
shining  substance  of  great  lightness  and 
elasticity. 

Mo-dl'o-lar.  [Motliola'ris.]  Be- 
longing to  the  modiolus ; having  the 
form  of  the  nave  of  a wheel. 

Mo-ali'o-IS-forir*.  [Modiolifor'mis ; 

from  modi' ol us,  a “small  measure.”] 
Having  the  shape  or  form  of  the  nave  of 
a wheel. 

Mo-di'o-lixs.*  [Diminutive  of  mo’ - 
dius , a “measure.”]  Literally,  a “small 
measure;”  also,  the  nave  of  a wheel. 
Applied  to  the  central  pillar  of  the 
cochlea  of  the  ear. 

Mo'cfii-us,*  the  chief  Boman  mea- 
sure for  things  dry,  was  equal  to  one- 
third  of  a cubic  foot,  and  rather  more 
than  an  English  peck. 

Mod.  prses.  = Mo' do  prsescrip'to. * 

“ In  the  manner  directed.” 

Moellc,  mo'ell'.  The  French  term  for 
Marrow,  which  see. 

Mo'la.**  A molar  tooth.  The  patella, 
or  kneepan.  Also,  a shapeless,  fleshy 
mass  in  the  uterus.  Sec  Mole  (Moles). 

Mo  lar.  [Mola'ris;  from  mo'la,  a 
“mill.”]  Applied  to  the  grinder  teeth. 

Mo'Sar  Glands.  Two  small  bodies 
placed  between  the  masseter  and  bucci- 
nator muscles,  having  the  orifice  of  the  ir 
excretory  duct  opposite  tho  last  molar 
tooth. 

Mo'lar  Teeth.  [Lat.  Mola'res 
l>en'tes;  Fr.  Dents  Molaircs , doN®  mo'- 
Icr'.]  The  grinders,  or  double-teeth, 
situated  in  tho  back  part  of  the  jaw. 

Mo-liir-I-for'mts.*  [From  mola’ris , 

“ molar.”]  Besembling  the  molar  teeth. 

Mo-las'scs.  The  uncrystallizable 


MOL 


MOM 


part  of  the  juice  of  the  sugar-cane;  also 
called  Melasses,  and  Treacle. 

Mole.  [Anglo-Saxon,  Maal , or  Mai , 
a “spot,”  or  “mark.”]  A small  brown- 
ish spot  (Lat.  use'  ous,  or  mac'ula)  on  the 
skin,  generally  presenting  a few  hairs. 
In  Zoology,  the  genus  Talpa. 

Mole.  [Mo'les,  i.e.  a “mass.”]  A 
name  applied  to  a fleshy  mass  or  tumor 
sometimes  found  in  the  uterus.  See 
Mo  LA. 

Molecula.  See  Molecule. 

Mo-lec'u-lar.  [Molecula'ris ; 

from  molec'ula,  a “ molecule.”]  Be- 
longing to  a molecule ; consisting  of 
molecules. 

Molec'ular  At-trac'tion.  [At- 
trac'tio  Molecula'ris.]  The  power 
supposed  inherent  in  molecules  of  mat- 
ter, which  exerts  itself  at  distances  inap- 
preciable, or  at  the  point  of  contact,  and 
inclines  them  to  combine  one  with  the 
other. 

Mol'e-cale.  [Molec'ula;  diminu- 
tive of  mo'les , a “ mass.”]  A “ little 
mass.”  The  smallest  particle  of  matter 
conceivable.  Applied  to  that  exceed- 
ingly minute  body,  in  morbid  products, 
in  which  we  can  discover  no  deter- 
minate external  circle  and  internal 
centre.  Also,  the  same  as  Blastoderm, 
which  see. 

Mol'ecules,  Con-stit'u-ent.  Those 
of  each  element  comprised  in  an  inte- 
grant molecule  of  a compound. 

Mol'ecules,  Integrant.  The 

smallest  particles  into  which  it  is  con- 
ceivable to  divide  a simple  body,  or  a 
compound  body  without  resolving  it  into 
its  elements. 

Mo-len-di-na'ceous.  [Molendi- 

na'ceus;  from  molendi'nnm,  a “mill.”] 
Resembling  a wind-mill.  Applied  to 
seeds  having  many  wings. 

Mo-li'men,  lim 'inis*  [From  mo'- 
lior,  to  “labor,”  or  “struggle.”]  An 
effort ; struggle,  or  endeavor. 

Moli'men  llsem-or-rlias'i-cuiii,^ 
or  Moli'men  Men-siru-a'le.*  The 
menstrual  period  or  effort. 

Mollities,*  mol-lish'e-ez.  [From 
mol'lisy  “soft.”]  Softness;  tenderness. 

Mollities  Cerebri.  See  Softening 
of  the  Brain. 

Molli'ties  Os'sium*  (osh'e-um). 
(“Softening  of  the  Bones.”)  (Fr.  Osteo- 
malacie , os't&Vm&'li’i's^'.)  A disease  in 
which  the  bones  become  preternaturally 
flexible,  either  from*  an  inordinate  ab- 
sorption, or  an  imperfect  secretion  of  the 
phosphate  of  lime. — (Mayne.)  Accord- 
29* 


ing  to  Virchow,  it  is  produced  simply  by 
the  conversion  of  bone  into  medullary 
tissue. 

Mol-lus'ca,*  or  Mol'lusks.  [From 

nwl'lis , “soft.”]  The  second  of  the  four 
great  primary  divisions  of  animals,  hav- 
ing soft  bodies,  and  no  internal  skele- 
tons, as  shell-fish. 

Mol-lus'cotis.  [Mollus'cus ; from 
the  same.]  Relating  to  the  Mollusca. 

Mol-lus'cuni.*  [From  the  same.] 
A disease  of  the  skin  in  which  numerous 
atheromatous  tumors  occur,  varying  in 
size  from  a pea  to  a pigeon’s  egg.  So 
called  because  the  tumors  resemble  in 
consistency  the  bodies  of  molluscous 
animals.  They  possess  little  sensibility, 
without  constitutional  disturbance,  and 
have  apparently  no  natural  termination. 

Mollusks.  See  Mollusca. 

Mol-uc-^en'se  Lig'nuin.$  (“Mo- 
lucca Wood.”)  The  wood  of  the  Croton 
tiglium  ; also  called  Lignum  Pavante. 

Mo'ly,  yo#.*  [Gr.  /xtoAu.]  The  spe- 
cific name  of  a species  of  garlic;  the 
Allium  moly  of  Linnaeus. 

Molybda»mim*  (mol-ib-de'num),  or 
Mol-yb-dse'im.*  [From  ix6\v66og, 

“lead.”]  A brittle  metal  which  exists 
in  the  native  sulphuret  of  molyb- 
daena. 

Mo-Iyb'date.  [Molyb'das,  oi'tis.] 
A combination  of  molybdic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Molybdena.  See  Molybd^ena. 

Molybdenum.  See  Molybdenum. 

Mo-Iyb'die.  [Molyb'dicus.]  Be- 
longing to  molybdaenum.  Applied  to  an 
acid  obtained  from  it. 

Mo-lyb-do-coli-ca.*  [From  (xo\v6- 
tog,  “ lead,”  and  eol'ica,  “ colic.”]  Molyb- 
docolic.  Lead-colic,  or  bowel  complaint 
the  effect  of  lead-poison. 

Mo-ly  b-do-i  'des.*  [From  n6\v6fog, 
“lead,”  and  dfog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling lead : molyb'doid. 

Mo-lyb-don'o-sos,*  or  Mo-lyb- 
don'o-sus.*  [From  po\"6?os,  “lead,” 
and  voaog,  “disease.”]  Lead-disease,  or 
lead-colic. 

Mo-lyb-do-spas'mus.*  [F  rom 

jxoXvShog,  “lead,”  and  spas'mus , a 
“ spasm.”]  Cramp  or  spasm  caused  by 
the  poisonous  influence  of  lead. 

Mo-lyb'dous.  [Molybdo'stis; 

from  molybdenum.]  Belonging  to  mo- 
lybdaenum. 

Mo-men'tum.*  [From  mo’men , a 
“ motion,”  or  “ impulse.”]  The  momen- 
tum of  a body  is  the  product  of  its 
weight  (or  mass)  and  its  velocity.  It  is 
337 


MOM 


MON 


synonymous  with  the  phrase  quantity  of 
motion. 

Mo-mor'di-ca.*  [From  mor'deo, 
preterite  momor'di,  to  “ bite.”]  A Lin- 
ncean  genus  of  the  class  Moncecia,  natu- 
ral order  Cucurbitacese. 

Moinor'dica  EI-a-te'ri-um.*  The 

plant  which  produces  the  wild  or  squirt- 
ing cucumber. 

Mon-a-caii'thus.*'  [From  p ovog, 
“ alone,”  “ single,”  “only  one,”  and 
aKavQa,  a “ spine.”]  Having  but  one 
spine : monacanthous. 

Mon 'ad.  [Mo 'nas,  ad  is ; from 

posdg,  ( lovadog , a “ unit.”]  An  ultimate 
atom;  a primary  constituent  of  matter. 
Also  applied  to  the  most  minute  of  the 
Infusoria. 

Mon-a-del'phi-a.*  [From  povog, 
“ alone,”  or  “single,”  and  adeXpog,  a 
“ brother.”]  The  sixteenth  class  in  the 
Linnaean  system  of  plants,  including 
those  whose  filaments  are  united  in  a 
single  brotherhood, — that  is,  set,  or 
column. 

Mon-a-del'ptioiis.  [Monadel'- 
pliius;  from  the  same.]  Having  a 
single  brotherhood : monadel'phious. 
See  Monadelphia. 

Mo-nan'dri-a.*  [From  povog,  “ sin- 
gle,” and  dvqp,  a “ man,”  or  “ male.”] 
The  first  class  in  the  Linnaean  system 
of  plants,  including  those  which  have 
only  one  stamen  in  each  flower. 

Mo-nail  'drons.  [Moaan'drius ; 
from  the  same.]  Having  a single  sta- 
men : monandrious. 

Mo-nar'da.*  Horsemint.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
of  Jfonar'da  puncta'ta. 

Monesia,*  mo-ne'she-a.  An  astrin- 
gent vegetable  substance,  procured  from 
the  bark  of  a South  American  tree  sup- 
posed to  be  a Chrysophyllnm.  It  has 
been  prescribed  for  diarrhoea,  etc. 

Mo-m-lif  er-us,*  or  Mo-nil' I- fer.* 
[From  moni'le , a “necklace,”  and  fe'ro , 
to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  a necklace,  or 
something  resembling  a necklace.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

Mo-aiil'i-form.  [Monilifor  mis ; 

from  moni'le,  a “necklace.”]  Formed 
like  a necklace. 

Mon-I-li&'er-us.*  [From  moni’le,  a 
“necklace,”  and  ge’ro,  to  “carry.”] 
Moniligerous.  The  same  as  Monilif- 
ERUS. 

Mo-nil-I-o-i'defc.*  [From  moni'le,  a 
“ necklace,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a necklace. 

Moiiimiaceuv:i:  mo-nim-c-a'sho-e. 

338 


[From  Monim'ia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natuial  order  of  exogenous,  aromatic 
trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  South  Ame- 
rica. 

Moidk’s'-liood.  The  Aconitum  napel- 
lus;  aconite,  or  wolf’s-bane. 

Mon-o-ba'sic.  [Moiiobas'icus ; 

from  povog,  “ single,”  and  ba'sis,  a 
“base.”]  Having  a single  base.  Applied 
to  certain  chemical  substances. 

Mon-o-blep'sis.*  [From  povog, 
“single,”  and  pXsnco,  to  “behold.”]  A 
state  of  vision  in  which  objects  are  dis. 
tinct  when  only  one  eye  is  used. 

Mon  o-carp,  or  Mon-o-car'pon.* 
[See  Monocarpic.]  An  annual  plant; 
a plant  which  bears  fruit  only  once. 

Monocarpian.  See  Monocarpic. 

Moil -o-car  pic,  or  Mon-o-car  - 
pous.  [From  povog,  “ single,”  and  /ca/>- 
nog,  “ fruit/’]  Bearing  fruit  only  once. 

Moii-o-cac'pous.  [Monocar- 

peus.]  See  Monocarpic. 

Mon-o-ceph'a^lous.  [Monocepb'- 
alaas ; from  povog,  “ single,”  and  KepaXrj, 
the  “head.”]  Bearing  a single  head, 
as  certain  flowers. 

Mon-o-clila-myd'e-ous.  [Mono- 

chlamyd'eus?  from  povog,  “single,” 
and  xAa/n3j,  a “ short  cloak.”]  Having 
a single  floral  envelope,  i.e.  apetalous. 

Mosi-o-ciiron'ic.  [Monochroii'i- 
cus;  from  povog,  “single,”  and  xpdvog, 
“time.”]  Existing  at  one  and  the  same 
time.  Applied  to  organic  remains. 

Mo-noc'la-dus.*  [From  povog,  “sin- 
gle,” and  kX ddog,  a “branch.”]  Bearing 
but  one  branch. 

Mon-o-cli'nous.  [Monoclfn'iiis ; 

from  povog,  “ single,”  and  kXivyi,  a “ bed.”] 
Applied  to  plants  bearing  flowers  with 
both  sexes  : hermaphrodite. 

Mon-o-cot-y-le'don,  [From 

p6vog,  “single,”  and  KorvXtjdov,  a “cotyle- 
don.”] A plant  having  only  one  coty- 
ledon. Applied  in  the  plural  ( Monocoty - 
le'dones ) to  a class  of  plants,  now  gene- 
rally called  Endogens. 

Mon-o-cot-y-lod'o-nous.  [Mono- 
cotyledo'neus,  or  Monocoty lcd'o- 
lius:  from  monocotyle'don.]  Having 
but  one  cotyledon.  This  term  was  em- 
ployed by  Jussieu  to  denote  endogenous 
plants. 

Moii-o-cra'iius.*  [From  p6vog, 
“single,”  and  xpavog,  a “helmet,”  a 
“covering,”  or  perhaps  from  Kpaviov,  the 
“cranium.”]  A monster-foetus  with  a 
single  mass  of  brain. 

Mon-oc'u-lus.-  [From  p6vog,  “sin- 
gle,” and  oc'u'us , the  “eye.”]  Also 


MON 


MON 


termed  Sim  plex  Oc'ib-Iibs  (<*.c.  “Single 
Eye”).  A bandage  used  in  fistula  lac- 
rymalh , and  other  diseases  of  the  eye, 
to  cover  one  eye. 

M©ii-o-«Hi«ry-mras.;!:*  [From  novo;, 
“single,”  and  did^og,  “ twin.”]  One  of 
twins. 

MoneeciK,-  mo-nc'she-a.  [From 
novo;,  “single,”  “only  one,”  and  oUia,  a 
“ house,”  or  “ family.”]  Literally,  “ hav- 
ing one  house,  or  family;”  because  the 
mr.lo  and  female  flowers  are  found  on 
the  same  plant,  thus  forming  but  one 
family  (sec  Dkecious).  The  twenty-first 
class  in  the  Linnman  system  of  plants, 
comprising  those  which  have  the  stamens 
and  pistils  in  separate  flowers  on  the 
same  plant. 

M©-ii«e'ei©ws.  [MoBioe'oius;  from 
the  same.]  Having  one  house.  Applied 
to  a class  of  plantj.  Sec  Moncecia. 

Moaa-o-jiyyM'*-^**  [From  povog,  “sin- 
gle,” “only  one,”  and  ywi % a “woman,” 
or  “ female.”]  The  name  given  by  Lin- 
naeus to  the  first  order  in  each  of  the  first 
thirteen  classes  of  plants,  comprising 
such  as  have  only  one  pistil  in  each 
flower. 

Mon-og'y-SBOus.  plomogyn'ius ; 
from  the  same.]  Having  one  pistil  or 
style:  monogynious. 

Mo-moi 'corns.  The  same  as  Monoe- 
cious, which  see. 

Mon-e-loc'u-lar.  [Monolocula- 

ras;  from  novo;,  “single,”  “only  one,” 
and  loc'ulus,  a “ cell."]  Having  only  one 
cavity  or  cell ; one-celled.  Applied  to 
cystic  tumors  so  constituted. 

Moia-o-ma'm-a.*  [From  povo;, 
“ single,”  “only  one,”  and  yavia,  “mad- 
ness.”] A kind  of  insanity  in  which  ihe 
patient  is  irrational  on  one  subject  only, 
on  all  others  clear  and  correct. 

Mon-o-ma'Bii-ac.  [Moaomani'a- 
cws ; from  monoma’ nia , “ madness  on 
one  subject.”]  A person  laboring  under 
monomania. 

Mo-aiom'y-MS.*  [From  fxovog,  “sin- 
gle,” “only  one,”  and  a “muscle.”] 
Having  but  one  muscle.  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  ( Monom'ya ) to  an  order  of 
the  Conchifcra. 

Moaa-o-per-i-anB  'IBae-us.*  [From 

ju ovog,  “single,”  irtpi,  “around,”  and  dv6og, 
a “flower.”]  The  same  as  Monochla- 
mydeous,  which  see. 

Mon-o*pe4a-lous.  [Monopeta'- 
lens,  or  Moiaopet  alias;  from  fio.og, 
“ single,”  and  nlraXov,  a “petal.”]  Hav- 
ing but  one  petal,  or  several  petals  more 
or  less  united;  gamopetalous.  The 


term  Monopet'  a lot  is  applied  by  some 
botanists  to  a section  of  angiospermous, 
exogenous  plants. 

Mon-©-  phy  1 ' Sous.  [Monopliy  1 '- 
ltis;  from  yovog,  “single,”  and  ipvXXov,  a 
“ leaf.”]  Having  but  one  leaf. 

Mon-o-pliy'o-ilont.-  [From  /xorog, 
“ single,”  0uu),  to  “generate,”  and  ddovg, 
dSuvTOg,  a “tooth.”]  A mammal  which 
produces  but  one  set  of  teeth,  as  the 
sloth. 

Mon-o-po'dli-a.*  [From  y6iog,  “sin- 
gle,” and  rovg,  a “ foot.”]  A genus  of 
monsters  having  only  one  foot. 

Mo-iaoptor-its.*  [From  yovog,  “ sin- 
gle,” and  Trrtpov,  a “wing.”]  Having 
but  one  wing.  Applied  to  certain  seeds. 

Mo-iiorcfris,  id  is*  [From  y6iog, 
“single,”  and  opX'S,  a “testicle.”]  Ap- 
plied to  one  in  whom  a single  testicle 
has  descended  into  the  scrotum,  or  who 
has  been  deprived  of  one  by  accident  or 
by  an  operation. 

Mon-o-sepa-Ious.  [Xonosep'a- 
lus;  from  yovog,  “single,”  and  sip' alum, 
a “ sepal.”]  A catyx,  the  sepals  of  which 
are  united,  is  called  monosepalcus,  or, 
more  correctly,  gamoscpalous. — (Gray.) 

Moii-©-spor  mal,  or  Mon-o-spcr- 
mous.  [MoBEospor'iatus ; from  yoiog, 
“single,”  and  <nri//ia,  a “seed.”]  Hav- 
ing only  one  seed. 

Mo-nos'po-rus.*  [From  yoiog, 

“single,”  and  or.opd,  a “seed.”]  Applied 
to  any  conccpticle  of  a cryptogamous 
plant  which  contains  but  a single  spo- 
rule. 

Mon-o-sta'cliy-iis.*  [F rom  pdiog, 

“single,”  and  oruX'g,  an  “ear.”]  Hav- 
ing but  one  spike. 

Mo-aaos'tl-c  lions.  [From  ftSrng, 

“single,”  and  crixog,  a “line.”]  A term 
applied  to  leaves  disposed  in  one  vertical 
rank. 

Mon-o-stig-'ma-tus.*  [From  fxovog, 

“single,”  and  ariyya,  a “ stigma.”] 
Having  but  one  stigma:  monostig'ma- 
tous. 

Mon-o-sty'l©us.  [Moiiosty'lirs; 

from  [idvog,  “ single,”  and  oTv\og,  a 
“ style.”]  Having  but  one  style. 

M©BB-o-tlBal'a-mus.*  [From  yovog, 

“ single,”  and  Qti\a/xog,  a “bed.”]  Hav- 
ing but  one  unilocular  shell : monothal'- 
amous.  Applied  to  an  order  of  Mollusks. 

Mo-not  o-nious.  [Moiiot'omns  ; 
from  fxovog,  “single,”  and  to  “cut.”] 

Having  a single  cleavage-face.  Applied 
to  minerals. 

Moai-o-treaii'a-tons.  [Monotrcm '- 
alias;  from  yovog,  “single,”  and  rpn/xa, 
339 


MON 


MOR 


an  “opening.”]  Having  only  one  open- 
ing or  vent  for  semen,  urine,  and  excre- 
ments. 

Mon’o-treme.  [Monotre'ma,  a fis.] 
A name  for  a monotrematous  animal. 
See  Monotrematous. 

Monotropaceae,*  mon'o-tro-pa'- 
she-e.  [From  Monot’ropa,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
parasitical  plants,  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  and  North  America. 

Monro's  Foramen.  See  Foramen 
op  Monro. 

Monster.  [Mon'strmn,  plural 
Mon'stra.]  Originally,  any  thing  pro- 
digious or  ominous.  A huge,  or  de- 
formed, animal,*  a young  animal  born 
with  a redundancy  or  deficiency,  a con- 
fusion or  transposition,  of  parts;  a lusus 
naturae. 

Mon'stra,*  gen.  Mon-stro'rum,  the 
plural  of  Monstrum.  See  Monster. 

Mons  Ven'e-ris.*  The  eminence  in 
the  upper  and  anterior  part  of  th e pubes 
of  women. 

Mon-tic'o-lus.*  [From  mons,  mon'- 
tis , a “mountain,”  and  co'lo,  to  “in- 
habit.”] Living  or  growing  on  moun- 
tains. 

Moorhead.  See  Alembic. 

Moraeeae,*  mo-ra'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
natives  of  the  tropical  an 5 temperate 
parts  of  Asia  and  America.  It  comprises 
the  Mulberry  ( Mo'rui ),  the  Fig  ( Fi'cus 
Car'ica ),  and  the  Banyan-tree  ( Fi'cus 
fn'cl lea).  Caoutchouc  is  an  abundant 
product  of  the  Fi'cus  Etas' tica. 

Mor  al  In-san'i-ty.  That  in  which 
the  intellectual  faculties  appear  to  have 
sustained  but  little  injury,  but  the  feel- 
ings and  affections  are  perverted  and 
depraved. 

Mor'bi,*  gen.  Mor-borain,  the 

plural  of  Morbus,  which  see. 

Mor'bitl.  [Mor'foidus:  from  mod- 
bus, a “disease.”]  (Fr.  Morbeux,  moR%- 
buh'.)  Diseased,  or  pertaining  to  dis- 
ease. 

Mor'bid  Tem'por-a-taire.  The  dif- 
ference either  above  or  below  the  natural 
temperature  of  the  body,  as  ascertained 
by  the  thermometer  placed  in  the  axilla, 
or  under  the  tongue,  of  a patient : the 
natural  temperature  is  from  96°  to  98° 
Fahrenheit. 

Mor-bif'ic.  [Morbaf 'icus ; from 
mor'bus,  “disease,”  and  fa'cio,  to 
“make.”]  Inducing,  or  causing,  disease. 

Mor-bil'li,*  gen.  Mor-bil-Io'ruiii 

(found  only  in  the  plural).  [Diminutive 
340 


of  mor'bus,  a “ disease.”]  A name  foi 
Rubeola,  or  measles.  See  Rubeola. 

Mor-bil'lous.  [Morbilflo'sus;  from 

morbid  li,  “measles.”]  (Fr.  Morbilleux , 
moR'b&l'luh'.)  Belonging  to  the  measles : 
measly. 

Mor'bus,*  plural  Mor'bi.  The  Latin 
term  for  a disease,  or  sickness. 

Morbus  Rrightii.  See  Bright’s 
Disease,  and  Nephritis. 

Mor'bus  Ca-cSu'cus.*  (“  Falling 
Disease  or  Sickness.”)  A name  for 
Epilepsy,  which  see. 

Morbus  Caeruleus.  See  Cyanosis. 

Morbus  Coxarius,  or  Morbus 
Coxanim.  See  Coxalgia. 

Mor'bus  Gal'II-cus.*  (“  French  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  for  Syphilis,  which  see. 

Mor'bus  Mer-eu'le-us.*  (“  Hercu- 
lean Disease.”)  A name  for  Epilepsy. 

Mor'bus  In'cli-eus.*  (“  Indian  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  for  Syphilis,  which  see. 

Mor'bus  In-fan-ti'lis*  (“Infantile 
Disease” ),  Mor'bus  Mag-'n  us^:'  (“  Great 
or  Mighty  Disease.”)  Names  for  Epi- 
lepsy, which  see. 

Mor'bus  Xi'ger.*  (“Black  Dis- 
ease.”) See  Melina. 

Mor'bus IPe-dae-u-la'ris.*  (“  Lousy 
Disease.”)  See  Phthiriasis. 

Mor'bus  Re'gi-us.*  (“Royal  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  for  Icterus,  which  see. 

Mor'bus  Sa'cer.*  (“Sacred  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  given  to  epilepsy,  because 
epileptics  were  sometimes  supposed  to 
be  divinely  inspired.  See  Epilepsy. 

Mor-aSa/cfious.  [Mor'dax,  a 'cis; 
from  mor'deo,  to  “bite.”]  Biting;  pun- 
gent. 

Mor'dant.  [From  mor'deo,  to  “ bite 
hence,  “ to  take  a firm  held.”]  A sub- 
stance, used  by  dyers,  which  combines 
with  the  fabric  to  be  dyed,  in  order  to  fix 
the  coloring  matter. 

More  did.  = Mo' re  dic'to.*  “ In 
the  manner  directed.” 

Morgag'ni  (mor-g&n'yee)  Co-Bum'- 
ua?  Rec'tae.*  (“  Strait  Columns  of 
Morgagni.”)  The  longitudinal  plicae  of 
the  rectum. 

Morgag'ni  lA'quor*  (“Liquor  of 
Morgagni”),  otherwise  called  IHu'mor 
of  Morgag'ni.  A small  quantity 
of  fluid  between  the  crystalline  lens  and 
its  capsule  ; discovered  by  Morgagni. 

Morgag'ni,  Si'nus-es  of.  Three 
small  dilatations  at  the  beginning  of  the 
aorta,  first  pointed  out  by  Morgagni. 

Morgue  (Fr.),  moRg.  [From  the  Per- 
sian man/,  “death.”]  A dead-house,  or 
place  where  dead  bodies  that  have  been 


MOR 


MOT 


found  are  exposed,  in  order  to  be  recog- 
nized. 

Mo'rl-a.*  [Gr.  pwpta.]  Foolishness; 
fatuity. 

Mo-ri-tmn'diis.*  [From  mo'rior , to 
“die.”]  Dying;  ready  to  die. 

Mo-ri-for'mis.*  [From  mo' mm,  a 
“mulberry.”]  Having  the  form  of  a 
mulberry. 

Moringace*,i:  mor-in-ga'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees,  found 
in  the  East  Indies  and  Arabia.  It  con- 
sists of  a single  genus,  the  Morin' ga , 
which  has  been  used  as  a remedy  in  dis- 
eases of  the  urinary  organs. 

Mo-ri-o-plas'ti-ce.*  [From  pupiov,  a 
“part,”  and  nXaanKdg,  “ forming.”]  The 
restoration  of  lost  parts. 

Mor-o-co'mi-um.*  [From  p ' po 
“ idiotic,”  and  Kopt w,  to  “cure.”]  A lu- 
natic asylum,  or  house  for  the  reception 
and  treatment  of  the  insane. 

Mor-o-rio'clii-imi.*  [From  p 'pog, 
“ idiotic,* *’  and  6e\opai,  to  “ admit.”]  The 
same  as  Morocomium,  which  see. 

Mor-phi'na,i:  or  Mor'- 
plume.  [From  Mor'pheus,  the  god  of 
sleep  or  dreams.]  A vegetable  alkaloid, 
the  most  important  narcotic  principle  of 
opium.  It  is  mostly  given  in  the  form 
of  acetate,  sulphate,  or  muriate,  which  are 
very  similar  in  their  action.  Morphia  is, 
in  many  cases,  preferable  as  an  anod}rne 
to  opium,  because  it  is  less  apt  to  consti- 
pate the  bowels,  and  to  produce  headache 
or  other  unpleasant  effects.  It  is,  more- 
over, less  likely  to  be  rejected  by  an  irri- 
table stomach  than  opium  or  laudanum. 

Mor'pMiae,  or  Mor'pfiim.  The  same 
as  Morphia,  which  see. 

Mor-pho-grapBi  'ic.  [Morpho- 
graplu'icus.]  Belonging  to  morphog- 
raphy. 

Mar-plfo©g''ra-p3iy'.  [MorpBiogra'- 

p3uia;  from  pop'prj , a “ form,”  and  yp(i0oj,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  the  external 
forms  of  plants  or  animals. 

Mor-ptno-log'l-cal.  [Morpflnol©^'- 
icus.]  Relating  to  morphology. 

M©Bi-phol'o-£y.  [MorpBiolo'gia; 
from  pop0i?,  a “form,”  and  Aoyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  science  of  form  in  the 
organic  kingdom.  Morphology,  as  ap- 
plied to  plants,  is  analogous  to  the  com- 
parative anatomy  of  animals. 

Mor-pluol'y-sis.*  [From  popbr/,  a 
“form,”  and  A vco,  to  “dissolve.”]  The 
destruction  of  form  or  organization. 

Mor-ptio-met'ri-cal.  [Morpti©- 
onet/ricus.]  Belonging  to  morphometry. 

Mor-ptiom' e-try.  [Morpheme- 


tria;  from  pop<pf>,  a “ form,”  and  peipew,  to 
“measure.”]  The  art  of  measuring  or 
ascertaining  the  external  form  of  objects. 

Mor-pho-no'mi-a.*  [From  pop<pfi , a 
“ form,”  and  ropog,  a “ law.”]  The  science 
of  the  laws  of  formation : morphon'omy. 

Mor-pho'sis.^  [From  pupepd  w,  to 
“form.”]  A morbid  formation;  organic 
disease.  In  Botary,  the  manner  of  de- 
velopment. 

Morrhuse  Oleum.  See  Oleum 

Morrhuae. 

Mors,*  gen.  Mor'tis.  [From  popo;, 
“fate,”  or  “destiny.”]  The  absolute 
cessation  of  life;  death. 

Mor.  sol.  = Mo’re  sol'itu .*  “ In  the 

usual  way.” 

Mor'sus  EM-ab'o-li.*  (“Devil’s 
Bite.”)  A ridiculous  name  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  fimbriae  of  the  Fallopian  tubes. 

Mor  tar.  [Lat.  Morta  rium;  Fr. 
Mortier , moR'te-d'.]  A vessel  used  in 
Pharmacy  for  pulverizing  solid  sub- 
stances. 

Mor-ti-fi-ca'tion.  [Mortifica'tio, 

o ’nis;  from  mors , mor’tis , “death,”  and 
fa’ do,  to  “make.”]  The  loss  of  vitality 
in,  or  death  of,  a part. 

Mo'rus  Xi'gra.*  The  black  mul- 
berry tree. 

Mo  rns  Tinc-to'rS-a,*  [From  tin’- 
go,  tinc’tum* , to  “ dye,”  to  “ stain.”]  The 
plant  which  yields  the  yellow  dye  called 
fustic. 

Morve,  moRV.  The  French  term  for 
“glanders.”  See  Equinia. 

Mo-sa'i©  Gold.  [Au  rum  Musi'- 
v ib eii.]  The  alchemical  name  of  the  bi- 
sulpliuret  of  tin.  It  is  produced  in  flakes 
of  a gold  color,  and  is  used  as  a pigment. 

Mosa'ic  Sil'ver.  [Argen  tum  Mu- 
si'vum.]  Made  of  bismuth  and  tin 
melted  together,  with  the  addition  of 
quicksilver ; used  as  a silver  color. 

Mos-eliif'er-iis.*  [From  mos’ chits , 
“musk,”  and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bear- 
ing, or  yielding,  musk. 

Mos'clius.*  [Arab.  Mosch .]  Musk, 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  j|  of  a peculiar 
concrete  substance  obtained  from  the 
Moschus  moschifertts. 

Mos'ehus  Mos-eMf  'eras.*  The 
animal  from  which  musk  is  obtained ; 
the  musk-deer. 

Moss,  Pec'to-ral.  A common  name 
for  the  Li' chen  pulmona' rius. 

Mosses.  See  Musci. 

Moth 'er-Wa' ter.  The  residual  fluid 
after  evaporating  sea-water,  or  any  other 
solution  containing  salts,  and  taking  out 
the  crystals. 


341 


MOT 


MUG 


Motk'er’s  Mark.  A name  applied 
to  any  of  the  appearances  included  under 
the  term  Nse'vus  muter' mis. 

Mo'tion.  [Mo'tio,  o' nis  ; from  mo' - 
veo , mo' turn,  to  umove.”]  This  term  is 
employed  in  Animal  Physiology  to  de- 
note the  following  phenomena  : — 

1.  Voluntary  Jfotion.  The  spontaneous 
act  of  the  will  of  the  individual ; a func- 
tion attached  to  the  brain. 

2.  Excited  Motion , or  that  of  the  reflex 
function,  as  in  the  closure  of  the  larynx 
on  the  contact  of  acrid  vapors ; of  the 
pharynx  on  that  of  food,  etc. ; a function 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

3.  Motion  of  Irritability,  as  the  action 
of  the  heart,  the  intestinal  canal,  etc. ; a 
function  of  the  muscular  fibre. 

4.  Ciliary  Motion.  The  peculiar  vi- 
brating motion  of  the  cilia  of  animals. 

Mo'tor,*  plural  Mo-to'res.  [From 
the  same.]  A mover.  Applied  to  mus- 
cles, etc. 

Mo-to'res,*  gen.  Mo-to'rmn,  the 
plural  of  Motor. 

Moto'res  Oc-u-lo'rum.*  (“  Movers 
of  the  Eyes.”)  The  third  pair  of  nerves 
distributed  on  the  muscles  that  move  the 
eyeball. 

Mo  to-ry.  [From  mo'veo,  mo'tum,  to 
“move.”]  Causing  motion.  Applied  to 
nerves  which  convey  the  peculiar  stimu- 
lus which  excites  motion,  to  the  muscles. 

Mouu'taiii  Cork.  The  name  of  the 
elastic  Variety  of  asbestos.  See  Asees- 
tos. 

Moutarile,  moo'taRd'.  The  French 
name  for  Mustard,  which  see. 

Mouth.  See  Os,  and  Faux. 

Mox'a.*  [From  the  Japanese.]  A 
soft  woolly  substance  prepared  from  the 
dried  young  leaves  of  Artemisia  Chinen- 
sis  and  A.  Indica,  and  burned  on  the 
skin  to  produce  an  eschar,  with  a view 
to  cause  revulsion. 

Mox-i-bu'ri-uin.*  [From  mox'a, 
and  u'ro,  to  “burn;”  the  b being  added 
for  the  sake  of  euphony,  as  in  the  case 
of  combustion  (from  con  or  com  and 
nstion).]  The  remedial  application  of£ 
the  moxa. 

Mox-os-phy'ra.*  [From  mox'a,  and 
ajjvpa,  a “hammer.”]  An  iron  hammer 
plunged  into  boiling  water  for  one  or 
two  minutes,  and  the  face  now  and  then 
applied  to  the  skin  as  counter-irritant 
or  rubefacient. 

Muc.  = Mucila'  cfo.%  “Mucilage.” 

Mu'cate.  [Mu'cas,  a'/<«.]  A com- 
bination of  mucic  acid  with  a base. 

Mu'cic.  [Mu'cicus;  from  mu' c us, 
342 


“mucus,”  or  “gum.”]  Belonging  to 
gum.  Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

Mu  cl-lage.  [Miieila'g'O,  g*'  i n is  ; 
from  the  same.]  An  aqueous  solution 
of  gum. 

Mu-ei-lag'i-nes,*  the  plural  of  Mu- 

cilago,  which  see. 

Mw-ci-lag'i-nous.  [Mueilagimi©'- 
sns;  from  mucila'yo , “mucilage.”]  Be- 
longing to  mucilage,  or  to  gum  ; gummy. 

Mu-ci-lag©,*  gen.  Mu-ci-lag  i-nis, 

the  Latin  for  Mucilage,  which  see. 

Mucila'yo  Aca'cise*  (a-ka'she-c.) 
(“Mucilage  of  Acacia,”  or  of  Gum  Ara- 
bic.) Take  of  gum  arabic,  in  pieces, 
four  troyounces ; water,  half  a pint. 
Add  the  water  to  the  gum  arabic,  agi- 
tate occasionally  until  it  is  dissolved, 
and  strain. 

Mwcila'g-o  Sas'sa-fras*  (“  Mucilage 
of  Sassafras  ”),  or  In-fu'sum  Sas'sa- 
fras  Me-dul'lae,*  1850  (“  Infusion  of 
Sassafras  Pith”).  Take  of  sassafras 
pith,  one  hundred  and  twenty  grains; 
water,  a pint.  Macerate  for  three  hours, 
and  strain. 

Mucila'g©  Trag-a-can  'tlfose.*  (“Mu- 
cilage of  Tragacanth.”)  Take  of  trag- 
acanth,  a troyounce;  boiling  water,  a 
pint.  Macerate  the  tragacanth  with  the 
water  for  twenty-four  hours,  occasion- 
ally stirring;  then  rub  them  together, 
so  as  to  render  the  mixture  uniform,  and 
strain  forcibly  through  muslin. 

Mucila'g©  Ul'mi*  (“  Mucilage  of 
Elm,”  that  is,  Mucilage  of  Slippery  Elm 
Bark),  or  In-fu'sum  1850 

(“Infusion  of  Elm  [Bark]”).  Take  of 
slippery  elm  bark,  sliced  and  bruised,  a 
troyounce ; boiling  water,  a pint.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours  in  a covered  vessel, 
and  strain. 

Mu’cin.  [Muci'na;  from  mu'eus, 
“ mucus,”  or  “ gum.”]  The  peculiar 
animal  matter  of  mucus. 

Mii-cip  a-rous.  [Mucip'arus;  from 

mu'eus,  “mucus,”  or  “gum,”  and pa'rio, 
to  “produce.”]  Producing  or  secreting 
mucus. 

Mu-ci'tfis,  id  is*  Inflammation  of  a 
mucous  membrane.  Applied  to  the  dis- 
ease named  Gonorrhoea,  Baptorrhoca, 
Blennorrhaejia,  etc. 

Mu-civ 'o-rotis.  [Miioiv'orus ; from 
mu'eus,  and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”]  Eating 
mucus.  Applied  to  certain  insects. 

Mu'co-^ele.*  [From  mu'eus,  and 
a “tumor.”]  Literally,  a tumor  in- 
volving a mucous  membrane  or  tissue. 
Applied  to  an  enlargement  of  the  lacry- 
mal  sac,  occasioning  fistula  lacrymalis. 


MUC 


MUL 


Mn'coid.  [Mucoi'des;  from  mu' cits, 
“ mucus/’  and  dd ug,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling mucus. 

Mai  co-Pu'rsi-lent,  Mu-co'so-Pn'- 
rudent.  [Mu'co-  or  Miu*o'so*puru- 
lem'lias;  from  mu'cus,  muco'sus  “mu- 
cous,” and  pus,  “matter.”]  Of  the  na- 
ture of  mingled  mucus  and  pus. 

Mu'cous.  [Muco'snas;  from  mu’cus, 
‘‘mucus,”  or  “gum.”]  Belonging  to,  or 
resembling,  mucus. 

Mu'coiis  Fol'lS-clIes.  [FoMic'uli 
Mqbco'sb.]  The  follicles  or  minute 
glands  belonging  to  the  mucous  mem- 
branes. Their  office  is  to  secrete  mucus. 

Mucous  Membranes.  See  Mem- 
branes. 

Mucous  Tumor.  See  Myxoma. 

Mu-cro-na'ta  Far-tl-la'go.* 

(“  Pointed  Cartilage.”)  The  ensiform 
cartilage  of  the  sternum. 

Mu'ero-uate,  or  Mu'cro-nat-e<l. 
[Mueromi'tus;  from  mu'cro,  a “short, 
sharp  point.”]  Having  a sharp  point. 

Mu-cro-nif'er-ns.*  [From  mu'cro , 
a “sharp  point,”  and  fc'ro,  to  “carry.”] 
Bearing  straight,  stiff  points : mucro- 
nif 'erous. 

Mu-ero-iBfl-fo'li-us.*  [From  mu'cro, 
a “sharp  point,”  and  f o' limn,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  mucronated  leaves. 

M aj-ero-ni-lbr  mis.  ::  [From  mu'cro , 
a “ sharp  point.”]  Having  the  form  of  a 
point:  mucron'iform. 

Mu-ciron'u-late.  [Mucrouula'- 
tus ; from  mucron'ula,  diminutive  of 
mu'cro,  a “point.”]  Having  a minute, 
abrupt  point. 

Mu-cu'ma.*  Cowhage.  A Linnsean 
genus  of  the  class  Diadelphia,  natural 
order  Leguminosec.  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  for  the  hairs  from  the  pod  of  Mu- 
cuna  pruriens. 

Mucn'na  Pru'ri-ens.5  (“Itching 
Mucuna.”)  The  plant  which  yields  cow- 
hage, or  cowitch,  formerly  called  the 
Dolichos  pruriens . 

Mu'cus.*  [Gr.  /iiifa;  Fr.  3/uqueux 
animal,  miikuh'  Ane'm&l'.]  Animal 
mucus,  one  of  the  primary  fluids  of  the 
animal  body.  (See  Phlegm.)  Also,  gum, 
or  vegetable  mucus. 

Mudar,  muh-dar',  or  Ma-dar'.  A 
name  of  the  Calot' ropis  Gig  ante'  a (other- 
wise called  Calot'  roq>  is  Mada'rii),  the 
bark,  root,  and  juice  of  which  are  used 
in  India  as  a remedy  for  elephanti'- 
asis. 

Mnd'a-rin,  Mud'a-rme,  or  Mad'a- 

rin.  The  active  principle  of  the  mudar. 
It  is  remarkable  for  its  property  of  co- 


agulating by  heat,  and  becoming  again 
fluid  on  exposure  to  cold. 

Mul'ber-ry.  The  fruit  of  the  Morus 
nigra. 

Mul'berry  Fal'cu-lus.  A species 
of  urinary  calculus,  consisting  of  oxalate 
of  lime,  and  named  from  its  rough  and 
tuberculated  surface,  resembling  that  of 
a mulberry. 

Mu  1 'berry -Tree.  The  common  name 
for  different  trees  of  the  genus  Mo'rus, 
but  applied  especially  to  the  Mo'  rusni'gra. 

Mu-lo-med'I-cus.*  [From  mu'lus,  a 
“ mule,”  and  med'icus,  a “ physician.”] 
A veterinary  surgeon,  or  horse-doctor. 

Mul-tasa  gu-lar.  [Muhangiila  - 
ris;  from  mul'tus , “many,”  and  an'gu- 
l us,  a “corner.”]  Having  many  angles, 
or  corners. 

Mul-Bau-gM-la/tus.**  [From  mul’tus , 
“many,”  and  an'gulns,  a “corner.”] 
Many-cornered;  having  many  corners, 
or  angles,  as  the  shell  of  the  Tclli'na 
multangula'ta. 

MuB-ti-»x-ifi''er-ous.*  [From  mul'tus, 
“many,”  ax' is,  and  fc'ro,  to  ‘‘bear.”] 
Applied  to  an  inflorescence  when  it  pre- 
sents more  than  three  axes  of  vegetation. 

Mui-ii-bufl-bo'sus.**  [From  mul'tus, 
“ many,”  and  but' bus,  a “bulb.”]  Having 
numerous  bulbs. 

Mul-ti-cap'sw-lar.  [Mmltioapsu- 
la'ris;  from  mul'tus , “many,”  and  cap'- 
sula,  a “capsule.”]  Having  many  cap- 
sules. 

Mul-tn-caM'dus.*'  [From  mul'tus, 
“many,”  and  cau'cla,  a ‘‘tail.”]  Having 
many  tails,  or  many  prolongations  in 
the  form  of  tails. 

Miil-ti-cauTis.*'  [From  mul'tus, 
“many,”  and  cau'lis,  a “stem.”]  Hav- 
ing numerous  stems : multicau'line. 

Mul-ta-coc'cws.**  [From  mul'tus, 
“ many,”  and  coc'cus,  a “ berry,”  or 
“capsule.”]  Having  many  berries,  or 
many  seeds. 

Mul-ta-em-bry-o-aia'fus.*  [From 
mul'tus,  “many,”  and  cm'bryo.']  Applied 
to  seeds  which  contain  more  than  one 
embryo. 

Mul-tif'er-oias.  [Multif 'crus; 

from  mul'tus,  “many,”  and  fc'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  flowers  and  fruits 
many  times  in  the  course  of  a year. 

Mul'ta-flM,  or  Mul-4if 'i-dous. 
[MuSlif'idus;  from  mul'tus,  “many,” 
and  Jin' do,  to  “cleave,”  or  “divide.”] 
Many-cleft ; having  many  divisions.  Ap- 
plied to  a muscle  of  the  spine  which  has 
numerous  attachments ; also,  to  leaves. 

Mul-tiT'i-dus  Spi'nae.**  (“Many- 
343 


MUL 


MUR 


Cleft  [Muscle]  of  the  Spine.”)  See 
Transversalis  Dorsi. 

Mul-ti-flo'rous.  [Multiflo'rus ; 

from  mul'tus,  “many,”  and  jlos,  a “ flow- 
er.”] Having  numerous  flowers. 

Mul-tif 'o-rus.*  [From  mul'tus, 

“many,”  and  fo'ro,  to  “pierce”  (from 
fo'ris , a “ door,”  or  “ opening”).]  Pierced 
by  numerous  holes. 

Mul-tl-geni'ml-us.*  [From  mul'tus, 
“many,”  and  gem'ma,  a “hud.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a tubercle  containing  many 
buds,  as  those  of  the  potato. 

Mul-tij'u-gate.  [Multijuga'tus ; 
from  mul'tus,  “ many,”  and  ju'gum,  a 
“ yoke.”]  Having  many  pairs,  as  a pin- 
nate leaf  with  ten  or  more  leaflets. 

Mul-til'o-bate.  [Maltiloha'tus ; 
from  mul'tus , “many,”  and  lo'bus,  a 
“ lobe.”]  Divided  into  many  lobes. 

Mul-ti-loc'u-lar.  [Miiltilocula'- 
ris;  from  mul'tus,  “ many,”  and  loc'ulus , 
a “ cell.”]  Having  many  cells. 

Mul-tl-ner-va' [From  mul'tus, 
“ many,”  and  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”]  Ap- 
plied to  leaves  having  many  nerves: 
multiner'vate. 

Mul-ti-o-vu-Ia'tus.*'  [From  mul'tus, 
“many,”  and  o'vulum,  a “little  egg.”] 
Containing  many  ovules. 

Mul-tip 'a-rous.  [Multip'arus ; 

from  mul'tus,  “ many,”  and  pa'rio,  to 
“ bring  forth  young.”]  Applied  to  ani- 
mals bringing  forth  several  young  ones 
at  a birth. 

Mul'tip-ar-tite,  or  mal-te-par'tlt. 
[Multi  parti 't  us ; from  mul'tus,  “ma- 
ny,” and  parti'  tus,  “divided.”]  Divided 
into  many  parts. 

Mul'ti-pes,  p 'eel is*  [From  mul'tus, 
“ many,”  and  pes,  a “foot.”]  Mul'tiped, 
or  mul'tipede.  Having  many  feet.  Ap- 
plied to  the  Oniscus  asellus.  See  Mil- 

L1PED. 

Mul-ti-pet-a-Ia'tus.  [From  mul'- 
tus, “many,”  and  pet'alon,  a “petal.”] 
Multipet'alous.  Having  many  petals. 

Mul'li-ple.  [Multiplex,  pi  ids; 
from  mul'tus,  “mnny,”  and  pli'eo,  to 
“ plait.”]  Multiple  fruits  are  those  which 
result  from  the  aggregation  of  several 
flowers  (or  ovaries)  into  one  mass,  as  the 
pine-apple. 

Mul-tipli-cate.  [Mufltiplica'tus ; 

from  the  same.]  Applied  to  flowers 
which  become  double  by  the  transforma- 
tion of  parts  of  the  floral  whorls  into 
petals. 

Mul-tiv'o-rous.  [Multiv'orus ; 

from  mul'tus,  “ many,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “de- 
vour.”] Devouring  much ; voracious. 
344 


Muniisatio  (mu-me-sa'she-o),  o 'nis.* 
[From  mu'mia,  a “mummy.”]  The  pre- 
servation of  a dead  body ; also  called 
Balsamatio.  See  Embalming. 

Mummification  See  Embalming. 

lum  my.  [Mu'mia.]  A body  which 
has  undergone  the  process  of  embalming. 

Mumps.  The  common  name  for 
Parotitis,  which  see. 

Mun'dic.  A name  for  iron  pyrites. 

Mun'go.  The  root  of  the  Ophior- 
rhiza  mwKjos,  supposed  to  be  a specific 
for  the  bite  of  the  cobra  de  capello  and 
the  rattlesnake.  * 

Miaqueux  Animal.  The  French 
term  for  Mucus,  which  see. 

Mu'rex.*  A genus  of  shell-fish  noted 
for  yielding  a purple  dye,  the  celebrated 
Tyrian  purple  of  the  ancients. 

Mu-rex'au.  A name  given  by  Liebig 
to  the  purpuric  acid  of  Prout. 

Mu-rexl-a.*  A term  applied  by 
Liebig  to  what  Prout  named  the  purpu- 
rate  of  ammonia. 

Mu'rl-ate.  [Mu'rias,  a'ffi?.]  Ap- 
plied to  the  chlorides  and  hydrochlo- 
rates, when  muriatic  acid  was  ranged 
among  the  oxacids. 

Mu'riate  of  Am-mo'ni-a  [Am- 
mo'niae  Mu'rias],  formerly  called 
Sal-Am-mo'ni-ac.  A white,  fibrous 
salt,  with  a pungent  saline  taste,  but  no 
smell.  It  was  formerly  imported  from 
Ammonia,  Egypt,  whence  its  name. 
Muriate  of  ammonia  has  a ploce  in  the 
United  States  and  British  Pharmaco- 
poeias. It  is  employed  principally  as  a 
discutient. 

Mu'ri-at-cd.  [Muria'tus.]  Com- 
bined with  chlorine. 

Mu-ri-at'ic.  [Muriat'icus ; from 
mu'ria,  “brine.”]  Belonging  to,  or  de- 
rived from,  sea-salt. 

Muriat'ie  A$'id.  [A^'idum  Muri- 
at  icum.]  The  common  name  of  an 
acid  prepared  from  common  salt  by  the 
action  of  sulphuric  acid.  Now  frequently 
called  hydrochloric  acid.  Muriatic  acid 
is  a tonic,  refrigerant,  and  antiseptic,  and 
is  often  administered  with  advantage  in 
low  fevers.  See  Hydrochloric. 

Mii-ri-at-5f 'er-us.-'  [From  mu'ria , 
“brine,”  and  fc'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Applied 
to  bodies  containing  chlorine,  or  a com- 
pound of  chlorine. 

Mu'ri-cate.  [Murica'tus ; from 
mu'rica,  a “sharp  point”?]  Rough, 
with  short  and  hard  points. 

Mu-ri-cu-la'tus**  [Diminutive  of 
mu'rica,  a “ sharp ’point.”]  Furnished 
with  small  points  : muric'ulate. 


MUR 


MUS 


Mu'rl-clse.*  [From  mus , mu' r is,  a 
“mouse.”]  A name  applied  to  a family 
of  the  Mammifera  Rodentia,  having  the 
mouse  {Mus)  for  their  type. 

Muriuur.  See  Respiratory  Mur- 
mur. 

Musaceae,*  mu-za'she-e,  or  Mu's®.* 
An  important  natural  order  of  endoge- 
nous plants,  mostly  tropical.  It  in- 
cludes the  Mu' sa  supien'  turn  (the  plan- 
tain), the  fruit  of  which  is  perhaps  the 
most  valuable  article  of  food  used  in  the 
tropics.  The  Mu'sa  tcx' tills  affords  a fibre 
from  which  fine  muslin  is  made  in  India. 

Mws'ca,*  plural  Mus^se.  A genus 
of  the  Dip' tern  Atherice'ra,  including  the 
common  house-fly. 

Mus'ca  MSs-paEB'’i-0'Ia.*  The  blis- 
tering fly.  See  Cantharis. 

Mus'^ae  Vol-S-tau'tes.*  (“  Hover- 
ing Flies ;”  Fr.  Mouches  volantcs,  moosli' 
vo'loxt'.)  An  affection  of  the  eyes,  in 
which  mote-like  objects,  or  those  re- 
sembling gnats  or  small  insects,  arc  seen 
to  hover  before  the  sight.  See  Meta- 

1I0RPH0PSIA. 

Mus'<5i*  [the  plural  of  mus'cus, 
“moss”],  or  Bryaceae,*  bri-a'she-e. 
Mosses.  A natural  order  of  minute, 
small-leaved  cryptogamic  plants.  They 
usually  grow  in  moist  situations,  and 
are  more  common  in  temperate  climates 
than  in  the  tropics. 

Mus-^ic'a-Ius.*  [From  mus'cus , 
“ moss,”  and  co'lo , to  “inhabit.”]  In- 
habiting the  mosses.  Applied  to  certain 
minute  fungi . 

Mus-^ig'e-nns.*  [From  mus'cus, 
“moss,”  and  ge'no,  an  antique  form  of 
gif  no,  to  “produce.”]  Produced  among 
mosses.  Applied  to  a species  of  fungus. 

Muscle.  See  Musculus. 

Muscles,  Diseases  alFectiug’  tlie. 
See  Cineticus. 

Mus'coid.  [Miiscoi'des;  fromwwa'- 
cu3,  “ moss,”  and  adoj,  a “ form.”]  Re- 
sembling moss. 

Mus-co-log T-cal.  [Muscolog'icus.] 
Belonging  to  muscology. 

Mus-col'o-gy.  [Muscolo'gia;  from 
mus'cus , “moss,”  and  \6yog,  a “dis- 
course.”] That  branch  of  Botany  which 
treats  of  mosses. 

Mus-copti'i-lus.*  [From  mus'cus, 
“moss,”  and  <pi\sci),  to  “love.”]  Living 
or  growing  among  mosses. 

Musculaire.  See  Muscular. 

Mus'cu-lar.  [Miiscula'ris ; from 
mus' cuius,  a “muscle.”]  (Fr.  Musculaire, 
miis'ku'leR'.)  Relating  to  a muscle,  or 
abounding  in  muscle. 

30 


Mus'cular  Fi'bre.  [Fibril'la  Mus* 
cularis.]  The  fibres  composing  the 
body  of  a muscle,  disposed  in  distinct  fas- 
ciculi, or  bundles,  divisible  into  smaller, 
and  these  into  less.  There  are  two  well- 
marked  varieties : the  striped  muscular 
fibre  occurs  in  the  voluntary  muscles,  and 
is  named  from  its  conspicuous  cross- 
markings; the  unstriped  muscular  fibre 
is  found  in  the  alimentary  canal,  the  ute- 
rus, and  the  bladder,  and  is  destitute  of 
such  cross-markings. 

Mus'cular  Mo  tion.  [Mo'tio  Mus- 
cula'ris.]  The  motion  caused  by  the 
contraction  of  the  muscles.  Muscular 
motions  are  of  three  kinds,  voluntary, 
involuntary,  and  mixed,  according  to 
the  character  of  the  muscles  by  which 
they  are  performed. 

Muscular  Texture  or  Tissue.  See 
Muscular  Fibre. 

Mus'cu-li,*  gen.  Mus-cu-lo'ruin, 

the  plural  of  Musculus,  which  see. 

Mus'culi  Pcc-ti-na'ti.*  (“Pecti- 
nated Musc’es.”)  [Frim  pcc’icn,  a 
“comb.”]  The  name  of  the  muscular 
fasciculi  found  within  the  auricles  of 
the  heart,  supposed  to  resemble  the  teeth 
of  a comb. 

Mus'cu-lo-Cu-ta'ne-ous.  [Mus'cu- 
lo-C/uta'neus ; from  mus' cuius,  “mus- 
cle,” and  cu'tis,  the  “skin.”]  Belonging 
to,  or  connected  with,  the  skin  and  adja- 
cent muscles.  Applied  to  several  nerves 
in  different  parts  of  the  body. 

Mus'cu-lous.  [Musculo  sus:  from 
mus' cuius,  a “ muscle.”  ] Muscular. 

Mus'cu-lus,::  plural  Mus'cu-li. 

[Diminutive  of  mus,  a “ mouse;”  from  its 
resemblance  to  a flayed  mouse.]  Muscle, 
the  organ  (or  means)  of  motion  in  ani- 
mals. A muscle  may  be  defined  as  a dis- 
tinct portion  of  flesh,  susceptible  of  con- 
traction and  relaxation,  by  which  motion 
and  action,  voluntary,  involuntary,  and 
mixed,  are  produced. 

Musculus  Cu-ta'ne-us.*  (“Cuta- 
neous Muscle.”)  The  Platysma  Myodes, 
which  see. 

Mus'cus.*  [From  n6cr\og,  a “young, 
tender  shoot.”]  The  Latin  word  for 
“moss.”  See  Musci. 

Mus'cus  Cra'ni-i  Kiwna'ni.* 

(“Moss  of  the  Human  Skull.”)  See 
Lichen  Saxatilts. 

Mus'cus  Is-laiB 't5i-cos.*  (“Iceland 

Moss.”)  The  Cetra'ria  Islan'clica , or 
Li'chen  Islan'dicus. 

Mu-se'um.*  [From  /xovaa,  a “muse;” 
because  the  Muses  were  supposed  to 
preside  over  learning,  art,  and  science.] 
345 


MUS 


MYC 


Originally,  a place  consecrated  to  the 
Muses;  a study,  library,  etc.  A collec- 
tion of  curious  objects  in  nature  and 
art,  but  more  especially  of  the  former. 
The  name  is  said  to  have  been  first  given 
by  Ptolemy  Philadelphus  to  that  part  of 
the  royal  palace  at  Alexandria  in  which 
was  contained  the  famous  library. 

Mushroom.  See  Agaricus. 

Mu'si-co-Ma'ni-a.*  A species  of 
Melancholia,  characterized  by  an  extreme 
fondness  for  music. 

Muslt.  See  Moschus. 

Mu'so-Ma'm-^.*  Applied  to  the  va- 
riety of  tar  antis  mas  in  which  the  patients 
are  music-mad.  See  Musico-Mania. 

Mussel,  Eil'i-t>le.  The  Mytilus 
Edulis,  which  see. 

Mus-si-ta'tion.  [Mussita'tio, o'nis; 
from  mus'sito,  mussita'tum,  to  “mutter.”] 
Muttering;  a morbid  symptom  consist- 
ing in  the  movement  of  the  lips  of  the 
sick  without  the  production  of  articulate 
sounds. 

Must.  [Mus'tum.]  Juice  of  the 
grape  newly  expressed ; by  fermentation 
it  becomes  wine. 

Mus  tard.  [Lat.  Sma'pis;  Fr.  Mou- 
tarde,  moo'taud'.]  The  seeds  of  Si  nap  is 
alba  and  S.  nigra  reduced  to  flour,  and 
deprived  of  their  fixed  oil  by  expression. 

Mu  ta-^isan.  [Mutacis'mus;  from 
mu'tus , “mute,”  “ dumb.”]  Inability  to 
enunciate  properly  certain  mute  letters, 
especially  the  labial  consonants  b,  p,  and 
m ; leading  to  their  frequent  repetition, 
or  the  substitution  of  other  letters  for 
thiin. 

Mu-tida/tioii.  [Mutila'tio,  o’nis; 
from  mu' tilo,  mutila'tum,  to  “maim,”  to 
“ mangle.”]  The  condition  which  results 
from  the  loss  or  excision  of  a member, 
organ,  or  part. 

Mutisms.  See  Mutitas. 

Mu'ti-tas,  a 'tin.*  [From  mu’tus, 
“dumb.”]  (Fr.  Mutisme,  mii't&zm'.) 
Dumbness ; inability  to  articulate.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Dyscinesiee,  class  Lo- 
cales, of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Mutitas  A-ton'I-ca.*  (“Atonic 
Dumbness.”)  Dumbness  arising  from 
an  affection  of  the  nerves  of  the  tongue. 

Mu'tita*  Or-gan'f-ca.*  (“Organic 
Dumbness.”)  Dumbness  resulting  from 
removal  or  injury  of  the  tongue. 

Mu'tilas  Sur-ilo rum. * (“Dumb- 
ness of  the  Deaf.”)  Dumbness  arising 
from  having  been  born  deaf,  or  having 
become  so  in  infancy. 

My-jU'&I-a.*  [From  y»g,  a “muscle,” 
and  aAyof,  “ pain.”]  Pain  in  the  muscles. 
346 


My-al'gic.  [Myal'gicus.]  Belongs 
ing  to  myalgia. 

My-as-tbe-ni'a.*  [From  yvg,  a “ mus- 
cle,” and  doQteeia,  “ debility.”]  Muscular 
debility. 

My-as-ttien  'ic.  [Myasthenic  us.] 

Belonging  to •myasthenia. 

My-^e  li-uiii.-  [From  yv Kv,g,  a “ fun- 
gus.”] The  filamentous  expansion  from 
which  the  fructification  of  a fungus  is 
developed. 

My-$et-o-£en'e-sis.*  [From  yvxrjg, 
yVKrjTOg,  “mushroom,”  and  ybcatg,  “gene- 
ration.”] The  origin,  or  first  develop- 
ment, of  mushrooms. 

My-^et-o-i'cles.*  [From  yvicng,  a 
“mushroom,”  and  e~ih>:,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a mushroom. 

My-^e-toll  o-gy.  [Mycetolo'gia ; 
from  yvxrjs,  a “mushroom,”  and  A 6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  mushrooms; 
the  science  of  mushrooms. 

My-eo-cfier'ma,  a '«•<?.*  [From  y'neog, 
“ mucus,”  and  6 syya,  the  “ skin.”]  The 
mucous  membrane : my'coderm. 

Myc-o-der’mis,  i dis*  [From  yvxrig, 
a “mushroom,”  and  Iqya,  the  “skin.”] 
A genus  of  fungous  growths,  forming 
the  crusts  offavus. 

My-eo-der-mi'tis,  i dis.%  [From 

yvKog,  u mucus,”  and  iipya,  the  “skin.”] 
Inflammation  of  a mucous  membrane. 

My  - co  - der  - mo  - spEta  ' ce  - lus.* 
[From  yjKog,  “ mucus,”  dlpya,  the  “skin,” 
and  spha'  cdus.]  Sphacelus , or  gangrene 
of  a mucous  membrane. 

My  -co-di-ar-rEi«e'a.*  [From  yvxog, 
“mucus,”  and  fadfpoa,  a “flow  from 
the  bowels.”]  Mucous  or  pituitous  diar- 
rhoea. 

My-co-dys-em-te'ri-a.*  [From 

yvKog,  “mucus,”  and  inaejTCpia,  “dysen- 
tery.”] Mucous  or  pituitous  dysentery. 

My-eo-dysp-noe'a.*  [From  yvxog, 
“mucus,”  and  Svcrireota,  “difficulty  of 
breathing.”]  Mucous  or  pituitous  dysp- 
noea. 

My-co-gras-trl'tlls,  i dis.®  [From 
y'fsog,  “ mucus,”  and  gastri'tis,  “inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach.”]  Mucous  gas- 
tritis. 

My-co-i'des.*  [From  yvxrjg,  a “fun- 
gus.”] Resembling  a fungus;  fungoid. 
See  Spoxgoidks. 

My-col'o-£y.  [Myeolo'gD* : from 
yv<?ig,  a “ mushroom,”  and  A <5yog,  a “ dis- 
course.”] A treatise  cn  mushrooms;  or 
the  science  of  the  fungi. 

My-eopb-tbiU'iiil-a.*  [From  yvxng, 
a “ mushroom,”  and  6(Ji0a\y6g,  the  “eye.”] 
Fungous  inflammation  of  the  eye. 


MYC 


MYL 


My-co'sis.*  [From  yvxog,  “ mucus.”] 
A mucous  polypus. 

My-co'sis.*  [From  yvxrjg,  a “ fun- 
gus.”] A fungous  fleshy  tumor. 

My-dri'a-sis.  i:  [From  yvdog,  “ mois- 
ture”?] A preternatural  dilatation  of 
the  pupil ; or,  according  to  some  writers, 
weakness  of  sight  resulting  from  an  ex- 
cess of  watery  humors. 

My-e-lJll  gl-a.*  [From yue\og,  umar- 
row,”  and  aXyog , “ pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
spinal  marrow. 

My-e-largi-cus.*  Belonging  to 
myelalyia:  myelal'gic. 

My-e-lan-a-lo'sis.*  [From  y')e\6g, 
“ marrow,”  and  dvciXoatg,  “ wasting.”] 
Tabes  dorsalis,  or  wasting  of  the  spinal 
marrow. 

My'el-ap-o-plex'I-a.*  [From  yvc\og, 
“ marrow,”  and  diroit\ri^La,  “ stupor,” 
“apoplexy.”]  Apoplexy  of  the  spinal 
marrow;  haemorrhage  or  discharge  of 
blood  into  the  spinal  marrow. 

My-e-la'ri-us.*  [From  yve\6g,  “mar- 
row.”] Having  a spinal  marrow.  A 
term  applied  to  vertebrated  animals. 

My'e-la-tfro'pBai-a.*  [From  y^eXog, 
“ marrow,”  and  drpofta,  “ wasting.”] 
Tabes  dorsalis,  or  wasting  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  See  Myelanalosis. 

My-e-la-lfopli'i-cus.;;:*  Belonging 
to  myelatrophia. 

My-e-laMx'e.:if  [From  yve\og,  “mar- 
row,” and  av\r],  “increase.”]  Morbid 
increase  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

My'e-leaa-^eplB'a-lBis.-  [From  yy e - 
Xof,  “marrow,”  also  “brain,”  and  iyxipaXog, 
“within  the  head.”]  Having  a brain; 
belonging  to  the  brain. 

My-e-let-e-ro'sas.*  [From  y'cXog, 
“ marrow,”  and  tripueng,  “ alteration.”] 
Morbid  alteration  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

My'e-Hne.  [From  y^\6g,  “marrow.”] 
Applied  by  Virchow  to  the  medullary  mat- 
ter filling  the  space  between  the  axis-cyl- 
inder and  sheath  of  the  nerve-fibres. 

My-e-li'tis.*  [F rom y >!e\ 6g,  “ marrow .”] 
Inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

My'e-lo-di-as'ta-sis.*  [From  yveXog, 
“ marrow,”  and  didcraoig,  a “ separation.”] 
Disintegration  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

My'e-loid.  [Myeloi'des;  from 
jrucXdj,  “marrow,”  or  “brain,”  and  eidog, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  marrow. 

My-e-Io'ma,  a tis*  [From  yveXog, 
“marrow.”]  Medullary  tumor ; a tumor 
containing  a brain-like  substance. 

Myelomalacia*  (-la'she-a).  [From 
fve\6g,  “ marrow,”  and  ya^axia,  “ softness.”] 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

My'e-lo-men-in-gi'tis,  id  is* 


[From  fxieXog,  “marrow,”  and  y nviy%,  a 
“membrane.”]  Inflammation  ot  the 
theca,  or  membrane  investing  the  spinal 
marrow. 

Mye-lo-me'ninx.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  theca,  or  tough  hard  mem- 
brane enclosing  the  spinal  marrow. 

My-e-lom  y-ca,*  or  My-c-loin'y- 

^es,  e'tis .*  [From  yve\6g,  “marrow,” 
and  yvxqg,  a “ fungus.”]  The  same  as 
Myeloma,  which  see. 

My 'e-lon.*  [From  yy e\6g,  “marrow.”] 
A term  used  by  Owen  for  the  MeduVla 
spina'  lis. 

My-el'o-nal.  [Myelona'lls.]  Be- 
long to  the  myelon. 

My'e-lo-neu'ra.*  [From  yvs \og, 
“marrow,”  and  vevfov,  a “nerve.”]  The 
name  given  by  Rudolphi  to  a group  of 
articulated  animals,  because  their  ner- 
vous (or  ganglionic)  system  consists  of  a 
curd  analogous  to  the  spinal  marrow  of 
higher  animals. 

My-e-loptitlii-sis.*  [From  y't\6q, 
“marrow,”  and  <pOiaig,  a “wasting.”] 
The  same  as  Myelanalosis,  which  see. 

My-e-lo'sis.*  The  formation  or 
growth  of  myeloma. 

My'e-lo-spon'gus.*  [From  y'cXog, 
“marrow,”  and  v-oyyog,  a “sponge,”  or 
“fungus.”]  Medullary  fungus.  The 
same  as  Myeloma,  which  see. 

My-e-ner-gi'a.*  [From  yvg,  a 
“muscle,”  and  ivepyaa,  “ energy.”]  Mus- 
cular energy. 

My-e-ner'gi«cus.*  Belonging  to 

myenergia. 

My-en'ta-sis.*  [From  yvg,  a “mus- 
cle,” and  Evraoiq,  a “ slreiching.”]  A 
stretching  or  extending  of  the  muscles. 

My-i'lis,  idis*  [From  yvg , a “mus- 
cle.”] A term  for  inflammation  of  a 
muscle. 

Myl'c-doBi,  © n't  is*  [From  yv\rj,  a 
“mill,”  or  “molar  tooth,”  and  ocovg,  a 
“tooth.”]  An  extinct  gigantic  animal 
of  the  sloth  tribe,  some  remains  of  which, 
including  molar  teeth,  have  been  found. 

Myl'o-dus,  cl  on'tis.*  [From  the 

same.]  A molar  tooth. 

Myl-©-gl©s'sus.*  [From  yv\v,  a 
“mill,”  or  “molar  tooth,”  and  yX  oaa,  the 
“tongue.”]  Applied  to  some  muscular 
fibres,  arising  from  the  lower  jaw  near 
the  molar  teeth,  and  inserted  into  the 
base  of  the  tongue  and  walls  of  the 
pharynx.  It  is  considered  to  be  a portion 
of  the  Constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 

My'l©-My-©-i'de-ii»s.*  [From  yv\n, 
a “mill,”  and,  hence,  the  molar  teeth, 
and  Os  hyoi'des,  the  “hyoid  bone.”]  A 
347 


MYL 


MYO 


triangular  muscle,  arising  from  the  inside 
of  the  lower  jaw,  between  the  molar 
teeth  and  the  chin,  and  inserted  into  the 
Os  hyoides.  It  raises  the  Os  hyoides,  or 
depresses  the  jaw. 

My'lo-Plsar-yn-ge'us.^  One  of  the 

muscles  of  the  pharynx,  called  also  the 
constrictor  superior. 

My-o-car-di'tis.*  [From  yvg,  yvog,  a 
“muscle,”  and  /capJta,  the  “heart.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  muscles  of  the  heart. 

My-o-^epli-a-li'tis,  id  is.*  [From 
yvg,  y > 6 g,  a “ muscle,”  and  Kejiah'i,  the 
“ he  id.”]  Inflammation  of  the  muscles 
of  the  head. 

[From  y\, 

y>og,  a “muscle,”  KoiXia,  the  “belly,”  and 
uXyog,  “ pain.”]  Pain  in  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen. 

My-o-$oe-ll-i'tis,  i dis*  [From  yvg, 
yvog,  a “ muscle,”  and  KoiXia , “ belly.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  abdominal  muscles. 

My-o'des.*  [Gr.  yveidp; ; from  yvg,  yvog, 
a “muscle.”]  Like  muscle ; of  the  nature 
of  muscle.  See  Platysma  Myodes. 

My-o-des-op'si-a.*  [From  y Xa, 
a “ fly,”  a “ form,”  and  opig, 

“sight.”]  The  same  as  Metamor- 

PHOPSIA. 

My-o-rty-na'mi-a.^  [From  yvg , a 
“muscle,”  and  dvsaytg,  “power.”]  Mus- 
cular strength  or  power:  myodyn'amy. 

My-o-dy-  n am-I-o  m ' e- ter . [Mya- 
dyiiamioiii'etrunM;  from  yog,  a 
“muscle,”  dvsayig,  “power,”  and  yzrpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  as- 
certaining. the  amount  of  muscular 
power. 

My-o-dyai'i-a.*  [From  yvg , a “mus- 
cle,” and  o)v;> 7,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  a 
muscle. 

My-o-gas'ter.*  [From  y*g,  a “mus- 
cle,” and  yarrfip,  the  “belly.”]  The 
belly  or  thick  portion  of  a muscle. 

My-o-g’as'tric.  [Myogas'  tricais.] 

Belonging  to  the  belly  of  a muscle. 

My*o«grapl»'ic.  [Myog-rapBi'icas.] 
Belonging  to  myography. 

My-og'ra-pliy.  [Myogra'phia ; 
from  yvg,  a “muscle,”  and  ypd</>w,  to 
“ write.”]  A description  of  the  muscles. 

My-o-i'des.*  [From  yvg,  a “ mus- 
cle,” and  ado;,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
muscle,  or  flesh  : my'oid. 

My-o-leiii'ma,  a tin*  [From  yvg,  a 
“muscle,”  and  Xzyya,  a “covering.”] 
The  delicate  membranous  envelopment 
of  each  tibril  of  fleshy  or  muscular  fibre. 
See  Sarcolemma. 

My'o-llne.  [Myoli'na;  from  yvg,  a 
“muscle.”]  A name  for  the  elemen- 
348 


tary  substance  or  tissue  composing  the 
muscles. 

My-o-log^'ic.  [Myolog'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  myology. 

My-ol'o-gy.  [Myolo'gia;  from  yvg, 
a “muscle,”  and  Xoyog,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  the  muscles,  their  nature, 
structure,  and  functions.  That  branch 
of  Anatomy  which  treats  of  the  muscles. 

Myoumalacia,*  mi-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From  yvg,  a “muscle,”  and  yaXatda, 
“softness.”]  Softening  of  the  muscles 
or  flesh. 

My-on'o-sos,*  or  My-on'o-sns.^ 

[From  yvg,  a “ muscle,”  and  vfoog,  “ dis- 
ease.”] Disease  of  a muscle.  See  My- 
opathia. 

My-o-pal'mms.*  [From  yvg,  a 

“ muscle,”  and  naXyog , a “ rapid  motion.”] 
A nervous  movement  or  twitching  of 
the  muscles  or  tendons;  subsul'tus  ten'di- 
num. 

My-o-pa-tlii'a.*  [From  yvg,  a 

“ muscle,”  and  n uOog,  “ affection,”  or 
“ disease.”]  Severe  muscular  pains  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  womb,  and  in- 
terfering with  its  action. 

My-<n>-patBi'I-ctis.*  Belonging  to 
myopathia. 

My-©p'ic.  [Myop'icws.]  Belong- 
ing to  myopy. 

My-©-E*ol-y-plas-i-as'mms,*  or 
My-o-po-lyp' la-sis.*  [From  yvg,  a 

“ muscle,”  TxoXvg,  “ many,”  and  irXaaig,  a 

“ formation,”  or  “ moulding.”]  A model- 
ling of  the  numerous  muscles,  represented 
lying  over  each  other. 

Myoporacea?,*  mi-o-po-ra'she-e. 
[From  My  op'  or  um,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  Australia,  and  other  tropical 
regions.  It  includes  the  Avicennia 
(White  Mangrove)  of  Brazil,  which  is 
used  for  tanning. 

My'o-py.  [Jlyo'pia;  from  yv 00,  to 
“contract,”  to  “close,”  and  top,  the 
“eye;”  because  near-sighted  people  par- 
tially close  the  eyes  when  looking  at  dis- 
tant objects.]  Near-sightedness. 

My-or-rEieu'ma,  at  is*  [From  yvg, 
a “ muscle,”  and  psvya,  a “ flow,”  or 
“rheum.”]  The  lancinating  pains  of 
rheumatism.  See  Rheumatism. 

My-o  r-  r hex ' is.*  [From  yvg,  a 

“muscle,”  and  pi)%tg,  a “rupture.”]  La- 
ceration of  one  or  more  muscles. 

My-o-s^eii-o-ft-ra'phi-a.*  [From 
yvg,  a “ muscle,”  and  oK^vaypafna,  the 
“ art  of  scene-painting.”]  A pictorial 
representation  of  the  muscles : myo- 
scenog'raphy. 


MYO 


MYR 


My-o'sis.*  [From  pvw,  to  “ con- 
tract.”] Contraction,  or  too  small  per- 
foration, of  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 

My-o-si'tis,  id  is.*  [From  pvg,  a 
“muscle.”]  Inflammation  of  a muscle. 

My-o-spas'mus.*  [From  pvg,  a 
“ muscle,”  and  onaopdg,  a “convulsion.”] 
Spasm  or  cramp  of  a muscle. 

My-os'ti-cus.*  [From  pvg,  “muscle,” 
and  oyriojy  “bone.”]  Belonging  to  bone 
and  muscle.  Applied  to  certain  diseases. 
My-o-te-not'o-iny.  [Myotenoto- 

cilia;  from  pvg,  a “muscle,”  tcvcjv,  a 
“tendon,”  and  repvu),  to  “cut.”]  The 
division  or  section  of  tendons. 

My-ot'o-my.  [Myoto'mia;  from 
pvg,  a “ muscle,”  and  rcpuco,  to  “ cut.”] 
Dissection  of  the  muscles. 

My  r-i-a-can ' thus.*  [From  / u'piog , 
“numberless,”  and  avavda,  a “spine.”] 
Having  numerous  spines  or  prickles. 
Applied  to  certain  plants. 

Myr-5-an'thus.*  [From  / rpiog , 

“numberless,”  and  avOog,  a “flower.”] 
Having  numerous  flowers. 

Myr-I-ap'o-da,*  or  Myr'i-a-pods. 
[From  pvptog,  “numberless,”  and  irovg,  a 
“ foot.”]  The  name  of  a class  of  Articu- 
lata. 

M^r-I-ap'o-dns.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  an  indeterminate  number  of 
feet;  centipede:  myriapodous. 

My-ri'ca  Ce-rff'e-ra.*  The  Wax 
Myrtle,  or  Bay-berry  plant,  the  berries 
of  which  yield  a substance  very  similar 
to  the  Cera  Jiava  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

Myricacese,*  mir-e-ka'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  found 
in  India,  the  temperate  parts  of  North 
America,  and  the  tropics  of  South  Ame- 
rica. They  are  aromatic  trees  or  shrubs, 
including  the  Myri'ca  cenf'era , from 
which  wax  is  obtained,  and  Compto'nia , 
which  is  astringent  and  tonic. 

Myri-o-graBEiine.  [From  pvpiot , 
“ten  thousand,”  and  gramme.]  A 
French  weight,  equal  to  22  pounds,  1 
ounce,  and  2 drachms  avoirdupois. 

Myriolitre,  mir'e-o-letr'.  [From 
pvpiot,  “ten  thousand,”  and  li'tre.]  A 
French  measure,  equal  to  2200  gallons, 
7 pints,  13  fluidounces,  4 fluidrachms, 
and  48  minims  imperial. 

Myriometre, mir'e-o-meVr.  (French 
pronunciation  me're'o'metR'.)  [From 
pvptoi,  “ten  thousand,”  and  metre.]  A 
French  measure  of  length,  equal  to  6 
miles,  1 furlong,  156  yards,  and  6 
inches. 

My  r-i-o-phyl  'tons.  [My  rioph  y 1'- 
lus;  from  pvpiot , “ten  thousand,”  “num- 
30* 


berless,”  and  (pvWov,  a “leaf.”]  Literally, 
“having  ten  thousand  leaves.”  Hav- 
ing an  indefinitely  great  number  of 
leaves. 

My-ris'ti-ca.*  [From  p^pCcv,  to 
“anoint  with  ointment.”]  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Diopcia,  natural  order 
Myristicacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name||ofthe  kernel  of  the  fruit  of  the 
Myris'tica  moscha'ta,  or  Nutmeg,  other- 
wise called  Illyria' tica  ojfficina'lis , or 
Myris’  tica  fra' grans. 

Myris'tica  Ar-o-mat'I-ca.*  One 
of  the  names  for  the  nutmeg-tree. 

Myrns'lica  Mos-<ha  ta.::  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  which  produces 
the  nutmeg  and  mace. 

Myristicacese,*  me-ris-te-ka'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  tropical 
trees,  most  abundant  in  the  East  Indies. 
It  includes  the  Myris’ tica  moscha'ta , 
which  produces  two  important  spices, 
the  nutmeg  and  mace.  The  nutmeg  is 
the  kernel,  or  seed,  and  mace  is  the 
aril  which  envelopes  the  seed. 

My-ris'ti-^a*  Mos-cha'la?  Xu', 
cle-i.*  (“Kernels  of  the  Myristica 
moschata.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Dub.  Ph.)  for  the  nutmeg. 

Myristiceus,*  mir-is-tish'e-us. 
[From  Myris' tica,  the  “ nutmeg-tree.”] 
Resembling  the  genus  Myristica. 

My-ris'tl-cin.  [Myristici'na.] 
A name  given  to  stercoptene,  which  is 
deposited  by  the  oil  of  the  Carytphyllus 
animations. 

My-r«l>'a-lan,  My-ro-hal 'a«nus.* 

[From  pvpov,  “ointment,”  and  (ld\avog , an 
“ acorn,”  or  any  similar  fruit.]  A dried 
Indian  fruit  of  the  plum  kind,  of  differ- 
ent species  of  Terminalia.  The  myrob- 
alans  are  said  to  have  laxative  as  well 
as  astringent  properties. 

My ■roph'o-ru in .*  [From  pvpov,  an 
“ointment,”  and  (pepto,  to  “carry.”]  An 
“Ointment-Bearer.”  An  instrument  for 
applying  ointment  through  the  narrow 
internal  openings. 

Myr-o-sper'imim.*  [From  pvpov, 
an  “ ointment,”  and  tmcppa,  a “ seed.”] 
A genus  of  the  Linnaean  class  Dianclria, 
natural  order  Leguminosse. 

My rosper ' m u m Per-u-i f 'er-u  in.* 
One  of  the  names  of  the  tree  which 
yields  Balsammn  Peruvian  it  m. 

My  rosper  'mu  m Tol-u-ta'  n n in  .* 
The  tree  which  (according  to  the  Lond., 
Ed.,  and  U.S.  Ph.)  affords  Balsamurn  To- 
hitanum. 

My-rox'y-lon.*  [From  pvpov,  an 
“ ointment,”  and  £v\ov,  “ wood.”]  A 
349 


MYR 


NAN 


Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Diandria, 
natural  order  Leguminosse. 

Myrox'ylon  r-ii-if'er-uin.; 

Another  name  for  the  Myrospermum  Per- 
il i/erum. 

llyrrlt.  See  Myrrha. 

Myrrh,  False.  See  Bdellium. 

Myr'rlia,*  gen.  Myr'rhae.  Myrrh. 
The  Pharmacopoeiai  name  ||  of  the  gum- 
resin  from  the  Balsamoden'dron  My  r'rhq. 

Myrsinacese,*  mir-se-na'she-e. 
[From  Myrsi'ne , one  of  the  genera.J  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  nearly  all  tropical. 

Myrtaceie,  * mir-ta'she-e,  or 
Myrti.*  An  important  natural  order 
of  exogenous  plants  (trees  or  shrubs), 
natives  of  hot  countries,  within  and 
without  the  tropics.  It  includes  the 
Myr'tas  (Myrtle),  the  Clove-tree  ( Cargo - 
phyl'lus),  and  Pomegranate  ( Pu'nica ), 
which  is  tonic,  astringent,  and  anthel- 
mintic. A fragrant  aromatic  or  pun- 
gent volatile  oil  abounds  in  this  order. 

Myr-ta'ceous.  [Myrta'ceus.]  Re- 
sembling the  myrtle. 

Myr'ti,*  the  plural  of  Myr'tus, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Myrtacea:. 

Myr'ti-form.  [Myrtifor'mis ; 
from  myr'tum,  a “ myrtle-berry.”]  Like 
the  myrtle  leaf  (or  berry?).  See  Carun- 
cula:  Myrtiformes. 

Myr'tle.  The  Myrtus  communis. 


N.  ==  Noc’te .#  “At  night.” 

Na-bo'tSii  Glan'du-lse,*  Xabo'thi 
Ovu-la,;:  Nabo'thi  Ve-sicu-lae.^ 

(“Glands,  Ovules,  or  Vesicles  of  Na- 
both.”) Applied  to  small  glandular 
bodies  within  the  mouth  of  the  uterus; 
first  described  by  Naboth. 

Nabo'thi,  Mea-or-rEaa'gi-a.* 

(“Menorrhagy  of  Naboth.”)  A serous 
discharge  from  the  vagina  of  pregnant 
women,  first  noticed  by  Naboth. 

Nae're-ous.  [Lat.  Nacrous;  Fr. 
Nacre,  “ mother  of  pearl.”]  Belonging 
to  mother  of  pearl. 

Nadir.  [From  the  Arabic.]  The 
point  in  the  heavens  directly  under  our 
feet,  and  opposite  to  the  zenith. 

Nae'vns,*  plural  Nac'vi.  A natural 
mark  or  blemish. 

Njc'vus  Ma-ter'nus.*  (“Maternal 
Mark.”)  A mark  on  the  skin  from  birth, 
the  effect,  as  is  said,  of  the  mother’s  long- 
300 


Myr'tle,  I>warf.  [Chamsemyr'. 
tus.]  A name  for  the  Ruscus  aculeatus. 

Myr-to-i'des.*  [From  pvprog,  the 
“myrtle.”]  Re.  enabling  the  Myrtus. 

Myr'tus,*  plural  Myr'tl.  [Gr.  pvp- 
ro;.]  The  myrtle-tree.  A Linnman  genus 
of  the  class  Icosandria,  natural  order 
Myrtacese. 

My  r 'tus  Pi-mem'ta.*  The  tree  which 
produces  Jamaica  pepper,  or  allspice. 

Mys-ta'clii-al.  [Mystacbia'lis ; 
from pvara%,  the  “upper  lip,”  or  the  beard 
on  it.]  Belonging  to  the  upper  lip. 

Mys'tax,  a 'cis.%  [Gr.  ^ri5ora£.]  The 
upper  lip;  also,  the  hair  on  the  uppei 
lip,  or  moustache. 

My t-I-lo-i  cles.*  [From  myt’ilus,  the 
“mussel,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling the  mytilus , or  mussel. 

Myt'I-lus  E-du'Iis.*  (“Edible 
Mussel.”)  A shell-fish  found  in  vast 
beds  in  the  European  seas.  It  is  often 
poisonous : sometimes  producing,  in  those 
who  eat  it,  all  the  symptoms  of  Urticaria. 

Myx-o-col'I-ca.*  [From  pv[a,  “ mu- 
cus,” and  col'ica , the  “colic.”]  A mu- 
cous or  pituitous  colic. 

Myx-o'ma,*  plural  Myx-o'ma-ta. 
[From  pvta,  “ mucus.”]  Applied  by  Vir- 
chow to  certain  tumors  which  contain 
mucus  in  their  intercellular  substance. 

My-y-dro-^ys'tis?  i dis.%  [From  pvg,  a 
“ muscle,”  and  hydrocys'tis,  a “ hydatid.”] 
A hydatid  in  the  flesh. 


ing  for,  or  aversion  to,  particular  objects, 
or  of  some  accidental  occurrence  affect- 
ing her  own  person  during  pregnancy. 

Naiadaceae,*  na-a-da'she-e,  or  Nai'- 
a-des.*  [From  vaiag,  vaiaiog,  a “water- 
nymph.”]  A natural  order  of  endogenous 
aquatic  plants,  found  .within  and  with- 
out the  tropics,  in  salt  water  and  fresh. 
It  includes  the  Na'jas  or  Na’ias. 

Nail.  (Fr.  Ongle,  6xgl.)  An  append- 
age consisting  of  a semi-transparent  sub- 
stance, resembling  horn,  attached  to  the 
dorsal  extremities  of  the  fingers  and  toes. 
The  finger-nails  serve  not  merely  to  pro- 
tect the  part  which  they  cover,  but  to 
give  greater  firmness  or  resistance  to  the 
ends  of  the  fingers,  in  their  attempt  to 
lay  hold  of  any  small  object. 

Naiit,  naN®.  The  French  term  for 
“dwarf.”  See  Nanus. 

Na-nis'iiius.*  [From  vdvog,  or  vawog, 
a “dwarf,”  or  “dwarfed.”]  A term  ap 


NAN 


NAT 


plied  by  GeofFroy  St.  Hilaire  to  a genus 
of  anomalies  which  characterize  dwarfs. 

Nan-Keen'  l>ye.  A dye  made  by 
boiling  annotto  and  carbonate  of  potash 
in  water ; about  an  ounce  of  each  to  a 
pint  of  water. 

Naii-o-^epli'a-lus.*  [From  va  og,  a 
" dwarf,”  or  "dwarfed,”  and  Ke^aXp,  the 
"head.”]  A dwarfish  or  diminutive 
head. 

Nan-o-i'des.*  [From  vavog,  a "dwarf,” 
and  eifog,  a " form.”]  Resembling  a 
dwarf;  dwarf-like. 

Na-nom'e-lus.1'  [From  vavog,  a 
"dwarf,”  and  fxsXog,  a "limb.”]  A mon- 
ster with  dwarfish  limbs. 

Na'nus.*  [Gr  .vavog-  Fr.  Nain,  nax0.] 
Dwarf;  stunted  in  stature,  so  as  to  be 
below  the  ordinary  height  and  size  of 
those  of  the  same  species. 

Nape  of  the  NecK.  [Nw'claa.] 
The  back  part  of  the  neck,  including  the 
projecting  spinous  process  of  the  seventh 
cervical  vertebra. 

Napli'tha.*  [Gr.  vttyOa.]  A pale- 
yellow,  but  very  pure,  clear,  inflammable 
liquid  of  the  bituminous  kind. 

Naph'tlia  Vit-ri'o-li.*  A name  for 
sulphuric  ether. 

Naph-thali-cUo.  [Naphthalidi'- 

na;  from  naphthali'na.]  A new  base, 
produced  by  the  action  of  reducing 
agents  on  naphthalin. 

Naph'tlia-lifii,  or  Naph'tlaa-lainie. 
[Naplitliali'na;  from  n aph'tha.]  A 
grayish-white  substance  formed  in  the 
rectification  of  the  petroleum  of  coal-gas 
works. 

Nap-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  na'pus,  a 
"turnip,”  and  f o' Hum,  a "leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing leaves  like  the  turnip : napifo'lious. 

Nap'i-form.  [From  na'pus , a "tur- 
nip.”] A term  applied  to  one  of  the 
textures  of  cancer,  the  bunioid  of  Bayle. 

Nar-cis'si,*  the  plural  of  Naarcas'- 
sns,  forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a 
natural  order  of  plants.  They  are  now 
included  in  AmaryWdaccse. 

Nar-cis'sus.*  The  Linnman  name  of 
a genus  of  plants,  class  Hexundria , natu- 
ral order  Amaryllidacese. 

Nar-co'des.**  [From  vapw , " stupor.”] 
Having,  or  causing,  stupor:  narcose,  or 
narcous. 

Nar-co'ma,  aft#.*  [From  the  same.] 
Stupor,  or  the  state  of  being  under  the 
influence  of  narcotic  medicine. 

Nar-com'a-tons.  [From  the  same.] 
Pertaining  to  narcoma. 

Nar-co'sis.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
progress  of  narcoma . 


Nar-co-spjvs'nius.  [From  vapKt j„ 
"stupor,”  and  oiraauog,  a "convulsion.”] 
Cramp  or  spasm,  with  an  appearance  of 
stupor. 

Nar-cot'ic.  [Narcot'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  narcosis.  Applied  to  a medicine 
that  induces  sleep,  or  stupor. 

Nar'eo-tiifi,  or  Narco-line.  [Nar- 
coti'ua;  from  vapKuio,  to  "stupify.”] 
An  active  principle  of  opium ; also  called 
Derosne s Salt,  from  its  discoverer,  and 
Opiane.  It  is  procured  by  digesting 
opium  in  sulphuric  ether. 

Nar'co-ti&m.  [Narcotis'mus; 
from  vapKrj,  "stupor.”]  The  influence 
produced  by  narcotic  substances. 

Na'res,*  gen.  Na'rl-uiii,  the  plural 
of  Naris,  which  see. 

Na'ris,*  plural  Na'res.  The  "nos- 
tril ;”  a cavity  of  a pyramidal  form  in 
each  side  of  the  nose,  or  of  the  septum 
of  the  nostrils. 

Nar'tliex,  e'c»#.*  [Gr.  vapOr^.]  The 
Ferula,  a tall  umbelliferous  plant,  with  a 
slight  knotted  pithy  stalk.  See  next 
article. 

Nar'tlhex  As-sa-foet'i-cla,*  or  Nar'- 
tlaex  F€r'n-la.*  The  plant  the  root  of 
wrhich  yields  assafoetida. 

Nasal.  [Nasa'lis;  from^?m'si(s,  the 
"nose.”]  Belonging  to  the  nose ; uttered 
through  the  nose. 

Nasal  Butt.  See  Ductus  ad  Na- 
sum. 

Na  sal  Fos  sae.  [Fos'sae  Nasa'les; 

from  fos'sa,  a “ditch.”]  Two  irregular 
compressed  cavities  extending  backwards 
from  the  n sc  to  the  pharynx,  and  con- 
stituting the  internal  part  of  the  nose. 

Nas'^eait  State.  [From  nas'cens, 
the  present  participle  of  nas'eor,  to  "be 
born.”]  The  state  of  gases  at  the  mo- 
ment of  their  elimination,  before  they 
have  acquired  their  full  volume  or  their 
repulsive  power. 

Na'stis,*  genitive  Na'si,  accusative 
Na'stiaiB.  (Fr.  Ncz , nsL)  The  " nose,” 
composed  of  the  dorsum,  or  bridge,  the 
alse,  or  wings,  the  septum , or  partition, 
the  lobe,  or  tip,  and  the  columna,  or  lowrer 
thickened  portion  of  the  septum. 

Na'tant.  [Na'tans;  from  na'to,na- 
ta'tum,  to  "swim.”]  Floating  on  the 
surface;  swimming,  as  leaves  or  flowers. 

N at-a- to'  res.*  [Plural  of  nata'tor, 
natato'ris,  a " swimmer ;”  from  the  same.] 
"Swimm  rs.”  An  order  of  swimming 
birds,  including  those  whose  toes  are 
united  by  a membrane;  whence  the  order 
is  also  termed  Palmip'edes. 

Na'tes.*  [A  Latin  word  which  ia 
351 


NAT 


NEC 


either  plural  or  singular,  but  used  mostly 
in  ihc  plural.]  The  buttocks. 

Na'tes  Cer'e-bri.*  The  two  ante- 
rior of  the  Tubercula  quadriyemina, 

Na'Bri-uin.*  A term  formerly  ap- 
plied to  sodium. 

Na'tron,*  or  Na'lsaim.*  A native 
carbonate  of  soda  which  is  found  in 
Egypt;  in  popular  language,  “soda.” 
It  is  the  nitre  of  the  Bible. 

Ma'trum  Vit-ri-o-la'tiim.*  (“Vit- 
riolated  Soda.”)  A name  of  Glauber’s 
Salt. 

Nat'u-ral.  [Natara'lis;  from  »«$«'- 
ra,  “ nature.”]  Belonging  to  nature : pro- 
duced according  to  the  ordinary  laws  of 
nature. 

Nat'ural  Ilis'to-ry*  [Misto'ria 
Natura'lis.]  Literally,  the  “ history  cr 
description  of  naturo.”  The  science 
which  treats  of  the  natural  products  cf 
the  earth,  whether  animals,  vegetables, 
or  minerals.  See  Physics. 

Nat'ural  Or'deirs.  Groups  of  gen- 
era which  resemble  each  other  in  the 
most  essential  features  and  intrinsic 
qualities;  or  groups  of  genera  which  arc 
supposed  to  bear  a greater  resemblance 
to  each  other  than  to  any  thing  else. 

Nat'ural  Plii-los'o-pluy.  [Pbilo- 
so'pliia  Natura'lis.]  The  science  which 
treats  of  the  properties  of  natural  bodies, 
and  their  actions  on  each  other,  or  wh!ch 
treats  of  the  phenomena  and  laws  of  the 
miterial  world:  physics.  Sec  Physics. 

Nat-u-ra'll-a..*  [Plural  neuter  of 
ncttura'lis,  “natural.”]  The  parts  of 
generation  ; the  privities. 

Naturals.  See  Res  Naturales. 

Xatus  Mortuus.  See  Stillborn. 

Nauclea  Oambir,  See  Gambir. 

Nausea,*  nau'she-a.  [From  vavg,  a 
“ship.”]  Originally,  “sea-sickness.” 
Any  sickness  at  the  stomach,  similar  to 
sea-sickness. 

Nau  sea  Nla-ri'na.*  [From  ma're, 
the  “sea.”]  The  Latin  for  Sea-Sickness. 

Nau'seous.  [Nauseo'sus ; from 
nan' sea.]  Producing  nausea;  disgusting. 

Nau'tl-caJL  [Nau'tacus;  from  vajg, 
a “ ship.”]  Belonging  to  a ship.  Ap- 
blied  to  sea-sickness,  termed  Morbus 
vauticus. 

Nau'ti-cus  Nffus'cui-Iims.'*  (“Nauti- 
cal Muscle.”)  The  Tibia'lis  posti'ciw, 
because  chiefly  exerted  in  climbing  as 
sailors  do. 

N au-tl-lo-fdeS.*  [From  uau'tilus, 
and  clSog,  a “ form.”]  Resembling  the 
nautilus:  nautiloid. 

NautWus.^  [Gr.  vajriXo;,  a “ sailor;” 

352 


from  vavg,  a “ship.”]  A genus  of  the 
Testacea  (of  Cuvier),  of  which  there  are 
several  species. 

NaveB.  See  Umbilicus. 

Na/veB-Siriug.  The  Fu'nis  umbill - 
ca'lis  (otherwise  called  Funic'uhis  umbili-> 
ca'lis),  or  umbilical  cord. 

Na-vic'u-lar.  [Navicula'rts;  from 
navic'ulu,  a “little  ship  or  boat.”]  Per- 
taining to  a boat  or  ship ; having  the 
shape  or  appearance  of  a boat. 

Na-vic-u-la're,  Os.*  A bone  of  the 
carpus;  also  one  of  the  tarsus:  named 
from  their  fancied  likeness  to  a boat. 

INavicularis.  See  Navicular. 

Nav'i-foiriM.  [Navifor'miis ; from 
na'vis,  a “ ship,”  or  “ boat.”]  R-escmbling 
a boat:  navicular. 

I¥eas>S%liitedness.  See  Myopy. 

Neb'u-!a,*  plural  Neb'u-Ise.  [From 
ve:b:\ -7,  a “cloud.”]  Literally,  a “mist,” 
a “cloud.”  A faintly  luminous  appear- 
ance, resembling  a cloud,  in  the  starry 
firmament.  Many  of  these  nebulae  have 
been  resolved  into  stars  by  the  power  of 
the  telescope.  Also,  a small  cloud-like 
spot  on  the  cornea. 

Neb-u-lif 'er-ous.  [Nebulif 'evus ; 

from  neb’ ula,  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Having  nebulous  spots. 

Neb'u-lous,  or  Neb 'in -Hose.  [Neb- 
iiEo'sns;  from  ucb'ula .]  Literally, 
“cloudy.”  Pertaining  to  a nebula,  or 
resembling  a nebula. 

NecEs.  [Lat.  CoB'Bum,  and  Cer'- 
vix;  Gr.  rpsxnKog,  and  duxw  J Fr.  Cou, 
koo.]  In  Anatomy,  the  part  between 
the  head  and  thorax.  Also,  the  point 
between  the  root  and  stem  of  plants. 

Nec-ro-bi-o'sis.*  [From  vaepdg, 
“dead,”  and  (3iog,  “life.”]  Applied  by 
Virchow  to  “ the  spontaneous  wearing 
out  of  living  parts.” 

Nec-ro-co-mi'mii.*  [From  vtKpog, 
a “dead  body,”  and  nope cj,  to  “take  care 
of.”]  A dead-house.  See  Morgue. 

Nec-ro-do-chi'iiin.*  [From  ve*p6g , 
a “dead  body,”  and  ioxn,  a “ reception.’  ] 
The  same  as  Necrocomium. 

Nec-roU'o-gy.  [Necrolo'gia;  from 
vcKpog,  a “dead  body,”  and  Aoyoj,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatiso  on  the  dead  body. 
Also,  a register  of  deaths,  the  causes  cf 
death,  and  particulars  presented  on  post- 
mortem examination. 

Ne-croph'a^gous.  [Necroph'a^us; 
from  vcKpdg,  a “dead  body,”  and  0ayoi,  to 
“cat.”]  Devouring  dead  animals,  cr  ani- 
mal substances  in  a state  of  decompo- 
sition. Applied  to  certain  insects. 

Ne-croVs;^.  [Neerop'sBa ; from 


N EC 


NEP 


vexp6;,  a “dead  body,”  and  imropai,  to 
“behold.”]  Synonymous  with  Necros- 
copy. 

Nec-ro-scosi'ic,  Ncc-ro-scop'i-cal. 
iNTecroscojp'H'iis.J  Belonging  to  ne- 
croscopy. 

Ko-cb’Os'co-pj.  [Xecrosco'pia ; 

from  vexpdg,  a “dead  body,”  and  axoneoj,  to 
“examine.”]  The  examination  of  adead 
body. 

Ne-cro'sis.*  [From  vexpocj,  to  “ kill.”] 
Literally,  “ mortiiication.”  Death  of  a 
bone  or  part  of  a bone;  analogous  to 
the  mortification  of  the  soft  parts. 

]Vec-ro*tom'ic.  [Necrotom'icns.] 
Belonging  to  necrotomy. 

Ne-crot'o-my.  [Necroto'misi; 
from  vsKpog,  a “dead  body,”  and  to 

“cut.”]  Dissection  of  a dead  body; 
otherwise  termed  Scciio  cadaver  is. 

Xec-tan 'lira.*  Bebeeru  (or  Bibiru) 
Bark.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  J|  of  the 
bark  of  the  Nectandra  JRodiei.  It  has 
been  placed  on  the  primary  li  t of  the 
Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860. 

Ncc-tar-if'er-<a>nns.  [Jfeclarif' 'cr- 
us; from  viKTap,  the  “drink  of  the  gods,” 
also,  “honey,”  and  fe’ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  nectar,  or  honey;  secreting  a 
saccharine  liquor. 

[From  vkrap, 
“ nectar,”  or  “honey,”  and  Oijq,  a “cov- 
ering.”] Any  part  which  enwraps  the 
organ  for  secreting  honey. 

^fec'tta-ry.  [Mecta'num ; from 
vsKrap,  “nectar,” or  “honey,”  and  -a' Hum, 
a terminal  denoting  a “repository.” 
See  Herbarium.]  That  part  of  a flower 
which  contains,  or  secretes,  honey;  the 
honey-cup. 

STec-top'o-diis.'^  [From  vriKrrjg,  a 
“ swimmer,”  and  Trovg,  a “ foot.”]  Having 
finlike  tarsi.  Applied  to  certain  insects. 

Xe-cni'si-a.;i:  [From  vexvg,  a “dead 
body :”  so  called  on  account  of  its  malig- 
nant character.]  A poisoned  wound. 

Heg'a-tive  Pole.  The  pole  connected 
with  the  copper  (or  least  oxidizable) 
plate  of  the  galvanic  battery. 

BTeg,i*o  CaeBnexia,  or  Cacluexla 
Africaiia.  See  Ciitiioxopiiacia. 

Hehimbiacese,-  ne-lum-bc-a'she-e. 
A natural  order  cf  exogenous  aquatic 
plants,  found  in  stagnant  or  quiet  waters 
in  temperate  and  tropical  regions. 
It  consists,  according  to  Bindley,  cf  one 
genus,  the  Nclum'bium.  The  mythic 
Lotus  which  occurs  on  the  monuments 
of  India  and  Egypt,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  JVelumbium  speciosum. 


N cm-a-to-?c-ra' t us. [From  viip.a, 
a “thread,”  and  xipcu a “horn.”]  Hav- 
ing filiform  horns  or  antennm. 

Nem'ii'toid.  [Nematoi'des;  from 
vfjpa,  a “thread,”  and  c'uog,  a “form.”] 
liesembling  a thread. 

Nem-a-to-iieu'rus.*  [From  vrjpa,  a 
“ thread,”  and  vtvpor,  a “ nerve.”]  Hav- 
ing thread-like  nerves. 

Ne'me-OKs.  [Ne  metis;  from  rrjpa , 
a “thread.”]  Filamentose;  composed 
of  threads,  as  some  cryptogamous  plants. 

ATem-o-Mas'tiis.:;:  [From  vfjpa , a 
“thread,”  and  /jAaaro's,  a “ germ.”]  Ap- 
plied to  filiform  embiyos,  as  of  mosses 
and  ferns. 

Ke-mo^'er-us.*  The  same  as  Nema- 
toceratus,  which  see. 

Xem-o*gl«s-sa'tus.*  [From  vrjpa,  a 
“thread,”  and  yXdooa,  the  “tongue.”] 
Having  a filiform  tongue. 

Kern* 'o- rous.  [IVemoro'siis ; from 
ne'muSy  nem'eris,  a “grove.”]  Belonging 
to  a wood,  cr  grove  : nem'orose. 

Nc-og'a-Ir:,  a c-'tis*  [From  veogy 
“new,”  and  y£.Xa,  “milk.”]  The  Colos- 
trum, or  first  milk  of  the  mother  after 
childbirth. 

Ne-o-ga-lac'ti-cns.*  Belonging  to 

the  ueor/ala : ncogalac'tic. 

Nc-o-mia'tuis,*  plural  Ne-o-na't3, 

genitive  plural  NTe-o-ita-to'riiin.  [From 
vco “new,”  and  na’tus , “born.”]  (Fr. 
Nouvcau-ne , noo'vo'  n&.)  A word  signi- 
fying  “newly-born,”  and  occurring  in 
such  phrases  as  Asphyxia  Neonatorum 
(“Asphyxia  of  New-born  [Children”].) 
See  Asphyxia  Neophytorum. 

K'e33eait5Bacpa?,::nep-en-tha/shc-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  natives  of  swamps  in  China  and 
India.  It  consists  of  a single  genus, 
Nep)en'the  (Pitcher-Plant),  in  the  dilated 
pitcher-shaped  petiole  of  which  water  is 
secreted. 

ETe-pem'tties.*  [From  vrj,  negative, 
and  TibOog,  “ grief.”]  A medicine  men- 
tioned by  the  ancient  writers  as  having 
power  to  banish  sorrow.  It  is  supposed 
by  some  to  have  been  opium. 

iKep'e-ta  Ca-ta'rr-a.*  The  syste- 
matic name  far  eatnep.  See  Cataria. 

ISfep'eta  VuiS-g-a/ris.*  The  same  as 
Nepeta  Cataria.  See  Cataria. 

Nepti'e-la.*  [From  vepcXv,  a “cloud.”] 
The  same  as  Nebula,  which  see. 

Ne-pBBel'ii-cais.*  Belonging  to  the 
nephelium : nephel'ic. 

Xe-plie'lS-um.*  [Diminutive  of  rc- 
(b£\' 7,  a “ cloud.”]  A spot  on  the  cornea. 

Nepli-e-lo'cles.*  [From  vr^zX^,  a 
353 


NEP 


NER 


“ cloud.”]  The  same  as  Nebulous, 
which  see. 

X e pli-el-o-dom ' e- ter . [X  eplielo- 
(lom'etrum ; from  re(peXrh  a “ cloud,” 
and  odoperpoi/,  an  “ instrument  for  mea- 
suring distances.”]  An  instrument  for 
ascertaining  the  distances  of  the  clouds. 

Nepli-e-lo-i'des.*  [From  vecpeXq,  a 
“ cloud,”  and  el  do;,  a "form/']  Resem- 
bling a little  cloud:  neph'eloid. 

Neplt-e-lol'o-g'y.  [Neplielolo'gia : 
from  vepeXq,  a “ cloud,”  and  Xdyo;,  a ‘‘dis- 
course.”] The  science  of  the  clouds. 

Nep3i-e-l©-plio-rom'e-ter.  [Xepls- 
elopliorom'etruin;  from  vepeXq,  a 
“cloud,”  (pipco,  to  “carry,”  and  perpoi /,  a 
“ measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  direction,  order,  and  speed 
of  clouds. 

Ne-plirwm-or-rlia'g'i-a.*  [From  ve- 
0poj,  the  “kidney,”  and  alpoppayia,  “hem- 
orrhage.”] Hemorrhage  of  the  kidney. 

Ne-pfiral'£i-a.*  [From  ve'ppo c,  the 
“kidney,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  kidney : nephral'gy. 

Ne-pJiral'gic.  [Xephral'gicMS.] 
Belonging  to  nephralgia. 

Nep3i-ra-uu'ri-a.*  [From  veppog,  the 
“ kidney,”  a,  priv.,  and  ovpov,  the  “ urine.”] 
Renal  anuria , or  non-secretion  of  urine. 

Neph-ra-pos'ta-sis.*  [From  redpog, 
the  “kidney,”  and  dnotTraoig,  “suppura- 
tive inflammation.”]  Renal  abscess,  or 
suppurative  inflammation  of  the  kidney. 

Nep!i-ra-to'ni-a.*  [From  veppog,  the 
“ kidney,”  a,  priv.,  and  rouog,  “tone.”] 
Renal  atony,  or  paralysis  of  the  kidneys. 

Ne-pliraux'e.*  [From  vecppog,  the 
“kidney,”  and  av£co,  to  “increase.”] 
Enlargement  of  the  kidney. 

Ne-ptirel'cos,*  or  Ne-phrel'cus.* 
[From  vecppog,  the  “kidney,”  and  eXwg,  an 
“ulcer.”]  An  ulcer  of  the  kidney. 

Nepli-rel-co'sis.*  The  progress  of 
nephrelcus : renal  ulceration. 

X epli- r em-pli rax ' is.*  [From  vecppog, 
the  “kidney,”  and  epppa?tg,  “obstruc- 
tion.”] Obstruction  of  the  vessels  of  the 
kidney. 

Ne'phrl-a.*  [From  vccppAg,  the  “kid- 
ney.”] Proposed  as  a synonyme  for 
Bright’s  Disease,  or  granulated  kidney. 

Nep5i'ri-cus.*  [From  reppog,  the 
“kidney.”]  See  Nephritic. 

Ne-plirit'ic.  [Nephrit'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  kidney. 

Ne-phri'tis,  !(//'«.*  [From  vt<pp6g,  the 
“ kidney.”]  Inflammation  of  the  kid- 
neys. A genus  of  the  order  Phlegm  as isr, 
class  Pgr  ex  lee,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Nephri'tis  Al«bu-!nbno'§9$  or 
354 


Al-fou-mi-nen'sis.*  (“  Albuminous 
Nephritis.”)  A name  for  Bright’s  Dis- 
ease of  the  kidney ; under  which  term 
have  been  confounded  several  distinct 
renal  diseases,  all  agreeing,  however,  in 
the  important  symptom  of  albuminous 
urine,  viz.:  acute  and  chronic  desquama- 
tive nephritis , non-desquamative  nephritis , 
fatty  and  amyloid  (or  waxy)  degeneration. 

Desquamative  nephritis  is  characterized 
by  the  shedding  of  the  epithelium  of  the 
secreting  tubes,  either  entire  or  in  broken 
particles.  Their  debris  blocks  up  the 
tubes,  and,  when  washed  into  the  urine, 
forms  what  have  been  termed  the  “tube 
casts.”  This  process  may  be  either  acute 
or  chronic.  In  non-desquamative  ne- 
phritis (according  to  Johnson),  the  cells 
are  not  shed,  but  become  atrophied, 
whilst  the  -tubules  are  blocked  up  by  a 
simple,  albuminous  deposit,  which  forms 
what  he  terms  the  small  hyaline  casts. 

Nepli'ro-^ele.*  [From  ve<ppcg,  the 
“kidney,”  and  *17X77,  a “tumor.”]  Her- 
nia of  the  kidney. 

Xepb-ro-^el'ic.  [Neplarocel'- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  nephrocele. 

Ne-pSirol'i-tlios,*  or  Ne-pUirol'i- 

42ms.*  [From  vecppdg,  the  “kidney,”  and 
XiOog,  a “ stone.”]  An  old  term  for  a 
renal  calculus,  or  stone  in  the  kidney. 

X epli-ro-py-©  'sis.*  [From  vctppcg , 
the  “ kidney,”  and  ttvcoo ig,  “ suppuration.”] 
Suppuration  of  the  kidney. 

X e-ph rot 'o-my.  [X eph ro  to ' m ia ; 
from  vecppog,  the  “kidney,”  and  Tsgv co,  to 
“ cut.”]  The  dangerous  and  difficult 
operation  of  cutting  into  the  kidney  to 
extract  a calculus. 

Ne'ra.  A name  for  Toddy,  which  see. 

Nerf.  See  Nerve. 

Nervate.  See  Nervose. 

Ner-va'tion.  [From  ner'vus , a 
“nerve.”]  The  arrangement  of  nerves 
in  leaves. 

Nerve.  [Lat.  Ner'vus;  Gr.  vevpov ; 
Fr.  Nerf,  neRf.]  A long,  medullary  cord, 
originating  from  the  brain  or  spinal 
marrow,  by  which  sensation,  volition,  or 
vital  influence  is  conveyed  to  and  from 
the  sensorium.  It  is  applied  in  Botany 
to  parallel  and  simple  veins. 

Xerve-ae!ae.  See  Neuralgia. 

Nerves,  Pairs  of.  See  Paria  Ner~ 

VORUM. 

Ner'vl,*  gen.  Ner-vo'ruin,  the  plu- 
ral of  Ner'vus.  Sec  Nerve. 

Ner'vlne.  [Ncrvi'nus;  from  nerr 
vu°,  a “ nerve.”]  Belonging  to  the  nerves. 

Nervorum  Paria.  Sec  Paria  Ner- 
vorum. 


NER 


NEU 


Jfer-vo'rnm,  Res-o-lu'tl-o.** 

(‘‘Loosening  of  the  Nerves.”)  A name 
for  Paralysis. 

Ner-vose'.  [Nervo'sus.]  Abound- 
ing in  nerves,  as  some  leaves. 

Ner'vons.  [Jfervo'sus;  from  nerf- 
viiSj  a “ nerve.”]  Belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  nerves.  Applied  to  fevers 
and  affections  of  the  nervous  system,  and 
to  medicines  that  act  on  the  latter.  See 
Nervose. 

Ner  vous  Flu'ld.  [Flu'idum  Ner'- 
veum.]  A fluid  supposed  to  circulate 
through  the  nerves,  and  to  be  the  medium 
by  which  sensation  or  motion  is  trans- 
mitted from  one  portion  of  the  nervous 
system  to  another. 

Nervous  Walter.  See  Ne urine. 

Ner'vousSys'tem.  [Systc'maNer- 
vo'ruin.]  A collective  term,  compre- 
hending all  the  nerves  of  the  body. 
These  may  be  divided  into  two  great 
classes: — 1.  Those  chiefly  appropriated 
to  perception,  sensation,  and  voluntary 
motion,  connected  more  immediately  with 
the  brain  and  spinal  marrow.  2.  Those 
destined  to  the  organs  of  involuntary 
motion  (such  as  the  heart,  stomach,  etc.), 
called  by  Bichat  the  “ organic  nervous 
system.”  The  latter  belong  to  what  is 
often  termed  the  ganglionic  nervous  system. 
See  Trisplanciinic  Nerve. 

Ner'vure.  [From  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”] 
A vein  of  a leaf. 

Ner'vus,5'  gen.  Ner'vi.  The  Latin 
term  for  Nerve,  which  see. 

Ner'vus  Ya'gus.5  (“Wandering 
Nerve.”)  The  pneumogastric  nerve. 

Net'ted.  The  same  as  Reticulated. 

Net'ted-Vemed.  An  awkward  term, 
signifying  having  reticulated  veins;  that 
is,  marked  with  veins  like  a network,  as 
netted-veined  leaves,  which  are  charac- 
teristic of  exogenous  plants. 

Nettle.  See  Urtica. 

Nettle-RasBs.  See  Urticaria. 

Neii-ra-dy-na'im-a.5  [From  vcvpov,  a 
“nerve,”  a,  priv.,  and  Avvapus,  “strength.”] 
Nervous  debility. 

Neu-ra-dy-uam'ic.  [Neurady- 
uam'icus.]  Belonging  to  neuradyna- 
mia. 

Neu'ral.  [Neura'lis;  from  vcvpov, 
a “nerve.”]  Belonging  to  nerves. 

Neu'ral  Ax'is.  Used  by  Owen  for 
the  trunk  of  the  nervous  system  lodged 
in  the  extensive  canal  formed  by  the 
chain  of  the  vertebrae. 

Neu'ral  Spine.  Used  by  Owen  for 
the  autogenous  part  in  the  vertebra, 
above  the  neuraj^hysis,  or  parts  lodg- 


ing the  neural  axis ; the  homologue  of 
the  spinous  process  of  a vertebra. 

Neu-ral'gi-a.**  [From  vcvpov , a 
“nerve,”  and  aXyoj,  “pain.”]  (Fr.  Ne- 
vralgie,  nAvRStl'zh^'.)  Pain  in  a nerve: 
neural'gy. 

Neu-ral'&ic.  [Neural 'gicus.]  Be- 
longing to  neuralgia. 

Neu-ran-a-g’eii-iie'nia,  a/w.5  [From 

vcvpov,  a “ nerve,”  and  dvayewdeo,  to  “ re- 
generate.”] A renewed  or  regenerated 
portion  of  a nerve. 

Neu-ran-a-£en-ne'sis.*  [From  the 
same.]  Regeneration,  or  renewal,  of 
nerves. 

Nefo-ra-napli'y-sis.*  [From  vcvpov , 
a “nerve,”  and  avacpvoj,  to  “produce,” 
or  “grow  again.”]  Similar  to  Neuran- 
agennesis,  which  see. 

Neu-ra-po-pliys'i-al.  [Neurapo- 
physia'lis.]  Belonging  to  neurapoph- 
ysis. 

Neu-ra-poph'y-sis,*  plural  Neu- 
ra-popli'y-ses.  [From  vcvpov,  a “ nerve,” 
and  d-opvcx),  to  “be  generated  from.”]  In 
Comparative  Anatomy,  the  lateral  seg- 
ments forming  the  sides  of  the  superior 
arch  of  the  vertebra,  which  encloses  the 
axis  or  trunk  of  the  nervous  system,  and 
whose  base  is  the  body  of  the  vertebra. 

Neu-rar-te'ri-a.*  [From  vcvpov , a 
“nerve,”  and  dprnpia,  an  “artery.”]  The 
intimate  association  of  minute  nerves 
with  minute  arteries,  distributed  over 
the  whole  body. 

Neu-ras-tlBe-iii 'a.*  [From  vcvpov,  a 
“nerve,”  and  aoOcvcta,  “debility.”]  Ner- 
vous debility. 

Neii-ras-tlieii'ic.  [Neurasthen'- 

ieus.]  Belonging  to  neurasthenia. 

Neu-rec'to-nie,*  or  Neu-rec-t©'- 

ml-a.5  [From  vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and 
cKTopd,  a “ cutting  out.”]  Excision  of  a 
nerve,  or  part  of  a nerve. 

Neu-rec-tom  i-cus.5  Belonging  to 
neurectomy. 

Neu'ri-a.*  [Diminutive  of  vcvpov,  a 
“nerve.”]  Fine  nervous  tissue  or  mem- 
brane. as  the  retina. 

Neu'ri-eus.5  [From  vcvpov, & “nerve.”] 
Belonging  to  a nerve:  neu'ric. 

New-n-lern'ina,5  or  Neu-ri-le'ma, 
a tis.%  [From  vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and 
Xcppa,  “bark  of  plants.”]  (Fr.  Nevrileme, 
nAvRe'lem'  or  njPvR&  lam'.)  The  mem- 
branous sheath  encasing  each  nerve  or 
filament  of  a nerve : a neu'rileme. 

Nefa-ri-lem-mi'tis,  idis*  [From 
neurilem’ma. ] Inflammation  of  the  neu- 
rilemma. 

Neu'rin,  or  Neu'rine.  [Neuri'na; 

355 


NELT 


NEU 


from  vcvpov,  a “ nerve.”]  (Fr.  Nevrine, 
na'vRen'.)  The  matter  of  which  nerves 
are  composed.  One  of  the  most  import- 
ant substances  or  tissues  entering  into 
the  composition  of  organic  bodies.  It 
exhibits  two  forms:  the  vesicular  ner- 
vous matter,  which  is  gray  or  cineritious 
in  color  and  granular  in  texture,  and 
contains  nucleated  nerve-vesicles ; and 
the  fibrous  nervous  matter,  which  is 
white  and  tubular,  though  in  some  parts 
its  color  is  gray  and  its  fibres  solid. 

Neii-ri-or-rliab'di-um.*  [From  vcv- 
piov,  a “little  nerve/’  and  pdSdiov,  a “lit- 
tle rod.”]  In  the  plural,  the  rod-like 
bodies  of  the  retina,  the  corpora  virgae~ 
formi a retinae. 

Neii-rit'ic.  [Neurit'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  neuritis. 

Neu-ri'tis,  i di*%  [From  vcvpov,  a 
“nerve.”]  (Fr.  Nevrite,  na'vR&t'.)  In- 
flammation of  a nerve. 

Neuroastlienia.  See  Neurasthenia. 

Neu-ro-de-algi-a.*  [From  neuro' - 
des  tu'nica,  a name  for  the  “retina,”  and 
aAyo?,  “pain.”]  Pain,  or  excessive  sensi- 
bility, of  the  retina. 

Neu»ro-de-a-tr©'plai-a.*  [From 
neuro' des  tu'nica,  the  “ retina,”  and  afro' - 
phia , “want  of  nutrition.”]  Atrophy 
of  the  retina. 

Neu-ro'des.*  [From  vcvpov, & “ nerve.”] 
Abounding  in  nerves  or. nervous  sub- 
stance. Applied  to  the  retina,  or  tunica 
neuro  des. 

Neu-ro-dy-nam  'i-cus.*  Belonging 
to  neurodynamis : neurodynam'ic. 

Neu-ro-dyn'a-mis.*  [From  vcvpov, 
a “ nerve,”  and  dvvapis,  “ strength.”] 
Nervous  strength,  or  energy. 

Jfeu-ro-dyn'i-a.:!:  [From  vcvpov,  a 

“nerve,”  and  oivvrj,  “pain.”]  (Fr.  Ne- 
vrodynie,  nAvno'de'n^'.)  Pain  of  a 
nerve ; an  affection  similar  to  neuralgia , 
but  limited  by  some  writers  to  chronic 
pain  in  the  nerves. 

Neu-ro-dyn'i-cus.*  Belonging  to 
neurodynia : ncurodym'ic. 

\eu-rog  c-ny.  [Newrogc'nia;  from 

vcvpoi >,  a “nerve,”  and  ycvccus,  “genera- 
tion.”] The  formation  or  production  of 
nerves. 

Neu'ro-Oli'a.*  [From  vcvpov,  a 
“ nerve,”  and  yAia,  “ glue,”  or  “cement.”] 
Nerve-cement.  A term  applied  by  Vir- 
chow to  the  substance  or  cement  which 
binds  the  proper  nervous  elements  of  a 
nerve  together,  and,  to  a certain  extent, 
gives  to  the  whole  its  form.  A remark- 
able peculiarity  of  neuro-glia  is,  that  in 
it  are  always  found,  in  greater  or  less 
356 


number,  minute  corpuscles  (termed  cor 
goora  amyla'  cea),  which,  in  their  structure 
and  chemical  properties,  closely  resemble 
vegetable  starch,  invariably  becoming 
blue  on  the  addition  of  iodine.  See 
Lardaceous  Degeneration. 

Neu-rog'ra-pliy.  [Neurogra'phia ; 
from  vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and  ypcupco,  to 
“ write.”]  A description  of  the  nerves. 

Neurohymenitis.  See  Neurilem- 
mitis. 

Neu-ro-hyp'no-tism.  [Xewro- 

Siypnotis'mus ; from  vcvpov,  a “ nerve,” 
and  x mvog,  “ sleep.”]  A term  for  the  state 
induced  by  mesmerism,  intended  to  sig- 
nify partial  sleep  of  the  nervous  system. 

Neu'roid.  [Neuroi'des;  from  vcvpov, 
a “ nerve.”]  Resembling  a nerve,  or  ner- 
vous substance. 

Neurolemma.  See  Neurilemma. 

Neu-ro-log  i-cal.  [Neurolog1'- 

icus.]  Belonging  to  neurology. 

Neu-rol'o-gy*  [Neurolo'gia;  from 
vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and  \6yog,  a “dis- 
course.”] (Fr.  Nevrologie,  n&'vRo'lo'- 
zh<V)  The  consideration  of  the  nature 
and  functions  of  the  nerves.  That  part 
of  Anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 

Neu-ro'ma,  sitis .*  [From  vcvpov,  a 
“nerve.”]  (Fr.  Nevrome,  nAvRom'.)  A 
knotty  swelling,  or  tumor,  in  the  course 
of  a nerve  : nervous  tumor. 

Neuromalacia,*  nu-ro-ma-la'she-a. 
[From  vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and  paXcuda, 
“ softness.”]  Softening  of  the  nerves. 

Neu-rom'a-tous.  [Neuromat©'- 
sus.]  Having  the  nature  of  a neuroma , 
or  nervous  tumor. 

Neu-r©-my-e-li'tis,  i dis.%  [From 
vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and  pvcXog,  “marrow.”] 
Inflammation  of  nervous  or  medullary 
substance. 

Neu-ro-my-e-lo'des.*  [From  the 
same.]  Having,  or  resembling,  medullary 
substance. 

Neu-r©-my-e-l©-i'des.::  [From  vcvpov, 
a “nerve,”  and  clbog,  a “ form.”]  Resem- 
bling nervous,  or  medullary,  substance. 

Neuron.  See  Nerve. 

Neu-ron'o-sos/:  or  Neii-ron'o-sus.* 
[From  vcvpov,  a “ nerve,”  and  vdao a 
“disease.”]  Nervous  disease,  or  disease 
of  a nerve.  See  Neuropathy. 

Neu-ro-path'lc.  [Neuropath 'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  neuropathy. 

Neu-rop'a-llny.  [Neuropatlii'a; 
from  vcvpov,  a “nerve,”  and  nddo;,  an  “af- 
fection,” or  “ disease.”]  Nearly  the  same 
as  Neuronosus. 

Neu-roph-ttiis'I-cus.*  Belonging 
to  neurogththisis. 


NEU 


NIC 


X eu-roj)li ' 48s  [From  vevpo v,  a 

“ nerve/’  and  (pOu ng,  a “ wasting.”]  Ner- 
vous tabes,  or  wasting  away  of  the  nerv  es. 

Neurojjstcra.  See  Neuiiopterous. 
Neu-rop-ter-ol'o-gy*  [Neurop- 
terolo'gia;  from  neurop' terns,  and  \6yog, 
a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  Neu- 
roptcra ; that  branch  of  Entomology 
which  treats  of  neuropterous  insects. 

N eu-rop'ter-us.*  [From  vevpov,  a 
“ nerve,”  and  tt repov,  a “ wing.”]  Neurop'- 
terous,  or  nerve-winged.  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  {Neurop' tera)  to  an  order  of 
injects  in  which  the  surface  of  the  wings 
is  finely  reticulated.  The  dragon-fly 
may  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  this 
order. 

^reM-r©-s^en-o-gra'phB-a.:;:-  [From 
vevpov,  a “ nerve,”  and  cKrjvoypatiia,  the 
“art  of  scene-painting.”]  Pictures,  or 
representations,  of  the  nerves. 

Neu'rose.  [From  vevpov,  a “nerve.”] 
The  same  as  Nervose,  which  see. 

Neii-ro'sis,*  plural  Neii-ro'ses. 
[From  the  same.]  (Fr.  Nevrose , nd'vRoz'.) 
A nervous  affection  or  disease;  in  the 
plural,  a class  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Neu-ros-the-iii'a.*  [From  vevpov,  a 
“nerve,”  and  adeveia,  a “contest,”  a 
“trial  or  exertion  of  strength.”]  Great 
nervous  power  or  excitement.  See 
Neurodynamis. 

Nefa-ro-tEieTe.*  [From  vevpov,  a 
“nerve,”  and  OrjXrj,  the  “nipple.”]  A 
nervous  papilla . 

New-r©-tfae-le-i'tis,  i dis*  [From 
neurothe' leP]  Inflammation  of  nervous 
papillse. 

Neii-rot'ie.  [Ne«rot'ictis ; from 
vevpov , a “ nerve.”]  Of  or  belonging  to 
the  nerves;  nervous. 

Neu-rot'i-ca.*  [From  neurot'  tens, 
“pertaining  to  the  nerves.”]  The  name 
of  a class  in  Dr.  Good’s  Nosology,  com- 
prising diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion. 

Jfefi-rot'o-my.  [Neur©t©'mia; 

from  vevpov,  a “nerve,”  and  Tepvos,  to 
“ cut.”]  (Fr.  Nevrotomie , nd'vRo'to'me'.) 
Dissection  of  the  nerves.  The  cutting 
or  division  of  a nerve. 

Nefa-r©-tr©'ma,  a tis.%  [From  vevpov , 
a “ nerve,”  and  rpdvpa  for  rpavpa , a 
“wound.”]  The  wound  of  a nerve. 

Neu-r©-tr©'sis.*  The  progress  of 
neurotroma. 

Xeu-ry'men,  eni-s.*  [From  vevpov, 
a “nerve,”  and  vpfjv,  a “membrane.”] 
The  same  as  Neurilemma,  which  see. 

Xeu-rym-e-ni'tis,  i dis.%  [From 
tteury'men.\  See  Neurilemmitis. 

31 


Neu'tral.  [Lat.  Neutra'lis;  Fr. 

Neutre,  nutu;  from  neu'ter , “neither  of 
the  two.”]  Applied  to  flowers  having 
neither  stamens  nor  pistils,  and  so  pro- 
ducing no  seed.  Applied  in  Chemistry 
to  substances  which  have  neither  the 
property  of  an  alkali  nor  an  acid,  as 
creatin ; also  to  salts  in  which  the  base 
is  perfectly  saturated  without  excess  of 
either  acid  or  alkali. 

Heu>tradi*za  tion.  [Jfentraliza'- 
tio,  o'?iis;  from  neutra'lis , “neutral.”] 
Applied  to  the  complete  loss  of  charac- 
teristic properties  attending  certain  com- 
binations, when  one  ingredient  is  neutral- 
ized or  saturated  by  the  other.  Thus,  if 
forty  parts  of  sulphuric  acid  be  added 
to  forty-eight  parts  of  pure  caustic  pot- 
ash, both  the  acid  and  alkali  lose  their 
characteristic  qualities,  and  a neutral 
compound  is  formed,  which  has  neither 
alkalinity  nor  acidity. 

Neu-tri-fl© ' rus.*  [From  neu'ter , 
“neutral,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing neutral  flowers : neutriflo'rous. 

IVTvralgie.  See  Neuralgia. 

N e vrast  Bienia.  See  Neurasthenia. 

N€vril£me.  See  Neurilemma. 

Kfivrine.  See  Neurine. 

]>Y‘vrite.  See  Neuritis. 

Nevrol©gie.  See  Neurology. 

^vrome.  See  Neuroma. 

Jf^vrose.  See  Neurosis. 

Mvrot©mie.  See  Neurotomy. 

New  Jersey  Tea.  See  Red  Root. 

Nez  (Fr.),  nd.  See  Nasus. 

Nicaragua  (nik-ar-d'gwd)  Wood, 
called  also  PeacSi  Wood.  The  wood 
of  a tree  which  belongs  to  the  genus 
Csesalpinia,  and  grows  near  Lake  Nicara- 
gua. It  is  used  as  a dye. 

Nie'co-late.  [Nic 'colas,  a't/s.] 
Niccolic  oxide  being  a base  or  acid,  this 
name  has  been  given  to  the  compounds 
which  it  produces,  when  it  plays  the 
second  part. 

Nic-col'I-cais.*  Belonging  to  nicco- 
lum,  or  nickel : niccolic. 

Niclk'el.  A white,  hard  metal,  gen- 
erally found  in  the  metallic  state ; some- 
times as  an  oxide.  It  is  found  in  all 
meteoric  stones.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
about  9.  It  is  used  extensively  in  the 
preparation  of  German  silver,  of  which 
it  constitutes  one-fifth  part. 

Nicotia.  See  Nicotin. 

Nicotiana,*  ne-ko-she-a'na.  [From 
Nicot,  who  first  brought  it  to  Europe.] 
Tobacco.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Pentandria , natural  order  Solanacese. 

Nicosia' ita  A-mer-i-ca'na.*  A 

357 


NIC 


NIT 


name  for  the  Nicotiana  tabacum,  or  to- 
bacco-plant. 

Nicotia'na  Tab'a*cnm.  i:  The  Vir- 
ginia tobacco-plant. 

Nicotianira,  ne-ko'she-a-nin.  [Nico- 
tiani'na;  from  nicotia'na .]  A fatty, 
volatile  substance,  found  in  tobacco,  to 
which  it  gives  the  characteristic  odor. 

Ni-c©t  i-cus.*  Belonging  to  nicotin. 

Nic'o-tin,  or  Nic'o-tine.  [Nico- 
ti'na;  from  nicotia'na,  “ tobacco.”]  An 
acrid  colorless  (or  nearly  colorless)  fluid, 
forming  the  active  principle  of  tobacco : 
it  is  a powerful  poison. 

M ictitating  Membrane.  See  Me m - 

BRANA  NlCTITATANS. 

Nic4I-ta'tion.  [Nictita'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  nic’tito,  nictita'tum , to  “ wink 
often.”]  A quick  and  frequent  closing 
of  the  eyelids ; frequent  winking. 

Nid-l-fi-ca'tiow.  [Mdiflca'tio, 
© ’nis;  from  ni'dus , a “nest,”  and  fa’cio , 
to  “ make.”]  The  act  or  process  of  form- 
ing a nest. 

Xld'n-lant.  [Xad'filaiiis,  an'/w; 

from  nid'-ulor,  to  “nestle.”]  Nestling.  A 
term  sometimes  used  in  Botany. 

3iifl-n-la/ti©ifi.  [Kidola'tio,  © 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  sitting  on  a 
nest ; incubation. 

X itl-n-la'tus.-  [F  rom  nid'ulus,  a 
“little  nest.”]  Nestled;  in  a nest; 
nid'ulate. 

Niglif-Bliaadaiess.  See  Hemera- 
lopia. 

Xigbtmare.  See  Ephialtes,  Incu- 
bus, and  Oneirodynia  Gravans. 

Nigfct'sbade,  Bead'ly.  The  At'ropa 
belladon'na. 

Night'sbade,  W©od'y.  The  Sola'- 

num  didcama'ra. 

See  Nyctalopia. 

Nig-ri-cau'lis.'1  [From  ni'c/er, 
“ black,”  and  cau'lis,  a “ stem.”]  Hav- 
ing a black  stem  : nigricau'linc. 

Nig'ri-pes,  p 'edis.*  [From  ni'c/er, 
“black,”  and  pes,  a “foot.”]  Having  a 
black  8tipes,  or  foot. 

Kig-ra-sper'mnis.*  [From  ni'c/er, 
“ black,”  and  aidppa,  a “ seed.”]  Having 
black  seeds. 

Nig-rities,*  ni-grish'c-ez.  [From 
ni’c/er,  “ black.”]  Literally,  “ blackness.” 
A black  or  dark  color. 

Nig-ri'ties  Os'siucn*  (osh'e-um). 
(“  Blackness  of  the  Bones.”)  A term 
sometimes  applied  to  caries. 

Nihil  Al  bum.  Literally,  “white 
nothing.”  A name  for  the  flowers  of  the 
white  oxide  of  zinc. 

Ni-o'l>I-um. A new  metal  discov- 
358 


ered  in  the  Bavarian  tantalite.  The  name 
was  given  from  Niobe , the  daughter  of 
Tantalus,  to  show  the  affinity  or  analogy 
of  the  metal  to  tantalium. 

Niph-a-blep'sl-a.*  [From  vtya, 
“snow,”  and  dSXcipia,  “blindness.”] 
Snow-blindness.  Blindness  caused  by 
the  glaring  reflection  of  sunlight  upon 
the  snow.  To  guard  against  this  disease, 
the  Esquimaux  wear  goggles  called  snow- 
eyes. 

A iph-o-typk -Eo 'sis.  - The  progress 

of  niphotyphlotes. 

NipEi-o-typh'lo-tes.*  [From  vtya, 
“ snow,”  and  rvcp\6g,  “ blind.”]  Blind- 
ness produced  by  exposure  to  the  glare 
of  sunlight  upon  the  snow:  the  same  as 
Niphablepsia. 

Nip'ple.  [Lat.  Mammilla:  Fr. 

Mamelon,  m§nTl6NG\]  The  small  conical 
projection  in  the  centre  of  the  breast. 
See  Mammilla,  and  Papilla. 

Ni'sus.*  [From  ni'tor , ni'sus , to 
“endeavor.”]  An  effort  made  by  the 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm  and  ab- 
dominal muscles,  to  expel  any  thing 
from  the  body.  Also  applied  to  the 
vernal  generative  impulse  of  birds,  etc. 

NTsuis  For-ma-ti ' vus.$  Literally, 
a “ formative  effort.”  A principle  simi- 
lar to  gravitation,  applied  by  Blumen- 
bach  to  organized  matter,  by  which  each 
organ  is  supposed  to  be  endowed,  as 
soon  as  it  acquires  structure,  with  a vita 
propria,  or  vital  power  peculiar  to  itself. 

Nit'id.  [Nit'idus;  from  ni'ieo,  to 
“shine.”]  Smooth  and  shining.  Applied 
to  some  plants,  or  leaves. 

Nit-i-di-flo'rus.*  [From  nit'idus , 
“ shining,”  and  Jlo8,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing brilliant  flowers : nitidiflo'rous. 

Nit-I-dl-fo'li-us.*  [From  nit'idus, 
“ shining,”  and /o' Hum,  a “ leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing shining  leaves : nitidifo'lious. 

Ni'tras  Ar-^en'ts.*  (“Nitrate  of 
Silver.”)  See  Lunar  Caustic. 

Nitras  P©tassse.  See  Potassjb 
Nitras. 

Ni'trale.  [Ni'tras,  a'f*>.]  A com- 
bination of  nitric  acid  with  a base. 

Ni'trate  ©f  Potash.  Nitre,  or  salt- 
petre. 

Ni'trate  ©f  Sil'ver.  The  Nitrat 
arc/enti,  or  lunar  caustic. 

M'trat-ed.  [Nitra'tus.]  Applied 
to  a base  converted  into  a salt  by  com- 
bination with  nitric  acid. 

Ni'tro.  [Lat.  Ni'triim ; Gr.  virpo  >.] 
The  nitrate  of  potash,  commonly  called 
saltpetre.  It  is  the  chief  ingredient  of 
gunpowder.  See  Potass  a:  Nitras. 


NIT 


NOD 


NTI'tric.  [Ni'tricus ; from  ni'trum, 
“nitre.”]  Belonging  to  nitre.  Applied 
to  an  acid. 

NTi'tric  A^'id  [A$'iduvn  Ni'tri- 
cum],  formerly  called  A qua  For'tis* 
(“Strong  Water”).  A compound  of 
oxygen  and  nitrogen,  which  contains 
five  equivalents  of  the  former  to  one  of 
the  latter.  It  is  a powerful  solvent,  dis- 
solving all  the  metals  ordinarily  met 
with,  except  gold  and  platinum.  See 
Aqua  Fortis. 

NTi-trl-fi-ca'tion.  [Nitrifnca'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  ni'trum,  “nitre,”  and  fa'cio, 
to  “make.”]  The  process  of  conversion 
into  nitre. 

Nii'trite.  [Ni'tris,  i'fo*.]  A com- 
bination of  nitrous  acid  with  a base. 

NTi-tro-ben-zin'ic  A^'id.  [A^'idum 
Nitrobenzin'icus.]  The  name  given 
to  a new  nitrogenous  acid,  into  which 
benzoic  acid  is  transformed  when  acted 
upon  by  strong  nitric  acid : also  termed 
benzoi-nitric. 

Xi-tro-ben'zole,  or  Ni-tro-ben'- 
zule,  also  called  Wi-tro-ben'zide. 
[From  ni'tric , benzo'ic,  and  0X7,  “ stuff,” 
or  “substance.”]  A peculiar  substance, 
produced  by  the  action  of  concentrated 
nitric  acid  on  benzole.  It  is  sometimes 
called  “artificial  oil  of  bitter  almonds;” 
but  it  differs  essentially  from  the  true 
oil  in  containing  no  prussic  acid. 

Nii'tro-gen.  [Nitroge'nium ; from 
virpoif,  “nitre,”  and  yewaxa,  to  “gene- 
rate.”] An  important  elementary  prin- 
ciple, forming  about  four-fifths  of  atmo- 
spheric air ; azote. 

Xrtro-gfe-nlzed  Foods.  Sub- 
stances containing  nitrogen,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  the  only  substances  capable 
of  being  converted  into  blood,  and  of 
forming  organic  tissues. 

Nii'tro-mu-ri-at'ic  A$'id.  [Lat. 
A$'idiim  Hitromnriaticnm,  or 
A'qua  Ite'gia;  Fr.  Ean  regale,  o iA'- 
g&l'.]  A compound  acid  formed  by  the 
union  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids.  It 
is  the  only  known  acid  which  has  the 
power  of  dissolving  gold. 

Xi'trous.  [Biitro'sus;  from  ni'- 
trum, “nitre.”]  Belonging  to  nitre. 

Ni  trous  A?'id.  [A^'idum  Nitro'- 
sum.]  An  acid  consisting  of  four 
equivalents  of  oxygen  combined  with 
one  equivalent  of  nitrogen. 

Nl'trous  Ox'ide.  More  properly, 
the  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  the  compound 
known  as  exhilarating  or  laughing  gas. 

Ni'trum  Flam 'mans**  [from  flam' - 
mo,  to  “flame”].  A name  given  to 


nitrate  of  ammonia,  from  its  property  of 
exploding. 

Ni'trum  Sat-ur-ni'num.**  An- 
other name  for  nitrate  of  lead.  See 
Plumbi  Nitras. 

Ni'tru-ret.  [Nitrure'tum ; from 
ni'trum,  “nitre.”]  A combination  of 
nitrogen  with  a simple  body. 

Nii'val.  [Niva'lis;  from  nix,  nr' vis, 
“ snow.”]  Applied  to  plants  which  flower 
during  winter:  also  to  those  which  grow 
upon  mountains  covered  with  eternal 
snows,  and  to  those  that  grow  on  the 
snow  itself. 

Niv'e-ous.  [From  the  same.]  Snow- 
white. 

N.  M.  Nux  Moscha'ta.%  “Nutmeg.” 

No.  = Nu'mero.  The  Italian  word 
for  “ number.” 

Niob'I-lis.*  [From  nos'eo,  to  “ know.”] 
Well  known,  distinguished:  hence, 
“noble,”  as  used  in  English.  Applied  to 
many  objects,  by  way  of  eminence. 

Noc-tani-bu-la'tion.  [Noctam- 
biola'tio,  o ' nis ; from  nox,  noc'tis , 
“ night,”  and  am'bulo,  ambula'tum,  to 
“walk.”]  Sleep-walking,  or  walking 
during  sleep  ; Oneirodyn’ia  acti'va. 

Noc-tl-flo'rus.*  [From  nox,  “ night,” 
and  Jlo8,  a “ flower.”]  Flowering  at 
night:  noctiflo'rous. 

Noc-ti-lu'cus.*  [From  nox,  “night,” 
and  lu'ceo,  to  “ shine.”]  Applied  to 
flowers  which  open  at  night,  and  close 
during  its  course. 

Noc-tur'nal.  [AToctnr'nus ; from 
nox,  noc’tis,  “night.”]  Belonging  to 
the  night-time.  Applied  to  flowers 
which  remain  open  during  the  night 
and  close  themselves  in  the  daytime,  or 
shed  an  agreeable  odor  at  night  and  are 
inodorous  in  the  day.  Applied  in  Ento- 
mology to  a family  of  the  Lepidoptera 
which  fly  only  at  night,  or  after  sunset; 
in  Ornithology,  to  a family  of  predaceous 
birds  which  are  chiefly  on  the  wing  in 
the  twilight  and  when  the  moon  shines, 
and  forming,  according  to  Linnaeus,  but 
one  genus  (Strix),  including  the  owls. 

Nocturnal  Blindness.  See  Heme- 
ralopia. 

Noc-tur'n«al  F-mis'sion.  The 

same  as  Nocturmal  Pollution. 

Nocturnal  Fight.  See  Nyctalopia. 

STocturnal  Pollution.  See  Sper- 
matorrhoea Dormientium. 

Nod'ding.  Curved  so  that  the  apex 
hangs  down.  Applied  to  plants. 

Node.  [Lat.  No  dus,  plural  Ko'di; 
from  the  Hebrew  Anad,  to  “knit,”  or 
“tie;”  Fr.  Nocud,  nuh.]  A knot,  knob, 
359 


NOD 


NOS 


or  joint.  The  point  of  intersection  of 
the  orbit  of  a planet  with  the  ecliptic. 
In  Botany,  the  place  on  a stem  where  a 
leaf  is  attached  Also,  a hard,  circurn 
scribed  tumor  on  a bone,  arising  from  a 
swelling  of  the  periosteum. 

No'«li  Ner-vo'riim.*  (‘"Knots  of  the 
Nerves.”)  The  same  as  ganglion*.  See 
Ganglion. 

No-dif  er-us.*  [From  no'dus,  a 
“ knot,”  or  “ node,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing  nodes : nodiferous. 

Nod-i-flo'rus.*  [From  no'dus,  a 
“knot,”  or  “node,”  and  Jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  flowers  with  nodes  or  joints. 

Nod'I-pes,  p 'edis.%  [From  no'dus, 
a “knot,”  or  “node,”  and  pes,  a “foot.”] 
Having  feet  thickset  with  nodosities. 

No-dose'.  [Notlo  sns;  from  no'dus, 
a “knot,”  or  “node.”]  Having  nodes; 
knotty ; swollen  in  some  parts,  contracted 
at  others. 

No-do'sis.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
progress  or  formation  of  nodes ; the  node 
disease. 

No-dos'i-ty.  [Nodos'itas,  n'tis; 
from  the  same.]  The  state,  or  quality, 
of  being  nodose. 

Nod'u-lar.  [Nodula'ris.]  Be- 
longing to  a nodule ; having  the  form 
of  a nodule. 

Nod-ii-la'ri-us.*  [From  nod' ulus,  a 
“nodule.”]  Having  nodules:  nodula'- 
rious. 

Nodule.  [Nod' ulus:  diminutive 
of  no'dus,  a “ node.”]  A little  node. 

Nod-u-lif'er-us.*  [From  nod’ ulus, 
a “nodule,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  nodosities:  nodulif 'erous. 

Nod'u-lose.  [Nodalo'sus;  from 
nod’ ulus,  a “nodule.”]  Full  of  nodules. 

No 'd us, **  plural  Nodi.  “A  knot.” 
See  Node. 

No'«lus  Cer'e-bri.*  (“  Knot  of  the 
Brain.”)  A designation  of  the  Pons 
Varolii,  which  see. 

Noeud.  See  Node. 

Noix,  nw&.  The  French  for  Nut, 
which  see. 

No'li  me  Tan'&e-re.*  (“  Touch  me 
not.”)  A malignant  disease  affecting 
the  skin,  and  sometimes  the  cartilages, 
of  the  nose. 

No'ma.*  [From  vinos,  to  “ eat  away.”] 
A corroding,  ulcerous  disease  of  the  skin, 
frequently  attacking  the  mouth.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Cancer  A qnaticus  (“  Wa- 
tery Cancer”),  because  accompanied  by  a 
flow  of  saliva.  Also  applied  to  an  ulcer- 
ation of  the  pudenda  in  female  children. 

Nombril,  n6m'bn^'.  See  Umbilicus. 
300 


No'men-cla-ture.  [Nomencla^ 

tu  'ra:  from  no' men,  a “name,”  and 
ca'io,  to  “call.”]  The  proper  arrange- 
ment and  application  of  a set  of  dis- 
tinctive and  significant  words  as  names 
of  particular  objects  in  science  or  lan- 
guage. 

Non  Compos  Men'tis.*  (“Not 
Sound  of  Mind.”)  Applied  to  those  “ who 
lose  their  intellects  by  disease,  that  grow 
deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  not  having  been 
born  so;  or  such,  in  short,  as  are  judged 
by  the  Court  of  Chancery  incapable  of 
conducting  their  own  affairs.” 

Non-l’om'po-tes.*  [The  plural  of 
Non  Compos.]  Not  having  ability  or 
.purpose;  madmen. 

Nootfli's  Ap-pa-ra'tus.  An  appa- 
ratus for  impregnating  water  with  car- 
bonic acid  or  other  gases. 

Nor  mal.  [From  nor'ma,  a “rule.”] 
Regular;  without  any  deviation  from  the 
ordinary  structure  or  function. 

Northern  Light.  A popular  name 
for  the  Auro'ra  Borea'lis. 

Nose.  See  Nasus. 

Nose,  Bleeding  of  the.  See  Epi- 

STAXIS. 

Nos-o-co-mi-a'lis,*  or  Nos-o-co'- 
mi-al.  Belonging  to  a nosocomium. 

Nos-o-co-mi'um.;:  [From  voaog,  a 

“disease,”  and  Kopcos,  to  “take  care  of.”] 
A hospital  or  infirmary  for  the  sick. 

Nos-o-<!o-ebi'um.*  [From  v6oog, 
“disease,”  and  doxeiov,  a “receptacle.”] 
See  Hospital. 

Nos-o-s'e'iiS-a,*  or  Nos-o-gen'e-sis.* 

[From  I'daog,  “ disease,”  and  y&eoiq,  “ gene- 
ration.”] The  production  and  progress 
of  disease. 

No-sog'ira-phy.  [Nosographia; 

from  v(xrog,  “disease,”  and  ypinpos,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  diseases, 
their  characters,  nature,  and  course. 

Nos-o-logr'a-cal.  [Nosolo£'icus.] 
Bel  on  gins:  to  nosology. 

No-sol'o-gy.  [Nosolo'g-ia:  from 
vfoog,  “ disease,”  and  X 6yog,  a “ discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  or  science  of  diseases;  also, 
that  science  or  system  which  treats  of 
the  classification  of  diseases. 

Nos-tal's’I-a.-  [From  marius,  to  “ come 
home,”  or  “return,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”] 
(Fr.  Maladic  du  Pays , m&'l&'d£'  dii  p&-£'.) 
Nos'falgy.  An  intense  longing  to  return 
to  one’s  native  country:  longing  for 
home;  home  sickness.  A genus  of  the 
order  Dysorexite,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Nos-t&l'&ic.  [Nostal'gicus.]  Be- 
longing to  nostalgia. 


NOS 


NUC 


Nos-to-ma'iil-a.*  [From  voario), 
to  ‘‘come  home,"  or  “ return,"  and  pavia , 
“madness."]  A kind  of  madness,  form- 
ing the  highest  degree  of  nostalgia. 

Nostril.  See  Naris. 

Nos'trum.*  [Neuter  of  nos'fer. 
“ours;"  implying  that  it  is  private  pro- 
perty, not  shared  by  the  community  at 
large.]  A significant  term  for  any  quack 
or  patent  medicine. 

No-tal'gi-a.*  [From  vdrov,  the 
“back,"  and  a\yo$,  “pain."]  Pain  of 
the  back. 

No-tal'gfi-cus.*  Belonging  to  uo- 
taUjia : notal'gic. 

Notch.  (Fr.  Eehancrure,  &'shoNQ'kriiR'.) 
A depression  or  indentation  on  the  cir- 
cumference or  edge  of  certain  bones. 

No-tcn-^CBih'ti-lo-^ele.*-  [From  vd- 
tov,  the  “back,"  iyKc^aXov,  the  “brain," 
and  Kri\r],  a “ tumor."]  Protrusion  of  the 
brain  (in  a monster-foetus)  from  a cleft 
in  the  back  of  the  head. 

No-tcii-^epBi  a-lus.;i:  [From  vdno:>, 
the  “back,"  and  iyKC(pa\ov , the  “brain."] 
A monster-foetus,  with  the  brain  in  a 
hernial  mass  on  the  back. 

No'to-chord.  [From  vdrov,  the 
“back,"  and  xopfo ?,  a “string."]  A term 
for  the  spinal  marrow. 

No-to-my'e-los,*  or  No-to-iny'c- 
lus.:-  [From  vdrov,  the  “ back,"  and 
p')e\os,  “ marrow."]  The  Medullse  ejiina- 
li8 , or  spinal  marrow. 

No-tm*-rhi'ze-MS.*  [From  vdrov,  the 
“back,"  and  pKa,  a “root."]  Having 
the  radicles  turned  up  against  one  of 
the  faces  of  the  cotyledons. 

Nmurrice,  noo'r£ss'.  A French  term 
for  “nurse."  See  Nutrix. 

Nomire,  noo'iiR'.  The  French  term 
for  “ rickets."  See  Rachitis. 

Nmiveau-n£,  noo'vo  n&\  The 
French  term  for  “ newly-born."  See  Neo- 
natits. 

No-vac'n-lar.  [Novaeula'ris ; from 
novae' via,  a “razor."]  Literally,  “per- 
taining to  a razor."  Applied  to  a variety 
of  schist  with  which  hones  or  razor-stones 
are  made. 

No-vac'u-litc.  [From  novac’ula , a 
“razor,"  and  \i6og,  a “ stone."]  A stone 
of  which  hones  are  made  for  sharpening 
razors.  It  is  of  a slaty  structure,  and 
contains  silex. 

No-vem-cos-ta'tiis.*  [From  vo'vem , 
“nine,"  and  cos'ta,  a “rib."]  Having 
nine  ribs  or  longitudinal  projections. 

No-vem-lo-ba'tus.';f  [From  vo'vem , 
“nine,"  and  lo'bus,  a “lobe."]  Divided 
into  nine  lobes. 

31* 


Nu-bec'ii-la.*  [Diminutive  of  nn'be8f 
a “cloud."]  The  little  cloud-like  ap- 
pearances suspended  in  the  urine  in  cer  - 
tain disordered  conditions. 

Nu-bec-u-la'tus.*  Presenting  ap- 
pearances resembling  nubeculse:  nubecu- 
late. 

Nu-bi&'cii-ous.  [Nnbig'eiiiiN ; 

from  n u'bes,  a “cloud,"  and  ge’no,  to 
“beget."]  Cloud-born.  Growing  upon 
mountains  at  a very  great  height. 

Nu-ca-men'tuin.*  [From  mix,  a 
“ nut."  and  amen' turn,  a “ catkin."]  Sy- 
nonymous with  Amentum. 

Nu'ceS,*  the  plural  of  Nux,  which  see. 

Nu'cha,*  gen.  Nu'-eliae.  The  nape, 
or  back  part,  of  the  neck. 

Nu-elta'lis.*  Belonging  to  the  nucha , 

Nu-clf'er-ous.  [Nudferns;  from 
mix,  nu'eis.  a “ nut,"  and fe'ro , to  “ bear."] 
Bearing  nuts. 

Nu-ci-for'mis.*  [From  mix,  nu'cis, 
a “nut."]  Resembling  a nut;  nuci- 
form. 

Nu'cle-at-ed.  [Nuclca'tus;  from 
vn'dcus,  a “kernel,"  or  “central  part."] 
Having  nuclei. 

Nu'cle-i,*  the  plural  of  Nucleus, 
which  see. 

Nu-cle-if'er-us.*  [From  nn'cleus,  a 
“kernel,"  or  “central  part,"  and  fe'ro , 
to  “bear."]  Bearing  kernels. 

Kw-cIe'l-foi’Mi.  [Nuclei  for 'mis ; 
from  nu'cleus,  a “kernel,"  or  “central 
part."]  Resembling  a nucleus;  nut- 
shaped. 

Nu-ele'o-lus,*  plural  Nw-ele'o-15. 

[Diminutive  of  nn'cleus , a “kernel,"  or 
“ central  part."]  A little  nucleus : a nu'- 
cleole. 

Nu'cle-os,*  plural  Nti-cle'l.  [From 
mix , a “ nut."]  In  Astronomy,  that  por- 
tion of  a macula  (or  spot  on  the  sun’s 
surface)  which  is  much  darker  than  the 
rest;  also  applied  to  a small  dense  por- 
tion in  the  centre  of  a comet.  In  Botany, 
the  kernel  of  a nut,  or  of  the  stone  of 
fruit.  Also,  any  solid  substance,  or 
thread,  suspended  in  crystallizing  mat- 
ter, to  afford  points  of  contact  for  the 
commencement  of  crystallization.  Sy- 
nonymous with  Cytoblast.  Any  thing 
about  which  a substance  or  matter 
gathers,  as  a cherry-stone  forming  the 
centre  of  a calculus. 

Ntt-cu-la'iii-um.*  A name  for  a 
berry  containing  several  seeds,  as  a 
grape. 

Nu'cule.  [Nti'eula;  diminutive  of 
nux , a “nut."]  A little  nut;  a small, 
hard,  seed-like  pericarp,  as  in  the  oak. 

361 


NUC 


NYC 


Xn-ea-lo'sus."  [From  nu'cula,  a 
“ nucule.’’]  Having  nucules. 

Nu-cli-branch  i-ate.  [Nudibran- 

chia'tus;  from  nu'dus,  “ naked.”  and 
branch'  ise , the  “respiratory  organs”  in  cer- 
tain animals.]  Having  exposed  branchiae. 

N ii-di-cau  'date.  [N  udieauda'- 
tus:  from  nu'dus , “naked,”  and  can' da, 
a “ tail.”]  Having  the  tail  without  hairs. 

Ku-di-cau'lis.^  [From  nu'dus,  “na- 
ked,” and  cau' l is,  a “ stem.”]  Having  a 
leafless  stem. 

Nu-cli-flo'rus.*  [From  nu'dus,  “na- 
ked,” and  jios,  a “flower.”]  Having  a 
naked  corolla : nudiflo'rous. 

Nu-di-foli-us.  [From  nu'dus,  “na- 
ked,” and  f o' Hum , a “leaf.”]  Having 
smooth  leaves. 

X u-di-pel-lif 'er-us.*  [From  nu'dus, 
“naked,”  pel'lis,  the  “skin,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Having  the  skin  entirely 
bare. 

Nu'di-pes,  i *'edis.%  [From  nu’dus, 
“naked,”  and  pes,  a “foot.”]  Having 
naked  feet:  nu'dipede. 

Nul-li-uer'vis.*  [From  nul' l us , 
“none,”  or  “ no,”  and  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”] 
Applied  to  leaves  which  have  neither 
true  nor  false  nerves. 

Nul-1  i p ' o-  r us.  * [From  nul’lus, 

“none,”  or  “no,”  and po'rus,  a “pore.”] 
Having  no  pores  on  their  surface. 

Numbness.  See  Torpor. 

Nu-mis-ma'lis.*  [From  numis'ma , 
a “coin.”]  Like  a piece  of  money  : nu- 
mis'mal.  Applied  to  certain  shells. 

Nu-mis-inatic.  [Numismat'icus; 
from  numis'ma,  a “coin.”]  Pertaining 
to  a coin  or  medal. 

N u-mis-mat ' ics.  [N  umismat 

ica;  from  numismat'icus,  “pertaining  to  a 
coin.”]  The  science  of  coins  and  medals. 

Num-mi-for'uiis.*  [From  num'- 
mu8,  a “medal,”  or  “coin.”]  Shaped 
like  a piece  of  money:  num'miforin. 

\nm  mudar  [Nummula  ris],  and 
Num'mu-Iat-ed  [Nummula  tus: 
from  num'mulus,  a “coin”].  Pertaining 
to,  or  resembling,  a coin  or  coins.  Some- 
times applied  to  thick,  roundish  sputa. 

Nut.  [Lat.  Nux ; Fr.  Noix,  nwA] 
A hard,  one-celled,  and  one-seeded  in- 
dehiscent  fruit,  as  that  of  the  oak,  hazel, 
chesnut,  etc. 

Nu'tant.  [Nu  tans;  from  nu'to,  nu- 
ta'tum , to  “ nod,”  “ bend,”  or  “ waver.”] 
Nodding;  drooping.  Applied  to  the 
stems  of  plants. 

Nu-ta'tion.  [Nuta'tio,  o 'nis ; from 
the  same.]  A small  gyratory  motion 
of  the  earth’s  axis,  in  virtue  of  which, 
362 


if  it  subsisted  alone  without  the  preces- 
sion of  the  equinoxes,  the  pole  of  the 
equator  would  describe  among  the  stars, 
in  a period  of  about  nineteen  years,  a 
small  ellipse. — (Brande.)  The  property 
which  certain  flowers  have  of  following 
the  apparent  movement  of  the  sun. 

Nu-ta'tor,  o'ris.*  [From  the  same.] 
Literally,  a “nodder,”  or  “that  which 
nods.”  Applied  to  the  Sterno-cleido- 
mastouleus, because  nodding  is  performed 
chiefly  by  its  exercise. 

Nufgall.  See  Gall  A. 

Nut  meg'.  The  seed  of  the  J Myristica 
moschata ; also  called  Nux,  Aromaticu, 
Moschata,  or  Myristica. 

Nu'tri-ment.  [Nutrimen'tum, 
Nutri'men, m ’inis ; from  nu'trio,  nutri'- 
tum,  to  **  nourish.”]  Nourishment.  See 
Aliment. 

Nu-trl'tion.  [Nutri'tio,o';us  ; from 
the  same.]  The  assimilation  or  identifi- 
cation of  nutritive  matter  to  or  with  our 
organs. 

Nutrition,  Excessive,  Nutrition, 
^lorbid.  See  Alogotrophy. 

Nu'trix,  i 'ci«.*  [From  nu'trio,  to 
“nourish.”]  (Fr.  Nourrice,  noo'r&ss'.) 
One  who  has  the  charge  and  suckling  of 
an  infant,  and  then  termed  a wet-nurse. 
Also,  a nurse  or  attendant  upon  the  sick 
or  infirm  (Fr.  Garde-malade,  gaRd  m&v- 
\W). 

Nux,*  gen.  Nu'cis,  plural  Nu'$es.  A 
“nut.”  Applied  by  some  botanists  to  a 
fruit  like  that  of  the  Lithospermum,  Bo - 
rago,  etc.  It  is  also  called  Acheniutn. 

Nux  Ar-o-mat'i-ca.*  The  nutmeg, 
or  seed  of  the  Myristica  moschata. 

Nux  Me-tel'la.*  The  seed  of  Strycli- 
no8  nux  vomica. 

Nux  Mos-cha'ta,*  Nux  ^ly-ris'tl- 

ea.*  The  nutmeg,  or  fruit  of  the  My- 
ristica moschata. 

Nux  Vom'i-ca.*  The  Pharmaco- 
poeia! name  ||  of  the  seed  of  Strychnos 
nux  vomica.  Nux  vomica  has  been  long 
known  to  the  Indian  and  Arabian  phy- 
sicians. It  has  been  employed  as  a 
remedy  in  dyspepsia;  also,  in  intermit- 
tents  and  other  fevers  in  which  power- 
ful tonics  are  indicated.  Its  use,  how- 
ever, is  dangerous,  except  in  small  doses. 
In  largo  quantities,  it  usually  proves 
speedily  fatal,  death  being  preceded  by 
spasms,  and  sometimes  permanent  mus- 
cular contraction. 

Nyctagiuaceav*  nik-taj-e-na'shc-C, 
or  Nyc-tag'I-neS.*  [From  Nycta'go, 
one  of  the  genera.]  A natural  order  of 
exogenous  p’ants,  found  in  tropical  and 


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temperate  regions.  It  includes  the  Mir- 
ab'ilis  (the  Marvel  of  Peru).  The  roots 
of  many  species  are  purgative. 

Nyc-tag-'I-nes, the  plural  of  Nyc- 
ta'go,  forming  the  Jussicuan  name  of  a 
natural  order  of  plants.  See  Nyctagi- 
naceal 

N yc-ta-Iop ' ic.  [Kyctalop'iens.  ] 

Belonging  to  nyctalopy. 

Myc'ta-lo-py.  [Nyctalopia;  from 
vv^,  wKTOi,  “ night,”  and  c dip,  ‘‘vision.”] 
Defect  of  vision  except  in  the  evening 
and  at  night;  nocturnal  sight;  day- 
blindness. 

Nyc-to-pho'iii-a.*  [Prom  rv%,  “night,” 
and  poo),  the  “voice.”]  Loss  of  voice 
during  the  day. 

Wyc'to-ily-pBilo'sis.*  [From  iv£, 
“night,”  and  rvpXojis,  a “making  blind,” 
also  “blindness.”]  A term  for  nocturnal 
blindness.  See  Nyctalopy. 

Nym'plia,*  plural  Nym'phse. 
[From  rvppn,  a “ marriageable  maiden.”] 
The  membranous  folds  descending,  one 
on  each  side,  from  the  prepuce  of  the 
clitoris;  also  termed  Labia  minora , in 
distinction  from  the  Labia  pudendi , or 
Labia  majora.  Also,  a nymph,  pupa, 
or  chrysalis,  being  the  second  condition 
in  the  metamorphosis  of  insects. 

Nym'phae,*  gen.  Nym-pliarnm, 
the  plural  of  Nymph  a,  which  see. 

Nym-pliae'a.*  [From  rvppn,  a “maid- 
en,” a “ water-nymph.”]  A genus  of 
beautiful  floating  plants,  of  the  Linnman 
class  Polyandria , natural  order  Nym- 
phseacese . 


O.  = Octa'rium.%  “ A pint.” 

Oak.  The  name  of  a tree.  See 
Quercus. 

Oak  Bark.  See  Quercus  Alba. 

Oak  Gall.  See  Gall-Nut. 

Oarialg’ia.  See  Ovarialgia. 

O-ar'i-cus.*  [From  u>dpioj,  a “small 
egg.”]  Belonging  to  the  ovary. 

O -ar'I-o-^ele.*  [From  didpiosy  a 
“small  egg,”  an  “ ovule,”  also  the 
“ovary”  (?)  and  kjjXtl  a “tumor.”]  A 
tumor,  or  hernia,  of  the  ovary. 

O-ar-i-oai'cws.*  [From  c bdpioj,  an 
“ovule,”  or  “ovary,”  and  oyno;,  a “tu- 
mor.”] A tumor  of  the  ovary ; a tumid 
ovary. 

O-a'ri-tim.*  [From  cddptoi',  a “ small 
egg.”]  The  same  as  Ovarium;  an 
ovary. 


jVyinphaeaceap, nim-fe-a'she-c.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  floating 
plants  (water-lilies),  found  in  nearly  all 
parts  of  the  northern  hemisphere.  It 
includes  the  Nymphse' a and  the  Victoria 
regia,  the  flower  of  which  is  the  largest 
known,  sometimes  measuring  more  than 
four  feet  in  circumference. 

Ny  m-plt  i'tis,  i dis.®  [From  nym’phsc.] 
Inflammation  of  the  nymph  sc,. 

Ny  m'pM-its.*  Having  a nymph ium : 
nym'phious. 

Nyroi-piiso-i'dcs.*  [From  wppaia,  the 
“ water-lily,”  and  £?&>,-,  a “ form.”]  Re- 
sembling the  Nymphsra,  or  water-lily. 
Applied  to  a species  of  Jfenya)ithes, 
etc. 

NycM-pho-BMia'Bai-a.*  [From  vippri, 
a “maiden,”  a “woman,”  and  puma, 
“ madness.”]  Morbid  or  excessive  sexual 
desire  in  females.  It  is  often  associated 
with,  or  becomes  a form  of,  insanity.  Also 
termed  F uror  uterinus,  and  IJysteromania . 
A genus  of  the  order  Dysorexisc , class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ny»*B-phmn'cfi!S.;::'  [From  nym'plia, 
and  byxo;,  a “turner.”]  A tumor,  or 
swelling,  of  the  nymphse. 

Kyrai-  pEtoi'o-my  [NympEiolo'- 
naaia;  from  nym'phsr,  and  r.'/o'to,  to  “cut”], 
or  Nyin-plia'rum  Sec'tio.*  The  ope- 
ration of  cutting  away  the  nymphse  when 
diseased  or  greatly  enlarged. 

Nys-tag-'tmis.*  [Gr.  rvaraypog ; from 
warded,  to  “be  sleepy.”]  Habitual 
squinting,  or  a partial  rotatory  move- 
ment of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side. 


Oats.  The  seeds  of  Arena  sativa. 

Olb.  A Latin  particle  signifying 
“against,”  “in  the  way,”  implying  ob- 
struction, “opposite,”  and  hence  some- 
times “inversely.”  Before  words  begin- 
ning with  c,  f,  or  p,  the  b is  usually 
changed  to  the  corresponding  consonant : 
lienee  we  have  occlusion  for  obclusion, 
offend  for  obfend,  oppose  for  obpose,  etc. 

©k-cla'vate.  [OtoeSava'tans ; from 
ob,  “inversely,”  and  cla'va , a “club.”] 
Having  the  appearance  of  an  inverted 
club. 

Offr-cODi'I-eal.  [Ofocaaa'ieuns;  from 
ob,  “inversely,”  and  con'icus,  ‘-conical.”] 
Having  the  appearance  of  a reversed 
cone ; inversely  conical,  as  a c nical  fruit 
whose  smaller  end  is  next  to  the  stem. 

©3)»cor'flate.  [Otocorda'tMS ; from 

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ob,  "inversely,”  and  corda'tus,  “heart- 
shaped.”]  Heart-shaped  inverted,  as  a 
cordate  leaf  which  is  broad  and  concave 
at  the  apex  and  tapers  towards  the  base. 

Ob-cor-tll-for'tiBts.*  [From  ob , “ in- 
versely,” and  cor , cor'dis,  the  “heart.”] 
Having  the  form  of  a heart  reversed: 
obcor'diform. 

©b-dor-mltioit.  [Obilormi'tio, 

o 'nis;  from  ob,  “inversely,”  and  dor’ - 
mio , dormi'tum , to  “ sleep.”]  The  state 
of  being  asleep ; also,  what  is  meant  by 
sleep  applied  to  the  limbs. 

O-bes'i-ty.  [Obes'itas,  st'tis  ; from 
obe’sus,  “fat.”]  Fatness,  or  grossness, 
of  the  body  generally. 

©b-fiis-ca'tion.  [Obfwsca'tao, 
o' nis;  from  obfus'co , obfusca'tum , to 
“make  dark.”]  The  act  of  darkening, 
or  rendering  obscure;  the  state  of  being 
obscure.  Applied  to  the  sight. 

©b-jec'tive.  [Object!' vas;  from 
obji'cio,  objec’tum,  to  “ put  in  the  way,” 
as  an  object  which  we  see  or  feel.]  Ap- 
plied to  things  which  are  the  objects  of 
the  external  senses  in  contradistinction 
to  subjective , that  is,  belonging  to,  or 
arising  from,  our  own  minds,  independ- 
ently of  external  objects.  See  Subject- 
ive. 

©b-Ian'ce-o-3ate.  Inversely  lance- 
olate, as  a lance-shaped  leaf  of  which 
the  base  is  narrower  than  the  apex. 

Oblique,  ob-llk'.  [Obli'quus.] 
Crooked  ; indirect.  Applied  to  muscles, 
stems,  leaves,  etc.  An  oblique  leaf  is 
one  which  is  divided  by  the  midrib  into 
unequal  portions. 

Oh-Ii'qji-as  Ex-ter'sms,-  (“  Ex- 
ternal Oblique  [Muscle].”)  A muscle 
of  the  abdomen,  also  called  descendens, 
which  arises  from  the  eight  lowest  ribs, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  linea  alba  and 
the  pubes. 

©bli'quus  Saa-fe'ri-oiv*  (“Inferior 
Oblique.”)  A muscle  which  arises  from 
the  outer  edge  of  the  orbitar  process  of 
the  upper  jaw-bone,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  sclerotica.  It  is  also  called  breris- 
8imus  oculi , from  being  the  shortest 
muscle  of  the  eye.  This  muscle  and  the 
obliquu8  superior  roll  the  eye,  and  have 
hence  been  named  circnmagentes,  and, 
from  the  expression  they  impart,  amatoni 
(“amatory”). 

Obli  quits  ffn-fer'tms.*  (“Internal 
Oblique.”)  A muscle  situated  within  the 
obliquus  externus , also  called  ascenders,  or 
minor.  It  arises  from  the  spine  of  the 
ilium,  etc.,  and  is  inserted  into  the  carti- 
lage of  the  seventh  rib  and  of  all  the 
364 


false  ribs.  This  muscle  and  the  obliquus 
externus  turn  the  trunk  upon  its  axis. 

©bli 'quits  Stt-pe'ri-or.*  (“  Superior 
Oblique.”)  A muscle  which  arises  from 
the  optic  foramen,  passes  through  the 
ring  of  the  cartilaginous  pulley  which 
is  in  the  margin  of  the  socket,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  sclerotica.  It  is  also 
called  longis8imus  oculi,  from  being  the 
longest  muscle  of  the  eye;  and  trochlea - 
ris,  from  its  passing  through  the  troch- 
lea, or  pulley. 

©b-lit'er-at-e«I.  [Oblitera'tus ; 

from  oblit’ero , obi  iter  a 'turn,  to  “blot  out,” 
or  “ erase.”]  Altered  so  that  the  natural 
condition  has  disappeared. 

©b-lit-e-ra'tion.  [Oblitera'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  alteration 
in  appearance  or  function  of  a part,  by 
which  it  no  longer  serves  its  original 
purpose. 

©b-li'vi-o  In'ers,*  or  ©b-li'vi-um 

In'ers.*  (“  Inert  or  Sluggish  Oblivion.”) 
A term  for  lethargy. 

©b-lon-g-a'tus.*  Prolonged;  some- 
what long. 

©b-lon'£i-fo'Ii-us.*  [From  oblon'- 
gus,  “ob’ong,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  oblong  leaves  or  folioles. 
©bomasuin.  See  Abomasum. 
©b-o'vate.  [Obova'tns;  from  ob, 
“inversely,”  and  o'vum,  an  “egg.”]  In- 
versely ovate,  as  a leaf  of  which  the 
apex  is  broader  than  the  base. 

©b-o-vat-i-fo'li-ns.*  [From  ob,  “ in- 
versely,” ova'tus , “ ovate,”  and  fo'lium,  a 
“ leaf.”]  Having  obovate  leaves  : obo- 
vatifo'lious. 

©b-o'voicl.  [Obovoi'des;  from.oJ, 
“inversely,”  o’vum,  an  “egg,”  and  eicoi , 
a “form.”]  Resembling  an  egg  of 
which  the  small  end  is  turned  down- 
wards. 

©b-sid'I-an.  [Obsidian  um.]  A 

volcanic  substance,  or  species  of  lava, 
resembling  green  bottle-glass.  It  was 
discovered  by  Obsid'ius  in  Ethiopia. 

<&b-so-les'?ence.  [Obsolescent 'tia ; 
from  ob  sole  s'  co,  to  “grow  out  of  use.”] 
The  state  of  ceasing  to  grow,  and  under- 
going no  further  change. 

©b'so-lete.  [Obsole'tus ; from  ob- 
so'leo,  obsole'tum , to  “ grow  out  of  use, 
or  out  of  fashion.”]  Applied  in  Natural 
History  to  that  which  is  indistinct,  or  is 
imrerfectly  developed,  as  if  it  were 
fading  away. 

Ob-stet'rle.  [Obstet'ricns : from 
ob'stetrix,  a “midwife.”]  Belonging  to 
midwifery. 

Obstetrician,  ob-stet  risli'un.  [Ob- 


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stetri'cius;  from  ob'stetrk r,  a “ mid- 
wife.”] Belonging  to  an  obstetrix. 

©b-stet-ri'cius  Med'l-cus.*  (“  Ob- 
stetrical Physician.”)  An  accoucheur, 
or  man-midwife. 

Obstet  rics.  [Obstet'rica,  Obstet- 
ri'ciiim;  from  ob'stetrix,  a “midwife.”] 
The  art  of  assisting  women  in  child- 
birth, and  of  treating  their  diseases 
during  pregnancy  and  after  delivery  : 
midwif  'ery. 

Ob'ste-trix,  iris*  [From  ob'sto,  to 
“stand  in  the  way,”  to  “stand  near:” 
because  she  watches  by  the  side  of  the 
woman  in  labor.]  A midwife. 

Ob-sti*pa'tion.  [Obstipa'tio, 

©'hi*/  from  oh,  “against,”  and  sti'po, 
stipa'tnm,  to  “ stuff,”  or  “ cram.”]  Ob- 
stinate costiveness,  there  being  no  relief 
by  evacuation ; distinguished  from  con- 
stipation. A genus  of  the  order  Epis- 
che8€8 , class  Locales , of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Ob'stru-ent.  [Ob'struens;  from 
ob'struo , to  “ stop  up,”  or  “ shut  up.”] 
Shutting  or  closing  up. 

©b-su-tu-ra'lis.*  [From  oh,  “in- 
veri&ly,”  and  sutu'ra , a “ suture.”]  An 
epithet  given  to  the  placentarium,  when 
applied  against,  or  opposed  to,  the  su- 
ture ; to  8epta  when  their  border  is 
empty. 

©b-tec'tus.*  [From  ob'tego , obtec'- 
tam,  to  “cover.”]  Applied  to  a chrysalis , 
in  which  all  the  parts  of  the  insect  are 
perfectly  indicated  on  the  outside,  and 
delineated  by  compartments  of  the  horny 
case,  as  in  the  Lepidoptera. 

Obdim'dent.  [Obtun'dcns;  from 
obtun'do,  to  “make  blunt.”]  Having 
power  to  dull,  or  overcome,  irritation. 

©b-tu-ra'tor,  o'r is.®  [From  obtu'ro, 
obtura'tum,  to  “ stop  up.”]  A stopper-up 
of  any  cavity.  Applied  to  two  muscles 
and  a nerve  of  the  thigh. 

©bt lira' tor  Ex-ter'mis.*  A mus- 
cle which  arises  from  the  obturator  fora- 
men, etc.,  and  is  inserted  into  the  root 
of  the  trochanter  major.  It  rotates  the 
thigh  outwards. 

©btura'tor  In-ter'niis.*  A muscle 
formerly  called  marsupialis , or  bursalis. 
Its  origin  and  insertion  are  nearly  the 
same  as  those  of  the  obturator  externus. 

©btura'tor  Nerve,  A nerve  which 
comes  principally  from  the  second  and 
third  lumbar  nerves,  and  descends  into 
the  pelvis. 

©b-tur-bi-na'tus.*  [From  ob,  “in- 
versely,” and  tur'bo,  tur'binis,  a “top.”] 
Having  the  form  of  a top  reversed. 

24 


©b-tu-sa'tus.*  [From  obtun'do , 
tu'sum,  to  “blunt,”  or  “make  dull.”] 
Applied  to  leaves  the  summits  of  which 
are  blunt,  or  obtuse. 

©b-tuse'.  [Obtu'sus;  from  the 
same.]  Blunt.  A leaf  is  termed  obtuse 
when  its  apex  is  an  obtuse  angle,  or  is 
rounded. 

Ob-tu-sif'i-<lus.*  [From  obtun'do , 
to  “ make  blunt,  or  obtuse,”  and  jin' do , 
to  “ cleave.”]  Cleft  into  obtuse  seg- 
ments. 

Ob-tu-si-f‘o'li-us.*  [From  obtu'sus , 
“ blunt,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
obtuse  leaves : obtusifo'lious. 

©b-tu-sil'o-bus.*  [From  obtu'sus, 
“ dull,”  or  “ blunt,”  and  lo' bus,  a “ lobe.”] 
Having  leaves  divided  into  round  or 
obtuse  lobes : obtusil'obous. 

Obverse.  [©bver'siuii ; from  ob, 
“ against,”  “ in  the  way,”  hence,  “ ob- 
vious,” and  ver'to , ver'sum,  to  “ turn.”] 
Literally,  the  “ obvious  side.”  Applied  in 
Numismatics  to  the  side  of  a coin  which 
contains  the  head,  or  principal  figure. 

©b'vo-Bute.  [Obvolu'tus;  from 
obvol'vo,  obcolu'tum,  to  “ wrap  about.”] 
Enrolled  one  within  another. 

©c'ci-dent.  [©e'eidens;  from  oc'- 
cido,  to  “fall  down,”  to  “set.”]  Going 
down  ; declining,  or  setting. 

©c'ci-dent.  [©c'ei«lens;  from  tho 
same.]  Literally,  the  “ setting.”  The 
west,  or  place  of  sunset. 

©e-ei-den'tal.  [Occidenta'lis; 
from  the  same.]  Belonging  to  the  west; 
western. 

©c-cip'I-tal.  [©ccipita'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  occiput. 

0»ceip'it©»Fr©n-ta'lis.*  [From  oc'- 
ciput , an Afrons,fron'tis,  the  “forehead.”] 
The  name  of  a muscle  which  arises  from 
the  transverse  ridge  of  the  occipital  bone, 
passes  over  the  upper  part  of  the  cra- 
nium, and  is  inserted  into  the  orbicularis 
palpebrarum  and  the  skin  under  the  eye- 
brows. 

©c'^-put,*  gen.  ©e-eip'I-tis,  [From 

ob,  “ against,”  or  “ opposite,”  and  ea'put, 
the  “head.”]  The  back  part  of  the 
head. 

©e-eluse\  [Occlu'sus;  from  oc- 

clu'do,  occlu' sum , to  “ shut  up  ;”  from  oh, 
“against,”  and  clan' do,  to  “close.”]  En- 
closed ; shut  up. 

©c-clu'slon,  [©eelu'sao,  o'nis  / 
from  the  same.]  A closing  or  shutting 
up;  imperforation. 

©c-eult'.  [From  occul'tus,  “hidden.”] 
Hidden,  as  applied  to  diseases  the 
causes  and  treatment  of  which  are  not 
365 


occ 


ocu 


under  .stood,  or  to  qualities  of  bodies 
which  do  not  admit  of  any  rational  ex- 
planation. 

Oc-cul-ta'tion.  [Occulta'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  occul'to , occulta' t uni,  to  “ hide/’] 
The  eclipse  of  a star  or  planet  by  the  in- 
tervening passage  of  the  moon  or  another 
planet. 

Oceanic,  o-she-an'ik.  [Ocean  iciis; 
from  oce'anus,  the  “ ocean/']  Living  or 
growing  in  the  ocean ; pertaining  to  the 
ocean. 

O-cel'late.  [Ocella'tus;  from  oceV - 
lus,  a “ little  eye."]  Marked  by  spots 
resembling  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 

O-cel-lif 'er-us.*  [F  rom  oceVlus,  a 
“ little  eye,"  and /Wo,  to  “ bear."]  Bear- 
ing spots  resembling  eyes  : ocellif 'erous. 

O- cel 'lus.*  [Diminutive  of  oc'ulus , 
an  “eye."]  Applied  to  rounded  spots 
of  which  the  centre  is  of  a different  color 
from  the  circumference,  giving  some  re- 
semblance to  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 

Oe3i-le'sis.*  [Gr.  ox from  d\;Xsa>, 
to  “disturb  by  a mob,  or  crowd."]  A 
general  condition  of  disease  produced  by 
a vast  number  of  sick  persons  under  one 
roof. 

OcJmaceae,*  ok-na'she-e.  [From 
Och'na,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants  (trees  or 
shrubs),  found  in  tropical  India,  Africa, 
and  America. 

©cli-o-pet'a-lus.*  [From  oxoq,  “ca- 
pacious," and  TrtraXov,  a “ petal."]  Hav- 
ing broad  and  ample  petals. 

Ochre,  o'ker.  [O'chra;  from  d)xp6<;, 
“pale,"  or  “sallow."]  An  argillaceous 
earth,  impregnated  with  iron,  of  a red 
or  yellow  color. 

O'chre-a.*  Literally,  a “boot."  A 
union  of  stipules  around  the  stem  of 
some  plants. 

O'chre-ate.  [From  o'chrca , a “ boot."] 
Having  tubular  stipules,  or  ochrese,  as 
some  leaves. 

O-chrop'y-ra.*  [From  wypi 5$,  “pale," 
or  “ sallow,"  and  nvp,  “fever."]  A name 
sometimes  applied  to  the  yellow  fever. 

Oc'ta-g'on.  [Octago ' mun ; from 
d*cra 5,  “ eight,"  and  yojvia,  an  “ angle."] 
A plane  figure  having  eight  angles  and 
sides. 

Oc-tas-'o-nal.  [Octag-o'mis.]  Be- 
longing to  an  octagon,  or  having  eight 
angles  or  sides. 

Oc-ta-he'dral.  [Octatie'drus.]  Be- 
longing to  an  octahedron,  or  having 
eight  sides. 

Oc-ta-hed'rl-cus.*  The  same  as 
Octahedral,  which  see. 

360 


©c-ta-lie'dron.  [Octahe'drum ; 

from  dx-T-ji,  “ eight,"  and  eopa,  a “ ba^e."j 
A solid  figure  having  eight  equal  trian  • 
gula.r  faces. 

©c-ta'na.*  [From  oc'to,  “eight."] 
An  erratic  intermittent  fever  which  re- 
turns every  eighth  day. 

©c-tan'drl-a.*  [From  d*ro5,  “eight," 
and  d^r/p,  a “man,"  or  “male."]  The 
eighth  Linnaean  class  of  plants,  including 
those  which  have  eight  stamens  in  each 
flower. 

©c-tan'drous.  [Octan'drius;  from 
oktjj,  “ eight,"  and  dvijp,  a “ man,"  or 
“male."]  Having  eight  stamens:  oc- 
tan'drious. 

Oc-ta'ri-us.*  [From  octa'vus,  the 
“eighth."]  The  eighth  part  of  a gallon, 
or  sixteen  fluidounces;  a pint. 

Oc'to-iM.  [Octof'iduss  from  oc'to, 
“eight,"  and  Jin' do,  to  “cleave."]  Pre- 
senting eight  clefts,  or  incisions,  which 
reach  about  half-way  to  the  midrib. 

©c-tof'o-rus.*  [From  oc'to,  “eight," 
and  fo'ris,  a “ door,"  or  “ opening."] 
Having  eight  holes,  or  openings, 
©ctogynia.  See  Octogynious. 
©c-to-g’yn  i-ous.  [Octogyn  'lus ; 

from  oktco,  “ eight,"  and  yvvfi,  a “ female."] 
Having  eight  pistils. 

Octahedron.  See  Octahedron. 
©c-to-ner'vi-us.*  [From  oc'to , 
“eight,"  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve."]  Hav- 
ing eight  nerves.  Applied  to  plants. 

©c-to-pet'a-loiis.  [Octopet'alus ; 
from  oc'to,  “ eight,"  and  pet’ alum,  a 
“petal."]  Having  eight  petals. 

©c-to-stem'o-nis.*  [From  d<crcu, 
“eight,"  suidiTTfipcov,  a “thread,"  or  “ sta- 
men."] Having  eight  free  stamens. 

©c'u-lar.  [Ocula'ris;  from  oc'ulus , 
the  “ eye."]  Belonging  to  the  eye. 

Oc'ular  Spec'tres.  Imaginary  ob- 
jects floating  before  the  eyes,  and  as- 
suming the  form  of  muscse  volitantes , 
etc. 

©c'u-late.  [Ocula'tus:  from  oc'u- 
lus, the  “ eye."]  Having  spots  like  eyes. 
Having  very  large  eyes. 

©c'u-li,*  gen.  ©c-u-lo'runi,  the 
plural  of  Oculus,  which  see. 

Oc'tili  is  also  the  genitive  singular  of 
Oculus. 

Oc'u-li-form.  [Ocnlifor'niBs;  from 
oc'ulus , the  “eye."]  Having  the  form 
of  an  ejre. 

Oc'u-list.  [From  oc'ulus,  the  “eye."] 
One  skilled  in  diseases  of  the  eye. 

©c'u-lus,*  plural  ©c'u-li.  [From 
6ko;  or  okko;,  the  “eye."]  The  organ  of 
vision.  See  Eye. 


ODA 


ODO 


©d.  [From  o<5dj,  a ‘‘way,”  or  “ pass- 
age.”] A term  proposed  by  Reichen- 
bach  for  the  peculiar  force  or  influence 
produced  on  the  nervous  system  by  all 
magnetic  agents. 

©d-ax-es'inus*  [Gr.  oha^rjopos,  a 
“ sharp  or  acrid  biting”],  also  written 
©daxis'inus.*  A sensation  of  biting, 
or  pricking,  as  that  felt  in  the  gums  pre- 
vious to  cutting  the  teeth.  Also  applied 
to  the  bitten  tongue,  lip,  or  cheek,  which 
occurs  as  a symptom,  and  one  of  the 
most  pathognomonic  character,  of  the 
epileptic  seizure. 

©-dax-ei'I-cus.*  Belonging  to  odax- 
esmus : odaxet'ic. 

©daxismos.  See  Odaxesmus. 
-©'des.  [Gr.  -oj6t]s  • from  eiio;,  a “ form,” 
or  “ resemblance.”]  A terminal  similar 
to  -old,  or  - oides , properly  signifying  re- 
semblance; but  sometimes  denoting  yW- 
ness,  much , etc. 

©'die.  [©d'ieus.]  Pertaining  to  Od, 
which  see. 

O-don'ta-g'ra.*  [From  diovg,  ddovro;, 
a “ tooth,”  and  aypa , a “ seizure.”]  Tooth- 
ache arising  from  gout  or  rheumatism. 
Also,  a kind  of  forceps,  or  pincers,  for 
extracting  teeth. 

©d-on-tal'gi-a.  [From  ohovg,  dSovrog,  a 
“ tooth,”  andoAyof,  “pain.”]  Odontalgy. 
Violent  pain  in  a tooth,  usually  from 
caries,  by  which  the  nerve  is  exposed  to 
the  cold  air,  etc. ; toothache.  A genus 
of  the  order  Phlegmasire,  class  Pyrexise, 
of  Cullen's  Nosology. 

©d-on-iargie.  [©dontal'gicns.] 
Belonging  to  odontalgia,  or  toothache. 

©dontia,*  o-don'she-a,  or  o-don'te-a. 
[From  ofovg,  a “ tooth.”]  A generic  term 
employed  by  Dr.  Good,  comprising  all 
morbid  affections  of  the  teeth.  It  is  also 
applied  in  the  same  manner  as  Odon- 
talgia, which  see. 

©-don  tic.  [©don'ticus;  from  dbovg, 
a “tooth.”]  Pertaining  to  the  teeth. 

©-don-tit'i-cus.*  Belonging  to  odon- 
titis. 

©-don-ti'tis,  idis*  [From  oSovg,  a 
" tooth.”]  Inflammation  of  a tooth. 

©-don-to-bo-tfori'tis,  tdis*  [From 
odontoboth'rium .]  Inflammation  of  an 
alveolus,  or  tooth-socket. 

O-doai-f o-botti  ri-uin.5  [From 

tiovg,  a “tooth,”  and  poOp'.ov,  a “little 
hole  or  cavity.”]  The  same  as  Alve- 
dlus,  which  see.  _ 

©-don-to'des.*  [From  dtovg, a “tooth.”] 
Resembling  teeth,  or  full  of  teeth. 

©■d©n4©ge-ny.  [Odontoge'nia ; 
from  olovg,  a “tooth,”  and  ybw,  to  “be 


born,”  to  “ be  produced.”]  That  branch 
of  Physiology  which  treats  of  the  de- 
velopment of  the  teeth. 

©d-on-tojg'ra-pliy.  [©dontogra'- 
pSaia;  from  ocovg,  a “tooth,”  and  ypi'upoj, 
to  “ write.”]  A description,  or  history, 
of  the  teeth. 

©-don'toid.  [©dontoi'dcft;  from 
diovg,  a “ tooth,”  and  eliog,  a “ form.”] 
Resembling  a tooth. 

©d-on-tol'i-tlfios,*  ©d-on-tol'i- 

thus.*  [From  diovg,  a “ tooth,”  and 
\iOog,  a “stone.”]  (Fr.  Tartrc  des  Dents , 
tantii  d&  doNQ.)  The  tartar,  or  stone- 
like incrustation,  on  the  teeth. 

©d-oiB-lo-lo&'i-cal.  [©dontolog'- 

iews.]  Belonging  to  odontology. 

©<l-on-t«l©-gy.  [Odontolo'gia ; 

from  oiovg,  a “tooth,”  and  A oyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A dissertation  on  the  struc- 
ture of  the  teeth;  the  science  of  tLe 
teeth. 

©d-on-to-lox'I-a.*  [From  dhovg,  a 
“ tooth,”  and  Ao(dj,  “ slanting,”  or  “ ob- 
lique.”] Irregularity,  or  obliquity,  of 
the  teeth. 

©d-on-to-ne-cro'sis.*  [From  dSovg, 
a “ tooth,”  and  vexpoo),  to  “ deaden.”] 
Necrosis , or  deadness,  of  the  tooth. 

O-don-to-no-sol'o^y.  [©don  to- 
nosolo'gia;  from  odovg,  a “tooth,”  incog, 
a “ disease,”  and  A oyog,  a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  the  diseases  of  the  teeth  ; 
also,  that  branch  of  medicine  which 
treats  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth. 

©-don-to-pri'sis.*'  [From  dtovg,  a 
“tooth,”  and  irpiag,  a “sawing.”]  Stri- 
dor dentium,  or  grinding  of  the  teeth. 

©d-on-to'sis.*  [From  dbovg, & “ tooth.”] 
The  formation,  growth,  or  development 
of  a tooth. 

©-dnn-to-tlier-a-pi'a.*  [From  obovg, 
a “ tooth,”  and  Oepanda,  “ medical  treat- 
ment.”] The  treatment,  or  care,  of  the 
teeth. 

©-do-ra-mon'ta,*  plural  of  Odora- 
men'tum.  [From  o' dor,  an  “ odor.”]  Odo- 
raments ; substances  employed  in  medi- 
cine on  account  of  their  odor. 

©doramentum.  See  Odoramenta. 

©'do-rate.  [©dora'tws;  from  o' dor, 
“ smell,”  “ fragrance.”]  Scented ; having 
a strong  odor. 

©d-o-ra'ins.*  [From  o'  dor,  “smell,” 
“fragrance.”]  The  sense,  also  the  act, 
of  smelling. 

©-do-rif'er-ant.  The  same  as  Odo- 
riferous, which  see. 

O-do-rif 'er-ows.  [Odor  if  'erans, 

a n'tis,  ©dorif'erus;  from  o' dor,  “fra- 
grance,” “ odor,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “hear,”  tc 
367 


(EC 


OID 


‘‘produce.”]  Having  an  agreeable  odor. 
Producing  or  emitting  odor. 

Okonomia.  See  Economy. 

(Economist  Animalis.  See  Animal 
Economy. 

(Economia  VegetaWlls.  See  Vege- 
table Economy. 

(Ecoiiomieus.  See  Economical. 

(E-cle'ma,  i\tis*  [From  oideco,  to 
“swell.”]  A swelling  from  effusion  of 
serous  fluid  into  the  cellular  substance. 

(Eil-e-mal'ic.  [(Eflemat'icus.] 
Nearly  the  same  as  (Edematous. 

(E-dem-a-to'des.*  [From  cede'ma, 
a “swelling,”  and  e76o;,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling oedema:  oedem'atous. 

(E-dem'a-toid.  [CEdematoi'des; 
from  the  same.]  Resembling  oedema. 

(E-dem'a-tous.  [(Edemato'sns; 
from  oede'ma.]  Pertaining  to  oedema; 
of  the  nature  of  oedema. 

(Eli,  ul  or  ui.  The  French  term  for 
Eye,  which  see. 

(E- nail' til ic.  [(Enan'fBfticras;  from 
olvo;,  “wine,”  and  a;0o;,  a “flower.”] 
Applied  to  a peculiar  liquid,  or  ether, 
held  to  be  the  principle  that  gives  wine 
its  peculiar  aroma,  or  flavor. 

(E-no'des.*  [From  cih’o ;,  “wine.”] 
The  same  as  Vinos  us. 

CE-iio-ina'iii-a.*  [From  oIjo;, 

“wine,”  and  paAa,  “madness.”]  Ex- 
cessive inclination  for  wine  or  intoxi- 
cating liquors.  Also,  wine-madness,  or 
mania  a potu  resulting  from  the  excess- 
ive use  of  wine. 

[From  oesoph'- 
arjus,  and  a \yo;,  “pain.”]  Pain  of  the 
oesophagus : oesophagalgy. 

(E-sopli-a-&e'a3,  or  es-o-fa/je-al. 
[<CEso2>3ias’ae'ws.J  Belonging  to  the 
oesophagus. 

CE>it>2»liag,e'al  Cords.  Two  elon- 
gated cords,  formed  of  the  pneumogas- 
tric  nerves,  which  descend  along  the 
oesophagus. 

CE-soph  a-g,is'mns.$  [From  cesopli'- 
agus.]  Used  by  some  writers  in  the 
same  manner  as  oesophagitis  ; by  others, 
as  dysphagia;  by  Vogel,  for  oesophago- 
8pa8inu8.  Difficulty  in  swallowing,  from 
spasmodic  stricture  of  the  oesophagus. 

<2E-sop!ihi-&i'tis,i^*.*  [From  <rsnphf- 
agusj\  Inflammation  of  the  oesophagus. 

(E-sopfi-a-g-o-dyn'i-a.^  [From 
ce8gphr agus,  and  odv’ri,  “pain.”]  Pain 
(spasmodic)  of  the  oesophagus. 

(E-soph’^-gor-rha'^l-a.^  [From 
oesoph' agus,  and  injymifn,  to  “ burst  forth.”] 
Haemorrhage  from  the  oesophagus. 

<E-«opti ’ a-gjo-spas  irnis.^  [From 
3CS 


cesopV agios,  and  8pas,mu8f  a “ contrac- 
tion.”] Cramp,  or  spasm,  of  the  oesoph- 
agus. See  (Esophagismus. 

(E-sojdi-a-g-os-te-no'ma,  afis.* 
[From  oesoph’agus,  and  ortVtojut,  a “nar- 
row place.”]  Constriction  of  the  oesoph- 
agus. 

CE-sopEa-sv-go-st  e-no'sis.*  The 

formation  or  progress  of  cesophaqoste- 
noma. 

(E-sopHi-a-got'o-my-  [CEsopSia- 

gofo'mia;  from  cesopjh’agus,  and  ri^ycj, 
to  “cut.”]  The  operation  of  cutting 
into  the  oesophagus. 

CE-sopti'a-g-us.^  [From  oha>  (the 
future  of  otcj,  another  form  for  0lp<y),  to 
“bear,”  to  “carry,”  and  Qdynna,  “food” 
(from  to  “eat”).]  Literally,  “that 
which  carries  or  conveys  the  food.”  The 
membranous  and  muscular  tube  con- 
tinued from  the  pharynx  to  the  cardiac 
orifice  of  the  stomach. 

CEs'tru-a!.  [(Estrualis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  oestrum,  or  orgasm.  Ap- 
plied to  the  period  during  which  concep- 
tion takes  place  in  the  Mammalia,  anal- 
ogous to  the  menstrual  period  of  the 
human  female. 

(Es-tru-a/tion.  [(Estnui'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  ces'trumj]  The  state  of  being  under 
influence  of  the  oestrum , or  orgasm ; 
rutting. 

(Es'trum,*  or  (Es'trus.5  [From 
olarpos,  the  “gad-fly;”  hence  applied  to 
the  sting  of  passion.]  Intense  desire, 
or  passionate  impulse;  usually  applied 
to  the  orgasm,  or  pleasurable  sensation, 
experienced  during  the  indulgence  of 
the  appetites  or  passions,  particularly 
of  the  sexual  passion,  termed  more  dis- 
tinctively c es'trum  vene'reum , or  oes'trum 
Ven'eris. 

(E:zf,  uf.  The  French  word  for  “egg.” 

See  Ovum. 

gen.  Of-fi-^i'na'.  A 

shop  where  goods  are  sold.  In  medical 
language,  an  apothecary  shop. 

gen.  Of-fl-^a-na'runi, 

the  plural  of  Officina,  a “shop.”  It 
occurs  in  n ames  like  the  following : Cam- 
phora  officina  rum  (literally,  the  “camphor 
of  the  shops,”  or  officinal  camphor),  Sac- 
charum  ojffcinarum  (the  “sugar  of  the 
shops”),  etc. 

Of-fi^'I-nal.  [Ollk’iiia'lis ; from 
offici'na , a “shop  where  goods  arc  sold.”] 
Applied  to  such  medicines  as  are  directed 
by  the  colleges  to  be  prepared  or  kept 
in  the  shops. 

-Oid,  or  -I'deft.  [From  ci^oq,  a 
“ form,"  or  “ resemblance."]  A terminal 


OIL 


OLE 


denoting  resemblance  to  an  object  indi- 
cated by  the  word  to  which  it  is  joined  ; 
as,  Al' haloid,  or  Alkaloi'des,  “resem- 
bling an  alkali  Cri'coid,  or  Cricoi'des 
[from  kp'ikos,  a “ring,”  or  “circle”],  “re- 
sembling a ring  or  circle,”  “ in  the  form 
of  a ring,”  etc. 

Oil.  [Lat.  Oleum;  Fr.  Huile,  w£h] 
A term  applied  to  various  unctuous  sub- 
stances, obtained  mostly  from  animals 
and  vegetables.  They  are  divided  into 
two  classes,  fixed  oils  and  volatile  oils, 
the  former  of  which  give  n permanently 
greasy  stain  to  paper. 

Oil  of  Tur'pcn-tine.  [O'lenm 
Terehin'thiiue.]  The  oil  obtained 
by  distillation  from  the  liquid  resin  of 
the  Pi'nns  sylves'tris. 

Oil  of  Vlt'rl-ol.  A name  for  sul- 
phuric acid. 

Oil,  Hock.  A name  for  Petroleum, 
which  see. 

Oils,  Fixed.  [Lat.  O'flea  Fix'a; 

Fr.  Huile 8 Fixes , wel  f&ks.]  A general 
term  for  oils  which  are  not  volatile ; but 
commonly  applied  to  vegetable  oils  of 
this  description. 

Oils,  Vol'a-tfle.  [Lat.  O'lea  Vola- 
til'ia,  or  O'lea  Des&illa'ta ; Fr. 

Huiles  Volatiles,  wel  voMa't^l'.]  Oils 
found  in  aromatic  vegetables,  from 
which  they  are  usually  obtained  by  dis- 
tillation. Hence  they  are  termed  “ dis- 
tilled oils”  (olea  destillata),  and  some- 
times “ essential  oils,”  because  they 
constitute  the  essence  of  the  plant.  See 
Olea. 

Ointment.  See  Unguentum. 

O-I-o-ca-lym'ma,  a 'tis,®  or  G-2-o- 
' t r u in . * [From  ci'-ov,  an  “ egg,” 
and  KaXvppa,  or  KaXv-Krpa,  a “ covering.”] 
The  cortical  membrane,  or  outer  cover- 
ing of  an  egg. 

03.  = O'lenm * “ Oil.” 

©lacaeese,*  ol-a-ka'she-e.  [From 
O'lax,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  tropical,  or  nearly  tro- 
pical, trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  the 
East  Indies,  Australia,  and  Africa. 

G'le-a.*  [Gr.  e\aia,  or  e\aa.]  An 
olive,  or  the  olive-tree.  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Monandria,  natural 
order  Oleacese. 

O'Se-a,*  €>-le-o'rum,*  the  plural  of 
Oleum,  which  see. 

O'lea  En-ro-pae'a.*  (“European 
Olive.”)  The  systematic  name  of  the 
}live-plant;  also  called  Olea  sativet. 

O'lea  Fix'a.*  The  Latin  term  for 
* Fixed  Oils.”  See  Oils,  Fixed. 

O'lea  Vol-a-til'i-a.*  The  Latin 

32  ' ’ 


term  for  “Volatile,  or  Distilled,  Oils” 
See  Oils,  Volatile. 

Oleacese,*  o-le-a'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
found  chiefly  in  temperate  climates.  It 
includes  the  Ash  ( Frax'inns ),  Lilac 
( Syrin'ga ),  and  Olive  {O'lea),  from  the 
fruit  of  which  olive  oil  is  procured. 

O-le-a'ceous.  [Olea'cens.]  Ptc- 
sembling  the  Olea,  or  olive-tree. 

O-le-ag'i-nous.  [01eagino'siz& ; 
from  o’lenm,  “oil.”]  Oily;  unctuous. 

O'le-ate.  [O'leas,  a'#?«.]  A com- 
bination of  oleic  acid  with  a base. 

O-le-cran-ar-tliri'tis,  i dis*  [From 
olecra'non,  an  “elbow-joint,”  and  ar- 
thri'tis,  “ inflammation  of  a joint.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  elbow-joint. 

O-le-cran-ar-tliroc'a-ce.*  [From 
olecra'non , an  “*elbow-joint,”  and  ar- 
throc'ace,  “ ulceration  of  the  cavity  of  a 
bone.”]  Ulceration  of  the  elbow-joint. 

O-lec-ra'non,*  or  o-lek'ra-non. 
[From  the  “ulna,”  and  span  or,  the 

“head.”]  The  humeral  extremity  of  the 
ulna,  on  which  we  lean  when  resting  on 
the  elbow  ; also,  the  elbow  itself. 

O-lef'i-ant  or  O'le-fi-ant  Gas. 
[From  o'lenm,  “oil,”  and  fi'o,  to  “be- 
come.”] The  hydruret  of  carbon,  or 
heavy  carburetted  hydrogen  gas ; so 
named  because,  when  mixed  with  chlo- 
rine, it  forms  a peculiar,  oily-looking 
compound. 

O-le'ic.  [Ole'icns ; from  olci'na .] 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  olein. 

O-le-if 'er-©ns.  [Oleiff'erns : from 
o'lenm , “oil,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  producing  oil. 

O-le-i-ge'ni-um.*  [From  o'lenm, 
“oil,”  and  ytvvaw,  to  “produce.”]  Ap- 
plied to  olefiant  gas. 

O'ledu,  or  O'le-Ene.  [Olci'na; 
from  o'lenm,  “oil.”]  A simple  oil  enter- 
ing into  the  constitution  of  the  various 
fats  and  oils. 

O-le-in'e-ous.  [Olei'neus.]  Sy- 
nonymous with  Oleaceous. 

O le-o-res'in,  or  O'le-o-Res'in. 
[Oleoresi'na.]  A term  for  the  native 
combinations  of  resins  with  essential 
oils,  forming  various  balsamic  and  tere- 
binthinate  substances. — (Mayne.)  The 
term  is  applied  in  the  LT.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia (1860)  to  those  fluid  extracts 
(consisting  mainly  of  volatile  oil  and 
resin)  which  are  prepared  by  using  ether 
as  the  menstruum. 

Oleoresina,  plural  Oleoresinae. 

See  Oleoresin. 

O-le-o-sac'elia-rum.*  [From  o'le- 
369 


OLE 


OLE 


Urn,  "oil,”  and  sac'charum , "sugar.”] 
A medicine  composed  of  essential  oil 
and  sugar,  mixed  with  each  other  to 
render  the  oil  more  easily  diffusible  in 
watery  liquors. 

©1-e-rii'ceous.  [Olera/ceus ; from 
o'lus,  oVeria , a " pot-herb.”]  Of  the  na- 
ture of  pot-herbs ; esculent. 

O'le-uni,*  plural  O'le-a,.  [From 
O' lea,  the  "olive.”]  (Gr.  'iXaioj  • Fr. 
Haile,  w&l.)  A fat,  unctuous,  combusti- 
ble matter,  solid  or  fluid,  not  soluble  in 
water,  and  volatile  in  various  degrees: 
oil. 

Oleum  A-myg'da-lse.*  ("Oil  of 
Almond.”)  See  Oleum  Amygdalae 
Dulcis. 

Oleum  Amygdalae  A-ma'rse.* 

("Oil  of  Bitter  Almond.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  oil 
obtained  by  distilling  with  water  the 
kernels  of  the  fruit  of  the  Amygdalus 
communis,  variety  amara. 

O'leum  Amyg  dalae  Dul'cis,*  or 
O'leum  A myg'dal;e.::  ("Oil  of 

Sweet  Aim  >n  l,”  or  "Oil  of  Almond.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.) 
for  the  fixed  oil  obtained  from  the  ker- 
nels of  thj  fruit  of  the  Amygdalus  com- 
munis, variety  dulcis. 

Oleum  Ber-ga'mi-i.*  ("  Oil  of 
Bergamot.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  volatile  oil  of  the  rind 
of  the  fruit  of  Citrus  limetta. 

O'leum  Bn'bu-lum.*  Neat’s-foot 
oil.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  oil  prepared  from  the  bones 
of  the  Bos  domesticns. 

Oleum  Cajuputi.  See  Cajuputi, 
Oleum. 

O'leum  Cam'plio-rae.*  ("Oil  of 
Camphor.”)  The  name  given  to  the 
volatile  oil  obtained  from  Cam'phora  ojft 
cina'rum.  It  has  been  placed  on  the 
primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of 
the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1SG0. 

O'leum  Uam-plio-ra'tum.:i:  The 
Linimen'  tu  n cam’ phone. 

O'leum  Cin-na-mu'mi.^  ("Oil  of 
Cinnamon,”  or  "Oil  of  Ceylon  Cinna- 
mon.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
||  for  the  volatile  oil  obtained  from  the 
bark  of  the  Cinnamo' mum  Zeylan' ream. 

Oleum  Crotonis.  See  Oleum  Tiglii. 

O'leum  Jec'oris  A-sel'li.*  A name 
for  cod-liver  oil.  See  Oleum  Morrhua?. 

O'leum  Li-mo'niM.*  ("Oil  of 
Lemon.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
||  for  the  volatilo  oil  which  is  obtained 
from  the  rind  of  the  fruit  of  the  Citrus 
Limonum. 

370 


O'leum  Iu'ni.*  ("Oil  of  Flax.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  fixed 
oil  obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Linum 
usitatissimum ; linseed  oil. 

O'leum  Mor'rhu-se.*  ("Oil  of  the 
[Gadus]  Morrhua ;”  Fr.  Huile  de  Ho- 
rne, wel  deh  mo'rii'.)  Cod-liver  oil. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the 
fixed  oil  which  is  obtained  from  the  liver 
of  the  Gadus  Morrhua.  Cod-liver  oil  is 
esteemed  one  of  the  most  valuable  reme- 
dies in  the  Materia  Medica.  It  has  been 
found  especially  useful  in  chronic  rheu- 
matism and  gout,  and  in  the  various 
diseases  connected  with  a scrofulous 
diathesis,  including  scrofulous  affections 
of  the  joints,  Tabes  mesenterica , rickets, 
phthisis,  etc. 

O'leum  My-ris'ti-cae.*  ("Oil  of 
Nutmeg.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  volatile  oil  of  the 
kernels  of  the  fruit  of  J fyristica  mos- 
chata;  (Ed.  Ph.)  Myristicse  oleum;  oil 
of  nutmegs. 

O'leum  O-li'vse.*  ("  Oil  of  Olive,” 
or  " Olive  Oil.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  ||  for  the  fixed  oil  obtained  from 
the  fruit  of  O'  lea  Europse'a. 

O'leum  Ri$'i-ni.*  ("Oil  of  Rici- 
nus,”  or  Castor  Oil;  Fr.  Huile  de  Ricin , 
w&l  deh  r<PsaN<>'.)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  oil  of  the  seeds 
of  the  Ricinus  communis;  (Lond.  Ph.) 
Ricini  oleum.  See  Castor  Oil. 

O'leum  Ro'sae.*  ("Oil  of  Rose.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.) 
for  the  volatile  oil  of  the  petals  of  Rosa 
centifolia;  (Ed.  Ph.)  Rosse  oleum. 

O'leum  Ses'a-mi.*  ("Oil  of  Se- 
same.”) Benue  Oil.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  oil  of  the 
seeds  of  Ses'amum  In'dicum,  and  of  Ses'a- 
mum  orienta* le. 

O'leum  Suc'ci-ui.*  ("Oil  of  Am- 
ber.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  volatile  oil  obtained  by  the 
destructive  distillation  of  amber. 

O'leum  T£r-e-biii'thi-nav:;:  ("Oil 
of  Turpentine.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  ||  for  the  volatile  oil  distilled  from 
the  turpentine  of  Pinus  palustris , and 
other  species  of  Pinus;  the  Tereb in thinx 
oleum  of  the  London  and  Edinburgh 
Pharmacopoeias. 

O'leum  TSr'rav*  ("  Oil  of  Earth.”) 
A name  for  Petroleum,  which  see. 

O leum  Tlie-o-bro'mav*  {“  Oil  of 

Theobroma.”  or  Butter  of  Cacao.)  The 
name  applied  to  the  concrete  oil  of  the 
kernels  of  the  fruit  of  tl  c Theobroma 
cacao.  It  has  been  placed  on  the  pri- 


OLE 


OME 


mary  list  of  the  Materia  Mcdica  of  the 
U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1860. 

Oleum  Thy 'mi.*  (“  Oil  of  Thyme.”) 
The  name  given  to  the  volatile  oil  ob- 
tained from  the  Thy’mus  vulga'ris.  It 
has  been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860. 

Oleum  Tig'Ii-i.*  (“Oil  of  Tig- 
lium.”)  Croton  Oil.  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  oil  of  the  seeds 
of  Croton  tiglium.  The  O'leum  Croto'nia 
of  the  British  Pharmacopoeia. 

Ol-fac'tion.  [Olfac'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  olfa’cio,  olfac’tum,  to  “ smell.”] 
The  exercise  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

©I-fac'to-ry.  [Olfaeto  r jus ; from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  the  organ  or 
sense  of  smell. 

©Ifac'tory  Serves.  The  first  pair 
of  nerves  distributed  on  the  pituitary  or 
Schneiderian  membrane  of  the  nose. 

©1-fac'tus.*  [From  olfci'cio,  olfac'- 
tum, to  “smell.”]  The  sense  of  smell,  or 
act  of  smelling. 

0- lib'A-num.*  [From  oXSaro;,  the 
“ frankincense-tree.”]  Frankincense, 
believed  to  come  from  the  Boswellia  ser- 
rata. 

©1-i-ga-caii'tlius.*  [From  dXi'yoj, 
“few,”  and  axayOa,  a ‘‘  thorn.”]  Having 
few  thorns  or  spines. 

©I-i-gse'mi-a.*  [From  oXtyo-,  “lit- 
tle,” and  alfia,  the  “blood.”]  Poverty 
of  the  blood. 

©1-a-gau '(Irons.  [From  oYiyog,  “ few,” 
and  uvrip,  a “man,”  or  “male.”]  Having 
few  stamens. 

01- i-gan'ttius.*  [From  dXtyo;,  “few,” 
and  bOo;,  a “flower.”]  Having  but  a 
small  number  of  flowers. 

flM-go-car'jms.*  [From  oXyo;, 
/Hew,”  and  Kapnsg,  “fruit.”]  Having  few 
seeds  or  fruits. 

©1-i-go-etoo'li-a.*  [From  oXfyoj, 
“few,”  or  “little,”  and  xoM,  “bile.”] 
Want  or  deficiency  of  bile. 

©1-i-go-elayTi-a.*  [From  oXtyo;, 
“few,”  or  “little,”  and  ^uXoj,  “chyle.”] 
Want  or  deficiency  of  chyle. 

©1-i-go-etiy'mi-a.*  [From  o\'iyo 
“few,”  or  “little,”  and  x^g,  “juice.”] 
Want  or  deficiency  of  chyme. 

©1-i-go-ga-lac'ti-a.*  [From  oXiyoj, 
“few,”  or  “little,”  and  yn\a,  “milk.”] 
Want  or  deficiency  of  milk.  See  Aga- 
lactia. 

©1-i-go-pliyl'lous.  [Oligopliyl'- 
lns;  from  oXtyo;,  “few,”  or  “small,”  and 
(fjvWiv,  a “leaf.”]  Having  few  leaves,  or 
those  distant  from  each  other. 


©1-i-go-sper-mat'i-cus.*  Belong- 
ing to  oligospermia. 

Ol-i-go-sper'mi-a.*  [From  dXyog. 
“little,”  and  oirtppa,  “ seed.”]  Want  oi 
deficiency  of  semert 

©1-i-go-sper  luous.  [Oligosper'- 
mus;  from  the  same.]  Having  few 
seeds;  also,  deficient  in  semen. 

O-li'va.*  [From  O’ lea,  the  “olive.”] 
The  olive-tree ; also,  the  olive.  See 
Olea. 

Olivseformis.  See  Oliviformis. 

Olivaris.  See  Olivary. 

Oli-va-ry.  [Olivaris;  from  the 
same.]  Olive-sliaped;  like  an  olive. 

Olive.  See  Olea,  and  Oliva. 

Ol'ive  Oil.  A fixed  oil  expressed 
from  the  ripe  fruit  of  the  Olea  Europsea. 

Ol'ive,  Spurge.  Ihe  Daphne  meze- 
reon  or  mezereum. 

Ol  ive-Tree.  The  Olea  Europsea . 

0- liv-i-forinis.*  [From  oli’va , an 
“olive.”]  Having  the  form  of  an  olive: 
oliveform. 

Ol.  lini  s.  i.  = O’leum  li'ni  si’ne 
ig’ne*  (Literally,  “linseed  oil  without 
fire.”)  “ Cold-drawn  linseed  oil.” 

01- o-plilyc'tis.*  [From  oXoj,  “ whole,” 
and  (pXv^u >,  to  “boil.”]  A small  hot 
eruption  covering  the  whole  body. 

©-lop 'ter- us.*  [From  dX<k,  “entire,” 
and  nrepor,  a “wing.”]  Having  entire 
wings. 

Om'a-gra.*  [From  the  “ shoul- 
der,” and  aypa,  a “seizure.”]  Gout  in 
the  shoulder;  pain  of  the  shoulder. 

Om-ar-thri'tis,id?«.*  [Fromco/tos,  the 
“shoulder,”  and  arihri'tis , “inflamma- 
tion of  a joint.”]  Inflammation  of  a 
shoulder-joint. 

O-ma'sum.*  The  third  and  small- 
est stomach  of  the  Rnminanlia. 

O-men-ta'lis.*  Belonging  to  the 
omentum:  omenial. 

O-meai-ti'tis,  i clis.%  [From  omen’ turn, 
the  “caul.”]  Inflammation  of  the  omen- 
tum ; epiploitis. 

O-meai'to-^ele.*  [From  omen’ turn, 
the  “caul,”  and  *t?Xj},  a “tumor.”]  The 
same  as  Epiplocele. 

O-men'tu-lum.*  [Diminutive  of 
omen' turn,  a “caul.”]  The  Omentum 
Minus,  which  see. 

O-men'tum.*  [Perhaps  from  o’men , 
a “ sign,”  or  “ omen ;”  because  the  an- 
cient soothsayers  consulted  it  in  order 
to  form  their  prognostications.]  A du- 
plicature  of  the  peritonaeum,  with  more 
or  less  fat  interposed;  called  also  epip’- 
loon. 

Omentum  Ma'jus.*  (“Greater 

371 


OME 


ONE 


Omentum.”)  This  arises  from  the  whole 
of  the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach, 
or  as  far  as  the  spleen,  descending  Over 
the  intestines  to  the  navel,  and  some- 
times into  the  pelvis. 

Omen'tnm  Mi 'mis.*  (“Smaller 
Omentum.’")  Arising  posteriorly  from  the 
transverse  fissure  of  the  liver,  it  passes 
over  the  duodenum,  small  lobe  of  the 
liver  (lobnhis  Spirjelii),  and  pancreas,  into 
the  colon  and  small  curvature  of  the 
stomach:  also  called  Omentum  hepatieo- 
(j(t.stricum  ( i.c . the  “omentum  connected 
with  the  liver  and  stomach”).  It  is  also 
termed  Omentnlum. 

4>-mi'tis,  id  is.*  [From  Z>pog,  the  “shoul- 
der.”] Inflammation  of  or  in  the  shoul- 
der. 

Omni.  alt.  lios*.  ==  Om’nibus  alter'nis 
ho'ris .*  “Every  other  hour.” 

Omn.  bid.  = Om'ni  bid'uo .*  “Every 
two  days.” 

4>anai.  bill.  = Om'ni biho'rio .*  “Every 
two  hours.” 

Onrm.  Iior.  = Om'ni  ho'rd .*  “Every 
hour.” 

Omn.  man.  = Om'ni  ma'ne*  “Ev- 
ery morning.” 

Oman.  noct.  =;  Om'ni  lioc'te*  “Ev- 
ery night.” 

Oman,  ipiadi*.  Inor.  = Om'ni  quad- 
rnn'te  ho' use*  “Every  quarter  of  an 
hour.” 

Om-niv'o-rmis.  [Oumiv'ofias ; 

from  om'nis,  “all,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “de- 
vour.”] Applied  to  animals  which  take 
all  kinds  of  food. 

Oan'o-Hy-o-i'de-iis.*  [From  c ympog,  the 
“shoulder,”  and  os  hijoi'des , the  “hyoid 
bone.”]  The  name  of  a muscle  which 
arises  from  the  shoulder  and  is  inserted 
into  the  os  hijoides.  It  depresses  that 
bone  and  the  lower  jaw. 

Om-o-plaa'&B-a.*  [From  djpog, 

“crude,”  and  <piiy cj,  to  “eat.”]  The  eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

O-mopli'a-gus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Living  on  raw  food:  omoph'agous. 

Omuplate,  o'mo'p'At'.  [/.e.  “shoul- 
der-plate;” from  co/io;,  the  “shoulder,” 
and  v\' i-v;,  “flat,”  or  “broad.”]  The 
French  term  for  Scapula,  which  sec. 

Om-o-to'ci-a.*  [From  ojp6;,  “ crude,” 
“untimely,”  and  toko;,  a “birth.”]  A 
miscarriage  or  untimely  birth. 

O-mot'o-cus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Bringing  forlh  untimely  offspring;  mis- 
carrying. 

Om'ph^il-el-co'sis.*  [From  tipbaXng, 
the  “navel,”  and  eXv'oyig,  “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration  of  the  umbilicus. 

372 


Om-pltal'ic.  [Ompbal'icus;  from 
op'baXog,  the  “ navel.”]  Belonging  to  the 
umbilicus,  or  navel. 

Oan-plia-li'tis,  idis*  [From  opbaXog, 
the  “navel.”]  Inflammation  of  the  um- 
bilicus, or  its  vessels. 

Oaii'pBaa-fio-^ele.*  [From  opbaXog, 
the  “navel,”  and  /o?X??,  a “tumor.”]  Pro- 
trusion of  a portion  of  bowel,  or  omen- 
tum, or  both,  at  the  umbilicus;  hernia 
■um b ilica l is;  exomphalos. 

©m'plia-Boid.  [©mpEnaEoa'ctcss 
from  oppaXog,  the  “ navel,”  and  eidog.  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  the  navel. 

Om-jDlaa-Bon'CKS.*  [From  op(paX6g, 
the  “navel,”  and  dy/co;,  a “tumor.”]  A 
hard  tumor  or  swelling  of  the  navel. 

Om-pSua-lor-rBua'g'B-a.*  [From  6p- 
0aX<k,  the  “navel,”  and  puyvvpi , to  “burst 
forth.”]  Haemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus. 

<f^m-pba-l«]r-rbex'is.*  [From  oppaXcg, 
the  “navel,”  and  p rj%tg,  a “breaking.”] 
Rupture  of  the  umbilical  cord. 

Om-pBia-Bor-B*2coe'a.*  [From  op'pa- 
Xog,  the  “navel,”  and  pi cj,  to  “flow.”] 
Applied  to  an  effusion  of  lymph  from  the 
umbilicus. 

Oam-pba-lot'«»-EiEy.  [OB'dpliiaio- 
to'mia;  from  cppaX'g,  the  “navel,”  and 
rip  'w,  to  “ cut.”]  Division  of  the  um- 
bilical cord  from  the  umbilicus. 

(Dnagraceay-  on-a-gra'shc-e,  or  Oia'- 
agra*.::  [From  On'agra , one  of  the 

genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  natives  of  Europe  and  the  temper- 
ate parts  of  America.  It  includes  the 
Fuchsia  and  Epilobium. 

Oaa'ag’rav*  The  Jussieuan  name  of 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Ona- 

GRACEA3. 

O' an  an -ism.  [Oiaaiiis'imis;  from 

O' nan;  see  Genesis  xxxviii.]  The  samo 
as  Masturbation  (as  applied  to  males). 
See  Masturbation. 

Oaa-oo-Eo'&i-a.*  [From  fiyrog,  a “tu- 
mor,” and  Xd) o;,  a “discourse.”]  A trea- 
tise on  tumors;  that  branch  of  medicine 
which  treats  of  boils  or  tumors. 

Oai-eo'sis.*  [From  dy*o;,  a “ tumor.”] 
The  progress  or  formation  of  a boil  or 
tumor. 

On-eot'o-my.  [ Oiicoto'mia ; from 
d'v*o;,  a “tumor,”  and  rep 'to,  to  “cut.”] 
The  cutting  or  opening  of  a boil,  tumor, 
or  abscess. 

O-iiei-ro-il  jrn  '!-».*  [From  ovetfav,  a 
“dream,”  and  o'vvri,  “pain,”  or  “dis- 
tress.”] Disturbance  or  restlessness  of 
the  imagination  during  sleep;  night- 
mare. A genus  of  the  order  Vesanise, 
class  Neuroses , of  Cullen's  Nosology. 


ONE 


OPA 


©neirodyn'ia  Ac-ti'va.:i:  Sleep- 
walking, or  somnambulism. 

Oneirodyn'ia  Ora' vans.*  Night- 
mare. See  Ephialtes,  and  Incubus. 

Oneirogonorrhoea,*  o-nl-ro-gon- 
or-re'a.  [From  ovupov,  a “ dream,”  yoiro, 
“ semen,”  and  pcco,  to  “ flow.”]  The  same 
as  Oneirogontjs,  which  see. 

O-nei-rog'o-nus.*  [From  ovetpov,  a 
“ dream,”  and  yo^,  “semen.”]  The 
emission  of  semen  during  sleep.  See 
Spermatorrhoea  Dormientium. 

O-nei-roi'o-gy.  [Oneirolo'gia ; 
from  oseipov,  a “ dream,”  and  Xoyoj,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  or  theory  of 
dreams;  the  science  of  dreams. 

Onglade,  iNo'gl&d'.  The  French  term 
for  Paronychia,  which  see. 

Ongle,  6xgl.  The  French,  term  for 
Nail,  which  see. 

On'Ion.  The  Allium  cepa. 

Onion,  Sea.  See  SciLla  Maritima. 

O-nis'CMS  A-sel'lns.*  The  wood- 
louse. An  insect  found  in  rotten  wood. 
It  was  once  regarded  as  a stimulant  and 
diuretic,  and  employed  in  jaundice. 

On'o-ma,*  plural  O-nom'a-ta.  [Gr. 
ovopa.]  A name. 

O-nom-a-tol'o-gy.  [Onomatolo'- 
gia;  from  bopa,  a “name,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  of  names; 
nomenclature. 

On-om-a-to-poe'ia,*  or  On-om-a- 
t©-p©i-e's£s.*  [From  bopa , a “name,” 
and  noieoi,  to  “make.”]  The  formation 
of  names,  or  rather  their  creation  in  imi- 
tation of  sounds  or  indication  of  ap- 
pearances. 

©n-to-g-rapla'ic.  [Ontograph'- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  ontography. 

On-tog'ra-plny.  [Ontogra'pliia ; 

from  wv,  oVroj,  a “being,  and  ypacbco,  to 
“ write.”]  A description  of  beings,  their 
nature  and  essence. 

©M-to-log'X-eal.  [©Eitolog'icus.] 
Belonging  to  Ontology. 

On-tol'o-gy.  [Ontolo'gia;  from 
\”v,  a “being,”  and  \6yog , a “discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  of  beings,  or  of  principles 
in  the  abstract.  The  science  of  exist- 
ence, its  ultimate  laws,  etc.;  a branch  of 
3ietapliysics. 

©-iiyetE'I-a.*  [From  bv £,  the  “nail” 
of  the  fingers  or  toes.]  An  abscess  near 
the  nail  of  the  fingers;  whitlow.  See 
Paronychia. 

O-nyeh'i-ciis.®  Belonging  to  the 
nails. 

©ii-y-clii 'tis,  i clis*  [From  oV?>£,  the 
“nail.”]  Inflammation  of  the  nail  of  a 
finger  or  toe. 

32* 


On-y-elio-cli'ne.*  [From  oVv£,  tho 
“nail,”  and  kXivu,  a “bed.”]  The  “bed 
of  the  nail.”  An  extremely  sensitive 
portion  of  the  finger  or  toe,  lying  imme- 
diately below  the  nail. 

©Bi-jf-eho'des.*  [From  dvv£,  the 
“nail.”]  Having  large  nails. 

©n-y-cho-i'cfies.*  [From  oVuf,  tho 
“ nail,”  and  eliog,  a “ form.”]  Like,  or 
resembling,  a nail;  on'ychoid. 

©itt-y --elt  <m ' o«  sos,*'  o r-©  n -y-<  1 1 © n '- 
o-sias.*  [From  ov r£,  the  “nail,”  and 
i '6oos,  “ disease.”]  Disease  of  the  finger 
or  toe  nails. 

©n-y-cho-stro'ma.*  [From  oV?’£, 
the  “nail,”  and  arpeopa,  a “mattress,”  or 
“ bed.”]  The  same  as  Onycholine,  which 
see. 

O nyx,  ychis*  [From  8w%,  a “nail.”] 
A small  collection  of  matter  in  the  an- 
terior chamber  of  the  eye,  or  between 
the  layers  of  the  cornea.  Also,  a pre- 
cious stone  of  the  agate  family,  much 
prized  for  cameos.  Named,  perhaps, 
from  the  interchange  of  white  and  semi- 
transparent lines  (or  layers)  resembling 
those  sometimes  occurring  on  the  nail. 

O-aiyx'is.*  [From  dvv£,  the  “nail.”] 
A sinking  or  immersion  of  the  nails  into 
the  flesh. 

©©idles.  See  Ovoid. 

©'©-in.  [©oi'na;  from  cow,  an  “egg.”] 
A substance  resembling  or  constituting 
albumen,  or  white  of  egg. 

©'©-Site.  [©oli'tes;  from  cbov,  an 
“egg,”  and  XiCog,  a “stone.”]  A name 
applied  to  those  masses  of  rock  which 
result  from  an  accumulation  of  small 
round  particles  like  the  roe  or  eggs  of  a 
fish  joined  together,  either  immediately 
or  by  a visible  cement. 

©-©-lit'Ie.  [©olit'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  an  oolite. 

©.  ©.  ©.  = O'leum  Oli'vse  Op'timum .* 

“Best  olive  oil.” 

©-©-p&o-rl'tis,  i dis*  [From  oopli'o- 
rum.\  The  same  as  Ovaritis,  which  see. 

©-©pSB'o-ron,*  or  ©-opli'o-rum.* 
[From  <o6v,  an  “ egg,”  and  cpipco,  to  “ bear.”] 
The  same  as  Ovary,  which  see. 

©-pa^'I-ty.  [©pa'citas,  a 'tis/  from 
opa'cus,  “ dark,”  “ shady.”]  Incapability 
of  transmitting  light;  the  reverse  of 
transparency.  Opacity  is  used  to  express 
any  defect  in  the  transparency  of  the  cor- 
nea, from  a slight  film  to  an  intense 
whiteness. 

©'pal.  [©p'alus.]  The  name  of  a 

precious  stone. 

©'pal,  Previous.  A beautiful  and 
rare  mineral,  characterized  by  its  irides- 
373 


OPA 


OPH 


cent  reflection  of  light.  It  consists  of 
silica,  with  about  ten  per  cent,  of  water. 
Common  Opal  resembles  the  preceding 
in  some  respects,  but  has  no  play  of 
colors. 

O-pa-les'^ence.  [Prom  o' palm, 
the  “ precious  opal.”]  A kind  of  re- 
flected milky  light  which  some  minerals 
exhibit. 

© 'pa- line.  [Opali'nns  ; from  the 
same.]  Having  the  milky  and  bluish 
tint,  with  the  reflection  of  light,  of  the 
opal. 

O'pal-ized.  [Opaliza'ttis ; from 
the  same.]  Converted  into,  or  assum- 
ing the  appearance  of,  the  opal. 

©p-e-ra'tion.  [Opera'tfo,  o 'nis; 
from  op’eror , opera* tits,  to  “ operate,”  to 
“work.”]  The  performance  of  any  of 
the  greater  acts  of  surgery,  as  amputa- 
tion or  excision  of  a limb  or  part,  tying 
of  arteries,  etc. 

O-per'cu-lar.  [Operenla'ris ; from 
op  er*  cal  am,  a “ lid.”]  That  which  closes 
a eavity  in  the  manner  of  a lid.  A 
term  used  by  Owen  for  the  diverging 
appendages  of  the  tympano-mandibular 
arch. 

O-per'cu-late.  [©percMla'lns ; 

from  oper'culum , a “lid.”]  Having  a 
lid,  or  cover. 

©-per 'cu-H- form.  [©perculifor'- 
mis:  from  oper'culum , a “lid.”]  Hav- 
ing the  form  of  an  opercule,  or  lid. 

O-per'cu-lum.*  [From  ope’ rio,  oper'- 
tum,  to  “cover.”]  A lid,  or  cover.  The 
cover  of  the  peristome  of  mosses.  Also, 
a bony  formation  which,  with  the  sab- 
operculum  and  inter  operculum,  closes  the 
great  opening  of  the  gills  of  fishes:  an 
opercule. 

©-phi'a-sis.*  [From  opts,  a “ser- 
pent.”] A term  applied  by  Celsus  to  a 
variety  of  Area  (or  baldness)  which 
spreads  in  a serpentine  form  round  both 
sides  of  the  head  from  the  occiput. 

©-phid'i-an.  [Opliid'ius;  from 
opig,  a “ serpent.”]  Belonging  to  a ser- 
pent, or  resembling  serpents. 

©phioglossaceae,*  o-fe-o-glos-sa'- 
she-e.  [From  Ophioglos* sum,  one  of  the 
genera.]  “Adders’  Tongues.”  A nat- 
ural order  of  cryptogamic  plants  allied 
to  fferns. 

©-  j>3ii-og ' ra-  ph  y • [O  pli  io^ra- 

pliia;  from  opig.  a “ serpent,”  and  ypa<bw, 
to  “ write.”]  A description  of  serpents. 

O-plil-o-i'des.*  [From  dpig,  a “ser- 
pent,” and  tlbog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
a serpent : o'phioid. 

©-phl-oph'a-gous.  [OpliiopEi'a- 

374 


gus;  from  bpig,  a “serpent,”  and  Payu, 
to  “eat.”]  Eating  serpents  as  food. 
Applied  to  certain  birds. 

O-phi-os'to-ma.*  [From  opts,  a 
“serpent,”  and  aropa,  a “mouth.”]  The 
name  of  a genus  of  intestinal  worms. 

©ph-thM'ma-gra.*  [From  op9a\- 
pog,  the  “eye,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”] 
Sudden  pain  of  the  eye,  gouty  in  its  na- 
ture or  otherwise. 

©ph-thal-Mial'gi-a.*  [From  6p0a\- 
p6g,  the  “eye,”  and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  The 
same  as  Ophthalmodynia,  which  see. 

©ph-thM-inargi-cus.*  Belonging 
to  ophthalmalgia : ophthalmalgic. 

©ph-thal-ina-tro'phi-a.*  [From 
opOaXpog,  the  “eye,”  and  arpopia,  a “pin- 
ing away.”]  Atrophy,  or  wasting  away, 
of  the  eye. 

©ph-thal'ini-a.*  [From  6p0a\p6g,  the 
“eye.”]  (Fr.  Ophthalmie,  of'tal'm^',  cr 
Ophthalmitc , of'tlU'met'.)  Inflammation 
of  the  eye.  A genus  of  the  order  Phleg- 
masise,  class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 
ogy. It  is  nearly  synonymous  with  Oph- 
thalmitis. The  following  important 
varieties  may  be  noticed. 

Catar'rhal  Ophthal'mia.  [ Ophthal '- 
mia  Catarrha'lis .]  Arising  from  atmo- 
spheric causes,  and  popularly  designated 
by  the  terms  cold,  or  blight.  The  expres- 
sion ophthalmia  mucosa  (i(m ucous  oph- 
thalmia”) denotes  the  increased  mucous 
discharge  which  accompanies  it.  It  is 
seated  in  the  conjunctiva. 

Gonorrhce'al  Ophthal'mia.  [Cph- 
thal'mia  Gonorrho* ica.~\  A very  severe 
form  of  the  disease,  produced  by  the 
accidental  introduction  of  gonorrhoeal 
matter  into  the  eye.  See  Gonorriioble- 
pharriicea. 

Ophtiiai/mia  Neonato'rum.*  (“Oph- 
thalmia of  New-born  [Children]”.)  A 
kind  of  purulent  ophthalmia  which 
sometimes  attacks  infants  soon  after 
birth. 

Pu'iiulent  Ophthal'mia.  [ Ophthal' - 
mia  Purulen'ta .]  Also  termed  Lgyp'tian 
Ophthal'mia,  because  it  is  common  in 
Egypt.  An  acute  form  of  ophthalmia, 
attended  with  a puriform  secretion.  This 
is  the  blepharo-blennorrhea,  ophthalmo- 
blennorrhea, of  Schmidt  and  Beer.  This 
form  of  the  disease  is  generally,  if  not 
always,  contagious. 

©ph-t  liftl'mic.  [Oplflttal'micus; 
from  6pda\p6g,  the  “eye.”]  Belonging  to, 
or  connected  with,  tho  eye,  or  with  oph- 
thalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Ganglion.  Sec  Len- 
ticular Ganglion. 


OPII 


OPI 


ic.  [Oplitlialmit'i- 

cus.J  Belonging  to  ophthalmitis. 

Opfo-tiaal-Biii'tis,  idis*  [From  oc/>- 
QaXpog,  the  “ eye.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
eye  ; more  specially  of  the  bulb  or  globe 
of  the  eye,  with  its  membranes.  Nearly 
synonymous  with  Ophthalmia. 

©ph  - t!hal  - mo  - bleu  - nor-rlioe'a.* 
[From  6p0a\p6g , the  “eye,”  @\swa,  “mu- 
cus,” and  pio),  to  “flow.”]  Literally,  a 
“flow  of  mucus  from  the  eye:”  usually 
applied  to  a gonorrhoeal  discharge  from 
the  eyelids.  See  Ophthalmia  (Gonor- 
rhceal). 

Opla-tlfoal-m©-car-£i-ii©'ina,  at  is* 

[From  dpdaXpog,  the  “eye,”  and  Kapidvcjpa, 
a “cancerous  tumor.”]  Cancer  of  the 
eye. 

©p9a-t2ial'm©-$ele.**  [From  6j)0a\- 
ptig,  the  “eye,”  and  Krikn,  a “tumor.”] 
The  same  as  Ophtiialmoptoma. 

©p3a-13fls\l-Bai©-^el'i-CMS.;;:'  Belong- 
ing to  ophthalmocele : ophthalmocel'ic. 

Oph-thal-mo-dyii  i-a.®  [From  6p- 
Oa\pog,  the  “eye,”  and  d'.vvrj,  “pain.”] 
Violent  pain  in  the  eye,  not  the  effect 
of  inflammation. 

Ophdlisi3-m©g'r^phy.  [Oplnthal- 

mo^ra'pBnia ; from  dpOdXpog,  the  “eye,” 
and  yptya),  to  “write.”]  A description 
of  the  eye. 

Op3i-13nai-m©l'o-g,y-  [Oplitlaal- 

molo'gia;  from  6p9a\p6g,  the  “eye,” 
and  Xoyof,  a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on 
the  eye.  That  part  of  Anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  eye. 

©ph-tlhal-mo-ma-cro'sis/-'  [From 

dpQaXpog,  the  “eye,”  and  paxpog,  “long,” 
or  “great.”]  Enlargement  of  the  eye- 
balls. 

Oph-thaFmom'e-ter.  [Ophtlhal- 

mom'etrum ; from  opOaXpog,  the  “ eye,” 
and  pzrpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  the  capacity  of  the 
chambers  of  the  eye. 

Opli-th&l-mop5ft'tlfiX-sis.&  [From 
6J)0a\p6gf  the  “eye,”  and  <pQictg,  a “wast- 
ing.”] Wasting,  or  diminution,  of  the 
eyeballs. 

Op3a-tfoa9-m©-ple'&i-a.*  [From  d0- 

Qa\p6g,  the  “eye,”  and  likqyh,  a “stroke,” 
or  “wound/']  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  eyeball. 

Opli-t3aafl-m©p-t©'iiia,  at  is*  [From 
dpdoXpog,  the  “eye,”  and  rrwga,  a “fall.”] 
Procidentia  ocnli , or  protrusion  of  the 
eyeball:  usually  caused  by  some  tumor 
or  abscess  within  the  orbit.  See  Oph- 
f HALMOCELE. 

Oph-tlial-m©p-t©'s£S.*  The  pro- 
gress of  ophthalmoptoma. 


©ph-thal-mor-rlia'gi-a.*'  [From 

6(pda\p6g,  the  “ eye,”  and  phyvipi,  to  “burst 
forth.”]  Haemorrhage  from  the  eye  or 
orbit. 

Opfli-thal-mar-rliex'is.*  [From 

d(p9a\pdg,  the  “eye,”  and  /)*?£<$,  a “break 
ing,”  or  “ bursting.”]  A bursting,  or 
disruption,  of  the  eyeball. 

Opli-tlml-iu©i*-r£Lw'a.*  [From  of 
Qa\p6g,  the  “eye,”  and  pi<o,  to  “flow.”] 
An  oozing  (of  blood)  from  the  eye. 

©pBitha!m©rrlt<je'a  Ex-ter'na.* 
Extravasation  of  blood  beneath  the  eye- 
lids. 

Op9Bt9fialm©rrlioe'a  In-ter'na.*  A 

term  for  extravasation  of  blood  within 
the  eye. 

OpSfi-tIiarm©-se©pe.  [Oplithal- 

m©sc©pus;  from  o^OaXpog,  the  “eye,” 
and  Oconee),  to  “ examine.”]  An  instru- 
ment for  facilitating  examination  of  the 
eye. 

©pli-tlnaf-ni©-pc©p'ic.  [Oplithal- 

in©sc*©p'icus.]  Belonging  to  ophthal- 
moscopy. 

Oph'thal'inos'co-py.  [Oplitlial- 
niosco'pia : from  6<p6a\pog,  the  “eye,” 
and  ckottcio,  to  “ examine.”]  Examina- 
tion, or  inspection,  of  the  eyes. 

©piano.  See  Narcotine. 

© pi-ate.  [Opia'tum:  from  o'piumt\ 
A medicine  which  causes  sleep. 

O'pi-i,*  the  genitive  of  Opium. 

Opds-tliot-c-uo-i  des/  [From  opis- 
thotonos, and  ticog , a “ form.”]  Besern- 
bling  opisthotonos. 

Op-is-tlfiot'o-nos«*  [From  dmoOe,  “at 
the  back,”  and  mV oj,  to  “ stretch,”  or 
“ bend.”]  Bent  or  stretched  backwards; 
a variety  of  tetanus. 

© pi-uni.®  [Gr.  omov ; from  onog, 
“juice.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
the  concrete  juice  of  the  Papa'ver  somnif  - 
enim , obtained  from  incisions  in  the  cor- 
tical part  of  its  capsule.  Good  opium 
should  yield  at  least  seven  per  cent,  of 
morphia  by  the  officinal  process.  Opium 
is  a stimulant  narcotic.  Taken  in  a 
moderate  dose,  its  first  effect  is  to  increase 
the  force  and  fulness  of  the  pulse,  to 
augment  the  temperature  of  the  skin,  to 
quicken  the  senses  and  give  new  energy 
to  the  intellectual  faculties.  This  state 
of  excitement  gradually  subsides,  and  is 
followed  by  a feeling  of  placid  repose, 
which  at  length  terminates  in  sleep. 
Some  persons,  however,  are  not  affected 
by  opium  in  the  manner  here  described, 
but  are  rendered  restless,  and  even  deli- 
rious, by  its  action.  When  this  narcotic 
has  been  taken  in  poisonous  doses,  the 
375 


OPO 


ORA 


patient  soon  sinks  into  a profound  leth- 
argy or  torpor,  and  death  ensues,  caused, 
it  would  seem,  by  a suspension  of  respi- 
ration from  the  want  of  due  influence 
from  the  brain.  As  a medicine,  opium 
(or  its  preparations)  may  be  advan- 
tageously employed  in  a greater  variety 
of  affections  than  perhaps  any  other 
article  in  the  Materia  Medica.  For 
allaying  restlessness,  assuaging  pain, 
and  producing  sleep,  it  is  an  in\  alv.able 
resource  to  the  physician.  Being  a power- 
ful antispasmodic,  it  may  often  be  used 
with  the  greatest  advantage  in  tetanus, 
colic,  violent  cough,  especially  of  a ner- 
vous character,  and  other  convulsive  af- 
fections. Its  influence  in  checking  the 
secretions,  renders  it  a most  valuable 
remedy  in  diarrhoea,  in  catarrh  attended 
with  excessive  expectoration,  in  diabetes, 
etc.  But,  if  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
of  medicines,  it  is  also  perhaps  more 
than  any  other,  liable  to  abuse;  the 
habit  of  taking  it,  when  not  absolutely 
needed,  is  easily  acquired,  and  is  often 
followed  by  the  most  distressing  and  de- 
plorable effeets  on  both  the  body  and 
the  mind.  See  Poisons. 

0|>-0'bal'sam.  [Opobal'samum; 
from  dnog,  “juice,”  and  bal'&amum.] 
The  most  valued  of  the  balsams;  also 
called  Balm  of  Gilead.  It  is  obtained 
from  the  Amyris  Gileadensis,  otherwise 
called  A.  opohalsamum.  The  same  as 
Balsam  of  Mecca,  which  see. 

Op-o-det'doc.  The  camphorated 
soap-liniment. 

0-2>»-i'«U-a  Oat-ba-nif 'e-rsu*  The 

name  of  the  plant  to  which  the  Dublin 
College  has  referred  the  gum-resin  gal- 
banum. 

O-pop'o-nax,  a' cm.*  [From  d*r<k, 
“juice,”  and  nava*,  the  “panacea  herb.”] 
A gum-resin  obtained  from  a plant  for- 
merly called  Pastina'ca  opop' onax,  now 
0 pop' on 'ix  chi ro' ilium. 

Opop'onax  Clfii-ro'ni-um.*  A new 
name  for  the  plant  which  affords  Opopo- 
nux;  formerly  called  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

Oppilatio  (op-pe-la'she-o),  o 'nisA 
[From  oppi'lo,  oppila' turn,  to  “obstruct.”] 
Synonymous  with  Obstipation,  and 
Constipation,  which  see. 

Op-po'nens  Pol'll-cis.#  (“Oppos- 
ing [Muscle]  of  the  Thumb.”)  [From 
oppo'no,  to  “oppose,”  nru\  pol' lex,  pof' fi- 
ds, the  “thumb.”]  A muscle  which 
arises  from  the  annular  ligament  of  the 
wrist,  etc.,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
thumb.  It  brings  the  thumb  inwards, 
thus  opposing  it  to  the  fingers. 

376 


Op'po-site.  [From  oppo'no,  oppos’- 
itum,  to  “place  against.”]  A term  ap- 
plied to  leaves  when  two  of  them  are 
situated  at  the  same  node,  on  opposite 
sides  of  the  stem. 

Op-pos'I-ti-fo'li-ous.  [Oppositi- 

fo'lius;  from  oppos'itus,  and  f o' limn  , a 
“leaf.”]  Having  opposite  leaves.  Also, 
growing  opposite  a leaf.  Applied  to  a 
peduncle  or  a tendril. 

Op-pos  l-ti-pen-na'tus.*  [From 
oppo'no,  opp>os'itum,  to  “place  against,” 
and  2)enna'tu8,  “feathery.”]  Applied  to 
pennate  leaves  of  which  the  folioles  are 
opposite:  oppositipen'nate. 

©p-pres'sion.  [Oppres'sio,  o'nis; 
from  op'primo,  op>pres' sum,  to  “ press 
down.”]  A sensation  of  weight  on  a 
part : the  state  of  being  oppressed. 

Oppression,  Pre-cor'di-aS.  A 
sense  of  weight  experienced  about  the 
prxcordia,  or  fore  part  of  the  chest. 

Op'tie.  [Op'ticus ; from  onr<o,  to 
“see.”]  Relating  to  the  organ  of  vision. 

Op'ticXerve.  [Jfer'vus  Op'ticiis, 
plural  Xer'vi  Op'tici.]  The  optic  nerve 
forms  the  communication  between  the 
brain  and  the  organ  of  vision.  The  ex- 
pansion of  its  orbital  extremity  consti- 
tutes the  retina.  The  optic  nerves  are 
also  called  the  Par  secundum,  or  “Se- 
cond Pair,”  of  the  encephalic  nerves, 
the  olfactory  being  reckoned  as  the  first. 

<l>p'tic  Tlual'a-imis.  [Thal  amus 
Op'ticws.]  Each  of  two  eminences  in 
the  anterior  and  internal  part  of  the 
lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain ; the  bed 
of  the  optic  nerve. 

Op'tics.  [Op'tica;  from  otttcj,  to 
“see.”]  The  branch  of  physical  science 
which  treats  of  the  phenomena  of  light 
and  vision,  and  of  the  instruments  by  the 
use  of  which  the  faculty  of  vision  is  aided 
and  improved. 

Opim'tia  (o-pun'she-a)  Coc-el-nel- 
laf 'er-jt.*  The  Nopal,  a cactaceous 
plant  on  which  the  cochineal  insects  feed. 
The  natives  in  the  Mexican  State  of 
Oajaca  form  plantations  of  the  Nopal 
for  the  culture  of  these  valuable  insects, 
of  which  three  crops  are  said  to  be  col- 
lected annually. 

Or,  or.  The  French  term  for  Gold, 
which  see. 

©'ra.*  The  plural  of  Os,  a “mouth,” 

which  sec. 

O'ral.  [Ora'ISs;  from  os,  o'ris , a 
“mouth.”]  Relating  to  the  mouth,  or 
uttered  by  the  mouth  ; verbal. 

Or'jmprc.  [Auran'tinm.]  The  fruit 
of  the  Citrus  aurantium. 


OEA 


ORD 


Or'ange,  Sev'ille  (sev'il).  A variety 
of  the  Citrus  aurantium. 

Or*bic'ii«iiir.  [Orbiccila'ris ; from 
orbic'ulus,  diminutive  of  or' bis,  an  “ orb,” 
or  “ circle.”]  Shaped  like  an  orb ; circu- 
lar in  outline. 

©r-bic-u-la're  Os.*  (“  Orbicular 
Bone.”)  The  email  orbed  bone  of  the 
ear  articulating  with  the  head  of  the 
stapes. 

Or-bic-u-la'ris ©c'ti-li.;:-  (“Circular 
[Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”)  The  same  as 
the  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum. 

©rbicwla'ris  O'ris.*  (“Circular 
[Muscle]  of  the  Mouth.”)  A muscle  con- 
stituting the  substance  of  the  lips ; also 
termed  constrictor  o'ris , sphinc'ter  labio'- 
rum,  or  oscula'tor. 

Orbicula  ris  Pal-pe-bra'rmn.® 

(“Circular  [Muscle]  of  the  Eyelids.”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  outer  edge  of 
the  orbitar  process  and  inserted  into  the 
nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary 
bone.  It  shuts  the  eye. 

©r-bic  u-late.  [Orbicula'tus ; from 
orbic'ulus,  a “little  circle,  or  round 
ball.”]  Round  and  flat.  Applied  to 
leaves.  In  Zoology,  having  the  shell 
round,  or  orbicular. 

Or-bie'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  orr- 
bis,  a “circle.”]  A little  circle.  See 
next  article. 

Orbic'ulus  Cil-i-a'ris.*  (“  Ciliary 
Circle.”)  The  white  circle  formed  by  the 
ciliary  ligament,  marking  the  distinction 
between  the  choroid  and  iris. 

Or 'bit.  [From  or'bita , a “track,”  or 
“path,”  the  “rut  of  a wheel.”]  The 
path  described  by  a planet  in  its  course 
round  the  sun,  or  by  a moon  round  its 
primary  planet.  Also  applied  to  the  bony 
cavity  in  which  the  eyeball  is  located, 
the  eye  being  compared  to  a wheel  ( orbis ), 
and  the  socket  to  the  rut  or  cavity  into 
which  the  wheel  has  sunk. 

©r'bi-tal.  [Orbita'lis;  from  or'- 
bita, the  “ orbit  of  the  eye.”]  Belonging 
to  the  orbit  of  the  eye. 

©r'bi-ta-ry.  [Orbita'rins,  or  ©r- 
bita'ris;  from  the  same.]  Relating  to 
the  orbit  of  the  eye. 

©r-bi-to-sphe'noid.  [Orbitosphe- 
noi'des;  from  or'bita,  the  “orbit,”  and 
sphenoi’des  os,  the  “sphenoid  bone.”] 
A term  used  by  Owen  for  the  orbital,  or 
lesser,  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

©r-che-i'tis,  id  is*  [From  bpxra  for 
h\tov,  the  “ scrotum.”]  Inflammation  of 
the  scrotum. 

©r-chel'la.#  The  HocceVla  Tincto'  ria, 
a plant  of  the  order  Lichenes,  which 


yields  the  coloring  matter  called  orchil. 
or  archil. 

©r'che-o-^ele.*  The  same  as  Os* 

CHEOCELE. 

©r-che-o-plas'ty.  [Orcheoplas'- 
tia;  from  opxea,  a term  for  the  “ scrotum,” 
and  7tAiWgj,  to  “ form.”]  The  operation 
of  removing  fungous  portions  of  the 
scrotum,  and  supplying  their  place  with 
healthy  flaps  from  the  vicinity. 

OrehcotOBYiia.  See  Orchotomy. 

©r-chi-al'gi-ai.#  [From  opxig,  a “tes- 
ticle,” and  a\yog,  “ pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
testicle. 

©reiiidaceav*or-ke-da'she-e,  or  Or'- 
chbdes.  - A natural  order  of  endoge- 
nous herbaceous  plants,  found  in  all  parts 
of  the  world  except  those  regions  which 
are  excessively  cold  or  dry.  Some  of 
them  are  parasitical.  This  order,  which 
is  more  remarkable  for  beauty  than 
utility,  includes  the  Or'ckis  and  the  de- 
lightful aromatic  known  as  Vanilla. 

Orchidalgia.  See  Orchialgia. 

Or-chid'e-ows.  [Orchid 'eus.]  Re- 
sembling the  Orchis , or  relating  to  the 
Orchis. 

Or'cM-dcs,*  the  plural  of  Or'chis , 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Orchidace^e. 

©rchfidoiuiuia.  See  Orchotomy. 

Orchids.  The  same  as  Orchides. 

©r-chil  la.*  The  same  as  Orchella. 

©r'chl-o-^ele.*  [From  opxig,  a “tes- 
ticle,” and  *07X77,  a “turner.”]  Hernia  of 
the  testicle. 

Or-ehi-o-dyn'i-aA  [From  opx<sf  a 
“testicle,”  and  obvrrj,  “pain.”]  Pain,  of 
a pungent  character,  in  the  testicle. 

©r-chi-o-scir'rfms.;;:  [From  opxig, 
a “testicle,”  and  oKifpog,  an  “indurated 
tumor.”]  Scirrhus,  or  incipient  cancer, 
of  the  testicle. 

©rchiotomia.  See  Orchotomy. 

Or'chis  Mas'cu-la.*  The  Male  Or- 
chis ; a plant  from  the  tubers  of  which 
salep  is  procured. 

©r-chit'I-cus.*  Belonging  to  orchi- 
tis : orchit'ic. 

Or-chi'tis,  id  is*  [From  opxig,  a 
“testicle.”]  Inflammation  of  the  tes- 
ticle ) swelled  testicle.  The  same  as 
Hernia  Humoralis. 

©r-chot'o-may.  [Orchoto'mia ; 
from  opX’s , a “ testicle,”  and  rip vw,  to 
“cut.”]  The  operation  of  cutting  out 
or  removing  a testicle  by  the  knife  ,*  cas- 
tration. 

Or'der.  [Or'do,  ©r'dinis.]  A di- 
vision of  a class,  comprising  genera  vary- 
ing in  some  respects  from  each  other, 
377 


ORD 


ORG 


but  agreeing  in  essential  characters.  In 
Architecture,  a system  or  assemblage  of 
parts  arranged  according  to  some  par- 
ticular plan  or  style. 

©r'di-nes,*'  gen.  Or  di-num.  The 

plural  of  Ordo.  See  Order. 

Or'do.*  The  Latin  term  for  Order, 
which  see. 

Ore.  [Probably  from  ses,  se'ris, 
“ brass.”]  A mineral  substance  from 
which  a metal  is  extracted  ; a native 
combination  of  a metal  with  some  sub- 
stance which  disguises  its  metallic  pro- 
perties. Ores  are  termed  sulphurets  when 
combined  with  sulphur,  oxides  when  com- 
bined with  oxygen,  and  salts  when  com- 
bined with  acids. 

Or'gan.  [Or'gannm;  from  opyavov, 
an  “instrument,”  or  “organ.”]  A part 
of  an  animal  or  vegetable  capable  of 
performing  some  act  or  office  appropriate 
to  itself. 

©r-gan'ic.  [Organ 'tens ; from  the 
same.]  Relating  to,  or  acting  by  means 
of,  organs;  having  an  organized  struc- 
ture. Generally  used  to  express  the  dis- 
tinction between  a disease  of  structure 
and  one  of  function,  the  former  being 
organic,  the  latter  functional. 

Organ'ic  Chem'istry  is  that  branch 
f Chemistry  which  treats  of  the  pro- 
perties and  combinations  of  animal  and 
vegetable  substances. 

Organ'ic  Func'tions  are  those  pos- 
sessed by  both  animals  and  vegetables. 

Organic  Force.  See  Vital  Force. 

©rgan'ic  Life.  A term  applied  to 
that  life  which  belongs  properly  to  the 
organs  necessary  to  vital  existence.  It  is 
shared  in  common  by  both  animals  and 
vegetables,  and  is  contradistinguished 
from  animal  life , comprising  those  func- 
tions which  are  peculiar  to  animals. 

©rgan'ic  Mol'e-cules.  [Molec'- 
nlae  Organ'i^ae.]  A term  applied  by 
Spallanzani  to  certain  floating  bodies  sup- 
posed to  exist  in  the  male  semen,  and 
which  he  regarded  as  primordial  monads 
of  peculiar  activity  existing  through  all 
nature  and  constituting  the  nutrient  ele- 
ments of  living  matter. 

Organ' ic  lie-mains'.  The  remains 
of  plants  and  animals;  that  is,  all  or- 
ganized bodies  found  in  a fossil  state. 

©r'gan-i&m.  [Organis'nnis;  from 
dpyavov,  an  “organ.”]  Organic  structure; 
the  living  economy ; the  assemblage  of 
the  forces  which  act  in  organized  be;ngs. 

Or-gun-B-xa'tion.  [Organ!  za'tio, 
o rnis;  from  ftpya>ov,  an  “organ.”]  The 
process  by  which  an  organized  body  is 
378 


formed;  also,  the  totality  of  the  parts 
which  constitute,  and  of  the  laws  which 
regulate,  an  organized  body. 

Or'gan-ized.  [Organiza'tus ; from 
opyavov,  an  “organ.”]  Having  a defined 
structure ; formed,  or  furnished,  with 
organs,  each  of  which  has  its  proper 
function. 

©r-ga-nog'e-ny.  [Organoge'nias 

from  opyavov,  an  “ organ,”  and  yhsoif, 
“generation.”]  Originally,  the  forma- 
tion, or  growth,  of  organs;  usually  ap- 
plied to  a description  of  the  organs  of  a 
living  body. 

©r-gan-o-graph'I-cal.  [©rgano- 
graphieais.]  Relating  to  organogra- 
phy. 

©r-ga-nog'ra-phy.  [©rganogra'- 
phia;  from  opyavov,  an  “organ,”  and 
ypdfpoj,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
organs  of  some  living  body  ; the  study 
of  the  organs  or  conspicuous  parts  of 
plants  as  to  their  external  conformation, 
including  Morphology  (the  study  of 
forms). — (Gray.) 

©i*-ga-no-log'I-cal.  [©rganolog'- 

iens.]  Relating  to  organology. 

©r-ga-nol'o-gy.  [©rganolo'gia : 

from  opyavov , an  “organ,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“ speech.”]  That  branch  of  Physiology 
which  treats  of  the  different  organs  of 
animals,  but  more  particularly  of  those 
of  the  human  body. 

Organon,  ©rgannm.  See  Organ. 

©r-ga-no-no'mi-a.*  [From  opyavov , 
an  “organ,”  and  vopog,  a “law.”]  A de- 
claration of  the  laws  which  regulate  the 
activity  of  the  organism,  or  organic  life : 
organon'omy. 

©r-ga-no-nom'i-cus.*  Belonging 

to  organonomia. 

Or  gans  of  Re-pro-duc'tion.  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  the  flowers  (consisting 
essentially  of  stamens  and  pistils). 

Or'gans  of  Veg-e-ta/tion  (in  other 
words,  the  organs  which  are  essential  to 
vegetable  life,  or  the  life  of  the  indi- 
vidual plant).  This  term  includes  the 
root,  stem,  and  leaves,  which  are  also 
called  the  fundamental  organs  of  plants. 

Or  gasm.  [Orgas'nuis ; from  dpy'uo, 
to  “swell.”]  Eager  desire  or  excite- 
ment, especially  venereal ; salacity.  See 
CEstrum. 

Orgasm,  Diseases  aifeeting  tlie. 

See  Oroastica. 

©r-gas'ti-ca.*  [From  orgas' ficus.] 
The  name  of  an  order  of  the  class  Gene - 
tic  a in  Good’s  Nosology.  It  comprises 
diseases  affecting  the  procreative  power. 

©r-gas'tl-cus.*  Belonging  to  orgaein 


ORG 


ORK 


Orgeat,  or'zhat.  (French  pronuncia- 
tion, oit'zh&'.)  A sweetened  emulsion  of 
almonds  with  orange -flower  water. 

Or-I-clial'cuni.*  [From  opog,  a 
“ mountain,”  and  xaX*<5f,  “ brass.”]  Lite- 
rally, ‘‘mountain  brass.”  A peculiar 
kind  of  mixed  metal  in  general  use 
among  the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans. 
It  is  proved  to  have  been  composed  of 
nearly  the  same  ingredients  as  brass. 

O'ri-ent.  [O'riens;  from  o'rior,  to 
“rise  up,”  to  “arise.”]  Literally,  the 
“ rising.”  Applied  to  that  part  of  the 
heavens  at  which  the  sun  arises  and 
ascends  above  the  horizon  ; eastern. 

Or'i-f  Ice.  [Orift^'iuin ; from  os, 
o'ris,  a “ mouth,”  and  fa! do , to  “ make.”] 
A mouth  or  entrance  to  any  cavity  of 
the  body ; as  the  orifice  of  the  stomach. 

O-rig^a-nuni.*'  [Gr.  opeiyaror.]  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Didynamia , 
natural  order  Labiatse.  The  Pharma- 
copoeia! name  (Ed.  and  U.S.  Ph.)  of 
Origanum  vulgar e , or  common  marjoram. 

Origanum  M ar-j  o-ra ' na.*  The 
sweet  marjoram. 

©rig'amian  Vul-ga're.*  The  com- 
mon marjoram. 

©r'i-gin.  [From  ori'go , orig'inis . a 
“source,”  “beginning.”]  Properly,  the 
source  or  commencement  of  any  thing. 
The  commencement  of  a muscle  from 
any  part.  Its  attachment  to  the  part  it 
moves  is  called  its  insertion. 

Or-le-a'na,  Ter'ra.*  A name  for 
annotto. 

Orme,  ORm.  The  French  for  “elm.” 
See  Ulmus. 

Or-ni-thi-eh-ni'tis.^  [From  opvig, 
dpviQog , a “bird,”  and  ixvog,  a “path,”  or 
“track.”]  A name  applied  to  the  stone 
found  in  Massachusetts,  marked  with  the 
track  of  birds’  feet. 

Or-nl-tko-^epfii  a-lons.  [Orni- 
tliocepli'alus;  from  bpvig,  a “bird,”  and 
KeipaXfi,  a “ head.”]  Having  the  appear- 
ance of  a bird’s  head.  Applied  to  parts 
of  certain  plants  and  shells. 

©r-nl-tiio-co'prus.*  [From  opvig , a 
“bird,”  and  Konpog,  “ dung.”]  A name  for 
Guano,  which  see. 

Or  iii-tlioid.  [Ornittaoi'des;  from 
opvig,  a “bird,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a bird. 

Or-mith'o-lite.  [Oniitlioli'tes ; 

from  bpvig,  a “ bird,”  and  \i6og,  a “ stone.”] 
Applied  to  the  fossil  remains  of  birds. 

Or-ni-tliol  i-tlius.*  [From  the 
same.]  The  petrifaction  of  birds. 

©r-ni-tlio-log,'i-eal.  [Ornitlio- 
log'icus.]  Relating  to  Ornithology. 


©r-ns-tlioTo-gy.  [©rnitholo'gia ; 

from  opvig,  opviQog , a “bird,”  and  Xbyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  science  which  treats 
of  the  natural  history  and  classification 
of  birds. 

Or-ni-tlio-rhyn'<*lius.*  [From  opvig, 
opviQog , a “bird,”  and  ptiyxpg , a “beak.”] 
A remarkable  animal  of  Australia,  having 
the  body  of  a quadruped  and  a mouth 
which  resembles  the  bill  of  a duck. 

©r'nus.*  [From  oprivog,  “mountain- 
ous.”] The  Wild  Ash.  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Polygamia,  natural 
order  Oleacese. 

©rims  Eii-ro-pse'a.*  The  tree 
which  chiefly  yields  manna.  Also  named 
F)  ax' in  ns  or' mis. 

©rofoaiicliaceay*  or-o-ban-ka'she-e. 
[From  Oroban'che,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
parasitical  plants,  found  in  Europe,  Asia, 
and  North  America. 

©r-o-bo-i'cles.*  [From  opoSog,  “pulse,” 
and  sibog,  a “form.”]  Resembling  pulse. 

©-rog’-no'si-a.*  [From  opog,  a “ moun- 
tain,” and  yvumg,  “knowledge.”]  The 
science  which  treats  of  mountains,  their 
origin,  structure,  etc. 

©-ro-grapli'l-cal.  [©rograpli'i- 
cus.]  Relating  to  orography. 

©-rog'ra-pliy.  [©rogra'pliia; 
from  opog,  a “ mountain,”  and  ypaepo),  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  mountains. 

©r-o-hy-drog'ra-pliy.  [Orohy- 
rirogra'plcia ; from  opog , a “mountain,” 
vocop,  “ water,”  and  ypaipw,  to  “ write.”]  A 
history  of  waters  which  flow  from  moun- 
tains, or  of  the  waters  and  geognostic 
formations  of  a country. 

©-ro-log'i-ral.  [©rolog'icus.] 
Relating  to  orology. 

©-rol'o-gy.  [©rolo'gia;  from  opog , a 
“ mountain,”  and  Xoyog , a “ discourse.”] 
A dissertation  on  mountains.  The  sci- 
ence which  treats  of  the  structure,  etc., 
of  mountains. 

©roMtiacese-ro-ron-te-a'she-e.  [From 
Oron’tium , one  of  the  genera.]  A nat- 
ural order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  many  tropical  and  tem- 
perate regions.  It  includes  the  Cal'la 
palus'tris,  and  Adorus  cal'amvs.  Seve- 
ral of  the  genera  are  stimulant  and 
tonic. 

©r'pi-m^Eit.  [Oi’pimen'tnm:  i.e. 
au'ri  pigmen'tmn , “pigment  of  gold:”  so 
named  from  its  color.]  Yellow  sulphu- 
ret  of  arsenic,  or  king’s  yellow. 

©r-rhor-rha'gi-a.*  [From  ofpog, 
“serum,”  and  pfiywpu,  to  “burst  forth.”] 
A sudden  discharge  or  bursting  forth  of 
379 


ORR 


OS 


serum,  as  from  the  bowels  in  Asiatic 
chplera. 

Gr-vlior-rlfioe'a.*  [From  dfpog,  “ se- 
rum,” and  poo,  to  “flow.”]  A flow  or 
discharge  of  serum ; a watery  dis- 
charge. 

©r-rho-so'leii,  e'nfs*  [From  dfpog, 
“ serum,”  and  0x0X17//,  a “ pipe.”]  A lym- 
phatic vessel. 

Or-riiy'men,  eii /<<?,*  or  Or-rho-hy'- 

men"'-  [From  oppo g,  “ serum,”  and  vpriv, 
a “membrane.”]  A serous  membrane. 

©r-rliy-me-aii'tis,  id  is*  or  ©r-rho- 
liy-nie-ni'tis.-  [From  orrhy'men.]  In- 
flammation of  a serous  membrane. 

©r-rliy-men-o-i'des.*  [From  or- 
rhif'tnen,  and  eidog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a serous  membrane. 

Orris  Florentine.  See  Iris  Flo- 

RENTINA. 

©r-tlia-can'tlius.*  [From  op9og, 
“straight,”  or  “right,”  and  axavda,  a 
“spine.”]  Having  straight  spines:  or- 
thacanthous. 

©r-tliar'tlira-gra.*  [From  dpOog, 
“straight,”  or  “right,”  “true,”  apQpov,  a 
“joint,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”]  True 
or  regular  gout. 

©r-ttioc'la-clas.*  [From  dpOog, 
“straight,”  or  “right,”  and  xX'dog,  a 
“branch.”]  Having  straight  or  upright 
branches. 

Or-tSio-pa?-cli'a.*  [From  opdo;, 
“ straight,”  or  “right,”  and  raig,  a 
“ child.”]  The  straightening,  correcting, 
or  curing  deformities  of  children. 

O r- tlio-ped ' ic.  [O  rthopse  'clients.] 
Belonging  to  orthopaedic i. 

©r-tliop-noe'a.*  [From  dpOog , 
“ straight,”  or  “ right,” an d tti 'dp,  “ breath- 
ing.”] Literally,  “upright  breathing.” 
Quick  and  labored  breathing,  in  which 
the  person  has  to  maintain  an  upright 
posture  to  allow  of  even  this. 

©r-tliop-no'i-eus.*  Belonging  to 
orthopnoe'a. 

©r-tliop'ter-us.*  [From  dpOog, 
“straight,”  and  nrepov,  a “wing.”] 
Straight-winged.  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Orthop’tera ) to  an  order  of 
insects:  orthop'terous. 

Or-tliosto-aams.  [From  dpOog, 
“ straight,”  and  ardpa,  a “ mouth.”]  Hav- 
ing the  mouth  or  opening  straight:  or- 
thostomous. 

©r-tliot'ro-pal,  or  ©B*-Hiot'ro- 
pous.  [From  dpOog,  “ straight,”  and  Tpcnco, 
to  “ turn.”]  A term  applied  to  a straight 
ovule  of  a plant  which  has  its  radicle 
next  to  the  hilum. 

©-ryc-to-die'mi-a.*  [From  dp-ixrdg, 

380 


“dug  out,”  “ fossil,”  and  xvpeia,  “chemis- 
try.”] The  chemical  examination  of 
fossils. 

©-ryc-tog'e-ny.  [©ryctoge'nia ; 

from  opvKTog,  “fossil,”  and  ytvvdio,  to 
“produce.”]  The  generating  or  produ- 
cing of  fossils. 

©-  ry  c- to-ge-o-log ' s - cal.  [©ry  ct  o- 

geolog'icus.]  Belonging  to  orycto- 

geology. 

O-ryc-to-ge-ol'o-gy.  [©ryctoge- 

olo'gia;  from  dpvxTog,  a “fossil,”  or 
“mineral,”  yr?,  the  “earth,”  and  \dyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  That  branch  of  science 
which  treats  of  the  arrangement  of  mine- 
rals in  the  bosom  of  the  earth. 

©-ry  c-tog-nos  'tic.  [O  ry  ctognos 
ticais.]  Relating  to  oryctognosy. 

©-ryc-tog'no-sy.  [Oryctogno'sia ; 
from  dpvKTog , “fossil,”  and  yv&mg,  “know- 
ledge.”] The  same  as  Oryctology. 

©-ry  c-to-graph  'I-cal.  [©rycto- 

graph'icws.]  Belonging  to  oryctog- 
raphy. 

©-  rye- tog ' ra-pliy . [ ©r  y ctogr  a ' - 
plfiia;  from  opwrog,  “fossil,”  and  ypdepto , 
to  “ write.”]  A description  of  fossils  or 
minerals. 

©-r  y c-to-log  'i-cal.  [Ory  ctolog ' i- 

cns.]  Belonging  to  oryctology. 

©-ryc-tol'o-gy.  [Oryctolo'gia ; 
from  opvKTog , “fossil,”  and  \dyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] That  department  of  Natural 
History  which  treats  of  fossil  organic 
remains.  This  term  is  sometimes  used 
to  denote  those  parts  of  Mineralogy 
which  have  for  their  object  the  classifi- 
cation of  minerals,  their  description, 
nomenclature,  and  arrangement. 

O-ry  c-tom 'e-try.  [OryctoBtic'- 
tria ; from  dpvxrog,  “fossil,”  and  perpio), 
to  “ measure.”]  The  science  of  measur- 
ing fossils. 

©-ryc-to-zo-o-lo'gi-a.*  [From 

op'KTog , “fossil,”  $cDoj/,  an  “animal,”  and 
\6yog , a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  ani- 
mal fossils : oryctozoology. 

©-ry  c- to-zo-o-log  i -cus.*  B el  on  g- 
ing  to  oryctozoologia:  oryctozoological. 

©-ry'za.*  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Triandria,  natural  order  Gramina- 
ceuc.  The  rice -plant. 

Ory  za  Sa-ti'va.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  rice-plant. 

O-ry-zo-i'des.*  [From  ory'zn,  “rice,” 
and  eitog,  a “form.”]  Resembling  the 
rice-plant. 

©s,*  genitive  ©'ris,  plural  O ra. 
The  mouth,  or  aperture  by  which  food  is 
received  into  the  body,  and  in  which,  by 
its  peculiar  apparatus  of  nerves,  mus- 


OS 


OSP 


cles,  bones,  and  teeth,  taste,  speech,  res- 
piration, suction,  mastication,  and  deg- 
lutition are  exercised  or  performed.  Also 
applied  to  various  apertures  or  openings 
of  the  body. 

©s,*  genitive  Os'sis,  nominative  plu- 
ral ©s'sa,  genitive  Ossiuin,  osh'e-um. 
[Gr.  ootzov  ; Fr.  Os,  o.]  A bone.  See 
Bone. 

Os  Coc'^y-gis.  See  Coccyx. 

©s  Uribleux,  o kR^'bluh'.  The 

French  term  for  the  Ethmoid  Bone. 

©s  <le  la  Uuisse,  o d’l&  kw£ss.  The 
French  term  for  Femur,  which  see. 

©s  de  l’Assiette,  6 d’l&se-ett'.  The 
French  term  for  Ischium,  which  see. 

©s  Ex-ter'iium.*  (“  External  Ap- 
erture.”) The  opening  or  entrance  of 
the  vagina.  See  Os  Internum. 

©s  Femoris.  See  Femur. 

©s  I-Ii'a-cum,*  plural  ©s'sa  I-li'a- 
ca.  Another  name  for  the  Os  Innomi - 
natum.  See  Ossa  Innominata. 

©s  Ilium.  See  Ilium. 

©s  Innoiniiaaltiin.  See  Ossa  Ix- 

NOMINATA. 

©s  I li- ter 'n u m or  ©s  Tin'^se.* 

The  orifice  of  the  uterus  or  womb. 

©s  Iseliii.  See  Ischium. 

©s  liaclirymaie.  See  Unguis  Os. 
©s©rbiculare.  See  Orbiculare  Os. 
©s  Pubis.  See  PubIs,  Os. 

©s  U'te-ri.*  (“  Mouth  of  the  Uterus.”) 
See  Uterus. 

©s'clie-al.  [©scliea'lis ; from  hx^ov, 
the  “scrotum.”]  Belonging  to  the  scro- 
tum. 

©s-elie-i'tis,  id  is.*  [From  oaxtov,  the 
“scrotum.”]  Inflammation  of  the  scro- 
tum; also,  the  same  as  Orcheitis. 

©s-cl»el-e-i>lian-ti'a-sis.*  [From 
oa\cov,  the  “ scrotum,”  and  elephantiasis.] 
Enormous  enlargement  of  the  scrotum. 

©s'ehe-o-car^i-iio'ma,  fit  is*  [From 
foxcov,  the  “scrotum,”  and  KapKtvuipa,  a 
“cancer.”]  Cancer  of  the  scrotum. 

Os'clie-o-^ele.*  [From  oaxso v,  the 
“ scrotum,”  and  Kr{\ri,  a “ tumor.”]  Tu- 
mor of  the  scrotum;'  also,  scrotal  hernia. 

©s'cil-lat-ing-.  [©s'cillams;  from 
oseil'lo,  oscilla'tum , to  “oscillate,”  to 
“swing  as  a pendulum.”]  Applied  to 
anthers  attached,  not  by  a fillet,  but  by 
a very  small  point  towards  the  middle 
of  their  length,  so  that  they  are  nearly 
balanced,  and  move  from  the  slightest 
cause. 

©s-cil-la'tion.  [©scilla'tio,  o 'ms; 
from  the  same.]  A swinging  motion  to 
and  fro ; also,  a tremulous  or  vibrating 
motion. 


©s-cil'Ia-to-ry-  [©scillato'rius ; 

from  the  same.]  Swinging  or  moving 
like  a pendulum.  Applied  to  the  arterial 
pulsation,  etc. 

©s'ci-tant.  [©s'citans;  from  os'ci- 
to,  oscita'tmn,  to  “yawn.”]  Yawning; 
gaping:  sleepy;  sluggish. 

©s-ci-ta'tion.  {©scita'tio,  o’nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  yawning. 

©s'cu-late.  [©scula'tus;  from  os'- 
cnlum,  a “ little  mouth.”]  Having  little 
mouths  or  suckers. 

©s-cu-la'tor.*  (“That which  kisses;” 
from  os'culor,  osada'tus,  to  “kiss:”  so 
named  because  it  contracts  the  mouth.)  A 
name  for  the  Orbicularis  Oris  (Muscle), 
which  see. 

©s'cu-lum.*  [Diminutive  of  os,  a 
“ mouth.”]  A little  mouth  or  aperture. 

©s'ma-zomc.  [©sinazo  nia;  from 
oaph,  “odor,”  and  Cw/idj,  “sauce.”]  A 
peculiar  principle  of  muscular  fibre,  of  a 
brownish-yellow  color,  which  gives  the 
rich  agreeable  taste  and  flavor  to  roasted 
meat,  soups,  etc. 

©s'mi-uin.*  [From  6<rpri,  an  “odor.”] 
A metal  named  from  the  peculiar  odor 
which  one  of  its  oxides  exhales.  It  is 
rare,  and  has  not  been  applied  to  any  use. 

©s-niom'e-ter.  [From  ucpog,  “im- 
pulsion,” and  pirpov,  a “measure.”]  An 
apparatus  for  exhibiting  the  osmotic 
force.  It  consists  of  a porous  vessel 
filled  with  a saline  solution  and  im- 
mersed in  pure  water. 

©s-mo-me t ' ric.  [©smomet ' r icus. ] 
Belonging  to  osmometry. 

©s-inom'e-try.  [©smome'tria; 
from  oapri,  an  “odor,”  and  perpew,  to 
“measure.”]  The  estimating  of  the 
qualities  of  odoriferous  substances. 

©s'mose.  [©smo'sis;  from  uapog , 
“impulsion.”]  The  power  or  action  by 
which  liquids  are  impelled  through  a 
moist  membrane,  and  other  porous  par- 
titions, in  experiments  of  endosmose  and 
exosmose. 

©s-plire-si-olo-gy.  [©sphresio- 
lo'gia;  from  o^cpprjaig , a “smelling,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on 
smelling. 

©s-pby-al'gi-a.*  [From  dtr^vg,  the 
“loin,”  and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
hips  and  loins;  sciatica. 

©s-phy-ar&i-cus.*  Belonging  to  os- 
phyalgia:  osphyalgic. 

©s-pliy-ar-ttiri'tis,  id  is*  [From 
6(T(f)vg,  the  “loin,”  and  npOpTrtg,  “gout.”] 
Strictly,  gout  of  the  loins  or  hip;  but 
used  for  Osphyitis , or  inflammation  of 
the  loins. 


33 


381 


OSP 


OST 


©s-pSiy-i'tis,  tdiaj*  [From  dmbvg,  the 
“loin.”]  Inflammation  of  the  loins. 

©s-pSay-o-my-e-U'tis,  i dis*  [From 
dfpv;,  the  “loin,”  and  gveXdg , “ marrow/’] 
Lumbar  myelitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
spinal  marrow  in  the  region  of  the 
loins. 

Os-pliyr-rheii'ma,  a Us.*  [From  6cr- 
(jjv;,  the  “loin,”  and  psvga,  “rheuma- 
tism.”] Rheumatism  of  the  hip-joint. 

Os'sa,*  gen.  Ossiuan,  osh'e-um,  the 
plural  of  Os,  a “bone.” 

Ossa  Anonyma.  See  Ossa  Innomi- 
nata. 

Os'sa  Con-vo-lii'ta.*  (“Convoluted 
Bones.”)  A name  for  the  Turbinated 
Bones,  which  see. 

Ossa  Ilfaca.  See  Ossa  Innominata. 

Os'sa  In-noan-i-na'ta.^  [Plural  of 
Os  Tnnomina'tum.]  “Unnamed  Bones.” 
The  two  large,  irregularly  shaped  bones 
which,  with  the  sacrum  and  coccyx , com- 
pose the  cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Os'sa  I^a'ta*  (“Broad  Bones”),  or 
Os'sa  Plana-  (“Flat  Bones”).  The 
flat  or  broad  bones  which  protect  im- 
portant viscera,  or  form  the  walls  of 
certain  cavities,  as  the  sternum  and  bones 
of  the  cranium. 

Os'sa  JLmi'ga.-  (“  Long  Bones.”) 
The  long  or  cylindrical  bones  occurring 
in  the  limbs. 

Ossa  Spongiosa.  See  Turbinated 
Bones. 

Ossa  Trimietra,  Ossa  Wormii. 

See  Wormii,  Ossa. 

Osseous,  osh'e-us.  [Os 'sens;  from 
os,  a “ bone.”]  Of  the  nature  or  quality 
of  bone;  bony. 

Os'si-cle.  [Ossic'tiltim;  diminu- 
tive of  os,  a “bone.”]  A small  bone. 

Os-sic'u-la  Au-di'tus.*  The  “ small 
bones  of  hearing;”  the  Malleus,  Incus, 
Stapes,  and  Os  orbiculare,  situated  in  the 
cavity  of  the  tympanum. 

Ossic'ula  Ber-ti'nf.*  (“  Ossicles  of 
Bertin.”)  See  Bertin,  Spongy  Bones  op. 

Os-sic'u-lar.  [Ossaeula'ris ; from 
ossic'ulum,  “ossicle.”]  Having  the  form 
or  appearance  of  ossicles. 

Os-sic'u-late.  [Ossictila'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Provided  with  small  bones. 

Os-sif'er-ous.  [^sslf'erus:  from 
os,  a “bone,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing,  or  containing,  bones. 

Os-sif'ic.  [Ossif'ictis:  from  os,  a 
“bone,”  and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  Form- 
ing bone. 

Os-sl-fi-ca'tion.  [Ossifica'tio, 

o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  formation 
of  bone  or  bony  substance.  For  the  dis- 
382 


tinction  between  ossification  and  calcifi- 
cation, see  Petrifaction. 

Ossium,*  osh'e-um.  The  genitive 
plural  of  Os,  a “ bone,”  signifying  “ of  the 
bones :”  e.g.  F ragiV itas  os'sium,  “ brit- 
tleness of  the  bones.” 

©s-tse'mi-a.#  [From  dariov,  a “bone,” 
and  alga,  “blood.”]  Morbid  fulness  of 
blood  in  a bone. 

Os-tal'gi-a/  [From  oarzov,  a “bone,” 
and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  bones. 

©s-tal-gi'tis,  i dis*  [From  ocTTCoy,  a 
“bone,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Inflamma- 
tion of  a bone,  with  excessive  pain;  also 
spelled  Ostealgitis. 

©stesemia.  See  Ost^emia. 
©s-te-al-lce-o'sis.*  [From  doreov,  a 
“bone,”  and  aXXoioxng,  an  “alteration.”] 
Metamorphosis  of  the  substance  of  a 
bone,  as  the  progress  of  osteosarcoma; 
also  termed  Osteometabole. 

©s-te-an  -a-gen  -n  e 'sis.**  [From 

orrioy,  a “bone,”  and  dvayzjvr\cu “ regene- 
ration.”] Renewal  of  bone. 

©s-te-a-napl*'y-sis.*  [From  cvtzov, 
a “bone,”  and  dvapv oj,  to  “produce.”] 
Reproduction  of  bone. 

©s-fe-ar-throe'a-^e.**  [From  darfav, 
a “bone,”  apdpov,  a “joint,”  and  kuk*j, 
“vice,”  “disease.”]  Cancer  or  caries  of 
the  bones  of  a joint. 

©s'te-in,  or  ©s'te-ine.  [From  torzov, 
a “bone.”]  A name  for  bony  tissue,  or 
the  animal  matter  of  bone. 

©s-te-i'tis,  or  ©s-ti'tis,  i dis.%  [From 
07TZOJ,  a “bone.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  a bone. 

Os-tem'S)ry-0]i,o  n)'s.::  [From  ojt’zoj, 
a “bone,”  and  tpSp  oy,  a “foetus.”]  An 
osseous  or  hardened  state  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  embr3To. 

©s-tem-py-e'sis.**  [From  dirzov,  a 
“bone,”  and  zpirvriaig,  “suppuration.”] 
Abscess  or  suppuration  within  a bcnc. 
©steo-anaforosis.  See  Osteonabro- 

SIS. 

©s'te-o-celc.*  [F rom  ojtzov,  a “ bone,” 
and  sr'iXn,  a “tumor.”]  The  osseous  or 
cartilaginous  substance  found  in  old 
hernial  sacs  after  reduction. 

©s-te-o-col'la.*  [From  ottzov,  a 
“bone,”  and  soXXa,  “glue.”]  Bone-glue, 
or  bone-cement;  a name  fora  particular 
carbonate  of  lime  found  in  Germany, 
formerly  celebrated  for  promoting  the 
reunion  of  fractured  bones. 

©s-to-o-floii'tBBio.  [From  dirbov,  a 
“bone,”  and  cfenftinc.]  A modification 
of  the  fundamental  tissue  of  the  teeth, 
in  which  the  cellular  basis  is  arranged  in 
concentric  layers  around  the  vascular 


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canals.  It  resembles  both  dentine  and 
bone  : hence  the  name. 

Os-te-o-dyn'i-a.*'  [From  darcov,  a 
“bone,”  and  dddvrf,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  a 
bone,  especially  chronic  pain. 

©s-te-o-ge-net/i-cus.*  Bone-gene- 
rating ; belonging  to  osteogenesis. 

©s-te-©-&eii'ic.  [Osteogen'icws.] 
The  same  as  Osteogeneticus. 

©s-te-og'e-ny.  [©*te©gen'esis,  or 
©steogc'nia;  from  darcov,  a “bone,” 
and  ysvcaig,  “generation.”]  The  forma- 
tion or  growth  of  bones. 

©s-te-og'ra-plky.  [©steogra' pltoaa  s 
from  darcov,  a “bone,”  and  ypfyco,  to  “de- 
scribe.”] A description  of  the  bones. 

©s'te-oM.  [©steoi'des;  from  darcov, 
a “bone,”  and  elfo;,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling bone.  Applied  by  Virchow  to  “ soft, 
uncalcified,  osseous  tissue;”  that  is,  os- 
seous tissue  previous  to  the  deposition 
of  calcareous  matter. 

©s-te-ol'o-gy-  [©steolo'giia;  from 
darcov,  a “bone,”  and  \6yog,  a “ discourse.”] 
That  branch  of  Anatomy  which  treats  of 
the  bones. 

©s-te-o'ima,  a tis.%  [From  darcov,  a 
“bone.”]  A tumor  of  a bone:  an  oste- 
ome.  See  Osteoncus. 

©steoflinialacia.,*  os-te-o-ma-la'- 
she-a.  [From  darcov,  a “bone,”  and 
paXaKog,  “ soft.”]  The  same  as  Mollities 
Ossium,  which  see. 

©steo-malacic,  os't&Vm&'l£i's&'.  The 
French  term  for  Mollities  Ossium. 

©s-te-o-mc-tato'o-lc.*  [From  darcov, 
a “bone,”  and  ixcra6o\rj,  a “change.”] 
The  same  as  Osteallceosis. 

©s-te-<a>-Bmy-e-M'tis,  i clis.%  [From 
osteomy' clon.~\  Inflammation  of  the 
marrow  of  a bone. 

©s-te-o-my'e-Smv**  or  ©s-te-o-my'- 
e«him.;;:  [From  darcov,  a “bone,”  and 
pcXog,  “marrow.”]  The  marrow  of  bones. 

©s'te-on-a-lbro'sis,*  or  ©s'te-o- 
Asa-a-foro'sis.*  [From  darcov,  a “bone,” 
and  avaSpwaig,  “consumption,”  or  “ab- 
sorption.”] A term  applied  to  the  sim- 
ple absorption  of  bone,  such  as  occurs  in 
the  removal  of  the  milk-teeth. 

©s-te-on'cnas.*  [From  darcov , a 
“bone,”  and  oysog,  a “tumor.”]  Tumor 
of  a bone.  See  Exostosis. 

©s'tte-o-iae-cr© '*£*.*  [From  darcov , 
a “bone,”  and  vcKpooaig,  “death.”]  Ne- 
crosis, or  death,  of  a bone. 

©s-te-o-pse 'di-om,*  or  ©s-te-o-pse'- 
cli-um.*  [From  darcov , a “bone,”  and 
rraig,  naiSog,  an  “infant.”]  An  ossified 
foetus.  See  Ostembryon. 

©s-te-o-pliy'm^,  at  is*  [From  darcov, 


a “bone,”  and  <pvpa,  a “tumor,”  or 
“swelling.”]  The  same  as  Osteoncus. 

Os'te-o-phtyte.  [©Nteoph  yton,  or 
©steopli  ytum;  from  darcov,  a “bone,” 
and  (pvco,  to  “ produce.”]  An  osseous  tumor. 
See  Osteoncus. 

©s-te-o-po-ro'sis.*  [From  darcov , 
a “bone,”  and  rrdpog,  a “passage,”  or 
“pore.”]  A morbid  porosity  of  the 
bones. 

©ste-o-sar-eo'ma.*  [From  darcov, 
a “bone,”  and  adpl,  “flesh.”]  A fleshy, 
medullary,  or  cartilaginous  mass  grow- 
ing within  a bone,  causing  at  first  an 
enlargement,  and  at  length  partially  ab- 
sorbing it,  or  causing  it  to  fracture. 

©ste-o-sar-co'sis.***  The  progress 
or  formation  of  osteosarcoma. 

©s'te-o-s^en-o-gra'plil-a.*  [From 
darcov,  a “bone,”  and  oKrpoypcupia,  the 
“art  of  scene-painting.”]  The  repre- 
sentation of  the  bones,  or  skeleton. 

©s-te-o-scir'rltus.*  [From  darcov, 
a “bone,”  and  aKifpog,  an  “indurated  tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus  of  a bone. 

©s-te-o'si*.*  The  same  as  Osteo- 
geny, which  see. 

©s  te-o-to-mis'ta.*  [From  darcov,  a 
“bone,”  and  rcpvw,  to  “cut.”]  An  in- 
strument for  breaking  down  the  bones 
of  the  child  in  impracticable  labors. 

©s-te-ot'o-Emis.*  [From,  the  same.] 
An  instrument  for  cutting  through 
bones;  an  osteotome. 

©s-te-©t'©-my.  [©steoto'mia : 
from  the  same.]  The  part  of  Anatomy 
which  relates  to  the  dissection  of  bones. 

©s-te-ot'o-pEms.*  [From  darcov,  a 
“bone,”  and  rc<pog,  a loose  kind  of  stone.] 
A bony  excrescence. 

©st-liex'i-a.*  [From  darcov,  a 

“bone,”  and  e%tg,  a “habit.”]  Ossific 
diathesis;  ossification. 

©s- Tirana*.*  The  orifice  of  the 
womb.  See  Uterus. 

©stats*.  See  Osteitis. 

©s'ti-uim.*  [From  os,  o’ris,  a 
“mouth.”]  Originally,  a “ door;”  also, 
the  “mouth  of  a river.”  Applied  to  any 
opening,  but  particularly  to  that  between 
the  auricle  and  ventricle  of  the  heart. 

©s'tium  Ab-dom-i-na'le.*  (“Ab- 
dominal Opening.”)  The  orifice  at  the 
fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian 
tube, — the  only  place  in  the  whole  body 
where  a serous  membrane  communicates 
with  the  exterior. 

©s-tra-co-i  'des.  - [From  dorpatcov,  a 
“shell,”  and  c7£og,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a shell:  ostracoid. 

©s-tra-co'sis.*  [From  oarpaxov,  a 

383 


OST 


OTO 


"shell.”]  The  desiccation  and  conver- 
sion of  parts  of  bone,  especially  of  the 
cranium,  into  a substance  like  oyster- 
shell. 

©s'tre-a.*  [Gr.  oorpeov,  from  oarpaKov,  a 
"shell;”  Fr.  Unit  re,  w6tR.]  The  oyster; 
a genus  of  the  Ostracea. 

Os'trea  E-du'lis.*  ("Edible  Oys- 
ter.”) The  common  oyster,  the  shells  of 
which  are  used  medicinally. 

©s-tre-a'ceous.  [©strea'ceus; 
from  os'trea,  an  " oyster.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a bivalve  shell. 

©s'tre-se,*  gen.  Os-tre-a'rum.  The 
plural  of  Ostrea,  which  see. 

©s'trich.  [Gr.  orpojfloj.]  The  larg- 
est known  bird,  and  the  type  of  the  Cur- 
sorial or  Struthious  order.  Ostriches 
abound  in  the  sandy  deserts  of  Arabia 
and  Africa. 

-Osus.  A Latin  termination  usually 
denoting  "fulness,”  or  "abundance;”  as, 
va8culo8U8,  "full  of  vessels,”  or  "abound- 
ing in  vessels.” 

©s-U'te-ri.*  ("Mouth  of  the  Ute- 
rus.”) See  Uterus. 

O-tal'gi-a.*  [From  ovg,  urog,  the 
"ear,”  and  aXyog,  "pain.”]  Otal'gy;  pain 
in  the  ear;  ear-ache.  It  has  been  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  internal , ac- 
cording as  it  affects  the  meatus  audi- 
torius,  or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 
See  Otitis. 

O-tal'gic.  [©tal'gicus.]  Belonging 
to  otalgia. 

©■ten'ehy-tes.5  [From  ovg,  <brog, 
the  "ear,”  and  eyxvco,  to  "pour  in.”] 
A syringe  for  the  ears. 

©th-el-co'sis.*  [From  ovg,  the  "ear,” 
and  eXxog,  an  " ulcer.”]  Suppuration  of 
the  ears. 

©t-I-at'rics.  [Otiat'ricas  fromoSj, 
the  "ear,”  and  iarpixog , "belonging  to 
medicine.”]  The  consideration  of  the 
nature  and  principles  of  the  treatment 
of  the  ear. 

©t'l-cus.*  [From  ovg,  the  "ear.”] 
(Fr.  Otique,  o't£k'.)  Belonging  to  the 
ear;  auricular.  Applied  to  medicines,  etc. 

©-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From  ou$,  (brog,  the 
"ear.”]  Inflammation  of  the  ear.  It  is 
said  to  be  external  when  confined  chiefly 
to  the  meatus  auditorius ; internal , if  the 
internal  ear  is  effected. 

©t-o-blen-nor-rlioe'a.*  [From  ovg, 
the  "ear,”  (iXtwa , "mucus,”  and  peoj,  to 
"flow.”]  Mucous  discharge  from  the 
ear. 

©t-o-ca-tar'rhus.*  [From  ovj,  the 
"ear,”  and  xarappoog , a " defluxion.”] 
Catarrh  of  the  ear. 

384 


©t'o-crane.  [©tocra'nia ; from 

ovg,  the  "ear,”  and  xpavov,  the  "head.”] 
The  cavity  for  the  reception  of  the  os- 
seous or  cartilaginous  immediate  capsule 
of  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear. 

©t-o-cra'ni-al.  [©tocrania'lis.] 
Belonging  to  the  otocrane. 

© t-o-d yn ' l-a. ^ [From  ovg , the  "ear,” 
and  odvi/ri,  “ pain.”]  Pain,  more  especially 
chronic  pain,  in  the  ear. 

©t-o-dyn  bcus.  ::  Belonging  to  oto- 
dynia. 

©t-o-gan'g’li-on,*  or  ©t-o-gan  glv 

[From  ovg,  the  "ear,”  and  yay- 
yXiov,  a "ganglion.”]  The  auricular  gan- 
glion. 

©t-o-grapb'i-cal.  [©tog-rapb'i- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  otograph}r. 

©•tog'ra*phy.  [©tog'ra'pfiia ; 

from  ouf.  CiTog,  the  "ear,”  and  ypaQoo,  to 
"write.”]  A description  of  the  ear. 

©t-o-log  1-cal.  [©tolog'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  otology. 

©-tol'o-gy.  [©tolo'gia;  from  ovg, 
c ordg,  the  "ear,”  and  XOyog,  a "speech.”] 
A treatise  on  the  ear;  the  science  of  the 
ear. 

©t-o-ne«-rar£i-a.*  [From  ovg,  the 
"ear,”  and  neural' gia."]  Nervous  pain 
of  the  ear. 

©t-o-neu-ral'gic.  [©toneural'gi- 

CMS.]  Belonging  to  otoneuralgia. 

©t-o-ptilegr'ino-ne.*  [From  ovg,  the 
"ear,”  and  yXeypoinj , "inflammation.”] 
The  same  as  Otitis. 

©t-o-pho'ne.*  [From  ou$.  the  " ear,” 
and  (pojvri,  a "voice,”  a "sound.”]  An 
ear-trumpet. 

©t-o-plas'tic.  [©toplas'ticns.] 

Belonging  to  otoplasty. 

©t'o-plas-ty.  [©toplas'tia,  or 
©toplas'tice:  from  ovg,  the  "ear,”  and 
TtXio’O'co,  to  "form.”]  An  operation  by 
which  lesions  of  the  ear  are  repaired  by 
having  recourse  to  a sound  portion  of 
the  contiguous  integument. 

©t-o-py-or-rhee  'a.*  [From  ovg,  <br6g, 
the  "ear,”  irvov,  "pus,”  and  peco,  to 
"flow.”]  Purulent  otorrhcea,  or  a dis- 
charge of  pus  from  the  ear. 

©t-o-py-o'sis.;;:  [From  ovg,  the 

"ear,”  and  irvov,  "pus.”]  Purulent  dis- 
charge from  the  ear. 

©t-or-rba'&i-a.*  [From  ovg,  the 

"car,”  and  ^nyvvpi,  to  "burst  forth.”] 

A sudden  discharge  of  blood  from  the 

ear. 

©t-or-rtia&'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 

otorrhagia. 

©t-or-rheii-ma-tis'inns.*  [From 
ov>,  the  "ear,”  and  pevpanopdg,  "rheuma- 


OTO 


OVU 


tism.”]  Rheumatic  pain  of  the  ear; 
ear-ache. 

©t-or-rlioe'a.*  [From  ovg,  the  “ear,” 
and  picj,  to  “flow.”]  A flow  or  running 
from  the  ear. 

©t 'o-scope.  [©tos'copus ; from 
ovg,  the  “ ear,”  and  axoncu),  to  “ examine,”  to 
“explore.”]  An  instrument  for  listening 
to  the  sound  of  air  passed  through  the 
tympanic  cavity  in  certain  morbid  con- 
ditions of  the  ear. 

©t-o-scop'ic.  [Otoscop'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  otoscope. 

©toscopium.  See  Otoscope. 
O-tos'te-al.  [©tostea'lis ; from 
ovg,  the  “ear,”  and  oa-rkov , a “bone.”] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  the  homologues  of 
the  ossicles  of  the  ear. 

O-tot'o-Eiiy.  [©toto'mia;  from  ovg, 
the  “ear,”  and  repvoj,  to  “cut.”]  Dis- 
section of  the  ear. 

Otto  of  Roses.  See  Attar  of  Roses. 
©ulorrliagia.  See  Ulorrhagia. 

O urology,  or  Ourologia.  See 

Urology. 

©uroscopia.  See  Uroscopy. 

-Ous.  A terminal  used  in  Chemistry, 
and  denoting  a smaller  quantity  of  oxy- 
gen in  a compound  than  in  the  corre- 
sponding one  the  name  of  which  ends  in 
-ic.  Compare  nitric,  nitrous , sulphuric, 
sulphurous,  etc. 

Ov.  = O'vum.*  “An  egg.” 

©'va,*  the  plural  of  Ovum,  which  see. 
©vaire.  See  Ovarium. 

O'val.  [©va'lis;  from  o'vum , an 
“egg.”]  Broadly  elliptical,  resembling 
the  longitudinal  section  of  an  egg;  egg- 
shaped. 

O-val-i-fo'li-ws.*  [From  ova'lis , 
“oval,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
oval  leaves:  ovalifo'lious. 

©-va-ri-al'gi-a.*  [From  ova'rium , 
an  “ovary,”  and  liXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain 
in  the  ovary. 

©-va-rl-al'gic.  [Ovarial'gicus.] 

Belonging  to  ovarialgia. 

O-va'rl-an.  [©varia'nus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  ovary. 

©-va-ri'tis,  Idis*  [From  ova'rium , 
an  “ovary.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
ovary  or  its  membranes. 

© va-ry.  [©va'rium:  from  o'vum , 
an  “egg,”  or  “ovule,”  and  -a'rium,  a 
termination  signifying  “the  place  of 
any  thing.”  Compare  Herbarium,  etc.] 
Literally,  “the  place  of  the  ova.”  (Fr. 
Ovaire,  o'veR'.)  A flat,  oval  body,  con- 
nected with  the  uterus  by  the  broad 
ligament,  one  on  each  side,  and  contain- 
ing a number  of  vesicles,  or  ova.  Also, 
33* 


the  germen,  or  lower  part  of  the  pistil, 
containing  the  ovules  of  plants. 

O'vate.  [©va'tus;  from  o'vum , an 
“egg.”]  Egg-shaped;  or  resembling 
the  longitudinal  section  of  an  egg.  In 
reference  to  leaves,  it  has  the  latter 
meaning. 

©-vat-I-fo'li-us.*  [From  ova'tus, 
“ovate,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”]  The 
same  as  Ovalifolius,  which  see. 

O'vi-duct.  [©viduc'tus ; from 

o'vum,  an  “ egg,”  and  cluc'tus,  a “ canal.”] 
The  Fallopian  tube,  which  conveys  the 
ovum  from  the  ovary  to  the  uterus.  Also 
applied  to  the  duct  or  canal  which  termi- 
nates in  the  cloaca  of  birds  and  certain 
other  animals. 

O'vi-forin.  [©vifor'mis ; from 

o'vum,  an  “egg.”]  Having  the  shape 
of  an  egg;  egg-like. 

©-villus.*  [From  o' vis,  a “sheep.”] 
Belonging  to  the  sheep.  See  Adeps 
Ovillus. 

©-vi'nus.*  [From  the  same.]  Per- 
taining to  sheep:  o'vine. 

©-vip'a-rous.  [©vip'arus;  from 
o'vum,  an  “egg,”  and  pa'rio,  to  “bring 
forth.”]  Bringing  forth  or  producing 
eggs.  Applied  to  animals  which  pro- 
duce eggs,  instead  of  bringing  forth  liv- 
ing young. 

©-vl-po-si'tion.  [Oviposi'tio, 

o'nis ; from  o'vum,  an  “ egg,”  and  po'no, 
pos'itum,  to  “lay,”  to  “place.”]  The 
act  or  process  of  depositing  ova  by  the 
females  of  oviparous  animals. 

©-vl-pos'I-tor.*  [From  the  same.] 
A projecting  apparatus  formed  by  the 
last  annuli  of  the  abdomen  in  certain 
insects,  for  depositing  their  eggs. 

©'vis,*  plural  ©'ves.  Sheep.  The 
nameef  a genus  of  domesticated  animals, 
©visac.  See  Graafian  Follicle. 
©'void,  [©voi'des;  from  o'vum,  an 
“egg,”  and  rifog,  a “form.”]  Egg- 
shaped.  Applied  to  s ids. 

©-vo-vi-vip  a-rous.  [©vovivip'- 
arus ; from  o'vum,  an  “ egg,”  vi'vus, 
“living,”  and  pa'rio,  to  “bring  forth.”] 
Applied  to  an  oviparous  animal  in  whose 
body  the  ova  are  hatched  before  they 
are  brought  forth.  This  phenomenon  is 
observed  in  many  reptiles  ( e.g . the  viper), 
fishes,  certain  Mollusca , and  various  in- 
sects. 

©v'u-la,*  the  plural  of  Ov'ulum.  See 
Ovule. 

©v-«-la'ris.*  [From  ov'ulum , an 
“ovule.”]  Resembling  an  egg.  Applied 
to  the  grains  of  granulated  rock,  when 
of  the  size  of  a hen's  egg. 


385 


ovu 


OXY 


Ovulate. . [Ovula'tus.]  Having 
or  bearing  ovules. 

Ov-u-la'tion.  [Ovula'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  A kind  of  generation 
consisting  in  the  formation  and  separa- 
tion of  a membranous  sac  tilled  with 
nutritious  matter  from  the  female,  for  the 
reception  and  nutrition  of  a germ  sepa- 
rated from  the  male. 

O'vule.  [Ov'ulum ; diminutive  of 
o'vum,  an  “egg.”]  A little  egg.  Ap- 
plied in  Anatomy  to  the  unimpregnated 
germ  or  ovum ; also  to  the  rudimentary 
seed  of  a plant,  a small  body  formed  in 
the  ovary,  which  on  being  fertilized  by 
pollen  becomes  a seed. 

O'vum,*  plural  O'va.  [Gr.  &>bv\  Fr. 
CEuf,  uf.]  Literally,  “an  egg.”  Ap- 
plied to  the  vesicle  of  Baer,  contained  in 
the  Graafian  vesicle  of  the  ovary  of 
Mammalia.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  egg  of  the  Pha- 
sianus  gallus,  or  common  domestic  fowl. 

Ox.  = Ox'ymeJ. * See  Oxymel. 

Ox-a^'id.  [Oxa^'itlum ; from 

oxyye'nium,  “oxygen,”  and  ag'idum,  an 
“acid.”]  Acids  that  contain  oxygen,  as 
distinguished  from  those  formed  with 
chlorine,  etc. 

Ox'a-late.  [Ox'alas,  a'f/s.]  A 

combination  of  oxalic  acid  with  a base. 

Ox'a-lat-ed.  [Oxala'tus;  from 
ox' alas,  an  “oxalate.”]  Applied  to  a 
base  converted  into  a salt  by  combina- 
tion with  oxalic  acid. 

Ox-al'ic.  [Oxal'icus;  from  ox'a- 
lis,  “sorrel.”]  Belonging  to  wood-sorrel. 
Applied  to  a highly  poisonous  acid  ob- 
tained from  it,  also  from  sugar  and  other 
substances.  It  is  sometimes  called  acid 
or  essence  of  sugar. 

Oxalidacese,*  ox-a-le-da'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  found 
in  all  the  hot  and  temperate  parts  of  the 
world.  It  comprises  Ox' alls  (Sorrel), 
which  contains  nearly  pure  oxalic  acid. 

Ox'a-lis,  i clis*  [From  “sharp,” 
“sour.”]  Sorrel.  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Decandria,  natural  order  Oxali- 
dacese. 

Ox'alis  A-cet-o-sel'Ia.*  The  syste- 
matic name  for  the  wood-sorrel. 

Ox-a-Ju'rate.  [Oxalu'ras,a7/#.]  A 

combination  of  oxaluric  acid  with  a base. 

Ox-a-lu'ri-a.*  [From  ox' alas,  “ox- 
alate,” and  uri'na,  the  “urine.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a condition  in  which  the/  urine 
shows  the  presence  of  a quantity  of  ox- 
alate of  lime. 

Ox-a-lu'ric.  [Oxalu'ricus ; from 
oxalu'ria.']  Applied  to  an  acid  formed 
386 


from  parabanic  acid  when  brought  into 
contact  with  bases. 

Ox-i-elilo'rate.  [Oxyctilo'ras, 

a'fr#.]  A combination  of  oxichloric  acid 
with  a base. 

Ox«i-€hlo'ri(le.[OxychIorMum.] 

Applied  to  phosgene  gas,  termed  car- 
bonic oxichloride. 

©x-i-da-bili-ty.  [Oxydabil'itas, 

a 'tis;  from  ox'ydum,  an  “ oxide.”]  The 
capability  of  combining  with  oxygen. 

©xi-da-ble.  [Oxydab'ilis ; from 
the  same.]  Susceptible  of  combining 
with  oxygen. 

©x'l-dat-ed.  [Oxyda'tus ; from 
the  same.]  Combined  with  oxygen. 

©x-i-da'tion.  [Oxyda'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  combining  of  a 
certain  quantity  of  oxygen  with  metals 
or  other  substances. 

Ox  ide.  [Ox'ydum,  or  Ox'idum.] 
A compound  of  oxygen  with  a metal  or 
other  substance.  It  is  usually  applied 
to  those  compounds  of  oxygen  which  are 
not  acids. 

Ox'i-doid.  [Oxydoi'des ; from 

ox'ydum,  an  “oxide,”  and  tUog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  an  oxide.  Applied  to  oxi- 
dated bodies  which  are  neither  acids  nor 
salifiable  bases. 

©x-id'u-lat-ed.  [Oxydula'tus; 

from  oxyd'ulum.]  Having  an  inferior 
degree  of  oxidation. 

©x-M-u-Ia'tiou.  [Oxydula'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  the  same.]  Inferior  oxidation. 
Ox'i-dum,*gen.  Ox'i-di.  See  Oxide. 
©x-im'e-ter.  [Oxym'etrum;  from 
ox' y yen,  and  fxerpou,  a “measure.”]  A 
measurer  of  oxygen. 

©x-i'o-tline.  Iodic  acid,  a white, 
transparent  solid,  obtained  by  boiling 
iodine  with  nitric  acid. 

©x-u'rate.  [©xn'ras,  a 't/s.]  A 
combination  of  oxuric  acid  with  a base. 

©x-u'ric.  [Oxu'ricus;  from  ox'yyen, 
and  u'ric .]  Applied  to  the  superoxyge- 
nated  uric  acid  of  Yauquelin. 

Ox'y-a.*  [Gr.  o£t5a.]  A name  for 
the  Fa'yus  sylvat'ica,  or  beech-tree. 

©x-y-a-can'ttius.*  [From  d£v?, 

“sharp,”  and  dxavOa,  a “thorn.”]  Hav- 
ing numerous  sharp  thorns. 

Ox-y-ad'e-nus.*  [From  d£vj, 

“sharp,”  and  dd)jv,  a “gland.”]  Having 
pointed  glands.  Applied  to  certain  plants. 

Ox-y-aes-tlie'sl-a.*  [From  d£v>, 

“sharp,”  and  aiaOnoig,  “sense,”  or  “feel- 
ing.”] A term  for  increased  sensation. 
See  Oxyaphe. 

Ox-y'a-plie,*  or  Ox-^-a'phl-a.* 

[From  d£t5j,  “sharp,”  and  a<pfi,  “touch”] 


OXY 


OZO 


Acute  sense  of  touch;  excessive  sensi- 
bility of  touch. 

Ox-y-blep'sl-?.*  [From  o£vj, 

“sharp,”  and  (IXtiroi , to  “see.”]  Acute 
sight.  See  Oxyopia. 

©x-y-car'pous.  [Oxycar'pus; 
from  ofa,  “sharp,”  and  Kapnug,  ‘‘fruit.”] 
Having  acuminated  fruit  or  capsules. 

©x-y-coe'cos.*  [From  d£t5j,  “sour,” 
or  “sharp,”  and  kukkos,  a “berry.”]  A 
name  applied  to  the  cranberry-plant 
(the  Vaccin'ium  oxycoc'cos , or  Oxycoc'- 
cos pains' tris),  on  account  of  the  acidity 
of  its  fruit. 

Ox-yd'u-lum.*  [Diminutive  of 
ox'ydum , an  “oxide.”]  A body  in  an 
inferior  degree  of  oxidation. 

Oxydimi.  See  Oxide. 

Ox'y-g'en.  [Oxygeiiinm ; from 
“sharp,”  or  “sour,”  and  yewau,  to 
“produce.”]  (Fr.  Oxygene,  ok's6'zhen'  or 
ok'se'zh&n\)  An  elementary  substance 
universally  diffused  throughout  nature, 
being  a constituent  of  atmospheric  air, 
water,  most  of  the  acids,  and  all  bodies 
of  the  animal  and  vegetable  kingdoms. 
It  is  a permanent  gas  when  uncombined, 
©xyg-enabilis.  See  Oxidable. 
©x'y-£e-iiat-ecl.  [Oxygena'tus.] 
Combined  with  oxygen. 

Ox-y-ge-na'tion.  [Oxygena'tio, 
o'nis;  from  ox'ygen.]  Applied  to  every 
combination  with  oxygen : often  con- 
founded with  oxidation,  but  distinct  from 
it,  as  being  of  more  general  import, 
©xygfcne.  See  Oxygen. 
Ox-y-ge-nom  e-triim. The  same 
as  Oxymeter,  which  see. 

©x'y-mel,  el' l is  & [From  o\v;, 

“acid,”  and  julAc,  “honey.”]  A mixture 
of  vinegar  and  honey  boiled  to  a syrup. 

Ox-y-mu'ri-ate.  [©xymu'rias, 
a'fis.]  A combination  of  oxymuriatic 
acid  with  a base. 

Oxymuriate  of  Ume.  See  Chlo- 
ride of  Lime. 

Oxymuriate  of  Mercury.  See 

Corrosive  Sublimate. 

©x-y-mu-ri-at'ic  A$'id.  [A$'i- 
dnm  ©xyinuriat'icuin.]  The  name 
applied  by  Lavoisier  to  a substance  sup- 
posed to  be  a compound  of  muriatic  acid 
and  oxygen,  but  ascertained  by  Sir  H. 
Davy  to  be  an  elementary  body,  which 
he  termed  Chlorine. 

©x-y-o'pS-a.*  [From  “sharp,” 
and  oiip,  the  “eye.”]  Unusual  acuteness 
of  vision. 

©x-y-pho'ni-a.*  [From  6£v;,  “sharp,” 
or  ‘shrill,”  and  <pojrrj,  “voice.”]  A shrill 


or  squalling  voice;  a symptom  attend- 
ant on  certain  morbid  conditions  of  the 
larynx. 

©x-y-pliyl'Ius.*  [From  <5££s,  “ sharp,” 
and  (pv\\oi/f  a “leaf.”]  Having  acumi- 
nated leaves. 

©x-y-sac'clta-rum.*  [From  ofy, 
“sharp,”  “sour,”  and  sac'charum , “su- 
gar.”] A mixture  of  vinegar  and  sugar. 
When  it  contains  squills,  it  is  termed 
Oxysac' cha rum  set  i lit' i cum . 

©x'y-sal,  [From  ox'ygen , and 

sal,  a “salt.”]  An  oxysalt.  See  Oxy- 
salts. 

©x'y-salts.  Applied  to  certain  com- 
binations in  which  oxygen  is  found  both 
in  the  acid  and  base. 

©x-y-surplio-sal.*  A combination 
of  an  oxysalt  and  sulphosalt. 

©x-yt'o-cus.*  [From  o£vg,  “sharp,” 
“quick,”  and  tvkos,  “childbirth.”]  “ Ac- 
celerating parturition.”  Applied  to  ergot. 

©x-y-u'rus.*  [From  6£vg,  “sharp,” 
and  ovpa,  the  “tail.”]  A genus  of  en- 
tozoa. 

Oxyu'riis  Ver-mic-u-la'ris.*  For- 
merly, the  As'caris  Vermicula'ris;  called 
“ Thread-Worm ” (from  its  resemblance  to 
a piece  of  thread),  and  also  Maw-Worm.  A 
species  of  small  worm,  about  half  an  inch 
in  length,  having  a tail  tapering  to  a sharp 
point.  It  is  usually  found  in  the  rectum, 
often  occasioning  an  intolerable  itching 
in  the  anus.  The  best  treatment  for  this 
distressing  complaint  appears  to  consist 
in  injections  containing  oil  of  turpentine. 
Injections  of  whale  oil  have  also  been 
found  serviceable. 

©yster.  See  Ostrea. 

©ys'ter  Shells.  The  Teslse  ostrea - 
rum,  or  shells  of  the  Ostrea  edulis. 

©-zse'irn.*  [From  0T17,  a “stench.”] 
(Fr.  Ozene,  o'zen'  or  o'z&n'.)  A foul, 
stinking  ulcer  in  the  inside  of  the  nos- 
trils, discharging  a purulent  matter,  and 
sometimes  accompanied  by  caries  of  the 
bones. 

©'ze.*  [Gr.  6'^.]  A bad  smell  from 
the  mouth.  The  same  as  Ozostomia. 
©z£ne.  See  Oz^ena. 

©'zone.  [From  o\i),  a “stench.”]  A 
gaseous  substance,  the  true  nature  of 
which  is  not  well  known.  It  is  supposed 
to  be  a peculiar  modification  of  oxygen. 
Perhaps  a combination  of  nitrogen  and 
oxygen,  or  of  oxygen  and  hydrogen,  in 
new  proportions. 

©z-o-sto'ml-a.*  [From  oCr?,  a “stench,” 
and  GTOfui,  a “mouth.”]  The  same  as 
Oze,  which  see. 


387 


PAB 


PAI 


P. 


P.  An  abbreviation  for  pugil'lus,*  a 
“handful,”  or  pars*  a “part”  or 
“parts;”  also,  for  pul' vis*  “powder,” 
pon'dere ,*  “by  weight,”  pil'ula ,* 
“pill”  . 

Pab ' u-lum.  '-  [From  pas'co, to  “feed.”] 
Pood:  aliment;  sustenance. 

Pac-eSii-o  ni-se,  Glan  du-lae.^  Cer- 
tain small,  oval-shaped,  fatty  eminences 
under  the  dura  mater  and  along  the 
sides  of  the  longitudinal  sinus. 

Pa-rhonie-truBU.^  [From  t:  a\vg, 
“thick,”  and  pirpo.',  a “measure.”]  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  thickness 
of  the  glass  of  mirrors. 

Pik€h>u-lo'sis.$  [From  tt  a\v\6s, 
“ somewhat  thick  or  coarse.”]  Proposed 
by  E.  Wilson  as  a term  for  a chronic 
affection  in  which  the  skin  is  secondarily 
involved,  particularly  that  of  the  lower 
extremities,  and  the  epidermis  is  pro- 
duced in  abnormal  quantity. 

Pacli-y-se'ma,  sit  is*  [From  -rraxvp 
“thick,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”]  Thick  or 
curdled  blood. 

Pach-y-ai'iiii-a.^  [From  the  same.] 
Thickening  of  the  blood. 

Pacli-y-cem'i-ciis.*  Belonging  to 
jjachj/semia  : pachyem'ic. 

Paeli-y-ie'anus.*  [From  pachyse'ma , 
“thick  blood.”]  Having  thick  blood. 

Pach-y-bleplh-a-ro'sis.*  The  for- 
mation or  progress  of  paehy b lep harum. 

Paeli-y-blepfii'a-rum.*  [From  xaxvg, 
“thick,”  and  .8\ c^apo^,  the  “eyelid.”]  A 
thickening  of  the  eyelid,  particularly  to- 
wards the  border,  from  obstruction  of 
the  Meibomian  glands. 

Pa(‘li-y-car'iMos.:  [From  ttoxv;, 

“ thick,”  and  Kixp-og,  “ fruit.”]  Having- 
thick  fruit. 

Paeli-y-der'ma-ta,*  or  Paehy- 

den  bis.  [From  xaxvs,  “ thick,”  and 
dsppa,  the  “ skin.”]  An  order  of  Mam- 
malia, many  of  which  are  remarkable 
for  the  thickness  of  their  skins.  It  in- 
cludes the  rhinoceros,  the  elephant,  the 
tapir,  horse,  and  hog. 

Paeb-y-der'ma- tous.  [ Pachyder'- 
matus;  from  the  same.]  Thick-skinned. 
Applied  to  an  order  of  animals. 

Pa<*li-5r-nie'iia-a.:!:*  [From  Traxvg, 
“thick,”  and  ipr/v,  a “membrane.”]  A 
thickening  of  the  skin. 

Paeti-y-meii'I-cus.*  Belonging  to 
pacht/menia . 

Paeli-y-pliyl'lws.-  [From  naxvs, 

388 


“thick,”  and  </>vXX.w,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
thick  leaves. 

Pacb-y-po'miis.*  [From 
“thick,”  and  wua,  an  “operculum.”] 
Having  a thick  operculum.  Applied  to 
certain  plants. 

Paci'ni  (pd-chee'ne),  (’or'pus-^Ies 
of,  or  Pa-£in'i-an  Botf'ies.  [C'or'po- 
i-a  (or  €orpus'cuIa)  Pacinia'na^.] 

Numerous,  small,  pedunculated,  whitish 
bodies,  in  union  with  the  filaments  of 
the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  of  the 
hand  and  sole  of  the  foot : also  found  on 
other  nerves  of  the  cerebral  and  spinal 
systems,  and  on  the  great  sympathetic 
or  internal  ganglionic  nerve. 

Pa‘d-a r-tliroc' a- [From  r aigr  a 
“ child,” upQpov,  a “joint,”  and  *o/oj,  “ vice,” 
“disease.”]  Scrofulous  necrosis  of  the 
joints  in  children.  Sometimes  applied 
to  Spina  Yentosa,  which  see. 

Pseil-a-tro'plii-a.*  [From  k aig,  a 
“child,”  and  (irpopia , a “wasting.”]  Atro- 
phy of  children. 

Piecl-a-trophi-cias.*  Belonging  to 

psedatroph  ia. 

Pae-di-apEi'tfaa.*  [From  lradiov,  a 
“little  child,”  and  aph'thaJ]  The  ajditha, 
or  thrush,  of  infants. 

IPie-ili-a-tri'a,.-  [From  ~aTg,  a “child,” 
and  iarpua,  a “ healing.”]  The  treatment 
of  diseases  of  children. 

Pae-«li-at'ri-eifls.;;:*  Belonging  to  joe- 
diatria. 

Pae-cloin'e-truicii.-'-  [From  ra??,  a 
“child,”  and  perpov,  a “measure.”]  An 
instrument  for  ascertaining  the  length 
and  other  dimensions  of  infants : a pe- 
dom'eter. 

Pa^-doai-o-so-lo'g'i-a.'^  [From  n aig, 

7 raidog,  a “child,”  voaog,  a “disease,”  and 
\6yo;,  a “ discourse.”]  A consideration  of 
the  diseases  of  children:  pmdonosol'- 

°gy- 

Pa?-<loB»'o-siLis.:::'  [F rom  7raZV,  a “ child,” 
and  votfo;,  “ disease.”]  A disease  peculiar 
to  childhood. 

Pse-dopliflii-sis.*  [From  tt  aig,  a 
“ child,”  and  (pdiaig,  a “ wasting.”]  Tabes , 
or  wasting,  in  children. 

Psed-o-tro'phi-um.*  [From  naig,  a 
“child,”  and  rptyco,  to  “nourish.”]  An 
orphan  or  foundling  hospital. 

Pa&i-na.*  Literally,  a “page.”  Ap- 
plied in  Botany  to  the  surface  of  a leaf. 

Pal'di-ciu*,*  or  Psed'I-cus.*  [From 
tolls,  a “child.”]  Pertaining  to  children 


PAI 


PAL 


Painter's  Colic.  See  Colica  Pic- 
ton  um. 

Palaeontograpliia.  See  Paleontog- 

RAPHY. 

Palseontologia.  See  Paleontology. 

Pa-lse-o-sau  rus.*  [From  naXcuog, 
“ancient,”  and  oaupo >,  a “ lizard.”]  A 
fossil  lizard. 

Pa-lse-o-the'rl-um.**  [From  naXaiog, 
“ ancient, ” and  Onpio >,  a “ beast.”]  The 
fossil  relics  of  a group  of  pachyderma- 
tous animals  found  in  the  gypsum-quar- 
ries near  Paris,  and  in  various  parts  of 
France.  Ten  or  eleven  species  are  re- 
cognized, varying  from  the  size  of  a 
rhinoceros  to  that  of  a hog. 

Palseazoologia.  See  Paleozoology. 

Palais.  See  Palatum. 

Palate.  See  Palatum. 

Palate,  Hard.  See  Palatum  Du- 
rum, 

Palate,  Soft.  See  Palatum  Molle. 

Pal' a- tine.  [Palati'nus;  from 
pala' turn  du'ruin,  the  “hard  palate.”] 
Relating  to  the  palate-bone.  Applied 
to  the  palate-bone  itself. 

Pal-ador'rha-pliy.  [Palatorrlia'- 
pliia;  from  pala' turn,  the  “palate,”  and 
/5a/))7,  a “ suture.”]  The  operation  of 
uniting  by  suture  the  cleft  palate  ; nearly 
synonymous  with  Staphylorrhaphy. 

Pa-la' turn.*  (Fr.  Palais , p&'liP.) 
The  roof  of  the  mouth,  or  palate.  In 
Botany,  an  inward  projection  of  the 
lower  lip  of  a personate  corolla. 

Pala  tum  Du'ruin.**  (“  Hard  Pal- 
ate.”) The  fore  part  of  the  roof  of  the 
mouth,  formed  by  the  palate-bone. 

Pala' turn  Mol  le**  (“Soft  Palate”), 
called  also  the  Velum  Pala'ti*  (“Veil, 
or  Curtain,  of  the  Palate”).  The  soft, 
movable  septum,  or  fleshy  membrane, 
attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
palate,  and  situated  between  the  mouth 
and  the  pharynx. 

Pa'le-a.i:*  [From  Pi'les,  the  goddess 
of  pasturage.]  Chaff*;  one  of  the  inner 
bracts  or  glumes  of  grasses,  or  one  of 
the  bracts  on  the  receptacle  of  Composite. 

Pa-le-a'ceous.  [Palea'ceus;  from 
pa'lea,  “chaff.”]  Chaffy;  of  the  nature 
or  appearance  of  chaff. 

Pa'le-ar.*  [From  pa'lea,  “chaff,” 
also  the  “ wattles”  of  a fowl.]  The  dew- 
lap of  oxen  : named  on  account  of  its 
supposed  resemblance  to  the  wattles  of 
a fowl.  See  next  article. 

Pa'lear  Lax'um,i:  [From  lax'us, 
“loose.”]  The  dewlap  (which  is  so  named 
because  when  the  animal  grazes  it  laps 
the  dew),  more  especially  the  loose  por- 


tion of  it;  the  thick  membranous  fold 
which  hangs  from  the  throat  of  the 
ox. 

Pa'le-I-form.  [Paleifor'mis;  from 
pa'lea , “ chaff*.”]  Having  the  appear' 
ance  of  chaff. 

Pa-le-ol'o-gy.  [Palseolo'gia;  from 
naXcuog,  “ancient,”  and  Xoyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A discourse  on  antiquities,  or 
the  science  of  antiquities. 

Pa-le-ou-to-grapli'I-cal.  [Palse- 
ontograpli'icus.]  Belonging  to  palae- 
ontography. 

Pa-le-on-tog'ra-phy.  [Palreoaito- 
gra'pliia;  from  naXa:6g,  “ancient,” 
oVra,  “beings,”  and  ypu</>a>,  to  “write.”] 
A description  or  history  of  organized 
beings,  of  which  the  fossil  remains  alone 
are  extant. 

Pa-  le-on - to-log ' i-cal.  [Palseon to- 
log' icus.]  Belonging  to  paleontology. 

Pa-le-on-tol'o-gy.  [Palseoutolo'- 
gia;  from  -naXaio g,  “ancient,”  qjtol , 
“ beings,”  and  Xoyog,  a “ discourse.”] 
The  science  which  treats  of  fossil  organic 
remains. 

Pa-le-o-pSiy-tol'o-gy.  [Palseophy- 
tolo'gia;  from  -aXatdg,  “ancient,”  0vroy, 
a “ plant,”  and  X<iyo;,  a “ discourse.”] 
The  science  which  treats  of  fossil  remains 
of  plants. 

Pa-le-o-zo'ic.  [Palieozo'icus;  from 

7r aXcuog,  “ancient,”  and  ^coo^,  an  “ani- 
mal.”] Belonging  to  fossil  animals. 
Applied  to  the  fossiliferous  strata  of 
earlier  date  than  the  carboniferous  sys- 
tem and  the  mountain  limestone. 

Pa-le-o-zo-ol  o-gy.  [Palseozoolo'- 
gia:  from  naXaiog,  “ ancient,”  and  zoolo'- 
(jia,  the  “science  of  animals.”]  That 
branch  of  science  which  treats  of  the 
fossil  remains  of  animals. 

Pal  imp-sest.  [Pal  i mpses ' t us  ; 

from  ndXiv,  “again,”  and  ipjuo , to  “rub,” 
to  “ erase.”]  The  name  given  to  parch- 
ment from  which  one  writing  was  erased 
to  make  room  for  another.  Palimpsests 
were  used  in  the  time  of  Cicero,  who 
mentions  them  in  one  of  his  letters. 

Pal-la  di-urn.*  [From  Pal'las , PaV- 
ladis,  the  name  of  a planet;  see  Tel- 
lurium.] A ductile,  malleable,  and  very 
hard  metal,  found  associated  with  plati- 
num, which  it  resembles  in  color  and 
lustre.  Its  specific  gravity  is  about  11.8. 

Pal'li-ate.  [From  pal'lio , pallia'- 
turn,  to  “hide,”  or  “cloak”  (from pal' lium, 
a “cloak”).]  Originally,  to  “cloak,”  or 
“hide,”  as  a fault:  hence,  to  soften,  or 
mitigate.  See  next  article. 

Pal  li-a-tive.  [Palliati'vus : from 
389 


PAL 


PAL 


the  same.]  Relieving,  but  not  radically 
curative ; assuaging  ; mitigating. 

Pal-li-di-flo'rus.*  [From  pal'lidus, 
“pale,”  and  Jios,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  of  a pale  tint. 

PalSor.*  [From  pal'leo,  to  “be 
pale.”]  Paleness  ; loss  of  color. 

Palm  Oil.  [O  leum  Pal'mse.]  The 
product  of  a species  of  palm-tree,  called 
Elais  Guineensis. 

Pal'ma,*  gen.  Pal'mse.  [Gr.  irakaniq.'] 
The  palm  of  the  hand ; likewise,  the  hand 
itself.  (See  Thenar.)  Also,  a palm-tree. 

Pal  ma  CSiris'ti.*  A name  for  the 
Piy'inus  commu'nis,  or  castor-oil  plant. 

Palmaceay*  pal-ma'she-e  [from 
Pal’ma , a “palm-tree”],  or  Pal'ina?.* 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  trees  of 
great  beauty  and  value,  which  impart  a 
peculiar  character  of  grandeur  to  tropi- 
cal landscapes.  They  are  found  mostly 
between  35°  South  and  40°  North  lati- 
tude. Among  the  products  of  this  order 
are  palm  wine,  palm  oil,  sugar,  sago, 
dates,  cocoanuts,  timber,  thread,  and  the 
intoxicating  betel-nut.  According  to 
Humboldt,  it  also  produces  flour  and  salt. 
It  includes  the  Phoenix  (Date  Palm), 
Elais,  Cocos,  and  other  kinds  of  palm. 

Pal-ma'ceous.  [Palma'eeus;  from 
Pal'ma,  the  “ palm-tree.”]  Resembling 
the  palm-tree. 

Pal'mse,*  the  plural  of  Pal'ma,  form- 
ing the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Palmaceal 

Pal  mar.  [Lat.  Palma'ris,  from 
pal'ma,  “palm;”  Fr.  Palmaire, pai'meR'.] 
Belonging  to  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Pal' mar  Arcli.  Applied  to  each  of 
two  arches  formed  by  the  natural  dis- 
tribution of  the  blood-vessels  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand;  the  deep,  formed  by 
the  radial  artery ; and  the  superficial,  by 
the  ulnar  artery. 

Pal-ma'ris  Bre'vis.*  (“  Short  Pal- 
mar [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising  from 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  wrist,  and 
the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  inserted  into 
the  integuments  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 
It  is  sometimes  called  palmaris  cutaneus, 
or  “cutaneous  palmar  [muscle].” 

Palma'ris  Lon  gus.:i:  (“  Long  Pal- 
mar [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising  from 
the  inner  condyle  of  the  os  humeri  and 
spread  out  into  the  palmar  aponeurosis, 
which  is  finally  attached  to  the  roots  of 
all  the  fingers.  It  is  a flexor  of  the 
wrist. 

Palma'ris  Mag'nus.:}  (“Large 
Palmar  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  which 
arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
390 


humerus,  and  is  inserted  into  the  second 
metacarpal  bone.  It  bends  the  hand 
and  forearm. 

Pal  mate.  [Palma'tus ; from  pal'- 
ma, the  “hand.”]  Shaped  like  a hand; 
resembling  a hand  with  the  fingers 
spread.  A palmate  leaf  is  lobed  or  di- 
vided so  that  the  sinuses  all  point  to  the 
apex  of  the  petiole,  as  the  leaves  of  the 
maple. 

Pal'mate.  [Pal  mas,  a '?/*.]  A 
combination  of  palmic  acid  with  a base. 

Pal'mate-ly  Compound.  The 

same  as  Digitate. 

Palmately-Lobed.  [Palmati-lo- 

ba'tus ; from  jjalma'  tus,  “ palmate,”  and 
loba'tus,“  lobed.”]  Applied  to  palmately- 
veined  leaves  which  are  lobate. 

Pal'mately-Part'ed.  [Palmati- 
parti'tus;  from  palma'tus,  “palmate,” 
and  pjarti'tus , “parted.”]  Parted  as 
palmately-veined  leaves  the  sinuses  of 
which  reach  almost  to  the  base. 

Pal'mately-Veined.  The  same  as 
Radiated-Veined,  which  see. 

Pal-mat'i-tici.  [Palmatif'idus; 
from  palma'tus,  “palmate,”  and  fin' do,  to 
“ cleave.”]  Palmately-cleft.  Applied  to 
leaves. 

Pal-mat-i-filo'rus.*  [From  palma'- 
tus, “palmate,”  and  fios,  a “flower.”] 
Applied  to  heads  composed  of  flowers 
with  palmated  corols. 

Pal-ma-ti-fo'lfi-ous.  [Palinatifo'- 
lius;  from  palma'tus,  “palmate,”  and 
fo'lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having  palmated 
leaves. 

Pal-mat  l-form.  [Palmatilor'- 

mis;  ixova  palma'tus,  “ palmate.”]  Hav- 
ing the  form  (or  resemblance)  of  some- 
thing palmate;  somewhat  palmate. 

Pal-mat  i-sect.  [Palmatisec'tus ; 
from  palma'tus,  “ palmate,”  and  sec'tus, 
“cut.”]  Palmately-divided.  Applied  to 
a palmately-veined  leaf  when  the  in- 
cisions reach  to  the  base. 

Palmatus.  See  Palmate. 

Pal-mic'o-lus.*  [From  pal'ma,  the 
“palm-tree,”  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”] 
Growing  on  the  palm-tree.  Applied  to 
plants. 

Pal-mif 'er-ous.  [Palmif 'orus ; 

from  pal'ma,  a “ palm-tree,”  and  fie'ro, 
to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  palms. 

Pal-mi-fo'll-us.*  The  same  as  Pal- 
mati  folio  us,  which  see. 

Pal-mi-l‘or'mis.*  The  same  as  Pal- 
matiformis,  which  see. 

Pal-mi-ner'vis.*  [From  pal'ma,  a 
“palm,”  or  “hand,”  and  ner'vus,  a 
“ nerve.”]  A term  sometimes  applied 


PAL 


PAN 


to  radiated-veined  leaves : palininer'- 
vate. 

PAl'mi-ped.  [Pal'mipes,  p'e^'s; 
from  paVma,  a “palm,”  or  “ hand/’  and 
pes,  a "foot.”]  Having  palmated  feet; 
web-footed. 

Pal-mipe-des.*  [The  plural  of 
Pal'mipes,  which  see.]  A name  for  an 
order  of  birds;  also  called  Natatores. 

Pal  mu-la.  : [Diminutive  of pal’ma, 
a “palm.”]  Literally,  “a  little  hand,” 
or  “little  palm.”  Applied  to  the  flat 
broad  end  of  a rib,  like  the  leaf  of  a palm : 
pal'mule.  Also,  the  Dactylus , or  date. 

Pal-mu-la' tus,*  [From  pal'mulaJ] 
Having  palmules. 

PalodeVaca,p5,'lod^  vd'ki.  (“  Cow- 
tree.”)  The  Spanish  name  of  the  Gcilac- 
toden'dron  U'tile,  a tree  which  produces 
an  agreeable  and  nutritious  milky  sap, 
called  vegetable  milk.  It  is  a native  of 
Venezuela. 

Pal-pa'lis,*  Pal-pa 'tans.*  [From 
pal' pus,  a “feeler.”]  Having  palpi: 
pal'pal:  pal'pate. 

Pal-pa'tton.  [Palpa'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  paVpo , palpa'tnm,  to  “ handle 
gently,”  to  “ feel.”]  Examination  by 
the  hand,  or  touch.  See  Exploration. 

P&l'pe-bra,*  plural  Pal'pe-bwe. 
(Fr.  Paupitre , po'pe-en'.)  The  eyelid. 

Fal'pe-brac,*  gen.  Pal-pe-bra'rmn, 
the  plural  of  Palpebra,  which  see. 

Pal'pe-bral.  [Palpebra'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  eyelid. 

Pal'pe-brate.  [Palpebra' tus ; from 
paVpebra , the  “eyelid.”]  Having  pal- 
pebrse. 

gen.  Pal-po'rwm,  the  plural 
of  Palpus,  which  see. 

Pal-pif 'endows.  [Pallpif 'eriis;  from 
pal' pus,  a “ feeler,”  and fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  having  palpi. 

Pal 'pi-form.  [PaSpifor'mis ; from 
pal' pus,  a “ feeler.”]  Having  the  form 
of  a palpus. 

Pa!-p£g'er-us.**  [From  pal' pus,  a 
“ feeler,”  and  ge'ro,  to  “ bear.”]  The 
same  as  Palpiferous,  which  see. 

Pal-2M-ta'ti<m.  [Palpita'ti®,  o 'nis; 
from  pal'pito,  palpita'tum,  to  “throb.”] 
Convulsive  motion  of  a part.  Applied 
especially  to  the  rapid  action  of  the 
heart.  A genus  of  the  order class 
Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Palpus,-  plural  Pal 'pi.  [From 
pal'po,  to  “ feel,”  or  “ touch.”]  A feeler. 
Applied  to  the  articulated  filaments  at- 
..ached  to  the  jaws  or  lower  lip  of  certain 
Crust  acese,  Arachnides,  and  Insect  a,  ap- 
parently employed  by  the  animal  in 


recognizing  its  food.  The  palpus  must 
not  be  confounded  with  the  antenna > 
also  termed  a feeler.  See  Antenna. 

Palsy.  See  Paralysis. 

Pa-lu-dic'o-lus.*  [From  pa’lul. 
palu'dii , a “marsh,”  or  “stagnant  wa- 
ter,” and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”]  Growing 
or  living  on  the  margins  of  ponds  in 
marshy  grounds. 

Pa-Sji(!ose.  [Paludo'sus;  from 
pa' lus,  a “ marsh,”  or  “ stagnant  water.”] 
Marshy,  or  fenny;  growing  or  living  in 
marshes. 

Pa-lus'trinc.  [From  the  same.]  The 
same  as  Paludose,  which  see. 

Pam-pin'i-form.  [Pampinifor'- 
uiis  ; from  pam'jiinus,  a “tender  shoot,” 
or  “tendril  of  a vine.”]  Having  the 
appearance  of  a tendril. 

Pan-a-^e'a.*  [Gr.  navaKeia  ; from  nag, 
“all,”  and  dKzopai,  to  “cure.”]  A pre- 
tended remedy  for  every  disease. 

Paaaaeea  Lapsonmi.  Sec  Arnica 
Montana. 

Pa-usi'clo,  or  Pa-na'da.  [From  pa’ - 
nis,  “bread.”]  Bread  boiled  in  water  to 
a pulpy  consistence. 

Pa 'bi ax.*  Ginseng.  The  Pharma- 
copoeia! name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
the  Pa’nax  quin  que/o' Hum.  It  is  an 
aromatic  stimulant,  and  is  prized  by  the 
Chinese  for  its  supposed  power  of  in- 
creasing virility. 

Pail'cre-as,  a tisN  [From  nag,  navrbg, 
“all,”  and  Kpeag,  “flesh.”]  A long,  flat, 
glandular  viscus  in  the  epigastric  region, 
somewhat  resembling  a dog’s  tongue. 
The  sweet-bread  in  the  lower  animals. 

Pan-cre-a-tal'g'I-a.*  [From  ndy- 
xpeag,  the  “ pancreas,”  and  a\yog,  “ pain.”] 
Pain  in  the  pancreas:  pan'creatalgy. 

Pan-cre-at'ic.  [Paucreaticus.] 
Belonging  to  the  pancreas. 

Paaiereat'ic  Poet.  The  duct  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  numerous  excretory 
ducts  proceeding  from  the  lobules  of  the 
pancreas. 

Panereat/ie  JFoice.  The  peculiar 

fluid  secreted  by  the  pancreas. 

Paai-cre-a-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From 
creas .]  Inflammation  of  the  pancreas. 

Paai-cre-a-ton 'cos.*  [From  nay  Kpeag, 
and  dyicog,  a “tumor.”]  A hard  tumor 
of  the  pancreas. 

Pandauacese,  * p a n - d a-n  a ' sh  e-  e . 
[From  Pan’danns,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  trees  or 
shrubs,  found  in  tropical  regions.  It  irn- 
cludes  the  Carludovi'ca , from  the  leaves 
of  which  Panama  hats  are  made. 

Pan-de'mi-a.*  [From  ndg,  “all,” 

391 


PAN 


PAP 


and  6i)uog,  the  “people.”]  A disease 
which  affects  the  people  of  a country 
generally.  See  Epidemic. 

Pan-dem  sc.  [Pamiem'icas;  from 
the  same.]  The  same  as  Epidemic. 

Paii-<lic-u-lla  tiou.  [PaaMiaeula  - 
ti©,  ©'ms;  from  pandic' uUtr,  pandicula' - 
tus,  to  “stretch,”  to  “yawn.”]  The  act 
of  yawning  or  gaping. 

Pan-<lu  ri-form.  [Pandurifor'- 
mis;  from  pa  ndu'ra,  a “musical  instru- 
ment,” a “ violin”?]  Resembling  a vio- 
lin : fiddle-shaped. 

Paugiaeese,  * pan-je-a'she-5.  [From 
Punyium,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees,  found 
in  the  hotter  parts  of  India.  They  are 
all  poisonous. 

Pan'I-cle.  [Panic'nla?  diminutive 
of  pa' nun,  the  “woof  wound  on  the 
quill  in  the  shuttle.”]  A form  of  inflo- 
rescence ; a raceme  the  branches  of  which 
bear  each  more  than  one  flower. 

Pa-uic'u-late.  [Panicula'tus.] 
Having  panicles. 

Pau-ic-u-li-f©r'mis.*  [From  pa- 
nic'ula,  a “ panicle.”]  Having  the  form 
of  a panicle. 

Pa'nis.*  (Fr.  Pain,  paN«.)  A Latin 
term  signifying  “bread.”  It  occurs  in 
the  following  phrases: — Pa'nis  tritig' eus, 
“ wheaten  bread ;”  mi'  ca  pa'nis,  a “crumb 
of  bread ;”  jia'nis  tos'tus,  “ toasted  bread,” 
for  making  toast-water;  pa'nis  furf  ura' - 
ecus,  “ bran-bread pa'nis  biscoc'tus 
(i.e.  “twice-baked”),  “biscuit;”  pa'nis 
nau'ticus,  “ sea  bread  or  biscuit.” 

Pan-nic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of- 
pan' nus,  “cloth.”]  A pan'nicule.  Ori- 
ginally, a “small  cloth,”  or  “piece  of 
cloth.”  Usually  applied  to  a membrane 
or  covering;  but  sometimes  to  a disease 
of  the  eye.  See  Pannus. 

Pan  nic' ulus  AtM*j)o'sns.:i:  Adi- 
pose membrane. 

Pannic'ulus  Cor'dis.*  (“  Covering 
of  the  Heart.”)  See  Pericardium. 

Pan' ill-form.  [Pannlfor'mis ; 

from  pan'nus,  “cloth.”]  Applied  to 
parts  of  a spongy,  thick  substance,  as 
certain  lichens. 

Pan'nus,*  or  Pan'num.*  [From 
nluo;,  a “ web  of  cloth.”]  Literally,  a 
“ cloth,”  or  “ rag.”  Sometimes  applied  to 
an  irregular  mark  on  the  skin;  also  to 
a thick  membranous  excrescence,  stretch- 
ing over  the  cornea.  A tent  for  a wound, 
or  soft  rag  for  covering  a wound. 

Pan'nus  Ves-I-ca- to ' rl  - us.* 
(“  Blistering  Cloth.”)  Prepared  by  di- 
gesting powder  of  cantharides  in  sul- 
392 


phuric  ether,  evaporating,  and  spreading 
the  oily  mass  which  remains,  melted 
with  twice  its  weight  of  wax,  on  cloth 
prepared  with  waxed  plaster. 

Pan-ta-mor ' plii-a.*  [From  nag, 

iravrdg,  “all,”  and  d[xop(pia , “shapeless- 
ness.”] Complete  deformity. 

Pan-tfa-mor'pBii-cus.*  Belonging 
to  pantamorphia:  pantamorphic. 

Pan-ta-nen-^e-plia'li-a.*  [From 
nag,  “all,”  and  anencepha'lia , a “defi- 
ciency of  brain.”]  Total  absence  of 
brain  in  a monster-foetus. 

Pan-ta^tro'plil-a.*  [From  nag, 

“ all,”  and  arpopia,  “ want  of  nourish- 

ment.”] Complete  innutrition. 

Paii-tat'ro-plius.*  [From  nag, 

“all,”  and  arpo^og,  “without  nourish- 
ment.”] Totally  without  nutrition. 

Pau-zo-o  ta-a,*  [From  nag , “all,” 
and  i&ov,  an  “ animal.”]  See  Epizooty. 

Pa-pa'ver,er?s.*  (Fr.  Pavot,  p&' vo'.) 
The  Poppy.  A Linnsean  genus  of  the 
class  Polyandria,  natural  order  Papa- 
veracese . Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
||  for  the  capsules  of  the  Papaver  som- 
niferum. 

Papa 'verAl 'bum.*  Another  name 
for  the  Papaver  somni/erum. 

Papaver  Er-rat'i-cum.*  Another 
name  for  the  Papaver  rhoeas . 

Papa  ver  Rlsce'as.*  The  red  corn 
poppy.  The  juice  possesses  narcotic  pro- 
perties ; but  it  is  little  used  as  a medicine. 

Papa'ver  Som-nif'er-um.*  The 
white  poppy,  from  which  opium  is  ob- 
tained. 

Papaveracese,*  pa-pav-e-ra'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(herbs  or  shrubs),  nearly  two-thirds  of 
which  are  natives  of  Europe.  They  are 
generally  narcotic.  The  order  includes 
the  Papa'ver  (Poppy),  Argemo'ne,  and 
Sanyuina'ria  (Blood-root).  Opium  is 
the  inspissated  juice  of  the  Papa’ver 
somnif'erum. 

Pa-pa  v-e-  ra ' ceons.  [ Pa  pavera'- 

ceus:  from  papa'ver,  a “poppy.”]  Re- 
sembling the  poppy.  Applied  to  an  order 
of  plants.  See  Papaverace^e. 

Pa-pav'e-rate.  [Papav'eras,aV?».] 
A combination  of  papaveric  acid  with  a 
base.  The  same  as  Meconate. 

Pa-pav'er-in.  [Papaveri'na ; 
from  papa'ver,  a “ poppy.”]  A new  base 
discovered  in  opium. 

Pa-paw'.  The  Car'ica  Papa'ya,  a tree 
with  a milky  juice,  containing  fibrin  in 
such  abundance  that  the  juice  bears  a 
remarkable  resemblance  to  animal  mat- 
ter.— (Hoblyn.)  The  juice  and  seed  are 


PAP 


PAR 


considered  to  possess  anthelmintic  pro- 
perties. 

Papayaceae,*  pa-pa-ya'she-e.  A nat- 
ural order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
natives  of  tropical  and  temperate  re- 
gions. It  includes  the  Car'ica  Papa'ya 
(Pa paw),  the  fruit  of  which  is  eatable 
when  cooked,  and  is  used  as  a vermifuge. 

Pa-pil-i-o-na/ceous.  [Papilio- 
na'ceus;  from  papil'io,  a “butterfly.”] 
Resembling  a butterfly,  as  the  flowers 
of  leguminous  plants.  Applied  to  a form 
of  polypetalous  corolla  with  five  dis- 
similar petals,  as  in  the  pea. 

Pa-pil'la,*  plural  Pa-pil'l*.  [From 
\ pap'ula , a “pimple.”]  Originally,  a 
“pimple.”  Usually  applied  to  the  minute 
eminences  on  various  surfaces  of  the 
body,  consisting  of  the  terminations  of 
nerves  with  their  accompanying  vessels, 
as  the  papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Pa-pi  1' lay*  gen.  Pap-il-la'rum, 
the  plural  of  Papilla,  which  see. 

Papillae Cir-cum-val-la'tse.*  Situ- 
ated on  the  dorsum  of  the  tongue,  near 
its  root,  and  forming  a row  on  each  side 
which  meets  its  fellow  at  the  middle 
line,  like  the  two  branches  of  the  letter 
A.  They  resemble  cones  attached  by 
the  apex  to  the  bottom  of  a euj>- shaped 
depression,  and  are  hence  named  calyci- 
formes.  This  cup-shaped  cavity  forms 
a kind  of  fossa  around  the  papillae,  and 
hence  they  are  called  circumvullatae  ( i.e . 
“fortified  around”). 

Papillae  Med-ul-la'res.*  (“Me- 
dullary Papillae.”)  Small  eminences  on 
the  Medulla  oblongata . 

Papillae  Re  Is  is.*  (“  Papillae  of  the 
Kidney.”)  Applied  to  the  apices  of  the 
Tubuli  uriniferi  of  the  kidney,  arranged 
into  eight  or  ten  conical  fasciculi ; called 
also  papillary  caruncles. 

Pap'il-la-ry.  [Papillaris;  from 
papiVla .]  Belonging  to  the  nipple. 

Papillary  Ca-run'cles.  A name 
for  the  Papillae  reuis. 

Pap'il-late.  [Papilla'tus;  from 
papil'la.]  In  Botany,  bearing  small, 
soft  projections. 

Pap-il-lif  'er-ous.  [Papillif'erus; 

from  papil'la,  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  papillae. 

Pa-pi  lli-form.  [Papillifor 'mis ; 

from  papil'la .]  Resembling  a papilla. 

Pap-i  1-lo'ma,*  plural  Pap-il-lom'- 
ft-ta.  [From  the  same.]  The  name  of 
a tumor  arising  on  the  skin,  or  surface 
of  the  body,  from  a morbid  transforma- 
tion of  the  papillae.  The  wart  is  an  ex- 
ample of  this  kind. 

34 


Pap-il-lose'o  [PapDllo'sus;  from 

the  same.]  The  same  as  Papillate. 

Pap-piff'er-us.*  [From  pap' pus, 
“down,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bear- 
ing down,  wool,  or  hair:  pappif'erous. 

Pap-pa-£or  mis.*  [From  pap' pus, 
“down.”]  Having  the  appearance  of  a 
tuft  of  wool  or  small  feather. 

Pap-pose'.  [Pappo'sus;  from  the 
same.]  Having  a pappus;  downy. 

Pap' pus.*  [Gr.  tra-niros,  “down  of 
thistles*”  etc.]  The  first  downy  beard 
on  the  cheek  or  chin.  Also,  a tuft  of  hairs 
attached  to  the  seed  of  certain  plants. 

Pap  u-lay*  plural  Pap'u-la?.  [Di- 
minutive of  pa' pa,  a “teat.”]  A pimple; 
a round  protuberance,  soft  and  full  of  an 
aqueous  fluid,  formed  by  a little  pocket 
of  the  epidermis.  A small,  acuminated, 
inflamed  elevation  of  the  skin ; a wheal. 
Applied  in  the  plural  to  an  order  of 
Willan’s  arrangement  of  skin-diseases. 

Pap-u-lif 'er-ous.  [Papulif 'erus ; 
from  pap'ula,  a “pimple,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“ bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  papulae. 

Pap'u-lous.  [Papulo'sus ; from 
pap'ula,  a “pimple.”]  Pertaining  to 
pimples:  covered  with  pimples. 

Pap-y-ra'ceous.  [Papy  ra'ceus ; 
from  Papy'rus,  an  Egyptian  plant;  also, 
“paper.”]  Resembling  papyrus  or 
paper;  having  some  analogy  to  paper  in 
thickness  and  consistence.  Applied  to 
many  shells. 

^^-py'ri,*  the  plural  of  Papyrus. 
The  name  given  to  the  written  scrolls 
made  of  the  papyrus,  found  in  Egj7pt, 
Herculaneum,  etc. 

Pa-py  rus,;i:  plural  Pa-py'ri.  The 

Cype'rus  Papy'rus.  A cyperaceous 
plant,  whose  soft,  cellular  flower-stem  af- 
forded the  most  ancient  material  of  which 
paper  was  made.  It  was  abundant  in 
the  valley  of  the  Nile.  See  Papyri. 

Par  ^erv©'rum.*(“  Pair  of  Nerves.”) 
See  Paria  Nervorum. 

Par  Ko'nuiu.*  (“Ninth  Pair.”)  An 
encephalic  nerve  which  sends  filaments 
to  the  pharynx  and  portions  of  the  neck, 
but  especially  to  the  tongue,  whence  it 
has  been  variously  termed  the  lingual, 
gustatory , and  hypoglossal  nerve. 

Par  Oclavuin.  See  Pneumogas- 
TRIC. 

Par  Primum.  See  Olfactory 

Nerves. 

Par  (tMai  tiim.  See  Pathetic. 

Par  Qumguui.  See  Trigemini. 

Par  Secuucium.  See  Optic  Nerve. 

Par  §epiimum.  See  Seventh 
Pair. 


393 


PAR 


PAR 


Par  Sextum.  See  Sixth  Pair. 

Par  Tertium.  See  Motores  Ocu- 

LORUM. 

Par  Va'gum.':?  (The.  “ Wandering 
Pair.”)  A name  of  the  eighth  pair  of 
nerves.  See  Pneumogastric. 

Pa  ra  (napa).  A Greek  preposition, 
signifying  “from  or  by  the  side  of;” 
“near;”  “beyond.”  When  combined 
with  other  words,  it  often  signifies 
“amiss,”  or  “wrong.” 

Par-a-blas'ta.*  [From  napa,  “be- 
side,” “from  the  side  of,”  and  pXaarrj,  an 
“offshoot.”]  A sucker  or  offshoot.  Also, 
disease  with  anatomical  conversion  or 
alteration  : a parablast. 

Piir-a-blejVsis.*  [From  napa, 

“amiss,”  and  PXsipig,  a “looking,” 
“ vision.”]  False  vision. 

Pa-rab'o-la.*  [Gr.  napaSoXrj ; from 
napaSaXX co,  to  “ throw  beside,”  to  “place 
side  by  side.”]  One  of  the  conic  sections, 
formed  by  the  intersection  of  a cone 
with  a plane  parallel  to  one  of  its  sides. 
It  is  the  curve  which  would  be  described 
by  a projectile  in  a vacuum. 

Par-a-bys'ma,  at  is.*  [From  napa- 
Svoa,  to  “stuff.”]  Turgescence  of  a part. 

Par-a-bys'ti-a.*  [From  the  same.] 
A stuffing  in  or  insertion. 

Par-a-$en-te'sis.*  [From  napaKsvreu), 
to  “pierce  at  the  side.”]  The  operation 
of  tapping  the  thorax,  abdomen,  etc.,  to 
discharge  the  fluid,  as  in  hydrothorax, 
ascites , empyema,  etc. 

Par-a-cu'sis.*  [From  napa,  “amiss,” 
“wrong,”  and  dxovoj,  to  “hear.”]  De- 
praved or  defective  hearing.  A genus 
of  the  order  Dyssesthesise,  class  Locales, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Paracu'sis  I-ma£-i-na'rI-a.*  The 
hearing  of  imaginary  sounds,  not  exist- 
ing without,  but  excited  within  the  ear. 

Paracu  sis  Im-per-fec'ta.*  Deaf- 
ness, or  inability  to  hear  sounds  as  usual. 

Par-a-^y-e'sis.**  [From  napa,  “be- 
yond,” and  Kvpmg,  “ pregnancy.”]  Preter- 
natural or  morbid  pregnancy. 

Par-jes-the'si-a,i:  or  Par-ics-the'- 
sis.*  [From  napa,  “amiss,”  “wrong,” 
and  aitr%cnq,  “sensation.”]  Morbid  or 
depraved  sensation. 

Pdr'af-fin,  or  Par'af-fine.  [Par- 
afli'na;  from  pa' rum,  “little,”  and 
ajjh'nis,  “related,”  or  “inclined  to  unite.”] 
A white,  crystalline  substance,  without 
taste  or  smell,  obtained  from  petroleum, 
wood-tar,  and  other  materials.  It  is 
solid  at  the  common  temperatures,  is 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  resists 
the  action  of  acids,  alkalies,  etc.  It  re- 
394 


ceives  its  name  from  its  little  affinity  for 
other  substances.  It  is  used  for  making 
candles,  and  for  various  other  purposes 
for  which  wax  is  employed. 

Par-a-geu'sis,  i:  or  Par-a-geii  si-a.  i5 
[From' napa,  “ amiss,”  and  yevu,  to  “ taste.”] 
Morbid  or  depraved  taste. 

Par-a-guay'  Tea.  The  product  of 
the  I' lex  Paraguay en' sis,  a plant  grow- 
ing in  South  America.  The  leaves  have 
a balsamic  odor  and  a bitter  taste,  which 
is  disagreeable  to  those  unaccustomed  to 
it.  They  are  said  to  contain  a principle 
identical  with  thecaffein  of  coffee  and  tea. 

Par'al-lax.  [Parallax'is ; from 
napdXXa^ig,  a “change,”  a “difference.”] 
Literally,  a “change.”  A change  of  place, 
or  of  aspect.  The  term  is  used  to  denote 
the  difference  between  the  apparent  place 
of  a celestial  body  and  its  true  place,  or 
that  in  which  it  would  be  seen  if  the 
observer  were  placed  at  the  centre  to 
which  the  motion  is  referred. — (Brande.) 

Par'al-lel.  [Paralle'lus;  from 
napa,  “beside,”  and  dXXiiXuv,  “each 
other.”]  Having  the  same  direction, 
and  equally  distant  from  each  other  in 
all  their  extent,  as  parallel  lines. 

Par-al-lel-i-ner'vis^-  or  Par-al- 
Iel-I-ner'vI«us.*  [From  paralle'lus, 
“parallel,”  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”] 
Applied  to  leaves  of  which  the  nerves 
are  parallel,  or  nearly  so,  as  in  all  endo- 
genous plants. 

Par-al-lel'o-g-ram.  [Parallelo- 
gram  itia ; from  napaXXrjXog,  “equally 
distant,”  and  ypapp u,  a “line.”]  Any 
quadrilateral  figure  whose  opposite  sides 
are  parallel. 

Par'allel-Veined.  [Parallelive- 
nossis;  from  paralle'lus,  “parallel,” 
and  ve'na,  a “vein.”]  Applied  to  leaves 
which  are  marked  by  parallel  veins 
running  from  the  base  to  the  apex.  Such 
leaves  are  characteristic  of  endogenous 
plants. 

Paralyse.  See  Paralytic. 

Paralysie.  See  Paralysis. 

Pa-ral'y-sis.*  [From  napaXvco,  to 
“loosen,”  also,  to  “disable.”]  (Fr.  Para- 
lysie, p&'r&'le'zi'.)  Palsy.  A disease 
characterized  by  loss  or  great  diminution 
of  the  power  of  voluntary  motion,  affect- 
ing any  part  of  the  body.  A genus  of 
the  order  Comata,  class  Neuroses,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 

Paral'ysis  A&'I-tans.*  The  “sha- 
king palsy.” 

Paralysis  Hem-l-pleg'I-ca.* 

Palsy  of  one  half  or  side  of  the  body. 
See  Hemiplegia. 


PAR 


PAR 


Paral'ysis  Par-a-ple&'I-ca.* 

Palsy  of  one  half  (usually  the  lower  part) 
of  the  body.  See  Paraplegia. 

Paral'ysis  Partia'lis*  (par-she-a'- 
lis).  “Partial  Paralysis.”  Palsy  of 
some  particular  muscle  or  nerve. 

Paral'ysis  Ven-e-na'ta.;f  Palsy 
from  the  effects  of  some  poison. 

Par-a-lyt'ic.  [Lat.  Paraly t'icws ; 
Fr.  Paralyse,  pAVAleVA',  or  Paralytique , 
pAr&'le'tek'.]  Belonging  to  paralysis, 
or  affected  with  paralysis. 

Par-a-me'iM-a.**  [From  irapa, 

“amiss,”  and  pnveg,  the  “menses.”]  Dis- 
ordered menstruation. 

Par-a-mor'plii-a.*  [From  irapa, 
“amiss,”  and  pop:^,  “form.”]  Morbid 
structure.  Applied  to  organic  diseases. 

Par-a-ne-|>Iiri't£s,  i clis*  [From 
paran'ephrus.]  Inflammation  of  the 
suprarenal  capsules. 

Pa-rara'e-ptirus.*  [From  irapa, 
“beside,”  and  redpog,  the  “kidney.”]  A 
name  for  the  suprarenal  capsule. 

Ps\r-a-pEii-m©'sis.'::-  [From  irapa, 
“amiss,”  and  rpipdco,  to  “bridle.”]  A 
disorder  in  which  the  prepuce  is  con- 
stricted behind  the  glans  penis  and  can- 
not be  drawn  forward. 

Par-a-phi-mot'i-cws.*  Belonging 
to  paraphimosis. 

Par-a-pEio'm-a.*  [From  irapa, 

“amiss,”  or  “wrong,”  and  (poavrj , the 
“voice.”]  Change  or  alteration  of  the 
voice;  bad  voice.  A genus  of  the  order 
Dyscinesise  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Par-a-plec'ti-cws,*  or  Pav-a-plec'- 
tus.*  [From  irapa,  “amiss,”  and  irXijaaoj, 
to  “strike.”]  Paraplectic;  stricken  on  one 
side;  paralyzed;  also,  frenzy-stricken. 

IPair-a-ple'gi-a.*  [Gr.  irapairXriyia , a 
“benumbing  of  parts;”  from  irapa, 
“amiss,”  “wrong,”  and  irXrjvccj,  to 
“strike.”]  A paralytic  stroke  affecting 
one-half  of  the  body,  either  the  upper  or 
lower,  usually  the  lower;  also  termed 
Paralysis  paraplegica. 

Pair-a-pleg'ic.  [Parapfiegf'icus.] 
Belonging  to  paraplegia. 

Par-a-p©pti'y-sis,*  plural  Par-a- 
poplh'y-ses.  [From  irapa,  “near,”  “be- 
side,” and  dirofvcx),  to  “be  arisen  from.”] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  the  homologues  of 
the  lower  transverse  process  of  a ver- 
tebra. 

Pa-rap'sis.*  [From  irapa,  “amiss,” 
or  “wrong,”  and  capig,  “touch.”]  A 
generic  term  applied  by  Dr.  Good  to  the 
rarious  forms  of  morbid  or  defective 
sense  of  touch. 

Par-a-se-le'ni-a,*  or  Par-a-se-le'- 


ne.*  [From  irapa,  “beside,”  and  oeXfivri, 
the  “moon.”]  A luminous  phenomenon 
consisting  in  the  appearance  of  one  or 
more  images  of  the  moon. 

Par'a-site.  [Lat.  Parasi'ta;  Gr. 
irapdaiTog , “ong  who  lives  at  another’s 
expense.”]  Applied  to  a vegetable,  or 
animal,  that  draws  its  sustenance  from 
others;  the  one  living  on  or  in  the  bodies 
of  other  animals,  the  other  fixing  its 
roots  into  other  plants. 

Par-a-sit'i-cal.  [Parasit'icus ; 
from  parasi'tus , a “sponger,”  or  “para- 
site.”] (Fr.  Parasitaire,  p&'r&'z&'teR'.) 
Belonging  to  a parasite : parasitic. 

Par-a-si'tus.*  [Gr.  irapdoirog,  a 
“sponger,”  or  “parasite.”]  Applied  in 
the  plural  neuter  ( Parasi’ta ) to  an  order 
of  insects,  from  their  parasitical  habits. 

Par-a-spa'di-a.*  [Froni7rapa,  “from 
the  side,”  and  cirdo,  to  “draw.”]  An 
opening  of  the  urethra  upon  one  side  of 
the  penis. 

Pa-ras'ta-cEus.*  [From  irapaarag,  a 
“ series  of  pillars.”]  Applied  to  the  sterile 
filaments  between  petals  and  stamens. 

Par-as-ta-ti'tis.*  The  same  as 
Prostatitis,  which  see. 

Par-a-ste'inoM,  on/*.*  [From  irapa, 
“amiss,”  and  arrjpw,  a “stamen.”]  An 
altered  and  sterile  stamen. 

Par-a-sty'lns.*  [From  irapa,  “near,” 
and  arvXog,  a “pillar.”]  Applied  to  parts 
of  the  flower  which  resemble  pistils 
but  do  not  fulfil  their  functions  : a par'- 
astyle. 

Par-a-sys'to-le.*  [From  irapa, 

“amiss,”  and  omroXii,  a “ contracting.”] 
An  unusual  interval  between  the  pulsa- 
tions, or  between  the  systole  and  diastole 
of  the  heart  and  arteries. 

Par-at'o-mous.  [Parat'omus ; 
from  irapa,  “beside,”  and  repvcj,  to  “cut.”] 
Applied  to  the  cleavage  of  minerals  when 
the  planes  are  parallel  with  those  of  the 
fundamental  figure,  or  are  inclined  to  the 
axis. 

Pa-rec'ta-ma,  atis.%  [From  iraptK- 
Tdvw,  to  “stretch  out.”]  Excessive  ex- 
tension. 

Par-ec-taWi-cus.*  Belonging  to 

parectama : parectamic. 

Pa-rec ' ta-sis.*  [From  the  same.] 
A stretching  out;  extension. 

Par-e-gor'ic.  [Paregor'icus ; from 
iraprjyopecx),  to  “encourage,”  to  “soothe,” 
or  “ assuage.”]  Mitigating  or  assuaging 
pain. 

Paregor'ic  E-lix'ir.  The  Tinctura 
opii  camphorata.  Also  formerly  applied 
to  the  Tinctura  opii  ammoniata. 

395 


PAR 


PAR 


Pareira  (Sp.),  p&-ra'r&,  or  Parei'ra 
Bra  va.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
the  root  of  Cissampelos  pareira. 

Pareira  Brava,  p&-ra'r&  br§/v&. 
The  Spanish  name  for  the  root  of  Cis- 
sampelos  pareira. 

Par-en-$ep3i-a-li'tis,  i dis*  [From 
parenceph' alia,  the  “ cerebellum.’’]  In- 
flammation of  the  cerebellum. 

Pa-ren'eiiy-ma,  sitis*  [From  nap- 
eyxtu,  to  “pour  in  beside."’]  Originally 
applied  to  the  mass  of  tissue  lying  be- 
tween the  vessels  of  any  organ  or  part. 
This  mass  was  supposed  to  be  the  result 
of  an  effusion  of  blood  or  other  fluid. 
Now  applied  to  the  connecting  tissue  of 
the  viscera,  considered  as  distinct  from 
the  vessels,  ducts,  nerves,  etc.  In  Botany 
it  denotes  soft,  cellular  tissue,  such  as 
that  which  forms  the  green  pulp  of  leaves, 
and  the  outer  bark  of  stems. 

Pa-ren-cliy-mat'ic.  [Parencliy- 
inat'icus.]  Belonging  to  parenchyma. 

Par-en-eiiym-a-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From 
parenchyma.]  Inflammation  of  the 
parenchyma. 

Par-en-cSjym'a-tous.  [Paren- 
cliyiii'atiis,  or  Parenchymato'sus ; 

from  the  same.]  Applied  to  parts  or 
organs  formed  of  parenchyma. 

Pa-ren-eBiyan-ep-a-ti'tis,  ldis.% 
[From  paren'chyma,  and  hepatitis,  “in- 
flammation of  the  liver.”]  Parenchym- 
atous inflammation  of  the  liver. 

Par-ep-i-tliym'I-a.*  [From  napd, 
“ amiss,”  and  emOn/xia,  a “longing.”] 
Morbidly  changed  or  depraved  desires. 

Par'e-sis.*  [From -napiripi, to  “relax.”] 
The  paralysis  of  a part  from  debility. 

Pa-ret'ic.  Belonging  to  paresis. 

Par-he'll-©n.*  [From  -n apd,  “ near,” 
and  viXtog,  the  “ sun.”]  A mock-sun.  A 
meteor  consisting  in  the  simultaneous 
appearance  of  one  or  more  faint  images 
of  the  sun.  They  are  often  tinted  with 
prismatic  colors. 

Par'i-a  Ner-vo'rum.^  (“Pairs  of 
Nerves.”)  An  appellation  especially  ap- 
plied to  the  cranial  or  encephalic  nerves, 
of  which  there  are  reckoned  nine  pairs 
according  to  some  anatomists,  and  twelve 
pairs  according  to  others.  The  first  pair 
is  the  olfactory,  the  second  the  optic,  the 
third  the  oculo-motor,  and  so  on.  The 
portio  mollis  of  the  seventh  pair,  is  by 
some  writers  reckoned  as  the  eighth  pair ; 
so  the  two  portions  of  the  pneumogastric, 
or  eighth  pair  (proper),  are  considered  as 
two  pairs.  In  like  manner,  the  accessory 
nerve  of  Willis,  usually  reckoned  as 
belonging  to  the  eighth  pair,  is  counted 
396 


as  the  eleventh;  while  the  ninth  pair 
(proper)  becomes  the  twelfth. 

Pa'rl-es,*  plural  Pa-ri  e-tes.  The 
sides  or  walls  of  any  cavity  or  organ  are 
termed  its  parietes. 

Pa-ri  e-tal.  [Parieta'lis ; from 
pa' vies,  a “wall.”]  Belonging  to  the 
parietes  or  walls  of  any  cavity,  organ, 
etc. 

Pari'etal  Bones.  [Os'sa  Parie- 
ta'lia.]  The  two  quadrangular  bones 
forming  the  transverse  arch  of  the 
cranium. 

Pa-ri'e-tes,*  gen.  Pa-ri'e-tum,  the 

plural  of  Paries,  which  see. 

Par-i-pen'nate,  or  Par-i-pin'nate. 
[Paripenna'tus ; from  par , “equal,” 
and  pen'na , a “feather,”  or  “quill.”] 
Applied  to  a pennate  leaf  which  has  an 
even  number  of  leaflets,  and  has  none 
on  the  very  apex  of  the  petiole. 

Paripinnate.  See  Paripennate. 

Par-istli-mi'tis.*  [From  v apd, 
“near,”  and  iodpog,  the  “fauces.”]  In- 
flammation about  the  throat.  The  squin- 
cy,  or  squinancy , of  the  old  writers,  and 
the  quinsy,  cynanche,  or  angina,  of  the 
moderns. 

Par-oc-cip'i-tal.  [Paroccipita  '- 
lis;  from  napd,  “by  the  side  of,”  or 
“near,”  and  occipita'le  os,  the  “occipital 
bone.”]  Proposed  by  Owen  for  the  ele- 
ments of  the  occipital  segment  of  the 
cranium,  below  the  supraoccipital. 

Par-o-tlyn'i-a.*  [From  napa , “ amiss,” 
or  “ wrong,”  and  odvvn,  “ pain.”]  Morbid 
labor.  The  name  of  a genus  in  Good’s 
Nosology. 

Pa-rom'plia-lo-^ele.*  [From  -n apd, 
“near,”  oppaXog,  the  “navel,”  and  KfiXrj,  a 
“tumor.”]  Hernia  near  the  navel. 

Par-o-nir'i-jju*  [From  7r apd,  “ amiss,” 
and  oveipog , a “dream.”]  A generic  term 
applied  by  Dr.  Good  to  morbid  dreams, 
including  somnambulism,  nocturnal  pol- 
lution, etc. 

Par-o-n  yell  'i-a.*  [From  n apd, 

“near,”  and  oV>£,  the  “nail.”]  (Fr. 
Onglade,  ^Nfi'gl^d'.)  A collection  of  pus, 
or  an  abscess,  in  the  fingers;  the  disease 
termed  whitlow.  The  term  was  originally 
applied  to  a tumor  situated  near  or  under 
the  nail. 

Par-o-nyeti'i-cus.*  Belonging  to 

paronychia. 

Pa-rop'sis.*  [From  napd,  “amiss, > 
and  dipig,  “vision.”]  A generic  term  ap- 
plied by  Dr.  Good  to  disorders  of  the 
sense  of  vision;  false-seeing. 

Par-os 'in  is.*  [From  napd,  “amiss,” 
or  “ wrong,”  and  djy'j,  “smell.”]  Morbid 


PAR 


PAS 


or  depraved  smell.  The  name  of  a genus 
in  Good’s  Nosology. 

Pa-ros'ti-a.*  [From  napd,  “ amiss, ” 
or  “wrong,”  and  dartov,  a “bone.”]  De- 
fective ossification. 

Parotia,*  pa-ro'she-a.  [From  paro'- 
tis,  the  “parotid  gland.”]  The  same  as 
Parotitis,  which  see. 

Pjy-rot'id.  [Parotide'us,  or  Pa- 
rotidaVus;  from  napd,  “near,”  and  ovg, 
drog,  the  “ear.”]  Situated  near  the  ear. 
Applied  to  a gland. 

Parot  id  Duct.  [Ductus  Paro- 
tide'us.] See  Parotid  Gland. 

Parot  id  Gland.  [Gian'dula  Pa- 
rotide'a  (or  Parotidae'a),  or  Paro  - 
tis.]  The  large,  conglomerate,  salivary 
gland  under  the  ear.  Its  secretions  are 
discharged  through  the  parotid  duct  into 
the  mouth,  opposite  the  second  superior 
molar  tooth. 

Parotide.  See  Parotis. 

Parotidean  Plexus.  See  Pes  An- 
SERINUS. 

Par-ot-I-don 'eus.*  [From  napwrig, 
the  “parotid  gland,”  and  oysog,  a “tu- 
mor.”] Tumor  or  swelling  of  the  parotid 
gland,  commonly  termed  the  mumps. 
See  Parotitis. 

Par-ot-i-do-seir'rlms.*  [From 
n apcoTig,  the  “parotid  gland,”  and  atcifpog, 
an  “induration.”]  Scirrhous  hardening 
of  one  or  both  parotid  glands. 

Pa-ro'tis,  i clis*  [From  napd,  “near,” 
and  ovg,  orog,  the  “ear.”]  (Fr . Parotide, 
pi'ro't^d'.)  The  parotid  gland,  situated 
under  the  ear. 

Par-o-ti'tis,  i.dis.%  [From  paro'tis , 
the  “parotid  gland.”]  Inflammation  of 
the  parotid  gland,  popularly  termed  the 
mumps;  also  called  Cynan'  che  parotide'  a. 

Par'ox-ysin.  [Paroxys'mus ; 
from  napo^vva),  to  “ aggravate.”]  An  evi- 
dent increase  of  symptoms,  which  after 
a certain  time  decline;  a periodical  fit 
or  attack. 

Part,  aft*.  — Par' tern  affec’tam .*  “ The 
part  affected.” 

Part,  dolent.  = Par'tem  dolen'tem .* 
“The  part  in  pain.” 

Par-tiie-no-gen'e-sis.*  [From  nap- 
Ozvog,  a “virgin,”  and  yevco,  to  “be  born.”] 
The  successive  production  of  procreating 
individuals  from  a single  ovum.  In 
Botany,  the  formation  of  a perfect  seed 
without  the  agency  of  pollen. 

Par'tial  Pe'ti-ole.  The  stalk  of  a 
leaflet  of  a pinnate  leaf. 

Par'tial  Um'bel.  A part  of  a com- 
pound umbel ; an  umbellet. 

Par'tl-cle.  [Partic'ula;  diminu- 

34* 


tive  of  pars,  a “part.”]  An  atom;  a 
corpuscle;  the  minutest  part  into  which 
a body  can  be  mechanically  divided. 

Par'tite.  [From  par'tio , parti' turn, 
to  “part,”  or  “divide.”]  Parted,  or 
divided,  as  leaves  the  incisions  oi 
sinuses  of  which  reach  almost  to  the 
midrib. 

Par-tu'ri-ent.  [Fartu'riens, 

en 'tis;  from  partu'rio , to  “travail,”  to 
“ bring  forth.”]  Bringing  forth;  child- 
bearing. 

Par-tu-ri-fa'cient.  [From partu'rio, 
to  “bring  forth,”  and  fa'cio,  to  “cause.”} 
A medicine  which  facilitates  parturition. 

Par-t u-ri ' tion . [ Part u r i ' t io,  o ni s; 

from  partu'rio , parturi'tum , to  “bring 
forth.”]  (Fr.  Accouchement,  &'kooshv- 
mdNQ'.)  Expulsion  of  the  foetus  from 
the  uterus.  Also,  the  state  of  being  in 
childbed. 

Par' t us.*  [From  pci'rio,  par' turn,  to 
“bring  forth.”]  The  act  of  bringing 
forth  young,  otherwise  called  labor;  also, 
the  young  when  brought  forth : the  birth. 

Part.  vie.  = Parti' tis  vi\'ibus .*  “ In 

divided  doses.” 

Pa-ru'Iis,  i dis.%  [From  napd,  “ near,” 
or  “ by  the  side  of,”  and  ov\ov,  the  “ gum.”] 
Gum-boil.  Inflammation,  boil,  or  abscess 
of  the  gums. 

Pa-ru'rl-a.*  [From  napd,  “amiss,” 
and  ovpeoj,  to  “pass  urine.”]  Mismictu- 
rition,  or  difficulty  in  passing  urine. 

Par-Yagum.  See  Pneumogastric. 

Par-vl-flo'rus.*  [From  par'vus, 
“small,”  and  flos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
small  flowers. 

Par-vi-fo'H-us.*  [From  par'vus , 
“small,”  and  fa' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
small  leaves. 

Pas'sa.*  [Nominative  singular  femi- 
nine of  pas'sus,  “ dried  in  the  sunshine.”] 
Applied  to  uva,  to  signify  a dried  grape 
or  raisin.  See  Passes. 

Pas'ser,*  plural  Pas'ser-es.  A spar- 
row. Applied  to  an  order  of  birds.  See 
Passeres. 

Pas'ser-es*  [the  plural  of  Passer, 
a “sparrow”],  otherwise  termed  Pas-se- 
ri'nse.*  The  name  of  an  order  of  birds 
of  the  sparrow  kind.  They  form  the  most 
extensive  and  varied  order  of  birds. 

Passerine.  See  Passerinus. 

Pas-se-ri'nus.*  [From  pas'ser,  a 
“sparrow.”]  Belonging  to  the  sparrow. 
Applied  in  the  plural  ( Passeri'nse ) to  an 
order  of  birds  otherwise  termed  Passeres : 
pas'serine. 

Passifloracese,*  pas-se-flo-ra'she-e, 
or  Passiflo'rese.*  A natural  order  of 
397 


PAS 


PAT 


exogenous  twining  plants  with  showy 
flowers,  abundant  in  South  America  and 
the  Wesn  Indies.  It  includes  the  Passi- 
jlo'ra  (Passion  Flower),  the  fruit  of 
which  is  edible. 

Pas-si-tflo  re-se.*  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
Passiflorace^e. 

Pas'sio  (pash'e-o)  Hys-ter'i-ca.* 
Hysteria , or  hysterics. 

Passio  Iliaea.  See  Iliac  Passion. 

Passion,  Ungovernable.  See  Em- 
PATHEMA. 

Passive  Mo'tion.  Applied  to  mo- 
tion caused  not  by  the  patient  himself, 
but  gently  by  another  person. 

Pas'su-la.*  [Diminutive  of  pas'sa , 
'‘dried  in  the  sun,”  u'va,  a "grape,” 
being  understood.]  A little  dried 
grape ; a raisin. 

Pas  s 11  la  Major.*  ("Larger  Rai- 
sin.”) The  systematic  name  of  the  dried 
fruit  of  the  Vitis  vinifera;  a raisin. 

Pas-su-la'tns.*  [From  pas'sula , a 
"raisin.”]  Pas'sulate.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain medicines  of  which  raisins  formed 
the  chief  ingredient. 

Pas  sus**  [From  pan' do,  pan' sum  or 
pas' sum,  to  " spread  out”  for  drying.] 
Dried  by  exposure  to  the  sun.  See 
Passa,  and  Passula. 

Pastil.  [Pastillum : diminutive 
of  pas'ta , a "lozenge.”]  A little  lump 
like  a lozenge ; a troch. 

Pas-ti-iiaca.*  The  Parsnip.  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , 
natural  order  Umbellifersc. 

Pastinaca  ©-popo-nax.*  The 
plant  formerly  stated  to  afford  Opoponax, 
now  referred  to  the  Opoponax  chironium. 

Pate  ArsSnicale,  pat  aR'sAnAk&l'. 
("Arsenical  Paste.”)  An  application  for 
cancers,  consisting  of  seventy  parts  of 
cinnabar,  twenty-two  of  dragon’s  blood, 
and  eight  of  arsenious  acid. 

Pa-tel'la,*  gen.  Pa-tel'lse.  [Di- 
minutive of  pat'ina,  a "pan.”]  The  knee- 
pan,  or  knee-cap;  also  termed  Mo'la,* 
and Rot'u-la.*  (Fr.  Rotule,  ro'tiil'.)  In 
Botany,  a plain  receptacle,  having  a dis- 
tinct border  of  the  thallus.  Also,  a genus 
of  the  Gasteropoda  Mollusca , inhabiting 
a univalve  shell ; a limpet. 

Pat-el-1  a' tus.*  [From  pateV la,  a 
"little  dish,  or  platter.”]  Applied  to  a 
polypus  which  forms  an  expansion  al- 
most orbicular. 

Pa-tcl'li-form.  [Patellifor'mis ; 

from  patel'la,  the  "knee-pan.”]  Having 
the  form  of  a knee-pan,  or  patella. 

Pa-tel'lu-la,*  [Diminutive  of  patel'- 
398 


la,  the  "knee-pan.”]  Applied  in  Botany 
to  a sessile  receptacle,  orbicular,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a proper  border,  not  produced 
by  the  ihallus . 

Pa-tlie'ma,*  plural  Pa-tliem'a-ta. 

[From  vaOoi,  "affection.”]  Affection,  suf- 
fering, or  disease.  Passion,  or  an  in- 
stinctive feeling  become  extreme  and 
exclusive. 

Pa-tEsem-a-to-log'I-cal.  [Pathe- 
matolog'icus.]  Belonging  to  pathem- 
atology. 

Pa-tBsem-a-tol'o-gy.  [Pathema- 
tologia;  from  pathe'rna,  "affection  of 
body  or  mind,”  and  \6yog,  a " discourse.”] 
The  doctrine  (or  science)  of  the  passions 
or  affections  of  the  mind.  Also,  the  same 
as  Pathology. 

Pa-tliem'ic.  [PatSiem'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  pathema. 

Pa-tSiet'ic.  [Pattiet'icus ; from 

TcaOos,  " affection.”]  Belonging  to  the 
feelings,  or  passions.  Applied  to  the 
superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye ; also, 
to  the  fourth  pair  of  nerves.  See  next 
article. 

Pa-tlnet'ic  Nerves.  [Ner'vi  Pa- 
tliet'iei.]  The  fourth  pair  of  nerves,  or 
Trochleato' res : so  called  because  the 
eyes  express  the  feelings  or  passions  by 
means  of  them. 

Patli-o-gen'e-sis.*  [From  itdOog, 
"affection,”  or  "disease,”  and  yivztng, 
"generation.”]  The  origin,  production, 
or  generation  of  disease. 

Patli-o-ge-net'i-cus.*  Belonging 
to  pathogenesis : pathogenet'ic. 

PatBi-o-gcii'ic,  Patfis-o-gen'i-cal. 
[Patliogeii'icus.]  Belonging  to  pa- 
thogeny. Applied  to  substances,  effluvia, 
miasmata,  etc.,  which  produce  disease. 

Pa-tliog'e-ny.  [Patliogc'nia;  from 
itdOog , "affection,”  or  "disease,”  and  ymo, 
to  " be  born,”  to  " be  produced.”]  That 
branch  of  Pathology  which  treats  of  the 
causes  and  development  of  diseases. 

Pa-tliog-no-nioii'ic.  [Pathogno- 
inoii'ictis;  from  nuOog,  "affection,”  or 
"disease,”  and  yivlasio,  to  "know.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  peculiar  characteristic  symp- 
toms of  a disease. 

Patli-o-grapli  'l-cal.  [Patlio- 

grapli'icus.]  Belonging  to  pathogra- 
phy. 

Pa-tBiog'ra-pliy.  [Patliogra'- 
ptiia;  from  it dOog,  "affection,”  or  "dis- 
ease,” and  ypuepio,  to  "write.”]  A de- 
scription or  history  of  diseases. 

Patfli-o-log'i-csil.  [Pattiolog'i- 
cus.  | Belonging  to  pathology. 

Pa-thol'o-gy*  [Patliolo'gia;  from 


PAT 


PEC 


naQog,  an  “ affection, ” or  “ disease,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or 
consideration  of  diseases.  That  branch 
of  medical  science  which  treats  of  dis- 
eases, their  nature  and  effects.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  Medical  and  Surgical 
Pathology. 

Pat'u-lous.  [Pat' ulus:  from  pa'- 
teo,  to  “be  open.”]  Open;  broad; 
spreading.  Applied  to  certain  parts  of 
plants. 

Pau-ei-den'tate.  [PaiieMenta- 
tus;  from  pau'ei,  “few,”  “little,”  and 
dens,  a “tooth.”]  Slightly  dentated. 

Pau-ci-flo'rous.  [Pauciflo'rus ; 
from  pau'ei,  “few,”  and  Jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  few  flowers. 

Pau-cl-fo'li-ous.  [Paucifo'lius ; 
from  pau'ei,  “few,”  and  fo'  Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  few  leaves,  or  folioles. 

Pau-ci-ju-ga'tus,*  Pau-cij ' u-giis.;;: 
[From  pau'ei,  “few,”  and  ju'gum , a 
“yoke,”  or  “pair.”]  Applied  to  a com- 
pound leaf  formed  of  but  three  or  four 
pairs  of  folioles:  paucij'ugate ; paucij'- 
ugous. 

Pau-ci.ner'vate.  [Paucinerva'- 
tus,  Pauciner'vius:  from  pau'ei, 
“ few,”  and  ner'uus,  a “ nerve.”]  Having 
but  few  nerves,  or  slightly  veined. 

Pau-ci-ra-di-a'tus.*  [F  rom  pau'ei, 
“few,”  and  ra'dius,  a “ray.”]  Applied 
to  the  umbel  when  it  contains  but  a 
small  number  of  rays. 

Fau-ci-se-ri-a'tus. [From  pau'ei, 
*‘few,”  and  se'ries,  a “row,”  or  “order.”] 
Divided  into  a small  number  of  series. 

Paul-lin'I-a  Sor'bi-lis.*  A Bra- 
zilian plant  from  which  an  extract  called 
Paullinia , or  Guarana,  is  procured.  It 
is  recommended  as  a tonic. 

Pauncb.  The  stomach.  Applied 
especially  to  the  first  and  greatest  sto- 
mach of  the  Ruminantia. 

Paupafcre,  po'pe-eR'.  The  French 
term  for  “eyelid.”  See  Palpebra. 

Pavo-nine.  [Pavoninus ; from 
]ia'vo,  jiavo'nis,  the  “peacock.”]  Having 
eye-like  spots  resembling  those  seen  on 
the  peacock’s  tail. 

Pavot,  p&'vo'.  The  French  name  for 
“poppy.”  See  Papaver. 

Peacti.  (Fr.  Peche,  pesh  or  p&sh.) 
The  Malum  Persicum,  or  fruit  of  the 
Amygdalus  Persica. 

Peach-Tree.  The  Amyg'dalus  Per’ - 
sica. 

Pear.  The  fruit  of  the  Pyrus  com- 
munis. 

Pearl.  [Lat.  Margari'ta;  Fr . Perle, 
peRl.]  A highly  prized  substance  found 


within  the  shells  of  certain  bivalve  mol- 
lusks,  formed,  as  it  would  appear,  by 
the  deposition  of  calcareous  matter  round 
some  nucleus.  A pure  pearl  is  generally 
spherical,  and  has  a white  or  yellowish- 
white  color,  with  a peculiar  lustre  and 
iridescence,  and  consists  of  alternating 
concentric  layers  of  membrane  and  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  most  valuable  pearls 
are  obtained  from  the  pearl  oyster  of 
Ceylon. 

Pearl'-ash.  [Named  from  its  white, 
pearly  color.]  A purer  carbonate  of 
potassa,  prepared  by  dissolving  potash 
and  allowing  the  impurities  to  subside. 

Pearl  Barley.  See  Hordeum. 

Pearl-White.  The  subnitrate  or  tris- 
nitrate  of  bismuth;  flake-white.  See 
Bismuthum  Album. 

Peat.  The  natural  accumulation  of 
vegetable  matter  from  the  decaying  roots 
of  grass,  etc.,  mostly  occurring  on  the 
surface  of  a bog  or  moor.  When  dried, 
it  is  used  as  fuel. 

Pec'ten,*  gen.  Pec'ti-nis.  A Latin 
word  signifying  a “comb;”  also,  the 
“pubes.”  Commonly  applied  to  the  os 
pubis,  which  is  a distinct  bone  in  the 
foetal  pelvis. 

Pec'tic.  [Pec'ticus;  from  -nnKrig,  a 
“coagulum.”]  Applied  to  an  acid  which 
is  found  in  many  kinds  of  fruits,  and 
has  the  property  of  forming  jelly. 

Pectin.  [From  the  same.]  A prin- 
ciple which  forms  the  base  of  vegetable 

j<-Uy* 

Pec-ti-me'us.*  [From  pec' ten,  the 
“os  pubis.”]  Belonging  to  the  peeten,  or 
os  pubis : pectine'al.  See  Pectinalis. 

Pec-ti-na'lis,*  or  Fec-ti-nae'us.* 
[From  the  same.]  Belonging  to,  or  c<  n- 
nected  with,  the  os  pubis.  Also,  the  name 
of  a long,  flat  muscle  arising  from  the 
pectineal  line  of  the  os  pubis,  and  in- 
serted into  the  line  leading  from  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  linen  aspera. 

Pec'ti-nate.  [Peetinatus;  from 
pec'ten,  a “ comb.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a comb.  A pinnatifid  leaf 
with  regular  close  and  narrow  incisions, 
is  called  pectinate. 

Pectinated  Muscles.  See  Musculi 
Pectinate 

Pectineus,  or  Pectineal.  See  Pec- 
tinalis. 

Pecti-ni-bran-clii-a'ta.*  [See  next 
article.]  A name  given  by  Cuvier  to  his 
sixth  order  of  Gasteropoda.  It  includes 
almost  all  the  spiral  univalve  shells. 

Pecti-ni-bran-elii-a'tus.*  [From 
pec'ten,  a “comb,”  and  bronchia' tus, 
399 


PEC 


PED 


“ having  branchise .”]  Having  comb-like 
branchiae : pectinobranchiate. 

Pee-ti-aiif'er-ous.  [Pectinif'er- 
11s;  from  pec' ten,  a “comb,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  combs. 
Applied  to  birds. 

Pee-ti-ni-fo'li-us.*  [From  pec'ten , 
a “comb,”  and  fo'liunu  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing pectinated  leaves. 

Pec'ti-ni-form.  [Pectmifor'mis ; 

from  pec'ten,  a “comb.”]  Resembling  a 
comb. 

Pee-tl-no-i'des.*  [From  pec'ten,  a 
“comb,”  and  a<5oj,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling one  of  the  shells  termed  Pecten; 
like  a comb  : pectinoid. 

Pec'to-ra,*  the  plural  of  Pectus, 
which  see. 

Pec'to-ral.  [Pectora'lis ; from 
pec'tus,  pec'toris,  the  “breast.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  breast,  or  chest.  In  Ich- 
thyology, applied  to  those  fins  which 
correspond  to  the  anterior  extremities 
of  quadruped  animals,  and  are  termed 
pectorals. 

Pectoralia.  See  Pectorals. 

Peetoralis.  See  Pectoral. 

Pec-to-ra'lis  Major.*  (“Greater 
Pectoral  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising 
from  half  the  clavicle,  all  the  edge  of 
the  sternum,  and  the  cartilages  of  the 
three  lower  true  ribs,  and  inserted  into 
the  outer  border  of  the  bicipital  groove 
of  the  humerus.  It  moves  the  arm  for- 
wards, etc. 

Pectora'lis  Mi'nor.*  (“  Lesser  Pec- 
toral [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising  from 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  ribs,  and 
inserted  into  the  coracoid  process  of  the 
scapula.  It  draws  the  shoulder-bone 
forwards  and  downwards,  and  elevates 
the  ribs. 

Pec'to-rals.  [Pectora'lia;  from 

pectora'lis,  “pectoral.”]  Medicines  which 
relieve  disorders  of  the  chest. 

Pectoriloquia.  The  same  as  Pec- 
toriloquy, which  see. 

Pec-to-ril'o-quisni.  TPectorilo- 
quis'mus ; from  pec'tus,  the  “breast,” 
and  lo'quor , to  “speak.”]  The  same  as 
Pectoriloquy. 

Pec-to-ril'o-quy.  [Pectorilo'- 
qiiiiiin,  or  Pectoralo'quia ; from  the 
same.]  A form  or  condition  of  disease 
in  which  the  voice  of  the  patient  seems 
to  issue  from  the  breast  through  the 
stethoscope:  also  termed  Pectnriloquism. 

Pec'tus,*  gen.  Pec'to-ris.  That 
part  between  the  neck  and  abdomen ; 
the  breast,  or  chest.  The  inferior  surface 
of  the  thorax  of  insects,  divided  accord- 
400 


ing  to  its  segments  into  the  antepectus , 
mediopectus,  and  postpectus. 

Pedaliacese,*  pe-da-le-a'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  within  the  tropics,  espe- 
cially in  Africa.  It  includes  the  Peda! - 
Hum  and  Ses'amum. 

Pedate.  [Peda'tus;  from  pes,  pe'- 
dis,  a “foot.”]  A term  applied  to  a 
palmate  leaf,  the  lateral  lobes  of  which 
are  each  cleft  into  two  or  more  seg- 
ments. 

Pe-dat'i-tfid.  [Pedatif'idns;  from 

pes,  pe'dis,  a “foot,”  and  Jin' do,  to 
“ cleave.”]  Applied  to  leaves  which  are 
divided  in  a pedate  manner  nearly  half- 
way to  the  base. 

Pedatus.  See  Pedate. 

Pe'des,*  gen.  Pe  dum,  the  plural 
of  Pes,  which  see. 

Pe-di-al'gi-a.*  [From  nefoov,  the 
“bones  of  the  foot,”  or  foot  itself,  and 
aXyog,  “pain.”]  Neuralgic  affection  in 
the  foot. 

Ped'I-cel.  [Pedicel'lus;  diminu- 
tive of  pedic'ulus,  a “ flower-stalk.”]  The 
stalk  of  each  particular  flower  in  a clus- 
ter or  raceme  of  flowers ; a partial  pe- 
duncle ; a pedicle.  Also,  the  second  joint 
of  the  antennas  of  insects. 

Ped'i-cel-late.  [Pedieella'tus ; 
from  pedicel' lus,  a “pedicel.”]  Having 
a pedicel. 

Ped'I-cle.  The  same  as  Pedicel, 

which  see. 

Pe-dic'ti-lar.  [Pedicula'ris.]  Be- 
longing to  the  pediculus. 

Pe-dic'u-late.  [Pedicula'ttis ; 

from  pedic'ulus,  a “foot-stalk.”]  Hav- 
ing foot-stalks. 

Pe-dic-u-la'tiou.  [Pedicula'tio, 

o'nis;  from  pedic'ulus,  a “louse.”]  A 
state  of  disease  in  which  lice  are  con- 
stantly breeding  on  the  skin.  See  Piithi- 
RIASIS. 

Pe-dic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  pes , 
a “foot.”]  The  foot-stalk  of  a flower 
and  of  fruits.  Also,  a genus  of  parasitic 
animals;  the  louse  (Fr.  Pou,  poo). 

Pedic'iilus  Pu'fois*  (“Louse  of 
the  Pubes”),  or  Mor'pi-o.*  Vulgarly, 
“ crab-louse.”  A species  of  louse  found 
chiefly  on  the  pubes,  distinguished  by 
the  cheliform  structure  of  its  legs.  It 
causes  intolerable  itching,  nnd  frequently 
induces  local  prurigo.  Dusting  the  part 
with  calomel  mixed  with  starch  powder, 
and  attention  to  cleanliness,  will  nearly 
always  be  found  efficacious  in  cases  of 
this  kind. 

Pe-dif 'er-ous.  [Pedif'erus;  from 


PED 


PEN 


ea,  a “foot,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 

earing  feet. 

Ped»X"lu'vX-uin.*  [Fromp<?»,  a“foot,” 
and  la' vo,  to  “wash.”]  A bath  for  the 
feet:  afoot-bath. 

Ped-I-pal'pus.*  [From  pea,  a “foot,” 
and  pal' pus,  a “feeler.”]  Applied  in 
the  plural  ( Pedipal' pi)  to  a family  of 
Arachnides  having  palpi  in  the  form  of 
a claw  or  arm. 

Pe'dis,*  the  genitive  of  Pes,  which  see. 

Pe-dun'cle.  [Pednn'ciiliis;  di- 
minutive of  pcs,  a “foot.”]  The  foot- 
stalk which  supports  a flower,  or  a clus- 
ter of  flowers.  The  foot-stalk  of  each 
flower  of  a cluster  is  called  a partial  pe- 
duncle, or  a pedicel. 

Pe-cluii 'cu-late.  [Peduncula'tus  5 
from pedun' cuius,  a “foot  stalk.”]  Hav- 
ing, or  growing  on,  a peduncle. 

Pe-la'gi-an.  [Pelagia  nu^;  from 
7r eXayos,  the  “deep  sea.”]  Pertaining  to 
the  sea. 

Pe-lag'ic.  [Pelagr'iens;  from  the 
same.]  Belonging  to  the  deep  sea. 

Pe-la'g* i-oiis.  [ Pela'gius.]  The 

same  as  Pelagic,  which  see. 

Peria-gra.*  [From peVlis,  a “ skin,” 
and  aypa,  a “ seizure.”]  A disease  com- 
mon in  certain  parts  of  Italy,  beginning 
by  a shining  red  spot  on  some  part  of 
the  head  or  body ; termed  also  Elephan- 
tiasis It  alien. 

Pel'li-de.  [Pellic'nla;  diminutive 
of  pel'lis,  a “skin.”]  A very  thin  skin; 
a film  on  the  surface  of  fluids;  slender 
membranous  productions,  etc. 

Pel-lic'u-lar.  [Pellicula'ris.]  Re- 
lating to  a pellicle. 

Pel'lis.*  [From  tt £X\a,  a “hide.”] 
The  Cutis , or  skin. 

Pel'li-to-ry  of  Spain.  The  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum,  which  see. 

Pel-lu  cid.  [Pellii'cidus;  from  per, 
“through,”  and  lu'cco,  to  “shine.”] 
Translucent;  pervious. to  light,  or  semi- 
transparent. 

Pel'o-sin,  or  Pel'o-sine.  A color- 
less substance  extracted  from  the  root 
of  the  Cissam'pelos  parei'ra.  It  is  a pow- 
erful base,  forming  salts  with  several 
acids. 

PeJ'ta.*  [From  7rs\-ri,  a “shield.”] 
A.  variety  of  the  caly cuius , oblong,  flat, 
and  obtuse,  found  in  the  lichens. 

Pel-ta'lis.*  [From pel' ta,  a “ shield.”] 
Belonging  to  a shield:  also,  scutiform. 

Pel'tate.  [Pelta'tus;  from  pel'ta, 
a “shield.”]  Shield-shaped.  Applied 
to  roundish  leaves,  the  petioles  of  which 
are  attached  to  a point  near  the  centre. 

2 A 


Pel-tX-fo'lX-ns.*  [From  pel'ta,  a 
“shield,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing peltate  leaves : peltifo'lious. 

Pel'tl-form.  [Peltifor'mis;  from 
pel'ta,  a “shield.”]  Formed  like  a 
shield. 

Pel-to-i'des.*  [From  pel'ta,  a 
“shield,”  and  d6og,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a shield  : peltoid. 

Pel'vic.  [Pel'vicus.]  Belonging 
to  the  pelvis. 

Pel'vi-form.  [Pelvf  for'mis ; from 
pel' vis,  a “basin.”]  Having  the  form 
of  a basin. 

Pel-vim'e-fer.  [Pelvim'etriun ; 

from • pel' vis,  a “basin,”  and  (xiT(,ov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  used  in  ob- 
stetrics for  measuring  the  capacity  of 
the  pelvis. 

Pel-vi-ot'o-my.  [Pelvfoto'mia ; 

from  pel' vis,  a “ basip,”  and  rfpw,  to 
“cut.”]  Section  of  the  bones  of  the 
pelvis.  See  Sigaultian  Operation. 

Pel 'vis.*  (Fr.  Bassin,  b&s'saiTo'.)  Lite- 
rally, “a  basin.”  The  osseous  cavity 
forming  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk. 
It  is  bounded  behind  by  the  sacrum  and 
c<  ccyx,  at  the  sides  and  in  front  by  the 
ossa  innominata.  See  Sinus. 

Peiu-plii-go-i '<1  e &.*  [From  pem'phi- 
(/us,  and  eico$,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
pemphigus:  pemphigoid. 

Pem'plii-gus,*  or  pem-fi'gus.  [From 
1 a “ blister.”]  (Fr.  Fievre  Bullevse , 
fe-evR'  biilTuz'.)  An  eruption  of  vesicles 
from  the  size  of  a pea  to  a walnut,  gene- 
rally accompanied  by  fever ; vesicular 
fever,  or  Fehris  bullosa.  A genus  of  the 
order  Exanthemata,  class  Pyrexise,  of 
Cullen's  Nosology. 

Pemeaceae,*  pe-ne-a'she-e.  [From 
Pense'a,  one  of  ihe  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  evergreen  shrubs, 
natives  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Pen-du-lI-IIo'rus.*  [From  pen'du- 
lus,  “ hanging,”  or  “ pendulous,”  and  jlos, 
a “flower.”]  Having  pendant  flowers. 

Pen-du-ll-fo  Ti-us.*  [F rom  pjen'du- 
lu8,  “hanging,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  pendant  leaves. 

Pen-i-cil'late.  [Penieilla'tus ; 

from  penicil'lus,  a “painter’s  brush.”] 
Tipped  with  a brush  of  hairs  like  a 
camel’s-hair  pencil. 

Pen-i-cil'li-foriii.  [Penicillifor'- 

mis:  from  penicil'lus,  a “painter’s 

brush.”]  Resembling  a hair-pencil. 

Pesi-i-eil  '1«  m,*  Pen-i-ciS ' 1 11  s.* 

[Diminutive  of  penic'ubim,  a “brush.”] 
Applied  to  the  arrangement  of  minute 
ramifications  of  the  Vena  portae,  corn- 
401 


PEN 


PEN 


posing  the  small  glands  or  glandiform 
bodies  which  form  the  substance  of  the 
liver,  because  resembling  a hair-pencil. 
In  Surgery,  a tent  or  pledget  of  charpie, 
or  soft  sponge,  etc.  See  Pannus. 

Pe'nis,*  gen.  the  same.  [Gr.  ■neog.'] 
The  Mem'brum  viri'le , or  chief  organ  of 
generation  in  man,  permeated  by  the 
urethra.  It  consists  of  two  principal 
portions  : the  Cor* pus  caverno'  sum  (or 
Cor'pora  caverno'sa)  and  the  Cor' pus 
spongio'  sum,  also  called  Cor' pus  spongio'- 
snm  lire' three  (“  Spongy  Body  of  the  Ure- 
thra”), because  it  surrounds  the  urethra. 
See  Corpora  Cavernosa,  and  Corpus 
Spongiosum. 

Pennate.  See  Pinnate. 

Pen-na-tif 'er-us.*  [F rom pen'na , a 
“feather,”  and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bear- 
ing feathers,  or  appendages  like  feathers. 
Applied  to  certain  animals. 

Pen-nat'i-lid.  [Pennatif'idus.] 
See  Pinnatifid. 

Pen-nat-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  penna’- 
tus , “pinnate,”  and  fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
Having  pinnate  leaves. 

Pen-nat-i-par-ti'tus.*  [From  pen- 
na'tns,  “pinnate,”  and  par'  tio,  parti'  turn, 
to  “part.”]  Pinnately-parted,  as  feather- 
veined  loaves  the  sinuses  of  which  reach 
almost  to  the  midrib  : pennatipartite. 

Pen-nat'i-sect-ed,  or  Pin-nat'i- 
sect.  [Pennatisec'tus : from  pe\ina'- 
tus,  “pinnate,”  and  se'co,  sec' turn,  to 
“ cut.”]  Applied  to  feather-veined  leaves 
with  sinuses  which  reach  quite  to  the 
midrib  : pinnately-divided. 

Pen-nat-i-stip-u-la'tus.*  Applied 
to  a plant  that  has  pinnatifid  stipules. 

Pen-nif  er-ous.  [Pennif'erus; 
from  pen'na,  a “ feather,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  quills,  or  feathers; 
covered  with  feathers. 

Pen'ni-form.  [Penmifor'mis;  from 
pen'na , a “feather.”]  Having  the  form 
of  a feather. 

Pen-ni-ner'vis.*  [From  pen'na , a 
“ feather,”  and  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”]  Hav- 
ing nerves  or  veins  disposed  like  a 
feather;  pinnately-nerved. 

Pen-111- ve'ni-us.*  [From  pen'rpa,  a 
“feather,”  and  re'na,  a “vein.”]  Feather- 
veined.  A term  applied  to  leaves  the 
veins  of  which  proceed  from  a mid- 
rib. See  Pinnately-Veined. 

Pen'n  11-la.*  [Diminutive  of  pen'na, 
a “feather.”]  A small  feather  with  a 
short  stem  : a pen'nulc. 

Pennyroyal.  Sec  Mentha  Pule- 
gitm. 

Pcn-ta-car'pel-la-ry.  [From  ttcvtc, 
402 


“five,”  and  nap™ g,  “fruit.”]  Composed 

of  five  carpels. 

Pen-ta-chae'ni-um,*  or  Pen-ta- 
eliai  nl- urn.*  [From  -nkvTt,  “five,”  and 
Xau'w,  to  “open.”]  A simple  fruit  formed 
by  an  ovary  adherent  to  the  calyx,  which 
at  maturity  separates  into  five  lobes, 
like  the  fruit  of  the  Araliaceee. 

Pen-t^-chot'o-mous.  [Penta- 
eliotonius;  from  irzvTaxh,  “in  five 
ways  or  parts,”  and  ri/mo,  to  “cut.”] 
Applied  to  cymes  where  each  terminal 
flower  has  under  it  five  bracts,  and  gives 
origin  to  as  many  branches. 

Pen'ta-g-on.  [Pentago'mim;  from 
ttzvtz,  “five,”  and  yon/ia,  an  “angle.”]  A 
plane  figure,  having  five  angles  and  sides. 
A regular  pentagon  has  five  equal  sides. 

Pen-tag'o-nal.  [Pentago'nus.] 
Belonging  to  a pentagon ; five-cor- 
nered. 

Pen-ta-g'jfn'i-a.*  [From  ttzutz,  “ five,” 
and  ywfi,  a,  “woman,”  or  “female.”]  A 
Linnman  order  of  plants,  comprising 
those  which  have  five  pistils  in  each 
flower. 

Pen-ta-gyn'i-ous.  [Pentagyn'ius; 

from  the  same.]  Having  five  pistils. 

Pen-ta£'y-nons.  The  same  as  Pen- 
tag  yniol  s,  which  see. 

Pen-tain'e-rons.  [From  ttzvtc,  “ five,” 
and  pzpog,  a “part.”]  Consisting  of  five 
parts  or  five  organs  of  each  kind.  Ap- 
plied to  a flower  which  has  five  petals, 
five  stamens,  etc. 

Pen-tan'dri-a.*  [From  ttzvtz,  “five,” 
and  dsijp,  a “man,”  or  “male.”]  The  fifth 
class  in  the  Linnsean  system  of  plants, 
comprising  those  which  have  five  stamens 
in  each  flower. 

Pen-tan'drous.  [Pentan'drius ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  five  stamens. 

Pen  - ta-  pe  t a-lous.  [Pen  tape  t ' a- 

1ns ; from  n cure,  “five,”  and  TriraXov,  a 
“petal.”]  Applied  to  a corol  composed 
of  five  petals. 

Pen-ta-phyl-lo-i'des.*  [From  pen- 
taphjl'lum,  the  “cinquefoil,”  and  z16og,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  the  cinquefoil. 

Pen-ta-pliyl'lons.  [Pentapluyl'- 
lus;  from  v zrrz,  “five,”  and  0uAAoy,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  five  leaves  ; five-leaved. 

Pen-tap'ter-ons.  [Pentap'terus ; 
from  ttzvtz,  “five,”  and  Trzpdv,  a “wing.”] 
In  Botany,  having  five  expansions  in 
form  of  wings;  five-winged. 

Pen  - ta-sep ' a-1  ous.  [Pentasep'a- 
lus;  from  ttzvtz,  “five,”  and  sep'alum,  a 
“sepal.”]  Applied  to  a calyx  composed 
of  five  sepals. 

Pen-ta-sper'nious.  [Pentasper'- 


PEN 


PER 


mus;  from  irevre,  "five,”  and  (rxtpfia,  a 
“seed.”]  Having  five  seeds. 

Pen-tas'tl-ehous.  [Pentas'tl- 
clms;  from  n ivre,  “five,”  and  onxn , a 
“row.”]  Disposed  in  five  rows,  or  in 
five  vertical  ranks.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Pen-ta-sty'lus.*  [From  irevre,  “five,” 
and  arv\o;,  a,  “pillar.”]  Applied  to  an 
ovary  which  bears  five  styles. 

Pe-n u m' bra.*  [From  pe'ne,  “al- 
most,” and  mix' bra,  a “shade.”]  A faint 
shadow,  or  the  edge  of  a perfect  shadow ; 
that  portion  of  space  which  in  an  eclipse 
of  the  sun  is  partly,  but  not  entirely, 
deprived  of  light;  situated  between  the 
perfect  shadow,  where  the  light  is  wholly 
intercepted,  and  the  full  light. 

Pe-o-to ' mi-a.*  [From  ireog,  the  “pe- 
nis,” and  Ten  i/a),  to  “cut.”]  Amputation 
of  the  penis:  peot'omy. 

Pe  i>o.*  A pumpkin.  Also,  a general 
term  applied  to  such  fruits  as  the  melon, 
cucumber,  and  gourd;  being  a modifica- 
tion of  the  berry.  Likewise,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  for  the  seeds  of  the  Cucur'- 
bita  Pe'po.  They  have  been  assigned  a 
place  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Materia 
Medica  of  the  U S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1860.  These  seeds  have  recently  acquired 
a high  reputation  as  a remedy  against 
the  tape- worm.  The  pulp  of  the  pump- 
kin has  also  been  administered  with  simi- 
lar effect.  The  dose  of  the  seeds  is  about 
two  ounces;  deprived  of  their  outer  cov- 
ering, they  may  be  beaten  into  a paste 
with  sugar,  and  taken,  fasting,  followed 
in  an  hour  or  two  by  a free  dose  of  castor 
oil. 

Pepper.  See  Piper. 

Pepper,  Cayenne,  or  Pepper,  Gui- 
nea. See  Capsicum  Annuum. 

Pepper,  Jamaica.  See  Myrtus 
PlMENTA. 

Pep'per-mint.  The  Mentha  Pi- 
perita, which  see. 

Pepsin.  [Pepsi'na;  from  -Karros,  to 
“digest.”]  A supposed  substance  con- 
cerned in  the  process  of  digestion. 

Pep'tic.  [Pep'ticns;  from  the 
same.]  Digestive  ; promoting  digestion. 

Per.  A Latin  particle  signifying 
“through,”  “by;”  also,  “thoroughly.” 
It  is  often  intensive,  being  equivalent  to 
“very.”  In  Chemistry,  it  forms  a prefix 
denoting  an  oxide  containing  the  largest 
quantity  of  oxygen  that  can  exist  in 
any  oxide  formed  by  the  same  materials ; 
also  applied  to  acids  which  contain  still 
more  oxygen  than  those  whose  names 
end  with  -ic,  as  perchloric  acid. 

Per  lai-for-tu'ni-wm.*  (“By  Mis- 


adventure.”) Applied  in  medical  juris- 
prudence to  excusable  homicide,  or  death 
from  a lawful  act  done  without  intention 
of  hurt. 

Per'a-cute.  [Peracu'tus;  from 
per,  intensive,  and  acu'tus,  “acute.”] 
Extremely  severe;  very  acute. 

Per-chlo ' rate.  [Perch  loras,  a' tie.] 
A combination  of  perchloric  acid  and  a 
base.  Applied  to  the  oxichlorates. 

Per-chlo'rat-crt  E'ther.  The  name 
of  a fluid  obtained  by  directly  combining 
chlorine  with  olefiant  gas,  or  by  causing 
certain  chlorides  to  react  upon  that  gas. 

Per-clilo'rlcle  of  For'myle.  The 
same  as  Chloroform,  which  see. 

Percolate.  See  next  article. 

Per-co-la ' tion . [Percola'tio,o'w?«/ 
from  per,  “ through,”  and  co'lo,  cola' turn , 
to  “ strain.”]  Filtration.  Also  applied 
to  animal  secretions,  the  glands  being 
compared  to  strainers  or  filters.  Used 
in  Pharmacy  in  the  same  sense  as  Dis- 
placement (which  see).  See  also  the 
U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  pp.  3,  4,  5,  6.  The 
filtered  liquid  is  termed  a per’colate. 

Per-co-la'tor.  An  instrument  by 
means  of  which  percolation  is  performed. 
See  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  pp.  4 and  5. 

Per-cus'sion.  [Percus'sio,  o'nis; 
from  percu'tio,  percus'sum,  to  “strike,” 
to  “shock.”]  The  act  of  striking  any 
part  of  the  body  with  the  fingers,  or  an 
instrument,  to  ascertain  its  condition. 

It  is  distinguished  into  — 1.  Direct 
Percussion , which  consists  in  striking 
the  surface  of  the  chest,  etc.,  with  one 
or  more  fingers,  and  observing  the  degree 
and  quality  of  the  sounds  produced.  2. 
Mediate  Percussion,  in  which  case  a piece 
of  ivory  or  leather,  called  a pleximeter, 
or  the  second  phalanx  of  the  forefinger 
of  the  left  hand,  is  struck  by  the  fingers 
of  the  right  hand.  See  Exploration. 

Pe-ren'ni-al.  [Feren'nis;  from 
per , “through,”  and  an’ nos,  “years.”] 
Lasting  through  more  than  two  years; 
also,  perpetual ; permanent. 

Pe-renhi-braii'Hiii-ate.  [Peren- 
niforaiieliia'tus ; from  peren’nis,  “pe- 
rennial,” and  bran' chise, (i  g ills.”]  Hav- 
ing branchiae  persistent  during  life. 

Per 'feet  Flmv'er.  A term  applied 
to  flowers  which  have  both  stamens  and 
pistils. 

Per'fect  Num  ber.  A number  which 
is  equal  to  the  sum  of  all  its  divisors,  as 
6,  28,  etc.  Thus,  the  divisors  of  6 are 
1,  2,  and  3,  which  added  together  make  6. 

Per-fo'li-ate.  [Perfolia'tus : from 
per,  “through,”  and  f o' lium,  a “leaf.”] 
403 


PER 


PER 


Leaves  are  called  perfoliate  when  the 
stem  appears  to  pass  through  them. 
These  in  some  cases  originate  in  the 
union  of  the  bases  of  a pair  of  opposite 
sessile  leaves. 

Perfo-rans.-  [From/)er,  “ through,” 
and /o' ro,  fora'  twin,  to  “bore.”]  A desig- 
nation of  the  flex' or  digito' rum  profun' - 
dus  muscle,  from  its  perforating  the  ten- 
don of  the  flexor  sublimis. 

Per  To -rat-lug-.  [From  the  same.] 
Piercing;  passing  through. 

Pe r- fo-ra ' t ion . [Perfora'tao,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  application  of  the 
trepan  or  trephine. 

Pea*' fo-ra- tor.  [Perforato'rium ; 

from  the  same.]  An  instrument  for 
boring  into  the  cranium. 

Per-fo-ra'tus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Perforated,  or  pierced  through.  A term 
applied  to  the  coraco-brachialis  muscle, 
from  its  being  perforated  by  the  exter- 
nal cutaneous  nerve;  also  to  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis  sublimis,  from  its  ten- 
don being  perforated  by  the  tendon  of 
the  flexor  profundus. 

Per-fra-ca'tion.  [Perfraca'tio, 
o'nis;  from  per,  “through,”  and  fri'co, 
fricf  turn  or  fried' turn,  to  “rub.”]  Inunc- 
tion, or  rubbing  in  through  the  pores  of 
the  skin  any  unctuous  or  oily  substance. 

Per-g-a-me'ne-ous,  or  Per-g-a-men- 
ta/ceous.  [Pergame'neus,  or  Pes*- 
gannenta'  ceus;  from  pergamen'ta , 
“parchment.”]  Like  parchment. 

Peri  (rapi).  A Greek  preposition  usu- 
ally signifying  “around,”  or  “about,” 
“near;”  it  is  sometimes  intensive , being 
equivalent  to  “very.” 

Per  1-anth.  [ Per  sail' tliimn;  from 
7 npi,  “about,”  and  ai/Qog,  a “flower.”] 
The  calyx  and  corolla  taken  together,  or 
the  whole  floral  envelope,  whatever  it 
may  consist  of,  is  sometimes  called  the 
perianth.  Also  termed  Perigonium. 

Per-I-an'tlie-us.**  Provided  with  a 
perianth  : perian'theous. 

Pericartle.  See  Pericardium. 

Per-a-car'dI-ac,  or  P£r-i-car-di 'il- 
eal. [Pericardi'acus.]  Belonging 
to  the  pericardium. 

Per-I-car-dit'ic.  [Pericardit'i- 

cus.]  Belonging  to  pericarditis. 

Per-i-car-di'tis,  i die.*  [From  peri- 
cardium.]  Inflammation  of  the  pericar- 
dium. 

P€r-i-car'dl-um.*  [From  rapt, 
“about,”  and  Kapfoa,  the  “heart.”]  (Fr. 
Pericarde,  pArAkaRd'.)  The  membra- 
nous bag  which  contains  the  heart. 

P€r'I-carp.  [Perlcar'pimn ; from 
404 


rapt,  “about,”  and  Kapnog,  “fruit.”]  A 
seed-vessel : a ripened  ovary.  The  peri- 
carp and  the  contained  seeds  together 
constitute  the  fruit  in  the  botanical 
sense  of  the  term.  It  consists  of  an 
epicarp,  endocarp,  and  mesocarp,  which 
last  in  fleshy  fruits  is  called  sarco- 
carp. 

P^r-5-car'pic,  or  Per-a-car'pa-al. 
[Pea*icarpia  lis.]  Belonging  to  a peri- 
carp. 

PSr-I-clise'ti-um.*  [From  rapt, 
“about,”  and  xairr],  a “hair.”]  A scaly 
sheath  investing  the  fertile  flower  and 
base  of  the  foot-stalk  of  some  mosses. 

Per-i-eBioia-drn-©-dyiT2-a.*'  [From 
periehon’  drium,  and  ddvrrj , “pain.”]  Pain 
of  the  perichondrium. 

Per-i-ela©ia-drit'I-ciis.*  Belonging 
to  perichondritis. 

Peir-i-«la©ii-dri'tis,  idis.%  [From 
periehon' drium.]  Inflammation  of  the 
perichondrium. 

Per-i-chon  dri-nm.*  [From  rapt, 
“about,”  and  xordpog,  a “cartilage.”]  A 
membrane  forming  the  immediate  cover- 
ing of  cartilages. 

Per-i-cl in '2-um.*  [From  rapt,  “a- 
round,”  and  kMi/p,  a “bed.”]  The  invo- 
lucre of  the  Composite;  the  collection 
of  bracts  which  surround  an  assemblage 
of  syngenesious  flowers. 

Per-I-co-rol'Ie-us.*  [From  rapt, 
“around,”  and  coroVlaf]  Applied  in 
the  plural  feminine  ( PcricoroV  lese ) to  a 
Jussieuan  division  of  the  Monopetalese, 
including  dicotyledonous  plants  with 
perigynous  corols. 

Per-i-cra'ni-uin.*  [From  rapt,  “a- 
round,”  and  upaviov,  the  “cranium.”] 
The  membrane  immediately  covering  the 
bones  of  the  cranium. 

Per-i-des-mi'tis,  i dis.%  [From  peri- 
des’mium .]  Inflammation  of  the  peri - 
desmium. 

Per-2-des'mi-um.*  [From  rapt, 
“around,”  and  deapiov,  a “band.”]  The 
membrane  which  covers  the  ligaments. 

Per-I-did'y-mis.*  [From  rapt,  “a- 
bout,”  and  Aidyuog,  a “testicle.”]  The 
serous  coat  which  covers  the  testes. 

Pe-rid'i-um.*  [Diminutive  of  nijpa , 
a “leathern  pouch.”]  The  round,  mem- 
branous, dry  case  of  the  seeds  of  some 
angiospermatous  mushrooms.  The  en- 
velope of  fruit. 

P£r'i-&ee.  [Peris-ae'um ; from  rapt', 
“ about,”  or  “ near,”  and  yn,  the  “ earth.”] 
That  point  of  the  moon’s  orbit  which 
is  nearest  to  the  earth. 

P&r-i-glot'tis,  idis*  [From  rapt. 


PER 


PER 


tc  about,”  and  yXwrra,  the  “ ton gue.”]  The 
villous  membrane  covering  the  tongue. 

P£ r-I-go ' ill- 11  in , * or  Per  i-gone. 

[From  7 rcpt,  “ around,”  and  yovrj,  a “ seed,” 
or  “ fruit.”]  The  same  as  Perianth, 
which  see. 

Fcj’-i-gyn'i-wm.-  [From  nepi,  “a- 
round,”  and  ywx\,  a “woman,”  or  “fe- 
male.”] The  urceolate  body  formed  in 
the  genus  Carex  by  two  bracts,  which 
become  confluent  at  their  edges  and  en- 
close the  pistil. 

Pe-rig'y-nous.  [PerSg'ynus:  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  stamens  when 
situated  around  the  ovary  ; adnate  to 
the  base  of  the  ovary,  or  to  the  calyx. 

Per-i-lne'Ii-oai.*  [From  rapt, “about,” 
or  “near,”  and  r/Ato;,  the  “sun.”]  That 
point  in  the  orbit  of  a planet  or  comet 
which  is  nearest  to  the  sun. 

P&r'i-lympli.  [From  nepi,  “around,” 
and  lym'pha , “ water,”  or  “ watery  fluid :” 
so  named  because  poured  around  in  the 
canals  of  the  ear.]  See  Cotunnius, 
Water  of. 

Pe-rim'e-ter.  [Perim'etron,  or  Pe- 
riiii'etrum ; from  nepi,  “around,”  and 
perpou,  a “measure.”]  The  line  which 
bounds  any  plane  figure.  When  applied 
to  a circular  ellipse,  it  is  equivalent  to 
the  circumference. 

Per-I-iiie'tra-a.*  [From  nepi,  “a- 
round,”  and  perpeco,  to  “measure.”]  The 
measuring  of  the  circumference  or  of  all 
the  sides  of  any  plane  figure:  perim'- 
etry. 

P£r-i-mys'i-um.&  [From  nepi,  “a- 
round,”  and  pvg,  a “muscle.”]  The  deli- 
cate membrane  immediately  covering 
the  muscles.  Also  termed  vagi' na  mus- 
culo'ris , or  “muscular  sheath.” 

Per-I-nse'o-^ele.*  [From  nepivaiov, 
the  “perinseum,”  and  KfiXrj,  a “tumor.”] 
Hernia,  or  rupture,  in  the  perinseum. 

Per-i-iise'um,*  or  Per-i-ne'um. 
[Etymology  uncertain.]  (Fr.  Perinee , 
pAre'n&\)  The  space  between  the  anus 
and  the  genital  organs.  Applied  by  some 
writers  to  the  entire  space  between  the 
Os  coccygis  and  the  arch  of  the  pubis. 

Per-i-nae'us.*  The  same  as  Peri- 
neal, which  see. 

Per-i-ne'al,  or  Per-i-nae'al.  [Peri- 

nsea'lis.]  Belonging  to  the  perinseum. 

P€rin£e.  See  Perineum. 

Per-i-ne-phri'tis.*  [From  wept, 
“around,”  and  veippog,  a “ kidney.”]  (Fr. 
Phlegmon  perinephretique , fleg'm6NG'p&'- 
r&'n&'fR&'t6k\)  Inflammation  of  the  peri- 
ton  seal  covering  of  the  kidney. 

Per-i-nepliri-um,-  or  Per-i- 
35 


ne'pliriis.*  [From  nepi , “around,”  and 
the  “kidney.”]  The  membrane 
immediately  enveloping  the  kidney. 

Perineum.  See  Perinasum. 

Per-i-neurl-on,*  or  Per-I-neti'rl- 
urn.  [From  rapt,  “around,”  and  vevpov , 
a “nerve.”]  The  theca  or  membranous 
covering  of  a nerve;  the  neurilemma. 

Perin£vre,  pd'r^'nevR'.  [From  nepi, 
“around,”  and  veupor,  a “nerve.”]  A 
French  term  for  Neurilemma,  which  see. 

Pe'ri-otl.  [Peri 'od  us;  from  nepi, 
“around,”  and  o6og,  a “way,”  or  “jour- 
ney.”] Literally,  a “journeying  round,” 
a “circuit.”  The  time  in  which  one  of 
the  heavenly  bodies  describes  its  orbit; 
hence,  a stated  time.  The  space  of  time 
during  which  a disease  prevails  from  its 
access  to  its  declension. 

Pe-rl-od'i-cal.  [Period'icus ; from 
peri'odus,  a “period.”]  Coming  round 
or  returning  at  certain,  or  stated,  times. 

Per-I-o-di^'I-ty.  [Period  i^'itas  ; 
from  period' icus,  “periodical.”]  The 
tendency  of  certain  phenomena  to  recur 
at  stated  times,  as,  for  example,  the  pa- 
roxysms of  an  intermittent,  the  cata- 
menia, the  budding  of  plants,  etc. 

Pe-rl-o-don-ti  tis,  i die.*  [From 
nepi,  “about,”  and  diovg,  a “tooth.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  socket  of  a tooth. 

Pe-ri-od  o-scope.  [Periodos 'co- 
pus; from  nepiodog,  a “period,”  and 
cKonsa ),  to  “observe.”]  An  instrument 
for  determining  the  date  of  menstruation, 
labor,  etc.,  and  for  other  calculations. 

Pe-ri'o-dus  lai-na'ris.*  (“  Lunar 
Period.”)  The  catamenial  or  menstrual 
period. 

Pe r-i-or ' lu-ta.:;:  [From  nepi,  “ around,” 
and  or'bita , the  “orbit.”]  The  lining 
membrane  of  the  orbit  or  socket  of  the 
eye  ; the  periosteum  of  the  orbit. 

Perioste.  See  Periosteum. 

Per-i-os-te-i'tis.*  The  same  as 
Periostitis,  which  see. 

Per-i-os'te-um.;;:  [From  nepi,  “a- 

round,”  and  dareov,  a “bone.”]  (Fr. 
Perioste,  p&'r^'ost'.)  The  thin,  delicate 
membrane  forming  the  immediate  cov- 
ering of  the  bones. 

Per-i-os-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From  peri- 
os'teum .]  Inflammation  of  the  perios- 
teum. 

Per-i-os-to'ma,  a 'tis.%  [From  nepi , 
“around,”  and  osio'ma,  an  “osseous 
tumor.”]  A morbid  osseous  formation 
surrounding  a bone:  a periostome. 

Per-i-os«to'sis.*  The  progress  or 
formation  of  periostoma. 


405 


PER 


PER 


Per-i-peta-loas.  [Peripet'afEis ; 

from  7 rapt,  “ around/,  and  naraXos,  a 
“petal.”]  Surrounding  the  petals. 

Per>i-pha-ci'tis,  i.dis.%  [From  per- 
iph'acus.]  Inflammation  of  the  capsule 
of  the  eye;  circumfused  inflammation 
of  the  lens. 

JPe-rijp3a'a-eiES.*'  [From  nepi,  “ a- 
round,”  and  <-/>av<k,  a “ lentil/’  and  hence 
a “lens.”]  The  capsule  of  the  lens  of 
the  eye. 

Pe-ripla'e-ral.  [From  periphe'ria , 
the  “periphery.”]  Belonging  to  the 
periphery  of  any  roundish  substance. 
Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as  meaning 
“ towards  the  circumference.” 

Per-i-pluer'ic,  or  Pei’-I-pltier'i-cal. 
[Periphea*  icus.]  Relating  to  the 
periphery,  or  situated  around  the  periph- 
ery of  an  organ. 

Peripherie  Im'pral-ses.  A term 
applied  by  Naumann  to  the  influence 
which  is  transmitted  from  the  nerves  of 
any  particular  part  of  the  body  to  the 
centres  of  the  nervous  system  (i.e.  the 
brain  and  the  spinal  cord). 

]Pe-riph'e-ry.  [PeripEie'ria;  from 
nspi,  “ about,”  and  Qcpo),  to  “ carry.”] 
The  circumference  of  a circle,  ellipse,  or 
other  similar  figure. 

Per-I-pla^l'lEim.*  [From  mpi,  “a- 
round,”  and  $vXXoj,  a “leaf.”]  Applied 
in  the  plural  (periphyV la)  to  the  scales 
around  the  ovary  of  the  Graminacese. 

Per  - ip  - neiH  - she®  'em  - a Xo'Maa.* 
(“Spurious  or  Bastard  Peripneumony.”) 
A name  applied  to  a variety  of  acute 
bronchitis. 

Per-ip-aieM-iM©3E'ie.  [Peripaieia- 
mon'lcus.]  Belonging  to  peripneu- 
mony. 

PeriipneoairaEoiaitis.  See  Pneumonia. 

Per-ip-saeai'iniio-iEy.  pPeripaaeiii- 
mo'aiia ; from  napi,  “around,”  or  “ near,” 
and  7 rjzvpwj,  the  “organs  of  breathing;” 
hence,  perhaps,  the  principal  air-pas- 
sages.]  Inflammation  of  the  substance 
of  the  lungs,  being  that  part  which  sur- 
rounds the  air-passages.  See  Pneu- 
monia. 

Per'i-sperm.  [JPerisper'miiiiitm, 
or  IPerisper'inmm ; from  -cpi,  “a- 
round,”  or  “ near,”  and  airappia,  a “ seed.”] 
The  albumen  of  the  seed  of  plants. 

2Per-a-sper' innate.  [Penrisiwer 'ma- 
tt 113,  or  IPerisper'miiCMS.]  Provided 
with  aperisperm:  perisper'inic. 

P£r-i-sta'«flBy-unm.**  [From  irepi, 
“ around,”  or  “ near,”  and  cttclxvs,  a 
“ spike,”  or  “ ear.”]  Applied  to  the 
glume  of  the  Graminacese. 

406 


Per-i-stal'tic.  [Perastal'ticns ; 

from  7T£pioreXXcj,  to  “ contract.”]  Applied 
to  the  peculiar  movement  of  the  intes- 
tines, like  that  of  a worm  in  its  progress 
(hence  also  named  vermicular  motion),  by 
which  they  gradually  propel  their  con- 
tents; applied  by  M.  Hall  to  all  the 
movements  of  the  heart,  stomach,  intes- 
tines, uterus,  etc.,  which  movements  are 
not  directly  dependent  on  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

Per-i-sta-min'e-us.*  [From  7 rcpt, 
“ around,”  and  sta’men.']  Applied  in 
the  plural  feminine  ( peri  slantin'  ese),  in 
the  Jussieuan  system,  to  dicotyledonous, 
apetalous  plants,  in  which  the  stamens 
are  perigynous. 

Per-i-sta-min'i-us.*  The  same  as 

Peristamineus. 

Per-i-staph-y-li'nus.^  [From  tcz pi, 
“around,”  and  ora^vXi],  the  “uvula.”] 
Belonging  to,  or  connected  with,  the 
uvula:  peristaphyline.  A term  applied 
to  two  muscles  of  the  palate,  the  exter- 
nals, or  circumflexus  palati,  and  the  inter- 
nits, or  levator  pcilati  mollis. 

Per-i-stapEa'y-I®  PSiiar-yTi-ge'iiis  ** 
[from  <pupx/£,  the  “pharynx”].  The  first, 
or  upper,  portion  of  the  palato-pharyn- 
geus  muscle;  the  second,  or  middle,  por- 
tion is  termed pharyngo-staphylinus  ; the 
third,  or  lower,  portion,  t hy  ro -s taphylin us. 

Pea*-a-ste0Ei'o-imfls.;::'  [From  ~:p[,  “ a- 
round,”  and  vrrip coy,  a “stamen.”]  The 
same  as  Peristamineus,  which  see. 

Pe-ris'to-Mma,  a 'tis.®  [From  n zpi, 
“ around,”  and  artya,  a “ mouth.”]  The 
margin  or  circumference  of  a mouth,  or 
of  a mouth-like  opening : a peristome. 

Per 'I-stonne.  [Peristo'mmm ; 

from  the  same.]  The  fringe  of  rigid 
processes  around  the  mouth  of  the  spore- 
case  or  theca  of  certain  mosses. 

Per-I-stom'ic.  [Peristom'icns.] 
Belonging  to  a peristome. 

Per'i-style.  [Peristy'lBis ; from 
7 rapt,  “around,”  and  crOAo;,  a “pillar.”] 
A range  of  columns  around  an  edifice. 
Also,  a series  of  stamens  inserted  around 
the  ovary. 

P&r-I-sys'to-le.**  [From  7 rcpt, 

“around,”  or  “near,”  and  (nxrroXrj,  “con- 
traction.”] The  instant  of  time  between 
the  contraction  and  dilatation  of  the 
heart,  perceptible,  it  is  said,  only  in  the 
(lying. 

PfTitoine.  See  Peritoneum. 

Pc-rat'o-EEioiss.  [From  nspi,  “a- 
round,”  and  r:pyaj,  to  “cut.”]  Applied 
in  Mineralogy  to  cleavage  parallel  to  the 
axis  and  in  more  than  one  direction. 


PER 


PER 


Fer-i-to-iue'um,*  or  P£r-i-to-ne'- 
lim.  [From  -ncpndvu,  to  “ stretch 
around/’  or  “ stretch  all  over/’]  (Er. 
Peritoine , p&'r&'tw&N'.)  A strong  serous 
membrane  investing  the  entire  parietes 
and  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 

Per-i-io-ni'tis,  idisS  [From  peri- 
toms' urn. \ Inflammation  of  the  perito- 
neum lining  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men ; when  it  attacks  that  investing 
any  of  the  viscera,  the  disease  usually 
takes  the  name  of  the  viscus,  as  enteritis , 
gastritis,  hepatitis , nephritis , etc. 

Per-i-tre'imi,  ntisS  [From  mpi, 
“around,”  and  rpnpa,  a “hole.”]  The 
per'itreme.  In  Entomology,  a small  piece 
of  hornlike  substance  surrounding  the 
stigmatic  opening  along  the  anterior  bor- 
der of  the  episternum,  or  sternum,  of  the 
Hc.rap'oda. 

Pe-rit'ro-pal,  or  Per-it'ro-gious. 

[From  7 repi,  “around,”  and  rpenco,  to 
“turn.”]  Horizontal  to  the  axis  of  the 
fruit.  Applied  to  an  embryo  of  a plant. 

Per-i-zo'ma.*  [F rom  rrepi,  “ around,” 
and  i \uvvvpi , to  “gird.”]  Literally,  a 
“girdle,”  a “truss.”  A name  for  the 
diaphragm. 

Per'kin-ism.  A mode  of  treatment 
first  employed  by  Dr.  Perkins,  of  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut.  It  consists  in  apply- 
ing to  the  diseased  part,  the  extremities 
of  two  metallic  rods,  made  of  different 
metals,  and  called  Metallic  Tractors. 
The  success  obtained  was  probably 
through  the  influence  of  the  imagination. 

Per'late.  [Perla'tus;  from  the  Ita- 
lian and  Spanish  per' la,  a “pearl.”] 
“Pearled.”  Applied  to  leaves  raised 
from  small,  round,  firm  eminences ; also 
to  the  expansions  of  lichens  provided 
with  round  tubercles,  compared  to  an 
embroidery  of  small  pearls;  and  some- 
times to  plants  of  which  the  white  flowers 
are  disposed  in  small  oblong  bunches. 

Perle,  peRl.  The  French  name  for 
Pearl,  which  see. 

Permanent.  See  Persistent. 

Per-man-gan'ic  A^'id.  A name 
proposed  for  the  compound  previously 
called  manganesic  acid. 

Per-me-a-MS'i-t5r.  [PermeaMl'i- 
tas,  a'tis ; from  per,  “ through,”  and 
me'o,  to  “pass.”]  That  property  of 
certain  bodies  which  permits  others  to 
pass  through  their  pores. 

Per'me-a-Me.  [X?ermeab'iflis;from 
the  same.]  Per'vious ; that  may  be  per- 
meated ; that  possesses  permeability. 

Per-mis'tion.  [Permis'ti©,  o'nis, 
or  Permix'tio,  o'nis ; from  per, 


“through,”  or  “thorough,”  and  mis' coo , 
mis' turn  or  mix' turn,  to  “ mix.”]  A com- 
plete mingling  or  mixture. 

Per  inu-tate.  [Pernmta'tns;  from 
permu'to,  permuta' turn , to  “change,”  or 
“ interchange.”]  Applied  to  flowers  in 
which  the  abortion  of  the  sexual  organs 
causes  a remarkable  change  in  the  floral 
teguments,  as  in  many  double  flowers. 

Per-nH*'ious  [from  perni^'ies,  “de- 
struction”] Fe'ver.  A name  applied 
by  Dr.  Wood  to  a form  of  congestive  in- 
termittent, on  account  of  its  great  fatality . 

Per'm-o,  o'nis  S'  [From  ndpra,  the 
“heel.”]  A kibe  or  chilblain. 

Per'nio  Simplex.*  (“Simple 
Chilblain.”)  Chilblain  in  which  the 
cuticle  is  unbroken. 

Per-o-iiae'us,*  or  Pcr-o-nc'us.- 
[From  nepovr],  the  “fibula.”]  Perone'al. 
Belonging  to  or  connected  with  the 
fibula. 

Perome'us  (or  Pcrone'us)  Kre'- 
vis.®  (“Short  Pcromeal  [Muscle].”)  A 
muscle  of  the  leg,  situate  belowr  the 
peronseus  longus.  It  is  attached  above  to 
the  outer  surface  of  the  fibula. 

Peronai'iss  JLon'g-iis."*  (“Long  Per- 
onseal  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  placed  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg,  and  under  the 
sole  of  the  foot. 

Peronaiiss  Ter 'tins.*  (“Third 
Peronaeal  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising 
from  the  lower  third  of  the  fibula,  and 
inserted  into  the  outer  metatarsal  bone. 

Per'o-ne.*  [Gr.  Kspovn.]  The  fibula, 
or  external  bone  of  the  leg. 

P£ ron£,  p&'ro'n&'.  The  French  term 
for  Fibula,  which  see. 

Per-©-ne'al.  Belonging  to  the  fibula'. 
See  Peronseus. 

Peronens.  See  Peronseus. 

Per.  ©gj.  em et.  = Pcrac'td  operatio’- 
ne  emet'iciS  “When  the  operation  of 
the  emetic  is  finished.” 

Per-ox  i-dat-etS.  [Peroxy da' tus.] 
Applied  to  a metal,  or  other  simple  body, 
in  the  state  of  a peroxide. 

Per-ox'ide.  [Perox'ydwm ; from 
per,  “intensive,”  and  ox’ydum,  an 
“oxide.”]  The  compound  which  results 
from  the  combination  of  a simple  body 
with  the  maximum  of  oxygen. 

Perry.  [Vi 'mini  Pyra'ceiim.] 
[From  the  French  Poire,  a “pear.”]  A 
vinous  liquor  made  from  pears,  in  the 
same  way  as  cider  is  made  from  apples. 

Per'sl-ca.*  [From  Per' si  a,  its  native 
country.]  The  peach-tree,  or  the  Amyg'- 
dalus  Per'sica. 

Per-sis'tent.  [Persis'tens ; from 
407 


PER 


PES 


persis'to,  to  “continue,”  to  “persevere.”] 
Constant;  permanent;  remaining,  as 
the  leaves  of  evergreens  through  the 
winter,  and  the  calyx  of  many  plants 
until  the  fruit  is  formed. 

Per'so-nate.  [Persona'tus  5 from 
perso'na,  a “character  in  a drama,”  a 
“mask.”]  Masked;  disguised.  Ap- 
plied to  certain  flowers. 

Per-spe-cil'liim.*  [From  per, 
“through,”  and  spe'cio , to  “behold.”] 
An  eye-glass;  in  the  plural  [perspecil'la) 
spectacles. 

Per-spi-ra'tion.  [Perspira'tio, 

o'nis;  from  perspi'ro,  perspira'  turn,  to 
“ breathe  through.”]  The  fluid  secreted 
by  the  extremities  of  the  cutaneous  arte- 
ries on  the  surface  of  the  body ; sweat. 
See  Diaphoresis,  Hidrosis,  Sudation, 
and  Sudor. 

Perspiration,  Biminisked.  See 

Adiaphoresis,  Adiapneustia,  and  An- 

IDROSIS. 

Perspira'tion,  In-sen 'si-ble.  The 

same  as  Transpiration,  which  see. 

Perspiration,  Morbid.  See  Ephi- 
DROSIS. 

Perspiration,  Obstructed.  See 

Adiaphoresis,  and  Anidrosis. 

Pertnrba'tio  (per-tur-ba'she-o) 
Crit'i-ca.*  A critical  disturbance  or 
excitement  of  the  organism,  forming  the 
crisis  of  a disease. 

Per-tur-ba'tion.  [Pertnrba'tio, 

o'nis;  from  per,  “very,”  or  “greatly,” 
and  tur'bo,  turba'tum , to  “disturb.”]  In 
Pathology,  excessive  restlessness  or  dis- 
quiet. Applied  in  Astronomy  to  the  de- 
viation of  a celestial  body  from  the  ellip- 
tic orbit  which  it  would  describe  if  acted 
upon  by  no  other  attractive  force  than 
that  of  the  sun  or  central  body  around 
which  it  revolves. — (Brande.) 

Per-tuse'.  [Pertu'sus;  from  per- 
tun'do,  pertu'  sum,  to  “ pierce.”]  Pierced 
with  large  holes  distributed  irregularly. 
Applied  to  certain  parts  of  plants. 

Per-tus'sis.*  [From  per,  intensive, 
and  tu8f si s,  a “cough.”]  (Fr.  Toux  con- 
vulsive, too  k6x'vUl'sev',  and  Coqueluche, 
k&kTiish'.)  Hooping-cough.  A con- 
tagious disease  characterized  by  a con- 
vulsive strangulating  cough,  with  hoop- 
ing, returning  by  fits  which  are  usually 
terminated  by  vomiting.  A genus  of  the 
order  Spasmi , class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Per-u-if'er-ns.**  [From  Peruvia'nns, 
“ Peruvian,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Lit- 
erally, “ bearing  what  is  Peruvian  :”  as, 
Myro8permu>n  Peruiferum , the  “ Myro- 
408 


spermum  which  produces  the  Peruvian 
[Balsam].” 

Peru-late.  [Perula'tus.]  Hav- 
ing bud-scales  ( perulsc ). 

Per'ule.  [Per'ula;  diminutive  of 
pe'ra,  a “shepherd’s  pouch.”]  In  Botany, 
a kind  of  sac  formed  by  the  prolonged, 
adherent  bases  of  two  lobes  of  the  peri- 
gone  of  certain  Orchideie  ; also,  the  en- 
velope of  buds  of  trees  of  cold  climates; 
a bud-scale. 

Peruvian  Balsam.  See  Balsam 

of  Peru. 

Peruvian  Bark.  See  Cinchona. 

Pe-ru«vi«a'nus.  ::  Belonging  to  Peru : 
Peru'vian. 

Per-vl-gfiri-um.*  [From  per,  in- 
tensive, and  vig'ilo,  to  “ watch.”]  Dis- 
inclination to  sleep;  watching;  vigi- 
lance. 

Pes,*  gen.  Pe'dis.  [From  -nov;,  a 
“foot.”]  (Fr.  Pied,  pe-d'.)  The  foot; 
the  base  on  which  the  body  rests  when 
standing.  It  consists  of  the  tarsus,  me- 
tatarsus, and  toes;  with  their  blood-ves- 
sels, nerves,  tendons,  sheaths,  and  integu- 
ments. 

Pes  An-se-ri'nus.*  (“  Goose-Foot.”) 
The  distribution  of  the  facial  nerve,  so 
called  from  a fancied  resemblance;  the 
parotidean  plexus. 

Pes  Equinus.  See  Talipes  Equi- 

NUS. 

Pes  Mip-po-eam'pi.*  (“Foot  of 
the  Hippocampus.”)  Properly,  the  ante- 
rior  part  of  the  hippocampus , but  often 
used  as  synonymous  with  hippocampus. 

Pes'sa-ry.  [Pessa'rium ; from 

rig,  an  “oval-shaped  stone.”]  (Fr. 
Pcssaire,  pes'seu'.)  An  instrument  in 
the  form  of  a ring,  or  ball,  for  intro- 
duction into  the  vagina,  to  prevent  or 
remedy  the  prolapse  of  the  uterus. 

Peste.  See  Pestis. 

Pes-tif 'er-ous.  [Pes'tifer ; from 
pes'tis,  a “plague,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear,”  or  “produce.”]  Producing  or 
causing  pestilence. 

Pes'tl-lence.  [Pestilen'tia,  and 
Pes'tis.]  A contagious  or  infectious 
disease  which  is  epidemic,  or  endemic, 
and  fatal ; a plague. 

Pes-ti-len'tial,  or  PSs'ti-lent. 
[Pestilentia'Iis.]  Pertaining  to  pesti- 
lence; producing  the  plague,  or  pesti- 
lence. 

P£s'tis.*  (Fr.  Pcste,  pest.)  The 
plague,  a disease  characterized  by  ty- 
phus fever,  great  prostration  of  strength, 
buboes,  carbuncles,  petechise,  haemor- 
rhage, and  sometimes  by  diarrhoea  A 


PES 


PET 


genus  of  the  order  Exanthemata , class 
Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pestle.  [Pistil' 1 u m.]  An  instru- 
ment to  pound  with  in  a mortar. 

Pet'al.  [Lat.  Pet'alum ; Gr.  nbaXov, 
an  “ expanded  leaf.”]  A flower-leaf  ; a 
leaf  of  a corolla. 

Pet-a-lan 'thus.*  [From  ncTa'Xoj,  a 
“ petal,”  and  avtio;,  a “ flower.”]  Having 
flowers  with  petals. 

Pe-tal'i-fiorm.  [Petalifor'mis ; 

from  ‘n&akoj,  a “ petal.”]  Shaped  like  a 
petal ; petaloid. 

Pet-a-lo'de£.*  [From  nsraXoy,  a “ pet- 
al,” and  eldo;,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
petals ; also,  having  petals,  or  the  appear- 
ance of  petals. 

Pet-a-lo 'de-us.*  The  same  as  Pet- 
alodes,  which  see. 

Pet'a-loid.  [Petaloi'des ; from 
7r ztclXoj,  a “ petal,”  and  eito;,  a “ form.”] 
Resembling  a petal. 

Pet'a-Ious.  Having  petals. 

Pe-te'ehi-a,*  plural  Pe-te'cM-ae. 
[From  pete'chio,  a “ flea-bite.”]  A small 
red  or  purplish  spot,  like  a flea-bite. 

Pete'chise  si  ne  Fe'bre.*  (“  Pete- 
chias without  Fever.”)  A term  ap- 
plied to  purpura  simplex,  or  petechial 
scurvy. 

Pe-te'«hi-al,  or  pe-tek'e-al.  [Pe- 
techia'lis.J  Belonging  to  petechise. 

Pe-ti-o-la'ceous.  [Petiola'ceus ; 

from  peti'olus , a “ petiole.”]  Applied  to 
buds  when  the  bases  of  the  petioles,  di- 
lated into  shells,  form  the  investiture  of 
the  young  shoot. 

Pet'I-o-lar.  [Petiola'ris.]  Belong- 
ing to  a petiole,  or  borne  on  a petiole. 

Pet'i-o-late.  [Petiola'tus.]  Pro- 
vided with  a petiole. 

Pet-i-o-la'tion.  [Petaola'tio,  o'wts.] 
The  state  of  leaves  provided  with  a 
petiole. 

Pet'i-ole.  [Peti'olus;  diminutive 
of  pes,  a “foot.”]  The  foot-stalk  of  a 
leaf ; a leaf-stalk. 

Pet-I-o  1 ' u-Iate.  [Petiolu  la'  tus.  ] 

Applied  to  a foiiole  borne  upon  a petio- 
lule. 

Pet'I-o-lule.  [Petiol'ulus;  diminu- 
tive of  peti’olus,  a “petiole.”]  The  par- 
ticular petiole  of  each  foiiole  in  a com- 
pound leaf. 

Petit  Argent,  peh-t&'  taR'zhoN°'.  A 
French  term  for  Platinum,  which  see. 

Petit  (peh-te'),  Ca-nal'  of.  A small 
triangular  canal,  between  the  layers  of 
the  hyaloid  membrane  that  enclose  the 
crystalline  lens  : discovered  by  Petit. 

Petite  V€role,  peh-t&t'  v&'rol'.  A 
35* 


French  name  for  “small-pox.”  See 
Variola. 

Petit  Mai.  peh-t6'  m&l.  A French 
term  for  the  slighter  form  of  epilepsy. 

Pet i veri aceae,*  pet-e-ve-re-a'she-e. 
[From  Petive’ria , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
small  natural  order  of  exogenous  West 
Indian  or  tropical  plants  (herbs  or  under- 
shrubs). 

Pe-tral'o-gy.  [Petralo'gia:  from 

7 rerpa,  a “rock,”  and  \oyo$,  a “discourse.”] 
The  science  which  treats  of  the  nature  of 
rocks. 

Petrelseum.  See  Petroleum. 

Pet-ri-fac'tion.  [From  pe’lra,  a 
“rock,”  and  fa’cio , to  “make.”]  The 
act  of  petrifying,  or  converting  into 
stone.  Also  applied  to  a body  changed 
into  stone.  The  term  petrifaction  is  ap- 
plied by  Virchow  to  the  change  which 
takes  place  when  any  soft-  part  of  the 
body  assumes  the  form  or  appearance  of 
b<»ne  by  absorbing  calcareous  matter.  In 
this  sense,  it  is  synonymous  with  calcifi- 
cation, and  must  not  be  confounded  with 
ossification,  which  denotes  the  formation 
of  actual  bone. 

Petrification.  See  Petrifaction. 

Pet-ro-graph  I-cal.  [Petrograpli 
icus.]  Belonging  to  petrography. 

Pe- 1 rog ' ra- phy . [ Pet rogra ' p h ia ; 

from  nhpa,  a “rock,”  and  ypatym,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  rocks;  or 
the  art  of  writing  on  stone. 

Pe-tro'le-um.*  [From  pe'tra , a 
“rock,”  and  o’leum,  “oil.”]  “Rock  oil.” 
A bituminous  liquid  substance  that  flows 
between  rocks,  or  issues  from  the  earth. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  and 
Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  Petroleum  Barhadense. 

Petroleum  Bar-ba-den'se.*  A 
kind  of  tar  found  in  some  parts  of  Eng- 
land and  Scotland;  mineral  tar;  termed 
also  Bitumen  Barhadense. 

Pet'ro-lin,  or  Pet'ro-line.  [Pet- 
roli'na.]  A substance  obtained  by  dis- 
tillation from  petroleum. 

Pet-ro-mas'toid.  [From  nzrpa,  a 
“rock,”  and  mastoi'des.]  Applied  by 
Owen  to  the  liomologues  of  the  mastoid 
process  in  certain  mammalia. 

Pe-troph  'i-lus.*  [From  irtrpa,  a 
“rock,”  and  0iAi&>,  to  “love.”]  Literally, 
“loving  rocks.”  Growing  in  rocky  or 
stony  places:  petroph'ilous. 

Pe-tro'sal.  [Petro'sus;  from  7r erpa, 
a “rock.”]  Belonging  to  the  petrous 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 

Petro'sal  Si  nus.  Applied  to  each 
of  two  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  tho 
superior  and  inferior,  leading  from  the 
409 


PET 


PHA 


cavernous  sinus  backwards  to  the  lateral 
sinus : so  named  because  they  are  adjacent 
to  the  petrous  bone. 

Pet-ro-se-li'num.*  [From  rhpa,  a 
"rock,”  and  aeKivov,  “ parsley :”  named 
because  it  grows  among  stony  places.] 
Parsley.  A Linnman  genus  of  the  class 
Pentnndria,  natural  order  Apiaceve.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  root  of  Petroseli'num  sati'vum.  See 
Apittm  Petroselinum. 

Petroseli'mam  Sa-ti'vum.*  The 
systematic  name  of  the  common  parsley- 
plant.  Also  called  Apium  Petroseli- 
num. 

Petroseli'num  Vul-ga're.*  An- 
other name  for  Petroselinum  Sativum, 
which  see. 

Pe  trous.  [Petro'sws;  from  nsTpa, 
a “rock.”]  Belonging  to,  or  resembling, 
a rock  or  stone.  See  Petrosal. 

Pew'ter.  [OklFrench,  Peautre, po't’r; 
modern  French,  Etain,  AtaNG'.]  An  alloy 
of  tin  and  lead,  to  which  antimony  and 
copper  in  small  proportions  are  some- 
times added. 

Pey'er’s  Glands  [Peye'ri  Glan'- 
dulse],  or  Pey'er’s  Patcli'es.  The 

glandulse  aggregatse,  or  assemblages  of 
minute  glands  on  the  internal  surface  of 
the  intestines,  first  noticed  by  Peyer. 
According  to  Virchow,  “a  Peyer’s  Patch 
is  nothing  more  than  a lymphatic  gland 
spread  out  as  it  were  upon  the  sur- 
face.” 

Plia-^i'tis,  i dis.%  [From  (paxog , the 
“lentil;”  also,  the  “lens  of  the  eye.”] 
Inflammation  of  the  crystalline  lens. 

PSiac-o-cys'ta,*  or  Pliac-o-^ys'te.* 
[From  (paxog,  a “lentil,”  and  tcvurri  or  kvj- 
ng,  a “bag.”]  The  capsule  of  the  crys- 
talline lens. 

Phac-o-sys-tec'to-me.*  [From  pha- 
coeys'ta , and  Iktojx  17,  a “ cutting  out.”] 
Rognetta’s  operation  for  cataract  by  cut- 
ting out  a part  of  the  capsule. 

Plaac-o-^ys-tec'to-miis.*  The  in- 
strument used  in  the  operation  of  pha- 
cocystectomy : a phacocystectome. 

Phac-o-^ys-ti'tis,  i die.*  [From 
phacocys' ta.\  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline  lens. 

Plia-co-i'tles.*  [From  a “len- 
til,” and  dbog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
a lentil  in  form. 

Pliacomalacta,*  fak-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From  (baxdg , a “lentil,”  or  “lens,”  and 
paXaKia,  “softness.”]  Softening  of  the 
crystalline  lens. 

Phac-o-plas'ma,  at/s.*  [From  0a- 
c<5f,  a “lentil,”  and  irXdoyia,  “any  thing 
410 


moulded.”]  A cataplasm,  or  poultice, 
of  lentils ; also  applied  to  a poultice  of 
linseed  meal. 

Piisen-o-car'piis.*  [From  (pairo/xai , 
to  “appear,”  and  xap-rrog,  “fruit.”]  Hav- 
ing fruits  very  apparent. 

Phse-nog'a-mous.  [Ptisenoga'- 
mius:  from  (paircn , to  “appear,”  and 
ydpog,  “marriage.”]  Having  stamens 
and  pistils  distinctly  developed;  having 
manifest  flowers.  See  Phanerogamus. 

Phenomenon.  See  Phenomenon. 

Phse-noiiie-no-sco'pi-a.*  [F  rom 
phsenom' enon,  and  ckottm,  to  “examine.”] 
The  observation  and  examination  of 
(morbid)  phenomena. 

Pliag-e-tBse'na.*  [From  (pdyco , to 
“eat,”  or  “eat  away.”]  A malignant 
ulcer  which  spreads  very  rapidly. 

Phagedena  Gan-gre-no'sa.* 
Hospital  gangrene. 

Phag-e-den 'ic.  [Phageden'icus.] 
Belonging  to  phagedsena. 

P2ia-lan  'ga-gra,*  Pha-lan-gar- 
tliri  tis,  idis*  [From  pka'lanx,  aypa, 
a “seizure,”  and  arthri'tis , “gout.”] 
Gout  of  the  finger  or  toe. 

Plia-lasi'ges,*  the  plural  of  Phalanx, 
which  see. 

PSaa-lan'gic.  [Pfaalan'giciss.]  Be- 
longing to  the  phalanges. 

PSial'anx*  or  fa'lanks,  plural  Plia- 
lan'ges.  [Gr.  0aAayf,  a “battalion.”] 
Applied  in  the  plural  to  the  small  bones 
of  the  fingers  and  toes.  In  Botany,  it 
signifies  bundles  of  adelphous  or  clus- 
tered stamens. 

Plial- 1 al ' gi-a.*  [From  (pa\\6g,  the 
“ memhrum  virile ,”  or  “penis,”  and  aKyog, 
“pain.”]  Pain  in  the  memhmm  virile. 

P2Bal-la-iiefi-rys'ina,  a /«'*.*  [From 
0aXXo$,  the  “ memhrum  virile ,”  or  “penis,” 
and  (bmp  'Gpia,  a “ widening,”  also  “ aneur- 
ism.”] Aneurism  of  the  penis. 

P2nal-lo-l>len-nor-rlioe'a.*  [From 
0aXXoj,  the  “penis,”  and  hlennorrhoe'a.'] 
Chronic  hlennorrlicea,  or  gleet. 

Phal-lo-car-^i-iio'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
(pa\\6g,  the  “penis,”  and  xapKircj/xa,  “can- 
cer.”] Cancer  of  the  penis. 

Plial-lo-i'cles.*  [From  0aXX<5?,  the 
“ penis,”  and ddog,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
a penis. 

Plial-lon 'cns.*  [From  (pa\\6g,  the 
“penis,”  and  oyxog,  a “tumor.”]  A mor- 
bid swelling  of  the  penis. 

Plial-lor-rlia'gl-a.*  [From  (p<i\\6g, 
the  “ penis,”  and  fay r"fu,  to  “ burst  forth.”] 
A bursting  forth  of  blood  from  the  penis. 

Phal-lor-rhoe'a.*  [From  0a>\6c,  the 
“penis,”  and  /5io>,  to  “flow.”]  A flovt 


PII A 


PHA 


from  the  penis  (or  urethra).  Another 
term  for  gonorrhoea. 

Phan-er-an-tlie'rus,*  Phan-e- 
raii'thus.  - [From  (pou/epog,  “ evident, ” 
dvOripos,  an  “ anther,”  and  dudog,  a “flow- 
er.”] Having  anthers  on  the  outside: 
phaneranthe'rous. 

Plmii-e-r©g'a-iirioiis.  [Phanerog'- 
amus  Phaneroga'mius;  from  (paxt- 
pog,  “manifest,”  “conspicuous,”  and  ydpog, 
“ marriage,”  or  “ union.”]  Having  mani- 
fest or  conspicuous  flowers.  A term  ap- 
plied to  a grand  division  of  plants,  called 
also  flowering , or  ph&nogamous,  plants. 

Ptian-tas'ma,  a tisS:  [From  0a^ra^a», 
to  “make  appear.”]  Phantasm.  An 
apparition;  an  imaginary  representation 
of  objects  not  really  present,  the  effect 
of  disease  of  the  eye  or  brain  ; phantasy. 

Phan- 1 as-  in  al ' ic.  [ Ph  an  t asniat 
icws.]  Pertaining  to  phantasma. 

Phantom.  [Phanto'ma,  a tis  ; 
from  (pai/rdfa,  to  “make  visible.”]  The 
same  as  Phantasma.  Also,  the  small 
effigy  of  a child  employed  to  illustrate 
the  progress  of  labor. 

Phar-bi'tis  Nil.*  A convolvula- 
ceous  tropical  plant  with  purgative  seeds, 
which  may  be  substituted  for  jalap. 

Pliar-ma^eh'tic.  [Pharmaeeu- 
liens;  from  (pappaKsvu , to  “use  medi- 
cines.”] Belonging  to  pharmacy. 

Phar-ma-^eti ' t ics.  [Pliarmaceu  '« 
tica;  from  the  same.]  The  science  of 
preparing  medicines. 

Ptiar-ina-ceii'tist.  One  skilled  in 
pharmacy ; a druggist. 

Phar'ma-cist.  The  same  as  Phar- 
maceutist. 

Phar-ma-co-dy-nam  ics.  [Phar- 
macotlynam'ica;  from  (pdp/xaKov,  a 
“medicine,”  also  “poison,”  and  Zvvapig, 
“power.”]  That  branch  of  Materia 
Medica  which  treats  of  the  power  or 
effects  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

Phar-ma-cog'no-sy.  [From  (pappa- 
kov,  a “ medicine,”  and  yv'Txng,  “know- 
ledge.”] That  branch  of  Pharmacology 
which  treats  of  simples  or  unprepared 
medicines. 

Phar-ma-co-logi-cal.  [Phanna- 
colog'icus.]  Of,  or  belonging  to,  Phar- 
macology. 

Pit  ar-ma-col'o-gy.  [Pharmaco- 

lo'gia?  from  <pdppaKov , a “medicine,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
art  or  science  of  preparing  medicines; 
that  branch  of  science  which  treats  of 
medicines;  pharmacy. 

Phar  ma-con.*  [Gr.  (pappaxo \]  A 
medicine;  a drug;  also,  a poison. 


Phar-ma-co-poe'ia.*  [From  <pappa- 
koi/,  a “medicine,”  and  -noicu >,  to  “make.”] 
A book  containing  directions  for  com- 
pounding or  preparing  medicines. 

Ptiar-ina-co-poe'ial.  [Pharma- 

copoeia'lis.]  Of,  or  belonging  to,  a 
pharmacopoeia. 

Phar'ma-cy.  [Pharma  cia;  from 
<pdppa.Kov , a “medicine.”]  Th6  art  of  pre- 
paring medicines  to  be  used  in  the  treat- 
ment of  diseases ; the  trade  of  a drug- 
gist. 

Pliar-yn-gargi-a.*  [From  (poovy% , 
the  “throat,”  or  “pharynx,”  and  a\yog , 
“pain.”]  Pain  in  the  pharynx. 

Pliar-yn-gal'g-i-cus.*  Belonging  to 

pharynya  lyi  a. 

Phar-yn-ge'al.  [Pharynge'us ; 

from  (papvy%,  the  “ pharynx.”]  Belonging 
to  the  pharynx. 

Pha-ry  n-gein-plt  rax ' is.*  [From 

< p'ipvy£ , the  “pharynx,”  and  epppa^ig,  a 
“stoppage.”]  A stoppage  or  obstruction 
in  the  pharynx. 

Pltar-yn-gis'mus.*  [From  (pdpvyt , 
the  “pharynx.”]  Spasm  of  the  muscles 
of  the  pharynx. 

Pliar-yn-gi'tis,  idis*  [From  0dpuy£, 
the  “pharynx.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
pharynx;  also  termed  Cynan'che  phar- 
ynge’et. 

Plta-ryn'g’O-dyn  'l-a.*  [From  <pdpvy%, 
the  “pharynx,”  and  oovsri,  “pain.”] 
Pain,  spasmodic  or  chronic,  of  the  phar- 
ynx. 

Ptiar-y  Bi-gol  'o-gy.  [From  0ap»y£, 
the  “pharynx,”  and  Adyoj,  a “discourse.”] 
That  part  ot  Anatomy  which  treats  of 
the  pharynx. 

Pfia-ryn'go-per-is'to-le.*  [From 

<pdpvy(,  the  “pharynx,”  nepi,  “around,” 
and  arsXXco,  to  “set,”  to  “arrange;”  also, 
to  “bind.”]  Contraction  or  constriction 
of  the  pharynx.  See  Pharyngostenia. 

PIb a-r yji 'go-pl e 'gi-a.*  [From  0dpuy£ , 
the  “pharynx,”  and?rA?7y)?,  a“  stroke.”]  A 
paralysis  of  the  muscles  of  the  pharynx. 

Pfoa-ryBi-gor-rlia'gi-a.*  [From 

(pap ’>y£,  the  “pharynx,”  and  prjywpi , to 
“burst  forth.”]  A bursting  forth  or 
sudden  discharge  (of  blood)  from  the 
pharynx. 

Ptia-ryn-go-spas'inns.*  [From 

<pdpvyl,  the  “pharynx,”  and  o-rtaopog,  a 
“convulsion.”]  Spasm  of  the  pharynx. 

Plaa-ryn-go-ste'ni-a.*  [From  <pdpvy%, 
the  “pharynx,”  and  artvog,  a “strait,”  or 
“difficulty.”]  Contraction  of  the  phar- 
ynx, like  pharynyoperistole. 

PSia-ryn'go-toiiie.  [Pharyngot'- 
omus;  from  <papvy£,  the  “pharynx," 
411 


PHA 


PHL 


and  t£/a v(o,  to  ‘ cut.”]  An  instrument 
invented  by  Petit  for  scarifying  the  ton- 
sils and  opening  abscesses  about  the 
fauces. 

P2iar-yn-got'o-my.  [Pharyngo- 

to'mia;  from  the  same.]  The  operation 
of  cutting  into  the  pharynx. 

Phar'ynx.*  [Gr.0d/>uy£.J  The  com- 
mon opening  or  passage  of  the  gullet 
and  windpipe:  in  other  words,  the  mus- 
culo-membranous  sac  at  the  back  of 
the  mouth  and  upper  part  of  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

PEiase.  [Lat.  Pba'sis;  Gr.  <pdcns,  an 
“appearance.”]  Applied  in  Astronomy 
to  the  appearance  or  shape  which  the 
moon  and  some  of  the  planets  present, 
such  as  gibbous,  horned,  halved,  and 
round,  or  full. 

Piia-si-an'i-dse.*  [From  phasia'nusy 
a “pheasant.”]  The  name  of  a family 
of  gallinaceous  birds,  of  which  the 
pheasant  is  the  type. 

P2ia-si-a'mis.*  [Named  from  the 
river  Pkasis , in  Colchis  or  Pontus,  from 
which  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  brought 
into  Europe.]  The  pheasant.  A genus 
of  the  order  Gallinacese. 

FTiasia'iius  Col'clil-cus.**  (“  Colchi- 
can  Pheasant.”)  The  systematic  name 
of  the  common  pheasant,  the  flesh  of 
which  is  delicate  and  easy  of  digestion. 

Pliasiaiiiis  (Jal'liis.'-  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  common  domestic 
fowl;  also  called  Galina  doniesticus. 

P^at’ii ar-rlia'gl-a.*  [From  (fuxrvn, 
the  “socket  of  a tooth,”  and  piy^vpa,  to 
“break  or  burst  forth.”]  A sudden  dis- 
charge of  blood  from  an  alveolus , or 
tooth-socket. 

Pl»en-iro-pIio'bi-a.*  [From  (pcyyog , 
“light,”  and  ipofo;,  “fear.”]  A fear  or  in- 
tolerance of  light. 

Plien'l-cixi,  or  P2ien'i-cine.  [Pluoen- 
ici'na;  from  “purple.”]  A name 

given  by  Crum  to  the  substance  other- 
wise named  Indijo-carmina , which  he 
discovered. 

Plie-nom  e-aia-s-rapli'i-cal.  [Pbse- 
lioaieno^rapli'icus.]  Belonging  to 
phenomenography. 

Phe-Jiom’C-nog'ra-phy.  [Pbue- 
iioinenox'i’a'pliia;  from  phfennm'euon, 
and  ypipbiy  to  “write.”]  A history  of 
morbid  phenomena. 

Pli  e-31  i>in<e*ii  ol ' o-gy.  [ P!ia*n  om- 
enola'ftda;  from  phfpnom'enon , and  Ao- 
yo;,  a “discourse.”]  The  science  which 
treats  of  the  symptoms  or  phenomena  of 
disease. 

Phe-nom'e-nan.  [Plucnoin'e- 

412 


non,  or  Phaenom'enum;  from  (balvo . 
pm,  to  “appear.”]  An  appearance:  any 
thing  remarkable. 

Phi  al,  or  Vi'al.  [Plti'ala;  from 
<pui\n,  a “shallow  cup,  or  bowl.”]  A 
small  glass  bottle  for  containing  liquid 
medicines. 

Pfailaclelpbaeese,;::fil-a-del-fa'she-e. 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  natives  of  India,  Japan,  and 
North  America.  It  includes  the  Phila- 
del'phus  (Syringa,  or  Mock-Orange). 

PM-los'o-pber’s  Stone.  [La'pis 
Pliilosopho'rnm.]  An  imaginary  sub- 
stance which,  according  to  the  opinion 
of  the  alchemists,  had  the  power  to 
transmute  base  metals  into  gold. 

Pbi-los'o-pby.  [Fbiloso'ptnia ; 
from  (piXeixi , to  “love,”  and  ao^xa,  “wis- 
dom.”] The  knowledge  of  things,  natu- 
ral and  moral,  founded  upon  reason  and 
experience.  The  science  of  causes  and 
principles.  It  is  sometimes  employed  to 
signify  the  sum  total  of  systematic  human 
knowledge. 

Ptail'tre,  or  Phil'ter.  [From  (ptXico , 
to  “love.”]  A love-potion;  a medicine 
often  used  by  the  ancients  for  the  pur- 
pose of  inspiring  love. 

Pliilydraceue,*  fil-e-dra'she-e.  [From 
Philif' drum,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  China  and  New  Hol- 
land. 

Plai-nio'sis.*  [From  0</xow,  to  “ muz- 
zle,” to  “bind.”]  A constriction  of  the 
extremity  of  the  prepuce,  so  that  it  can- 
not be  drawn  back  to  uncover  the  glans. 

Phi-mot  i-cus.5  Belonging  to  phi- 
mosis  : phimoVlc. 

Pbleb-ec-ta'si-a,*  or  Phle-bec'ta- 

sas.-  [From  (fXhp,  a “vein,”  and  £ktuvoj, 
to  “ extend.”]  Terms  for  van* , an  en- 
larged or  swelled  vein. 

P3iIeb-ec-to'pi-a.*  [From  <fXhpy  a 
“vein,”  and  cktoxo;,  “out  of  place.”] 
The  abnormal  situation  of  a vein,  from 
original  malformation  or  the  pressure  of 
a tumor. 

Plile-bi'tfs,  i dis*  [From  <p\eip,  a 
“vein.”]  Inflammation  of  a vein.  It 
is  distinguished  by  a hard,  cord-like  line, 
tender  or  painful  on  being  touched,  ex- 
tending along  the  course  of  a vein  or 
veins,  from  an  incision  or  wound. 

Plilobi'tis.  IJ'ter-iiie.  A term  for 
puerperal  fever. 

Phle-bo'fleA.*  [From  (fiXeip,  a 

“ vein,”  and  ctdof,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
a vein;  also,  having  veins. 

Phle-bogr'ra-phy.  [Phlebogrra'- 


PHL 


PIIL 


ptiia  from  a “ vein,  ’ and  ypttdc j, 

to  “ write.”]  A description,  or  history, 
of  the  veins. 

P2ile-3>o-i'de§.*  [From  0Xri£,  a 
“vein,”  and  ebh;,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a vein : phlc'boid. 

Phleb'o-IIte.  [PUaJeboli'tes;  from 
a “ vein,”  and  \i0o;,  a “ stone.”] 
Literally,  “ vein-stone.”  Applied  to 
small,  fibrous,  dense  bodies  sometimes 
found  loose  in  the  veins. 

Phle-bol'o-gy.  [Pltoleboflo'gia ; 
from  a ‘‘vein,”  and  Xdyo;,  a “dis- 

course.”] A treatise  on  the  veins;  the 
anatomy  of  the  veins. 

PMcb'o-xne-tri'tis,  id  is*  [From 
^Xft//,  a “vein,”  and  metri'tis,  “inflam- 
mation of  the  womb.”]  Venous  me- 
tritis, or  inflammation  of  the  veins  of  the 
womb. 

Phleb-or-rha'gi-a.^  [From  <p\£ip,  a 
“vein,”  and  piiy^vjii,  to  “burst  forth.”] 
Sudden  discharge  of  blood  from  tho  rup- 
ture of  a vein*  phlcbor'rhagy. 

Pbleb-or-rhex'is.*  [From  (p\ty , a 
“vein,”  and  pV-is,  a “breaking,”  or 
“ bursting.”]  The  bursting,  or  rupture, 
of  a vein. 

Phi eb-o-ss e-nog' ra-pllii y . [ PBn leb- 
osc 331  os'ra'phia ; from  r/>X:^,  a “vein,” 
axrjny  a “ scene,”  and  ypJi^co,  to  “ write.”] 
An  illustrated  description  of  tho  veins. 
See  Phlebography. 

Phleb-o-tom  i-cal.  [Phlebotom'- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  phlebotomy. 

Phle-bot'o-my.  [PSaleboto'maa ; 
from  a “vein,”  and  r^tveu,  to  “cut.”] 
The  operation  of  opening  a vein ; vene- 
section ; blood-letting. 

Phlegm,  flem.  [Gr.  (fXsyya ; from 
0\;yco,  to  “burn.”]  Originally,  “inflam- 
mation,” but  afterwards  applied  to  cer- 
tain humors  supposed  to  be  tho  cause  of 
inflammation,  and  also  of  diseases  un- 
attended with  inflammation.  Ono  of  tho 
four  natural  humors  of  tho  ancients. 
A name  given  by  the  old  chemists  to  a 
watery  distilled  liquor,  as  distinguished 
from  a spirituous  liquor.  In  popular 
language,  the  thick  viscid  mucus  secreted 
by  the  lungs. 

Phlegmasia,*  fieg-ma'she-a,  plural 
Phlegmaslie,  fleg-m a/she- S.  [From 
( pXtyu >,  to  “ burn.”]  Phleg'masy.  In- 
flammation accompanied  by  fever.  In 
the  plural,  inflammations  with  fever. 
An  order  of  the  class  Pyrexise  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Phleg-ma-sit'i-eus.*  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  phlegmasia , or  inflammation;  in- 
flammatory. 


Phlegmatia,*  fleg-ma'she-a.  [From 

( pXzyixa , “ phlegm,”  a “ watery  humor.”] 
Dropsical  swelling. 

Phlegana'tia  JDo'lens.*  (“  Painful 
Plilegmatia.”)  White-leg.  A disease 
sometimes  occurring  in  women  soon  after 
delivery,  characterized  by  pain,  increas- 
ing to  an  excruciating  degree,  along  the 
thigh  and  leg  to  the  foot,  each  part  gra- 
dually becoming  much  swelled  and  very 
tense. 

Ph  leg-mat 'ic.  [Phlegamat'icus.] 

Relating  to  phlegm ; abounding  in 
phlegm;  dull;  sluggish. 

Ph  leg' moil.  [Phleg'mone;  from 
( pXiycx),  to  “burn.”]  A bright  red  in- 
flammation. 

Phleg'mo-noid.  [PSilcgmonoi'- 

des ; from  (pXsyjjiosrj,  a “ tumor,”  and  cldog, 
a “ form.”]  Resembling  phlegmon. 

Phlegmonosns.  See  Phlegmo- 
nous. 

Phleg'mo-iMKcs.  [Plulegmon©'- 

des;  from  ^Xsy^toy >7,  “tumor,”  cr  “in- 
flammation.”] Of  the  naturo  of  phleg- 
mon ; pertaining  to  phlegmon. 

Phloc-o-ri'ziiEi,  written  also  PCulo- 
rid'zin,  or  PCtlo-rid'z:ane.  [From 
<p\oio;,  “bark,”  and  pi'a,  a “root.”]  A 
peculiar  substance  discovered  in  the  bark 
of  tho  root  of  the  apple,  pear,  and  cherry 
tree. 

Phlo-gis'tic.  [Phlogis'ticus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  supposed  principle  named 
phlogiston;  also,  synonymous  with  “in- 
flammatory.” 

Pihlo-gis'ti-cat-ed  Air,  or  Phlo- 

gis'ticated  Gas.  A term  for  nitrogen. 

PEilo-gis'ton.*  [From  ^XoyGw,  to 
“burn.”]  An  imaginary  principle  by 
which  Stahl  and  the  chemists  of  his 
school  accounted  for  the  phenomena  of 
combustion.  They  supposed  the  matter 
of  fire  existing  in  combustible  bodies  to 
be  expelled  in  the  process  of  combustion. 
By  some,  phlogiston  was  thought  to  be 
identical  with  hydrogen ; while  oxygen 
was  termed  deplilogisticated  air,  that  is, 
air  destitute  of  phlogiston  (or  the  princi- 
ple of  inflammability). 

Plilo-gos'ic.  [PEilogos'icus ; Fi\ 
Plilogosique , flo'go'zek'.]  In  Pathology, 
belonging  to  phlogos is.  Applied  in  Geo- 
logy to  an  order  of  pyrogenous  earths, 
comprehending  the  Pseudo-Volcanic, 
which  see. 

PHalo-go'sis.*  [From  r/>Xoyda>,  to  “in- 
flame.”] Inflammation : somo  writers 
apply  it  to  erysipelatous  inflammation. 
A genus  of  the  order  Phlegmasia,  class 
Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

413 


PIIL 


PHO 


Phlo-got  ic.  [Phlog'ot'ieus.]  Be- 
longing to  phlogosis ; inflammatory. 

P2ilo-got  'i-ca.';ii  [ From  phlogot'  icusy 
“inflammatory.”]  The  name  of  an  or- 
der in  Dr.  (rood's  Nosology,  comprising 
the  various  forms  of  inflammation. 

Fliloridzin.  See  Phlceorizin. 

Phl|c*tjena.::  [From  <pXi 5o>,  to 

“bubble  up.”]  A pellucid  vesicle  con- 
ing a serous  fluid. 

Phlyc-tae-iio'des.*  [From  plilyc- 
tse'na .]  Having  or  resembling  phlyc- 
tsena. 

Phlyxj-taeii'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of 
phlyctse'na .]  A little  vesicle ; applied  to 
such  as  occur  in  scrofulous  inflammation 
of  the  conjunctiva,  filled  with  a thin, 
colorless  fluid. 

Phlyc'te-noid.  [Phlyctienoi'des ; 

from  phlyctse' na,  and  etSog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  phlyctsena. 

Plilyc'tis,  idis.%  [From  (fXv^a >,  to 
“boil.”]  The  same  as  Phlyctsena, 
which  see. 

Phly'sis.*  [From  (fXv^oi,  or  cj/Xv-jj,  to 
“ boil,”  to  “ swell  up.”]  A generic  term 
applied  by  Dr.  Good  to  the  different 
forms  of  whitlow. 

Paily-za/cious.  [Phlyza'cius.] 

Belonging  to  a phlyzacium. 

Phlyzacium,*  fli-za'she-um.  [From 
</>Xu,'co,  to  “ boil,”  to  “ swell  up.”]  Ap- 
plied by  Willan  to  a small  pustule  con- 
taining pus,  raised  on  a round,  hard, 
inflamed  base,  and  terminating  in  a dark- 
colored  scab. 

Piioenicisia.  See  Phenicin. 

Plioeu-i-cis'mus.*  [From 
“red.”]  A name  given  to  Rubeola, 
which  see. 

P3ioen-i-cis'ti-cus.*  Belonging  to 

phaenicisnius. 

Plioeii-i-cop'y-rus.*  [From  0om£, 
a “ purple-red,”  and  py'rum,  a “ pear.”] 
Having  pyriform  and  fed  fruit. 

Plioe'nix  Dac-ty-lif'e-ra.i:  The 

systematic  name  of  the  date  palm-tree. 

Phoea-o-dina,*  or  Phoeit'o-dine. 
[From  phaeno'des,  “of  a blood-color.”] 
A term  for  the  Cruor  sanguinis,  or  blood 
clot ; also  used  for  hsematina. 

Phoen-o-din'i-cus.*  Belonging  to 
phoenodi'na:  phenodinic. 

Plio-na'tion.  [Phona'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  “ voice.”]  The  formation 
of  the  voice;  also,  the  physiology  of  the 
voice. 

Pho-nct'ic.  [Phonet'icus;  from 
the  “ voice.”]  Pertaining  to  the 
voioe ; pertaining  to,  or  representing, 
artioulate  sounds. 

414 


| Phon'ic.  [Phon'icus;  from  the 
same.]  Sometimes  the  same  as  Phonetic. 
In  Physics,  the  point  or  place  in  which 
is  situated  either  the  person  who  speaks, 
or  the  body  which  emits  the  sound,  is 
called  the  phonic  centre. 

Plion'i-ca.*  [From plion'icns,  “per- 
taining to  sound.”]  Diseases  affecting 
the  vocal  avenues.  The  name  of  an  order 
in  Good’s  Nosology. 

Plaon'ics.  [From  the  same.]  The 
doctrine  or  science  of  sounds.  Sometimes 
employed  in  the  same  manner  as  Acous- 
tics. 

Phon-o-camp'sis.*  [From  pcoi >hf 
the  “ voice,”  and  leaning,  a “ bending,”  or 
“reflecting.”]  In  Physics,  a throwing 
back,  or  reflecting,  of  sound;  echo. 

Ph  ©si-o-camp ' tic.  [Phonocamp ' - 
ticus.]  Belonging  to  plionocamjisis ; 
able,  or  adapted,  to  reflect  sounds.  The 
phonocamptic  centre  is  the  situation 
where  the  ear  is  placed  in  order  to  re- 
ceive reflected  sounds.  . 

Ph©2i-o-camp'tfi-ca.*  [From  phon  - 
ocamp'sis,  an  “ echo.”]  That  branch  of 
Physics  which  treats  of  the  reflection  of 
sound : phonocamp'tics. 

Phoii-o-ehor'dav*  [From  a 

“voice,”  and  chor'dse,  “chords.”]  The 
Chordae  vocoles , or  vocal  chords. 

Pho-aiog'ra-phy.  [Phonogra'- 
phia;  from  9! xnvrj , “voice,”  or  “sound,” 
and  ypdf/»a>,  to  “ write.”]  The  art  of  writing 
words  according  to  their  pronunciation 
or  sound.  Also,  a description  of  the 
voice  or  of  sound. 

Pho-noPo-gy.  [PSioiuolo'gia;  from 

(p(x)vriy  “voice,”  or  “sound.”]  The  science 
which  treats  of  the  modifications  of  the 
voice,  or  of  the  distinctive  character  of 
different  articulate  sounds. 

Phos'gene.  [Phos'genus ; from 
</>aV,  “light,”  and  yvju,  to  “be  born.”] 
Literally,  “born  of  light.”  Applied  to 
chloro-carbonic  gas,  because  it  is  pro- 
duced by  the  action  of  the  solar  rays 
upon  a mixture  of  equal  parts  of  chlorine 
and  carbonic  oxide  gas. 

Phosgene  Gas.  See  Phosgene,  and 
Piiotogene  Gas. 

Phos'pliate.  f Phos'phas,  a'f*s.] 
A salt  formed  of  phosphoric  acid  and  a 
base. 

Phos'pliate  of  lame.  [Cal'cis 
Phos'phas,  a'fiY]  A combination  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  lime,  forming  the 
solid,  or  earthy,  portion  of  bones. 

Phosphate  of  Soda.  See  Sod.e 
Phosphas. 

Phos'phat-ed.  [Phosphatus ; 


PIIO 


PHO 


from  phos'phas,  a “ phosphate.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a base  converted  into  a phos- 
phate by  combination  with  phosphoric 
acid. 

Phos-phat'ic.  [Phosphat'icus.] 

Belonging  to,  or  containing,  a phosphate. 

Plios  phite.  [Phos'phis,  i'*/s.] 
A combination  of  phosphorous  acid  with 
a base. 

Phos'pho-rat-ed.  [Phosphora'- 
tus;  from  pho*' phorus.]  Combined,  or 
impregnated,  with  phosphorus. 

Pfoosphore.  See  Phosphorus. 

Phos*pho*res\‘ence.  [Phospho- 
rescen'tia;  from  phos'phoruaj]  The 
quality  of  becoming  luminous  at  the 
ordinary  temperature  in  the  dark.  A 
luminous  appearance  presented  by  many 
vegetable  and  animal  substances,  such, 
for  example,  as  phosphorescent  (decay- 
ing) wood,  the  glow-worm,  jelly-fish,  etc. 

PSios-pho-resvent.  [Pliospho* 
res'ceais;  from  the  same.]  Emitting 
light  without  heat,  like  phosphorus.  See 
Phosphorescence. 

Phos-s>hor'ic.  [Phosphor'icns ; 
from  the  same.]  Applied  to  an  acid  of 
the  third  degree  of  oxidation  of  phos- 
phorus. 

P2i os' pho- rous.  [Phosphoro'sus ; 

from  the  same.]  Applied  to  an  acid 
which  contains  one  equivalent  of  phos- 
phorus and  three  of  oxygen. 

Phos-pho-ru'n-a.;!:  [From  phos- 

phorus, and  ovpov,  the  “ urine. ”]  The 
presence  of  phosphorus  in  the  urine. 
See  Photuria. 

Phos'pho-rtis.*  [Gr.  (pompdpog,  the 
“ day-star;”  from  “light,”  and  <pepw} 
to  “bring.”]  (Fr.  Phosphorc,  fos'foR'.) 
Originally,  the  “day-star.”  A translu- 
cent, nearly  colorless  substance,  resem- 
bling wax,  without  taste,  but  having  a 
peculiar  smell.  It  is  extremely  inflam- 
mable, and  should  be  kept  under  water 
and  protected  from  the  light.  When 
exposed  to  the  air,  it  emits  white  fumes 
which  are  luminous  in  the  dark.  It  has 
been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the 
Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860.  In  nature  it  is  always 
found  in  combination  with  oxygen,  i.e. 
in  the  state  of  phosphoric  aeid.  Phos- 
phorus, in  small  doses,  acts  as  a power- 
ful general  stimulant ; in  large  doses,  it 
is  an  irritant  poison. 

Phosphorus,  Baldwin's.  See 
IIomberg’s  Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus  of  Canton.  See  Can- 
ton’s  Phosphorus. 

Phos  phu-ret.  [Phosphure'tum ; 


from  pKos'pKoru*.]  A combination  of 
phosphorus  with  a combustible  body,  or 
a metallic  oxide. 

Phos'pliu-ret-e<l.  The  same  as 
Phosphorated,  which  see. 

Pliospliuria.  See  Photuria. 

Pho-targi-a.*  [From  </<ordj, 

“light,”  and  aXyo;,  “ pain.”]  Pain  arising 
from  too  much  light:  photalgy. 

Phot'i-ca.*  [From iptig, pcordg,  “light.”] 
The  doctrine  of  the  nature  and  appear- 
ance of  light:  phot'ics. 

Phot'i-cus.*  Of  or  belonging  to 
light:  photic. 

Pho-to-eainp'sfs.*  [From  </ak,  £wr<5f, 
“light,”  and  Kopipig,  a “bending.”]  Re- 
fraction of  the  rays  of  light. 

Pho-to-dys-pho'rl-a.*  [From  <£wj, 
<pioTcg,  “light,”  and  clyspho'ria , “restless- 
ness.”] Intolerance  of  light. 

Pho'to-gene  Gas.  The  same  as 
Phosgene,  which  see. 

Pho-to-gen'ic.  [Photogen'icus ; 
from  “ light,”  and  yaw,  to  “be 

born  or  produced.”]  Produced  or  cre- 
ated by  the  light,  as  photographic  pic- 
tures. 

Pho-to-grraph'ic,  or  Plio-to- 
graph'i-cal.  [Photograph 'ieus.] 

Belonging  to  photography;  photogenic. 

Pho-tog'ra-phy.  [Pltologra'pliia ; 

from  (/.(3s,  <j.cot6$.  “ light,”  and  ypapM,  to 
“delineate.  ] The  production  of  the 
images  of  objects  by  the  action  of  light 
on  metal,  paper,  glass,  etc.,  prepared  for 
the  purpose  by  chemical  agencies.  This 
art  is  sometimes  called,  from  the  name 
of  M.  Daguerre,  the  inventor,  daguerreo- 
type , which  term  is  also  applied  to  a pic- 
ture or  representation  thus  produced. 

Pho-to-leg  i-cal.  [Photolo&'ieus.] 
Belonging  to  photology. 

Pho-tol 'o-gy.  [Photolo'gia;  from 
<pM$,  (pares , “light,”  and  Aoyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  science  or  doctrine  of 
light. 

Pho-tom  'e-tor.  [Fhotom  'etrum ; 

from  (f/Sis , “light,”  and  fxerpov,  a “mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  % which  to 
ascertain  the  comparative  intensity  of 
light. 

Pho-to-met'ri-cal.  [Photomet'- 

ricus.]  Belonging  to  photometry. 

Pho-tom 'e-try.  [Photome'tria ; 
from  0ws,  (pwTog , “light,”  and  pzTpioi,  to 
“measure.”]  The  science  which  treats 
of  the  measurement  of  light.  Also,  the 
act  of  measuring  light. 

Pho-ton  '©-sos,*  Pho-ton'o-sus.* 
[From  0(Of,  “light,”  and  voco;,  “disease.”] 
Applied  to  any  disease  arising  from  ex- 
415 


PHO 


PHY 


posure  to  a gfare  of  light,  as  snow-blind- 
ness, sun-stroke,  etc. 

Pho-to-pho'bi-a.^  [From  (bug, 
“ light/’  and  <j)doo;,  “fear.”]  A dread  or 
intolerance  of  light. 

PIi©-to-pfi<j>t>'i-eus.:i:'  Belonging  to 
photophobia : photopho'bic. 

Piio-top'sy.  [PBiotop'sia;  from 
$2;,  “ light,”  and  fyis,  “ sight.”]  An  ap- 
pearance or  sense  of  light  from  internal 
causes. 

Plio-tor-rlhex'ls.*  [From  $'2$, 
“light,”  and  /$.)£(?,  a “breaking.”]  Re- 
fraction of  the  rays  of  light. 

I*tio'  to-si>2iere.  [PSfiotf-ospBsse'ra  ; 
from  62;,  “ light,”  and  cpaTpa,  a “ sphere.”] 
The  “Sphere  of  Light.”  The  luminous 
atmosphere  of  the  sun. 

Plio-tu'ri-a.*  [From  (p2; , “light,” 
and  ovpo;,  the  “urine.”]  Urine  which 
has  a luminous  appearance  as  it  passes 
from  the  urethra;  luminous  urine. 

Piirag-'ina,  Mis.*  [From  (ppaaacj,  to 
“ enclose.”]  Applied  in  Botany  to  a 
spurious  dissepiment  of  a pericarp. 

PhragTuo-cone.  [ PBs  Fagmoc© ' - 
lias : from  0pa< ro-ca,  to  “ divide,”  and  Khvog, 
a “cone.”]  The  cone  of  the  Belemnitc, 
which  is  divided  into  chambers. 

Pliren^sie.  See  Piirenitis. 

Pliren'ic.  [Plireai'icus ; from  typri”, 
the  “ diaphragm.”]  Belonging  to  the 
diaphragm. 

Pliren  i-ca.;;:  [From  the  “dia- 
phragm,” or  parts  adjacent  to  the  heart 
(supposed  by  the  ancients  to  be  the  seat  of 
the  intellect,  as  well  as  of  the  feelings)  : 
hence,  the  “mind.”]  Medicines  which 
affect  the  mental  faculties ; also,  the 
name  of  an  order  in  Dr.  Grood’s  Nosology, 
comprising  diseases  affecting  the  intel- 
lect. 

Phre-nit'ic,  or  PflB  re-net 'ie. 
[Plirenit'icus.]  Belonging  to  phreui- 
tis. 

Plire-ni'tis,  id  is.*  [From  0p»;v,  the 
“mind.”]  (Fr.  Phrenesie , fni'ni'z^'.) 
Inflammation  of  the  brain;  phrenzy.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Phlegmasia class  Py- 
rexiae , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pit  re  n -o-  log  i-cal.  [ PEi  renolo^'- 
iens.]  Belonging  to  Phrenology. 

Plire-nol'o-gya  [PDirenolo'gia ; 
from  <(>pnaf  the  “mind,”  and  X'iyo?,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  faculties  of 
the  human  mind,  and  the  organs  by 
which  they  arc  said  to  manifest  them- 
selves. Usually  anplied  to  the  science 
(if  so  it  may  be  called)  which  treats  of 
tho  faculties  and  propensities  of  the  hu- 
man mind,  as  dependent  on  the  develop- 
416 


ment  of  brain.  Each  different  faculty 
is  supposed  to  reside  in  a particular  part 
of  the  brain,  which  part  is  termed  the 
organ  of  the  faculty  to  which  it  is  appro- 
priated. 

Plhiremo-Magrnetism,  Plireno- 
Mesmerism.  See  Mesmero-Phre- 

NOLOGY. 

JP2nreitftzy.  See  Phrenitis. 

PlaHkeiriasis.  See  Piithiriasis. 

PBatBairiasis,--*  thc-ri'a-sis.  [From 
$0cip,  a “louse.”]  A disease  in  which 
lice  are  bred  on  different  parts  of  the 
body;  called  al:o  J [or' bus  pedicula* ris, 
or  “lousy  disease.”  Sec  Pediculation. 

PUatSuis'I-cal.  [PBitBiis'iCMS.]  Be- 
longing to  phthisis ; consumptive. 

PUatBnisiews.  See  Phthisical. 

PSilMsIe.  See  Phthisis  Pulmona- 
lis. 

PEitSiiis-i-ol'o-gy  • [PSitliisiolo'g-ia ; 

from  (pOicri “consumption,”  and  Xoyo;,  a 
“ discourse.”]  A dissertation  or  treatise 
on  phthisis,  or  consumption;  that  branch 
of  Pathology  which  treats  of  consump- 
tion. 

PSitEiisis,*  ti'sis.  [From  (pOioj , to 
“consume.”]  Pulmonary  consumption, 
characterized  by  emaciation,  debility, 
cough,  hectic  fever,  and  purulent  expec- 
toration. 

Pfrttii'sis  Pul-mo-na'lis.5'  (Fr. 

Phthisic , te'zF.)  See  Pulmonary  Con- 
sumption. 

Plitlioe,*  tho'e.  [From  00iVco,  to 
“corrupt.”]  Ulceration  of  the  lungs. 

PEny-cogr'ra-plhy.  [PJnycoffra'- 
plfoia;  from  ([>vko;,  a “fucus,”  or  “sea- 
weed,” and  ypa0cu,  to  “write.”]  A his- 
tory or  description  of  the  Fuel. 

PSiy-co-i •da'tns.i:'  [From  <f>vKo;,  a 
“fucus,”  and  ddo;,  “resemblance.”]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  neuter  ( Phycoida'ta ) 
by  Lingbye  to  a section  of  the  Hydro - 
phyta  (aquatic  plants). 

P2iy-coI'©-g;y.  [PEiyeoBo'eria;  from 
<j)VKo;f  a “fucus,”  or  “sea-weed,”  and 
Xj yog,  a “discourse.”]  That  part  of  Bo- 
tany which  treats  of  the  Fuci. 

Pihyl-lan'tEiiis.*  [From  (pvWov , a 
“leaf,”  and  hOo;,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  upon  the  leaves,  with  their  pe- 
duncles adherent  to  the  principal  nervuro 
of  the  leaves:  phyllan'thous. 

Pliyl'le-riti.  [PtnyMcri'na.]  An 
alkaloid  substanco  obtained  from  the 
Pln/Ueria  lad  folia. 

Pliyl-le-ryfli'rini.  [Phyllcrytli- 

ri'na;  from  v,  a “leaf,”  and  IpuOp&s, 
“red.”]  The  same  as  Erythropiiyll, 
which  see.  •» 


PHY 


PHY 


Phyl-lo'defc.*  [From  (pvWov,  a “leaf,” 
and  el  dog,  “resemblance.”]  Having 
leaves ; resembling  leaves. 

Pli^l-lo'di-uin.*  [From  the  same.] 
A petiole  which  dilates  so  much  as  to  re- 
semble a leaf. 

Pliy l-lo&'e-nous.  [Pliyllog'enus ; 

from  ifoWov,  a “leaf,”  and  ywo,  to  “be 
born,”  to  “grow.”]  Growing  upon 
leases. 

Pliyl'loid.  [Phylloi'des ; from 
<f>v\\ov,  a “leaf,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a leaf. 

Phyl-lo-plie'in.  [Pliyllopli.Ti'na; 

from  ( pvWov,  a “ leaf,”  and  (fraiog,  “ dusky.”] 
The  dusky  or  brown  coloring  matter  of 
leaves. 

Pliyl-los'po-rus.*  [From  0t5AAov,  a 
“leaf,”  and  anupa,  “seed.”]  Having  the 
seed  in  or  under  the  leaf. 

Phyl-lo-tax'is,*  or  Phyl-lo-tax'y. 

[From  (pvWov,  a “leaf,”  and  ru£ff,  “ar- 
rangement.”] The  arrangement  of 
leaves  on  the  stem.  It  is  a curious  fact 
that  the  course  of  development  in  growing 
plants  is  universally  spiral.  A complete 
circuit  around  a stem  formed  by  the 
spiral  line  drawn  from  any  leaf  to  the 
leaf  which  is  exactly  over  it,  is  called  a 
cycle. 

Pliyl-lox-an  'thin.  [Phylloxaii- 

tlii  na;  from  (pvWov,  a “leaf,”  and  %ai/06g, 
“yellow.”]  The  yellow  coloring  matter 
of  the  leaf  of  a plant. 

Phy'ma,  a tie,*  plural  Phy'ma-ta. 
[From  0uw,  to  “produce.”]  A tubercle 
on  any  external  part  of  the  body ; also, 
a genus  of  Willan’s  arrangement  of  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

Phy-mat'ic.  [Phymat'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  phyma. 

Phy-ma-to'des.*  [From  phy'ma.] 
Resembling  or  having  phymata* 

Pliy'ma-toid.  [Phymatoi'des; 
from  0d/i a,  a “growth,”  a “tumor,”  and 
ttdoj,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a tumor. 

Phy-ma-to'sis.*  [From  0r)/ ua,  a 
“growth,”  a “tumor.”]  The  formation 
or  progress  of  tubercular  disease. 

Phys-co'ni-a.*  [From  <[>v ikw,  “big- 
bellied.”]  Enlargement  of  the  abdomen, 
marked  by  a tumor  occupying  one  part 
of  it,  of  slow  growth,  and  neither  sono- 
rous nor  fluctuating.  A genus  of  the 
order  Intnmescentise , class  Cachexise,  of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pity s-con 'i-cus. * Belonging  to  f)hys- 
conin. 

Phy  -staler,  e'r is*  [From  0uo-a&>,  to 
;<blow.”]  A “blower;”  the  spermaceti 
whale ; also  called  by  its  Biscayan  name 
36 


of  Cachalot.  A genus  of  the  class  Mam - 
malia,  order  Cetacea. 

Phy  se ' ter  Mac-ro-^eph  'a-lus.* 

The  systematic  name  for  the  species  of 
whale  principally  affording  spermaceti 
and  ambergris. 

Phys-I-at'ri-ca.*  [From  <pvatg,  “na- 
ture,” and  iarpda , “medical  treatment.”] 
The  doctrine  or  science  which  treats  of 
the  healing  powers  of  nature:  physia- 
trics. 

Phys-i-at'ri-cus.*  Belonging  to 
physiatnca : physiat'rical. 

Phys'ic.  [From  (pvoiKog , “pertaining 
to  nature,”  “natural,”  or  “according  to 
the  laws  of  nature.”]  Applied  to  the 
science  of  medicine,  and  to  medicines 
employed  in  the  cure  of  diseases. 

Phys'I-cal.  [Phys'icus;  from 
“nature.”]  Belonging  to  nature;  nearly 
synonymous  with  natural. 

Pby-si^ian.  [From  the  same.]  (Fr. 
Medecin , m&d'saN0'.)  A doctor  of  medi- 
cine or  physic ; one  who  has  been  au- 
thorized by  an  incorporated  institution 
to  practise  medicine. 

Physics.  [Phys'ica;  from  the 
same.]  In  its  most  extensive  significa- 
tion, that  science  which  treats  of  the 
nature,  laws,  etc.  of  the  entire  material 
universe. 

The  objects  of  physical  science  may 
be  studied  in  three  different  points  of 
view  : they  may  be  examined  in  relation 
to  their  different  properties,  with  respect 
to  their  constituent  parts,  and  in  regard 
to  their  appearance  and  exterior  quali- 
ties. These  three  distinct  views  give 
rise  to  the  three  great  divisions  of  natu- 
ral science,  namely,  Natural  Philosophy 
(or  Physics,  in  a more  restricted  sense), 
Chemistry,  and  Natural  History.  Natu- 
ral Philosophy  has  for  its  object  the 
properties  of  bodies,  Chemistry  studies 
their  elementary  principles,  and  Natural 
History  observes  their  physiognomy  and 
external  characteristics. 

Phys-i-o£'e-ny.  [Physioge'nia ; 
from  (pvxjig.  “nature,”  and  ymo,  to  “be 
born,”  to  “be  produced.”]  The  produc- 
tion of  things  by  nature. 

Phys-i-og-no-mon  i-oa.*  [From 
( p''<Tioyv(x)n')v£(x >,  to  “judge  of  a man  by  his 
features.”]  The  doctrine  of  judging  by 
the  looks  or  features  of  the  countenance: 
physiognomon'ics. 

PUys-i-og-nom'o-ny.  [Pftysiog^ 

noino'nia.]  See  Physiognomy. 

Phys-i-og'no-my.  [Physiogno'* 
mia;  from  (p"Gioyi'wpoveM , to  “judge  of 
a man  by  his  features.”]  The  art  of 
417 


PIIY 


PHY 


judging  of  the  moral  and  intellectual 
character  by  examining  the  features  of 
the  countenance.  Also,  the  study  of 
diseases  from  an  examination  of  the  fea- 
tures or  general  appearance  of  the  coun- 
tenance. 

Phys-bogra-phy.  [Physiogra- 
piiia;  from  <pvjig,  “nature,”  and  ypa0a>, 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  objects 
which  together  constitute  nature. 

Pli^s-i-»-logi-cal.  [Physiolog'- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  Physiology. 

Piiys-i-olo-gy.  [Pliysiolo'gia; 
from  <pvjt$,  “nature,”  and  \6yog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  of  vital  phenom- 
ena, or  the  science  of  the  functions  of 
living  bodies,  is  divided,  according  to 
the  two  great  classes  of  organized  beings, 
into  animal  and  vegetable  physiology. 
Animal  physiology  is  by  some  writers 
divided  into  three  branches:  namely, 
the  physiology  of  the  sanguineous,  of  the 
nervous,  and  of  the  muscular  system. 
These  three  systems,  which  have  been 
termed  the  tripod  of  life,  are  intimately 
linked  or  mingled  together ; and  they 
can  only  be  properly  studied  by  keeping 
constantly  in  view  their  relations  to 
each  other. 

Physiol'ogy,  Gen'e-ral.  That  which 

regards  the  general  laws  of  life. 

Physiorogy,  Special,  treats  of  the 
nature  and  functions  of  particular  or- 
gans, as  of  the  heart,  the  lungs,  the 
liver,  the  kidneys,  etc. 

Physiology,  Vegetable.  See  Vege- 
table Physiology. 

Phys-I-oii'o-my.  [Physiono'mia ; 

from  (j)v.7ig,  “nature,”  and  voyog,  a “law.”] 
The  doctrine  of  the  laws  of  nature. 

Pliys-o-car'pus.*  [From  0£o-a,“  wind,” 
and  xipnog,  “fruit.”]  Having  fruit  con- 
taining air,  as  the  pods  of  certain  plants. 

Paiys-o-col'i-ca.*  [From  0*kra,“wind,” 
and  col'ica , the  “colic.”]  Flatulent  colic. 

Phy  s-o-m  e ' t ra.;:  [From  (pvaa , 

“ wind,”  and  yrjrpa,  the  “womb.”]  Tym- 
pany, or  windy  swelling  of  the  womb. 
A genus  of  the  order  lntumescentiae,  class 
Cachexise , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Phy-tan-a-to ' ml-a.*  [From  (pvrSv, 
a “plant,”  and  anato'mia,  “ anatomy.”] 
The  anatomy  of  vegetables. 

Pliyt-e-rytli-ri'na.*  [From  <pvr6v, 
a “plant,”  and  epvOpdg,  “red.”]  The  red 
coloring  matter  in  plants.  See  Ery- 
TnROPHYLL. 

Pliy-tipti'a-gous.  The  same  as 
Phytophagous,  which  see. 

Phy-tiv'o-rous.  [Phytiv'orus ; 

from  (fi'trdv,  a “plant,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “de- 

418 


vour.”]  Plant-devouring.  The  same 
as  Phytophagous. 

Phy-to-che'im-a.*  [From  c(>vt6v , a 
“ plant,”  and  che'mia,  “ chemistry.”]  The 
chemistry  of  plants,*  or  vegetable  chemis- 
try. 

Phy-to-chem  l-cal.  [Phytocheiii'- 

icus.J  Belonging  to  phytnchemia. 

Pliy-tog'e-ny,  or  Phy-to-gen'e- 
sis.*  [Phytogene'sia;  from  (pv tov,  a 
“plant,”  and  ymo,  to  “be  born.”]  Ger- 
mination, the  commencement  of  vegeta- 
tion ; also,  the  doctrine  or  science  of  the 
generation  of  plants. 

Phy-to-ge-og'ra-phy.  [Phyto- 
geogra'phia;  from  0urov,  a “plant,” 
yrj,  the  “earth,”  and  ypipa),  to  “write.”] 
Geographical  Botany;  or  that  part  of 
Botany  which  treats  of  the  geographical 
distribution  of  plants. 

Phy-to-graph  l-cal.  [Phy to- 

graph 'icus.]  Belonging  to  phytogra- 
phy. 

Phy-tog  ra-phy.  [Phylogra'- 
phia;  from  (pirov , a “plant,”  and  ypu0cu, 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  plants. 
Descriptive  Botany;  or  that  part  of 
Botany  which  treats  of  the  rules  to  be 
observed  in  describing  and  naming 
plants. 

Phy'toicl.  [Phytoi'des;  from  0*>roj/, 
a “plant,”  and  udog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling a plant. 

Phytolaccaceae,*  fi-to-lak-ka'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(herbs  or  under-shrubs),  natives  of  Africa, 
India,  and  America.  It  includes  Phyto- 
lacca (Poke). 

Phy-to-lac'^se  Bac'ca,*  or  Pliy- 
tolac'cie  Bac'^av*  (“Poke  Berry,” 
or  “ Poke  Berries.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  berries  of  the 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

Phytolac'cne  Ra'dix.*  (“Poke 
Root.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

Phy'to-lite.  [Phytoli'tes:  from 

0*i r6i>,  a “plant,”  and  XiOog,  a “stone.”] 
A petrified  or  fossil  plant. 

Phy-to-log  l-cal.  [Phytolog'i- 
cus.]  Belonging  to  phytology. 

Phy-tol'o-gy.  [Phytolo'gia;  from 
(J)vt6v,  a “ plant,”  and  \6yog,  a“  discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  plants,  or  the  science  of 
plants.  Botany  in  general. 

Pliy'ton.  A term  applied  by  some  to 
a simple  plant-element,  such  as,  first,  the 
radicle  of  the  embryo,  secondly,  the  joint 
of  sfem  and  leaf;  and  so  on.  (See  Gray’s 
Structural  a:id  Systematic  Botany.) 


PHY 


PIL 


Phy-toph'a-gous.  [Pliytopli'a- 

from  0urdy,  a “ plant/’  and  0dyo>, 
to  “eat.”]  Subsisting  on  the  leaves  of 
trees  and  plants. 

Pli;f-t©-pliys-i-©ro-gy.  [Pliyto- 
pliysiolo  ^ia;  from  <pvrdi/,  a “plant,” 
and  physiolo'gia , “physiology.’’]  The 
doctrine  of  the  internal  economy  of 
plants. 

Pliy-tot'o-my.  [Phytoto'mfa ; 

from  (pvrdv , a “ plant,”  and  rcyvu,  to  “ cut.”] 
The  dissection  of  vegetables.  Vegetable 
anatomy  ; the  study  of  the  minute  struc- 
ture of  plants  as  revealed  by  the  micro- 
scope. 

Phy-t©-tr©'phi-a.*  [From  0urdi/,  a 
“plant,”  and  Tpocpf/,  “nourishment.”] 
The  nutrition  of  plants,  and  the  con- 
sideration of  the  best  means  for  pro- 
moting it. 

Pliy-to-zo'om,*  or  PBiy-to-zo'mn.* 

[From  (p'trdv,  a “plant,”  and  { \mv,  an 
“animal.”]  A term  applied  by  some 
naturalists  to  such  animals  as  polypi 
and  corallina  ; a zoophyte. 

Pi'a  Ma'ter.*  (“Tender  Mother.”) 
(Fr.  Pie  Mere,  p&  meR.)  The  most 
internal  of  the  three  membranes  of  the 
brain.  See  Dura  Mater. 

Pi-ar-life'ini-a.**  [From  ntap,  “fat,” 
and  alpa,  “ blood.”]  The  presence  of  fat 
in  the  blood. 

Pi'ca.**  A term  applied  to  depraved 
appetite,  or  desire  for  varied  and  unnatu- 
ral food,  common  in  chlorosis,  pregnancy, 
etc.  A genus  of  the  order  Dysorexise, 
class  Locales,  of  Cullen  s Nosology. 

Pi'ce-a.*  [From pix.  pi’eis,  “pitch;” 
Gr.  7 nrra,  or  ir facm,  the  “pitch-tree.”]  A 
name  for  the  Pinus  abiej. 

Pi'  ce-us.*  Belonging  to  pitch,  or  tar : 
pi'ceous. 

Picrjena  Excelsa.  See  Quassia. 

Pic 'rin,  or  Pic'rine.  [From  n ixpdg, 
“bitter.”]  A bitter  substance  procured 
from  Digita’lis  purpu'rea,  and  said  to 
be  identical  with  digitalin. 

Pic'ro-mel,  el 7 /s.*  [From  nuepoq, 
“bitter,”  and  psXi,  “honey.”]  A sub- 
stance having  a bitter  and  sweetish  taste. 
The  characteristic  principle  of  bile. 

Pic-ro-tox'ic.  [Picrotox'icus.] 
Applied  to  salts  of  which  picrotoxin 
forms  the  base. 

Pic-ro-tox'in,  or  Pic-ro-tox'me. 
[Picrotoxi'na 5 from  ntKpdq,  “bitter,” 
and  to%ikov,  “poison.”]  The  poisonous 
principle  of  the  Cocculus  Tndicus. 

Pied,  pe-&'.  The  French  word  for 
“foot.”  See  Pes. 

Pie  Mere.  See  Pia  Mater. 


Pierre,  pe-eR.  The  French  term  for 
Calculus,  which  see. 

Pierre  d’Aiinant,  pe-eR  dAmoN0'. 
A French  term  for  Magnet,  which 
see. 

Pig'ment.  [Pignien  'tu  111;  fron 
pin' go,  to  “paint.”]  Any  color  used  by 
painters. 

Pigment.  A black  amorphous  sub- 
stance, found  normally  in  the  skin,  etc., 
and  abnormally  in  various  other  parts 
of  the  body.  See  Melan^mia. 

Pig-men  turn  Ni  grum.*  A black 
or  dark  pigment  which  covers  the  inter- 
nal surface  of  the  choroid  membrane  of 
the  eye. 

Pil.  = Pil'ula,*  or piVulttf*  A “pill,” 
or  “pills.” 

Pi-Ia're  Ma'lnm.*  (“  Hair  Disease.”) 
See  Triciiosis. 

Pil'e-ate.  [Pilea'tns:  from  pi'leus, 
a “hat.”]  Having  a hat  or  a cap. 

Pil-e-I-f©r'mis.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  the  form  of  a hat:  pil'eiform. 

Piles.  (Fr.  Hemorrh aides,  i'me'ro’- 
£d'.)  A disease  of  the  veins  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  rectum,  around  the  anus, 
assuming  a knotted  or  clustered  con- 
dition ; hemorrhoids.  See  H^emorriiois. 

Pil'e-us.*  [From  niAo;,  a “hat,”  or 
“cap.”]  The  cap  or  orbicular  expansion 
of  a mushroom. 

Pi'li,**  gen.  Pi-lo'rum,  the  plural  of 
Pilus,  which  see. 

Pi'li  Con-gen 'I- ti.*  (“Congenital 
Hairs.”)  A term  for  the  hair  of  the 
head,  eyebrows,  and  eyelids,  because  it 
exists  at  birth. 

Pi'li  Post-gen 'i-ti.*  (“Postgenital 
Hairs.”)  That  hair  which  grows  m cer- 
tain parts  after  birth,  at  puberty,  for  ex- 
ample. 

Pi-lif'er-ous.  [Pilif'erns:  from 
pi'lus,  “hair,”  and  fe'vo,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  hair,  or  covered  with  hair. 

Pi'l&-f©rm.  [Pilifor'mis ; from 
pi'lus , “hair.”]  Having  the  appearance 
of  hairs. 

Pi-lig'er-ous.  [Pilig'erns ; from 

pi'lus,  “hair,”  and  ge'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
The  same  as  Piliferous,  which  see. 

PI'Hiie.  [From  pi'lus,  “hair.”]  A 
kind  of  cloth  composed  of  a mixture  of 
sponge  and  wool,  felted  together  so  as  to 
form  an  even  and  soft  fabric,  and  after- 
wards rendered  water-proof  by  a coating 
of  caoutchouc  ; employed  as  a substitute 
for  poultices  and  fomentation  cloths. 

Pill.  See  Pilula. 

Pil-li-©-can'si-a.*  A modern  name 
(of  uncertain  etymology)  for  the  old 
419 


PIL 


PIL 


composition  called  Hi' era  pi' era,  or  holy 
bitter  : vulgarly  rendered  “ Pillicoshy.” 

Pil-o-car'pus.*  [From/n'7us,  “ hair,” 
and  Kapnos,  “fruit.”]  Having  fruit  co- 
vered with  hair. 

Pilon.  See  Pilum. 

Pi-lo'rum,*  the  genitive  plural  of 
Pilus,  a “hair.”  See  next  article. 

Pilo'runi  Ar-rec-to'res.*  (“  Raisers 
of  the  Hairs.”)  A name  applied  to  the 
minute  muscles  of  the  skin,  whose  action 
produces  the  appearance  termed  cu'tis 
anseri'na,  or  “goose-skin.”  They  are 
supposed  also  to  raise  the  hairs  when 
one  is  seized  with  horror  or  fright. 

Pi-lose'.  [Pilo'sus;  from  pi'lus , 
“hair.”]  Hairy,  as  distinguished  from 
woolly  or  downy, — i.e.  having  distinct 
and  straight,  but  not  rigid,  hairs. 

Pil'u-ia,*  plural  Pil'u-lse.  [Dimi- 
nutive of  pi.' la,  a “ball.”]  A pill.  A 
small  round  form  of  dry  medicine,  of 
the  size  of  a pea,  or  less,  which  can  be 
swallowed  whole. 

Pil'u-lse,*  gen.  Pil-n-la'rum,  the 
plural  of  Pilula,  which  see. 

Pil'ulse  Al'o-es.*  (“  Pills  of  Aloes.”) 
Take  of  Socotrine  aloes,  in  fine  powder, 
soap,  in  fine  powder,  each  a troyounce. 
Beat  them  together  with  water,  so  as  to 
form  a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into 
two  hundred  and  forty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Al'oes  et  As-sa-foet'I-dse.* 
(“  Pills  of  Aloes  and  Assafoetida.”)  Take 
of  Socotrine  aloes,  in  fine  powder,  assa- 
foetida, soap,  in  fine  powder,  each  half  a 
troyounce.  Beat  them  together  with 
water,  so  as  to  form  a pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  one  hundred  and  eighty 
pills. 

Pil'ulse  Al'oes  et  Mas'ti-elies.* 

(“Pills  of  Aloes  and  Mastic.”)  Take  of 
Socotrine  aloes,  in  fine  powder,  a troy- 
ounce and  a half;  mastic,  in  fine  powder, 
red  rose,  in  fine  powder,  each  half  a 
troyounce.  Beat  them  together  with 
water,  so  as  to  form  a pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  four  hundred  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Al'oes  et  My  r'rhse.*(“  Pills 
of  Aloes  and  Myrrh.”)  Take  of  Soco- 
trine aloes,  in  fine  powder,  two  troy- 
ounces:  myrrh,  in  fine  powder,  a troy- 
ounce; saffron,  in  fine  powder,  half  a 
troyounce;  syrup,  a sufficient  quantity. 
Beat  the  whole  together,  so  as  to  form 
a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into  four 
hundred  and  eighty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  An-tl-mo'nX-i  (om-pes'- 
I-tse.*  (“Compound  Pills  of  Antimony.”) 
Plummer’s  Pills.  Take  of  sulphurated 
antimony,  mild  chloride  of  mercury, 
420 


each  one  hundred  and  twenty  grains; 
guaiac,  in  fine  powder,  molasses,  each 
half  a troyounce.  Rub  the  sulphurated 
antimony  first  with  the  mild  chloride  of 
mercury,  and  afterwards  with  the  guaiac 
and  molasses,  so  as  to  form  a pilular 
mass,  to  be  divided  into  two  hundred 
and  forty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  As-sa-foet'i-dse.*  (“  Pills 
of  Assafoetida.”)  Take  of  assafoetida,  a 
troyounce  and  a half;  soap,  in  fine  pow- 
der, half  a troyounce.  Beat  them  to- 
gether with  water,  so  as  to  form  a pilular 
mass,  to  be  divided  into  two  hundred 
and  forty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  €a-tliar'ti-£se  Com-pos'- 

X-tse.*  (“Compound  Cathartic  Pills.”) 
Take  of  compound  extract  of  colocynth, 
half  a troyounce;  extract  of  jalap,  in 
fine  powder,  mild  chloride  of  mercury, 
each  one  hundred  and  eighty  grains; 
gamboge,  in  fine  powder,  forty  grains. 
Mix  the  powders  together;  then  with 
water  form  a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided 
into  one  hundred  and  eighty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Fo-pai'bse.*  (“Pills  of 
Copaiba.”)  Take  of  copaiba,  two  troy- 
Ounces ; magnesia,  recently  prepared, 
sixty  grains.  Mix  them  together,  and 
set  the  mixture  aside  until  it  concretes 
into  a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into 
two  hundred  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Fer'ri  Car-bo-na'tis* 

(“Pills  of  Carbonate  of  Iron”)  are  com- 
posed of  eight  parts  of  sulphate  of  iron 
and  nine  parts  of  carbonate  of  soda, 
with  sugar,  honey,  and  water  in  suffi- 
cient quantity.  For  particular  direc- 
tions respecting  the  morle  of  preparation, 
see  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  page  254. 

Pil'ulse  Fer'ri  Foni-pos'X-tse.* 
(“  Compound  Pills  of  Irhn.”)  Take  of 
myrrh,  in  fine  powder,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  grains;  carbonate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  iron,  each  sixty  grains ; syrup, 
a sufficient  quantity.  Rub  the  myrrh 
first  with  the  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
afterwards  with  the  sulphate  of  iron, 
until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed ; then 
beat  them  with  syrup,  so  as  to  form  a 
pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into  eighty 
pills. 

Pil'ulse  Fer'ri  I-od'X-di*  (“Pills  of 
Iodide  of  Iron”)  arc  composed  of  four 
parts  of  iodine,  two  parts  of  metallic 
iron  (in  the  form  of  wire  cut  in  pieces), 
and  one  part  of  reduced  iron,  with  sugar, 
marshmallow,  gum  arnb’C,  and  wrnter, 
in  sufficient  quantity.  For  particulars 
respecting  the  preparation,  see  U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia*  page  256. 


PIL 


PIN 


Pil'ulse  Gal'ba-ni  Com-pos'i-tse.* 

(“  Compound  Pills  of  Gralbanum.”)  Take 
of  galbanum,  myrrh,  each  three  hundred 
and  sixty  grains;  assafoetida,  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  grains;  syrup,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Beat  them  together,  so 
as  to  form  a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided 
into  two  hundred  and  forty  pills. 

1*11 'nice  Ify-drar'g-y-ri*  (“  Pills  of 
Mercury,  or  Mercurial  Pills”),  commonly 
called  Blue  Pills.  Take  of  mercury,  a 
troyounce ; confection  of  rose,  a troy- 
ounce  and  a half;  liquorice-root,  in  fine 
powder,  half  a troyounce.  Rub  the 
mercury  with  the  confection  until  the 
globules  cease  to  be  visible;  then  add 
the  liquorice-root,  and  beat  the  whole 
into  a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into 
four  hundred  and  eighty  pills. 

Pil'ulse (“Pills  of  Opium.”) 
Take  of  opium,  in  fine  powder,  sixty 
grains;  soap,  in  fine  powder,  twelve 
grains.  Beat  them  together  with  water, 
so  as  to  form  a pilular  mass,  to  be  di- 
vided into  sixty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Quin'I-se  Sul-pflia'tfis.* 
(“Pills  of  Sulphate  of  Quinia.”)  Take 
of  sulphate  of  quinia,  a troyounce;  gum  . 
arabic,  in  fine  powder,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  grains;  clarified  honey,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Mix  the  sulphate  of 
quinia  and  gum  arabic ; then  beat  them 
with  clarified  honey,  so  as  to  form  a 
pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into  four 
hundred  and  eighty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  RSie'i.*  (“Pills  of  Rhu- 
barb.”) Take  of  rhubarb,  in  fine  pow- 
der, three  hundred  and  sixty  grains ; 
soap,  in  fine  powder,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  grains.  Beat  them  together  with 
water,  so  as  to  form  a pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  one  hundred  and  twenty 
pills. 

Pil'ulse  Rbe'i  Com-pos'i-tse.* 

(“  Compound  Pills  of  Rhubarb.”)  Take 
of  rhubarb,  in  fine  powder,  a troyounce  ; 
Socotrine  aloes,  in  fine  powder,  three 
hundred  and  sixty  grains ; myrrh,  in 
fine  powder,  half  a troyounce;  oil  of 
peppermint,  half  a fluidrachm.  Beat 
them  together  with  water,  so  as  to  form 
a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into  two 
hundred  and  forty  pills. 

Pil'ulse  Sa*|)o'nis  Com-pos'i-tse.* 
(“Compound  Pills  of  Soap.”)  Take  of 
opium,  in  fine  powder,  sixty  grains : 
soap,  in  fine  powder,  half  a troyounce. 
Beat  them  together  with  water,  so  as  to 
form  a pilular  mass.  This  is  a convenient 
preparation  for  administering  opium  in 
a pilular  and  readily  soluble  form,  in 
36« 


fractions  of  a grain.  The  name  seems 
to  have  been  intended  to  conceal  the 
character  of  the  medicine  from  the  pa- 
tient. 

Pil'ulse  S^il'lse  Com-pos'I-tae.* 

(“  Compound  Pills  of  Squill.”)  Take 
of  squill,  in  fine  powder,  sixty  grains; 
ginger,  in  fine  powder,  ammoniac,  in 
fine  powder,  each  one  hundred  and 
twenty  grains;  soap,  in  fine  powder, 
one  hundred  and  eighty  grains;  syrup, 
a sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  powders; 
then  beat  them  with  syrup,  so  as  to  form 
a pilular  mass,  to  be  divided  into  one 
hundred  and  twenty  pills. 

PiU'u-lar.  [Pilula'ris;  from  pi V iilct, 
a “pill.”]  Pertaining  to  a pill. 

Pilule.  See  Pilula. 

Pil-u-li-flo'rus.*  [From  pil’tdci,  a 
“little  ball,”  and Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing flowers  united  into  capitules  of  a 
round  form. 

Pi'luin.*  (Fr.  Pilon,  p^Tcno'.)  A 
pestle;  an  instrument  for  breaking  sub- 
stances in  a mortar. 

Pi'lus,*  plural  Pi'li.  [From  nl\og, 
“felt.”]  A hair.  PH  us  is  usually  ap- 
plied to  the  hairs  considered  individually, 
while  capillus  signifies, properly,  a “ head 
of  hair.” 

Pi-Bniel'a-den,  en is*  [From  itiiaXfi, 
“fat,”  and  u$r]v,  a “gland.”]  A seba- 
ceous gland. 

Pim-e-li'tis,  idis.%  [From  Tri[xc\rj, 
“fat.”]  Inflammation  of  the  adipose 
tissue. 

Piiu-e-lo'des.*  [From  the  same.] 
Fatty,  or  full  of  fat. 

Pim-e-lo'sis.*  [From  the  same.] 
Fatness,  or  obesity. 

Pi-meu'ta.*  Pimento.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  of  the  unripe  berries 
of  the  Euge'nicipimen'ta;  otherwise  called 
the  J fyr'tus  pimen'ta. 

Pim-ipi-mel'la.*  A Linnsean  genus 
of  the  class  Pentandria , natural  order 
Umbelliferse,  or  Apiaeese. 

Pimpmel'la  A-ni'sum.**  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  commonly 
known  as  Anise ; otherwise  called  Ani'~ 
sum  vidga're. 

Pimple.  See  Papula. 

Pin  and  Well.  An  old  popular 
name  for  an  opacity  of  the  cornea.  See 
Albugo,  and  Leucoma. 

Piuaeese,*  pi-na'slie-e.  [From  Pi' - 
mis,  one  of  the  genera.]  A synonym  of 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Conif- 
ers. 

Pineli'beclt.  An  alloy  of  copper, 
brass,  and  zinc,  made  in  imitation  of 
421 


PIN 


PIP 


gold.  It  is  sometimes  called  tom'bac , or 
sim'ilor. 

Pinek-ne'ya  Pu'bens.*  The  plant 
which  produces  the  Georgia  Bark, 
which  see. 

Pine.  See  Pinus. 

Pin'e-al.  [Pinea'lis;  from  Pi'nea, 
a “ pine-tree.”]  Belonging  to,  or  like 
the  fruit  of,  a pine-tree. 

Pin  eat  Gland.  [Cona'riuan.]  A 
small  substance,  about  the  size  of  a pea, 
situated  above  the  tuber' cula  quadrigem'  - 
ina  of  the  brain.  Descartes  supposed  it 
the  seat  of  the  soul. 

Piai-gTiecii-la.^  [From  pin'guis, 
“ fat.”]  A tumor  near  the  edge  of  the  cor- 
nea, apparently,  but  not  really,  adipose. 

Pin-gued  i-nous.  [Pinguedin©'- 
sus;  from pingue' do,  pingued' inis,  “ fat.”] 
Fatty;  greasy;  unctuous. 

Pin-gue'd©,*  gen.  Pin-gued'i-nis. 
Another  term  for  “fat.”  See  Adeps. 

Pin-gue-fo  li-us.*  [From  pin'guis , 
“fat,”  and  f o' lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
thick  and  fleshy  leaves. 

Pl'nic.  [Pin'icus;  from  Pi' nus, 
the  “pine-tree.”]  Belonging  to  the  pine 
or  fir  tree.  Applied  to  an  acid. 

Pin-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  Pi' mis , the 
“ pine-tree,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  linear  or  coriaceous  leaves,  like 
those  of  the  fir. 

Pink  I>ye.  A dye  made  by  mace- 
rating safflower  and  carbonate  of  potash 
in  spirit  of  wine  and  water,  and  then 
adding  distilled  water,  or  lemon-juice. 

Pink  Root.  One  of  the  common 
names  of  Spige'lia  Marxian' dica. 

Pin'na.*  (Literally,  a “wing,”  or 
“ feather.”)  The  ala,  or  lower  cartilage 
of  either  side  of  the  nose.  Also,  the 
broad  portion  of  the  external  ear.  In 
Botany,  one  of  the  primary  divisions  of 
a pinnately-compound  leaf.  Also,  the 
fin  of  a fish. 

Pin  nate,  or  Pin'nat-ed.  [Pinna'- 
tus;  from pin'na,  a “feather.”]  Feather- 
shaped.  This  term  is  applied  to  a com- 
pound leaf  with  several  pairs  of  leaflets 
arranged  along  the  sides  of  a common 
petiole. 

Pinnately-Parted.  See  Pennati- 

PARTITUS. 

Pin-nate'ly-Veined.  [Pennive'- 
n ins.  ] Having  veins  all  proceeding  from 
a midrib;  feather- veined.  Applied  to 
leaves. 

Pin-nat'I-fid.  [Pinnatif'idus; 

from  pin'na,  a “feather,”  and  Jin' do.  to 
“cleave.”]  Pinnately-cleft,  as  feather- 
reined  leaves  which  are  marked  with 
422 


sinuses  or  incisions  reaching  nearly  half- 
way to  the  midrib. 

Pin-nat'i-pes,  p 'edis*  [From  pin- 
na'tus,  “feathered,”  and  pes,  a “foot.”] 
Having  the  toes  bordered  by  membranes: 
pinnatipede.  Applied  to  certain  birds. 

Pinnatiseet.  See  Pennatisected. 

Pinnatus.  See  Pinnate. 

Pin'nu-late.  [Pinnula'tus;  from 
pin'nula.]  Subdivided  into  leaflets.  In 
Ichthyology,  having  small  fins. 

Pinnule.  [Pin'nula;  diminutive  of 
pin'na,  a “fin,”  or  “pinion.”]  A little 
leaflet;  the  secondary  division  of  a pin- 
nately-compound leaf.  Also,  a little  fin. 

Pint.  [Lat.  Octa'rius;  Fr.  Pinte, 
paNT.]  A liquid  measure  containing  six- 
teen fluidounces,  the  eighth  part  of  a 
gallon. 

Pin'ta.*  Blue  stain.  A disease  which 
prevails  in  Mexico,  and  which  appears 
to  be  a variety  of  Pityriasis  nigra. 

Fi  nns.®  [Gr.  rnwg.]  A Linnaean 
genus  of  trees  of  the  class  Moncecia, 
natural  order  Coniferse. 

Pi  nus  A'fol-es.*  The  spruce  fir- 
tree,  the  tops  of  which  are  used  for 
making  spruce  beer. 

Pi'nus  Bal-sa'me-a.®  The  tree 
which  affords  Canadian  balsam. 

Pi'nus  Ea'rix,*  otherwise  called 
Ra'rix  Eu-ro-pse'a,*  and  A'foi-e&  La  - 
rix.*  (Fr.  Meleze , mAlez'  or  mAl&z'.) 
The  larcli-tree,  from  which  is  obtained 
the  Venice  turpentine. 

Pi'nus  Pa-lus'tris.*  (“Swamp 
Pine.”)  One  of  the  trees  from  which 
turpentine  is  obtained. 

Pi'nus  Pi'ce-a.*  (“Pitch  Pine.”) 
The  silver  fir,  from  which  the  Strasburg 
turpentine  is  obtained. 

Pi'nus  Pi-nas'ter.*  The  Pinaster, 
or  cluster  pine,  a tree  which  yields  Bor- 
deaux turpentine,  galipot,  tar,  and  pitch. 

Pi'nus  Syl-ves'tris.*  (“Forest 
Pine.”)  The  Scotch  fir-tree,  which  yields 
the  common  turpentine,  white  and  yel- 
low resin,  tar,  or  common  pitch. 

Pi 'per,  er/«.®  Black  Pepper.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  berries 
of  Piper  nigrum. 

Pi'per  Al  bum.  (“White  Pepper.”) 
It  is  obtained  from  the  same  tree  as  is 
black  pepper.  Also  called  Leucopiper. 
White  pepper  is  the  ripe  berry  deprived 
of  its  skin.  It  is  less  active  than  black 
pepper,  and  is  little  used.  See  Piper 
Nigrum. 

Pi  per  Ar-o-mat'I-cum.*  (“Aro- 
matic Pepper.”)  A name  for  the  Piper 
nigrum. 


PIP 


PIT 


Pi  per  Bra-sil-i-a'num.*  (“  Bra- 
zilian Pepper.”)  The  produce  of  the 

Capsicum  annuum. 

Pi'per  Cu-be'ba.5if  The  plant  the 
dried  fruit  or  berries  of  which  are  termed 
cubebs.  See  Cubeba. 

Pi'per  Guin-e-en'se,*  Pi'per  Ilis- 
pan'I-cum,*  or  Pi'per  In'dl-cuni.* 
(“Guinea  Pepper,”  “Spanish  Pepper,” 
or  “ Indian  Pepper.”)  The  produce  of 
the  Capsicum  annuum. 

Pi'per  Ja-mai-^en'se.*  (“Jamaica 
Pepper.”)  The  Afyrtus  pimenta , or  all- 
spice. 

Pi'per  Lon 'gum.*  (“Long  Pep- 
per.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond. 
and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  immature  fruit,  or 
dried  spikes,  of  long  pepper. 

Pi'per  Me-thys'ti-cum*  [from 
IxsQvu),  to  “be  intoxicated.”]  The  Ava  (or 
Cava)  plant  of  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
An  intoxicating  drink  is  obtained  from 
its  roots. 

Pi'per  Ki'grum.*  (“Black  Pep- 
per.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond. 
and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  dried  unripe  ber- 
ries of  black  pepper. 

Piperacea?,*  pip-e-ra'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants  (shrubs  or 
herbs),  found  in  the  hotter  parts  of  the 
world.  They  are  generally  pungent 
aromatics,  and  in  some  cases  powerful 
narcotics.  It  includes  Pi'per  ni'grum 
(Black  Pepper). 

Pip-e-ra'ceous.  [Pipera'ceus ; 

from  pi' per,  “pepper.”]  Belonging  to 
the  genus  Piper. 

Pip'e-rin.  [Piperi'na;  from  pi'per, 
“ pepper.”]  A fatty  resinous  substance, 
the  active  principle  of  black  pepper. 

Pis'^es.*  Fishes : the  name  of  the 
fourth  great  subdivision  of  vertebrate 
animals,  or  the  class  of  fishes,  character- 
ized by  a branchial  respiration,  a biloc- 
ular heart,  and  a covering  of  scales. 

Pis-eid'i-a  Er-y-thri'na.*  Jamai- 
ca Dogwood.  A West  Indian  tree,  of 
the  Linnsean  class  Diadelphia,  natural 
order  Leguminosse.  A tincture  of  the 
bark  is  powerfully  narcotic  and  diapho- 
retic, and  is  used  for  removing  the  pain 
of  carious  teeth. 

Pis-£iv'o-r©us.  [Pisciv'orus;  from 
pis'eis,  a “ fish,”  and  co'ro , to  “ devour.”] 
Fish-devouring ; synonymous  with  Ich- 
thyophagous. 

Pis-I-for'mis.*  [From  pi' sum,  a 
“pea.”]  Resembling  a pea:  pi'siform. 

Pis'mire.  The  Formica  rufa. 

Pistacia,*  pis-ta'she-a.  [Gr.  merd/aa.] 
The  fruit  of  the  pistachio-tree.  A Lin- 


naean  genus  of  the  class  Dicecia,  natural 
order  Terebinthacese,  or  Anacardiacese. 

Pista'cia  Een-tis'cus.*  The  shrub 
which  yields  mastic,  or  mastiok.  Sco 
Mastic. 

Pista'cia  T6r-e-bin'thus.*  The 

tree  which  yields  Chian  or  Cyprus  tur- 
pentine. 

Pista'cia Ve'ra.*  (“True  Pistacia.”) 
A tree  which  yields  the  pistacia-nut  and 
a fixed  oil,  which  is  used  to  form  an  ex- 
cellent emulsion  in  irritation  of  the  ure- 
thra. 

Pistiaceav*  pis-te-a'she-e.  [From 
Pis' tin,  one  of  the  genera.]  A synonym 
of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Lem- 
NACEA3. 

Pistil.  [Pistil'lum ; from  pin' so, 
pis' turn,  to  “bray,”  or  “bruise.”]  Lite- 
rally, a “pestle:”  so  named  from  the 
resemblance  in  form.  A pointal ; the  fe- 
male organ  of  generation  in  plants;  the 
ovule-bearing  organ  of  a flower.  The 
pistils  and  stamens  are  the  essential  or- 
gans of  a flower. 

Pis- 1 i 1-la 'r is.*  [From  pistil'lum , a 
“pistil.”]  Pertaining  to  a pistil. 

Pis'til-late.  [From  the  same.]  Fur- 
nished with  pistils,  or  with  pistils  only. 

Pis-til-lif 'er-ous.  [Pistillif 'crus ; 
from  pistil'lum,  a “pistil,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  pistils. 

Pis-til'li-form.  [Fistillifor'niis; 
from  pistil'lum,  a “pestle.”]  Having 
the  form  of  a pestle. 

Pis-til'Ium.*  A pestle;  also,  the 
same  as  Pistil,  which  see. 

Pi 'sum.*  (Fr.  Pois,  pwL)  The  pea. 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Diadelphia , 
natural  order  Leguminosse. 

Pit.  The  depression  made  by  the 
pressure  of  the  finger  on  any  part  of  the 
body  in  an  oedematous  state.  Also  ap- 
plied to  the  cavities  or  depressions  left 
on  the  skin  after  a severe  attack  of  the 
small-pox. 

Pit  of  the  Stoin'acli.  [Scrobic'- 
ulus  Cor'dis.]  The  hollow  part  over 
the  region  of  the  stomach,  and  between 
the  cartilages  of  the  false  ribs. 

Pitch.  See  Pix. 

Pitch,  Jew’s.  A name  for  Asjihal- 
turn,  or  Bitumen  Judaicum. 

Pitch-Tree.  See  Pinus. 

Pitch'er  Plant.  A plant  of  which 
the  petiole  is  dilated  and  hollowed  out 
like  & pitcher,  the  lamina  (or  blade  of  the 
leaf)  being  articulated  to  it  and  closing 
the  orifice.  The  pitcher  is  called  ascid'- 
ium,  and  the  lid  oper’culum . An  example 
is  found  in  the  Nepenthes. 


423 


PIT 


PLA 


Pitclaer-Sbaped.  See  Ascidiate, 
and  Urceolate. 

Pitli.  [Medul'la.]  The  soft,  spongy- 
cellular  tissue  constituting  the  central 
portion  of  an  exogenous  stem  or  branch. 

Pit'ta-cal.  [From  7rtrra,  “ pitch/’  and 
Ka\o;,  “ beautiful.”]  A beautiful  blue  color- 
ing matter  discovered  in  the  oil  of  tar. 

Pit'ted  Tis'sue.  A name  of  a modi- 
fication of  cellular  vegetable  tissue,  hav- 
ing its  sides  marked  by  pits  sunk  in  the 
substance  of  the  membrane. 

Pittos3>oraceie,*pit-to-spo-ra'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(trees  or  shrubs),  mostly  natives  of  Aus- 
tralia. It  includes  the  Pittas' porum. 

Pit-u-i'ta.*  [From  77177-1-00,  or  -facra),  to 
“ congeal.”]  Phlegm;  viscid  and  gluti- 
nous mucus. 

Pit-u'i-ta-ry.  [Pituita'rius;  from 
pitui’ta,  “ phlegm.”]  Belonging  to 
phlegm. 

Pituitary  Body.  See  Pituitary 
Gland. 

Pitu'itary  Gland.  The  small  glan- 
dular body  which  rests  on  the  Sella  Tur- 
cica. Its  functions  are  unknown. 

Pitu'itary  Mem'brane.  The 
Schneiderian  Membrane,  which  see. 

Pit-y-ri'a-sis.*  [From  mrrpa, “ scurf,” 
or  “dandriff.”]  A skin-disease  in  which 
irregular  patches  of  small  thin  scales  re- 
peatedly form  and  separate,  unattended 
with  inflammation,  and  never  collecting 
into  crusts.  A genus  of  the  order 
Sqnamse  of  Willan’s  classification. 

Pix,*  gen,  Pi'cis.  [From  iruraa, 
“ pitch.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Lond.  Ph.,  1851)  for  a dry  bitumen 
prepared  from  liquid  pitch  : black  pitch. 

Pix  Ar'I-da.*  (“Dry  Pitch.”)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  pitch 
from  various  species  of  Pinus  abics. 

Pix  Bur-^uii'di-ca.*  (“Burgundy 
Pitch.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
a concrete  resinous  exudation  from  the 
Abies  excelsa. 

Pix  Can-a-deii'sis*  (“  Canada 
Pitch”),  or  fiScun'loclt  Pitch.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
prepared  concrete  juice  of  the  Abies 
Canadensis. 

Pix  Uq'u¥-da.3*  (“Liquid  Pitch.”) 
Tar.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of 
tar,  obtained  from  the  Pinus  pa  In  stria , 
the  /J.  si/ 1 rest r is,  and  various  other  spe- 
cies of  Pinus  and  Abies. 

Pix  Ni  grii.*  (“  Black  Pitch.”)  Com- 
mon pitch ; inspissated  tar. 

Pla-ce'bo.*  [The  future  tense  of 
plu’ceo,  to  “ please,”  or  “soothe.”]  “I 
424 


will  please,  or  soothe.”  Applied  to  a 
medicine  given  rather  to  please  than 
benefit  the  patient. 

Pla-cen'ta.*  [From Bukovs,  a “cake.”] 
A circular,  flat,  vascular,  flesh-like  sub- 
stance in  the  impregnated  uterus,  form- 
ing the  principal  medium  by  which  the 
communication  is  preserved  between  the 
mother  and  child.  In  Botany,  that  por- 
tion of  the  ovary  to  which  the  ovules  or 
seeds  are  attached. 

Placeu'ta  Prse'vl-a*  [from  prse'- 
vius , “going  before,”  or  “foremost”]. 
Applied  to  those  obstetrical  cases  in 
which  the  placenta  is  situated  internally 
over  the  mouth  of  the  womb,  often 
proving  a cause  of  excessive  haemor- 
rhage. 

Pla-cen'tse,*  the  plural  of  Placenta, 

which  see. 

Placentseformis.  See  Placenti- 

form. 

Pla-ceu'tal.  [Placenta'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  placenta. 

Pla-cen-ta'ri-um,*  The  same  as 
the  Placenta  (of  plants),  which  see. 

Pla^-en-ta'tiou.  [Placenta' tio, 
© 'nis;  from  placeu'ta,  a “cake.”]  The 
manner  in  which  the  seeds  are  attached 
to  the  pericarp;  the  arrangement  of 
placentae. 

Pla-cen'ti-form.  [Placentifor'- 

mis;  from  placeu’ta,  a “cake.”]  Re- 
sembling a cake;  nearly  the  same  as 
quoit-shaped. 

Pla£-en-ti'tis,  \dis*  [From  pla- 
cen'ta,  a “cake.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
placenta. 

Pla-cen'tu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  pla- 
cen'ta.']  A little  placenta:  a placen- 
tulc. 

Plad-a-ro'sis.*  [From  nXalapog,  “ wet,” 
or  “soft.”]  A fungous  and  flaccid  tu- 
mor within  the  eyelid. 

Plague.  See  Pestis. 

Plaited.  Sec  Plicate. 

Plane.  [From  pla'nns,  “smooth,” 
“flat,”  or  “plane.”]  A plain  surface,  all 
the  points  of  which  lie  even  between  its 
bounding  lines. 

Plan'et.  [Plane'ta;  from  irXayrjrrjg, 
“wandering.”]  A star  or  heavenly  body 
which,  with  a telescope  of  sufficient 
power,  exhibits  a round  and  well-dclincd 
disk,  and ‘revolves  around  the  sun  in  an 
elliptic  orbit.  Tho  planets  are  so  named 
because  they  are  constantly  changing 
their  apparent  position  in  relation  to  the 
fixed  stars,  among  which  they  seem  to 
wander. 

Plaii'c-ta-r5r.  [Planeta'rius;  from 


PLA 


PLA 


plane' tn,  a “planet."]  Belonging  to 
planets. 

Pla-net'ic«  [Planet'icus;  from 
plane' ta,  a “planet."]  Belonging  to  a 
planet ; wandering ; erratic. 

Plasi-I-flo'rus.*  [From  pla'nus , 
“flat,"  and  fl<>8,  a “flower."]  Having 
flat  flowers:  planiflo'rate. 

Plan-i-fo'li-ous.  [PlaiuifaBaa'tns; 
from  pla'nus,  “flat,"  or  “plane,"  and 
/ o'  Hum,  a “leaf."]  Having  flat  or  plane 
leaves. 

Pla-no'dS-a.*'  [From  irXavaonai,  to 
“wander,"  and  61)6$,  a “way."]  A false 
passage,  as  is  sometimes  made  in  stricture 
of  the  urethra  by  a bougie,  sound,  or 
catheter. 

Plaai'ta.*  The  inferior  surface  or 
sole  of  the  foot.  Also,  a plant,  or  vege- 
table. 

Plan  t agi  n acese,*  pi  an  - 1 aj  - e - n a'  - 
shc-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
herbaceous  plants,  found  in  all  parts  of 
the  world.  It  includes  Planta'go  (Plan- 
tain, or  Ribwort). 

Plan'tar.  [Planta'riis;  from  plan' - 
ta,  the  “sole  of  the  foot."]  Belonging 
to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Plan-ta'ris.*  [See  Plantar.]  The 
name  of  a muscle  arising  from  the  ex- 
ternal condyle  of  the  femur,  and  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  os  ealcis.  It  ex- 
tends the  foot. 

Plam'ti-g;rade.  [PI  an  tig* 'rad  ns ; 

from  plan' ta,  the  “sole  of  the  foot,"  and 
gra'dior,  to  “go,"  or  “walk."]  Applied 
to  Man  and  certain  other  mammalia  that 
walk  on  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Plan-tiv'o-rous.  [Plamtiv'orns; 
from  pfan'ta,  a “plant,"  and  vo'ro , to 
“devour."]  The  same  as  Piiytivorous. 

Pla-am'ri-a.*  [From  TcXo.vaojxai,  to 
“wander,"  and  evpov,  the  “urine."]  The 
discharge  of  urine  through  an  unusual 
or  unnatural  passage:  plan'ury. 

Pla'ims.*  Flat,  or  level.  Applied 
to  the  orbital  portion  ( Os  planum ) of  the 
ethmoid  bone. 

Plas'Bna,  a tis.%  [From  TcXaaoca,  to 
“form."]  A tenacious,  plastic  liquid, 
forming  the  coagulating  portion  of  the 
blood ; that  in  which  the  blood-corpuscles 
float ; the  Liquor  sanguinis. 

Plaster.  See  Ewplastrum. 

Plas'ter  of  Par'fis.  A common  name 
for  gypsum,  or  sulphate  of  lime : so 
called  from  its  having  been  originally 
procured  from  Mont  Martre,  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  Paris. 

Plastic.  [Plas  ticus;  from  vX&ogw, 
to  “form."]  Forming,  or  having  power 


to  form.  Also,  capable  of  being  formed 
or  moulded  as  clay. 

Plas-ti^'I-t^.  [Plasti$'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  plus' ticus,  “plastic."]  The  quality 
of  being  plastic. 

Platan aceae,  * plat-a-na'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  natives  of  North  America,  Bar- 
bary, and  the  Levant.  It  consists  of  one 
genus,  the  Plat! anus,  several  species  of 
which  are  cultivated  for  their  noble  ap- 
pearance. They  are  known  as  the  Plane- 
tree,  Sycamore,  or  Buttonwood. 

Pla-tel-as'ma,-  or  Pla-ti-as'mus.* 
[From  7T \<iTvg,  “broad.”]  A defect  in 
speech  characterized  by  the  vulgar  term 
“blobber-lipped,"  and  observed  in  per- 
sons with  very  thick  and  broad  lips. 

Platana.  See  Platinum. 

Plat'i-natc.  [Plati'nas,  n'tis.]  A 
combination  in  which  platinic  oxide  acta 
the  part  of  an  acid. 

Pla-tin'ic.  [Platin'ictis.]  Be- 
longing to  platinum. 

Plat  i-miin,*orPIat'I-na.*  [Span- 
ish diminutive  of  pla'ta,  “silver;"  Fr. 
Platine,  plA,'t£n',  or  Petit  Argent,  peh-t&' 
tau’zhoNo'.]  A valuable,  rare,  and  exceed- 
ingly ductile  metal,  which  is  the  heaviest 
substance  known.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
21.fi.  It  undergoes  no  change  from  air 
or  moisture,  and  is  not  soluble  in  any  of 
the  pure  acids.  It  may,  however,  be  dis- 
solved by  nitro-muriatic  acid.  In  color 
it  resembles  silver. 

Plat'imim,  Spon  gy,  has  the  re- 
markable property  of  being  ignited  by 
contact  wiih  hydrogen  gas. 

Plat-y-car'pous.  [Platycar'pus ; 

from  n\arv;,  “broad,"  and  /cap nog,  “fruit."] 
Having  broad  fruit. 

PIat-y-$epli'a-lons.  [ Platycepla'- 
alus;  from  n\aro;,  “broad,"  and  /cepaXrj, 
the  “head."]  Having  a flat  or  broad 
head.  Applied  to  a species  of  mush- 
rooms ; also  to  certain  animals. 

Plat-y-glos'sus.*  [From  7rA  arvg, 
“broad,"  and  y\r6iaa,  the  “tongue."] 
Having  a broad  tongue.  The  Heliopsis 
platyglossa  has  the  corols  of  its  corona 
prolonged  into  a very  broad  tongue. 

Pla-tyl'0-bus.**  [From  ttA  arvg, 
“broad,"  and  \o%g,  a “lobe."]  Having 
broad  lobes  or  segments. 

Plal-y*l«'  urns.*  [From  it  Xarvg, 

“broad,"  and  Xupa,  a “frame  or  edge."] 
Having  broadly  margined  leaves. 

Plat'y-pes,  p'edts.*  [From  n\arvg, 
“broad,"  and  pes,  a “foot."]  Having 
the  foot  or  stipes  dilated  at  its  base.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 


42  fi 


PLA 


PLE 


Plat-y-pet'a-lus.*  [From  nXarvg, 
“ broad,”  and  neraXov,  a “petal.”]  Having 
broad  petals : platypetalous. 

Plat-y-phyUus.^  [From  nXarvg, 
“ broad,”  and  (pvXXov , a “leaf.”]  Having 
broad  leaves : platyphyllous. 

Plat-y-sil'I-quus.*  [From  nXarvg, 
“ broad,”  and  sil'iqua,  a “pod.”]  Having 
flat,  broad  siliques. 

Pla-tys'ma,  a tis.%  [Gr.  7rXarwrpa,  a 
“.broad  sheet;”  from7rXarui/w,  to  “dilate.”] 
An  expansion,  or  dilatation. 

Platys'ma  My-o'des.*  The  broad, 
thin,  subcutaneous  muscle  on  the  side  of 
the  neck. 

Plecl'g'et.  (Fr.  Plumaceau,  plii'm&'so'.) 
A small  compress  or  piece  of  lint  rolled 
up  into  an  oval  or  orbicular  form. 

Pleiocene.  See  Pliocene. 

Plei-o-pliyl'lus.*  [From  nXeiuv, 
“more,”  “many,”  and  (pvXXov,  a “leaf.”] 
Bearing  a great  number  of  leaves. 

Pleis'to-^ene.  [From  nXeiaro;, 

“ most,”  and  Kaivog,  “ recent.”]  The  most 
recent  or  uppermost  of  the  tertiary  strata, 
containing  the  largest  proportion  of  re- 
cent (or  living)  species  of  shells. 

Plenck’s  So-lutioai.  Mercury  sus- 
pended in  water  by  being  rubbed  for  a 
considerable  time  with  gum  arabic. 

Plen.  riv.  ==  Pie’ no  ri'vo.*  “ In  a full 
stream.” 

Ple'o-nasm.  [Pleonas'mus ; from 

7r Xsovaapog,  a “magnifying,”  or  “exaggera- 
tion.”] A faulty  formation,  with  an  over- 
growth, or  over-number,  of  parts.  Also, 
a redundant  phrase. 

Ple-o-iiec'ti-cus.*  Belonging  to 
pleonexia.  Applied  to  a form  of  in- 
sanity. 

Ple-o-nex'i-a.*  [Gr.  vXsov£\ia} 

“ greediness.”]  Greediness,  grasping 
selfishness,  overbearing  temper  or  arro- 
gance, regarded  as  mental  disease. 

Ple-sl-o-mor'plious.  [Plesio- 
niorpluis:  from  nXi iaiog,  “near,”  and 
//op/»»7,  “ form.”]  Nearly  of  the  same 
form. 

Ples'ser.  [From  nXfiaaa),  to  “strike.”] 
The  same  as  Plexor. 

Ples-sim'e-ter.  [From  rX^o-w,  to 
“strike,”  and  pirpoi/,  a “measure.”]  The 
same  as  Pleximeter,  which  see. 

Ple-tho'ra-  or  pleth'o-ra.  [From 
ir\rj9(o,  to  “be  full.”]  Excessive  fulness 
of  the  vessels;  repletion;  also,  a fulness 
or  plumpness  of  body. 

Plc-thttr'ic.  [piettior'icns.]  Re- 
lating to  plethora;  full  of  blood. 

Pleii'ra.*  [Gr.  nXtiipd,  the  “side,” 
also,  a “ rib ;”  Fr.  Pllvre,  plevit  or  pl&vR.] 
426 


A serous  membrane,  divided  into  two 
portions  by  the  mediastinum , lining  the 
right  and  left  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and 
by  its  continuation  reflected  over  each 
lung. 

Pleu'ra  Cos-ta'lis,*  Pleu  ra  Pa- 
ri-e-ta'lis.*  That  portion  of  the  pleura 
which  lines  the  ribs  or  parietes  of  the 
thorax. 

Pleu'ra  Pul-mo-na'lis.*  (“  Pleura 
of  the  Lungs.”)  That  portion  of  the 
pleura  which  invests  the  lungs. 

Pleu'ral.  The  same  as  Pleuric, 
which  see. 

Pleu-r&l'gi-a.*  [From  irXzvpd,  the 
“side,”  or  “rib,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”] 
Pain  in  the  pleura,  or  side : pleurajgy. 
See  Pleurodynia. 

Pleu-ra-po-phys'i-al.  [Pleura- 

pophysia'lis.]  Belonging  to  pleura- 
qwphysis. 

Pleu-ra-popli'y-sis.*  [From  nXevpd, 
the  “side,”  or  “rib,”  and  corona),  to  “be 
born  from.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the 
homologues  of  the  costal  process,  or  late- 
ral part  on  each  side  of  a vertebra. 

Pleii-ra-pos-te'ma,  a tis*  [From 
pleu'ra , and  anforriya,  an  “aposteme.”] 
An  aposteme,  or  abscess,  in  the  pleura. 

Pleu-rar-throc'a-$e.*  [From  pleu- 
rar'thron , and  Kaxog,  “evil.”]  Caries  of  a 
rib -joint. 

Pleu-rar'thron,*  or  Pleti-rar'- 

thrum.*  [From  n Xevpa,  the  “side,”  or 
“rib,”  and  apQpov,  a “joint.”]  The  articu- 
lation of  a rib. 

Flcu-ren  chy-itia.^  [From  irXzi'pd, 
the  “ side,”  and  SyX"pa,  any  thing 
poured  in,  an  “infusion.”]  A term  ap- 
plied by  Lindley  to  woody  tissue,  or 
Woody  Fibre,  which  see. 

Pleur£sie.  See  Pleurisy. 

Pleu'ric.  [Pleu'ricus.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  pleura,  etc. 

Pleu'ri-sy.  The  same  as  Pleuritis, 
which  see. 

Pleu-rit'ic.  [Pleurit'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  pleuritis , or  pleurisy. 

Ploii-ri'tis,  i dis*  [From  pleu'ra .] 
(Fr.  Pleuresie,  pluh'rA/.^'.)  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  pleura:  pleu'risy. 

Pleu-ro-car'pus,*^  or  Pleii-ro-car '- 
pe-us.*  [From  nXevpd,  the  “side,”  and 
Kapn6g,  “fruit.”]  Applied  in  the  plural 
masculine  ( Plenrocar'pi ) to  a division  of 
the  Musci  Ca/ypteratse,  in  which  the  fruit 
is  lateral  upon  the  stem  or  branches. 

Pleu-ro-clyn'1-a.*  [From  7rXn'pu,  the 
“side,”  and  dAvvn,  “pain.”]  External 
(rheumatic)  pain  in  tho  side. 

Pleu-ro-ucc'teS.*  [From  nXcvpii,  and 


PLE 


PLU 


vfiKTT)<;,  a “ swimmer.”]  Literally,  “ swim- 
ming on  the  side/’  Applied  to  the  sole 
fish. 

Pleuronec'tes  So'le-a.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  sole. 

Pleu-ror-rlioea.*  [From  n \evpd,  and 
picj,  to  “flow.”]  An  exudation  from,  or 
collection  of  fluid  within,  the  pleura. 

Pleu-ror-thop-nce'a.*  [From 

pleu'ra,  opOog,  “ upright,' ” and  nveco,  to 
“breathe.”]  A term  for  Pleuritis,  in 
which  the  patient  can  only  breathe  when 
sitt'ng  erect. 

Pleu-ro-spas'mus.*  [From  7r\r.vpa, 
the  “side,”  and  anaapos,  a “spasm.”] 
Cramp  in  the  side:  pleu'rospasm. 

Pleu-ro-tliwt'o-nos.*’  [From  n\ev- 
p69sv,'  “from  the  side,”  and  reive*,  to 
“bend.”]  Bent  or  stretched  from  one 
side.  Applied  to  a variety  of  Tetanus. 

Plfcvre,  plevn,  or  Pleure,  plun.  The 
French  term  for  Pleura,  which  see. 

Plex-inn'e-ter.  [Plcxiiu'ctruin ; 
from  n\rj%isy  a “stroke,”  and  pir/ov,  a 
“measure.”]  A flat  piece  of  ivory,  or  a 
circular  piece  of  sole-leather,  by  means  of 
which  mediate  percussion  is  performed. 
See  Percussion. 

Plex-i-met'rlc.  [Pleximet'ricus.] 

Belonging  to  the  pleximeter. 

Plexionietrum.  See  Pleximeter. 

PI  ex 'us.-  [From  plec'to,plex'um,  to 
“knit,”  or  “weave.”]  (Fr.  Lacis,  l&'se'.) 
A network.  The  intertwining  and  inter- 
crossing of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the 
system,  but  more  especially  of  the  latter. 

Plexus  Axillaa*is.  See  Axillary 
Plexus. 

Plexus  Cardfiacus.  See  Cardiac 
Plexus. 

Plexus  Oi  oroides.  See  Choroid 
Plexus. 

Plex'us  Pam-pm-f-for'mis.*  The 

plexus  of  blood-vessels  about  the  sper- 
matic cord.  Also  termed  Corpus  ptuv- 
piniforme , or  “ tendril-like  body.”  See 
Pampiniform. 

Plex'us  Pul-moil' i-cus.*  (“  Pul- 
monic Plexus.”)  Formed  by  the  union 
of  the  eighth  pair  of  nerves  with  the 
great  sympathetic. 

Plex'us  Re-tic-u-3a'ras.:;:'  The  net- 
work of  vessels  situated  below  the  For- 
nix of  the  brain. 

Plexus  Solaris.  See  Solar  Plexus. 

Pli'ca.-  [From  pli'eo,  to  “plait.”] 
Knitted  or  plaited  hair.  A disease  in 
which  the  hair  becomes  inextricably 
knitted  and  glued  together.  Also  termed 
Trichoma,  Trichia,  Trichiasis. 

Pli'ca  Po-loii'I-ca.-  (“Polish  Plica.”) 


Another  name  for  the  disease  termed 
plica , because  prevalent  in  Poland. 

Pli'ca  Sem-I-lu-na'ris.*  [From 
sem'i , “half,”  and  lu'na,  a “moon.”]  A 
slight  duplicature  of  the  conjunctiva  on 
the  outer  side  of  the  caruncula  lachry- 
malis ; the  rudiment  of  the  third  lid 
of  animals.  More  fully  developed,  it 
becomes  the  membra'na  nic' titans  of 
birds. 

Pll'cate.  [Plica'tus;  from  pli'eo, 
plica' turn,  to  “ plait,”  or  “ knit.”]  Folded ; 
plaited. 

Pli^-i-den'tine.  [From  pli'ca , a 
“fold,”  and  dens,  den'tis,  a “tooth.”]  A 
modification  of  the  fundamental  tissue 
of  teeth,  in  which,  on  a transverse  sec- 
tion, the  dentine  exhibits  sinuous  wavings 
diverging  from  the  central  pulp-cavity 
of  the  tooth. 

Pll-£if 'er-ous.  [Plicif'erus:  from 

pli'ca,  a “plait,”  a “fold,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  folds.  Ap- 
plied to  parts  of  plants. 

Pli'o-^ene.  [From  nXciov,  “more,” 
and  kulivos,  “recent.”]  A geological  term 
applied  to  the  most  modern  of  the  divi- 
sions of  the  tertiary  epoch,  because  the 
greater  part  of  its  fossil  Testacea  are 
referable  to  recent  species. 

Plo-ea'ri-a  Can'di-da.*  Ceylon 
Moss;  an  algaceous  plant,  abounding  in 
mucilage  and  starchy  matter,  and  yield- 
ing a decoction  and  a jelly  employed  in 
pharmacy. 

Plomb,  p!6no.  The  French  term  for 
Lead,  which  see. 

Plog'ging.  A term  for  the  operation 
of  filling  the  cavity  in  a carious  tooth,  in 
order  to  exclude  the  air,  and  thus  pre- 
vent toothache.  Also  applied  to  the  ope- 
ration of  inserting  pieces  of  rag,  sponge, 
or  the  like,  into  the  vagina,  in  cases  of 
severe  uterine  haemorrhage,  to  act  as  a 
plug  for  preventing  the  farther  escape  of 
blood,  so  that  the  coagula  then  formed 
will  mechanically  and  effectually  stop 
the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessels.  See 
Tampon.  Applied  also  to  an  analogous 
operation  on  the  nostrils,  in  epistaxis. 

Plum.  [Pru'mim.]  The  fruit  of 
the  Primus  domestica ; when  dried  and 
preserved,  it  is  called  a Prune,  or  French 
plum. 

Plumaceau,  plii'mA'so'.  The  French 
term  for  Pledget,  which  see. 

Plumbaginacese,*  plum-baj-e~na'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  found  in  many  temperate,  cold, 
and  tropical  regions.  It  includes  Plnm- 
ba'go,  and  Stat'ice,  which  is  a powerful 
427 


PLU 


PLU 


astringent.  Some  species  are  extremely 
caustic. 

Pluain-ba'jjro.**  Graphite,  or  black 
lead.  A combination  of  carbon  with  a 
minute  quantity  of  iron,  used  in  forming 
lead-pencils,  and  for  a variety  of  other 
purposes. 

PI  tun  bate.  [Plum'bas,  a'f/s.]  A 
combination  of  plumbic  oxide  with  an- 
other oxide,  with  regard  to  which  it 
acts  the  part  of  an  acid. 

PI  a m bi  A-^e'tas*  (“  Acetate  of 
Lead”),  or  Su'gar  of  ILead.  The  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  ||  for  a substance  in 
colorless  crystals  which  effloresce  on  ex- 
posure to  the  air.  It  is  dissolved  by  dis- 
tilled water  with  a slight  turbidness, 
which  is  removed  by  the  addition  of  dis- 
tilled vinegar.  Acetate  of  lead,  in  me- 
dicinal doses,  is  a powerful  astringent 
and  sedative,  and  is  often  given  in  haem- 
orrhages and  in  diarrhoea,  with  the  most 
beneficial  results.  In  over-doses,  however, 
it  is  an  irritant  poison.  In  minute  doses 
long  continued,  it  sometimes  produces 
lead  colic  ( colica  pictonum)  and  a spe- 
cies of  paralysis,  termed  lead  pnlsy. 

Plum'bi  Car-bo'nas*  (“Carbonate 
of  bead”),  or  WJiite  ILeatl.  The  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  ||  for  a white  substance 
in  powder  or  pulverulent  masses,  insolu- 
ble in  water,  but  soluble  with  efferves- 
cence in  dilute  nitric  acid.  It  is  used 
as  an  external  application  to  excoriated 
and  inflamed  surfaces.  See  Poisons. 

Plum'bi  Xi'tras.*  (“Nitrate  of 
Lead.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for 
a substance  in  white,  nearly  opaque,  oc- 
tahedral crystals,  permanent  in  the  air, 
and  of  a sweet,  astringent  taste.  It  is 
soluble  in  cold  water  and  in  alcohol.  It 
is  used  as  a disinfectant,  and  as  an  ap- 
plication to  putrid  and  indolent  ulcers. 

Plum'bi  Ox'I-clum*  (“Oxide  of 
Lead”),  or  Plum'bi  Ox'idum  Sem-I- 
vit're-um*  (“Semi-vitreous  Oxide  of 
Lead”) ; also  termed  Iiitl»'arg,c.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  a 
substance  in  small  yellowish  or  orange- 
colored  scales,  insoluble  in  water,  but 
almost  wholly  soluble,  with  slight  effer- 
vescence, in  dilute  nitric  acid.  Litharge 
is  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Em- 
plastrum  Plnmbi,  which  forms  the  base 
of  many  other  plasters. 

Plumbic.  [Plum'bicus;  from 
plum'bnm , “lead.”]  Belonging  to  lead. 

Plum  bic  As'id.  The  same  as  per- 
oxide of  lead. 

Plum-bo'sus.*  [From  plum'bum, 
“lead.”]  Leaden,  or  like  lead. 

428 


Pliun'biim,"  gen.  Plum'bi.  (Fr. 

Plornb,  pl6N<».)  The  Latin  term  for  Lead, 
which  see. 

Plu'mi-form.  [Plumifor'mis; 

from  plu'ma , a “feather.”]  Like  a plume, 
or  feather. 

Pluin'mer’s  Pills.  The  Pil'ulae 
Calomel' anas  Compos' itse  (“  Compound 
Calomel  Pills”)  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

Plu-mose',  or  Plu'mous.  [Plu- 

ino'sus;  from  plu'ma,  a “feather.”] 
Having  feathers,  or  resembling  feathers; 
feathered. 

Plu  mule.  [Plu'mula;  diminutive 
of  plu'ma,  a “feather.”]  The  bud  or 
growing  point  of  the  embryo,  above  the 
cotyledons;  the  ascending  axis  of  the 
embryo  of  a plant.  See  Gemmule. 

Plu-mu-li-for'mis.':i:‘  [From  plu'- 
mula, a “plumule.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a small  feather:  plu'muli- 
form. 

Plu-ri-flo'rous.  [Pluriflo'rus; 

from  plu'res,  “more,”  or  “many,”  and 
Jlos,  a “ flower.”]  Having  many,  or 
several,  flowers. 

Plu-ril'o-bus.*  [From/>?aVes,“more,” 
or  “ many,”  and  lo'bus,  a “lobe.”]  F ormed 
of  many  lobes. 

Plu-ri-loc'u-lar.  [Plurilocula'- 

ris;  from  plu'res,  “more,”  or  “many,” 
and  loe'ulus,  a “cell.”]  Having  many, 
or  several,  cells.  Applied  to  the  ovary 
of  certain  plants. 

PI  u-rl- par ' ti  t e.  [Plur i par t i ' t us ; 

from  plu'res,  “more,”  or  “many,”  and 
par'tio , parti' turn,  to  “divide.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a calyx  when  it  presents  many 
incisions  extended  almost  to  its  base. 

Plu-ri-pet'a-lus.*  [From  plu'res , 
“more,”  or  “many,”  and  pet' alum,  a 
“petal.”]  The  same  as  Polypetalous, 
which  see. 

Plu-ri-se'ri-ate.  [Pluriseria'tus; 

from  plu'res,  “more,”  or  “many,”  and 
se'ries,  an  “order,”  or  “row.”]  Disposed 
in  many  rows. 

Plu-rl-v&l'vis.*  [From  plu'res , 
“more,”  or  “many,”  and  val'va,  a 
“valve.”]  Plu'rivalve.  Applied  to  a 
capsule  composed  of  many  valves. 

Plu-to'ni-an.  [IMutonia  iuis;  from 
Pin' to,  Pluto' vis,  the  god  of  Ha'des,  or 
the  infernal  regions.]  A term  applied 
to  rocks  of  igneous  formation,  and  to  a 
theory  proposed  by  Hutton,  that  unstrati- 
fied crystalline  rocks  were  formed  by 
igneous  fusion. 

Plii’ton'ic.  [Pluton'lcus ; from 
the  same.]  The  same  as  Plutonian. 

Pin  'to-n  ism.  [Plntoiiis'mus  | 


PLU 


PNE 


from  the  same.]  A hypothesis  which 
attributes  to  subterranean  fires  the  con- 
stitution of  the  principal  beds,  or,  at 
least,  of  the  crust,  of  the  globe.  The 
Plutonian  theory  of  Geology,  also  called 
Huttonian  theory.  See  Plutonian. 

Plu'vi-al.  [Pluvia'lis ; from  pla'- 
via , “rain.”]  Pertaining  to  rain. 

Plw-vl-om'e-ter.  [From  plu'via , 
“rain,”  and  p&pov,  a “measure.”]  A rain- 
gauge  ; a vessel  in  which  the  rain  is 
caught  as  it  falls,  and  measured. 

Pneu-mar-tltoro'sis.*  (P silent,  and 
so  in  all  the  subsequent  words  beginning 
with  pn.)  [From  nvsvpa,  “ air,”  and  apOpov, 
a “joint.”]  A secretion  of  air  within  the 
joints,  which  disappears  spontaneously, 
and  frequently  in  the  course  of  a few  days, 
and  even  a few  hours. 

Pnefi-mat'ic.  [Pnewmaticus ; 
from  n vet) pul,  “ air,”  or  “ breath.”]  Pertain- 
ing to  air  (or  gas),  or  to  pneumatics. 

Pneumat  ic  Trough.  A trough  of 
a particular  construction,  for  collecting 
gases  under  water  (or  quicksilver),  so  as 
to  exclude  atmospheric  air;  also  called 
Hydropneumatic  Trough  : but  this  latter 
term  is  only  applicable  to  a pneumatic 
trough  with  water, — not  to  one  contain- 
ing quicksilver. 

PaaefB-mat'I-ca.*  [From  pneumat' - 
icus,  “pertaining  to  air,  or  respiration.”] 
The  name  of  a class  in  Good’s  Nosology, 
comprising  diseases  of  the  respiratory 
function. 

Pneu-mat'i-ci.*  [Masculine  plural 
of  pneumat' icus , “pneumatic.”]  “Pneu- 
matic [Physicians].”  A sect  or  school 
(founded  by  Athenseus)  who  imagined 
that  there  existed  an  immaterial  princi- 
ple or  element,  whicli  they  called  pneuma, 
on  which  they  conceived  health  and  dis- 
ease to  depend. 

Pjaeu-mat'ics.  [Pneumat  ica;  from 
Trvzvpa,  “air,”  or  “breath.”]  The  science 
which  treats  of  the  mechanical  proper- 
ties of  elastic  fluids,  and  particularly  of 
atmospheric  air. 

Pneumatocele,*  nu'ma-to-sel.  [From 
jt vzvpa,  “air,”  or  “breath,”  and  ki?X?7,  a 
“tumor.”]  Any  kind  of  hernia  filled 
with  flatus. 

Pneuma-to-eSie'mi-a.*  [From 
nvsvna,  “air,”  or  “breath,”  and  che'mia, 
“chemistry.”]  Pneumatic  chemistry. 
That  branch  of  chemistry  which  treats 
of  airs  or  gases. 

Pneuma-to-chem'i-cal.  [Pneu- 
matocliem'icus.]  Belonging  to  pneu- 
matic chemistry.  The  pneumato-chemi- 
cal  apparatus,  invented  by  Priestley,  is  a 
37 


tub  full  of  water  arranged  so  that  it  will 
permit  of  gases  being  easily  collected. 
Pneu  ma-to-cliy-niif'er-us.*  [From 

irvevpa,  “air,”  or  “breath,”  X'^og,  “juice,” 
or  “ sap,”  and fe’ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Applied 
to  the  tracheae  of  vegetables  when  com- 
posed of  two  tubes,  the  one  straight  and 
full  of  air,  the  other  rolled  into  a spiral 
form  and  full  of  liquid. 

PnefB'ma-to-ilysp-noe'a«*‘  [From 
nvcvpa,  “air,”  or  “breath,”  and  dyspnoe'a, 
“difficult  breathing.”]  Emphysematous 
dyspnoea. 

Pneu-ma-toro-gy.  [Pncumato- 
logia;  from  nvevpa,  “air,”  “breath,”  or 
“spirit,”  and  Xoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  The 
science  which  treats  of  spirit  or  of  spirit- 
ual substances. 

Pnou-ma-toBn'e-ter.  [Pneuina- 
tometrisin ; from  nvevpa,  “breath,”  and 
neTpoy,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  measuring  the  quantity  of  air  in- 
haled at  a single  inspiration. 

Pncu-ina-toplft'o-rus.*  [From  nvcv- 
l*a,  “air,”  or  “breath,”  and  $£po>,  to 
“bear.”]  Applied  to  tubes  in  plants, 
full  of  air,  which  is  conducted  to  the 
centre  of  the  spiral  tube  of  the  tracheae. 

Pneu-ma-to'sis.*  [From  m/zvpardcj, 
to  “distend  with  wind.”]  Windy  swell- 
ing. A genus  of  the  order  Intumcscen- 
tiae,  class  Cachexias,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 
Also  termed  Emphysema. 

Pneumatothorax.  See  Pneumo- 
thorax. 

Pnefi-mo-gas'trsc.  [Pneurae* 

gas'trlcus;  from  irvevpojv,  a “lung,”  or 
the  “lungs,”  and  yaarnp,  the  “belly,” 
or  “stomach.”]  Belonging  to  the  lungs 
and  stomach. 

Pneumogas'fric  Nerves.  [Ner'vi 
Pnetanaogas'triel.]  The  par  vayum , 
or  eighth  pair  of  nerves,  distributed  to 
the  lungs  and  the  stomach. 

Pnew-mo^Ta*pSsy.  [Pneumo- 

gra'plaia ; from  nrcvpicov,  a “ lung,”  or 
the  “lungs,”  and  ypacf) w,  to  “write.”]  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  lungs. 

Pneii  - mo  - Ensem  - or  - rBaa'gi  - a.** 
[From  nuevpcou,  the  “ lungs,”  and  hsemor- 
rha'gia,  a “hsemorrhage.”]  A term  pro- 
posed by  Andral  to  denote  pulmonary 
apoplexy,  the  term  apoplexy  having  been 
originally  applied  to  a determinate  group 
of  symptoms,  and  not  to  any  particular 
form  of  lesion. 

PneM-Bnol'o-gy.  [Pneumolo'gia; 

from  TTrev/Kov,  the  “lungs,”  and  \6yog,  a 
“discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  lungs; 
the  science  of  the  lungs. 

Pneu-mo-me'mi-a.*  [From  TTvevpcov, 

429 


PNE 


POD 


the  “lungs,”  and  aqia,  “blood.”]  Con- 
gestion of  blood  in  the  lungs. 

Pneu-mo-iial'gi-a.^  [From  rvsvpujyv, 
the  “lungs,”  and  aXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain 
of  the  lungs  : pneumonal'gy. 

Pneu-moni-a.-  [Gr.  rvsvpovia,  a 
“ disease  of  the  lungs ;”  Fr.  Inflammation 
des  poumons,  aNo'fl&m'ma'se-^K6'  di  poo'- 
m6N«'.]  Inflammation  of  the  lungs.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Plilegmasise,  class 
Pyrcxise , of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  The 
symptoms  of  this  disease  are  fever,  ac- 
companied with  pain  in  the  thorax, 
which  is  aggravated  by  coughing,  a 
quick  and  hard  pulse,  with  more  or  less 
difficulty  of  breathing. 

Pnen-inoji'ie.  [From  r usv/xmi/,  the 
“lungs.”]  Belonging  to  the  lungs;  pul- 
monary. 

Ihieu-ino-siilss,  idis*  [From  rvtv- 
po>v,  the  “ lungs.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
lungs;  also  term'd  pneumonia  and  peri- 
pneumonia. See  Pneumonia. 

P3ieH-m©3i-o-«!yii'i-a.*  [From  rvev- 
ixtov,  the  “lungs,”  and  6?vvrt , “pain.”] 
Pain  of  the  lungs.  See  Pneumonalgia. 

Piieu-aiioii-ce-de'ma,  a tis.%  [From 
rrevycov,  the  “lungs,”  and  c ede'ma.]  (Ede- 
via,  or  dropsical  condition,  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  lungs. 

PiiefMnoii-o-gas'tri-cus.^  The 
same  as  Pn e um oga s tricus.  See  Pneumo- 
GASTRIC. 

Pneii-mo-Bfioin'e-ter.  [Pnennno- 
noin'ctrum.]  The  same  as  Pneuma- 
tometer,  which  see. 

Piieu'mo-Per-i-car'cCS-wBBi.-fFrom 

Trvsvfjia,  “air,”  and  r epiKupSiO',  the  “pericar- 
dium.”] A name  applied  to  an  effusion 
of  air  into  the  cavity  of  the  pericardium. 

Pneu-mo-tho'rax^'  or  Pncu-ma- 
to-tlio'rax,  a 'cis.*  [From  rvtvpa,  “ air,” 
or  “ breath,”  and  9 'pa[,  the  “ chest.”]  An 
accumulation  of  air  in  the  chest,  or 
thorax. 

Pock.  A pustule  of  variola;  also  ap- 
plied to  varicella,  or  the  chicken-pox. 

Poc-n-la'ris.*  [From  poc'ulum , a 
“cup,”  or  “bowl.”]  Belonging  to  a cup  : 
poc'ular.  See  Sinus  Pocularis. 

Poe'u-ll-form.  [Poculifor'mis ; 
from  poc'ulum,  a “cup,”  or  “bowl.”] 
Having  the  form  of  a cup;  deep  cup- 
shaped. 

Poc'u-lum  Di-og'e-nis.51'  (“Cup 
of  Diogenes.”)  The  hollow  of  the  hand. 
See  Diogenes’  Cup. 

Pod.  A legume,  follicle,  or  any  sort 
of  capsule. 

Pod  'a-ji’ra.*  [From  rov;,  iroJog,  the 
“foot,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”]  Gout  in 
430 


the  joints  of  the  foot.  A genus  of  the 
order  Phlegmasise,  class  Pyrexise,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology.  The  following  forms  of 
this  disease  may  be  noticed. 

Reg'ular  Gout.  \Pod'agra  (or  Ar- 
thri’tis)  Regula'risJ]  Violent  inflamma- 
tion, remaining  for  a few  days,  and 
gradually  receding  with  swelling,  itch- 
ing, and  desquamation  of  the  part. 

Aton'ic  Gout.  [Pod' agra  (or  Arthri'- 
lis)  Aton'ica. ] Accompanied  with  atony 
of  the  stomach,  or  other  internal  part, 
with  the  usual  inflammation  of  the  joints, 
or  with  slight  and  temporary  pains  ; with 
dyspepsia  and  other  symptoms  of  atony 
often  alternating  with  each  other. 

Ret'rograde  Gout.  [Pod'agra  (or 
Arthri'tis)  Petrog'rada.]  Also  termed 
Retrocedent  Gout.  Characterized  by 
inflammation  of  the  joints  suddenly  dis- 
appearing, and  atony  of  some  internal 
part  immediately  following. 

Aber'rant  Gout.  [Pod'agra  Aher'~ 
vans,  or  Arthri'tis  Errat'ica. ] Passing 
from  one  part  to  another,  but  usually 
attended  with  inflammation  of  some  in- 
ternal organ. 

Po-dag^rlc.  [Podag'ricns.]  Be- 
longing to  podagra. 

Po-dal'g’i-a.*  [From  rovg,  mSog,  the 
“foot,”  and  oAyo;,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
foot,  as  from  gout,  rheumatism,  or  the 
like. 

Pod-a-men-^e-pEia'Ii-a.*  [From 

rov;,  t ro5og,  the  “foot,”  and  anencepha’lia , 
“absence  of  brain.”]  The  condition  of 
a monster-foetus  without  a brain,  the 
cephalic  extremity  being  supported  by  a 
pedicle.  The  term  is  also  used  for  Pod- 
ENCEPHALIA. 

Pod-ar-tEiri'tis,  idis*  [From  rov g, 
a “foot,”  and  arthri'tis , “inflammation 
of  the  joints.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
joints  of  the  foot. 

Pod-en-se-plm'II-a.*  [From  pod- 
enceph' alus.']  A term  for  the  condition 
of  a podcnceph'alus. 

Pod-en-^epEi'a-Ins.*  [From  rov g,  a 
“foot,”  and  iyKzpaAog,  the  “brain.”]  A 
monster-foetus,  the  brain  of  which,  with- 
out a cranium,  hangs  by  a pedicle. 

Podetium,*  po-de'she-um.  [Di- 
minutive of  rov;,  a “foot.”]  The  pecu- 
liar footstalk  of  the  tubercles  in  cup- 
lichens. 

Pod  -©-car ' p u s.i:-  [From  rovg,  a 
“ foot,”  and  Ka;.r6;,  “ fruit.”]  Applied  to 
a plant  the  ovary  of  which  is  borne  upon 
a pedicel : a podocarp. 

PcMl-o-^epIi '9-lus.*  [From  irovg.  a 
“foot,”  and  Kc<pa\fi,  the  “ head.”]  llav- 


POD 


POI 


ing  flowers  united  into  heads:  podo- 
cephalous. 

Pod-ce-de'ma,  a tis*  [From  novs,  a 
“ foot,”  and  cede' may  a “ swelling.”] 
(Edema  of  the  feet. 

Pocl-o-phyl'lin.  [Podophylli'na.] 

A resinous  principle  of  a yellow  (or  yel- 
lowish) color,  found  in  the  root  of  the 
Podophyllum  peltatum.  This  is  a medi- 
cine of  great  power,  operating,  in  doses 
of  from  two  to  five  grains,  as  a drastic 
purgative.  In  smaller  doses  it  is  said  to 
act  as  r.n  alterative  and  cliolagogue.  It 
is  asserted  by  some  of  the  Eclectics  that, 
as  a remedial  agent,  podophyllin  may 
in  all  cases  be  substituted  for  mercury, 
and  that  in  some  instances  it  has  even 
produced  salivation. 

Pod-o-pliyl Twin.*  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  ||  for  the  rhizoma  of  the 
Podophyllum  peltatum,  or  May-apple.  It 
is  an  active  and  certain  cathartic,  re- 
sembling jalap  in  its  operation. 

Po-dop'ter-us.*  [From  novg,  a 
“foot,”  and  n rcp6i>,  a “wing.”]  Having 
peduncles  with  expansions  in  the  form 
of  wings : podop'terous. 

Pod'o-sperm.  [FmJosper'ma, 
a tis;  from  novs,  a “foot,”  and  cncppa,  a 
“ seed.”]  The  stalk  of  a seed ; the  fu- 
niculus by  which  the  ovule  adheres  to 
the  placenta  of  a plant. 

Podostemacerp,^  po-dos-te-ma'- 
she-e.  [From  Podoste'mon , one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous, 
aquatic,  herbaceous  plants,  found  in 
South  America. 

Pod-o-tBie'ea.*  [From  novs,  noSos,  a 
“foot,”  and  Own,  a “receptacle.”]  Ap- 
plied to  a preparation  of  the  cuticle  of 
the  foot. 

Pce-cil-2-a'mis.*  [From  noud\os, 
“many-colored,”  “varied.”]  Applied 
by  Brongniart  to  rocks  having  varied  or 
chequered  coloration. 

Poe-ci-lop'o-dus.*  [From  noud\os, 
“many-colored,”  and  novs,  a “foot.”] 
Having  dissimilar  feet.  Applied  to  an 
order  of  Crustacea. 

Poignet  (Fr.),  pw&n'y&\  See  Wrist. 

Foil,  pw&l.  The  French  term  for 
Hair,  which  see. 

Pointful.  Another  name  for  Pistil. 

Pointed.  See  Acuminate. 

Pointing.  The  conical  softish 
projection,  of  a light-yellow  color,  ob- 
servable in  an  abscess  when  nearly  ripe. 

Pois,  pwL  The  French  name  for 
“pea.”  See  Pisum. 

Poi'son.  [Lat.  Tox'icum,  or  Ve- 
ne'iium ; Fr.  Poison,  pw&'z6N°'.]  An 


animal,  vegetable,  or  mineral  substance 
which,  when  applied  externally,  or  taken 
into  the  stomach,  or  circulatory  system, 
operates  such  a change  in  the  animal 
economy  as  to  produce  disease  or  death. 
These  substances  may  be  divided  into 
two  great  classes,  namely,  Inorganic  poi- 
sons, comprising  those  which  exist  native, 
as  certain  poisonous  ores,  gases,  etc.,  and 
those  which  are  produced  by  chemical 
operations;  and  Organic  poisons,  or  those 
which  are  the  result  of  vital  action  in 
animals  or  plants. 

Viewed,  however,  with  reference  to 
their  effect  on  the  animal  system,  they 
may  be  arranged  under  the  three  fol- 
lowing heads : — 

1.  Irritant  poisons,  or  those  which  pro- 
duce irritation,  or  inflammation,  as  the 
mineral  acids,  oxalic  acid,  the  caustic 
alkalies,  antimony,  arsenic,  baryta,  the 
salts  of  copper,  some  of  the  compounds 
of  lead,  nitrate  of  silver,  the  salts  of 
zinc,  cantharides,  iodine,  phosphorus,  etc. 
A distinction  is  sometimes  drawn  between 
irritant  and  corrosive  poisons;  but  the 
difference  appears  to  be,  at  least  in  some 
cases,  one  of  degree  rather  than  of  kind. 
Thus,  one  of  the  more  powerful  mineral 
acids  in  a concentrated  form,  would  be  a 
corrosive  poison,  but  in  a diluted  foim, 
only  an  irritant  poison. 

2.  Narcotic  poisons,  or  such  as  pro- 
duce stupor  or  delirium,  as  opium,  hyos- 
cyamus,  etc. 

3.  Sedative  poisons , or  those  which  di- 
rectly reduce  the  vital  powers,  as  hydro- 
cyanic acid,  cyanide  of  potassium,  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  and  other  of  the 
poisonous  gases. 

4.  Acro-narcotic  and  Aero-sedative  poi- 
sons, including  those  which  produce  some- 
times irritation,  sometimes  narcotism  (or 
sedation),  or  both  together.  They  are 
chiefly  derived  from  the  vegetable  king- 
dom. Stramonium  or  belladonna  will  fur- 
nish an  example  of  the  acro-narcotic,  and 
aconite  of  the  acro-sedative,  poisons. 

Treatment. — It  is  not  deemed  neces- 
sary to  enter  here  into  a minute  consi- 
deration of  the  symptoms  caused  by  the 
various  kinds  of  poison.  In  fact,  the 
symptoms  produced  by  many  different 
substances  so  nearly  resemble  each  other 
that,  without  other  data,  they  would 
be  wholly  insufficient  for  determining  the 
character  of  the  poison.  But  some  as- 
sistance towards  forming  a correct  diag- 
nosis will  undoubtedly  be  furnished  by  a 
knowledge  even  of  the  general  properties 
of  the  various  poisons.  With  respect, 
431 


POI 


POI 


however,  to  the  more  important  articles 
of  this  class,  such  as  the  mineral  acids, 
the  caustic  alkalies,  arsenic,  and  several 
of  the  other  metals,  it  has  been  deemed 
important  to  describe  the  most  usual  and 
characteristic  symptoms. 

Acids. — Most  of  the  mineral  acids,  as 
well  as  oxalic  acid,  are  corrosive  poi- 
sons : if  taken  into  the  stomach,  they 
cause  an  extremely  sour,  acrid  taste, 
with  a sense  of  burning  in  the  throat, 
and  an  excruciating  burning  pain  in  the 
stomach.  The  matter  vomited  causes 
effervescence  with  chalk,  or  other  forms 
of  carbonate  of  lime.  The  proper  treat- 
ment in  such  cases  is  to  administer  chalk, 
or  magnesia,  made  into  a thin  paste  with 
water.  In  case  these  substances  are  not 
at  hand,  the  plaster  of  the  apartment 
may  be  beaten  to  powder  and  made  into 
paste.  As  antidotes  for  nitric  and  oxalic 
acids,  lime  and  magnesia  only  are  ad- 
missible ; for  acetic,  citric,  muriatic,  sul- 
phuric, and  tartaric  acids,  the  carbonates 
of  potash  and  soda  may  also  be  used. 
The  effects  of  hydrocyanic  (or  prussic) 
acid  are  usually  so  rapid  as  to  render 
medical  treatment  of  no  avail.  When 
death  does  not  follow  instantaneously, 
cold  affusions  or  a cold  douche  on  the 
head  will  often  prove  extremely  bene- 
ficial. Ammonia  may  also  be  adminis- 
tered with  advantage. 

Alkalies. — In  cases  of  poisoning  with 
the  caustic  alkalies,  there  is  an  extremely 
harsh,  acrid  taste,  with  intense  burning 
or  smarting  in  the  throat,  caused  by  the 
destruction  of  its  lining  membrane,  ac- 
companied with  great  difficulty  or  pain 
in  swallowing.  The  matter  vomited 
will  turn  vegetable  blues  to  green,  or 
turmeric  to  brown.  The  proper  anti- 
dotes are  the  fluid  fixed  oils,  as  sweet 
oil,  linseed  oil,  castor  oil,  etc.,  or  the 
mild  vegetable  acids,  as  vinegar,  lemon- 
juice,  etc. 

Antimony. — In  cases  of  poisoning  with 
the  preparations  of  antimony,  there  is 
usually  vomiting,  which  should  be  facili- 
tated, and  rendered  as  free  as  possible, 
by  copious  draughts  of  warm  or  tepid 
water,  or  by  tickling  the  fauces  with 
one’s  finger  or  with  a feather,  etc.  This 
is  to  be  followed  by  astringent  drinks, 
such  as  the  infusion  of  galls,  oak  bark, 
Peruvian  bark,  dogwood  ( Cornus  Flo- 
rida), etc. 

Arsenic. — When  any  of  the  soluble  com- 
pounds of  arsenic  havo  been  taken,  there 
is  an  intense  burning  pain  in  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  accompanied  by  violent 
432 


vomiting,  a sense  of  dryness  and  tight- 
ness in  the  throat,  with  an  incessant  de- 
sire for  drink.  The  eyes  are  red  and 
sparkling,  and  the  countenance  ex- 
presses extreme  suffering  and  anxiety. 
Frequently  there  are  nervous  tremors, 
and  other  symptoms  showing  that  the 
nervous  system  is  powerfully  affected. 
In  rare  instances  arsenic  has  been  known 
to  produce  coma  and  other  symptoms 
closely  resembling  narcotic  poisoning. 
For  the  treatment  of  cases  of  poisoning 
with  arsenious  acid,  the  hydrated  sesqui- 
oxide  (or  peroxide)  of  iron,  made  into  a 
paste  with  water,  is  the  best,  if  not  the 
only  efficient,  antidote.  But  even  this 
remedy  has  been  found  to  be  of  little 
avail  when  the  arsenic  has  been  swal- 
lowed in  a solid  state.  (See  Arsenic.) 
Hydrate  of  magnesia  has  also  been 
found  useful,  it  is  said,  when  the  poison 
has  been  taken  in  solution. 

For  Fowler’s  Solution  ( Liquor  arseni- 
calis),  lime-water  is  a good  antidote.  In 
case  the  other  preparations  of  arsenic 
have  been  taken,  an  emetic  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  should  be  administered,  followed 
by  a copious  use  of  demulcent  drinks, 
such  as  flaxseed  or  slippery-elm  tea, 
milk,  farinaceous  decoctions,  etc. 

Baryta. — The  symptoms  are  similar 
to  those  produced  by  the  corrosive 
metals.  The  sulphates  of  soda  and 
magnesia  are  efficacious  antidotes  for 
the  salts  of  baryta. 

Copper. — In  cases  of  poisoning  with 
the  salts  of  copper  (which  are  corrosive 
poisons),  the  best  antidotes  arc  the  white 
of  eggs  and  metallic  iron  (in  the  form 
of  filings  or  raspings).  Vinegar  should 
be  carefully  avoided,  as  likely  to  dissolve 
the  solid  or  insoluble  compounds  that 
may  have  been  formed  by  the  salts  of 
copper  with  animal  or  vegetable  sub- 
stances. 

Iron. — For  poisoning  with  the  sul- 
phate of  iron  (or  copperas),  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  mucilaginous  drinks,  are  the 
proper  remedies. 

Lead. — For  the  soluble  salts  of  lead, 
such  as  the  acetate  (sugar  of  lead),  the 
best  antidotes  arc  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia (Epsom  salts)  and  phosphate  of 
soda.  For  lead  in  any  form  insoluble  in 
water  (white  lead,  for  example),  very 
dilute  sulphuric  acid  should  bo  adminis- 
tered. Strychnia  has  been  recommended 
for  paralysis  resulting  from  lead. 

Mercury. — For  tho  poisonous  com- 
pounds of  mercury  (such  as  corrosive 
sublimate,  tho  cyanide  and  nitrate  of 


mercury,  red  and  white  precipitates,  etc.), 
the  white  of  eggs  beaten  up  with  water, 
or  milk,  should  be  promptly  and  freely 
given ; or,  if  these  articles  should  not  be 
at  hand,  flour  made  into  a paste  may 
be  used  as  a substitute. 

Silver. — For  nitrate  of  silver  (or  lunar 
caustic),  common  salt  is  an  excellent  an- 
tidote. 

Tin  and  Zinc. — For  the  poisonous 
compounds  of  tin  and  zinc,  milk  and  the 
white  of  eggs  will  serve  as  antidotes. 
When  the  sulphate  or  acetate  of  zinc 
has  been  taken,  vomiting  should  be  pro- 
moted by  plentiful  draughts  of  warm 
water. 

G uses. — Among  the  other  most  import- 
ant inorganic  poisons  may  be  numbered 
the  poisonous  gases,  including  carbonic 
acid  gas,  carbonic  oxide,  carburetted  and 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  the  vapor  of 
ether,  and  chlorine.  In  cases  of  poison- 
ing with  these,  the  best  remedy  is  fresh 
air : if  there  should  be  stupor,  cold  affu- 
sions may  bo  applied  to  the  head,  and 
the  vital  powers  quickened  by  artificial 
respiration,  and  by  the  use  of  a galvanic 
apparatus.  For  the  poisonous  effects  of 
carbonic  acid  gas,  the  inhalation  of  oxy- 
gen is  the  best  antidote.  A cautious  in- 
halation of  ammonia  may  prove  useful 
in  cases  of  poisoning  with  chlorine. 

For  Iodine,  the  best  antidote  is  starch; 
when  this  is  not  at  hand,  flour,  which 
contains  starch,  may  be  substituted. 

The  poisonous  effects  of  creasote  may 
be  counteracted  or  mitigated  by  the 
prompt  administration  of  albumen  in 
some  form.  In  cases  of  poisoning  with 
phosphorus,  the  chief  reliance  must  be  on 
some  prompt  emetic,  which  should  be 
followed  by  mucilaginous  drinks.  If  the 
phosphorus  should  have  been  taken  in 
a solid  form,  the  fluid  oils  should  be 
carefully  avoided,  on  account  of  their 
solvent  property. 

Organic  Poisons. — Those  found  in 
the  vegetable  kingdom  are  to  be  treated 
according  to  their  character.  If  vomit- 
ing has  been  produced  by  their  action, 
this  may  be  facilitated,  or  rendered 
more  free,  by  plentiful  draughts  of 
warm  water.  But  if  the  taking  of  the 
poison  has  been  followed  by  insensi- 
bility, some  active  emetic,  such  as  sul- 
phate of  zinc,  should  be  administered,  or, 
in  extreme  cases,  recourse  must  be  had 
to  the  stomach-pump.  In  the  case  of 
opium,  and  similar  narcotics,  copious 
affusions  of  cold  water  on  the  head  have 
sometimes  proved  of  great  advantage. 
37* 


A strong  infusion  of  coffee  has  been 
found  beneficial  in  counteracting  the  sub- 
sequent effects  of  an  over-dose  of  opium. 
The  remarkable  antagonism  existing  be- 
tween belladonna  and  opium,  has  some- 
times, it  is  stated,  been  used  with  the 
greatest  advantage,  each  having,  in  its 
turn,  been  made  to  act  as  an  antidote  to 
the  other.  In  like  manner,  it  is  said, 
opium  and  stramonium  may  be  used 
mutually  to  counteract  each  other.  Tan- 
nin is  the  proper  antidote  for  strychnia, 
but,  to  be  successful,  it  should  be  greatly 
in  excess;  in  the  proportion  of  not  less 
than  25  or  30  of  the  antidote  to  1 of  the 
poison. 

Animal  Poisons  may  be  properly 
ranked  under  two  heads  : — 

1.  Those  taken  into  the  stomach  by 
mistake  as  food ; such  are  the  various 
kinds  of  poisonous  fish,  which  should  be 
treated  on  the  same  principles  as  the 
vegetable  poisons,  that  is,  by  emetics, 
copious  draughts  of  warm  water,  etc., 
followed,  perhaps,  by  an  active  purga- 
tive, in  order  to  remove  any  deleterious 
matter  which  may  have  lodged  in  the 
intestines.  If  cantharides  should  have 
been  taken,  vomiting  should  be  excited 
by  copious  draughts  of  sweet  oil,  linseed 
tea,  milk,  etc. 

2.  The  poisonous  secretions  of  the 
various  venomous  animals,  used  by  them 
as  a weapon  of  defence.  As  such  poi- 
sons are  not  taken  into  the  stomach,  but 
introduced  into  the  system  through  a 
wound,  an  altogether  different  plan  of 
treatment  is  required.  A cupping-glass 
should  be  promptly  placed  over  the 
wound,  and  the  air  exhausted,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  the  venom.  At  the 
same  time,  if  practicable,  a moderately 
tight  ligature  should  be  applied  above 
the  bite  or  sting,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
virus  from  diffusing  itself  through  the 
system.  If  a cupping-glass  cannot  be 
procured,  the  poison  may  be  extracted 
by  sucking,  in  which  case,  it  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  remark,  care  should  be 
taken  not  to  swallow  the  saliva.  In 
cases  of  poisoning  from  venomous  ser- 
pents, the  alkalies,  especially  ammonia, 
applied  to  the  wound  and  taken  inter- 
nally, are  said,  in  some  instances,  to  have 
proved  extremely  beneficial.  The  appli- 
cation of  clay  or  mud  to  the  part,  by  ex- 
cluding the  air,  tends  to  obstruct  the 
activity  of  the  poison.  From  several  cases 
recently  reported,  it  would  appear  that 
by  far  the  most  efficient  antidote  for  the 
venom  of  serpents,  is  the  compound 

433 


POI 


POL 


known  as  Bibron’s  Antidote.  A com- 
mon formula  for  its  preparation  is  the  fol- 
lowing : — Take  of  bromine  two  drachms 
and  a half;  iodide  of  potassium,  two 
grains ; corrosive  sublimate,  one  grain ; 
dilute  alcohol,  thirty  fluidrachms.  Mix. 
Dose,  one  fluidrachm,  diluted  with  a 
tablespoonful  of  wine  or  brandy,  to  be 
repeated  pro  re  natd.  For  hydrophobia, 
after  the  poison  has  once  been  received 
into  the  system,  there  is  no  antidote 
known.  As  soon  as  possible  after  the 
wound  has  been  inflicted,  the  bitten  part 
should  be  completely  cut  out,  and  free 
bleeding  promoted  by  immersing  the 
wound  in  warm  water;  the  surface  should 
afterwards  be  burned  with  actual  cautery, 
or  with  some  efficient  caustic. 

Poi'soii-lLau'rel.  The/Vunu*  lauro- 
cerasus. 

Poa 'son-Oak.  A popular  name  for 
the  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

Poitrme,  pwa'tren'.  The  French 
name  for  the  chest  or  thorax.  See  Tho- 
rax. 

Poivre  de  Jamaique,  pw&vn  deh 
zhAmek'.  (“Jamaica  Pepper.”)  The 
French  name  for  “ allspice.”  See  Mvr- 
TUS  PlMENTA. 

Po'lar.  [PoSa'ras;  from  po'lus , a 
“pole.”]  Pertaining  to  the  pole,  or  near 
the  pole. 

Po'lar  Cir'cles.  Those  which  cir- 
cumscribe the  poles, — the  northern  or 
Arctic,  the  southern  or  Antarctic. 

Po-Iar'I-ty.  [Polar'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  po'lus,  a “pole.”]  The  property 
of  the  magnet  in  pointing  to  the  poles. 
That  property  which  disposes  the  parti- 
cles of  many  kinds  of  bodies  to  arrange 
themselves  in  certain  determinate  direc- 
tions, or  point,  as  it  were,  to  given  poles. 
Magnetic  polarity  is  the  tendency  of  a 
magnet,  when  freely  and  horizontally  sus- 
pended, to  point  to  the  magnetic  poles 
of  the  earth. 

Po-Iar-i-za'tion  of  Light.  Light 
which  has  undergone  certain  reflections 
or  refractions,  or  been  subjected  to  the 
action  of  material  bodies  in  any  one  of  a 
great  number  of  ways,  acquires  a certain 
modification,  in  consequence  of  which  it 
no  longer  presents  the  same  phenomena 
of  reflection  and  transmission  as  light 
which  has  not  been  subjected  to  such 
action.  This  modification  is  termed  po- 
larization of  light. — (Biiande.)  One  form 
of  this  polarization  is  exhibited  in  the 
phenomenon  known  as  double  refraction. 

Pol-e-mo'nI-a,*  the  plural  of  Pole- 
mo' nium,  forming  the  Jussicuan  name 
434 


of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Pole- 

moniacea:. 

PoleBuoniaceae,*  pol-e-mo-ne-a'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous, 
herbaceous  plants,  abundant  in  North 
and  South  America.  It  includes  the 
Phlox , and  Polemonium , one  species  of 
which  is  the  Greek  Valerian. 

Poles.  [Po'li,  plural  of  po'lus.']  The 
extremities  of  the  axis  of  a sphere  ; spe- 
cially applied  to  those  of  the  earth, 
termed  the  North  and  South  Poles. 

Po-Si-a'ter .*  [From  7 ro\ig,  a “ city,” 
and  iarpog,  a “physician.”]  A physician 
who  practises  his  profession  in  a city  by 
the  appointment  of  the  government. 

Pol-i-ti'a.*  [Gr.  tt oXireia,  the  “ govern- 
ment, or  civil  polity,  of  a state.”]  The 
polity  by  which  a city  or  town  is  governed : 
police. 

Politi'a  Me<l'i-ca.*  The  medical 

police  of  a town  or  city. 

Pol'len,  in  is*  Originally,  fine  flour. 
Applied  to  the  powdery  substance  con- 
tained in  the  anthers  of  flowers,  consti- 
tuting the  fecundating  principle  in  pha- 
nerogamous plants. 

Pol'leai  Tube.  A tubular  process,  or 
extremely  minute  tube,  which  grows  or 
sprouts  from  the  grain  of  pollen  when 
the  latter  comes  in  contact  with  the 
stigma.  It  is  supposed  to  convey  the 
fertilizing  influence  down  the  style  to 
the  ovule. 

Pol'Iex,*  gen.  Pol'li-cis.  [From 

pol'leo,  to  “be  strong;”  because  it  is 
stronger  than  the  fingers.]  (Fr.  Pouce , 
pooss.)  The  thumb.  Also  applied  to  the 
great  toe. 

Pol-lin'i-a.*  [From  pol'len.]  A 
term  applied  to  the  granular  or  waxy 
masses  of  pollen  found  in  the  Orchi- 

dacefe. 

Pol-li-nif 'er-ous.  [Pollinif 'crus ; 

from  pol'len , and  fe'ro , to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing,  or  containing,  pollen. 

Pol'li-nin.  [Pollini'na.]  A pecu- 
liar and  highly  combustible  substance 
obtained  from  the  pollen  of  tulips. 

Pollu'tio  (pol-lu'she-o)  Di-ur'na.* 
(“Diurnal  Pollution.”)  The  same  as 
Spermatoclemma,  which  see. 

Pol-lu'tion.  [Pollu'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  pol'luoy  polin' turn,  to  “ defile.”]  (Fr. 
Souillure , swAyUn'.)  Tho  emission  of 
semen  without  coition.  It  may  be  volun- 
tary (then  termed  masturbation , or  onan- 
ism), or  involuntary.  Involuntary  pol- 
lution is  sometimes  tho  result  of  weak- 
ness caused  by  masturbation.  When  it 
occurs  in  sleep,  it  is  called  gonorrhoea  dor * 


POL 


POL 


niientium , or  Spermatorrhoea.  Dormi- 
entium,  which  see. 

I*o  1-y-a-ca n 'thus.*  [From  roXu;, 

many,”  and  anajOa,  a “ thorn. ”]  Hav- 
ing many  spines  or  thorns : polyacan- 
thous. 

PoJ-y-a*(lel'pM-a.i:  [From  -mXvg, 
^ man y,”  and  <i&£\<p6g,  a "brother.”] 
Literally,  “ having  many  brotherhoods, 
companies,  or  sets.”  The  eighteenth  class 
in  the  Linnsean  system  of  plants,  com- 
prising those  whose  stamens  are  united 
by  their  filaments  into  three  or  more 
sets. 

Pol-y-a-del'plioiis.  [Polyadel'- 
pliius,  or  Polyadel'plms ; from  the 
same.]  Having  the  filaments  in  several 
sets:  polyadel'phious.  See  Polyadel- 
phia. 

Pol-y-ad'e-nns.*  [From  -noXvg,  “ ma- 
ny,” and  abqv,  a “ gland.”]  Bearing 
many  glands : polyadenous. 

Pol-y-an 'drl-a.*  [From  iroXvg,  “ m a- 
ny,”  and  avrjp,  a "man,”  or  “male.”] 
The  thirteenth  class  in  the  Linn  man 
system  of  plants,  comprising  those  which 
have  twenty  or  more  stamens  inserted 
on  the  receptacle. 

Pol-y-aii  'drous.  [Poly  an  '<]  rius, 
or  Polyan'drus ; from  the  same.] 
Having  many  hypogynous  stamens: 
polyan'drious. 

Pol-y-an'tlious.  [Polyan'ftBaus ; 

from  i roXv;, “ many,”  and  uvQog,  a “ flower.”] 
Bearing  many  flowers. 

Pol-y-car'pic.  [Polyear'jpaeus ; 
from  7m\v g,  “many,”  and  Kapxdg,  “fruit.”] 
Bearing  fruit  many  times,  that  is,  year 
after  year. 

Pol-y-ear'pous.  [Polycar 'pus ; 

from  the  same.]  Having,  or  bearing, 
much  fruit. 

Pol-y-sepBi'a-lous.  [Polycepli'a- 

lus;  from  7roXti;,  “ many,”  and  Ke^aXi),  the 
“ head.”]  Having  many  heads.  Applied 
to  plants. 

P©l-y-$e-ra't;us.*  [From  noXvg, 
" many,”  and  tdpa;,  a “horn.”]  Applied 
to  a plant  of  which  the  fruits  resemble  a 
bundle  of  small  horns.  In  Zoology, 
having  many  horns. 

Pol'y-chrest.  [Polyclares'tos,  or 
Polyclires'tus;  from  voXvg,  “many,” 
and  \ prjGTog,  “useful.”]  Having  many 
uses  or  virtues.  Also,  a substance  possess- 
ing many  virtues. 

Pol-y-ehro-matic.  [PolycSaro- 
mat'icus;  from  iroXvg,  “many,”  and 
XpMpa,  “color.”]  Of  various  colors,* 
many-colored. 

Po-lye'la-dous.  [Polyc'ladus ; 


from  ttoXvs,  “many,”  or  “much,”  and 
kXuIo;,  a “branch.”]  Much  branched. 
Applied  to  plants. 

Pol-y-clo'nos,*  or  Pol-y-clo'nus.** 

[From  TroXvg,  “many,”  and  kXo  v,  a 
“branch.”]  Having  many  branches. 

Pol-y-coe'cous.  [Polycoc'ciis ; 
from  -rroXvg,  “many,”  and  k6kko; , a “ker- 
nel,” or  “berry.”]  Having  many  or 
several  cocci  (closed  cells  or  carpels). 

P©l-y-c©t-y-le'd©BB.;:  [From  noXvg , 
“many,”  and  KorvXrjSoi/f  a “cotyledon.”] 
A plant  that  has  several,  or  more  than 
two,  c )tylcdons. 

PoS-y-cot-y-led'o-nous.  [From  the 
same.]  Having  several,  or  more  than 
two,  cotyledons. 

P©l-y-dip>  'sl-a.-  [From  -rroXvg, 

“ much,”  and  iapij,  “ thirst.”]  Excessive 
thirst.  A genus  of  the  order  Dysorexise, 
class  Locales , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Polyedron.  See  Polyhedron. 

Po-lyg'a-la.$  [From  noXvg,  “much,” 
and  yaXa,  “milk:”  named  from  the  abun- 
dant milky  juice  found  in  some  of  the 
species.]  Milkwort.  A Linnman  genus 
of  the  class  Diadclpliia,  natural  order 
Polyyalaccse. 

Polyg'ala  Ru-bel'la.*  Bitter  Po- 
lygala. The  Pharmacopoeia!  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  root  and  herb  of  Polyyala 
rubella. 

Polyg'ala  Sen'e-ga.'5  The  rattle- 
snake-root, or  Seneka  snake-root.  See 
Senega. 

PoUygalacese,*  pol-e-ga-la'she-e, 
or  Pol-y-ga'le-av*  A natural  order 
of  exogenous  plants  (herbs  or  shrubs), 
with  tonic,  astringent,  or  nephritic  pro- 
perties. It  includes  Polyyala  senega 
(Snake-root). 

Pol-y-ga-lac'tB-aL.*  [From  -rroXvg, 
“ much,”  and  yuXa,  “milk.”]  Excessive 
secretion,  or  an  overflow,  of  milk. 

P©!-y-ga'fle-av:;:'  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  See 
Polygalacea:. 

Pol-y-gal  ic.  [Polygal'ieus  % from 
Poly y' ala .]  Applied  to  an  acid  discovered 
in  the  Polyyala  senega,  and  other  species. 

Po-lyg'a-lin-  [Polygali'na.]  A 
bitter  alkaline  principle  discovered  in 
several  species  of  Polyyala. 

Pol-y-ga/wai-a.*  [From  -rroXvg,  "ma- 
ny,” and  yapog,  a “marriage.”]  A Lin- 
naean  class  of  plants,  including  those 
which  have  staminate,  pistillate,  and 
perfect  flowers  either  on  the  same  or  on 
different  plants. 

Po-lyg'a-mous.  [Polyga'mios, 
or  PoJyg'amus;  from  the  same.] 
435 


POL 


POL 


Having  both  perfect  and  separated  flow- 
ers : polyga'mious.  See  Polygamia. 

Pol-y-gas'tri-ca.*  [From  m\ vg, 
“ many/'  and  yaorrjp,  a “ stomach.”]  The 
first  class  of  the  Diploneura,  or  Helmin- 
thoidci,  consisting  of  minute,  transparent, 
soft,  aquatic  animals,  with  numerous 
stomachs,  or  ceeca,  communicating  with 
an  internal  alimentary  cavity.  They 
are  without  perceptible  nerves  or  mus- 
cles, and  move  by  external  vibratile 
cilia. 

Po-Iy-gen'ie.  [Polygen'icus ; 

from  m\v;,  “ many/’  and  yb cj,  to  “ be 
born/7  to  “ be  produced/’]  Applied  to  a 
rock  which  owes  its  origin  to  fragments 
of  several  different  rocks  united  by  cal- 
careous cement. 

Pol'y-gon.  [Polyg’o'nim* ; from 
7ro\vj,  “ many,”  and  yoma,  an  “angle.”] 
A plane  figure  having  more  than  four 
angles,  and,  consequently,  more  than 
four  sides.  If  the  sides  are  equal,  it  is 
called  a regular  polygon. 

Polygon  aceje/-  po-lig-o-na'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
mostly  herbaceous,  natives  of  nearly  all 
parts  of  the  world.  The  roots  are  uni- 
versally nauseous  and  purgative.  It 
includes  the  Polyg'onum  (Buckwheat,) 
Ra'mex  (Dock),  and  Rheum  (Rhubarb). 

Po-lyg'o-nal.  [Polygo'mis.]  Be- 
longing to  a polygon. 

Pol-y-go-iia'tns.**  [From  izoXv;, 
“many,”  and  ybjv,  a “knee;”  also,  a 
“joint,”  as  of  grasses.]  Poly g'on ate. 
Applied  to  certain  plants  and  insects. 

Po-Iyg'o-num.*  [From  the  same.] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Octandria , 
natural  order  Polygonarese. 

Polygonum  Bis-tor'ta.:':  The 

plant  commonly  known  as  bistort.  The 
root  is  astringent. 

Pol-y-gyn'I-sw*  [From  noXvg,  “ ma- 
ny,” and  yovf/,  a “ woman,”  or  “ female.”] 
An  order  in  the  Linnman  system  of 
plants,  including  those  which  have  many 
pistils,  or  more  than  twelve  pistils. 

Pol -y-gy  n ' l-oa  is.  [ Poly  gy  n ' ius, 
or  Polyg'ynus ; from  the  same.]  Hav- 
ing many  pistils. 

PoI-y-iie'«lraI,  or  Pol-y-lie'dric. 
[Polyhe'drus.]  Belonging  to  a poly- 
hedron. 

Pol-y-lie'droii.  [ Poly  lie'd  ruin ; 

from  ^ ro\v;,  “many,”  and  cfya,  a “base.”] 
A solid  figure  contained  by  many  sides 
or  planes ; a solid  bounded  by  poly- 
gons. 

PoI-^-mor'plions.  [Polymor- 
pluis:  from  m\vg,  “many,”  and  nopprj, 
436 


“ shape.”]  Having  many  forms ; various 
in  form. 

Pol-y-neu'rus.;;:  [From  ttoXvc,  “ ma- 
ny,” and  vsvpov,  a “ nerve.”]  Applied  to 
a leaf  the  lateral  nervures  of  which  are 
very  numerous. 

Pol-y-o'pi-a.*  [From  ttoXv “ many,” 
and  mropiai , to  “ see.”]  An  affection  of 
the  organs  of  sight,  in  which  the  objects 
are  multiplied;  multiple  vision  : polyo'py. 

Pol'y-pa-ry.  [Polypa'rimn ; from 
pol'ypus,  a “ polype.”]  Applied  to  the 
habitation  of  a number  of  polypi. 

Polype.  See  Polypus. 

Pol-y-pet'a-lons.  [Polypeta/leus, 
or  Polypet'alus;  from  i roXvg,  “many,” 
and  7riraAoj/,  a “ petal.”]  Having  many 
petals,  or  distinct  petals : polypeta'leous. 

Pol'y-pSiore.  [From  iroXvg,  “ many,” 
and  0spo>,  to  “ bear.”]  A common  recep- 
tacle of  many  carpels,  as  in  the  Straw- 
berry. 

Pol-y-pliyl'lous.  [PolypIfiyl'Ins ; 

from  ttoXvj,  “ many,”  and  QvXX ov}  a “ leaf.”] 
Having  many  leaves. 

Pol'y-pi,&*  gen.  Pol-y-po'rum.  The 

plural  of  Polypus,  which  see. 

Pol-y-pif 'er-ous.  [Polypif 'erus ; 

from  pol'ypus,  a “polype,”  and  fc'roy  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  polypi. 

Pol'y-pi-form.  [Polypifor'mis ; 
from  pol'ypus , a “ polype.”]  Having  the 
form  or  appearance  of  a polypus. 

Poly  pod  iaeeae,*  pol-e-po-de-a'- 

she-e.  A natural  order  of  cryptogamous 
plants,  including  Polypo' dium,  and  many 
other  kinds  of  ferns. 

Pol-y-po'di-nm.*'  [From  iroXvg, 
“many,”  and  novg,  a “foot.”]  A Lin- 
naean genus  of  the  class  Cryptogamia , 
order  Filices , or  Poly  pod  iaccvc. 

Polypo'dium Fi  lix  Mas/-'  Another 
name  for  the  Avpidium  jilix  mas,  or  male 
fern. 

Pol'y-pous,  or  Pol  y-pal.  [Poly- 
po'stis:  from  pol'ypus.]  Having  polypi, 
or  many  tumors  like  a polypus. 

Pol'y-pus.1"  [From  koXv;,  “many,” 
and  7rovg,  a “ foot.”]  A tumor  in  the 
nose,  uterus,  or  vagina;  from  its  having 
numerous  ramifications,  like  legs  or  feet. 
Also,  an  animal  of  the  Radiatay  charac- 
terized by  a fleshy  body  of  a conical  or 
cylindrical  form,  commonly  fixed  at  ono 
extremity,  having  at  the  other  the 
mouth,  surrounded  by  several  arms  or 
tentacles : a polype. 

Pol-y-rhi'zoii*.  or  Pol-^-rhi'wd. 
[Polyrhi'zus;  from  toXuj,  “many,”  (fnd 
pba,  a “ root.”]  Having  many  roots. 

Pol-y-sar'^l-nu :;j  [ F rom  roAu,-,  “much/1 


POL 


PON 


and  oap£,  “ flesh.”]  An  increased  bulk 
of  body  beyond  what  is  healthy ; obesity. 
A genus  of  the  order  Jntumescentise , class 
Cachexise , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pol-y-sar'cous.  f Polysar'cws ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  much  flesh; 
obese. 

Poby-sep'a-loiis.  [Polysep'ains : 

from  noXvs,  “many,”  and  sep'alum , a 
“ sepal.”]  Having  two  or  more  distinct 
sepals.  Applied  to  a calyx. 

Pol-y-sjper'inous.  [From  - o\vg , 

“many,”  and  aireppa , a “seed.”]  Having 
many  seeds. 

Pol-ys'po-rous.  [Polys'porus ; 

from  tcoXv;,  “ many,”  and  <m6pa , a “ seed.”] 
Containing  many  spores.  See  Spore 

Pol-y-sta'cSiy-ws.*  [From  n o\v$, 
“many,”  and  cruxes,  an  “ear.”]  Hav- 
ing many  spikes  or  ears. 

P©l-y-ste'm«-siiows.  [P©3yste'- 
m©irais;  from  tto\vs,  “ many,”  and  arijpcoi >, 
a “stamen.”]  Having  many  stamens. 

Pol-y-stus,,11(20MS»  [PoBystag,,BiraMS ; 
from  7 to\v;,  “ many,”  and  ariy/jt. 2,  a “ stig- 
ma.”] Having  many  stigmas  in  each 
flower. 

Pol-y-sty'lows.  [PoEysty'lus ; 

from  7ro\v j,  “ many,”  and  or-uAo;,  a “ pil- 
lar,” or  “style.”]  Having  many  styles. 

P©3-y-tec2i'nflc.  [PoflyiecSi'snicus ; 
from  ttoXvs,  “many,”  and  rix'^,  “art.”] 
Pertaining  to  many,  or  several,  arts  and 
sciences.  A polytechnic  school  is  an 
institution  in  which  many  arts  or  sciences 
are  taught.  The  first  school  bearing  this 
name  was  founded  in  Paris  in  1794. 

P©l-y-tEiara-EH©uis.  [PoIytSial'- 
aami§;  from  no\vg,  “many,”  and  daXapo;, 
a “chamber.”]  Applied  to  a univalve 
shell  divided  into  many  apartments. 

Po-lyt'ri-cllms.*  [From “ma- 
ny,” or  “much,”  and  “hair.”]  Hav- 
ing abundant  hair. 

Po'iraia,*  gen.  Po-mo'nam,  the  plu- 
ral of  Pomum,  which  see. 

Pomacese,-  po-ma'she-e.  [From 
po'mum,  a Latin  term  for  an  “ apple,” 
or  other  fruit.]  A natural  order  of 
exogenous  trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of 
many  temperate  regions,  but  not  found 
in  the  southern  hemisphere.  It  includes 
the  Apple,  the  Pear  ( Pyrus ),  the  Quince 
( Cydonia ),  and  Plum  (Primus).  Some 
botanists  consider  Pomcicese  as  a division 
of  the  order  Posacese. 

P©-niia/ce©tras.  [Ponma'ceias ; from 
poimum , an  “apple,”  or  other  fruit.] 
Resembling  the  apple,  or  of  the  nature 
df  an  apple. 

Pome.  [Po'ma;  from  po'mum , an 


“apple,”  or  other  fruit.]  A fleshy  fruit, 
composed  of  two  or  more  carpels,  usually 
more  or  less  involved  in  a pulpy  expan- 
sion of  the  receptacle  or  disk,  and  the 
whole  invested  by  the  thickened  and 
succulent  tube  of  the  calyx;  as  the  apple. 
— (Guay.  ) 

Pomegranate,  pum'gran-at.  [From 
po'mum,  an  “apple,”  or  other  fruit,  and 
g ratin' tus , “having  grains.”]  The  fruit 
of  the  Pa  men  granutum. 

Po-mif  'er-©us.  [Pomif'erns; 
from  po'mum,  an  “ apple,”  or  other  fruit, 
and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  pomes. 

Pom'I-form.  [Pomiior  inis;  from 
po'mum,  an  “apple,”  or  other  fruit.] 
Having  the  form  of  an  apple. 

PoBuine  dc  Torre,  pomm  deh  ten. 
The  French  name  for  Potato,  which  see. 

Po-mol'ogy-  [Pomolo'gia;  fr<  m 
po'mum,  an  “apple,”  or  other  fruit,  and 
A oyo;,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on 
fruits ; the  science  of  fruits,  or  the  art 
of  cultivating  fruits;  the  department 
of  Botany  relating  to  fruits. 

Ponu-pBii©l-y-S'©'€les.':i:*  [From  pom' - 
pholyx .]  Resembling  or  having  pom- 
pholyx. 

P©m'pBio-lyx,  y gis*  [From  -rop'l^s, 
a “bladder.”]  A small  vesicle  or  blad- 
der especially  containing  water;  also,  a 
skin-di.  ease  in  which  there  is  an  erup- 
tion of  bullae  without  inflammation  round 
them,  and  unattended  by  fever. 

P© ' mi  uni  plural  P© ' ma . A n ap  pi  e, 
or  larger  fruit.  Origin  all  y,  a general 
name  of  fruit  which  grows  on  trees;  as 
the  apple,  pear,  etc.  See  Pome. 

Poiis  il  in  A-da'mi.*  (“Adam’s  Ap- 
ple.”) The  anterior  part  of  the  thyroid 
cartilage,  forming  an  angular  projection 
on  the  fore  part  of  the  neck. 

Poai-der-a-bil'i-ty.  [Ponderabil'- 
itas,  a 'tis;  from  pon'dero,  to  “weigh.”] 
The  property  of  having  weight. 

P©n der-a-blo.  [From  pon'dus,  pon'- 
deris,  “weight.”]  That  may  be  weighed. 
A term  applied  to  bodies  ha  ving  weight. 

P©ias  Hep'a-tis.*  (“  Bridge  of  the 
Liver.”)  A portion  of  the  substance  of 
the  liver  which  passes  from  one  lobe  to 
the  other,  frequently  converting  the  lower 
half  of  the  longitudinal  fissure  into  a true 
canal. 

P©ns  Ta-ri'ni.*  (“  Bridge  of  Tari- 
nus.”)  A cineritious  substance  between 
the  corpora  albicantia  of  the  brain,  con- 
necting the  crura,  and  forming  part  of 
the  floor  of  the  third  ventricle.  The 
fossa,  at  the  bottom  of  which  it  is  placed, 
is  called  Lo'cux  perfora' tus  posti'eus. 

437 


PON 


POll 


Pons  Va-ro  li-i.*  (“Bridge  of  Va- 
rolius  ;')  The  square  portion  of  medul- 
lary substance  connecting  the  cerebrum, 
cerebellum,  and  Medulla  oblongata,  first 
described  by  Varolius ; otherwise  termed 
the  Corpus  annulare,  Processus  annularis, 
Tuber  annulare,  and  Tuber culum  annu- 
lare. 

Pontecleracese,*  pon-te-de-ra'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  aquatic 
plants,  found  in  America,  India,  and 
tropical  Africa.  It  includes  the  Ponte- 
de'ria. 

Pop'Ies,  1 itis*  [From  p>ost>  “ be- 
hind/’ and  pli’co,  to  “fold.”]  (Fr.  Jar- 
ret,  zh&'rA.)  The  ham,  or  back  part  of 
the  knee-joint. 

Pop-li-tae'ns.*  (“  Popliteal  [Mus- 
cle].,,)  [From  pop'les,  pop' litis,  the 
“ham.”]  A muscle  arising  from  the  ex- 
ternal condyle  of  the  femur,  and  inserted 
into  the  superior  triangular  surface  at 
the  back  of  the  tibia.  It  bends  the  thigh 
and  leg. 

Pop-li-te'al.  [Poplitse'us ; from 

the  same.]  Belonging  to  the  ham. 

Poplite'al  Space.  A somewhat  oval 
space,  of  considerable  depth,  behind  the 
knee-joint. 

Poppy.  See  Pap  aver. 

Pop'py,  Red  Corn.  The  Papaver 

rhoeas. 

Pop'py,  White.  A name  for  the 
Papaver  somniferum. 

Pop'n-lin.  [Populi'na.]  A name 
given  to  an  alkali  found  in  the  bark  of 
the  Pop’ ulus  trend ula,  or  aspen-tree. 

Por-cel-la'ne-ous.  [Porcella'ite- 
us,  or  Porcella'nus;  from  porcella’na, 
a “porcelain  vessel.”]  Belonging  to  por- 
celain. 

Pore.  [Po'rus;  from  nopo;,  a “pass- 
age.”] A small  opening  at  the  extremity 
of  a vessel  at  the  surface  of  an  organized 
body.  Also,  a small  interstice  between 
the  particles  of  matter  which  compose 
bodies.  It  appears  that  pores  exist  in 
all  bodies,  even  the  most  dense. 

Po-rif 'e-ra.*  [From po'rus,  a “pore,” 
and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  A term  applied 
to  a group  of  polypi.  Also  employed  by 
Dr.  Grant  to  designate  a class  of  organ- 
ized bodies,  including  the  marine  and 
fresh-water  sponges. 

Po'rl-form.  [ Porifor'mis;  from 
po'rus , a “pore.”]  Having  the  form  of 
simple  pores. 

Por.nog'ra-phjr.  [Poriiogra'- 
pliia;  from  n6pvri,  a “prostitute,”  and 
yp«0o>,  to  “write.”]  A history  or  descrip- 
tion of  prostitution. 

438 


Po-ro'ma,  a tis.%  [Gr.  ntoptopa;  from 
■rrdjpo;,  a kind  of  stone.]  A callus,  or 
hardened  part.  See  Porosis. 

Por-o-pEayl'lus.*  [From  nopog,  a 
“pore,”  and  QvWov,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
leaves  sprinkled  with  transparent  points 
like  pores,  as  the  Boebera  porophyl'la : 
porophyl'lous. 

Po-ro'sis.*  [From  n copoco,  to  “turn 
to  stone,”  to  “harden.”  See  Poroma.] 
The  progress  or  formation  of  Poroma,  or 
the  process  by  which  the  extremities 
of  fractured  bones  are  reunited  by  a 
callus. 

Po-ros'I-ty.  [Poros'itas,  ft' t is; 

from  po'rus,  a “pore.”]  The  property 
or  quality  of  having  pores  or  interstices 
between  the  particles. 

Po'rons.  [Poro'stis;  from  po’rus, 
a “pore.”]  Having  pores,  or  full  of 
pores. 

Por'pSuy-ra.*  [From  nop^vpa,  “pur- 
ple.”] A name  for  Purpura,  which  see. 

Por-ptiy-fi*is'ma,  a tis.%  [From  nop- 
(j>vpa,  “purple.”]  A name  for  Scarla- 
tina, which  see. 

Por'pBay-ry.  [From  the  same.]  An 
extremely  hard  stone  of  a reddish  or 
purple  color,  more  or  less  variegated, 
being  of  all  varieties  of  shade  from  vio- 
let to  a claret  color.  It  is  susceptible  of 
a high  polish.  It  belongs  to  the  igneous 
rocks. 

Por-rig'i-nous.  [Porrigmo'sus.] 

Having  po  rrigo. 

Por-ri'go,  g' inis.®  [Fromy>or'r?fm,  a 
“leek.”]  (Fr.  Teiyne,  ten  or  tin.)  Ring- 
worm of  the  scalp ; scald-head : also 
termed  Favus  and  Tinea,  which  see. 

Porriim.  See  Allium  Porrum. 

Por'ta.**  [From  por’to,  to  “carry.”] 
Literally,  a “door,”  or  “gate.”  Applied 
to  that  part  of  the  liver  where  its  vessels 
enter. 

Por'tal  Cir-cu-la'tion.  A subor- 
dinate part  of  the  venous  circulation,  in 
which  the  blood  makes  an  additional 
circuit  before  it  joins  the  rest  of  the 
venous  blood.  There  arc  in  the  verte- 
brate classes  of  animals  two  portal  circu- 
lations. one  of  the  liver,  and  the  other 
of  the  kidneys.  The  former  exists  in  all 
the  Vertebrata ; the  latter,  only  in  rep- 
tiles, Amnhibia,  and  fishes. 

Por'tal  Vein.  [Vo'na  Por'tsr.] 
A vein  originating  from  all  the  organs 
within  the  abdomen,  except  the  kidneys 
and  bladder,  and  the  uterus  in  the  •fe- 
male. It  has  two  principal  trunks,  the 
splenic  and  superior  mesenteric  veins. 

Port-caus'tic.  [From  por'to,  tft 


POR 


POT 


“carry,”  and  cans' ticum,  “ caustic.”]  A 
small  cylindrical  instrument  for  carry- 
ing some  caustic  substance  in  the  pocket. 

Por'ter.  An  infusion  of  malt  and 
hops,  owing  its  dark  color  to  high-dried, 
or  charred,  malt. 

JPor'ti©  (por'she-o)  I>u'ra,*  (“Hard 
Portion.”)  The  hard  branch  of  the 
seventh  pair  of  nerves ; the  facial  nerve. 

Por'tio  Mol '1  is.*  (“Soft  Portion.”) 
The  soft  branch  of  the  seventh  pair  of 
nerves ; the  auditory  or  acoustic  nerve. 

Portland  Stone.  A granular  lime- 
stone, belonging  to  the  upper  part  of 
the  oolite  formation,  and  abounding  in 
the  island  of  Portland,  on  the  southern 
coast  of  England. 

Portia lacaeeae,*  por-tu-la-ka'she-e, 
or  Portia laeese,*  por-tu-la'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  succulent 
plants,  found  in  dry  places  in  South 
America  and  South  Africa.  It  includes 
Portula'ca , one  species  of  which  is  com- 
mon Purslane. 

IPo'riss.*  [Gr.  it copo;,  “tuff-stone,” 
“ tufa.”]  The  thick,  hard  skin,  or  brawn ; 
callus. 

Po'riis.*  [Gr.  7 ropo;,  a “ford,”  a 
“ ferry,”  or  “ passage.”]  A duct ; a pore. 
See  Pore. 

Po'ras ©p'ti-cus.*  (“Optic  Pore.”) 
A dark  point  in  the  centre  of  the  optic 
nerve,  through  which  the  central  artery 
passes.  Sec  Punctum  Caecum. 

Pos'i-tive  El'e-ments.  A term  ap- 
plied to  the  plates  of  zinc  in  the  galvanic 
pile;  the  zinc  or  most  oxidizable  metal 
being  in  such  combinations  always  found 
to  be  positively,  and  the  copper  (or  sil- 
ver), the  least  oxidizable,  negatively, 
electrical. 

Pos-i-tiv'i-ty.  [Positiv'itas,  a' i is.] 
The  state  of  a body  which  manifests  the 
phenomena  of  positive  electricity. 

Po-sol'o»gy.  [Prom  mao;,  “how 
much,”  and  Xoyo;,  a “ discourse.”]  That 
branch  of  medicine  which  treats  of  quan- 
tity, or  doses.  See  Dose. 

Pos'set.  [Posse'tum.]  A prepa- 
ration peculiar  to  the  English : being 
milk  heated  to  boiling,  and  then  curdled 
with  wine,  treacle,  or  an  acid. 

Post-di-1  u ' vi-an . [ Postilil  11  via'- 
ims:  from  qiost,  “after,”  and  dilu'vium, 
the  “deluge.”]  Applied  to  the  earths 
deposited  by  rivers  or  temporary  floods, 
etc.,  posterior  to  the  great  catastrophe 
called  the  Deluge. 

P©s-te'i*i-or  Au'ris.*  (“Posterior 
TMuscle]  of  the  Ear.”)  A muscle  situated 
behind  the  ear,  and  consisting  of  one  or 


more  bundles  of  fleshy  fibres;  sometime* 
called  musculi  retrahentes  auriculam 
(muscles  which  draw  back  the  auricle). 

Pos-tlii'tis,  [From  nooOr],  the 

“prepuce.”]  Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
brane of  the  glans  penis.  The  same  as 
Balanitis,  which  see. 

Post-Mortem.*  (“After  Death.”) 
Applied  to  the  examination  of  a dead 
body. 

Post  Par'tum.*  [From  post,  “af- 
ter,” and  par'tus,  the  “ time  of  travail.”] 
“After  or  subsequent  to  childbirth.”  Ap- 
plied to  haemorrhage  or  any  other  occur- 
rence ensuing  after  parturition. 

Post.  sing-,  soil.  1 flij.  = Post  sin' ga- 
las se'des  liq'uidas*  “After  every  loose 
stool.” 

Pot.  = Po'tio*  “A  potion.” 

Pot'asla.  [Potas'sa.]  The  vegeta- 
ble alkali  also  termed  Kali;  properly, 
an  hydrated  protoxide  of  potassium. 

Po-tas'sa.*  A Latinized  form  of  the 
word  “potash.” 

Potas'sa  Eu'sa.*  (“  Fused  Potash.”) 
The  hydrate  of  potash  : also  called  Lapis 
infernalis.  Prepared  by  evaporating  a 
solution  of  potash  to  dryness  in  an  iron 
vessel.  It  is  a powerful  caustic,  and  is 
employed  for  forming  issues,  etc. 

Po-tas'sse  Bl*chro'mas.$  (“Bi- 
chromate of  Potash.”)  The  name  ap- 
plied to  a substance  in  orange-red,  an- 
hydrous, tabular  crystals,  soluble  in  ten 
parts  of  cold,  and  in  much  less  of  boiling, 
water,  forming  a solution  having  an  acid 
reaction.  It  has  been  placed  on  the 
primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of 
the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  I860.  In 
small  doses  it  is  an  alterative:  in  large 
doses,  an  irritant  poison.  Externally  it 
is  used  as  a caustic. 

Potas'sae  Bi-tar 'tras*  (“  Bitartrate 
of  Potash”),  or  Cream  of  Tar  tar. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  a sub- 
stance which  is  dissolved  sparingly  by 
water,  but  freely  by  a hot  solution  of 
potassa,  which  deposits  it  again  upon  the 
addition  of  an  acid.  It  is  a cathartic, 
diuretic,  and  refrigerant. 

Potas'sae  Car-too'nas  Im-pu'ra  or 
Im-pii'riis.*  (“Impure  Carbonate  of 
Potash.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  substance  known  in 
commerce  by  the  name  of  “pearlash.” 

Potas'sse  CSilo'ras.*  (“Chlorate 
of  Potash.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
||  of  a substance  in  colorless,  tabular  cr3Ts- 
tals.  which  have  a pearly  lustre,  and  are 
wholly  soluble  in  distilled  water.  Chlo- 
rate of  potash  is  an  arterial  sedative. 

439 


POT 


PRE 


It  is  said  to  be  a most  valuable  remedy 
in  stomatitis  caused  by  the  use  of  mer- 
cury. 

Potas'sae  Ni'tras.*  (“  Nitrate  of 
Potash.”)  Nitre  or  Saltpetre.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  of  a substance  in 
colorless  prismatic  crystals,  unalterable 
in  the  air,  and  wholly  soluble  in  water. 
It  is  a refrigerant,  diuretic,  and  diapho- 
retic. 

Potas'sje Per-man  ga-nas. (“  Per- 
manganate of  Potash.”)  The  name  ap- 
plied to  a substance  in  needle-shaped 
crystals  of  a deep  purple  color.  It  is 
soluble  in  sixteen  parts  of  cold  water, 
with  the  exception  of  a scanty,  brown 
matter.  It  has  been  placed  on  the  pri- 
mary list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of  the 
U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1860.  It  is  used 
as  an  escharotic. 

Potas'sae  Sulphas.*  (“  Sulphate 
of  Potash.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
||  of  a substance  in  hard,  colorless  crystals, 
unalterable  in  the  air,  sparingly  soluble 
in  cold  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol. 

Po-tas'si-cus.i:  [From  potassium.'] 
Belonging  to  potassium:  potassic. 

Po-tas  si-i  Fer-ro-^y-an 'i-dum.* 
(“  Ferrocvanide  of  Potassium.”)  Also 
termed  the  Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potas'- 
siuui.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  forasubstancein  crystals  of  a lemon- 
yellow  color,  wholly  soluble  in  water.  It 
is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  hy- 
drocyanic acid,  Prussian  blue,  etc. 

Potassium,*  po-tash 'e-um.  A very 
remarkable  metal,  discovered  by  Davy  in 
1307.  It  is  the  base  of  potash.  One  of 
the  striking  peculiarities  of  potassium  is 
its  low  specific  gravity  (.865b  it  being 
the  lightest  known  solid;  another  is  its 
intense  affinity  for  oxygen,  in  consequence 
of  which  it  takes  fire  when  thrown  upon 
water 

Po-ta'to.  [Span  Batata.  bd-t§.'td;  Fr. 
Pomme  dc  Tarrt,  pomm  deh  teR.]  The 
common  name  for  the  root  (tuber)  of 
the  Solu'nnm  tnbero'sum. 

Potential  (po-ten'shal)  C’au'te-ry. 
[Caute'rium  Potentiate.]  See  Cau- 
tery, Potential. 

Po-ten-tilla.*  [ From po’tens,  “pow- 
erful.”] The  wild  tansy.  A Linnaean 
g mus  of  the  class  Icosandria,  natural 
order  Panacea:. 

Potentilla  Tor-men-til'la.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  tormentil  plant. 

Po'tion.  [Po'tio,  o'nis / from  po’to, 
pota'tum  or  po’tiim,  to  “ drink.”]  A me- 
dicinal mixture  to  be  taken  as  a drink. 
See  Draught. 

440 


Po-to-ma'ni-a.*  [From  po’to , po'~ 
turn,  to  “drink,”  and  pavia,  “madness.”] 
Drink-madness.  The  same  as  Mania  a 
Potu,  which  see. 

Pot-Pour' ri,  pot  poo'ree.  Literally, 
a “medley,”  a “hotch-potch.”  A mix- 
ture of  fragrant  flowers,  roots,  gums, 
etc.,  either  mixed  together  dry  or  pre- 
served with  salt. 

Pou,  poo.  The  French  name  for 
“louse.”  See  Pediculus. 

Ponce,  pooss.  The  French  name  for 
the  “thumb.”  See  Pollex. 

Pouch.  See  Sacculus. 

Poudre,  poodR.  The  French  name 
for  “powder.”  See  Pulvis. 

Poudre  tie  Cliypre,  poodR  deh  shepR. 
See  Aeelmoschus. 

Pouls,  poo.  The  French  term  for 
“pulse.”  See  Pulsus, 

Poultice.  See  Cataplasm. 

Pouinon,  poo'ni&Nt0'.  The  French 
term  for  Lungs,  which  see. 

Pou'part’s  (poo'parts)  Lig  a-mcnt. 
That  portion  of  the  inferior  thickened 
edge  of  the  tendon  of  the  ObUqnus  ex- 
ternus  abdominis  muscle,  stretching  from 
the  anterior  superior  spinous  process  of 
the  ilium  to  the  spine  of  the  os  pubis  ; 
the  crural  arch. 

Ponrpre,  poonpR.  The  French  term 
for  Purpura,  which  see. 

Powder.  See  Pulvis. 

Powder  of  Faynard.  See  Fay- 
naiid’s  Powder. 

Pox.  The  vulgar  name  for  syphilis : 
formerly  called  great  pox , to  distinguish 
it  from  variola,  or  small-pox. 

Prac'tiCC.  [Gr.  npaKrucrj ; from  irpaacrcj, 
to  “do,”  to  “conduct  business.”]  A 
general  term  for  the  extent  of  business, 
as  well  as  the  performance  of  the  duties, 
of  a medical  practitioner,  physician, 
surgeon,  or  apothecary. 

Pr*e.  A Latin  preposition  signifying 
“before,”  or  “beforehand.” 

Pra?-cor di-a,  o' rum*  [From  pne, 
“before,”  and  cor,  cor'dis , the  “heart.”] 
The  fore  part  of  the  thoracic  region. 

Pra^tfloratio.  See  ^Estivation. 

Prseputinm.  See  Prepuce. 

Prscvia.  Sec  Placenta  Praevia. 

P.  rat.  vet.  = Pro  ratio'ne  seta'tis* 
“According  to  the  age  of  the  patient.” 

Pre-cip'i-tant.  [Prieeip'itans ; 
from  prfccip'ito , prsecipita’tum , to  “ cast 
down.”]  Literally,  “casting  down,”  or 
“precipitating.”  Applied  to  the  sub- 
stance by  the  addition  of  which  a pre* 
cipitato  is  formed. 

Pre-cip'I-tate.  [Praecipita'tum; 


PRE 


PRE 


from  the  same.]  The  substance  which 
sinks  to  the  bottom  in  the  process  of 
precipitation. 

Precip'itate,  Reel.  The  red  oxide 
of  mercury.  See  Hydrargyri  Oxidum 
Rubrttm. 

Precip'itate,  White.  A compound 
formed  by  the  union  of  ammonia  with  a 
solution  of  chloride  of  mercury. 

Pre-cip-i-ta'ti©ai.  [Prsecipita'tio, 

o 'nis  ; from  prsecip'ito,  pr  see  ipita' turn,  to 
‘‘cast  down.’’]  The  process  of  precipi- 
tating a substance  held  in  solution  by 
the  addition  of  another  substance : thus, 
when  an  acid  and  oxide  are  united  in 
solution,  if  an  alkali  be  added  having  a 
greater  affinity  for  the  acid,  it  will  com- 
bine with  it,  and  the  oxide  will  be  pre- 
cipitated. The  oxide  is  named  the  pre- 
cipitate, the  alkali  the  precipitant. 

Precocity,  Genital.  See  Prceotia. 

Pre-cur  sor.  [Prtecnr'sor ; from 
prse,  “ before,”  and  cur’ro,  cur' sum,  to 
“run.”]  Literally,  a “forerunner.” 
Applied  to  symptoms  which  precede,  or 
indicate  the  approach  of,  a disease. 

Pre-clis-po'sing*.  [Prsedisp©'- 
nens ; from  prse , “ before,”  or  “ before- 
hand,” and  dispo'no,  dispos'itum,  to 
“dispose.”]  Applied  to  the  peculiar  con 
dition  or  habit  of  body,  temperament,  or 
structure  of  a part,  which  renders  a per- 
son susceptible  of  disease;  and  this  pecu- 
liar condition,  structure,  etc.  is  said  to  be 
the  predisposing  cause  of  the  disease. 

Pre-clis-po-si'tiom.  [Praedispo- 
si'tio,  o 'nis;  from  the  same.]  Any 
state  of  the  system  which  disposes  to  the 
action  of  disease. 

Pre-fl©-ra/tfs©ti.  [Praellora'tao, 

o'nis;  from  prseflo'reo,  to  “ blossom  be- 
fore the  time.”]  The  same  as  TEstiva- 
tion,  which  see. 

Pre-fo-lS-a'tiom.  [Prsefolia'tio, 

o'nis;  from  prse,  “before,”  and  fo'lium , 
a “leaf.”]  The  manner  in  which  the 
leaves  are  disposed  in  the  bud  before 
evolution.  The  same  as  Vernation. 

Pre-fa’©  21 'tal.  [Pra'fa’©nta'Sis ; 
from  prse,  “before,”  and/>o?ifa7<?  os,  the 
“frontal  bone.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to 
the  middle  part  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 

Preg'dam-ey.  [Prse§'aiaai't5a; 
from  prsey' nans,  literally,  “ previous  to 
bringing  forth.”]  (Fr.  Grossesse,  gRo'- 
sess'.)  The  state  of  being  with  young  or 
with  child.  See  Gravidity. 

Pregnancy,  Morbid.  See  Para- 

CYESIS. 

Pregnant.  [Prseg'nans.  See 

Pregnancy.]  With  young  or  with  child. 

38 


Pre-hen 'sale.  [Prehensi'lis ; from 
prehen' do, prehen' sum,  to  “take,”  to  “lay 
hold  on.”]  Capable  of  laying  hold  on  a 
thing ; adapted  to  the  act  of  grasping. 

Pre-hen'si©n.  [Prehen'sl©,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  grasping  or 
taking  hold;  a seizure. 

Pre-nia-taire'  La  bor.  That  which 
takes  place  during  the  last  three  months 
of  the  natural  term,  but  before  its  com- 
pletion. 

Pre-max'il-la-ry.  [Prse-anaxil- 

la'ras;  from  prse,  “before,”  and  maxil- 
la're  os,  the  “maxillary  bone.”]  Ap- 
plied by  Owen  to  the  front  part  of  the 
superior  maxilla. 

Premifcres  Voies,  preh-me-en'  vwA 
The  French  term  for  Prim  a:  Vi^e,  which 
see. 

Pre-nio'lar.  [From  prse,  “ before,” 
and  mala' r is,  “molar.”]  A term  applied 
to  the  first  two  pairs  of  molar  teeth  in 
each  jaw;  also  called  bicuspids. 

Pre-morse'.  [Pramor  sus;  from 
prsemor'den,  prsemor' sum,  to  “ bite  off.”] 
Ending  abruptly,  as  if  bitten  off.  Ap- 
plied to  parts  of  plants. 

Pre-©-per'cu-lar.  [Prseopercu- 
la'ris;  from  prse,  ‘’before,”  and  opercu- 
la'ris , “opercular.”]  Applied  by  Owen 
to  the  first  or  proximal  segment  of  the 
radiated  appendage  of  the  tympano- 
mandibular  arch  in  fishes. 

Pre  puce.  [Prsepu'tium ; from 
prse,  “before,”  and  noaOrj,  the  “virile 
member.”]  The  membranous  or  cuta- 
neous fold  which  covers  the  ylans  penis; 
also,  a similar  covering  for  the  ylans 
clitoridis : the  foreskin. 

Pres-by-©'pi-a.i:  [From  npeoBrg,  an 
“old  man,”  and  <?\p,  the  “eye.”]  The 
opposite  of  near-sightedness.  A defect 
of  vision,  common  to  persons  advanced 
in  years,  by  which  objects  are  seen  im- 
perfectly when  near,  but  clearly  when  a 
little  removed. 

Pre-scrip'tion.  [Prsescrip'ti©, 

o'nis ; from  prsescri'ho,  prseserip'ium,  to 
“write  before,”  to  “order,”  to  “pre- 
scribe.”] A formula,  or  writing  of  medi- 
cines to  be  exhibited  ; a recipe. 

Pres-en-ta  tion.  [Preseii  ta'ti©, 
o'nis ; from  prsesen'to , prsesenta'tum,  to 
“present.”]  The  particular  position  of 
the  child  in  the  passages  at  birth,  as 
arm-presentation,  foot-presentation,  etc. 

Pre-spflie'M©ic5.  [Prsespftenoi'cf  es ; 
from  prse , “before,”  and  sphenoi'des  os, 
the  “sphenoid bone.”]  Applied  by  Owen 
to  the  anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
sphenoid  bone. 


441 


PRE 


PRI 


Preternatural  (om^ustion.  See 

Spontaneous  Combustion. 

Pre-tym-pan'ic.  [Prsetympan'- 

icus;  from  prse,  “before,”  and  tympan'- 
icus,  “ tympanic.”]  Applied  by  Owen 
to  the  anterior  subdivision  of  the  tym- 
panic pedicle  which  supports  the  mandi- 
ble in  fishes. 

Pri'a-pisin.  [Priapis'mus ; from 
Trp'iarro;,  the  “ virile  member.”]  Continual 
(morbid)  erection  of  the  penis. 

Prickle.  See  Aculeus. 

Prickly.  See  Aculeate. 

Pri'mse  Vi'se.®  (Fr.  Premieres  voies, 
preh-me-eit'  vw&.)  “First  or  Primary 
Passages.”  The  stomach  and  intestines: 
so  named  in  reference  to  their  importance. 

Pri-ma'Ii-a.*  [From p ri'mus,  “first:” 
because  it  includes  those  growths  which 
are  the  first,  or  lowest,  in  the  scale 
of  creation.]  A term  recently  applied 
to  a proposed  division  or  kingdom  of 
organized  bodies,  including  those  of 
which  “the  structure  is  exclusively  cellu- 
lar without  vascularity,”  and  which 
possess  simply  the  power  or  function  of 
reproduction,  without  any  organs  appro- 
priated to  respiration  or  circulation. 

This  kingdom  is  intended  to  include 
the  following  sub-kingdoms.  1.  Alyse 
(Sea-weeds).  2.  Lichenes  (Lichens).  3. 
Fungi.  4.  Spongise  (Sponges).  5.  Con- 
jugcita  (Infusoria). 

In  accordance  with  this  view,  all  or- 
ganized bodies  may  be  distributed  into 
three  kingdoms,  namely: — 

1.  Primalia,  possessing  simply  the 
power  of  reproduction  by  cell-develop- 
ment. 

2.  Vegetabilia  (“  Vegetables”),  in  which 
to  the  function  of  reproduction  are  added 
those  of  respiration  and  circulation. 

3.  Animalia  (“Animals”),  possessing,  in 
addition  to  the  functions  of  reproduction, 
respiration,  and  circulation,  the  power 
of  voluntary  motion  and  perception  or 
sensation.  (An  interesting  memoir  on 
this  subject,  by  Messrs.  Wilson  and  Cas- 
sin,  may  be  found  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  May,  1863.) 

Pri'ma-rfes.  The  ten  elastic  quills 
attached  to  the  hand  or  third  portion  of 
the  wing  of  birds. 

Pri'ina-ry.  [Prinia'rins;  from 
pri'mus , “first.”]  Primitive;  original; 
principal.  Primary  planets  are  those 
planets  that  revolve  around  the  sun  as 
their  centre,  in  contradistinction  to  the 
satellites,  or  secondary  planets. 

Pri'mary  Rocks  are  the  igneous  or 

442 


crystalline  rocks,  as  granite  and  the 
metamorphic  strata,  which  contain  no 
organic  remains. 

Pri'mary  Col'ors  are  those  which 
by  their  union  constitute  white  light. 
Newton  supposed  them  to  be  seven  : red, 
orange,  yellow,  green,  blue,  indigo,  and 
violet.  According  to  Brewster,  there 
are  but  three,  red,  blue,  and  yellow, 
which  by  their  various  combinations 
produce  all  the  others. 

Pri-ma'tes.*  [From jma'jaas,  “first.”] 
Originally,  the  “chief  persons  or  indi- 
viduals” of  a city  or  kingdom.  Applied 
by  Linnaeus  to  the  first  order  of  animals 
in  his  system,  including  man  and  the 
monkey. 

Pri-mi-g>e'ni-ous.  [Primig'emis ; 

from  pri'mus,  “first,”  and  ye1  no,  to  “be- 
get.”] First-born ; primitive. 

Pri'mSne.  [Prlmi'na : from  pri' - 
mus,  “first.”]  The  exterior  of  the  two 
membranes  which  envelop  the  ovule  of 
plants. 

Pri-inip'a-ra.*  [From  pri'mus, 
“first,”  and  pa'rio,  to  “bring  forth.”] 
A woman  who  has  brought  forth  her 
first  child. 

Pri-mip'a-rus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Belonging  to  a first  birth:  primip'arous. 

Priniitise  (pri-mish'e-e),  a 'rum* 
[From  pri'mus,  “first.”]  The  waters 
which  usually  escape  before  the  birth  of 
the  child. 

Prim'i-tlve  Earths.  These  are 
nine:  Baryta,  Strontia , Lime , Magnesia, 
Alumina  or  Clay,  Silica,  Glucina , Zir- 
conia,  Yttria ; to  which  a tenth,  Fiorina, 
has  lately  been  added. 

Primitive  Rocks.  The  same  as 
Primary  Rocks,  which  see. 

Pri-mor'<li*al.  [Primordia'lis. 
See  Primordium.]  First  in  order;  origi- 
nal. Applied  to  the  first  leaves  which 
are  produced  after  the  seminal  leaves. 

Pri-nior'di-nm.*  [From  pri'mus, 
“first,”  and  or'dium,  a “beginning.”] 
Literally,  “ first  beginning  or  origin.” 
Applied  to  the  germ  of  the  future  bird  in 
the  egg,  or  to  any  germ. 

Primnlaceay*  prim-u-la'shc-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  common  in  the  northern  and 
colder  parts  of  the  world,  and  remark- 
able for  their  beauty.  It  comprises  the 
Cowslip  ( Prim'ula  ve'ris).  Primrose 
( Prim' ula  Auric' ula),  and  Cyc'lamen,  a 
drastic  purgative. 

Prince's  Jlet'al,  or  Prince  Rn'- 
pert's  Jlet  /al.  An  alloy  of  copper  and 
zinc. 


PRI 


PRO 


Pri'nos.*  Black  Alder.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  bark 
of  the  Pri'nos  verticilla' tu8. 

Pri&m.  [Pris'ma,  fit  is  ; from  n pi^co, 
to  “cut  with  a saw/’]  A solid  figure 
contained  by  several  planes,  of  which 
the  two  ends  are  equal,  similar,  and 
parallel,  and  all  the  sides  parallelo- 
grams. Prisms  take  particular  names 
from  the  figures  of  their  ends,  or  oppo- 
site, equal,  and  parallel  sides,  which 
may  be  triairgles,  squares,  pentagons, 
hexagons,  etc. : thus,  we  have  triangular 
prisms,  square  prisms,  and  so  on.  In 
Dioptrics,  a prism  is  a piece  of  glass,  or 
other  diaphanous  substance,  in  the  form 
of  a triangular  prism,  employed  to  sepa- 
rate a ray  of  light  into  its  constituent 
parts  or  colors  by  refraction. 

Pris-mat/ic.  [Prismat'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  a prism. 

Prismat  ic  Spec  trum.  [Sj»ec'- 
tram  PrisBiiat'icum.]  See  Spectrum. 

Pris'ma- toid.  [Prismatoi'des ; 
from  pris'ma,  a “ prism/'  and  eido;,  a 
“ form.”]  Resembling  a prism. 

Privities.  See  Nat ur alia. 

P.  r.  n.  = Pro  re  na'td .*  “According 
as  circumstances  may  require.”  Sec  Pro 
re  Nata. 

Pro.  [Gr.npo,  “before,”  “forwards,” 
“forth.”]  A Latin  preposition  signifying 
“before,”  “for,”  “forth,”  “forwards,” 
“according  to,”  or  “on  account  of.” 

Pro  re  na'ta.*  (“According  to  the 
circumstances  [i.e.  symptoms,  etc.]  aris- 
ing” or  occurring.)  A Latin  phrase  often 
added  to  prescriptions,  to  signify  that  the 
dose  or  application  is  to  be  repeated  or 
discontinued  as  occasion  may  require. 

Pro'bang.  [Supposed  to  be  from 
pro' bo,  to  “prove,”  or  “try.”]  A slen- 
der piece  of  whalebone  with  a portion 
of  ivory  or  sponge  at  its  extremity,  for 
pushing  down  into  the  stomach  bodies 
which  may  have  lodged  in  the  oesophagus. 

Probe.  [From pro' bo,  to  “prove,”  or 
“try.”]  (Lat.Specirium,  and  Sty'lus; 
Fr.  Stylet,  ste'IiP.)  An  instrument  for  try- 
ing the  depth  and  extent  of  wounds,  etc. 

Prob'lem.  [Proble'ma,  at  is;  from 
irpo6a\\io,  to  “lay  before.”]  A difficulty 
or  proposition  to  be  discussed  ; a ques- 
tion proposed  for  solution. 

Pro-bos-^ M'i-ans.  [Proboscidia'- 
na;  from  probos'cis .]  The  name  of  a 
family  of  pachydermatous  mammals  hav- 
ing a proboscis,  including  the  elephant. 

Pro-bos-^i-dif 'er-us.*  [From  pro- 
bos'cis, and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing 
or  having  a proboscis:  proboscidiferous. 


Pro-bos'^is,  id  is.*  [From  irpo,  “be- 
fore,” and  (Sookus,  to  “ feed.”]  The  pre- 
hensile organ  formed  by  a prolongation 
of  the  nose,  of  which  a trunk  of  an  ele- 
phant is  an  example.  Also,  the  fleshy  or 
membranous  organ  constituting  a sort 
of  sucker  in  certain  of  the  Sac  tori  a,  etc. 

Process.  [Proces'stis;  from  pro- 
ce'do,  proces'  sum,  to  “ proceed,”  to  “ go 
forth.”]  (Fr.  Proces,  pRo's&'.)  A project- 
ing point  or  eminence  of  a bone ; also, 
similar  objects  in  the  soft  parts  : a pro- 
tuberance ; any  projection  from  a surface. 
See  Protuberance. 

Process.  [From  the  same.]  (Fr. 
Precede,  pRo's&'di'.)  The  method  of  pro- 
ceeding in  a chemical  or  other  operation. 

Pro-ces'sus  a Wr-e-bel'lo  ad  Tes'- 
tes.*  The  name  of  two  cords  which 
pass  from  the  cerebellum  to  the  nates 
and  testes  of  the  brain.  They  are  the 
superior  peduncles. 

Pro-clftei'lum9*  or  Pro-<  hei'Ion.** 

[From  irpo,  “before,”  and  xei\o$,  a “lip.”] 
The  same  as  Prolabium,  which  see. 

Procidentia,*  pros-e-den'she  a. 
[From pi'oq'ido, to  “fall  forward,”  to  “ fall 
down.”]  The  falling  down  of  some  organ 
or  part,  as  the  anus,  eye,  uterus,  etc.  See 
Prolapsus. 

Prociden'tia  U'te-ri.*  A “falling 
down  of  the  womb,”  which  descends  into 
the  vagina,  owing  to  the  relaxation  of 
its  connections ; when  it  protrudes 
through  the  external  parts,  the  displace- 
ment is  termed  Prolapsus  uteri. 

Pro-cliv'i-ty.  [Procliv'itas,  a ’(is; 
from  pro,  “forwards,”  and  cli'vus , “ slop- 
ing,” or  “inclining.”]  Inclination,  or 
disposition  ; tendency  ; propensity. 

Pro-^oe'li-us.*  [From  irpo,  “before,” 
and  Koi\ia,  the  “belly.”]  Having  a 
swollen  or  prominent  belly. 

Proe'ta-gra.*  [From  irpcoKTog,  the 
“anus,”  and  uypa,  a “seizure.”]  Pain 
of  the  anus  or  rectum. 

Proc-tal'gi-a.*  [From  irpuKTos,  the 
“anus,”  and  ixXyog,  “pain.”]  Nervous 
pain  of  the  anus  or  rectum  : proctalgy. 

Proc-ta-tre'sl-a.*  [From  tpcjktos, 
the  “anus,”  and  atre’sia,  “imperfora- 
tion.”]  Imperforation  of  the  anus. 

Proc'ti-ca.*  [From  irpcoKrot;,  the 
“anus.”]  A generic  term  applied  by 
Dr.  Good  to  diseases  of  the  anus  and 
rectum. 

Proc-tit'i-cws.;*  Belonging  to  proc- 
titis. 

Proc-ti'tis,  id  is  [From  irpioKroq, 
the  “ anus.”]  Inflammation  of  the  anus, 
or  of  the  rectum. 


443 


PRO 


PRO 


Proc'to-^ele.*  [From  ttpcokto;,  the 
“anus,”  and  Kr/Xn,  a “tumor.”]  Hernia, 
or  prolapsus,  of  the  anus. 

Proc-to-^ys-to-to'nii-a.*  [From 
npioKTOi,  the  “ anus,”  and  cystoto’mia,  a 
“ cutting  into  the  bladder.”]  Proctocys- 
tot'omy.  The  recto-vesical  section  for 
calculus. 

Proc-to-dyn'i-a.*  [From  -^pcoKrog, 
the  “anus,”  and  dovvt 7,  “pain.”]  Spas- 
modic pain  of  the  anus  or  rectum. 

Proc-top-to'una,  atis*  [From  7r pwx- 
rbg,  the  “anus,”  and  irrwya,  a “fall.”]  A 
fall,  or  prolapse,  of  the  anus. 

Proc-top-to'sis.*  The  progress  or 
formation  of  proctoptoma. 

Proc-tot'o-my.  [Proctoto'mia ; 
from  TcpwKTog,  the  “ anus,”  and  TCyvo,  to 
“cut.”]  The  cutting  of  the  anus  or 
rectum,  as  in  imperforate  anus ; the 
operation  for  fistula  in  ano,  etc. 

Pro-cum  beait.  [Procwm'bens ; 
from  procum'bo , to  “lie  down  flat,”  to 
“lenn  upon.”]  Lying  on  the  ground; 
trailing.  Applied  to  plants. 

Prodrome.  [Prod'roinus;  from 
irpodpoyo;,  “running  before.”]  A fore- 
runner. Applied  to  some  affections 
which  indicate  the  supervention  of  an- 
other disease,  as  vertigo  is  sometimes 
said  to  be  a prodrome  or  precursor  of 
apoplexy. 

Pro-e-gu'me-nal,  or  Pro-e-gu'me> 

nous.  [Proegn'inenus ; from  Trpurj- 
yiopai , to  “lead  the  way.”]  That  which 
precedes : predisposing. 

Proe-o'ti-a,*  or  pre-o'she-a.  [From 
im at,  “ early,”  “ prematurely.”]  A gene- 
ric term  applied  by  Dr.  Good  to  the  dif- 
ferent forms  of  sexual  (or  genital)  pre- 
cocity. 

Pro-flu 'vi-a.*  [Plural  of  proflu9  mum, 
a “flux.”]  Fluxes  with  fever;  an  order 
of  the  class  Pyrexiie  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Pro-found'.  [ Profun 'dus ; from 

pro'cul  a fun' do,  “far  from  the  bottom.”] 
Deep.  Applied  to  vessels,  nerves,  mus- 
cles, etc.,  from  their  relative  situation  as 
to  others. 

Profusio,*  pro-fu'zhe-o.  [From  pro , 
“forth,”  and  fun' do,  fu' sum,  to  “pour.”] 
A loss  of  blood.  A genus  of  tho  order 
A pore  noses,  or  increased  secretions,  of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Prog-na'tlioiis.  [From  vpo,  “forth,” 
or  “forward,”  and  ymOo;,  a “jaw.”]  A 
term  applied  to  a head  or  cranium  in 
which  the  jaw  projects  much  farther 
forward  than  the  forehead. 

Prog*- no 'win.*  [From  “before,” 
444 


and  yiyvuoKOi,  to  “know.”]  The  know- 
ledge of  a disease,  drawn  from  a con- 
sideration of  its  signs  and  symptoms. 

Prog-nos' tic.  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  the  symptoms  from  a con- 
sideration of  which  a prognosis  of  any 
particular  disease  is  formed. 

Pro-la'bl-um.*  [From  pro,  “be- 
fore,” and  la'bium,  a “lip.”]  The  ex- 
treme prominent  part  of  the  lip.  Also 
termed  Procheilum. 

Pro-lap 'sus.*  [From ‘prola'bor,  pro- 
lap' sus,  to  “slip  or  fall  forth,”  to  “fall 
down.”]  (Fr.  Chute,  shut.)  A protrusion, 
as  well  as  falling  down,  of  a part  of  some 
viscus,  so  as  to  be  partly  external  or  un- 
covered. Applied  to  the  anus,  uterus, 
etc.  A genus  of  the  order  Ectopiao,  class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Prolap'sus  A'ni,*  or  Prolap'suH 
Rec'ti.*  (“  Prolapse  of  the  Anus  or  of 
the  Rectum.”)  A falling  down  of  tho 
extremity  of  the  rectum,  occurring  at  any 
period  of  life. 

Prolap  sus  Ir'i-«Ms*  [from  i'ris],  A 
prolapse  or  protrusion  of  the  iris  through 
a wound  of  the  cornea. 

Prolajp'siis  IJ'te-ri.*  (“  Prolapse  of 
the  Uterus.”)  Protrusion  of  the  womb 
beyond  or  at  the  vulva. 

Prolate  $B>heroid.  See  Spheroid. 

Pro-lif-er-a'lion.  [Proflifi'era'fi© ; 
see  Proliferous.]  Literally,  the  de- 
velopment of  new  branches,  flowers,  etc., 
from  .the  older  ones : mere  especially 
applied  to  the  appearanco  of  buds  or 
flowers  on  a part  of  a plant  which  docs 
not  usually  produce  them.  Applied  in 
a similar  manner  to  both  normal  and  mor- 
bid growths,  etc.,  in  the  animal  economy. 

Pro-lif  'er-ous.  [From  pro'les,  “ off- 
spring,” and  fc'ro,  to  “bear,”  or  “pro- 
duce.”] Producing  buds,  branches,  and 
flowers  from  older  ones,  or  from  unusual 
places.  See  Proliferation. 

Pr©-mc' tlie-an.  [From  Promc'thcns, 
who  is  fabled  to  have  stolen  fire  from 
heaven  in  a hollow  reed  (or  tube).]  A 
small  glass  tube  or  bulb  filled  with  con- 
centrated sulphuric  acid,  and  surrounded 
with  an  inflammable  mixture,  which  it 
ignites  on  being  pressed,  affording  an 
instantaneous  light. 

Proin'I-iirnce.  [ Prom moca' tin  ; 
from  promin'eo,  to  “jut  out,”  to  “stand 
out.”]  The  state  of  being  prominent. 
Also,  a projection,  protuberance,  or  emi- 
nence. 

Proiii'oBi-to-ry.  [Promonto'ri- 

boqdb  ; from  pro,  “ forwards,”  and  mans,  a 
“mountain.”]  A point  of  high  land 


PRO 


PRO 


extending  into  the  sea;  a headland. 
Applied  to  a small  projection  at  the 
inner  wall  of  the  cavity  of  the  tympa- 
num. 

Prom  ontory  of  tlie  Sa  crum. 
[Proiiionto'rimn  Os'sisSa'crl.]  Ap- 
plied to  the  superior  or  projecting  por- 
tion of  the  sacrum  when  in  situ  in  the 
pelvis. 

Pro-na/tion.  [Prona'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  pro’nus,  “having  the  face  down- 
ward/’ “prone.”]  The  act  of  turning 
the  palm  of  the  hand  downwards. 

Pro-iaa'tor,  o'ris*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  certain  muscles  used  in  the 
act  of  pronation. 

Proiaa'tor  Qmwl-ra'tus.  * (“  Square 
Pronator  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising 
from  the  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  inserted 
into  the  edge  of  the  radius.  This  mus- 
cle and  the  pronator  teres  turn  the  radius 
and  the  hand  inwards. 

Proiaa'tor  Te'res.*  (“Round  Pro- 
nator [Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising 
from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  humerus 
and  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna, 
and  inserted  into  the  middle  of  the 
radius. 

Proof  Spirit.  See  Spiritus  Tenu- 

IOR. 

Prop.  See  Fulcrum. 

Pro-pa'g-o,  g/ inis. * A Latin  word 
signifying  a cutting,  shoot,  or  stock  of  a 
vine  or  other  plant,  by  setting  which  in 
the  soil,  new  vines,  etc.  are  produced.  In 
Anatomy,  the  smaller  branches  of  vessels 
and  nerves  have  been  called  propag'incs. 

PropSi-y-lac'tic.  [Prophylac'ti- 
cus:  from  tt po,  “before,”  or  “before- 
hand,” and  0’Xao-o-a),  to  “guard.”]  Be- 
longing to  prophylaxis.  Applied  to  any 
means  used  for  the  preservation  of  health 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

Propls-y-lax'is.*  [Gr.  Trpo'pv\a%ts  ; 
from  the  same.]  Literally,  “caution,” 
or  “providence.”  The  art  of  guarding 
against  disease ; the  observation  of  the 
rules  necessary  to  the  preservation  of 
health  or  prevention  of  disease. 

Pvop'o-lis.*  [From  rr po,  “before,” 
and  roXif,  a “city.”]  Literally,  a “sub- 
urb or  outwork  of  a city.”  Bee-bread; 
a resinous  substance  collected  by  bees 
from  the  buds  of  trees,  and  used  by  them 
to  line  the  cells  of  a new  comb,  or  to 
stop  crevices,  and  thus  to  defend  their 
dwelling  against  the  cold  or  other  ene- 
mies. 

Pro-por'tions,  l>ef 'i-nate.  A term 
applied  to  the  proportions  in  which 
chemical  substances  which  have  a strong 
38* 


attraction  for  each  other  mutually  com- 
bine: thus,  if  sulphuric  acid  be  saturated 
with  cau.-tic  potash,  it  will  be  found  that 
they  always  combine  in  the  proporti<  n 
of  forty  of  the  acid  to  forty-eight  of  the 
alkali.  See  Equivalents. 

Pro  Re  NTata.  See  Pro,  etc. 

Pros  (7 rpog).  A Greek  preposition, 
usually  signifying,  when  combined  with 
other  words,  “to,”  or  “in  addition  to.” 

Pro-sec'tor,  o'ris.*  [From  pio, 
“for,”  and  se'co,  sec’ turn,  to  “cut.”]  Pro- 
perly, one  who  cuts  or  dissects  for  another : 
one  who  prepares  the  subject  for  the  ltc- 
tuier  on  anatomy. 

Pros-en kliy-ma.*  [From  irpog,  “in 
addition  to,”  and  en'ehyma , “that  which 
is  poured  or  deposited  within.”  See  Pa- 
renchyma.] A name  applied  to  certain 
vegetable  tissues. 

Pros-o-pal'gl-a.*  [From  irpcaamor, 
the  “face,”  or  “countenance,”  and  «Xyoj, 
“pain.”]  Pain  in  the  face,  or  neuralgia 
of  the  face. 

Pro-so'po-lo'gi-a.*  [From  rfooemor, 
the  “face,”  and  X6>oj,  a “discourse.”] 
A dissertation  on  the  countenance;  the 
science  of  physiognomy:  prosopol'ogy. 

Pr o-so ' p o - 111  a 11- 1 i ' a.*  [From  -npCaei- 
7 rou,  the  “face,”  and  pavreia,  “prophesy- 
ing.”] Prognosis  from  examination  of 
the  countenance. 

Pro-so'po-neu-ral'gi-a.*  [From 

Tpuaumor,  the  “face,”  and  neural' giaJ\ 
Neuralgia,  or  pain  in  the  nerves  of  the 
face. 

Prns-fa-tal'gl-a.*  [From  pros' tata 
glan'dula,  the  “prostate  gland,”  and 
aXyoj,  “ pain.”]  Pain  in  the  prostate 
gland. 

Pros-ta-taux'e.*  [From  pros’ tata 
glan'dula,  the  “prostate  gland,”  and 
avfy 7,  “increase.”]  Enlargement  of  the 
prostate  gland. 

Prostate.  [Pros  tatas ; from  -npo, 
“before,”  and  "arript,  to  “stand.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  large  heart-shaped  gland 
below  the  neck  of  the  urinary  bladder, 
and  behind  the  bulb  of  the  urethra. 

Pros-tat'ic.  [Prostat'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  prostate  gland. 

Pros-ta-ti'tis,  i dis.%  Inflammation 
in  the  prostate  gland. 

Pros'tfiie-sis.*  [From  irpog,  “to,”  or 
“in  addition  to,”  and  riOr/pu,  to  “put,”  or 
“place.”]  In  Surgery,  the  addition  of 
an  artificial  part  to  replace  that  which 
has  been  lost  or  destroyed,  as,  for  example, 
an  artificial  eye.  See  Rhinoplastic. 

Pros'trate.  [Prostra'tws ; see 
Prostration.]  Lying  at  length  ; abject; 

445 


PRO 


PRU 


lying  flat  on  the  ground.  Applied  to 
certain  plants. 

Pros-tra'tion.  [Prostra'tio,  o'nis  ; 

from  proster' no f p rostra' turn,  to  “cast  or 
beat  down,”  to  “lay  flat.”]  Extreme 
feebleness,  or  exhaustion,  the  effect  of 
disease ; dejection. 

Pro'te-an.  [From  Pro'teus,  a Gre- 
cian deity  who  possessed  the  power  of 
changing  himself  into  the  most  diverse 
and  opposite  appearances.]  Assuming 
many  different  forms. 

Pro'te-i-forin.  [Proteifor'mis; 
from  the  same.]  Changing  its  form. 

Pro'te-in,  or  Pro'te-me.  [Protei'- 
na;  from  npcnrevct),  to  “be  first.”]  A 
definite  compound  of  oxygen,  hydrogen, 
carbon,  and  nitrogen,  forming  the  basis 
of  the  most  important  constituents  of 
animal  fibrin,  albumen,  casein,  gluten, 
and  legumen. 

Pro-te-i-na'ceous  Prin'ci-ples.  A 

term  applied  to  albuminous  alimentary 
principles,  from  their  yielding  protein. 
Their  composition  is  identical  with  that 
of  the  constituents  of  blood. 

Prot-e-ran'tlious.  [From  itporzpog, 
“earlier,”  and  a;0o;,  a “ flower.”]  Applied 
to  plants  of  which  the  flowers  are  pro- 
duced earlier  than  the  leaves. 

Pro-tlio'rax,  a'cfo.*  [From  7 rpo, 
“before/"  and  0 3pa£,  the  “chest.”]  The 
anterior  segment  of  the  thorax  in  insects. 

Pro'lo-.  [From  nptiro;,  “first.”]  A 
prefix  denoting  the  first  degree  of  com- 
bination. See  Protoxide. 

Pro'to-Fom'pound.  A binary  com- 
pound of  single  equivalents  of  salt- 
radical  and  basyl. 

Pro-to-phyl'luin.*  [From  npuTog, 
“ first,”  and  <pv\\ov , a “leaf.”]  A seminal 
leaf:  a pro'tophyl. 

Pro'to-pbyte.  [Protoph'ytum  ? 

from  npoiro;,  “ first,”  and  (pv to>,  a “plant.”] 
Applied  to  the  Ahjae,  Lichens,  etc.,  re- 
garded as  the  first  productions  of  the 
vegetable  kingdom.  See  Primalia. 

Pro-top 'la-sis.*  [From7rpc5ro;,“  first,” 
and  nXioig,  a “moulding.”]  The  primary 
formation  of  a thing. 

Pro-to-plas'ma,  a ti%&  [From  npui- 
to i,  “first,”  and  irXinraw,  to  “form.”]  The 
nitrogenous  substance  from  which  the 
cell-nucleus  is  formed. 

Pro'to-plast.  [ Protoplas'ta;  from 
the  same.]  A primary  formation. 

Pro-tox'I-clat-ed.  [Protoxyda'- 
t ns.  1 Converted  into  a protoxide. 

Pro-tox'Ide.  [Protox'ydum : from 
pro' to- , and  ox'ydum,  an  “ oxide.”]  When 
there  are  several  different  oxides  of  the 
446 


same  substance,  the  protoxide  is  that 
which  is  the  first  in  the  scale,  or  which 
has  the  smallest  quantity  of  oxygen. 

Protruding.  See  Exserted. 

Pro-tu  'foe- ranee.  [Protufoeran'- 
tia;  from  pro,  “forth,”  and  tu'ber,  a 
“ swelling.”]  A swelling ; an  apophysis ; 
a process. 

Proud  Flesh.  A popular  term  for 
Fungus;  commonly  applied  to  any  re- 
dundant growth  of  healthy  granulation. 

Prox'I-mad.  The  same  as  Proxi- 
mal, used  adverbially. 

Prox'i-mal.  [From  prox'imus,  the 
“nearest.”]  Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as 
meaning  towards  the  end  nearest  the 
trunk,  when  treating  of  the  aspects  of 
the  four  extremities. 

Prox'i-mate  [from prox'imus,  “next,” 
or  “nearest”]  Cause.  Literally,  the 
“cause  which  is  next”  to  the  disease 
itself.  That  which  occurs  immediately 
after  the  exciting  cause  of  any  disease, 
being  that  particular  condition  of  the 
system  (or  of  an  organ)  in  which  the  dis- 
ease consists. 

Prox  imate  Prin'ci-ples.  Distinct 
compounds  which  exist  ready  formed  in 
animals  and  vegetables,  such  as  albu- 
men, gelatine,  etc.,  in  the  former,  and 
sugar,  gum,  starch,  etc.,  in  the  latter. 

Prox.  luc.  = Prox'itnd  In' cer * “ The 
day  before.” 

Pru-i'nsu*  [From  irpwiivdg,  “belong- 
ing to  the  morning.”]  Hoar-frost.  Also, 
“bloom,”  or  the  flour-like  substance  ob- 
served on  ripe  fruit,  especially  plums. 

Pru'i-nate,  Pru'i-nose.  [Prui- 

na'tus,  or  Pruino'sus.]  Appearing 
as  if  frosted  over,  or  covered  with  flour, 
like  certain  fruits. 

Prune.  [Prn'nnm.]  The  dried  fruit 
of  the  Prunus  domestica.  See  Prunum. 

Pro  111-form.  [Prunifor  mis : from 
pru'num , a “plum.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a plum  ; plum-shaped. 

Pro  nin.  [Proni  na:  from pni'mis 
cer'asus,  the  “cherry-tree.”]  The  same 
as  Cerasin.  See  Tragacanthin. 

Pru'num.*  [From  Pru'nus,  a “plum- 
tree.”]  A plum,  or  prune.  The  Phar- 
inacopoeial  name  ||  of  the  prepared  fruit 
of  the  Prunus  domestica.  It  is  nutritious 
and  laxative. 

Pru'iiuni  Gal'li-cum.*  (“French 
Plum.”)  Another  name  for  the  prune. 
Seo  Prunitm. 

Pru'nus.*  [From  t povvr),  the  “plum- 
tree.”]  A Linnacan  genus  of  the  class 
Icosandria , natural  order  IJnipaceiv. 

Pru'nus  I>o-ines'tI-ca.*  (“  Do* 


PRU 


PSE 


mestic  Plum/’)  The  plum,  or  damson- 
tree,  the  dried  fruit  of  which  constitutes 
the  prune. 

Pru'sius  L.aii'ro-€er'a-sus.*  The 

chferry-tree  laurel,  or  poison-laurel.  It  is 
a nervous  sedative,  and  is  used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  Prussic  Acid. 

Prii'nus  Vir-gin-I-a'iia.*  Wild- 
cherry  Bark.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  bark  of  Cer'asus 
Serot'ina  (of  Decandolle).  This  valua- 
ble remedy  combines  the  virtues  of  a 
tonic,  with  the  property  of  allaying  irri- 
tation and  nervous  excitability,  it  has 
been  given  with  excellent  effect  in  in- 
cipient phthisis  and  scrofulous  affections 
accompanied  with  hectic  fever. 

Prn-ri'go,  g'inis.%  [From  pru'rio, 
to  “itch.”]  A papular  eruption  affecting 
the  whole  surface  of  the  skin,  or  confined 
to  some  particular  part  or  organ,  ac- 
companied with  a sense  of  constant  itch- 
ing. Also  termed  Pruritus. 

Pru-ri'tus.*  [From  the  same.]  An 
intense  degree  of  itching.  Also,  the  same 
as  Prurigo,  which  see. 

Prussian  Blue.  A well-known 
pigment  of  a rich  blue  color : so  called 
because  it  was  discovered  by  Diesbach, 
a Prussian  chemist.  It  has  generally 
been  considered  as  a ferrocyanate  of  the 
peroxide  of  iron  ; but,  according  to  Ber- 
zelius, it  is  a double  cyanuret, — that  is, 
a ferrocyanuret  of  the  sesquicyanuret  of 
iron. 

Prussiate,  prush'e-at.  [Prus'sias, 
si'tis.]  A combination  of  prussic  acid 
with  a base. 

Prussiate  of  Pot'asb.  Another 
name  for  ferrocyanide  or  ferrocyanuret 
of  potassium,  a substance  occurring  in 
the  form  of  yellow  crystals.  It  is  much 
used  as  a test  of  the  presence  of  metals, 
and  especially  of  iron,  the  peroxide  of 
which  it  throws  down  from  its  solutions 
in  the  state  of  Prussian  blue.  See  Po- 
tassii  Ferrocyanidum. 

Prus'sic  A^'id.  [A^'idum  Pros'- 
sicom.]  A common  name  applied  to 
hydrocyanic  acid,  because  it  was  formerly 
supposed  to  be  an  ingredient  in  Prussian 
blue.  This  acid  is  a nervous  sedative, 
and  the  most  deadly  poison  known,  a 
single  drop  being  sufficient  in  some  cases 
to  destroy  life;  yet  minute  doses  of  the 
dilute  acid  are  sometimes  administered 
with  advantage  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Prus'sin.  [Prussi'ua;  from  Prus- 
sian blue.]  Another  name  for  cyanogen. 

Psa'lis,  i dis*  [Gr.  ipa\!g,  an  “arch,” 
or  “ vault.”]  Also  termed  Cor  pus  Psa- 


loi'des*  (“arch-like  body”),  and  For'- 
liix  C’er'ebri*  (“vault  of  the  brain”). 
See  Fornix. 

(^^In  all  words  beginning  withes, 
the p is  silent.) 

Psal-lo-i'des.*  [From  i//aXX<o,  to 
“ play  on  a stringed  instrument,”  and  eiSog, 
a “ form.”]  Resembling  a psalter,  harp, 
or  cithara : psalloid. 

Psa-lo-i'des.*  [From  i//aA<j,  an 
“arch,”  or  “vault,”  and  eUog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  an  arch  : psa'loid.  See  Psa- 
LIS. 

Psalteriuni.  See  Lyra. 

Psam-mo'de&.*  [From  ipa^og, 
“sand.”]  Sandy,  or  full  of  sand.  See 
Sabulous. 

Psel-lis'mus.*  [From  ipcXX'^o),  to 
“stammer.”]  Hesitation  of  speech; 
stammering;  bad  utterance.  A genus 
of  the  order  Dyscinesise,  class  Locales , 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pseii-«lses-tlie'si-a,*  or  Pseu-das- 
tlie'sis.*  [From  \pev6rjg,  “false,”  and 
aiadiwofxat , to  “feel.”]  (Fr.  Pseudesthesie, 
suh'des't&'z&'.)  False  or  imaginary  feel- 
ing or  sensation ; imaginary  sense  of 
touch  in  organs  that  have  been  long 
removed,  as  often  experienced  by  those 
who  have  suffered  the  amputation  of 
some  limb. 

Pseiwla'i>he,ii:  or  Pseii-«Ia'pliI-a.* 

[From  ipe  (5%,  “ false,”  and  d^rj,  the  “ sense 
of  touch.”]  The  same  as  Pseud^estke- 
sia,  which  see. 

Pseu-dar-thro'sis.*  [From  ipevirjg, 
“false,”  and  arth)  o' sis,  “articulation.”] 
The  formation  of  a false  joint. 

Pseu-do-blep'sl-a,*  or  Pseii-do- 
blep'sis.*  [From  “false,”  and 

/3\ty;g,  a “beholding.”]  Depraved  sight, 
in  which  objects  are  imagined,  or  seen 
different  from  what  they  are ; false  vision. 
A genus  of  the  order  Dyssesthesise,  class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pseu-do-cy-e'sis.*  [From  xpevdfjg, 
“false,”  and  Kvnoig,  “pregnancy.”]  A 
mole,  or  false  conception. 

Pseu-do-iiaeBii  brane.  [Pseudo- 
membra  Ha:  from  Wevdris,  “ false,”  and 
membra' na,  a “membrane.”]  A false 
membrane.  An  organized  layer  of  effused 
lymph,  the  effect  of  inflammation ; like 
the  membrane  which  is  formed  in  croup. 

Pseu 'do-scope.  [From  \pt<M c, 
“false,”  and  o-Kwraa,  to  “observe,”  or 
“see.”]  An  instrument  invented  by 
Mr.  Wheatstone  for  producing  the  con- 
version of  the  relief  of  any  solid  object 
to  which  it  is  directed,  thus  conveying 
to  the  mind  a false  perception  of  all  ex> 
447 


PSE 


PSY 


ternal  objects  by  transposition  of  the 
distances  of  the  points  which  compose 
them.  The  inside  of  a teacup,  for  ex- 
ample, appears  a solid  convex  body,  and 
a small  globe  looks  like  a concave  hemi- 
sphere. 

Pseu'«lo-Vol-can'ic.  Belonging  to 
or  produced  by  a pseudo-volcano. 

Pseu'do-Vol-ca'no.  A volcano  which 
emits  smoke  or  flame,  but  never  lava. 
Applied,  also,  to  a burning  coal-mine. 

Pso-atl  i-cus.  '5  [From  xpoa,  the  “ loin.”] 
Belonging  to  the  loins,  or  to  the  psose 
muscles:  psoad'ic. 

PsO‘a-do-to'ma»a.;!:  [From  pso'as, 

and  TcivHi),  to  “cut.”]  A cutting  into  the 
psoas  muscles. 

Pso'se.*  [Plural  of  Pso'a ; Gr.  ip6a.] 
The  loins.  Also  applied  to  two  pairs  of 
muscles  of  the  loins. 

Pso'as,  a do8%  [From ipoa,  the  “ loin.”] 
Of  the  loin  or  loins.  Applied  to  two 
muscles  of  each  loin,  the  psoas  magnus 
and  parvus. 

Pso'as  Ab'scess.  (That  is,  abscess 
of  the  loins.)  See  Lumbar  Abscess. 

Pso'as  Magf'nus.*"  (“Great  [Mus- 
cle] of  the  Loins.”)  A muscle  arising 
from  the  last  dorsal  and  the  four  supe- 
rior lumbar  vertebrm,  and  inserted  into 
the  lesser  trochanter  of  the  os  femoris. 
It  moves  the  thigh  forward. 

Pso'as  Par'vus.*  (“  Small  [Muscle] 
of  the  Loins.”)  A muscle  arising  from 
the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  inserted 
into  the  brim  of  the  pelvis:  it  is  very 
often  wanting.  It  bends  the  spine  upon 
the  pelvis. 

Pso-i'tis,  idis.%  [From  pso'se.]  In- 
flammation of  the  sheath  of  the  psoas 
muscles. 

Pso'ra.*  [Gr.xp  ijpa;  Fr.  Gale,  gdl,  or 
Rogue,  ron.]  The  itch.  A genus  of  tho 
order  Dialyses , class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology  ; also  termed  Scabies. 

Pso-rel-co'ma,  fit  is  * [From  xpxpa, 
the  “itch,”  and  eXscopa,  an  “ulcer.”]  A 
scabious  ulcer. 

Pso-rel-co'sis.*  The  progress  of 
psorelcouia : scabious  ulceration. 

Pso-ri'a-sis,*  or  so-re-a'sis.  [From 
xpupa,  the  “itch.”]  A cutaneous  disease, 
characterized  by  a rough,  scaly  cuticle, 
continuous,  or  in  separate,  irregular 
patches;  generally  with  fissures  of  tho 
skin.  Often  called  scaly  tetter. 

Psori'asis  HMf-fu'sa.*  (“Diffused 
Psoriasis.”)  A variety  of  psoriasis,  at- 
tacking persons  pursuing  different  trades, 
and  variously  denominated  baker’s, 
bricklayer’s,  grocer’s  itch,  etc. 

448 


Psori'asis  Gut-ta'ta.*  (“  Spotted 
Psoriasis.”)  Small,  distinct,  but  irregu- 
lar patches  of  laminated  scales,  with 
little  or  no  inflammation  round  them, 
rarely  exceeding  a half  an  inch  in  diame- 
ter, having  neither  the  raised  edges  nor 
oval  or  circular  form  of  the  other  varie- 
ties of  lepra. 

Psori'asis  ^ry-ra'ta.*  A species 
distributed  in  narrow  patches  or  stripes, 
variously  figured  or  gyrated. 

Psori'asis  Ifii-faife-ti'lis.*  (“Infan- 
tile Psoriasis.”)  The  dry  tetter  affecting 
infants  between  two  months  and  two 
years  of  age ; irregular,  scaly  patches  of 
various  size,  on  the  cheeks,  breast,  back, 
nates,  and  thighs. 

Psori'asis  In- vet-e-ra' ta.*  (“In- 
veterate Psoriasis.”)  Characterized  by 
an  almost  universal  scaliness,  with  a 
harsh,  dry,  and  thickened  state  of  the 
skin. 

Pso'ric.  [Lat.  Pso'rieus;  Fr.  Ga~ 
leux,  ga'luh'.)  Belonging  to  p>sora , or 
itch. 

Pso-ro'cles.*  [Fromt//a>pa,  the  “itch.”] 
Resembling  psora  ; also,  having  the  itch ; 
pso'rous. 

Pso-ro-i'des.*  [From  xpujpa,  the  “itch,” 
and  eitog,  a “form.”]  Resembling p>sora : 
pso'roid. 

Pso-roph-th&l'nrf-a.*  [From  \p'pa, 
the  “itch,”  and  6i>0aXp6g,  the  “eye.’  ] In- 
flammation of  the  eye  attended  with 
itchy  ulcerations. 

Pso-roph-tfoal'mic.  [Psoropli- 
thalmicus.]  Belonging  to  psoroph- 
thalmia. 

Psy-chi-a-tri'a.*  [From  xpvXfi,  tho 
“soul,”  or  “mind,”  and  iarptia,  a “heal- 
ing.”] The  medical  treatment  of  dis- 
orders of  the  mind. 

Psy'-ehi-cal.  [Psy'cBiicns ; from 
ifsvxn,  “soul,”  or  “mind.”]  Belonging  to 
tho  mind  or  intellect. 

Psy'chical  Eiem'c-cHies.  These  con- 
sist in  the  employment  of  the  mental 
affections  to  promote  tho  healthy  func- 
tions of  the  body,  or  to  modify  the  pro- 
gress of  disease. 

Psychology,  sl-kol'o-je.  [Psyclio- 
lo'gia;  from  t pvxny  the  “soul,”  and  Ajyoj, 
a “discourse.”]  Tho  doctrine  of  tho 
soul,  or  mind.  In  its  larger  acceptation, 
it  is  synonymous  with  mental  philosophy. 

Psy-cho-no-sol'0-gy.  [Psy  clto- 
nosolo'gia;  from  xp  >Xi 7,  tho  “soul,”  or 
“mind,”  and  n osolo'yia,  tho  “doctrine  of 
diseases.”]  Tho  doctrine  or  science  ol 
mental  diseases. 

Psy-cho-path'ic.  [Psychopath'!* 


PSY 


PTO 


cus.]  Belonging  to  psychopathy,  or 
mental  disease. 

Psy-cBiop'a-thy.  [Psycliopathi'a ; 

from  'pvxf],  the  “soul,”  or  “mind,”  and 
7 rdOos,  an  “affection,”  a “disease.”]  Men- 
tal disease  or  affection. 

Psy-cho'sis.*  [From  the 

“soul,”  or  “mind.”]  Affection  of  the 
mind.  Applied  in  the  plural  ( Psychoses ) 
to  a class  of  such  affections. 

Psy-cIiron»'e-ter.  [Psychrom'e- 
trunn;  from  \pvxp6g,  “cold,”  “chilly,”  or 
“damp,”  and  phpov,  a “measure.”]  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  amount 
of  the  aqueous  vapor  contained  in  the 
atmosphere. 

Psy-clra'cious.  [Psydra'cius ; 

from  psydra'  ciumd\  Having  psydracia  ; 
of  the  nature  of  a psydracium. 

Psydracium,*  si-dra'she-um.  [Di- 
minutive of  (l)vdpa%,  a “small  blister.”] 
A minute  species  of  pustule  causing  a 
slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  ter- 
minal ing  in  a laminated  scab. 

Ptar'inic.  [Ptar'  miens;  from 
irraipw,  to  “ sneeze.”]  Causing  to  sneeze ; 
sternutatory. 

In  all  words  beginning  with  pt, 
the/)  is  silent.) 

Pte-rigr'e-mis.*  [From  tt repig,  the 
“fern,”  and  yci/w,  to  “be  born,”  to 
“grow.”]  Growing  upon  ferns. 

Pterigraphia,^  ter-c-gra'fi-a,  or 
Pte-rig''ra-pBiy.  [From  nreplg,  a “ fern,” 
and  ypa(p(x),  to  “ write.”]  A description  of 
ferns. 

Pter-o-car'pous.  [Pterocar'pus ; 

from  vrtpd'j , a “ wing,”  and  Kapnog,  “ fruit.”] 
Having  winged  fruits. 

Pterocarpus,*  ter-o-kar'pus.  [From 
the  same.]  A Linnman  genus  of  the 
class  Diadelphia , natural  order  Lecjumi- 
nosse.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Br.  Ph.)  for  the  wood  of  the  Pterocarpua 
santalinu8 . 

Pterocar'pus  I>ra'co.*  The  syste- 
matic name  of  one  of  the  trees  wThich 
yields  dragon’s  blood. 

Pterocar'pus  Sau-ta-li'nus.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  tree  the  wood  of 
which  is  called  red  saunders,  sanders,  or 
sandal ; termed  also  Santalum  riibrum. 

Pter-o-cau'las.*  [From  -n  rtpov,  a 
“wing,”  and  can'lis,  a “stem.”]  Having 
i winged  stem.  Applied  to  certain  plants. 

Pte-ro-i'cles.*  [From  irrepov,  a “ wing,” 
and  elSos,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a 
wing:  pte'roid.  See  Pterygoid. 

Pte-ropli'o-rus.*  [From  nrepov,  a 
“wing,”  and  r/^po),  to  “bear.”]  Having 
wings : pteroph'orous. 


Pte-rop'o-da.*  [From  nnpAv,  a “wing,” 
and  7i ovg,  mdog,  a “ foot.”]  The  fourth  class 
of  the  Cyclo-yungliata  or  Mollusks,  con- 
sisting of  small,  soft,  floating  marine  anh 
mals,  which  swim  by  the  contractions  ot 
two  lateral  musculo  cutaneous  fins. 

Pteropods.  See  Pteropoda. 

Pte-rop'o-dus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  winged  feet  or  winged  petioles. 
Applied  to  certain  plants;  also  to  an 
order  of  Mollusks.  See  Pteropoda. 

Pt^r-o-sper'mus.*  [From  n repdv,  a 
“wing,”  and  o-ntppa,  a “seed.”]  Having 
winged  seed  or  fruit,  as  the  iSida  ptero- 
sperma. 

Pter-o-sty'lus.*  [From  nrrpov,  a 
“wing,”  and  arv\og,  a “pillar,”  a “ style.”] 
Having  the  style  compressed  and  broad 
in  the  form  of  a wing;  pterosty'lous. 

Pte-ryg'I-iini.*  [From  tt  repif,  a 
“wing.”]  A membranous  excrescence 
on  the  internal  canthus  of  the  eye,  ex- 
panding on  the  albuginea  and  cornea 
towards  the  pupil. 

Pter-y-g©'de£.*  [From  rrtpv £,  a 
“wTing.”]  Having  wings. 

Pter'y-goid.  [ Pterygoi'dcs;  from 
TTTtp^l,  a “wing,”  and  tUog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a wing. 

Pter-y-go-i'de-us.*  [From  the  same.] 
Connected  with  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pteryg’Oi'deus  Ex -ter' mis.*  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  outer  plate  of 
the  pterygoid  process,  etc.,  and  inserted 
into  the  condv'e  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Ptcrygoi'cEeus  In-ter'mis.*  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  inner  plate  of 
the  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid 
bone,  and  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the 
angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  This  and  the 
preceding  muscle  move  the  jaw  from 
side  to  side,  and  perform  the  action  of 
grinding  with  the  teeth. 

Pter'5-go-Fliar-yu-ge'iTS.* A syno- 
nym of  the  const* ictor  superior  muscle 
of  the  pharynx,  because  it  arises  from 
the  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid 
bone. 

Pter'yg’o-Staph-y-li'nus.*  [From 

<rTarb”\ri,  a “grape;”  also,  ihe  “uvula.”] 
The  name  of  a muscle  arising  from  the 
pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  inserted  into  the  velum  pa  loti. 

Ptisane,ti-zan'  ortiz'an.  [Ftis'ana; 
from Trri(X(T(x),  to  “bruise.”]  Barley  pounded 
and  made  into  balls;  also,  a drink  made 
of  farinaceous  substances  boiled  in  water 
and  sweetened. 

Pto'sis.*  [From  nroco,  to  “fall.”]  A 
falling,  or  prolapsus. 

Pto'sis  Pal'pe-brae.*  (“Falling  of 
449 


PTY 


PUL 


the  Eyelid.”)  Inability  to  raise  the 
upper  eyelid. 

Ptyalagogue,  tl-al'a-gog.  [Pty- 
alago  yus ; from  tttvoXov , “ spittle,”  and 
aycu,  to  “carry  or  bring  away.”]  Pro- 
moting or  increasing  the  flow  of  saliva,* 
termed  also  Sialagogue. 

Pty'a-lin,  or  Pty'a-line.  [Ptya- 
li  iia;  from  irrva\oj,  “spittle.”]  A con- 
stituent principle  peculiar  to  saliva,  and 
on  which  its  faint,  sickly,  or  salivary 
odor  depends. 

Pty'a-lisan.  [Ptyalis'mus;  from 

7r rnaXi^aj,  to  “spit  abundantly.”]  In- 
creased and  involuntary  flow  of  saliva. 
A genus  of  the  order  Apocenoses,  class 
Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Pty-a-lopb ' thi-sis.*  [From  nrvaXov, 
“ spittle,”  and  ipOiotg,  a “ wasting.”]  Tabes 
salicalis , or  wasting  from  excessive  sali- 
vation. 

Pty'a-lum.*  [From  tttvoXov , “ spit- 
tle.”] The  secretion  called  saliva;  mu- 
cus from  the  bronchia:  spittle. 

Pu'ber-ty^  [Puber'tas,a7/s;  from 
pu'beo,  to  “be  in  the  bloom  of  youth,” 
to  “grow  to  maturity.”]  The  earliest 
age  at  which  young  persons  are  marriage- 
able, or  have  the  power  cf  procreating 
offspring.  See  AItas. 

Pu'bes,*  gen.  Pu'bis.  [From  the 
same.]  The  external  part  of  the  gene- 
rative region,  which  is  more  or  less  cov- 
ered with  hair  after  puberty.  Also  ap- 
plied to  the  down  on  leaves,  stems,  seeds, 
etc.,  of  certain  plants;  pubescence. 

Pu-bSs'^ence.  [Pubescen'tia; 
from  pubes' co,  to  “bud,”  or  “bloom,”  to 
“have  down,  or  incipient  beard.”]  Fine 
hair,  or  down,  closely  pressed  to  the 
surface  of  leaves,  stems,  etc. 

Pu-b$s'$ent.  [Pubes'cens;  from 
the  same.]  Covered  with  downy  hair. 

Pu'bic.  [Pit  bicus.]  Belonging  to 
the  pubes. 

Pu-bi-flo'rus.*  [From  pu'bes , 
“down,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”]  Applied 
to  pliints  having  the  calyx  or  the  corolla 
covered  with  light  down:  pubiflo'rous. 

Pu-big'er-ous.  [Pubig'erus;  from 
pu'bes,  “ down,”  or  “ soft  hair,”  and  ye'ro , 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  down. 

Pu'bis,  Os.*  (“Bone  of  the  Pubes.”) 
A bone  constituting  the  anterior  portion 
of  the  Os  innominatum,  but  forming  a se- 
parate bone  in  the  foetal  pelvis. 

Pu-tlcn'da,*  gen.  Pu-<leii-tlo'rum, 
the  plural  of  Pudendum,  which  see. 

Pudenda  Vl-ro'rum.*  [From  vir, 
a “man.”]  The  male  organs  of  genera- 
tion. 


Pu-den  'da-gra.*  [From  pit  den' dct, 
the  “private  parts,”  and  aypa,  a “seizure.”] 
Pain  in  the  pudenda, 

Pti-den'diim,*  gen.  Pu-den'di. 
[From  pu’deo , to  “have  shame,  or  mo- 
desty.”] The  genital  organs,  or  parts  of 
generation,  of  either  sex,  taken  as  a 
whole ; also  used,  perhaps  more  correctly, 
in  the  plural  ( puden'da ). 

Pudendum  Mu-li-e'bre*  [from 
mu' lier,  a “woman”].  The  female  parts 
of  generation,  collectively. 

Pu'dic,  or  Pu'di-cal.  [Pudi'cus; 
from  pu'deo,  to  “ have  shame,  or  mo- 
desty.”] Belonging  to  the  pudenda,  or 
genital  organs. 

Pu-er'pe-ra.*  [From/ru'er,  a “child,” 
and  pa'rio,  to  “ bring  forth.”]  A woman 
in  childbed,  or  one  who  has  been  lately 
delivered. 

Pu-er 'pe-ral.  [Puerpera'lis ; from 
puer'pera .]  Belonging  to,  or  consequent 
on,  childbearing. 

Puer  peral  Fe'ver.  [Fe'bris 

Puerpera  rum.]  A severe  febrile  dis- 
ease which  sometimes  occurs  in  the  puer- 
peral state,  usually  about  the  third  day 
after  childbirth, originating  in  an  inflamed 
condition  of  the  peritonaeum.  Termed 
also  me'tria  [from  fxnrpa,  the  “womb”]. 

Puer'peral  Ma'ni-a.  The  delirious 
excitement  occurring  in  puerperal  fever. 

Pu-er-pe'ri-um.*  [From  puer'pe- 
ra.]  The  state  or  period  of  a woman  in 
confinement. 

Pu-er-pe-rop'y-ra.*  [From  puer- 
pe'rium,  “confinement  in  childbed,”  and 
7 rwp,  a “fever.”]  A term  for  puerperal 
fever. 

Pug.  ==  Pugil'lus*  A “pugil,”  or 
pinch  between  the  finger  and  thumb. 

Pii-gil'liis.*  [Diminutive  of  pug'- 
nus,  the  “fist.”]  A little  handful;  held 
to  be  about  the  eighth  part  of  an  ordinary 
handful.  See  preceding  article. 

Pii-gi-o'iil-forin.  [Pug-ion  i for 
mis;  from  pu'gio,  a “poignard.”]  Dag- 
ger-shaped ; having  the  shape  of  a 
poignard.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Pu-le'gi-uiii.*  [From  pn'lex , a 
“flea.”]  The  Pharmacopocial  name 
(Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  dried  herb 
of  Mentha  Pulegium,  which  see. 

Pn'lex.*  [Said  to  bo  derived  from 
pul' vis,  “dust,”  because  they  were  sup- 
posed to  be  produced  from  it.]  A flea; 
a species  of  insect  in  which  a single  im- 
pregnation suffices  for  at  least  six  or 
seven  generations. — (IIoblyn.)  It  is  a 
curious  fact,  that  in  the  warmer  summer 
months,  the  young  of  this  insect  <*re 


450 


PUL 


PUL 


produced  viviparously ; and  in  the  cooler 
autumnal  months,  ovipnrously. 

Pul  mo,*  gen.  Pul-mo'nis  (plural 
Pul-mo'ne&,  gen.  Pnl-mo'niim).  (Fr. 
Poumon,  poo’m6N«'.)  A Latin  word  sig- 
nifying a “lung,”  or  the  “lungs.”  See 
Lungs. 

Piil'mo-grade^,  or  Pul-mog'ra- 
«la.*  [From  pul'mo,  a “ lung,”  and  gra’ - 
dior , to  “go,”  to  “ advance.”]  The  name 
of  a tribe  of  Acalephans,  including  those 
gelatinous  species  which  swim  by  the 
contraction  of  the  vascular  margin  of  a 
disk -shaped  body,  supposed  to  be  their 
lungs. 

Pul-inom'e-ter.  [Pulanom'etrum ; 

from  pul'mo,  the  “lungs,”  and  pzrpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  capacity  of  the  lungs. 

Pul-mom'e-try.  [Pulnioiue'tria; 
from  pul'mo,  the  “lungs,”  and  /lerpi w.  to 
“measure.”]  The  measuring  of  the  size 
or  capacity  of  the  lungs  in  reference  to 
the  quantity  of  air  employed  in  respi- 
ration. See  Spirometry. 

Pul'mo-iia-ry.  [Pulmona'ris,  or 
Pulmona'lis ; from  pul’mo,  pulmo'nia, 
the  “lungs.”]  (Fr.  Pulmonaire,  pUl'mo' - 
neR\)  Of  the  lungs,  or  belonging  to  the 
lungs ; pulmonic. 

Ptil'monary  Con-suaup'tion. 
[PhlBii'sas  Piilinona'lis.]  A disease 
which  in  most  northern  temperate  cli- 
mates causes  more  deaths  than  any  other. 
Its  usual  symptoms  are  cough,  emacia- 
tion, debility,  and  hectic  fever,  generally 
accompanied  with  purulent  expectora- 
tion. In  the  later  stages  of  this  formi- 
dable malady,  there  is  little  hope  of  suc- 
cessful treatment.  The  aim.  of  the  phy- 
sician should,  therefore,  be  to  prevent  the 
development  of  its  worst  symptoms,  by 
timely  precautions,  namely,  by  a careful 
attention  to  proper  clothing,  by  a judi- 
cious employment  of  external  irritation, 
by  the  use  of  a mild  but  nutritious  and 
strengthening  diet,  and,  above  all,  by 
maintaining  the  tone  of  the  system  by 
means  of  suitable  exercise  in  the  fresh 
and  open  air.  When  the  strength  of  the 
patient  is  such  as  to  admit  of  it,  gentle 
exercise  on  horseback  is  especially  to  be 
recommended.  Although  a mild,  dry 
atmosphere  is  always  desirable,  extensive 
observation  has  proved  that  the  patient 
loses  more  by  confinement  to  the  house, 
than  by  a regular  exposure  (with  proper 
precautions  as  to  clothing,  etc.)  to  all 
kinds  of  weather,  except  the  very  most 
inclement.  See  Climate. 

Pulmonary  Plex'us.  The  bron- 


chial plexus  of  nerves,  or  that  formed  at 
the  back  of  the  bronchia  by  the  par 
vagum  and  great  sympathetic  nerves. 

Pul-mo'nes,*  gen.  Pul-ino'mim, 
the  plural  of  Pulmo,  which  see. 

Pul-mo'ne-us.*  [From  pul'mo,  a 
“lung.”J  Applied  in  the  plural  femi- 
nine (Pulmo'nese)  to  an  order  of  the  Gas- 
teropoda which  respire  air  through  an 
opening  in  the  margin  of  the  mantle. 

Pul-inon'ic.  [Piiluioii'icus;  from 
pul'mo,  a “lung.”]  Synonymous  with 
pulmonary. 

Pulinon'icCir-eu-la'tion.  The  pas- 
sage of  the  blood  from  the  right  side  of 
the  heart  through  the  pulmonary  arte- 
ries to  the  lungs,  and  back  to  the  left 
side  of  the  heart  through  the  pulmonary 
veins.  This  is  also  called  the  lesser  cir- 
culation, in  order  to  distinguish  it  from 
the  greater  circulation,  or  the  passage  of 
the  blood  from  the  left  side  of  the  heart 
through  the  aorta  and  its  ramifications, 
and  back  again  through  the  veins  to 
the  right  side  of  the  heart. 

Pul-ino-nif'er-ous.  [Pulmonif  '> 
eras ; from  pul’mo,  a “ lung,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  lungs  or 
bronchia. 

Pul-nto-ititis.  id  is*  [From  pul'mo, 
a “lung.”]  Inflammation  of  the  lungs. 
See  Pneumonia. 

Pulp.  [Pul'pa.]  Originally,  the 
fleshy  part  of  meat ; also,  the  pith  of 
wood.  Usually  applied  to  the  soft  part 
of  fruit,  as  distinguished  from  the  seeds, 
skin,  etc. 

Pulp  of  the  Toot  It,  or  Den'tal 
Pulp.  [Pul  pa  I>en'tis.]  An  ex- 
tremely sensitive  pulpy  substance,  of  a 
reddish  or  reddish-gray  color,  which  fills 
the  central  cavity  of  the  teeth. 

Pul'pous.  [Pulpo'sus:  from  pul'- 
pa,  “pulp.”]  Having  or  resembling 
pulp. 

Pul'sa-tile.  [Pulsat'ilis:  from 

puf'so,  pulsa'tum,  to  “beat  frequently,” 
to  “throb.”]  Beating;  pulsating. 

Pul-sa-til'la.*  A common  name  for 
the  Ancmo'ne  pnlsatil'la,  a plant  which 
is  sometimes  employed  as  a remedy  in 
amaurosis  and  in  certain  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

Pul-sa'tion.  [Pulsa'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  Any  throbbing  sensa- 
tion, resembling  the  beating  of  the  pulse; 
the  heart’s  action  extending  to  the  arte- 
ries, felt  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

Pulse.  [Puls.]  Originally,  “ gruel,” 
or  “pottage.”  Applied  to  leguminous 
plants  or  seeds,  as  peas,  beans,  etc. 

451 


PUL 


PUL 


Pulse.  [Pul'sus;  from  pel’lo,  pul'- 
snm,  to  “ drive,”  to  “beat,”  or  “strike.”] 
(Fr.  Pon Is,  poo.)  The  beating  of  the 
arteries  following  the  contractile  action 
of  the  heart.  The  radial  artery  at  the 
wrist  is  commonly  made  use  of  in  order 
to  ascertain  the  force,  frequency,  etc.,  of 
the  general  circulation.  An  examination 
of  the  pulse,  taken  in  connection  with 
other  symptoms,  is  often  of  the  greatest 
utility  to  the  physician,  in  enabling  him 
to  determine  the  peculiar  character  of 
different  diseases. 

Not  merely  the  frequency  and  force, 
but  the  fulness,  hardness , etc.,  as  well  as 
the  opposite  characteristics,  are  to  be 
carefully  noted.  It  is,  however,  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  practitioner 
should  take  into  consideration  those 
variations,  temporary  or  otherwise,  which 
are  not  necessarily  dependent  on  a state 
of  disease. 

Not  only  may  the  force  and  frequency 
of  the  pulse  be  greatly  increased  by  a 
mere  temporary  cause  (such,  for  example, 
as  extraordinary  exertion,  sudden  alarm, 
etc.),  but,  owing  to  certain  constitutional 
peculiarities,  the  pulse  of  some  persons 
in  a state  of  perfect  health  is  uniformly 
much  more  frequent  than  the  general 
average.  As  a general  rule,  the  pulse  in 
persons  of  an  excitable  temperament  is 
considerably  more  frequent  than  in  those 
of  an  opposite  character;  it  is  usually 
more  frequent  in  women  than  in  men.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  pulse  of  an  adult 
male  at  rest,  in  a state  of  perfect  health, 
has  from  sixty-five  to  seventy-five  beats 
per  minute.  An  infant  at  birth  has  from 
one  hundred  and  twenty  to  one  hundred 
and  forty  pulsations  per  minute;  a child 
a year  old,  from  one  hundred  and  ten  to 
one  hundred  and  twenty  ; at  three  years, 
from  ninety  to  one  hundred ; at  ten, 
from  eighty  or  eighty-five  to  ninety ; at 
puberty,  about  eighty.  As  life  advances, 
the  pulse  usually  becomes  slower,  until 
the  infirmities  of  age  begin,  when,  as  a 
result  of  debility,  it  often  increases  in 
frequency.  Of  the  different  kinds  or 
characters  of  the  pulse,  the  following 
are,  perhaps,  the  mo  t deserving  of  no- 
tice : — 

1.  Dicrottc  Pulse.  [See  Dicrotic.] 
That  in  which  the  finger  is  struck  twice 
(first  forcibly,  then  lightly)  at  every 
pulsation. 

2.  Filiform  (or  thread-like)  Pitlse. 
That  in  which  the  pulsating  artery  seems 
so  narrow  as  to  resemble  a thread. 

3.  Gaseous  Pulse.  One  in  which  the 

4o2 


artery  seems  full  and  very  soft,  as  if  it 
were  filled  with  air. 

4.  Hard  Pulse.  One  which  does  not 
yield  under  the  firm  pressure  of  the 
finger. 

5.  Intermittent  Pulse.  One  in  which 
the  pulsation  every  now  and  then  fails, 
or  seems  altogether  wanting ; a common 
symptom  in  diseases  of  the  heart,  though 
not  unfrequently  resulting  from  the  de- 
rangement of  the  nervous  system,  caused 
by  dyspepsia. 

6.  Jerking  Pulse.  One  in  which  the 
artery  seems  to  strike  the  finger  with  a 
sudden  start,  or  jerk. 

7.  Quick  Pulse.  One  which  has  a 
quick  or  sudden  beat,  though  the  inter- 
val between  the  beats  may  be  of  usual 
length. 

8.  Small  Pulse.  One  in  which  the 
pulsations  are  both  slender  and  weak. 

9.  Tense  Pulse.  [From  ten'sus , 
“stretched.”]  One  in  which  the  artery 
seems  stretched  or  filled  to  its  utmost 
capacity.  It  resembles  a hard  pulse, 
but  is  more  elastic. 

10.  Wiry  Pulse.  One  resembling  the 
filiform  pulse,  with  this  difference,  that 
it  is  very  hard,  as  well  as  narrow. 

Thready,  or  Tiiread-like,  Pulse. 
See  Filiform  Pulse. 

The  significations  of  most  of  the  other 
terms  applied  to  the  pulse  (such  as  bound- 
ing, feeble,  frequent,  full,  jarring  or  vi- 
brating, languid,  soft,  tremulous,  etc.)  seem 
so  simple  and  obvious  as  to  require  no 
particular  explanation. 

Pul-si-le'gi-uin.*  [From  pul'sus , 
the  “pulse,”  and  IP  go,  to  “read,”  to 
“gather  the  sense  of,”  hence,  to  “esti- 
mate.”] The  same  as  Pulsimeter,  which 
see. 

Pul-sim'e-ter.  [Pwllsim'drum ; 

from  pul'sus,  the  “pulse,”  and  firpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  force  or  frequency  of  the 
heart  or  pulse. 

Pul-soin'e-trumJ  The  same  as 
Pulsimeter. 

Pul'sus  Cor'dis.*  (“  Pulse  of  the 
Heart.”)  The  impulse  of  the  heart,  or 
the  shock  communicated  by  the  apex  of 
the  heart  to  the  walls  of  the  thorax  in 
the  neighborhood  of  tho  fifth  and  sixth 
ribs.  This  must  not  be  confounded  with 
the  arterial  pulse. 

Pul-ta'ooous.  [Pulta'eeus:  from 
puls,  “pulse,”  or  “pap.”]  Of  the  nature 
of  pulse  or  pap. 

Pulv.  ==  Pul'vis*  a “powder,”  or 
Pul' veres,*  “powders.” 


PUL 


PUN 


Pnl-ve-ra'ceous.  [Pulvera'ceus ; 

from  pul'vis,  a “powder,”  or  “dust.”] 
Covered  with  powder;  dusty. 

Pul'ver-es,**  gen.  PuS  ver-wni,  the 
plural  of  Pulvis,  which  see. 

Pul'veres  Ef-  fer  - ves  - ?en  'tes.* 
(“Effervescing  Powders.”)  Soda  Pow- 
ders. Take  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  in 
fine  powder,  three  hundred  and  sixty 
grains ; tartaric  acid,  in  fine  powder, 
three  hundred  grains.  Divide  each  of 
the  powders  into  twelve  equal  parts,  and 
keep  the  parts  severally  of  the  bicarbon- 
ate and  of  the  acid  in  separate  papers  of 
different  colors. 

Pul'veres  Eflfervescen'tes  A-g>e- 
ri-en'tes.*  (“Aperient  Effervescing 
Powdersh”)  Sedlitz  Powders.  Take  of 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  in  fine  powder,  a 
troyounce;  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda, 
in  fine  powder,  three  troyounces;  tartaric 
acid,  in  fine  powder,  four  hundred  and 
twenty  grains.  Mix  intimately  the  bicar- 
bonate of  soda  with  the  tartrate  of  po- 
tassa and  soda,  and  divide  this  mixture 
into  twelve  equal  parts.  Then  divide  the 
tartaric  acid  into  the  same  number  of 
equal  parts.  Lastly,  keep  the  parts  seve- 
rally of  the  mixture  and  of  the  acid  in 
separate  papers  of  different  colors. 

Pnl-ver'u-lent.  [Pulverulen'tus; 
from  pul'vis,  “powder,”  or  “dust.”] 
Covered  with  dust;  dusty;  powdery. 

Pul-vi'nar.*  A pillow,  or  cushion ; 
hence,  pulvi'nar  (or  c ervica'le)  lu'puli , a 
pillow  of  hops,  employed  for  its  soothing 
effects  in  mania  and  other  diseases. 

Pul'vX-nat-ed.  [Pulvina'tus;  from 
pulvi'nus , a “cushion,”  or  “pillow.”] 
Having  or  resembling  a cushion,  or  pil- 
low ; cushioned. 

Pul- vin'I-form.  [Pul  vinifor 'mis ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  the  form  of  a 
cushion, — i.e.  more  or  less  hemispherical, 
and  somewhat  stuffed  out. 

Pul  vis,*  gen.  Pul'ver-is.  (Fr. 
Poudre , poodn.)  A powder  formed  of 
any  medicinal  substance  or  substances. 

Pul'vis  Al'o-es  et  Ca-nel'lse.* 
(“Powder  of  Aloes  and  Canella.”)  Take 
of  Socotrine  aloes,  in  fine  powder,  twelve 
troyounces ; canella,  in  fine  powder, 
three  troyounces.  Rub  them  together 
until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed. 

Pul'vis  An-ti-mo-ni-a'lis*  (“Anti- 
monial  Powder”),  or  Pul'vis  An-tl- 
mo'nf-i  €om-pos 'l-tus*  (“  Compound 
Powder  of  Antimony”).  A preparation 
composed  of  the  peroxide  of  antimony 
and  phosphate  of  lime.  It  is  employed 
as  a diaphoretic,  and  is  intended  as  a 
39 


substitute  for  James’s  Powder,  which  is 
similar  in  composition. 

Pul'vis  A r-o-mat'I-cus.*  (“Aro- 
matic Powder.”)  Take  of  cinnamon,  in 
fine  powder,  ginger,  in  fine  powder, 
each  two  troyounces;  cardamom,  de- 
prived of  the  capsules  and  in  fine  pow- 
der, nutmeg,  in  fine  powder,  each  a troy- 
ounce. Rub  them  together  until  they 
are  thoroughly  mixed. 

Pul'vis  Ip-e-cac-u-an'h»  Com- 
pos'i-lus*  (“Compound  Powder  of  Ipe- 
cacuanha”), Pul'vis  Ipecaeuan'fcze 
et  O'pl-i,*  1850  (“Powder  of  Ipecacu- 
anha and  Opium”),  commonly  known  as 
“Dover's  Powder.”  Take  of  ipecacu- 
anha, in  fine  powder,  opium,  dried  and 
in  fine  powder,  each  sixty  grains;  sul- 
phate of  potassa,  a troyounce.  Rub  them 
together  into  a very  fine  powder. 

Pul'vis  Ja-Ia  pat  Corn -j  ms 'I-t us.* 
(“  Compound  Powder  of  Jalap.”)  Take 
of  jalap,  in  fine  powder,  a troyounce; 
bitartrate  of  potassa,  in  fine  powder, 
two  troyounces.  Rub  them  together 
until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed. 

Pul'vis  RBne'i  €om-p«s'I-tus.* 
(“Compound  Powder  of  Rhubarb.”) 
Take  of  rhubarb,  in  fine  powder,  four 
troyounces ; magnesia, twelve  troyounces ; 
ginger,  in  fine  powder,  two  troyounces. 
Rub  them  together  until  they  are  tho- 
roughly mixed. 

Paam'Ice,  orpu'miss.  \Prom  pu'mex, 
pu'micis,  a “pumice-stone.”]  A porous 
volcanic  product,  consisting  chiefly  of 
silica  and  alumina. 

Pu'nni-d-form.  [Pumicifor'mis ; 

from  the  same.]  Resembling  pumice- 
stone. 

Pu-mi-co'sus.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  or  resembling  pumice-stone: 
pu'micose. 

Punc'ta,*  the  plural  of  Punctum, 
which  see. 

Punc'ta  EacIh-ry-ma'Si-a.*  (“  Lach- 
rymal Points.”)  Two  small  orifices  at 
the  edges  of  the  eyelids  near  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

Pwnc'tate.  [Pwncta'tus ; from 

punc'to,  pun  eta' turn , to  “point,”  or 
“prick.”]  Dotted  as  if  with  punctures; 
punctured. 

Pune 'turn,*  plural  Punc'ta.  [From 
pun’ go,  pnnc'tum,  to  “prick.”]  A point. 
In  Geometry,  that  which  has  position 
but  not  magnitude.  See  Stitch. 

Pnnc'tum  Au're-um*  (“Golden 
Point”),  called  also  Mac 'u -la  Ru'te-a- 
(“Yellow  Spot”).  A small,  orange- 
colored  spot  on  the  internal  surface  of 
45§ 


PUN 


PUT 


the  retina  and  in  the  direction  of  the 
axis  of  the  eye;  termed  also  the  Spot 
of  Soemmering. 

Pune'tmii  fJae'cwm.*  (“Blind 
Point  or  Spot.”)  A spot  in  the  centre 
of  the  retina  where  the  central  artery 
enters  the  eye.  A ray  of  light  falling  on 
this  point  is  not  perceived.  Also  termed 
Porus  Opticus. 

Punctual  Sa'H-ens.*  (“Starting 
or  Springing  Point.”)  A name  given 
by  some  writers  to  the  firtt  pulsations  of 
the  heart  in  the  embryo  ; but,  according 
to  others,  the  first  moving  point  that  ap- 
pears after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ. 

Pu'nl-ca.^  [From  Pu'nicus,  “belong- 
ing to  Carthage,  or  Northern  Africa.”] 
A Linnrean  genus  of  the  class  Icosan- 
dria,  natural  order  Myrtncete. 

Pu'nicn  €ira-na'tuiii.$  The  pome- 
granate-tree, the  flowers  of  which,  termed 
balaustine  flowers,  are  used  medicinally 
as  astringents. 

Pu  pa.^  [From pit' pus,  a “puppet.”] 
The  second  condition  of  the  metamor- 
phosis of  insects;  the  chrysalis. 

Pti'pil.  [Pnpil'la;  from  pu'pa,  a 
“girl,”  “baby,”  or  “doll.”]  Tne  round 
black  opening  in  the  centre  of  the  iris. 

Pu'piMa-ry  Mem  brane.  [Mem- 
bra'na  Pupilla  ris.]  See  Velum  Pu- 

PILLA5. 

Pu-pip'a^rus.~  [From  pu'pa,  a 
“chrysalis,”  and  pa'rio , to  “ bring  forth.”] 
Pupip'arous;  bringing  forth  in  the  pupa 
state.  Applied  in  the  plural  feminine  (Pu- 
pip'arse)  to  a family  of  dipterous  insects. 

Pup  Ivor  imis.  See  Pupivorus. 

Pu-piv'o-rus.*'  [From  pu'pa,  a 
“chrysalis,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”] 
Pupiv'orous;  ^^>«-devouring.  Applied 
in  the  neuter  plural  ( Pupiv'ora ) to  a 
family  of  hymenopterous  insects. 

Pu-poph's^gus.*  [From  pu'pa,  and 

yw,  to  “eat.”]  The  same  as  Pupivo- 
rus. 

Pur^fatif.  See  Purgative. 

Pur-ga'tion.  [Purga/ti©,  o 'mm; 
from  pur' <jo,  purged  turn,  to  “cleanse,”  to 
“purge.”]  A purging,  or  evacuating,  of 
the  bowels. 

Pur'gra-tave.  [Purgnti'vns;  from 
the  same.]  (Fr.  Puryatif,  piiR'gi’tef'.) 
Causing  purgation  ; increasing  the  alvine 
excretions. 

Pur'&isig;.  [Pur'gans;  from  the 
same  ] Having  the  power  of  evacuating 
the  bowels,  etc. 

Pur'gin;;’  Flax.  The  common  name 
for  the  Linnm  catharticnm. 

Pu'rl-form.  [Purifor'mis ; from  I 
461 


pus,  pu'ris,  “matter  issuing  from  a sore.”] 
Resembling  pus. 

Piir'pu-ra.*  [From  rop^vpa,  “'pur- 
ple.”] (Fr.  Pourpre,  pooRpR.)  A pur- 
ple color.  Also,  a genus  of  univalve 
shellfish  which  secretes  a purple  dye.  In 
Pathology,  a disease  in  which  there  are 
small  distinct  purple  specks  and  patches, 
with  general  debility,  but  not  always 
with  fever. 

Purpura  H.vtii-or-rtiagi-ca.* 

Malignant  petechial  fever. 

Pnr'pu-rafe-  [Par'paras,  »'//«.] 
A combination  of  purpuric  acid  with  a 
salifiable  base. 

Pur-pu'ric.  [PnrjMi'ricas;  from 
pur' pur  a,  “purple.”]  Belonging  to 
purple.  Applied  to  an  acid  of  a purple 
color  obtained  from  calculi  and  other 
animal  excretions. 

Ph  r-jwi ' ri-fers.  [Pie  rp  w r if  era  ; 

from  pur'pura,  “purple,”  and  fc'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  The  name  of  a family  of  Gas- 
teropodous  Mollusks  including  those  spe- 
cies belonging  to  the  genus  Jlure.r,  which 
secrete  the  purple  substance  forming  the 
celebrated  Tyrian  dye  of  the  ancients. 

Pur'pn-rin,  or  Pur  pu-rinc. 
[Piirpuri'na;  from  pur'pura,  “pur- 
ple.”] A substance  prepared  by  boiling 
madder-root  acted  on  by  sulphuric  acid 
with  water  and  alum,  and  colIec*ing  the 
precipitate.  Also  found  in  urine. 

Pur' roe.  [From  m/pdf,  “yellowish 
red  ”?]  A beautiful  yellow  pigment, 
brought  from  India.  It  is  adapted  for 
oil  or  water-color  painting,  and  is  known 
by  the  name  of  Indian  3Tellow  (Fr.  Jennie 
Indian,  zhdn  aa^'de-aN0'). 

Pu'ru-lent.  [Purulen'tus.]  Con- 
sisting of  pus;  of  the  nature  of  pus. 

Pus,**  gen.  Pu'ris.  [Gr.r'o:'.]  A 
bland,  cream -like  fluid  found  in  abscesses, 
or  on  the  surface  of  sores  ; matter. 

Push.  A pustule;  an  inflammatory 
swelling  which  differs  from  a boil  in  con- 
taining uniform  and  mature  pus. 

Pus'tu-Iatc.  [Pusfula'tcis : from 
pin' tula,  a “ pustule.”]  Having  pustules ; 
blistered. 

Pws'tnle.  [Pus'tula;  diminutive 
of  />«*.]  A small  globate  or  c moidal 
elevation  of  the  cuticle,  containing  pus, 
or  lymph. 

Pu-ta'nien,**  gen.  Pai-lata's-nas. 

Originally,  tho  “shell  of  a nut.”  In 
Botany,  the  stone  of  a drupe,  e.j.  a peach- 
stone,  a plum-stone.  Synonymous  with 
Exdocarp. 

Pii-ta-inin'e-us.*  [From  pula'men .] 
Belonging  to  a shell,  or  putauicn. 


PUT 


PYR 


Pji-tre-fac'lion.  [Pntrofac'tSo, 

o'nis  ; from  jm'tris,  “rotten,”  and  Ji'o , 
fac'tus , to  “become.”]  The  spontaneous 
decomposition  of  animal  or  vegetable 
matters;  the  process  of  putrefying;  rot- 
tenness. 

Pu-tr£s'£ence.  [Putrescen'tia ; 

from  put  res' co , to  “rot.”]  A state  of 
rottenness  or  putridity. 

Putrid  Fevor.  See  Typhus. 

Py-se'ml-a,*  or  Py-o-hsc'mf-a.‘$ 
[From  ttvov,  “pus,”  and  alua,  “blood.”] 
Purulent  blood,  or  a state  of  the  blood 
in  which  pus  globules  are  found  floating 
among  the  proper  blood  disks. 

Py-«em'ic,  or  Py»em'ic.  [Pysem'- 
icus.]  Relating  to  pyennia. 

Py-au-la-co-me'le.*  [From  ttvov, 
“pus,”  and  aula  come' le , a “grooved 
probe.”]  A grooved  probe  for  searching 
for  matter  or  pus. 

Pyc-no-car'pus.*  [From  nvKvog, 
“thick,”  and  Kaprrog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
thick,  swollen  fruit. 

Pyc-i»o-£epli'a-liiis.*  [From  n vtcvdg, 
“thick,”  and  K£(pa\ri , the  “head.”]  Col- 
lected together  in  thick  heads.  Applied 
to  flowers. 

Pyc-no-sta'-eUny-MS.*  [From  ttvk- 
vog,  “thick,”  and  oraxvg,  an  “ear,”  or 
“spike.”]  Having  flowers  disposed  in 
large  spikes. 

Py-e-Bi'tfis,  i disJ*  [From  -rrve\o;,  a 
“trough.”]  Inflammation  of  the  pelvis 
(or  sinus)  of  the  kidney. 

Pyemia,  Pyemic.  See  Py.emia, 
Py^emic. 

Pyesis.  See  Pyosis. 

Py'i*cns.;!5  [From  ttvov,  “ pus.”]  Of 
or  belonging  to  pus  ; py'ic. 

Py'in.  [Pyi'ua;  from  the  same.] 
A constituent  principle  of  pus. 

Py-lor'ic.  [Pylor'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  pylorus. 

Pyl-o-rid'e-us.*  [From  Tn\wp6g,  the 
“ pylorus.”]  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( Pylorid'ea ) by  Blainville  to  a family  of 
Mollusks  having  a shell  gaping  at  the 
two  ends. 

Py-lo'rus.*  [From  nvhi,  a “gate,” 
or  “ entrance,”  and  ovpog,  a “ guard,”  or 
“ keeper.”]  Sometimes  called  also  Jan  i- 
tor* [from  jctn'ua,  a “gate”].  Literal 
signification  of  both  terms  being  “ gate- 
keeper.” The  inferior  aperture  of  the 
stomach,  at  the  commencement  of  the 
duodenum. 

Py-o-bleu'nic.  [Pyoblesi'iaicus; 

from  ttvov,  “pus,”  and  B\ivva,  “mucus.”] 
The  same  as  Muco-Purulent. 

Py-o-blen-nor-rSioe'a.*  [From 


ttvov , “pus,”  (1\evva,  “mucus,”  and  pew,  to 
“flow.”]  A flow  of  purulent  mucus. 

Py-o-^en 'e-sis.*  [From  ttvov,  “.pus,” 
and  yeveoig,  “ production.”]  The  secre- 
tion or  formation  of  pus. 

Py*«‘Se-net'ic.  [Pyojfonct'iciis.] 
Pertaining  to pyoyenesis.  Also,  the  same 
as  Pyogenic. 

Py-o-gen'ic.  [Pyogren'icus ; from 
ttvov,  “pus,”  and  yevvdw,  to  “produce.”] 
Producing  or  secreting  pus. 

Pyoluemia.  See  Pyaemia. 

Py-o-i'defc.*  [From  tcvov,  “ pus,”  and 
cifog,  a “form.”]  Resembling  pus  : py'oid. 

Py-o-me'le.'*  [From  ttvov,  “pus,” 
and  /4/7X77,  a “ probe.”]  The  same  as  Py- 
aulacomele,  which  see. 

Py-o-poi-e'sis.-  [From  ttvov,  “ pus,” 
and  7 To  ew,  to  “ make.”]  The  same  as 
Pyogenesis,  whi(  h see. 

Py-o'sis.*  [Gr.  Trvwotg.]  The  pro- 
gress or  formation  of  pus.  Nearly  the 
same  as  Pyogenesis  and  Pyesis. 

Pyr'a-mid.  [Lat.  Py  r'amis, m'idis; 
Gr.  nvpapig.]  A solid  contained  by  a tri- 
angular, square,  or  polygonal  base,  and 
other  planes  meeting  in  a point  which  is 
called  the  vertex.  The  planes  which 
meet  in  the  vertex  are  called  the  sides, 
which  are  necessarily  all  triangles.  Pyr- 
amids are  triangular,  quadrangular,  pen- 
tagonal, etc.,  according  as  the  base  is  a 
triangle,  a square,  a pentagon,  etc.  Ap- 
plied in  Anatomy  to  a small  bony  pro- 
jection in  the  cavity  of  t)ie  tympanum. 

Py-ram  i-dal.  [Pyramida'lis.] 
Relating  to  a pyramid,  or  formed  like  a 
pyramid. 

Pyram  idal  Skull.  Under  this 
name,  Hr.  Prichard  describes  that  form 
of  the  skull  which  Blumenbach  terms 
Mongolian,  and  which  is  most  charac- 
teristically seen  in  the  Esquimaux. 

Py- r am -s-da ' lis  * (“  Pyramidal”), 
otherwise  termed  Pyramitla'lis  Ab- 
dom'i-nis.*  A muscle  arising  from 
the  pubes,  and  inserted  into  the  linen 
albn,  nearly  half-way  between  the  pubes 
and  umbilicus.  It  assists  the  rectus. 

Pyramidalis  Femoris.  See  Pyr- 
iformis. 

Pyramida'lis  Na'si.*  (“  Pyramidal 
[Muscle]  of  the  Nose.”)  A slip  of  the 
occipito-f rontal is  muscle  which  goes 
down  over  the  nasal  bones  and  is  fixed 
to  the  compressor  nasi. 

Py-rasn  i-d«i(S.  [Py ramidoi  des ; 
from  py  r'amis,  a “pyramid,”  and  eitog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a pyramid. 

Py-rec'tl-ca.*  [From  n-vpacriKog,  “fe- 
verish,” or  “having  fever.”]  The  name 
455 


PYR 


PYR 


of  an  order  in  Good’s  Nosology,  com- 
prising fevers  of  every  kind. 

Pjfr'e- thrum.*  Pellitory.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root 
of  the  Anacyclus  Py  rethrum . 

Pjf-ret'ic.  [Pyret'icus:  from  ttu- 
perog,  “fever.”]  Relating  to  fever;  fe- 
brile. 

Pyr-e-to-ge-ne'sl-a,*  or  Pyr-e-to- 

gen'e-sis.*  [From  -vperog,  “fever,”  and 
ysi/ejis,  “generation.”]  The  origin  and 
formation  of  fever. 

Pyr-e-tog'ra-phy.  [Pyretogra'- 
pliia;  from  i T'perog,  “fever,”  and  ypatpw, 
to  “ write.”]  A history  or  description  of 
fever. 

Pyr-e-tol'o-gy.  [Pyretolo'gia: 

from  nvpsTdg,  “fever,”  and  Xoyo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  fevers.  Also, 
the  doctrine  or  science  of  fevers,  their 
nature,  causes,  and  distinctive  charac- 
ters. 

Py-rex'i-a,*  plural  Py-rex'i-ae. 

[From  nvpi<ra(x),  future  7ry/>i£o>,  to  “be  fever- 
ish,” to  “ have  a fever.”]  The  state  of 
fever.  (See  Fever.)  In  the  plural,  febrile 
diseases:  a class  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Py-rex'i-al.  [Pyrexia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  pyrexia;  febrile. 

Py-rif 'er-us.*  [From  py’rum , a 
“pear,”  and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing 
fruits  in  form  of  the  pear : pyriferous. 
Applied  as  a specific  name  to  certain 
plants. 

Pyr'l-form,  or  Py'ri-form.  [Pyri- 

for'mis;  from  py’rum,  a “pear.”]  Re- 
sembling a pear  in  shape. 

Py r-I-f>jr ' inis.-f  (“  Pear-shaped  [Mus- 
cle].”) A muscle  arising  from  the  hol- 
low of  the  sacrum,  and  inserted  into 
the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  trochanter 
major.  It  moves  the  thigh.  It  is  also 
called  Pyramida’lis,  or  Pyramida'lis 
Fern’ oris. 

Py-ri'tes,*  or  pir'i-tez.  [From  nvp, 
“fire.”]  Native  compounds  of  metals 
with  sulphur,  as  iron  pyrites,  etc. 

Pyr-i-tif  er-ous.  [Pyritiff'eras ; 

from pyri'tes , and  fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Con- 
taining pyrites. 

Py  r-i-tol'o-gy.  [Pyritolo'gia ; 

from  nnpirrig,  “ pyrites,”  and  Myo;,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  pyrites;  that 
part  of  Mineralogy  which  treats  of  the 
various  kinds  of  pyrites. 

Pyr'o-gen.  [Pyroge'niunm ; from 

Trwp,  “fire,”  and  yewato,  to  “produce.”] 
Literally,  “producing  fire.”  A term  ap- 
plied to  the  electric  fluid. 

Pyr-o-ge-ue'sl-a,*  or  Pyr-o-geu'e- 

[From  niip , “fire,”  and  ykvang, 
456 


“generation.”]  The  generation  or  pro- 
duction of  fire. 

Pyr-o-ge-net'ic.  [Pyrogenet'- 
icus.]  Belonging  to  pyrogenesiu  ; gene- 
rating fire. 

P5rr-o-ge'ne-us.*  [From  irvp,  “fire,” 
and  yii/cj,  to  “ be  born,”  to  “ be  produced.”] 
Produced  by  fire,  or  heat:  pyroge'neous. 

Py-rog  e-nous.  [Pyrog'enus;  from 
the  same.]  Igneous ; produced  by  fire. 
Applied  to  a class  of  rocks  comprehend- 
ing the  volcanic  and  igneous  strata. 

Pyr'o-la.*  [From  py' rus,  a “pear.”] 
A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Decandria , 
natural  order  Pyrolacese.  Also,  the  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  (Ed.  Ph.)  of  the  Chi- 
maph'ila  umbella’ta , formerly  Pyr'ola  um- 
bella’ta. 

Pyr'ola  ITm-bel-la'Ly.*  A former 
name  for  the  Chimaphila  umbellata , or 
American  winter-green. 

Pyrolaceav*  pir-o-la'she-e.  [From 
Pyr’ola , one  of  the  genera.]  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants,  mostly 
herbaceous,  natives  of  Europe,  North 
America,  and  Asia.  It  includes  the 
Chimaph' ila  (Winter-green)  and  other 
tonics. 

Pyr-o-la'ceous.  [Pyrola'ceus.] 

Belonging  to,  or  resembling,  the  genus 
Pyrola. 

Py r-o-llg'ne-ous.  [Pyrolig'neus ; 

from  ttvp,  “ fire,”  and  lig'neus,  “of  wood.”] 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  by  the  de- 
structive distillation  of  wood. 

Pyrolig'neous  A^'id.  [A?'idiiin 
Pyrolig'neuui.]  An  acid  obtained 
from  the  destructive  distillation  of  wood. 
It  consists  of  acetic  acid  mixed  with 
empyreumatic  oil  and  bitumen. 

Pyrolig'neous  Spir'it,  called  also 
Pyr-ox-yl'ic  Spir'it.  A substance  pro- 
duced during  the  distillation  of  wood.  It 
is  more  volatile  than  alcohol,  but  burns 
very  well  in  a spirit-lamp,  and  is  com- 
paratively cheap. — (Hoblyn.) 

Py-rol'o-gy.  [Pyrolo'gia;  from 
nvp,  “fire,”  and  Xoyo;,  a “discourse.”]  A 
treatise  on  heat;  the  doctrine  or  theory 
of  fire  or  heat;  that  branch  of  science 
which  treats  of  heat. 

Pyr-o-ma'nI-a.*  [From  nvp}  “fire,” 
and  pai’ia,  “madness.”]  A form  of  in- 
sanity in  which  thoso  affected  have  a 
propensity  to  set  houses  on  fire. 

Py-rom'e-ter.  [Pyrom'otruin ; 
from  niip,  “ fire,”  and  /xsrpo^,  a “ measure.”] 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  those 
higher  degrees  of  heat  to  which  the 
thermometer  cannot  be  applied. 

Py-roph'o-rus.*  (From  niip,  “fire.” 


PYR 


QUA 


and  0cpco,  to  "bear,”  to  “produce.”]  An 
artificial  substance  which  takes  fire  or 
burns  on  exposure  to  the  air;  also,  an 
instrument  for  striking  fire  or  light. 

Pyr-o-sco'pi-unn.*  [From  rr  up, “fire,” 
and  okoxzu),  to  “examine.”]  The  same 
as  Pyrometer,  which  see. 

Py-ro'sis.*  [From  wpoco,  to  “burn.”] 
Water-brash;  a disease  characterized  by 
pain  in  the  stomach,  with  copious  eruc- 
tation of  a watery,  insipid  fluid;  it  is  a 
form  of  Cardialgia.  A genus  of  the 
order  Spasmi,  class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Pyr-os-phy'ra.®  [From  n up,  “fire,” 
and  oipvoa,  a “ hammer.”]  An  instrument 
formed  like  a hammer,  heated  or  plunged 
into  hot  water,  and  employed  as  a cau- 
tery to  produce  irritation  or  vesication. 

Pyro-tech-ny.  [Pyrotech'nia ; 
from  7 rup,  “fire,”  and  Tt\vr],  “art.”]  The 
art  or  science  of  making  fireworks. 

Py-rot'ic.  [Pyrot'icos,  or  Pyrot'- 
icus;  from  7 rupoco,  to  “burn.”]  Having 
power  to  burn  ; caustic. 

Pyr-ox-yl'ic.  [Pyroxyl'icus : from 
7 rup,  “fire,”  and  %v\ov,  “ wood.”]  Applied 
to  acetic  spirit,  because  obtained  in  the 
distillation  of  wood.  See  Pyroligneous 
Spirit. 


Q.  P.  = Quan'tum  pla'cet .*  “As 
much  as  you  please,”  or  “as  much  as  is 
thought  fit.” 

Q.  Q.  II..  or  Quaq.  Quart.  Ilor.  = 

Qua’ (pie  quar'ta  ho'rd .*  “ Every  four 

hours.” 

Q.  §>.  = Quan'tum  suf'jicit .**  “ As 

much  as  will  suffice.” 

Quaclt'e-ry.  “Mean  or  bad  acts  in 
physic,”  comprehending  not  only  the 
absurd  impostures  of  ignorant  pretenders, 
but  also  unbecoming  acts  of  professional 
men  themselves. 

Quad-ran'gri-Iar.  [From  qua'tuor, 
“four,”  and  an'gulus,  an  “angle.”]  Hav- 
ing four  angles. 

Quadrant.  [Quad'rams;  from 
qua'tuor,  “four.”]  Literally,  the  “fourth 
part  of  any  thing;”  usually  the  fourth 
part  of  a circle,  or  ninety  degrees.  Ap- 
plied to  an  instrument  of  great  use  in 
practical  geometry. 

Quad  rant  E-lec-trom'e-ter.  An 
instrument  for  estimating  the  degree  or 
•Intensity  of  electricity.  The  differences 
of  electric  intensity  are  denoted  by  an 
39* 


Py-rox'y-Iin,  or  Py-rox'y-lino. 
[Pyroxyli'na ; from  the  same.]  A 
term  applied  to  gun-cotton,  or  other  sub- 
stances similarly  produced. 

Py-rox'y-lous.  [Pyroxy  lo'sus : 
from  the  same.]  Applied  to  an  acid  of 
less  power  than  the  pyroxylic,  obtained 
in  the  distillation  of  wood.  See  Pyro- 
ligneous. 

Pyr'rhin.  [Pyrrhi'na;  from  wpp6g, 
“ruddy.”]  Applied  to  a substance  re- 
garded as  the  chief  colorant  of  red  snow. 

Py'rus.*  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Icosandria,  natural  order  Pomacese. 

Pyrus  Aucuparia.  See  Sorbus 
Aucuparia. 

Py  rus  €om-mu'nis.*  (“Common 
Pear-Tree.”)  The  systematic  name  of 
the  pear-tree.  The  juice  of  its  fruit, 
when  fermented,  forms  perry. 

Py  rus  €y-do'nI-a.*  A former  name 
for  the  Cj/donia  vulgaris,  or  quince-tree. 

Py'rus  Ma'lus.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  apple-tree,  of  all  the  varie- 
ties of  which  the  common  crab-tree  is 
supposed  to  be  the  parent. 

Pyx-id 'I-um,*  or  Pyx'is.*  [Gr. 
7 ru£t$,  ir-^iiog,  a “box.”]  A pod  which 
opens  by  a circular  horizontal  line  cut- 
ting off*  the  upper  part  as  a lid. 


index  which  traverses  a quadrant  di- 
vided into  ninety  equal  parts  called 
degrees. 

Quadrate.  See  Quadratus. 

Quad-ra'tus.*  [From  quad'ra,  a 
“square.”]  (Fr.  Carre,  kAr;P.)  Quad- 
rate; of  a square  figure.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain muscles,  from  their  shape. 

Quadratus  Fean  o-ris.*  (“  Square 
[Muscle]  of  the  Thigh.”)  A muscle 
arising  from  the  outer  border  of  the  tube- 
rosity of  the  ischium  and  inserted  into  a 
ridge  leading  from  the  great  trochanter. 
It  moves  the  thigh  backwards. 

Quadra'tus  tpe'nse.*  (“Square 
[Muscle]  of  the  Cheek.”)  A name  given 
to  the  muscle  otherwise  called  depressor 
labii  iuferioris  and  platysma  nxyodes. 

Q 11  ad  ra ' t us  Lu  in  -bo ' r 11  in  .* 

(“Square  [Muscle]  of  the  Loins.”)  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  crest  of  the 
ilium,  and  inserted  into  the  last  rib  and 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebrae.  It  inclines  the  loins 
to  one  side. 

Quad-ri-cap'su-lar.  [Quadricap- 

457 


QUA 


sula'ris;  from  qua'tuor,  "four,”  and 
cajj'sula,  a “ capsule/']  Applied  to  a 
fruit  formed  by  the  union  of  four  cap- 
sules. 

Quad-ri-cot-y-ied'o-uous.  [^wad- 
ricotyle«lo'neus;  from  qua'tuor,  “four,” 
and  cotyle’ don.]  Applied  to  an  embryo 
with  four  cotyledons. 

Quad*ri-den  'tate.  [Qwad'ridens, 
or  Quadridenta'tus ; from  qua'tuor, 
“four,”  and  dens,  den’ tin,  a “tooth.”] 
Having  four  teeth,  or  divisions.  Applied 
to  a calyx,  petal,  etc. 

Quad-ri-fa'ri-ous.  [Quadrifa'- 
rius;  from  qua'tuor,  “four.”]  Literally, 
“ in  four  ways.”  In  Botany,  having  leaves 
disposed  in  four  vertical  ranks. 

Quad'ri-fid.  [Quadrif  'idus;  from 
qua'tuor , “four,”  and  fin' do,  to  “cleave.”] 
Divided  nearly  to  the  middle  of  its 
length  into  four  equal  portions. 

Quad-ri-fo'li-ate.  [Quadrifolia'- 
tus;  from  qua'tuor,  “four,”  and  fo'lium, 
a “ leaf.”]  Bearing  four  leaves. 

Quad-ri-fo'li-o-late.  [Quadrifo- 
liola'tus;  from  qua’tuor,  “four,”  and 
foli'olum,  a “foliole.”]  Composed  of 
four  folioles. 

Quart-ri-g’em'i-nus.*  [From  qua'- 
tuor, “ four,”  and  gem'inus,  “ double.”] 
“Four-double,”  or  consisting  of  four 
nearly  equal  parts.  See  Tubercula 
Quadrigemina. 

Quad-ad  j ' u-gate.  [Quadrij 'ngus ; 

from  qua'tuor,  “four,”  and  ju'gum,  a 
“yoke,”  or  “pair.”]  Having  four  pairs 
of  folioles. 

Quad-ri-lat'e-ral.  [Quadrilate- 
ra'lis;  from  qua'tuor,  “four,”  and  la' - 
tus,  lat’eris , a “side.”]  A plane  figure 
bounded  by  four  straight  lines;  having 
four  sides. 

Quad-i*51'o-l>ate.  [Quadriloba'* 
tus;  from  qua’tuor,  “four,”  and  loba'tus, 
“lobed.”]  Divided  into  four  lobes. 

Quad-ri-par'tite.  [Qaaadripar- 
ti'tus;  from  qua'tuor,  “ four,”  and  par- 
ti'tus,  “divided.”]  Divided  into  four 
parts. 

Quad-ri-pen'nis.*  [From  qua'tuor, 
“four,”  and  pen'na,  a “wing.”]  Having 
four  wings  : quadripen'nate.  Applied  to 
certain  insects. 

it  u ail'  ri-  vsil  ve.  [ i 1 1 a<l  v i va  I ' v i s : 

from  qua'tuor,  “four,”  and  val' rue.,  “fold- 
ing doors.  ']  Separated  into  four  valves, 
as  the  capsule  of  some  plants. 

Quad-rai'msi-iia.:*  [See  next  arti- 
cle.] The  name  of  an  order  of  Mam- 
malia, comprising  those  of  which  each 
of  the  four  extremities  is  terminated  by 
458 


QUA 

a hand,  as  the  ape,  baboon,  and  mon 
key. 

Quad-ru'ma-uous.  [Quadrii- 

manus;  from  qua'tuor , “four,”  and 
ma'nus,  the  “hand.”]  Having  four 
hands : quadru'manate. 

Qaiad'ru-ped.  [From  qua'tuor , 
“ four,”  and  pes,  a “ foot.”]  A four-footed 
animal.  The  term  is  no  longer  used  by 
zoologists  as  strictly  indicative  of  a par- 
ticular class  of  animals. 

Quad-r  u 'pe-dal.  [Quad ' rapes, 
p edis;  from  the  same.]  Having  four  feet. 

Quadrupl.  = Quadrujilica'to .*  “F  our 
times  as  much.” 

Quali-ta-tive.  [From  qual'itas, 
qualita’tis,  “quality.”]  Pertaining  to 
quality. 

Qualitative  A-nal'y-sis.  The  de- 
termination of  the  nature  of  the  com- 
ponent parts  of  a chemical  compound, 
without  reference  to  their  relative  pro- 
portions. 

Quarantine,  kwbr-an-teen'  [Quar- 
antiiia],  formerly  written  Quaran- 
taan.  [From  the  Italian  qua  ran' ta , 
“forty;”  because  it  usually  lasted  forty 
days.]  (Fr.  Quarantaine , k&'rbN°'ten'  or 
k&'rbNo'tAn'.)  The  period  during  which 
vessels  from  infected  or  suspected  ports 
are  debarred  from  entering  into  a healthy 
one,  and  from  landing  their  goods,  crew, 
or  passengers,  unless  to  be  confined  in  a 
lazaretto. 

Quartan.  [Quartaiius ; from 
quar’tus,  the  “fourth.”]  Occurring  every 
fourth  day. 

Quar  tan  A'g-ue.  An  intermittent 
fever  the  paroxysms  of  which  recur 
every  fourth  day,  leaving  between  them 
an  interval  of  two  days. 

Quar'tine.  [Quart  i'na;  from 
quar'tus , the  “fourth.”]  The  fourth  en- 
velope of  the  ovule  of  plants. 

Quartz.  [Ger.  Quarz.]  Pure  silex ; 
a constituent  of  granite.  Rock  crystal  is 
crystallized  quartz. 

Quart'zose.  Relating  to,  resembling, 
or  containing  quartz  ; quartzous. 

Quassia,  * kwosh'c-a.  The  Pharina- 
copoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  wood  of 
the  Simaru'ba  exccfsa,  or  of  the  Picrse 
na  excel'sa  (or  Quassia  exr.eha),  accord- 
ing to  the  British  Pharmacopoeia.  Quassia 
has,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  pro- 
perties of  the  simple  or  pure  bitters.  As 
a tonic,  it  increases  the  powers  of  the 
digestive  organs,  whh  little  excitement 
to  the  circulatory  system. 

Quassia  A-ma'ra.*  A tree  from 
which  quassia  wood  is  obtained. 


QUA 


QUI 


Quassia  Ex-cel 'sa.*  One  of  the 

trees  from  which  quassia  wood  is  ob- 
tained. 

Quas'sin.  [Qimsi'na.]  A peculiar 
vegetable  principle  obtained  from  quas- 
sia wood,  on  which  the  virtues  of  the 
latter  are  supposed  to  depend. 

Qiia^ter'iia^r5r.  [Quatema'rius ; 
from  qnater'ni , “four  by  four.”]  Dis- 
posed in  fours;  consisting  of  four.  In 
Botany,  the  same  as  Tetrasierous, 
which  sec. 

Qu;jhter'nate.  [Quaterna'tus; 

from  the  same.]  Applied  to  verticillate 
leaves  arranged  four  by  four. 

Qua^ter-ni-fo'll-us.*  [From  qua- 
ter'niy  “four  by  four,”  and  fo'lium,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  quaternate  leaves: 
quaternifo'liate. 

Quer-cit'run.  [From  quer'cn s,  an 
“oak.”]  The  bark  of  Quercus  tinctoria , 
or  Quercus  nigra,  black  oak,  or  dyer’s 
oak.  It  yields  a valuable  yellow  color- 
ing matter,  called  quercitrin  and  qner- 
citric  or  quercitronic  acid. 

Quer'cus.*  (Fr.  Chene,  shen  or 
sh&n.)  A Linnasan  genus  of  the  class 
Monoecia,  natural  order  Cupuliferx.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopoeia!  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for 
the  dried  bark  of  the  small  branches  and 
young  stems  of  the  Quercus  qiedunculata 
(or  Quercus  robur). 

Quer  cus  Al'foa.*  White-oak  bark. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  bark  of  the  Quercus  alba.  It  is  as- 
tringent and  tonic,  and  has  sometimes 
proved  very  beneficial  in  the  treatment 
of  intermittents. 

Quer'eus  Cer'ris.*  Another  name 
for  the  Quercus  Ixfeotoria,  which  see. 

Quercias  Coccifera.  See  Kermes, 
Animal. 

Quer'cusln-fee-to'ri-a.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  which  yields 
the  gall-nuts  of  commerce. 

Quer'cns  Xi'grra.*  The  same  as 
Quercus  tinctoria. 

Quercus  Fe-dun-cu-la'ta.*  A 

name  for  the  Quercus  robur. 

Quer'cus  Robur.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  most  valuable  British  oak- 
tree.  A decoction  of  the  acorns  is  re- 
puted efficacious  against  dysentery  and 
colic.  Also  called  Quer’ cus  peduncula' ta. 

Quer'cus  Su'ber.*  The  Cork  Oak. 
A tree  growing  in  Southern  Europe,  the 
bark  of  which  constitufes  the  spongy, 
semi-elastic  substance  known  in  com- 
merce as  cork. 

Quer'cus  Tinc-to'ri-a.*  Black-oak 
*)ark.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 


Ph.)  for  the  bark  of  the  Quercus  tincto- 
ria. Its  medical  properties  are  similar 
to  those  of  the  bark  of  the  Quercus  alba , 
but  it  is  more  apt  to  irritate  the  bowels. 

Quick 'lime.  [Calx  Yi'vum.]  Un- 
slacked, or  unquenched,  lime. 

Quicksilver.  See  Hydrargyrum, 
and  Mercury. 

Quina.  See  Quinine. 

Quina  do  fiaiijto.  kee'n&  do  k&m'po. 
(“Cinchona  of  the  Plain.”)  The  bark 
of  Stryclinos  jjseudo-quina,  used  in  Brazil 
as  a substitute  for  cinchona. 

Quinaquina.  See  Cinchona. 

Qui'na-ry.  [From  qui'nus,  “five  by 
five  ”]  Consisting  of  five.  Applied  to 
leaves,  petals,  sepals,  etc.  The  same  as 
Pentamerous,  which  see. 

Quiuate.  See  Kinate. 

Qui'nate.  [Qiiinatus ; from  qui'ni, 
“five.”]  Arranged  by  fives.  Applied 
to  leaves  that  are  inserted  five  by  five 
around  the  stem,  and  to  a digitate  leaf 
with  five  leaflets. 

Quince.  [Cydo'iiiuiii.]  The  fruit 

of  Py'rus  Cydo'nia. 

Quin-cun 'cisil.  [Quincuncia'Iis ; 

from  quin'cunxJ]  Arranged  in  the  man- 
ner of  a quincunx. 

Quin  cunx.*  [From  quin'que , “five.”] 
A Latin  term  for  such  a disposition  of 
five  objects,  that  they  shall  occupy  the 
four  corners  of  a square  and  the  point 
of  intersection  of  the  diagonals  of  the 
same.  An  arrangement  of  trees  or  other 
objects  in  rows,  so  that  each  stands  oppo- 
site to  the  centre  of  the  vacant  space 
which  occurs  between  two  members  of 
the  next  row. 

Quin-dec 'a-gon.  [Quindecago'- 

niini ; from  quin'que , “ five,”  dhea,  “ten,” 
and  ycji/t'a,  an  “angle.”]  A plane  figure 
having  fifteen  sides  and  angles. 

Quin-de-eag'o-nal.  [Qnindcca- 
go  nus.]  Belonging  to  a quindecagon. 

Qu i n l-a,*  or Qui-ninc'  (Fr.  pr<  nun- 
ciation,  ke'nen');  also  called  Qui'na,* 
or  Qui-ni'na.*  One  of  the  aikaline 
proximate  principles  (the  other  being 
Cincho'nia ) in  which  the  medicinal  virtues 
of  the  Peruvian  bark  chiefly  reside. 

Quinia,  or  Quinine,  Amorphous. 
See  Quinoidine. 

Quin  i-ae  Sul'pSias.*  (“  Sulphate 
of  Quinia.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  || 
for  a substance  in  the  form  of  silky, 
very  light  crystals,  which  are  readily 
soluble  in  alcohol,  and  in  water  acidu- 
lated with  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  composed 
of  two  equivalents  of  quinia  with  one  of 
sulphuric  acid  and  eight  of  water.  Sul- 
459 


QUI 


pbate  of  quinia  appears  to  possess  essen- 
tially the  same  medical  properties  as  Pe- 
ruvian bark,  without  being  so  apt  to 
nauseate  or  oppress  the  stomach.  In 
large  doses  it  sometimes  produces  serious 
or  dangerous  cerebral  disturbance,  and 
has  occasionally  proved  fatal. 

Quin'iae  Va-le-ri-a'nas.^'  (“Vale- 
rianate of  Quinine.”)  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  (U.S.  Ph  ) for  a salt  which 
crystallizes  in  rhomboidal  tables,  and 
has  a peculiar  repulsive  odor  and  bitter 
taste.  It  seems  to  combine  the  properties 
of  quinia  with  those  of  valerian. 

Quinine.  See  Quinia. 

Quin'ie.  [Quin'ieus.]  Applied  to 
salts  that  have  quinine  for  their  base. 

Quinic  Acad.  See  Kinic  Acid. 

Qixinicia,  kwe-nish'e-a.  See  Quinoi- 
dine. 

Quiai'i-dine.  [Quinidfia.]  An 

alkaloid  found  in  the  Cinchonas. 

Quinine,  Sulphate  of.  See  Quinine 
Sulphas. 

Quin  i-nism.  [Quininas'niiis ; 

from  quinine'.]  That  disturbance  of  the 
nervous  system  caused  by  large  doses, 
or  by  the  continued  use,  of  the  sulphate 
of  quinine. 

Quiu-al'dine.  [Quinoi'dia,  or 
Quinoicliii'ia;  from  qui'na,  “ quinine,” 
and  £iS»;,  a “form.”]  A resinous  sub- 
stance obtained  from  the  mother-liquor 
remaining  after  all  the  crystals  which 
can  be  procured  are  separated,  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  sulphate  of  quinine.  Also 
called  amorphous  quinine,  and  quinicia . 

Quiii-quan'gif'lar.  [Qiiinquan- 
gulii'ris  or  Qiiinqiiangula'tus ; 
from  quin'qne , “five,”  and  an’ galas,  an 
“ angle.”]  Having  five  angles. 

Quiu-que-tleu'tate.  [Quinquc- 
cleuta'tus;  from  quin'qne , “five,”  and 
dens,  a “ tooth.”]  Having  five  teeth  or 
serratures. 

Qiiin-que-ilig,'i-tate.  [Quinique- 
digita  tus;  from  quin'qne,  “ five,”  and 
dig’itus,  a “ finger.”]  Applied  to  a leaf 
the  petiole  of  which  terminates  in  five 
folioles. 

Quin'qup-fiil.  [Quiniqucf'idur* ; 

from  quin'qne,  “five,”  and  Jin' do,  to 
“cleave.”]  Cleft  into  five  segments. 

Quin-que-flo'rus.*  [From  quin’- 
que, “ five,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing five  flowers. 

Quin-que-fo'H-ate.  [Quiaiquefo- 
lia'tu*;  from  quin'qne,  “five,”  and fo'- 
lium,  a “ leaf.”]  Having  five  leaves. 

Quiii>que-fo'lI-o-Iate.  [Quiiiquo- 
foliolat  us  ; from  quin'que,  “five,”  and 
460 


QUI 

foli'olum , a “foliole.”]  Having  five 
leaflets. 

Quiii-quef'o-rus.*  [From  quin'- 
que,  “five,”  and  fo'ro,  to  “pierce.”] 
Having  five  holes  : quinquef 'orous. 

Quin  que- ju-gws.*  [From  quin'- 
que, “five,”  and  jn'gum,  a “yoke.”] 
Applied  to  a pinnate  leaf  the  petiole  of 
which  bears  five  pairs  of  folioles  : quin'- 
quejugate. 

Quin  que-lo-bate.  [Qumquelo- 

toa'tus;  from  quin’que,  “five,”  and  lo’ - 
bus,  a “lobe.”]  Having  five  lobes. 

Qiiin-que-loc'  u-lar.  [Quinque- 

locula'ris;  from  quin'que,  “five,”  and 
loc'ulus,  a “cell.”]  Having  five  cells. 

Quiii-qne-Bier'vis,**  or  Quin-qne- 
ner'vl-iis.*  [From  quin'que,  “five,” 
and  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”]  Applied  to  a 
leaf  having  five  longitudinal  nervures* 

Quxu-qne-par'tite.  [Quiiique- 
parti  tus;  from  quin'que,  “five,”  and 
parti' tus,  “ divided.”]  Deeply  parted  with 
five  segments.  Applied  to  a calyx, 
etc. 

Quin-qwe-plx'cate.  [Qwiuque- 

plica'tus;  from  quin’que,  “five,”  and 
plica' tus,  “plaited.”]  Having  five  plaits. 
Applied  to  parts  of  certain  plants. 

Quin-que-val'vis.*  [From  quin’- 
que, “five,”  and  val'va,  a “valve.”] 
Opening  in  five  valves:  quinquevalvate. 

Quln-quiua.*'  Another  name  for 
Cinchona,  which  see. 

Quin'sy,  formerly  Squinan'cy.  [A 
corruption  of  C yuan' che , “ sore-throat.”] 
A popular  term  for  Cynanchc  tonsillaris,  or 
Tonsillitis phleymonodes.  See  Cyn  anche. 

Quinta  Essentia  (cs-sen'she-a).  See 
Quintessence. 

Qnin'tan.  [Quinta'nus ; from 
quin' tus,  the  “fifth.”]  A form  of  inter- 
mittent, which  recurs  every  fifth  day, 
leaving  an  interval  of  three  days  be- 
tween the  paroxysms. 

Quint-es'sence.  [Quin'ta  Essen'- 
tia.]  A term  denoting  in  alchemical 
language  the  fifth,  and  last,  or  highest, 
essence  of  any  natural  body.  It  is  now 
commonly  applied  to  any  extract  which 
contains  all  the  virtues  of  a substance  in 
a small  bulk  or  compass.  Sometimes  it 
is  used  to  designate  the  most  volati’o 
part  of  a substance,  as  being  considered 
the  most  valuable. 

Qiiin'tine.  [Qteinif  i'ma : from  the 
same.]  The  fifth  and  innermost  coat 
of  the  ovule  of  a plant. 

Quin'tu-ple.  [Quintuple* : from 
quin'que , “ five,”  and  pi?  zo,  to  “fold.’ j 
Five-fold. 


QVl 


RAD 


Qui n’t  11  -pie-nerved,  or  Qiiin  lu- 
pli-nerved.  [From  quin'tuplex,  ‘‘five- 
fold,” and  ner'v us,  a “nerve.”]  Having 
two  strong  primary  nerves  on  each  side 
of  the  midrib,  as  some  leaves. 

Quor,  = Quo' rum.*  “ Of  which.” 

Quo-tidi-an.  or  Quotidian  Fe'- 
ver.  [Fe'brisQuotidia  na;  from  quo- 


tid'ie,  “daily.”]  (Fr.  Quotidien,  ko't&’- 
de-aN<>'.)  Applied  to  a kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  in  which  the  paroxysm  returns 
every  twenty-four  hours.  A genus  of  the 
order  Fcbres,  class  Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Q.  V.  = Quoin' turn  vis * “As  much  as 
you  will.” 


R. 


R.  = Recipe :*  “ Take.” 

Ra'fol-es.*  [From  ra'bio,  to  “be 
mad,”  to  “ rage.”]  A disease  caused  by 
the  saliva  of  dogs  and  some  other  ani- 
mals being  absorbed  into  the  system 
through  a wound,  bite,  or  scratch.  In 
this  disorder  the  very  sight  of  water,  or 
any  liquid,  usually  causes  a spasm  of 
the  pharynx,  accompanied  by  a sense  of 
suffocation,  and  an  indescribable  horror, 
whence  the  name  hydrophobia  (or,  “ dread 
of  water”),  by  which  it  is  commonly 
known.  See  Hydrophobia. 

Rabies  Ca-ni'na.*  (“  Canine  Mad- 
ness.”) The  most  common  form  of  the 
disease  termed  hydrophobia;  also  called 
lyssa.  See  Hydrophobia. 

Ra'bies  Fe-li'na.*  (“  Feline  Mad- 
ness.”) A variety  of  hydrophobia  pro- 
duced by  the  bite  of  a rabid  cat.  The 
spastic  symptoms  are  said  to  be  less 
acute  than  those  of  canine  rabies,  and 
frequently  intermitting. 

Race.  [From  the  Italian  raz'za, 
which  is  probably  from  the  Latin  ra'dix, 
a “ root.”]  Races  of  men  are  permanent 
varieties  of  the  human  species,  charac- 
terized by  certain  prominent  distinctive 
traits.  Blumenbach  distinguished  the 
following  races : — 

1.  The  Caucasian  Race. — Skin  white, 
passing  into  flesh-color,  occasionally 
brownish;  hair  wavy,  of  a light  or  dark 
tint;  face  oval,  facial  angle  large,  viz. 
from  80°  to  85°  : comprising  the  Euro- 
peans (excepting  the  Laplanders  and 
Finns),  the  inhabitants  of  Western  Asia 
as  far  as  the-  Obi,  the  Ganges,  and  the 
Caspian  Sea,  and  most  of  the  tribes  of 
Northern  Africa. 

2.  Mongolian  Race. — Skin  yellow; 
hair  black,  straight,  scanty ; face  broad, 
flat;  glabella  flat  and  broad:  compris- 
ing the  Tartars  and  Chinese ; also  the 
Laplanders,  the  Finns,  the  Esquimaux 
and  Greenlanders. 

3.  American  Race. — Skin  brownish 
copper-colored ; hair  black,  straight,  and 


scanty.  It  comprises  all  the  aborigines 
of  America,  except  those  included  in  the 
preceding  variety. 

4.  Ethiopian  Race. — Skin  black,  or 
brownish  black ; hair  black,  coarse, 
short,  woolly  or  frizzly ; skull  narrow, 
long;  facial  angle  from  70°  to  75°:  in- 
cluding all  the  Africans  (excepting  those 
of  the  Caucasian  variety),  also  the  ne- 
groes of  New  Holland,  and  those  of 
Papua,  etc. 

5.  Malay  Race. — Skin  black ; hair 
black,  soft,  curling,  and  abundant;  cra- 
nium moderately  narrow : comprising 
the  brown  islanders  of  the  South  Sea, 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Sunda  Isles,  the 
Moluccas,  the  Philippine  and  Marianne 
Isles,  and  the  true  Malays  of  Malacca. 

Ra-eonne'.  [Race'imns.]  Origi- 
nally, a “cluster  of  grapes.”  In  Botany, 
a form  of  inflorescence  in  which  the  flow- 
ers, each  on  its  own  pedicel,  aro  arranged 
along  a common  peduncle  or  axis,  as  the 
currant,  hyacinth,  and  choke-cherry. 

Ra^-e-mif  'er-ocis.  [Racemif 'er- 
as ; from  race'mus , a “ cluster  of  grapes,” 
or  a “raceme,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”’] 
Bearing  racemes. 

[From  race'- 
mus, a “raceme,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  clusters  of  flowers:  racemiflo'- 
rous. 

Ra?-e-inose',  or  Ra-cemous. 
[Racemmo'siBS ; from  race'mus,  a “ ra- 
ceme.”] Bearing  or  resembling  racemes. 

Itachiagra,  RachiaSgia,  Radis- 
algitis.  See  Raiachiagra,  R,hachi- 
algia,  Riiachialgitis,  etc. 

RacMs.  See  Rhachis. 

Ra-eM'tis,  i dis*  [From  pa\is,  the 
“spine.”]  (Fr.  Rachitisme,  r&'she’tezm', 
or  Nouure,  noo'iiR'.)  Properly,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  spine,  but  usually  applied  to 
the  disease  commonly  known  as  the 
Rickets,  which  see. 

Racls.  See  Arrack. 

Rad.  — Radix*  “ Root.” 

Kadesyge  (Danish),  r&'deh-su  geh. 

461 


EAD 


RAF 


£From  Ra  de  (the  same  as  the  German 
Rdu'de),  a “scab,”  and  sycj,  “sick,”  “dis- 
eased.”] Also  termed  ^or-we'g’i-an 
Leprosy,  and  Scaii-di-na/vl-an 
Syph  i-lis.  A virulent  and  infectious 
disease,  particularly  affecting  the  skin, 
bones,  and  throat. 

Ra'di-al.  [Radia'lis;  from  ra’dius, 
a “ray.”]  Belonging  to  the  radius.  In 
Botany,  belonging  to  the  border  or  ray 
of  a head  of  flowers. 

Ra'di-ant,  or  Ra'di-ate.  [Ra'di- 
aiis,  an 'tis;  from  ra’ dio , radia'tum , to 
“ shine,”  to  “ emit  rays,”  or  to  “ radiate.”] 
Having  or  emitting  rays ; spreading  from, 
or  arranged  around,  a centre.  Applied 
to  the  corona  of  the  Compositse. 

Ra-di-a'ta.*  [From  ra'dio , radia'- 
tum, to  “ radiate.”]  A grand  division  or 
sub-kingdom  of  animals,  chiefly  marine; 
constituting  the  fourth  primary  division 
of  animals  in  the  system  of  Cuvier.  They 
are  so  called  because  they  have  their  parts 
arranged  around  an  axis,  and  on  one  or 
several  radii. 

Ra'di-at-ed.  [Radia'tus ; from 

the  same.]  Having  rays.  See  Radiant. 

Ra'di-ate-Veined,  or  Ra'di-at-ed- 
Veined.  A term  applied  to  reticulated 
leaves  in  which  three  or  more  veins 
of  nearly  equal  size  diverge  from  the 
base:  palmately  -veined. 

Ra-di-at-i-fio'rus.*  [From  ra'dius, 
a “ ray,”  and  jlos,  a “ flower.”]  Having 
radiated  flowers. 

Ra-di-a'tion.  [Radia'tio,  o'nis; 

from  ra'dius,  a “ray.”]  The  emission 
of  rays  of  light  or  heat  from  a luminous 
or  heated  body. 

Rad'i-cal.  [Radica'lis;  from  ra'- 
dix , radi'cis,  a “ root.”]  Springing  from 
a root;  relating  to  the  root;  original; 
total ; thorough.  Radical  leaves  are 

those  which  apparently  spring  from  the 
root.  As  a noun,  radical  is  used  in 
Chemistry  as  synonymous  with  a base; 
thus,  sulphur  and  phosphorus  are  the 
radicals  of  sulphuric  and  phosphorio 
acids. 

Rad'i-cant.  [Rad'lcans,  nil' tis; 
from  rad'icor,  radica’tus,  to  “ take  root.”] 
Rooting.  Applied  to  a stalk  bending 
and  taking  root  where  it  touches  the 
earth,  or  striking  root  by  fibres  which 
do  not  imbibe  nourishment;  as  the 
ivy. 

Rad-I-c*a'tion.  [Radica'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  taking  root; 
the  arrangement  of  the  roots. 

Rad'i-cel.  A diminutive  root,  or  a 
rootlet. 

m 


Ra-di'ces,*  the  plural  of  Radix, 
which  see. 

Rad-I-ci-flo'rous.  [Radiciflo'rus : 

from  ra’dix , a “foot,”  and  jlos,  a “flow- 
er.”] Having  flowers  which  grow,  or 
appear  to  grow,  from  the  root. 

Ra-di^'i-form.  [Radieifor'mis ; 

from  ra’dix,  a “root.”]  Resembling  a 
root. 

Rad'i-cle.  [Radic'ula;  diminutive 
of  ra’dix,  a “root.”]  A little  root:  a 
rad'icule.  The  part  of  the  embryo  (of  a 
plant)  which  becomes  the  root.  Also 
applied  to  a fibre  of  the  tap-root. 

Rad-i-cudi-for'iiiis.:;'  [From  ra- 
dic'ula, a “ radicle.”]  Having  the  form 
of  radicles. 

Ra-dic-u-lo'sus.*  [From  the  same.] 

Having  radicles. 

Ra'dI-i,*  the  plural  of  Radius,  which 
see. 

Ra-di'o-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  ra'- 
dius, a “ ray.”]  A probe  ; also,  a sound. 

Ra'di-ous.  [ Radio's  11  s : from  ra'- 
dio, radia'tum,  to  “send  out  rays,”  to 
“radiate.”]  Emitting  luminous  rays; 
radiant. 

Rad'isti,  Horse.  The  common  Eng- 
lish name  of  the  Cochlearia  a rmoracia. 

Ra'di-us.*  [From  puSSo;,  a “ rod,” 
“ streak,”  or  “ staff.”]  Literally,  the 
“ spoke  of  a wheel :”  hence,  a ray  of  light. 
In  Geometry,  a straight  line  drawn  from 
the  centre  to  the  circumference  of  a circle. 
In  Anatomy,  applied  to  one  of  the  bones 
of  the  forearm.  In  Botany,  the  ray  of  a 
flower.  See  Ray. 

Ra'dius  Vec'tor.*  In  Astronomy, 
an  imaginary  straight  line,  drawn  from 
the  centre  of  attraction  to  the  point  of 
an  orbit  in  which  the  body  (planet,  comet, 
or  satellite)  may  be;  for  example,  the 
line  joining  the  centre  of  the  sun  with 
the  centre  of  a planet. 

Ra'dix,* gen.  Ra^di'cis.  [From piSt^, 
a “ branch.”]  The  root,  or  the  descend- 
ing axis,  of  a plant,  or  that  portion  which 
grows  downwards,  ordinarily  fixing  the 
plant  to  the  soil,  and  absorbing  nourish- 
ment from  it.  It  is  the  principal  organ 
of  nutrition.  It  produces  no  other  or- 
gans or  parts  but  naked  branches,  which 
are  mere  repetitions  of  the  original  de- 
scending axis.  Unlike  tho  stem,  the 
root  elongates  continuously  from  its 
oxtremity  alone.  See  Tap-Root,  and 
Stem. 

RadzygN*.  See  Radesyge. 

RafHpsiaceav*  raf-fle-se-a'she-e. 
[From  Raffle’ sia,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous,  stemless, 


RAG 


RAN 


anomalous  plants  (parasites),  found  in 
the  East  Indies  on  the  stems  of  Cissi. 
The  flower  constitutes  the  whole  plant. 

Rag-e,  r&zh.  The  French  term  for 
Rabies,  which  see. 

Rain-<»auge.  See  Pluviometer. 

Rai  sin.  The  dried  fruit  of  the  Vitis 
vini/era;  also  called  Uvapassa  or  pass  ula. 

Rak.  See  Arrack. 

Rale,  r&l.  (Fr.  Haler , to  “rattle 
in  the  throat.”)  A rattle.  Applied  to 
various  kinds  of  sound  attending  the 
circulation  of  air  in  the  bronchia  and 
vesicles  of  the  lungs,  different  from  the 
murmur  produced  in  health.  Also  termed 
Hhonchus. 

Rale  Crepitant,  r&l  cn&'p&'toN®'. 
(“  Crepitating  Rattle.”)  A pathogno- 
monic sign,  common  in  severe  pneumo- 
nia. It  has  been  compared  to  the  noise 
of  butter  boiling,  or  to  that  produced  by 
particles  of  salt  thrown  on  live  coals. 

Rale  Muqueuse,  r&l  mii'kuz'. 
(“  Mucous  Rattle.”)  A sound  similar 
to  that  produced  by  blowing  through  a 
pipe  into  soapy  water ; when  very  strong, 
it  is  termed  gurgling. 

Rale  Sibilant,  dU  s£vb&ToN«'.  (“Sib- 
ilant or  Hissing  Rattle.”)  A sound 
caused  by  the  presence  of  only  a small 
quantity  of  mucus  in  the  ramifications 
of  the  bronchia.  It  has  been  compared 
to  the  sound  produced  by  suddenly  sepa- 
rating two  oiled  surfaces. 

Rale  Sonore,  dU  so'noR'.  (“Sono- 
rous Rattle.”)  A sound  like  that  of  the 
cooing  of  a dove,  or  sometimes  the  snor- 
ing of  a sleeping  man. 

Ra'me-al.  [Ramea'lis;  from  ra'~ 
mus,  a “branch.”]  Relating  to  branches, 
or  growing  on  branches. 

Rament.  See  Ramentum. 

Ra-unen'ta,*  the  plural  of  Ramen- 
tum,  which  see. 

Ram-en-ta'ccoas.  [Ramenta'- 
ceus;  from  ramen'tum , a “shaving,”  or 
a “ rament.”]  Covered  with  small,  dry, 
membranous  scales,  as  the  Erica  rameti- 
tacea. 

Ra-men'tuni,;  plural  Ra-men'ta. 

[From  ra'do,  to  “ shave,”  to  “ scrape.”] 
Any  thing  which  is  reduced,  or  rubbed 
down,  by  a file  ; filings;  raspings.  Ap- 
plied to  a species  of  pubescence,  consist- 
ing of  thin  chaffy  scales. 

Ra'me-us.s  The  same  as  Rameal, 
which  see. 

Ram-i-cor'nis.*  [From  ra’mus,  a 
“branch,”  and  cor'nu,  a “horn.”]  Hav- 
ing branched  antennas.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain insects. 


Ra-mif  er-ous.  [Rasiiif  crus  ; 

from  ra'mus,  a “ branch,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  branches. 

Ram-i-fi-ca'tion.  [Ramiflca'tio, 

o 'uis;  from  ra'mus,  a “branch,”  and 
fa'cio . to  “ make.”]  The  division  of  a 
stem  into  branches;  the  act  or  mode  of 
branching;  the  arrangement  of  branches 
in  trees. 

Ram'l-fied.  [Ramifica'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Having  branches;  divided 
into  branches ; branched. 

Ram-i-llo'rous.  [ Raitii  floras ; 

from  ra'mus,  a “ branch,”  and  jlos,  a 
“flower.”]  Having  flowers  growing  up- 
on the  branches. 

Ram'i-lorm.  [Ramitfor'mis:  from 
ra'mus,  a “branch.”]  Resembling  a 
branch. 

Ramollisscment^  dl'moT&ss'mdN«\ 
The  French  term  for  Softening,  which 
see. 

Ita-mosc',  or  Ra  mons.  [Ramo'- 

sus;  from  ra'mus,  a “branch.”]  Full 
of  branches  ; much  branched. 

Ram- ti-li-flo  r us.*  [From  ram'u - 
his,  a **  little  branch,”  and  Jlos,  a “ flow- 
er.”] Having  flowers  on  the  ramules, 
as  the  C russula  ramulijlora. 

Ramti-loso,  or  Ram'u-lous. 
[ Raima lo 'sees:  from  ram’ulus,  a “little 
-Joranch.”]  Bearing  many  branchlets. 

Rain'n-lus.$  [Diminutive  of  ra'mus , 
a “branch.”]  A little  branch:  a ra'- 
mule. 

Ra'mus,5  plural  Ra  mi.  The  bough, 
or  branch  of  a tree  or  other  body. 

Ra-mus'cu-liis.*  [Diminutive  of 
ra'mus , a “branch.”]  A little  branch 
or  division  : a ramuscule. 

Ran  cid.  [Ran'cidus;  from  ran'- 
ceo , to  “be  musty,  stale,  and  rank.”] 
Applied  to  fat,  oil,  and  any  greasy  body 
which,  by  absorbing  oxygen  from  the  air, 
has  acquired  a strong  odor  and  disagree- 
able taste. 

Ran-cid'I-ty.  [Rancid  itas,  a 'ft*/ 
from  ran'cidus,  “musty  and  stale.”]  The 
property  of  being  Rancid,  which  see. 

Ra-nine',  or  ran'In.  [Rani'nus; 
from  ra'na,  a “frog.”]  Belonging  to  the 
frog.  Applied  to  a branch  of  the  lin- 
gual artery. 

Ra-niv  o-roiis.  [Raniv'orus;  from 

ra'na,  a “frog,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “devour.”] 
Living  on  frogs.  Applied  to  certain 
birds. 

Ran'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of  ra'na,  a 
“frog:”  so  called  from  a fancied  re- 
semblance.] A fluctuating  semi-trans- 
parent tumor  under  the  tongue,  resulting 
463 


RAN 


RAT 


from  accumulated  saliva  and  mucus  in 
the  ducts  of  tne  sublingual  gland. 

Raniinetilaeeae,*  ra-nun-ku-la'- 
she-e,  or  Ra-n  un ' cu-li.*  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants,  mostly  her- 
baceous, natives  of  the  colder  parts  of 
the  world.  Acridity,  causticity,  and 
poison  are  the  general  characters  of  this 
order,  which  comprises  Aconite  (Acon'- 
itum),  Liverwort  ( Hepat’ica ),  Crowfoot 
(Rawin' cuius),  and  Clem’ atis. 

Ra-iiuo-cii-la'eeous.  [Ramincu- 
la'ceus.J  Resembling  the  ranunculus. 

Ra-iuin  'cti-li*  (Fr.  Renoncules,  reh- 
n<Wkiil'),  the  plural  of  Ranun' cuius, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  an  order 
of  plants.  See  Ranunculace^e. 

Ra-nun'cii-  lias.*  Crowfoot.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
cormus  and  herb  of  the  Ranunculus  bul- 
bosus.  It  was  formerly,  before  the  gene- 
ral introduction  of  the  Spanish  fly,  much 
used  as  a vesicatory,  but  it  is  very  un- 
certain in  its  operation. 

Ra-pa'^es,*  the  plural  of  Rapax, 
which  see. 

Ra  pax,  a' cis.%  [From  ra'pio,  to 
“ seize  or  take  by  violence."]  Raven- 
ous; rapacious.  Applied  in  the  plural 
( Rapa'ces ) to  an  order  of  birds;  also 
called  Accipitres  and  Raptores.  See  Ac- 
cipiter. 

Rape.  [From  ra’pa,  the  “ turnip."] 
The  Brassica  napus,  or  wild  navew. 

Rape.  [Rap'tus;  from  ra’pio , rap' - 
turn,  to  “take  by  violence,”  to  “ravish."] 
Applied  in  Medical  Jurisprudence  to  the 
defloration  of  a female  forcibly  and 
against  her  will,  or  of  a girl  of  tender 
age  who  has,  as  yet,  in  the  legal  sense, 
no  will. 

Rape  Oil.  An  oil  procured  from 
rapj-seed,  and  used  in  making  oint- 
ments, etc. 

Ra  - pti  a ' 11  l-a.*  [From  raph’anus, 
the  “radish."]  A disease  attended  with 
spasms  of  the  joints;  supposed  to  have 
been  caused  by  the  seeds  of  a species  of 
raphanus  mixed  with  the  grain  used  for 
food.  A genus  of  the  order  Spasm i,  class 
Neuroses , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Raph'a^nus.*  [Gr.  papaSg.]  The 
radish.  A Linnman  genus  of  plants  of 
the  class  Tctradi/namia,  natural  order 
Ceuciferse. 

Rapliniius  Rusticaiiiis.  See  Coch- 
LEARIA  ARMORACIA. 

Ra  phe,*  or  Rha'phe.*  [From  f>JL<br\, 
a “seam,"  or  “suture."]  A cord  or 
ridge  which  connects  the  hilurn  with  the 
chalaza  of  some  plants. 

464 


Ra'pheCor'po-risCal-lo'si.*  (“  Su- 
ture of  the  Callous  Body.")  A linear 
depression  along  the  middle  of  the  cor- 
pus  callosum,  between  two  slightly  ele- 
vated longitudinal  bands. 

Raphe  JPer-i-nse'i.*  (“Raphe,  or 
Suture,  of  the  Perinaeum.")  An  elevated 
line  which  runs  along  the  middle  of  the 
perinaeum  to  the  anus. 

RapBi'a-«les.*  [From  papig,  a “nee- 
dle."] The  acicular  crystals  found  in 
the  texture  of  nearly  all  plants.  They 
commonly  consist  of  oxalate  of  lime,  and 
often  of  phosphate  or  sulphate  of  lime. 

Rap'tor,  o’ris*  [From  ra'pio,  rap’ - 
turn,  to  “seize  or  take  by  violence."] 
Applied  in  the  plural  ( Rapto’rcs ) to  an 
order  of  birds;  also  called  Accipitres 
and  Rapaces.  See  Accipiter. 

Rap-to'res,*  the  plural  of  Raptor, 
which  see. 

Rap'tus.*  [From  the  same.]  A forci- 
ble seizure.  Hence  tho  terms  raptus-ner- 
vorum  (seizure  of  the  nerves),  or  cramp, 
etc. 

Rar-e-fae'tion.  [Rarefac'tio,  o'nis; 
from  ra'rus,  “thin,"  “rare,"  and  fa'cio , 
fac'tum,  to  “make."]  The  act  of  rare- 
fying or  expanding;  also,  the  state  of 
being  rarefied  or  expanded. 

Rar-i-eos'tus.*  [From  ra'rus,  “rare," 
or  “sparse,"  hence,  “few,"  and  cos’ta,  a 
“rib."]  Having  a small  number  of  ribs. 

Rar-i-tflo'rtis.*  [From  ra'rus, 

“ sparse,"  or  “ few,"  and  flos,  a “ flower."] 
Having  few  flowers. 

Rar-i-spi-no'sus.*  [From  ra'rus, 
“ few,"  and  spi’na,  a “ thorn,"  or  “ spine."] 
Having  few  spines. 

Has.  = Rasu'rse .**  “ Shavings." 

Rash.  An  eruption  on  the  skin.  See 
Exanthema. 

Ra'sor,  o 'vis#  [From  ra'do,  ra'sum, 
to  “ scrape,"  “ scratch,"  or  “ shave."]  Ap- 
plied in  the  plural  ( Raso'res ) to  an  order 
of  birds  which  scratch  the  ground  for 
their  food,  as  the  common  hen ; also 
called  Gallinaccse. 

Ra-so'reS,*  the  plural  of  Rasor, 
which  see. 

Rasp'a-to-rjv.  [Raspato'riuin ; 

from  ra’do,  ra'sum  ?]  An  instrument  for 
rasping  bones.  See  Scalprum. 

Ra-sn'ra.*  [From  ra’do,  ra’sum,  to 
“scrape,"  or  “shave."]  A shaving. 

Elntanlfty.  See  Riiatanv. 

Rato  (Fr.).  r&t.  Sec  Spleen. 

Ratio  (ra'she-o),  o'nis.#  [From  re’ or, 
ra'tus,  to  “suppose,"  “judge,"  or  “think.’  ] 
Originally,  “reason,"  “thought,"  “de- 
sign." Proportion:  rate.  The  propor- 


RAT 


REC 


tion  which  one  magnitude  bears  to  an- 
other of  the  same  kind. 

Rational,  rash'un-al.  [Ratioua'- 

lis;  from  ra'tio , “ reason,”  “method.”] 
Conformable  to  reason,  or  to  a well-rea- 
soned plan.  Often  applied  to  a sound 
course  of  practice,  as  opposed  to  empiri- 
cism. 

Rat’s  Bane.  Arsen  ious  acid.  Also 
applied  to  the  seed  of  the  Strychnos  mix 
vomica. 

Rat' tie.  (Fr.  Rale,  r&l.)  A vulgar 
term  for  the  rattling  sound  in  the  throat 
of  dying  persons,  arising  from  the  ac- 
cumulation of  mucus,  or  purulent  mat- 
ter. in  the  bronchia,  etc. 

Rat' tie-snake  Root.  The  Polygala 
senega.  See  Senega. 

Rau,  or  Raw,  Process  of.  The 
processus  gracilis  of  the  malleus. 

Rau-ce'do,  e«l 'inis.%  [From  rau'eus, 
“hoarse.”]  Hoarseness,  caused  by  an 
inflamed  state  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Ray.  [Ra'dius.]  A term  for  the 
marginal  flowers  of  a head  (or  compound 
flower)  when  they  are  different  from  the 
rest,  as  in  the  sunflower ; also,  one  of 
the  pedicels  of  an  umbel.  In  Optics,  a 
beam  of  light  propagated  in  a straight 
line  from  some  luminous  point.  Rays 
are  distinguished  into — 

1.  Calorif'ic  rays,  which  produce 
heat ; the  highest  degree  of  caloric  being 
found  in  the  red  ray  of  the  prismatic 
spectrum. 

2.  Lu'mixous  rays,  which  impart  light; 
the  highest  degree  of  illumination  being 
afforded  by  the  brightest  yellow  or  the 
palest  green  of  the  prismatic  spectrum. 

3.  Chem'ical  rays,  which  cause  neither 
heat  nor  light,  but  produce  chemical 
changes.  The  greatest  chemical  action 
is  in  the  violet  ray. 

The  term  ray  is  also  applied  to  the 
bony  or  cartilaginous  formations,  more 
or  less  numerous,  which  support  the 
membranous  fins  of  fishes.  See  Radius. 

Rays,  Medullary.  See  Medullary 
Rays. 

Re.  A Latin  particle  signifying 
“again,”  “back,”  or  “against;”  hence 
often  implying  resistance.  Before  a 
vowel,  a d is  added,  as  redintegration  for 
re-integration. 

Re-action.  [Reac'tio,  o 'nis  ; from 
re,  “again,”  or  “back,”  and  a' go,  ac'tum, 
to  “act.”]  Literally,  “acting  back  or 
against;”  also,  “ acting  again.”  In  Me- 
chanics, the  reciprocality  of  force  exerted 
by  two  bodies  which  act  mutually  on  or 
40 


against  each  other.  In  Physiology,  the 
“acting  again”  of  the  vital  powers  aftei 
they  have  been  greatly  depressed.  Also 
applied  to  the  effect  produced  on  the 
system  by  irritants  or  stimuli,  in  which 
the  vital  forces  seem  to  resist  the  irritating 
substance.  The  state  or  process  of  ap- 
plying a reagent,  or  test,  for  detecting 
the  presence  of  certain  other  bodies. 

Re-a/gent.  [Rca'gens,  en 'tis ; from 
the  same.]  A substance  employed  in 
chemical  analysis  to  ascertain  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  component  parts 
of  bodies  by  reacting  on  their  elements : 
a test. 

Re-al'gar.  The  protosulphuret  of 
arsenic;  also  called  Arsenicum  rub  rum, 
or  “ Red  Arsenic.”  Realgar  occurs  native ; 
it  may  also  be  formed  artificially,  by  heat- 
ing arsenious  acid  with  sulphur. 

Reaumur’s  Scale.  See  Thermo- 
meter. 

Reauimiriacese,*  ro-mu-re-a'she-e, 
or  rd-o-mu-re-a'she-e.  [From  Reanmu'- 
ria,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small  natural 
order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  found  on  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean  and  saline 
plains  of  Northern  Asia. 

Re-ceiv'er.  A vessel  fitted  to  a re- 
tort, alembic,  or  the  like,  tor  receiving 
the  product  of  distillation. 

Re-cop'ta-cle.  [Receptae'uluni ; 
from  recip'io,  reccp'tum,  to  “ receive.”] 
Originally,  a place  to  receive  or  keep 
things  in.  Applied  to  the  apex  of  the 
flo^yer-stalk,  on  which  all  the  organs  of 
a flower  are  situated;  the  axis  of  the 
flower. 

Re-cep-tac'u-lum  Chy'Ii.*  (“  Re- 
ceptacle of  the  Chyle.”)  (Fr.  Reservoir 
da  Chyle,  rd'zeR'vwk'  dii  sh<M.)  A name 
applied  to  the  somewhat  expanded  lower 
portion  of  the  thoracic  duct. 

Re^'i-pe.*  [Imperative  mood  of  re- 
dp’ io,  to  “ take.”]  Constantly  used  in  the 
abbreviated  form,  as  the  commence- 
ment of  a medical  prescription. 

Rec-li-na'tion.  [Reclina'tio,  ©'?*/«; 
from  recli'no , reclina'tum,  to  “bend 
back.”]  One  of  the  operations  for  cata- 
ract, in  which  the  lens  is  thrown  back- 
wards into  the  middle  and  towards  the 
bottom  of  the  vitreous  humor. 

Re-cSined',  or  Rec'la-nate.  [Rc- 
clina'tus;  from  the  same.]  Bending 
downwards. 

Rec're-ment  [from  re,  “again,”  and 
cer'nere , ere' turn,  to  “sift,”  or  “secrete”], 
or  Recrementitial  (rek-re-men-tish'- 
al)  Mu'mor.  Literally,  “a  returned 
secretion,” — that  is,  a secretion,  like  the 
465 


REC 


REC 


saliva,  which,  after  haviilg  been  sepa- 
rated from  the  Plood,  is  again  given  back 
to  it. 

Rec-ru-des'sence.  [Recrudes'- 
cens;  from  recrudes' co,  to  “grow  raw 
and  sore  again.”]  A growing  worse 
again  ; an  increase  of  a disease  after  a 
temporary  abatement. 

Rect.  ==  Rectified’  tus*  “ Rectified.” 

Rec-tal'gfi-a.*  [From  rectum,  and 
a\ya;,  “pain.”]  Pain  of  the  rectum.  The 
same  as  Proctalgia. 

Rec-tan'gle.  [Rectau'gulus;  from 
rec'tus , “right,”  and  an'gulus,  an  “an- 
gle.”] A right-angled  parallelogram. 
When  the  adjacent  sides  are  equal,  it 
becomes  a square. 

Rec-tau  gu-lar.  [Reetang’ula'ris.] 

Having  right  angles. 

Rec-tem'bry-us.*  [From  rec'tus, 
“straight,”  and  em'bryon,  an  “embryo.”] 
Applied  to  a section  of  the  Leguminosse, 
containing  those  having  the  radicle  of 
the  embryo  straight. 

Rec-ti-fi-ca'tiou.  [Rectifica'ti©, 
© 'nis  ; from  rectif  ico,  rectified' turn,  to 
“make  right.”]  A second  or  repeated 
distillation,  in  which  substances  are 
more  perfectly  purified. 

Rec'ti-lied.  [Rectiflca'tus ; from 
the  same.]  Made  more  pure,  or  stronger. 

Rectified  Spirit.  See  Spiritus  Rec- 

TIFICATUS. 

Rec-ti-liu'e-ar.  [Rect  Hindis;  from 
rec'tus,  “ straight,”  and  li'nea,  a “line.”] 
Relating  to,  or  bounded  by,  straight 
lines. 

Rec'ti-nerved.  [Rectiner'vis; 

from  rec'tus,  “straight,”  and  ner'vus,  a 
“nerve.”]  Having  straight  nerves  or 
veins;  parallel-veined.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Rec-ti-ros'tris.*  [From  rec'tus, 
“straight,”  and  ros'trum,  a “beak.”] 
Having  a straight  beak.  Applied  to 
shells,  birds,  etc.:  rectirostrate. 

Rec-ti'tis,  i dis*  [From  rec'tum .]  In- 
flammation of  the  rectum.  See  Procti- 
tis. 

Rec-tri'ces,*  the  plural  of  Rectrix, 
which  see. 

Rec'trix,  tri'ew,*  plural  Rec-tri'- 
ceS.  [From  re' go,  rec’tum,  to  “guide.”] 
The  plumes  of  the  tail  of  birds,  which, 
like  a rudder,  direct  their  flight. 

Rec'tum.*  [From  rec'tus,  “ straight.”] 
The  last,  nearly  straight,  portion  of  the 
large  intestine,  terminating  at  the  anus. 

Rec'tus.5  [From  re' go,  rec’tum , to 
“ru’e.”]  Right;  straight.  Applied  to 
muse’es,  etc. 

Rec'tus  Ab-doin'i-uis.*  (“Straight 

46C 


[Muscle]  of  the  Abdomen.”)  A muscle 
arising  from  the  pubes,  and  inserted 
into  the  three  inferior  true  ribs  and  the 
ensiform  cartilage.  It  pulls  down  the 
ribs  in  respiration. 

Rec'tus  Cap'X-tis,*  plural  Recti 
Cap'i-tis.  (“Straight  [Muscles]  of  the 
Head.”)  The  name  of  five  muscle* 
arising  from  the  upper  cervical  vertebral, 
and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone, 
These  are  the  Rec'tus  cap'ltis  anti' cm 
ma'jor,  Rec'tus  cap' it  is  nnti'cus  mi' nor, 
Rec'tus  cap'itis  latera'lis,  Rec'tus  cop' U 
tis  posti'eus  ma'jor , and  Rec'tus  cap'itis 
posti'eus  mi' nor, 

Rec'tus  Ex-ter'nus  Oc'u-li.*  (“Ex- 
ternal Straight  [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  optic  foramen, 
and  inserted  into  the  outer  side  of  the 
eye.  It  is  also  named  abductor  oculi , 
from  its  turning  the  eye  outwards. 

Rec'tus  Fem'o-ris.*  (“Straight 
[Muscle]  of  the  Thigh.”)  A muscle 
arising  by  two  heads  from  the  ilium  and 
acetabulum,  and  inserted  into  the  pa- 
tella. It  is  sometimes  called  rectus  cruris 
(“Straight  [Muscle]  of  the  Leg”).  It 
extends  the  leg. 

Rec'tus  In-fe'ri-or  Oc'u-li.*  (“  In- 
ferior Straight  [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  lower  part  of 
the  optic  foramen,  and  inserted  opposite 
to  the  rectus  superior.  It  is  also  named 
deprimens  oculi,  from  its  drawing  the 
eye  downwards. 

Rec'tus  Xn-ter'nus  Oc'u-li.*  (“In- 
ternal Straight  [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  margin  of  the 
optic  foramen,  and  inserted  into  the 
inner  side  of  the  eye.  It  is  also  named 
adducens,  from  its  drawing  the  eye 
towards  the  nose. 

Rec'tusSu-i>e'ri-©rOc'u-li.:;:  (“Su- 
perior Straight  [Muscle]  of  the  Eye.”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  optic  foramen,  and  inserted  into  the 
superior  and  fore  part  of  the  sclerotica. 
It  is  also  named  aitollens  or  levator 
oculi,  from  its  office  of  raising  the  eye, 
and  the  superbus  (“proud”),  from  the  ex- 
pression which  it  imparts. 

Re-cur'rent.  [Recur' reus,  en'tis; 
from  recur'ro,  to  “ run  back.”]  Running 
back.  Applied  to  a nerve,  and  to  branches 
of  arteries,  nerves,  etc. ; also,  returning 
at  intervals. 

Re-cur- va'tion.  [Recurva'ti©, 

© 'nis;  from  recur' vo , recurra'  turn,  to 
“bend  back.”]  A bending  backwards. 
Applied  to  the  vertebral  column. 

Rc-curvcd',  or  Re-cur'vate.  [Re* 


REC 


REF 


curva'tus,  Recrar'vics ; from  the 
same.]  Bent  or  curved  backwards.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

Re-cur- vi-fo'li-us.*  [From  recur' vo, 
to  ‘‘bend  back/’  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf/’] 
Having  leaves  recurved  or  reflected  at 
their  extremity. 

Red  Fire.  A pyrotechnical  com- 
pound of  nitrate  of  strontia,  sulphur, 
antimony,  and  chlorate  of  potash,  burn- 
ing with  a red  flame. 

Red  Gum.  A popular  name  for 
Stropli' ulus  intertiiic'tus. 

Red  Fead.  Minium,  or  red  oxide  of 
lead. 

Red  Pre-cap 'i-tate.  The  IIydrar- 
gyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  which  see. 

Red  Root.  One  of  the  popular  names 
for  the  Ceano' thus  America' iius,  other- 
wise called  New  Jer'sey  Tea.  A small 
indigenous  shrub,  of  the  Linnseun  class 
Pentandria,  natural  order  Rhamnacefe, 
found  in  most  parts  of  the  United  Stales. 
It  has  small  white  flowers  in  clusters  or 
dense  panicles,  and  ovate,  acuminate, 
and  serrate  leaves.  The  root  is  astrin- 
gent, and  imparts  a red  color  to  water. 
During  the  Revolutionary  War,  the 
leaves  of  this  plant  were  used  as  a sub- 
stitute for  tea,  on  which  account  it  has 
recently  attracted  considerable  attention. 
An  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves  and 
seeds  has  been  recommended  in  aphthous 
affections  of  the  mouth,  and  in  the  sore 
throat  attending  scarlet  fever. 

Red  San'dal,  Red  Saun  ders.  The 
wood  of  Pterocar'pus  santali'nus. 

Red.  in  pulv.  = Redac'tus  in  pul'- 
verem*  “Reduced  to  powder.” 

Redig.  in  pulv.  = Rediga'tur  in 
pulverem .*  “Let  it  be  reduced  to  pow- 
der.” 

Re-d  in  'te-grate.  [ Red  i n tegra ' t us ; 

from  re,  “again,”  and  in'teger , “entire,” 
“sound.”]  Restored  to  soundness  or 
completeness ; renovated. 

Re-din-te-gra  tion.  [Rediute- 
gra'tio,  o'nis;  from  the  same.]  A re- 
storation to  soundness;  a reproduction 
of  a part  of  the  body  which  has  been 
destroyed. 

Re-duc'tiou.  [Reduc'tio,  o'nis; 
from  redu'eo , reduc'tnm,  to  “ bring  back,” 
to  “reduce.”]  The  process  by  which 
metals,  changed  or  disguised  by  a union 
with  other  substances,  are  restored  to 
their  metallic  state.  It  is  generally  ap- 
plied to  the  restoration  of  metallic  oxides. 
In  Surgery,  the  returning  of  a dislocated 
bone  into  its  natural  situation. 

Re-duc'tor,  o'r ?«.*  [From  the  same.] 


A bringer  or  leader  back.  Applied  to  a 
muscle  of  the  vertebral  column. 

Re-  du-pli-ca/tion.  [Redupllica 
tio,  o'nis ; from  re,  “ again,”  and  du'- 
plico,  duplica'tum,  to  “double.”]  The 
act  of  doubling.  Applied  to  the  parox- 
ysms of  ague  of  a double  type. 

Re-fi'ning.  The  act  of  purifying 
any  thing;  particularly  the  assaying  cr 
purifying  gold  and  silver  by  separating 
them  from  other  bodies  which  are  com- 
bined with  them. 

Re-flect'.  [From  re,  “again,”  or 
“back,”  and  flee' to,  Jlec'iuin  or  flex' mv, 
to  “bend,”  or  “turn.”]  To  turn  back. 
(See  Reflection.)  To  double  back  tn 
itself,  as  a membrane. 

Re-flec  tion,  cr  Re-flex  ion.  [Re- 
flec'tio,  o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The 
act  of  turning  back  cr  reflecting.  In 
Mechanics,  the  rebound  of  a body  from 
the  surface  of  another  body  against  which 
it  impinges.  In  Natural  Philosophj’, 
the  term  is  applied  to  analogous  motions 
of  light,  heat,  and  sound.  In  Obstetrics, 
it  is  applied  to  a bending  back  of  the 
uterus.  (See  Retroveesio  Uteri.)  In 
Anatomy,  to  a duplicaturc  of  a mem- 
brane, etc. 

Rcflec'tiion,  An  gle  cf.  The  angle 
made  by  the  line  of  diiecaon  of  the  re- 
flected body  or  ray  with  a line  which  is 
perpendicular  to  the  reflecting  surface. 

Ke  flex.  [Reflex'us;  see  Reflec- 
tion.] Applied  to  certain  actions  and 
functions  cf  living  beings.  See  next 
article. 

Reflex  Ac'tiou.  A term  applied 
to  those  involuntary  movements  caused 
by  some  impression  or  irritatic  n con- 
veyed to  the  spinal  marrow  by  the  affer- 
ent spinal  nerves,  in  consequence  of 
which,  an  excitement  or  impulse  is  sent 
back  b}r  the  reflex  spinal  nerves,  pro- 
ducing the  movements  in  question.  Thus, 
an  irritation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  nostril  causes  the  convulsive  invol- 
untary movement  of  the  muscles  of  res- 
piration, termed  sneezing. 

Re  flex  Function.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain functions  of  living  beings,  per- 
formed through  the  medium  of  the  reflex 
nerves. 

Re'fflex  Spi'nal  Nerves.  Those  of 
the  spinal  system  of  nerves  which  con- 
vey motor  impulses  from  the  spinal  mar- 
row in  consequence  of  impressions  made 
upon  the  surface  of  the  body.  See  Re- 
flex Action. 

Re-flexed'.  Bent  downwards  or  back- 
wards. Applied  to  parts  of  plants. 

467 


REF 


REL 


Reflexion.  See  Reflection. 

Reflux.  [Refltix'us;  from  re, 
“back,”  and  flu' o,  flux' um,  to  “flow.”] 
The  movement  of  the  sea  when  it  retires 
after  the  flux  or  flow;  the  ebb.  In 
Physiology,  the  return  of  the  blood  from 
the  head,  or  from  the  lower  half  of  the 
body,  to  the  heart. 

Re-fract'ed.  In  Botany,  suddenly 
bent  backwards. 

Re-fraction.  [Refrac'tio,  o'nis; 
from  re,  “ again,”  or  “ back,”  and  /ran'- 
go,  frac’  turn,  to  “ break.”]  The  devia- 
tion of  a ray  of  light  from  its  original 
direction  on  entering  obliquely  a me- 
dium of  a different  density.  The  laws 
which  regulate  the  refraction  of  light 
form  the  subject  of  that  branch  of  Natu- 
ral Philosophy  called  Dioptrics. 

Double  Refraction  is  a property  of 
certain  transparent  minerals,  etc.,  as  Ice- 
land spar,  by  which  they  present  two 
images  of  any  object  seen  through  them. 
A ray  of  light  passing  through  these 
media  is  separated  into  two  distinct  pen- 
cils which  pursue  separate  courses. 

Re-frac'tive.  [Refracti'vus:  from 
the  same.]  Pertaining  to  refraction ; 
causing  or  producing  refraction. 

Re-frac'to-ry.  [From  re,  “back,” 
or  “against,”  implying  resistance,  and 
/ran’ (jo,  frac' turn,  to  “break,”  to  “sub- 
due.”] Properly,  “that  will  not  or  can- 
not be  subdued.”  Applied  to  a substance 
which  it  is  difficult  or  impossible  to  melt. 

Re-fran-gl-bil'I-ty.  [Refrangi- 
bil'itas,  a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  The 
tendency  of  luminous  rays  to  be  re- 
fracted or  bent  in  passing  obliquely 
from  one  transparent  medium  into  an- 
other, or  in  traversing  a medium  the 
density  of  which  is  not  uniform. 

Re-fran'gi-ble.  [Refrangib'ilis ; 
from  the  same.]  Susceptible  of  refrac- 
tion. 

Re-frig'e-rant.  [Refrig'erans ; 

from  ref  rig’  ero,  ref rigera’ turn,  to  “cool,” 
to  “chill.”]  Applied  to  medicines  which 
cool  the  body  or  blood. 

Re-frig  e-ra-to-ry.  [Rcfrigera- 
to  rium;  from  the  same.]  A vessel 
filled  with  cold  water,  for  condensing 
vapors  or  cooling  substances. 

Re-gen-e-ra'tion.  f Regenera'tio, 
o 'nix;  from  re,  “again,”  or  “anew,”  and 
gen’ ero,  genera' turn,  to  “generate.”]  Ap- 
plied in  Physiology  to  the  reproduction 
of  a part  or  substance  lost  by  disease  or 
injury.  See  Redintegration. 

Re'gl-a  A qua.*  (“Royal  Water.”) 
See  Nitro-Muriatic  Acid. 

463 


Regl-men,  m'inis*  [From  re1  go, 
to  “rule,”  or  “regulate.”]  A Latin 
word  signifying  “ government,”  or  “regu- 
lation:” applied  to  the  regulation  of  the 
diet.  A rational  and  methodical  course 
of  life  in  respect  to  food,  etc. 

Region.  [Re'gio,  o'/tta.]  A par- 
ticular portion  of  the  body;  especially 
used  in  reference  to  a particular  organ 
or  viscus,  as  the  region  of  the  liver, 
heart,  kidney,  etc. 

Reg'u-lar.  [Regula'ris;  from  reg’- 
ula,  a “rule.”]  Applied  to  flowers  in 
which  the  members  of  each  floral  circle 
(i.e.  the  corolla  or  calyx)  are  alike  in 
shape  and  size. 

Regular  Solids.  See  Solid. 

Reg-u-lar-i-flo'rus.*  [From  regu- 
la’ris,  “regular,”  and  foe,  a “flower.”] 
Applied  to  the  head  and  the  disk  of  the 
Synantherse,  when  composed  of  flowers 
with  regular  corols. 

Reg'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  rex, 
re’ g is,  a “king.”]  A pure  metal  reduced 
from  its  ore. 

Reg.  umb.  = Re’gio  umbili’ci .**  “ Re- 
gion of  the  navel.” 

Re-gur-gi-ta  lion.  [Regurgita'- 
tio,  o’nis ; from  re,  “again,”  or  “back,” 
and  gur’ges,  a “flood,”  a “flowing.”]  A 
flowing  back ; a flowing  the  wrong  way. 
Applied,  for  example,  to  the  flowing  back 
of  the  blood  from  the  ventricles  into  the 
auricles  of  the  heart. 

Re-la'tions,  Or-gan'ic.  A term 
applied  to  the  relations  subsisting  be- 
tween different  parts  of  the  animal 
economy.  They  may  be  ranked  under 
three  different  heads  : — 

1.  Mechanical  Relations,  or  such  as 
depend  upon  the  position  of  parts,  in 
consequence  of  which,  if  one  organ  be 
displaced  (or  greatly  enlarged),  the  free 
and  healthy  operation  of  an  adjacent 
organ  is  interfered  with : thus,  in  cases 
of  prolapsus  uteri,  urination  is  sometimes 
rendered  difficult  and  painful. 

2.  Functional  Relations,  or  those  where- 
by the  healthy  condition  of  one  organ 
depends  upon  the  healthy  operation  of 
another:  thus,  if  there  be  derangement 
in  either  the  respiratory  or  digestive 
function,  the  blood  fails  to  communicate 
a healthful  stimulus  to  the  heart,  and 
the  function  of  the  latter  organ  becomes 
consequently  impaired. 

3.  Sympathetic  Relations,  or  those 
which  depend  upon  the  nervo'as  sympa- 
thy subsisting  between  diffeient  parts. 
Sec  Sympathy. 

Rclaxantia,*  re-lax-an'sne-a,  Re* 


REL 


REP 


lax'ants.  (Fr.  Reldchant,  reh-l&'shoN0'.) 
[From  relax' o,  relaxa'tum,  to  “ loosen.”] 
Applied  to  substances  which  relax  and 
soften  parts  that  are  inflamed. 

Rel-ax-a/tion.  [Relaxa'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  relaxing,  or 
state  of  being  relaxed.  In  Physiology, 
the  reverse  of  contraction  or  tension. 

Re-li'qul-se,  a 'rum.*  [From  relin’- 
quo,  to  “ leave.”]  Relics.  Applied  to  or- 
ganic remains,  as  fossil  Zoophytes,  Crus- 
taceans, etc. 

Re-me'di-um  Ca-tliol'i-coii.*  A 

panacea.  See  Catholicon. 

Rcin'e-dy.  [Reme'dium;  from  re, 
“ again,”  and  me' dear,  to  “heal.”]  That 
which  is  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
diseases,  whether  palliative,  preventive, 
or  curative. 

Rem'i-g’es.*  [Plural  of  re'mex,  rem'- 
igis,  a “ rower,”  or  “ oarsman.”]  Applied 
to  strong,  stiff  feathers  in  the  wings  of 
birds,  the  action  of  which  is  compared 
to  that  of  oars. 

Re-mis'sion.  [Remis'sio,  o 'nis; 
from  remit' to,  remix'  sum,  to  “ remit,”  to 
“relax.”]  An  abatement  or  diminution 
of  febrile  symptoms  occurring  between 
the  accessions  of  remittent  fever.  Also 
applied  to  the  abatement  of  the  symptoms 
of  continuous  fever. 

Re-mit'tent.  [Remit'tens ; from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  disorders  the 
symptoms  of  which  abate  considerably 
and  then  return  again  and  again  until 
the  disease  is  overcome  or  proves  fatal. 

Remit 'tent  Fe'ver.  [Lat.  Fe'foris 
Remit'tens;  Fr.  Fienre  Remittent, e, 
fe-evu'  ri'm^t'toxt'.)  The  name  given 
to  any  fever  which  abates,  but  does  not 
wholly  cease,  at  regular  intervals.  See 
Epanetus. 

Rem'o-ra.:!:  [From  rem'oror,  to 

“hinder,”  or  “stop.”]  A stoppage,  or 
stagnation.  Also  applied  to  surgical  in- 
struments used  to  retain  parts  in  their 
place  (in  situ). 

Re-mo-ti-fo'la-ais.*  [From  remo'tus, 
“distant,”  and  f o' Hum , a “leaf.”]  Ap- 
plied to  leaves  distant  from  each  other. 

Ren,*  gen.  Re'nis.  The  kidney ; the 
gland  by  which  the  urine  is  secreted. 

Re  nal.  [Rena'lis;  from  ren,  the 
* kidney.”]  Belonging  to  the  kidney. 

Re'nal  Ap'o-plex-y.  Another  name 
for  Ischu'ria  rena'lis. 

Renal  Calculus.  SeeNsPHROLiTHOs. 

Renal  Glands  or  Cap'sules. 
[Olan'dulse  or  Cap'sulse  Rena'les.] 
The  renal  (suprarenal)  glands  or  atra- 
biliary  capsules. 

40* 


Ren'cu-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  ren, 
the  “ kidney.”]  The  name  of  each  dis 
tinct  lobe  of  the  kidney  in  tk3  embryo 
of  the  Mammalia. 

Ren-i-fo'li-us.*  [From  ren,  re'nis, 
the  “kidney,”  and  fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
Having  reniform  leaves:  renifo'lious. 

Ren'i-form.  [ Ren  i for' mis;  from 
ren,  re'nis,  the  “kidney.”]  Formed  like 
the  kidney.  Applied  to  a roundish  cor- 
date leaf,  of  which  the  lateral  dimension 
exceeds  the  length  from  the  base  to  the 
apex. 

Ren  net,  or  Run'iiet.  Applied  to  a 
fluid  made  by  infusing  the  rennet-bag,  or 
inner  coat  or  membrane  of  a calf’s  sto- 
mach, in  hot  water;  also  to  the  mem- 
brane itself.  It  has  the  property  of  co- 
agulating milk. 

Renoneiile,  reh-noN°'kul'.  The 
French  name  for  Ranunculus.  See  RA- 
NUNCULI. 

Re-pan<l'.  [Repan'dns.]  Bowed, 
or  waved.  Applied  to  a leaf  of  which 
the  margin  is  slightly  waved,  or  sinuate. 

Repanditas.  See  Lordosis. 

Re-pel'lent.  [Repel  lens;  from  re- 
pel'lo,  to  “ beat  or  drive  back.”]  Driving 
back.  Applied  to  medicines  which  cause 
diseases  to  recede  from  the  surface. 

Re'pent.  [Re'pens;  from  re'po , 
to  “creep.”]  Creeping  on  the  ground. 
Applied  to  plants  and  reptiles. 

Re-per-cussive.  [From  re,  “back,” 
and  percu'tio,  perens'  sum,  to  “strike,”  or 
“ beat.”]  The  same  as  Repellent,  which 
see. 

Reperoutiens  (rep-er-ku'she-ens), 
en'tf/s.*  [From  the  same.]  The  same 
as  Repellent,  which  see. 

Rep et.  = Repeta'tur,*  or  Repetan'- 
tur .*  “ Let  it,  or  them,  be  repeated.” 

Re-ple'tion.  [Reple'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  lep'leo,  reple'tum,  to  “fill  up.”] 
The  state  or  condition  of  being  full,  or 
gorged.  The  same  as  Plethora,  which 
see. 

Rep'li-eate,  or  Rep'll-ea-tive. 
[Replicati'vus ; from  re,  “again,”  or 
“back/’  and  pli'eo,  plica' turn,  to  “fold.”] 
Folded  back.  Applied  to  aestivation 
when  the  floral  organs  are  folded  in- 
wards upon  themselves,  and  to  verna- 
tion when  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves  is 
folded  bnck  and  applied  to  the  lower. 

Re 'plum.*  A Latin  word  signifying 
a leaf  of  a door.  In  Botany,  a framelike 
placenta  from  which  the  valves  of  the 
pod  fall  away  in  dehiscence,  as  in  the 
Papareracese,  etc. 

Reprimentia,*  rep-re-men'she-a. 

469 


REP 


RES 


[■From  rep'rimo,  to  “ repress.”]  “ Repress- 
ing Medicines/’  Remedies  for  fluxes;  as 
astringents,  acid  stimulants,  etc. 

Rep'ri-ments.  The  same  as  Rep- 
rimentia,  which  see. 

Re-pro-duc'tion.  [Reproduc'tio, 
o' nia  ; from  re,  “ again,”  and  produ'co, 
prodnc't-um , to  “ bring  forth/’  to  ‘•pro- 
duce.’’] The  production  by  organized 
bod  es  of  others  similar  to  themselves. 

Re-pro-iluc'tive.  [Reproslucti'- 
vus : from  the  same.]  Producing  again ; 
adapted  for  reproduction. 

Reproductive  Organs  of 
Plants.  The  stamens  and  pistils. 

Rep'tant.  [Rep' tans ; from  rep' to, 
to  “ creep.”]  Creeping.  The  same  as 
Repent. 

Rep-ta'tion.  [Repta'tio,  o 'nia/ 
from  rep' to,  repta'tum,  to  “creep.”]  Creep- 
ing. The  mode  of  progression  proper  to 
serpents  and  certain  Invertebrata . 

Rep'tile.  [See  Reptilis.]  A cold- 
blooded vertebrate  animal  which  creeps 
on  the  ground. 

Rep-tili-a,*  the  plural  of  Reptilis, 
which  see. 

Rep'ti-lis.^  [From  re'po,  rep*  turn, 
to  “creep.”]  A reptile;  any  thing  that 
creeps.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
( ReptiVia ) to  a class  of  animals  which 
have  either  no  feet,  as  the  serpents,  or 
feet  so  short,  as  the  lizards,  that  they 
creep  with  their  bodies  close  to  the 
ground. 

Rep-ti-liv'o-rous.  [Reptiliv'o- 
rus;  from  rep'tilis,  a “reptile,”  and 
vo'ro,  to  “devour.”]  Eating  or  devour- 
ing reptiles.  Applied  to  birds. 

Re-pul'sion.  [Repul'sio,  o'nis; 
from  repel' lo,  repul' sum,  to  “ drive  back,” 
or  “repel.”]  That  power  or  tendency 
which  impels  the  particles  of  matter  to 
separate,  and  is  in  constant  opposition 
to  attraction.  This  repulsive  force,  which 
is  inherent  in  all  matter,  is  by  many  sup- 
posed to  be  produced  by  caloric. 

Re-pul's!  ve.  [Rcpulsi'vus;  from 
the  same.]  Producing  repulsion.  Some- 
times applied  to  double  refraction  when 
the  extraordinary  ray  is  more  removed 
from  the  axis  than  the  ordinary,  and  this 
is  situated  between  it  and  the  axis. 

Repulsive  Force.  See  Repulsion. 

Re-sec  tion.  [Resec'tio,  o’ nia; 
from  rea'eco,  reaec'tum,  to  “cut  off.”]  A 
variety  of  amputation. 

Re-se'da  Ibu-te'o-la.*  A European 
plant  called  Weld,  or  Dyers’  Weed, 
which  was  once  used  as  a diaphoretic 
and  diuretic. 

470 


Reseilacese,*  res-e-da'she-e.  A small 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  mostly 
herbaceous,  comprising  the  Rese'da  (Mig- 
nonette), highly  prized  for  its  fragrance. 

Reservoir  du  Fhyle,  ri-zeR'vwk' 
dii  shel.  The  French  term  for  Recep- 
taculum  Chyli,  which  see. 

Re-sid'u-uin.*  [From  resi'deo,  to 
“remain.”]  The  residue.  Applied  to 
that  which  is  left  after  any  process  of 
separation  or  purification. 

Re-si'na,*  plural  Re-si'nae.  [Gr. 
/5 ririuij;  from  psco,  to  “flow.”]  A resin. 
The  Pharmacopoeia!  name  for  a vegetable, 
solid,  inflammable  substance;  the  resi- 
duum of  the  turpentines  of  various  spe- 
cies of  Pinas  and  Abies. 

Resi  na  Al  ba.-  (“White  Resin.”) 
Obtained  from  the  Pinas  sylvestris,  etc. ; 
also,  the  residuum  of  the  distillation  of 
turpentine  in  a particular  state  of  purity. 

Resi'na  Fla'va.*  (“Yellow  Resin.”) 
Applied  to  the  residuum  after  the  dis- 
tillation of  the  volatile  oil  from  the  tur- 
pentines: sometimes  called  Calopho'nia, 
or  Coloph' onj,  in  the  United  States  popu- 
larly termed  rosin. 

Resi'na  Ja-la'pae-  (“Resin  of  Ja- 
lap”) is  prepared  in  precisely  the  same 
manner  as  the  Resina  Podopiiylli, 
which  see. 

Resi'na  Xi'gra.*  (“  Black  Resin.”) 
Applied  to  a coarser  kind  of  resin. 

Resi'na Pod-o-paiyl'li.  ::*  (“Resin  of 
May-Apple.”)  Take  of  May-apple,  in 
fine  powder,  sixteen  troyounces ; alcohol, 
water,  each  a sufficient  quantity.  Moisten 
the  May-apple  with  four  fluidounces  of 
alcohol,  pack  it  firmly  in  a cylindrical 
percolator,  and  gradually  pour  alcohol 
upon  it  until  four  pints  have  passed,  or 
until  the  filtered  liquid  ceases  to  occa- 
sion turbidness  when  dropped  into  water. 
Reduce  the  tincture  to  half  a pint  by 
distilling  off  the  alcohol,  mix  the  residue 
with  four  pints  of  water,  separate  the 
precipitate  formed,  wash  it  thoroughly 
with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a gentle  heat. 
This  preparation,  directed  by  the  U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia,  is  essentially  the  same 
substance  as  Podophyllin,  which  see. 

Re-si'nse,*  the  plural  of  Resina, 
which  see. 

Res-i-na'tus.'*  [From  resi'na,  “ re- 
sin.”] Belonging  to,  or  having,  resin. 

Reft-l-uif  er-ous.  [ Resin  items ; 

from  resi'na,  “ resin,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  affording  re-dn 

Resin-I-form.  [ Resinifor'iiiis ; 

from  resi'na,  “resin.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a resin. 


RES 


RET 


ReS'i-noi<l.  [Resinoi'des;  from 
resi'na,  “ resin, ” and  eliog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  resin. 

Res-I-no'sa.*  Resinous  stimulants. 
Vegetable  stimulants  which  owe  the 
whole  of  their  activity  to  resin. 

Resi-noiis.  [Resino'sus ; from 
resi’na , “ resin.”]  Resembling,  contain- 
ing, or  consisting  of  resin. 

Re-sis'itance.  [ Resist  antia:  from 
rests' to,  to  “stand  still,”  to  “stop,”  to 
“ withstand.”]  Applied  in  Mechanics  and 
Physiology  to  a force  or  power  acting  in 
opposition  to  another  force  or  power,  so 
a3  to  destroy  or  diminish  its  effect. 

Res  Mat-u-ra'le§.*  (“Natural 
Things.”)  A term  formerly  applied  to 
the  elements,  humors,  etc.  which  were 
supposed  to  constitute  the  nature  or  life 
of  man. 

Res  Non-nat-u-ra'leS.*  (“Non- 
natural Things.”)  Those  principal 
things  and  substances  which  contribute 
to  the  support  of  life;  viz.,  air,  meat 
and  drink,  motion  and  rest,  sleep,  etc. 

Res-o-lu'tion.  [Resolu'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  resol’vo , resoln’tum , to  “unbind,” 
to  “ resolve.”]  The  act  of  resolving  or 
solving;  analysis;  decomposition.  One 
of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  in 
which  it  gradually  disappears  without 
abscess  or  mortification. 

Re-sol'vent.  [Resol'vens ; from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  substances  that 
discuss  inflammatory  or  other  tumors; 
di  cu'tient. 

Res'o-iiaiiee.  [From  res'ono,  to 
“resound.”]  ( Yr.Retentissement , reh-tbNa'- 
t&ss'moNo',  or  Resonance,  r&'zo'noNSs'.) 
A preternatural  resounding  of  the  voice, 
or  its  sounding  in  a port  where  it  is  not 
heard  in  health.  A pathognomonic  symp- 
tom in  certain  morbid  conditions  of  the 
lungs. 

Re-sorp'tion.  [Resorp'tio,  o ’nis; 
from  re,  “again,”  and  sor’beo,  sorp'tum, 
to  “ drink  up,”  to  “ swallow.”]  The  ab- 
sorption of  a fluid  or  substance  which 
has  been  previously  deposited.  Some- 
times applied  to  the  degeneration  of  an 
organ,  or  part,  resulting  in  atrophy. 

Re-spa-ra-bili-ty.  [Respirabil'- 
itas,  a 'tis;  from  respi’ro , respira'tum , 
to  “ breathe.”]  The  quality  of  a gas 
proper  for  respiration. 

Re-spi'ra-ble.  [Respirab'ilis; 
from  the  same.]  Applied  to  a gas  fit  for 
respiration. 

Res-pi-ra'tion.  [Respira'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  function  of  breath- 
ing, including  both  inspiration  and  ex- 


piration ; the  function  by  which  the 
nutrient  circulating  fluid  of  an  organized 
body  is  submitted  to  the  influence  of  air 
for  the  purpose  of  changing  its  pro- 
perties. 

Respiration,  Bron'chi-al.  Ap- 
plied to  a kind  of  respiration  in  which 
there  is  a sound  of  air  passing  through 
the  bronchial  tubes  without  entering  the 
minute  air-cells. 

Respira'tion,  Cav'er-nous.  That 
in  which  there  is  a sound  of  air  passing 
from  the  bronchia  into  large  morbid  cavi- 
ties, instead  of  the  air-cells, 

Respira'tion,  I*u'e-rIIe.  That  in 
which  there  is  a sound  like  the  respiration 
of  infants. 

Res'pi-ra-to-ry.  [Respirato'rius  ; 

from  respi’ro,  respira'ttnn , to  “ breathe.”] 
Pertaining  to  respiratic  n. 

Res'piratory  Mur  mur.  The  mur- 
muring sound  heard  from  the  lungs  of 
a healthy  adult,  produced  by  the  pene- 
tration of  the  air  into  the  pulmonary 
tissue  and  its  expulsion  from  it. 

Res'piratory  Tract.  The  middle 
column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  described 
by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  from  which 
the  respiratory  nerves  originate. 

Restiacese,*  res-te-a'slie-e.  [From 
Rcs'tio , one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  endogenous  glumaceous  plants, 
found  in  South  Africa  and  Australia. 

Res-ti-for'inis.*  [From  res' tis,  a 
“rope,”  or  “ cord.”]  Res'tiform;  having 
the  appearance  of  a c<  rd  or  rope.  See 
Corpora  Restiformia. 

Re-su'pi-nate.  [Resiipiiia'tus ; 
from  resupi’no , resupina'tum,  to  “ turn 
upside  down.”]  Having  the  lower  sur- 
face turned  upward. 

Re-sus-^i-ta'tioii.  [Resuscita'tio, 
o ’nis;  from  re,  “ again,”  and  sns’cito,  sus- 
cita’tum,  to  “ wake,”  to  “ excite,”  to  “ raise 
up.”]  The  act  of  restoring  to  life  those 
who  are  apparently  dead. 

Re-tar-da'tioii.  [Retarda'tfo, 
o’ nis;  from  retar’ do,  retarda'  turn,  to  “hin- 
der,” or  “retard.”]  A stopping,  or 
hindering.  Applied  to  delay  of  child- 
birth. 

Retell  'mg1.  [VoBiiituri'tio,  o'ms.  l 
Continued  involuntary  efforts  to  vomit, 
without  effect. 

Re'te,*  or  Re 'tis.*  A net  or  net- 
work. Any  interlacement  of  fibres, 
nerves,  or  vessels,  like  network. 

Rete  Malpig’Biai.  See  Rete  Muco- 
sum. 

Re'te  Ma-rab'i-le.*  (“Wondrous 
Network.”)  The  network  of  blood- 
471 


RET 


RET 


vessels  at  the  base  of  the  brain  of  quad- 
rupeds. 

Re'te  Mu-co'sum.*  (“ Mucous  Net- 
work.”) A mucous  substance  between 
the  derma  and  epidermis,  containing  the 
coloring  matter  of  the  skin;  best  exhi- 
bited in  the  negro. 

Re'te  Tes'tis.*  (“  Network  of  the 
Testis.”)  The  tubular  structure,  or  min- 
gling of  the  Tubuli  recti,  on  the  back  of 
the  Tunica  albuginea  testis. 

Re-ten 'tion.  [Reten'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  retin' eo,  reten'tum,  to  “ hold  back,” 
to  “ retain.”]  The  keeping  back,  or  stop- 
page, of  any  of  the  excretions,  particu- 
larly the  urine. 

Retention  of  the  Menses.  See 

Emansio  M ensium,  and  Amenorrhcea. 

Retentissement,  reh-tdNa't6ss'moNQ'. 
A French  term  for  Resonance,  which  see. 

Re-tic'u-lar.  [Reticularis;  from 
re'te,  a “net.”]  Pertaining  to,  or  re- 
sembling, a net. 

Re-tic'u-lat-ed,  or  Re-tic'n-late. 
[Reticula' tus;  from  the  same.]  Formed 
like  a net;  netted;  as  reticulated  or  netted- 
veined  leaves,  which  are  almost  universal 
in  exogenous  plants.  They  present  two 
general  forms  of  venation,  the  feather- 
veined  and  the  radiate-veined. 

Re-tic'u-lum.*  [Diminutive  of  re'te , 
a “net.”]  A little  not.  Applied  to  the 
second  stomach  of  the  Ruminantia. 

Re-tif 'er-ous.  [Retif ' erws ; from 
re'te,  a “net,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Marked  with,  or  having,  lines  like  a net. 

flet'i-form.  [Retifor'mis ; from 
re'te,  a “net.”]  Formed  like  a net. 

Ret'I-na.*  [From  re'te,  a “ net.”] 
The  organ  of  visual  perception,  the  most 
internal  membrane  of  the  eye,  being  an 
expansion  of  the  optic  nerve.  It  con- 
sists of  three  layers;  the  external,  or 
Jacob’s  membrane,  the  middle,  or  ner- 
vous, and  the  internal,  or  vascular  mem- 
brane. 

Rei-i-iiac'u-Ium,*  plural  Ret-i- 
nac'u-la.  [From  retin' eo,  to  “ hold 
baek.”J  A stay,  or  tie.  Applied  in 
Anatomy  to  th e frspnum,  or  fold  of  mem- 
brane, continued  from  each  commissure 
of  the  ilio-caecal  and  ilio-colic  valves 
round  on  the  inner  side  of  the  cmcum. 
In  B >tany,  a viscous  globular  corpuscle, 
to  which  is  attached  the  small  pedicle 
which  sustains  the  masses  of  pollen  in 
the  Orchids.  In  Surgery,  it  is  applied  to 
an  instrument  for  keeping  the  bowels  or 
other  parts  in  their  place  in  certain  ope- 
rations. 

Rct'I-nerved.  [Retiner'vis;  from 

472 


re'te,  a “net,”  and  ner'rus,  a “nerve.”] 
The  same  as  Reticulated,  which  see. 

Ret-I-ni'tis,  i dis.*  Inflammation  of 
the  retina. 

Ret'i-pe<l.  [Ret'ipes,  ^>'edis;  from 
re'te,  a “ net,”  and  pes,  a “ loot.”]  Hav- 
ing the  skin  of  the  legs  divided  into 
small  polygonous  scales.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain birds. 

Re-tort'.  [Retor'ta;  from  retor'queo, 
retor'tum,  to  “ twist  or  turn  back ;”  named 
from  the  bend  in  the  neck.]  A vessel 
made  of  glass,  earthenware,  or  iron,  for 
the  purpose  of  distillation. 

Retort,  Tu'bu-lat-ed.  A retort 
having  a small  hole  in  the  roof. 

Re-trac'tile.  [Retrac'tilis;  from 
re,  “ again,”  or  “ back,”  and  tra'ho,  trac' - 
turn,  to  “ draw.”]  Capable  of  being 
drawn  back.  Applied  to  nails  or  claws 
when  the  phalanx  which  bears  them  is 
articulated  in  such  a manner  that,  in  re- 
pose, they  are  withdrawn  to  the  superior 
part  of  the  toe. 

Re-trac-til'I-ty.  [Retractil'itas, 

a 'tis;  from  the  same.]  The  quality  of  a 
part  that  is  retractile. 

Retrac'tion.  [Retrac'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  shortening  of  a 
broken  limb,  the  contraction  of  the  mus- 
cles forcing  the  broken  ends  of  the  bone  to 
glide  by  each  other,  as  in  oblique  fractures. 

Re-trac'tor.*  [From  the  same.]  A 
piece  of  linen  employed  in  amputation 
for  drawing  the  divided  muscles  upward, 
and  thus  keeping  every  part  of  the 
wound  out  of  the  way  of  the  saw. 

Ret'ra-lieiis.*  [From  the  same.] 
Drawing  back ; retracting. 

Ret'rafliens  Ati'ris.*  (“Retracting 
[Muscle]  of  the  Ear.”)  A name  given 
to  the  posterior  auris  muscle,  from  its 
action  in  drawing  back  the  ear. 

R^trecissement,  r&'tr.Vs&ss'moN0'. 
The  French  term  for  Stricture,  which 
see. 

Ret-ro-ce'<lent.  [Retroce'dens ; 

from  re'tro,  “backwards,”  and  ce'do,  to 
“ go,”  or  “ move.”]  Going  back,  or  going 
from  the  outer  part  of  tho  body  to  an 
interior  organ,  as  gout,  rheumatism,  etc. 

Ret'ro-curved.  Tho  same  as  Re- 
curved. 

Ret'ro-flexed.  [Retroflex  us; 

from  re'tro,  “backwards,”  and  Jlcc'to , 
flex' um,  to  “bend.”]  The  same  as  Re- 
flexed. 

Retroflex'io  (ret-ro-flek'she-o/  U'te- 
ri.*  A bending  back  of  the  womb.  Some- 
times used  in  the  same  manner  as  Retro- 
ve rsio  Uteri. 


RET 


RHA 


Ret-ro-flex'ion.  [Retroflex 'io, 

o 'nis;  from  tho  same.]  A bending  back- 
wards. 

Retro-grade.  [Retrogrades; 

from  rc'tro,  “ backwards/’  and  yra'dior,  to 
“go.”]  Going  back  or  backwards;  re- 
trocedent. 

Retrover'sio  (ret-ro-ver'she-o)  TJ'te- 
ri.*  A displacement  of  the  uterus  in 
which  the  fundus  is  thrown  downwards 
below  the  promontory  of  the  sacrum, 
while  the  os  and  cervix  are  forced  up- 
wards and  forwards  against  or  over  the 
symphysis  pubis. 

Ret-ro-ver'sion.  [Retrover'sio, 

o'nis;  from  re’tro , “ backwards/’  and  ver’- 
to,  ver'sum,  to  “ turn.”]  A turning  back- 
wards. Applied  to  the  bladder,  uterus, 
etc. 

Ret-r©-vert'e<l.  [From  re’tro , 
“backwards,”  and  ver'to,  to  “ turn.”]  In 
Botany,  turned  back  or  over;  turned  up- 
side down. 

Re-toBse'.  [Retni'suis;  from  retun' do, 
retu'sum , to  “ make  blunt.”]  Slightly 
notched  at  a rounded  apex.  Applied  to 
leaves. 

Re-ver-l>e-ra'tioii.  [Reverbera'- 
tio,  o'nis;  from  re,  “again,”  or  “back,” 
and  ver’bero,  verbera'tum,  to  “strike,”  or 
“beat.”]  Reflection  of  light,  heat,  or 
sound. 

Re-ver-ber-a-to'ri-um.;!:  [From  the 
same.]  The  metallic  concave  plate  ap- 
pended to  lamps  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing the  intensity  of  their  light. 

Re-ver'ber-a-to-ry  Far'nace.  One 
in  which,  by  its  peculiar  construction, 
the  flame  is  thrown  back,  or  reverberated, 
upon  the  substance  or  body  exposed  to 
its  action. 

Rev'e-ry,  or  Rov'e-rie.  [Fr.  Rever, 
to  “muse.”]  Absence  of  mind;  a loose 
or  extravagant  train  of  thoughts;  mental 
aberration.  See  Aphelxia. 

Re-viv-I-fi-ca/lu<o>BB.  [From  re, 
“again,”  vi'vtis,  “alive,”  and  fa’ do,  to 
“make.”]  Making  alive;  recovery  of 
life : a phenomenon  oqcurring  in  some 
animalcules,  as  the  Rotifer  redi virus. 

Rev'o-I&ite.  [Revoltin' tins;  from 
revol’vo,  revoln’tum , to  “roll  back.”] 
Rolled  back.  Applied  to  the  margins  of 
leaves. 

Rev-o-lai'tBim.  [RevolUi'tlo,  o’nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  revolving. 
In  Astronomy,  the  movement  which  a 
heavenly  body  performs,  between  its  de- 
parture from  a given  point  in  its  orbit, 
and  its  return  to  the  same  point;  also, 
the  interval  of  time  spent  in  such  act  of 


revolving.  Also  applied  to  the  rotation 
of  a heavenly  body  on  its  axis. 

Re-vul'sant.  [Reviil'saBis;  from  re, 
“back,”  and  v el' lo,  mil' sum,  to  “pull,”  or 
“draw;”  ^o  “draw  off.”]  Drawing  off; 
deriving.  See  Derivative. 

Re-vul'slon.  [Revinl'sno,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  Literally,  a “drawing 
back,”  or  “drawing  off.”  A pulling  or 
drawing  off,  as  of  the  hair,  teeth,  etc. 
Usually  applied  to  the  action  of  medi- 
cines which,  by  producing  irritation  in 
one  part,  draw  off  diseased  action  from 
another. 

Rex  Met-aS-lo'rmn.*  (“  King  of 
Metals.”)  An  alchemical  name  lor  gold. 

RlBa-bar'lKB-rmnB.*  [From  Rka,  tho 
Volga,  a river  in  Russia,  and  bar' barns . 
“wild.”]  Tournefort’s  name  for  Rheum. 
which  see. 

Rlha-eM-ae'tis.*  [From  faxis,  the 
“spine.”]  Belonging  to  the  spine. 

Rha-(iti'a-^ra.:::  [From  f)aXls,  the 

“spine,”  and  uypa,  a “seizure.”]  Gout 
or  severe  pain  in  the  spinal  region.  Also 
spelled  Radii  say  ra. 

R3ia-cItoI-iy'&B-a.*  [From  p: i\is,  the 
“spine,”  and  <iAyoj,  “pain.”]  Pain  oc- 
curring in  the  spine,  or  vertebral  column. 

RDna-cSii-aB-j^i'lis,  i dis.%  Inflam- 

matory rhaehialgia. 

RBna-cM-as'rmis.*  [From  i>aXls,  the 
“ spine.”]  Applied  by  M.  Hall  to  the 
first  symptoms  of  epilepsy,  consisting  in 
a spasmodic  action  of  muscles  at  the 
back  of  the  neck. 

RBna-eM-o-caEnp'sis.*  [From 
the  “spine,”  and  K.pipts,  a “bending.”] 
Curvature  of  the  spine. 

Rfli>a-eIliii-oeEii'5r-SBS.*  [From/'?*'?,  the 
“spine,”  and  \wij,  a “pouring.”]  Ac- 
cumulation of  water  in  the  vertebral 
column. 

RQna'elii-o-^y-pEBo'sis.*  [From 
the  “ spine,”  and  a “ bowing.”] 

A ifibbus,  or  hump  on  the  back. 

Rlka-eEBi-o-dyia'i-sw*  [From  pa\is, 
the  “ spine,”  and  odvsri,  “ pain.”]  Pain 
in  the  back,  spasmodic  or  hmmorrhoidal, 
but  not  purely  nervous. 

Rlna-eDBi-o-my-e-Bi'tis,i<L's.*  [From 
fjcixis,  the  “spine,”  and  mj/eli'tis , “in- 
flammation of  the  marrow.”]  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Rika  - -cEni  - o - my  - e - lopli ' tliB  - sis.* 
[From  pix^,  the  “spine,”  ixvsXog,  “mar- 
row,” and  cpOicng,  “ wasting.”]  The  same 
as  Tabes  Dorsalis,  which  see. 

REua-cSQi-o-iKt-B’al'y-sis.*  [From 
/5 axis,  the  “ spine,”  and  paral'ysis.]  Paral- 
ysis of  the  spinal  marrow. 


473 


RHA 


RHE 


Rtia-clii-sr-rbeu'ma,  a 'tig.*  [From 
the  ‘Repine,”  and  pevpa,  a “ flux/’  or 
“ humor.”]  Applied  to  rheumatism  of 
the  back. 

Rtia'dii-o-sco-ll-o'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
$d\is,  the  “ spine,”  and  oicdKioapa,  a “curve.”] 
Lateral  curvature  of  the  spine. 

Rha-chi-o-sco-ll-osis.*  The  pro- 
gress or  formation  of  rhachioscolioma . 

Rha-chi-ofo-imim,*  or  Rha-ehi- 
ot'o-mns.$  [From  pd\is,  the  “spine,” 
and  TCfr'U),  to  “cut.”]  An  instrument 
for  opening  the  spinal  canal : a rachio- 
tome. 

Rha-ebi-ot'o-my.  [Rhachioto'- 
inia:  from  the  same.]  Dissection  of  the 
spine. 

Rha'ehis,$  or  Ra'chis.*  [Gr.  pj-X's*] 
The  spine,  or  vertebral  column.  Applied 
in  Botany  to  the  axis  of  inflorescence 
when  covered  with  sessile  flowers,  as  a 
spike.  Also,  the  rib,  or  leaf-stalk,  of 
ferns. 

Rltacltisagra.  See  Rhachiagra. 

Rliacliitis.  See  Rachitis. 

Rha-co'des.*  [From  piKo;y  a “ ragged 
garment;”  in  the  plural  pawa,  “wrin- 
kles.”] Wrinkled,  or  full  of  wrinkles. 

Rha-co'ma,  a tis.®  [From  paxocx),  to 
“tear  into  strips.”]  A rent  or  chapped 
portion  of  the  skin.  Also,  a lax  or  pen- 
dulous condition  of  the  scrotum. 

Rha-co'sis.*  The  progress  of  rha- 
coma. 

Rliag'a-des.*  [Plural  of  payds,  a 
“rent,”  or  “chink.”]  Clefts,  chaps,  or 
excoriations  of  the  skin,  especially  of 
the  anus. 

Rliamnacese,*  ram-na'she-e,  or 
Rliam'ni.*  A natural  order  of  exoge- 
nous trees  arid  shrubs,  found  in  all  parts 
of  the  world  except  the  arctic  regions. 
It  includes  the  Rham’nus  tr cingula , which 
yields  the  best  charcoal  for  gunpowder, 
and  Zizyphus , from  which  jujube  is  pro- 
cured. 

Rliam'ni,*  the  plural  of  Rham'nus, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  an  order 
of  plants.  See  Rhamnace,®. 

Rliainmis.  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Pcntanclria , natural  order 
Rhamnacese.  Also,  the  Pharinacopoeial 
name  (Lond.  and  Dub.  Ph.)  of  the  Iiham- 
nun  catharticu*. 

Rtiam'nus  Ca^tliar'tl-ciis.*  The 

purging  buckthorn. 

Kliat'a-ii^.  [Rtiata'nia.]  The  root 
of  the  Krameria  Triandra,  which  see. 

Rtoeg'ma,at/«,*or  Rhex'is.*  [From 
P7yt"yit,  to  “ break,”  or  “ burst.”]  A rent, 
rupture,  or  fracture  of  a part,  applied  to 
474 


the  eyeball,  bones,  etc. ; also,  the  opening 
or  bursting  of  an  abscess. 

Rheg’-ma-to'des.*  [From  prjypa,  a 
“fracture,”  or  “rent.”]  Having  a rent, 
tear,  or  rupture. 

Rheg-ma-to-i'des.*  [From  pnypa,  a 
“fracture,”  or  “rent,”  and  udo;,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a rhegma,  or  rent. 

Rlie'ic  A$'id.  [From  rhe'um,  “rhu- 
barb.”] The  yellow,  crystalline,  granu- 
lar matter  of  rhubarb,  procured  from  the 
plant  by  means  of  ether. 

Rhe  in,  or  Rhe  ine.  [Rhei'na.]  A 
substance  obtained  by  treating  rhubarb 
with  ether. 

Rhe-om'e-ter.  [From  /5ta>,  to  “flow,” 
and  phpov,  a “measure.”]  A term  em- 
ployed by  French  writers  as  synonymous 
with  galvanometer;  an  instrument  for 
measuring  the  force  of  an  electric  cur- 
rent. 

Rhe'um,*  gen.  Rhe'i.  [Supposed  to 
be  from  Rha,  the  river  Volga,  from  the 
banks  of  which  it  was  originally  brought,.] 
(Fr.  Rhubarbe,  rii'baRb'.)  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Enneandria , natural 
order  Polygonacese.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
the  Rheum palmatnm  and  of  other  species 
of  Rheum ; but  according  to  the  British 
Pharmacopoeia,  for  the  root  of  one  or 
more  undetermined  species  of  Rheum. 

Rhubarb  is  an  astringent  as  well  as 
cathartic,  and  combines  to  a certain  de- 
gree the  virtues  of  a tonic  with  those  of 
a purgative.  It  is,  therefore,  well  adapt- 
ed to  cases  of  debility  of  the  digestive 
organs  in  which  a moderate  or  gentle 
cathartic  is  needed.  The  principal  ob- 
jection to  it,  is  that  it  sometimes  causes 
griping;  but  this  may  be  obviated,  or 
mitigated,  by  combining  it  with  some 
aromatic.  Rhubarb  is  often  advanta- 
geously associated  with  other  cathartics. 

Rhe  um  Pal-ma'tnm.*  The  syste- 
matic name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  plant  which 
yields  rhubarb. 

Rhe'um  Rha-bar'ba-riim.*  Lin- 
naeus’s name  for  the  Rheum  undufatum. 

Rbo'uan  Un-ilii-la'tiim.*  The  Rus- 
sian, or  Siberian,  rhubarb. 

Blbeuin,  rum.  [Lat.  Rhou  ma,  a//#; 
Gr.  pz  7*a,  a “ flux,”  or  “ humor,”  from  /5su>, 
to  “flow.”]  The  discharge  from  tho 
nostrils  or  lungs,  caused  by  cold. 

Rheu-mar-thro'sis.*  [From  psvpa, 
“flux,”  or  “humor”  arising  from  cold, 
and  dpdpoy , a “joint.”]  Literally,  “ hu- 
mor in  the  joints;”  because  it  was  for- 
merly supposed  to  be  caused  by  a mor- 
bid humor.  Rheumatism  of  the  joints. 


RIIE 


RHI 


Rheu-ma-tftr£I-a.i:  [From  pziipa,  a 
“flux/’  or  “ humor,”  and  iibyog,  “pain.”] 
Chronic  pain  arising  from  rheumatism. 
See  Rheum  arthrosis. 

Rheumatic,  ru-mat'ik.  [Rlieu- 
mat/icus.]  Belonging  to  rheumatism  ; 
afflicted  with  rheumatism. 

Rheii'imi-tisin.  [Rlieiimatis'mus ; 
from  psvfxa,  a “humor”  arising  from  cold.] 
(Fr.  Rhumatisme,  rii'm&'t6zm'.)  A dis- 
ease (once  supposed  to  be  caused  by  a 
morbid  humor)  characterized  by  severe 
pains  in  the  joints  (especially  when  these 
arc  acted  on  by  the  muscles)  and  more 
or  less  heat  in  the  part,  sometimes  at- 
tended with  pyrexia.  A genus  of  the 
order  Ph/eymasise , class  Pyrexise,  of  Cul- 
len’s Nosology.  The  following  varieties 
may  be  noticed: 

1.  Articular  Rheumatism,  occurring 
in  the  joints  and  muscles  of  the  extremi- 
ties. 2.  Lumbago,  occurring  in  the  loins, 
and  mostly  shooting  upwards.  3.  Sci- 
atica, occurring  in  the  hip-joint,  with 
emaciation  of  the  nates.  4.  Spurious 
Pleurisy,  occurring  in  the  muscles  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Raieu-ma-tis'innoatl.  [Rlkeuma- 
tismoi'des;  from  rh eu matin' mus,  and 
eldog,  a “form.”]  Resembling  rheuma- 
tism. 

RlBeu-ma-to-dyn'i-a.*  [From  pevpa, 
“flux,”  or  “humor,”  and  odvyrj,  “pain.”] 
Synonymous  with  Rheumatalgia. 

Rheu-ma-tosVy-ra.*  [From  rheu - 
mat'icus , “ rheumatic,”  and  nvp,  a “ fever.”] 
Rheumatic  fever. 

R3aefi-ma-to-spas'Bmiis.*  [From 

rheumat' icus,  “rheumatic,”  and  sjms'mus, 
a “spasm.”]  Rheumatic  spasm  or 
cramp  : rheumatospasm. 

RM-aial'gl-a.*  [From  piv,  the  “ nose,” 
and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  nose. 

RM-iien-^e-plaal'i-eus.*  [From  piv, 
the  “nose,”  and  iyKtyabov,  the  “brain.”] 
Connected  with  the  nose  and  brain,  etc. 

R!ha-fliem-$ejpBi'a-lws.':;:'  [From  piv, 
the  “nose,”  ev,  “in,”  and  Kt^abrj,  the 
“head.”]  A monster-foetus,  having  the 
nose  prolonged  in  form  of  a proboscis. 

RM-aii'tis,  idf/s.*  [From  piv,  the 
“nose.”]  I if! animation  of  the  nose. 

RM-no-dyii'I-a.*  [From  p'.v,  the 
“nose,”  and  div^,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the 
nose. 

RSii-no-pIio'nl-a.*  [From  piv,  the 
“ nose,”  and  (.[xjjytj,  the  “ voice.”]  The  sound 
of  the  voice  heard  through  the  nose. 

Elii-no-plastic.  [Rhmoj>las'ti- 
cus.]  Relating  to  the  operation  of 
rhinoplasty. 


Rlii'no-plas-ty.  [Rhinoplas  d- 

ca;  from  p'v,  the  “nose,”  and  to, 

“fabricate.”]  Nose-making;  the  ope- 
ration of  forming  a nose  from  the  integu- 
ments of  the  forehead,  otherwise  termed 
the  Taliacotian  operation:  rhinoplasties. 

Rlii-no-pol'jr-pus.*  [From  piv,  the 
“nose,”  and  pol'ypus .]  Polypus  of  the 
nose  or  nostrils. 

Rlii-nor-rha'gi-a.*  [From  piv , the 
“nose,”  and  priyvvpt , to  “burst  forth.”] 
Sudden  and  excessive  bleeding  from  the 
nose.  See  Epistaxis. 

Rtii'no-trix,  i chos.*  [From  piv,  the 
“nose,”  and  0pt£,  a “hair.”]  In  the 
plural,  the  vibrissse , or  hairs  of  the  nose. 

RBu-zaii'llious.  ( Kliizan  thus ; 
from  pt(,a , a “ root,”  and  avOog,  a “ flower.”] 
Root-flowered.  Applied  to  parasitic 
flowers  attached  by  a sort  of  root  or 
roots  to  some  foster-plant.  The  Raffle' via 
and  Epiphe' (jus  (Beech-drops)  are  ex- 
amples. 

RBti'zantlis.  The  same  as  Rmzo- 
gens,  which  see. 

RBaizoboIaccse,*  ri-zo-bo-la'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
consisting  of  a few  species  of  very  large 
trees,  found  in  the  hottest  parts  of  South 
America.  It  includes  the  Car'yocar  Rhi- 
zob'olus. 

RQaa-zo'des.*  [From  pi^a,  a “root.”] 
Having  roots. 

Rlai'zo-g'ens.  [From  pi^a,  a “root,” 
and  ytwd a>,  to  “produce.”]  A class  of 
parasitical  plants  which  have  a fungus- 
like consistence,  and  are  destitute  of 
true  leaves.  They  seem  to  be  interme- 
diate between  endogens  and  thallogens. 

R3ii-zo£'e-mmi.*  [From  the  same.] 
A peculiar  organ  of  some  Alyse,  which 
increases  and  fixes  itself  by  numerous 
roots : a rhizogen. 

Rlii-zog'ra-pliy*  [Rhizogra  pliia; 

from/5:^a,  a“  root,”  and  ypd^  <0,  to  “ write.”] 
A description  of  roots. 

R2ii-zo-i'des.*  [From  pi^a,  a “root,” 
and  ci6o;,  a “form.”]  Resembling  a root: 
rhi'zoid. 

RHal-zoi'o-g’y.  [Rbizolo'gia ; from 
pi(,a,  a “root,”  and  Adyo a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  roots;  that  branch  of  Bo- 
tany which  treats  of  the  roots  of  plants. 

RM-zo'nna,  atis*  [From  ptCocu,  to 
“support  by  roots.”]  A root-stock;  a 
perennial,  horizontal,  more  or  less  sub- 
terranean and  root-like  stem,  as  that 
of  the  iris,  Acorns  calamus,  etc. : a rhi- 
zome. 

Rhi<zo>mor'phous.  [Rtiizomos*'- 
plms;  from  pi(,a,  a “root,”  and  popepq, 
475 


RHI 


RHU 


“form.”]  Having  the  form  of  a root; 
root-like. 

Ii5iizophoracese,i:‘  ri-zo-fo-ra'she-e. 
[From  Rhizoph'ora,  one  of  the  genera.] 
Mangroves.  A natural  order  of  exog- 
enous trees  and  shrubs,  found  on  the 
shores  of  tropical  regions,  where  they 
root  in  the  mud  and  form  a dense  thicket 
down  to  the  verge  of  the  sea.  Some 
species  send  down  roots  from  the  branches 
like  the  Banyan. 

Itfii-zopta  o-rons.  [RBaizopEi '©- 
rus;  from  pi$a,  a “root,”  and  (ptpoi,  to 
“ bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  roots. 

Haii-zo-p^yl'IoMs.  [Rtiizoplkyr- 

lus;  from  pi^a,  a “root,”  and  (pvWov,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  leaves  bearing  roots. 

Rbi'zu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  pi$a,  a 
“root.”]  The  very  fine  roots  of  mush- 
rooms : a rhizule. 

Riio'di-imi.*  [From  pobov,  a “rose.”] 
A metal  found  among  the  grains  of 
crude  platina;  named  from  the  rose- 
color  of  its  compounds.  It  is  of  a whitish 
color,  and  very  hard.  Its  specific  gravity 
is  about  11. 

REio-clo-clem'dra,*  the  plural  of 

lihododen' dron,  forming  the  J ussieuan 
name  of  an  order  of  plants,  now  in- 
cluded in  Ericaceae,  which  see. 

Illio-do*den'dron.$  [From  pbboy,  a 
“rose,”  and  bhbpoy , a “tree.”]  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Decandria,  natu- 
ral order  Ericaceae. 

lilimloden'dron  Clurys-an'tSiium.* 

The  dwarf  rosebay,  or  yellow-flowered 
rhododendron  : a narcotic  plant,  some- 
times prescribed  for  gout,  rheumatism,  etc. 

Rho-dog^ra-pEiiy.  [RDiodog-ra'- 
pliia;  from  poboy,  a “rose,”  and  yp-ttyw, 
to  “write.”]  A description  of  roses. 

Rlio-dol'o-gy.  [Rfliodollo'gia;  from 
p')bov,  a “rose,”  and  A oyog,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  roses;  the  science  of  roses. 

Rli o-do-sper ' mils.-  [From  pobov,  a 
“rose,”  and  anippa,  “seed.”]  Having 
seeds  or  sporidia  of  a rose  color. 

REiix/a-diii.  The  coloring  matter  of 
the  Pap  aver  rhoeas. 

Rhoc'as,  a dos*  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the  dried  petals  of 
the  Papaver  Ilhoeas  ; the  Rhoeados  petala 
(“petals  of  Rhoeas”)  of  the  Edinburgh 
Pharmacopoeia. 

Rbomb,  or  IMtioni'bus.^  [Gr.  pop- 
£o;.]  An  oblique-angled  equilateral  par- 
allelogram which  has  two  obtuse  and 
two  acute  angles. 

Rliom-bi-fo'li-us.*  [F  rom  a 

“rhomb,”  and/>7tum,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing rhombic  leaves : l’hombifo'liate. 

476 


Rtaom' bi-form.  [Rbombifor'mis; 

from  poplog,  a “rhomb.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a rhomb. 

RBiom-bip'o-rus.*  [From  popSog,  a 
“rhomb,”  and  po'rus,  a “pore.”]  Hav- 
ing rhombiform  pores. 

RBiom-bo-llie'di*al,  or  Rbom-bo- 
lie'dri-cal.  [Rlaomb^Bie'drus.]  Be- 
longing to  a rhombohedron. 

lilMun- bo-Eie  'd ron . [RBiombo- 

Ii  o' drum;  from  popSog,  a “rhomb,”  and 
cbpa,  a “base.”]  A solid  figure  bounded 
by  six  equal  rhomboid  faces. 

RSiom'boid.  [REiomboi'des : from 
pypSog,  a “rhomb,”  and  tlbog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a rhomb.  A quadrilateral 
figure  whose  opposite  sides  and  angles 
are  equal,  but  which  is  neither  equilateral 
nor  equiangular. 

Rlhom-boM'al.  [Rkomboida'lis; 

from  rhomboi' des,  “resembling  a rhomb/*] 
Approaching  a rhomboid  in  form. 

Rlhom-bo-i 'de-us,*  or  rom-bo-i-de'- 
us.  [From  the  same.]  The  name  of  two 
muscles  (or  of  one  muscle  in  two  parts), 
the  major  and  the  minor,  situated  at  the 
posterior  inferior  part  of  the  neck  and 
upper  part  of  the  back.  They  draw  the 
scapula  backwards  and  upwards. 

Rlfrom'bus.*  The  same  as  Rhomb, 
which  sec. 

RBion'chus.*  [Gr.  poyXog .]  A rat- 
tling sound  in  the  throat,  or  a very 
strong  wheezing.  Sec  Rale. 

RBaai'barb.  [Rbabar'barnm,  and 
RBnc'um;  supposed  to  be  from  Rha,  the 
Volga,  a river  in  Russia,  and  bar' barns, 
“ wild  so  named  because  chiefly  brought 
from  Russia.]  See  Rheum. 

RBiu'barb,  The  Rheum 

palmatum. 

RBioi'barb,  Rais'sian,  RBiii'barb, 
Sa-be'ri-an,  RBiii'barb,  Un'dii-lat- 

ed.  The  Rheum  Russicum  or  tindula- 
tum , the  R.  rhabarbarum  of  Linnaeus. 

RBmmatismc,  ru'm&'t&zm'.  The 
French  term  for  Rheumatism,  which  see. 

Rhus,*  gen.  REio'is.  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Pentandrxa,  natural 
order  Terebinthinacese  or  Anacardiace. x. 
The  sumach-tree.  Also,  a flow  or  dis- 
charge, as  that  of  the  catamenia. 

RDaus  ftlabruui.*  Sumach.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
fruit  of  the  Rhus  glabrum,  the  properties 
of  which  arc  astringent  and  refrigerant. 

Rhus  Rad'i-cans.*  Poison  Vine,  or 
Poison  Ivy.  A plant  which,  when  applied 
to  the  skin,  often  produces  a vesicular 
eruption,  and  sometimes  erysipelatous  in- 
flammation. Sec  llnus  Toxicodendron. 


RHU 


RIM 


Rhus  Tox-i-co-den'drun.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  poison  sumach, 
otherwise  called  poison  oak.  This  plant 
contains  an  acrid  poisonous  principle. 
In  small  doses,  however,  the  leaves  have 
been  given  as  a remedy  in  certain  cuta- 
neous affections.  Many  botanists  regard 
the  Rhus  toxicodendron  and  the  R.  radi- 
c mis  as  merely  varieties  of  one  species. 
See  Rnus  Radicans. 

RSay'as,  sid is*  [From pzM,  to  “flow.”] 
A disease  of  the  eye  consisting  in  a de- 
crease or  defect  of  the  Camncula  lacry- 
malis,  congenital,  accidental,  or  the  re- 
sult of  excision,  causing  an  incurable 
epiphora,  or  continual  flow  of  tears. 

Rhyncholite,  rink'o-llt.  [Rtoyn- 
c3noli'tes;  from  pvyxog,  a “beak,”  and 
yidog,  a “stone.”]  The  petrified  beak  of 
a bird. 

Rhyn~eltos'po-rus.*  [From  pvyxog, 
a “beak,”  and  <nr opa,  “seed.”]  Having 
seeds  prolonged  in  the  form  of  a beak, 
as  the  Rondcletia. 

Rhythm,  riTHm.  [Rhyth'miis; 

from  p Opdg,  a “measured  movement.”] 
Applied  to  the  order  or  proportion  of  time 
which  exists  between  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  or  the  movements  of  any  organ : 
also  to  the  order  which  prevails  in  the 
vibrations  of  sonorous  bodies. 

Rhytidosis.  Sec  Rutidosis. 

Rato.  [Cos'ta.]  One  of  the  bones 
which  enclose  the  chest.  Also,  a strong 
nerve  or  woody  fibre  which  forms  part 
of  the  framework  of  a leaf.  See  Costa. 

Riband-Shaped.  See  Ligulate. 

Ribbed.  A term  applied  to  leaves  in 
which  ribs  or  strong  nerves  run  length- 
wise. 

Ri'bes.*  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Grossula- 
c ese.  The  currant-bush.  Sometimes  also 
applied  to  the  gooseberry-tribe. 

Ri'bes  M'grum.^  The  black-cur- 
rant bush. 

Ri'bes  Ru'brum.i:  The  red-currant 
bush,  of  which  the  white  currant  is  only 
a variety. 

Ribesius,**  ri-be'she-us.  Resembling 
the  genus  Rihes. 

Ribless.  See  Enervis. 

Ricciacese,*  rik-se-a'she-e.  [From 
Ric'cia , one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  flowerless  plants,  allied  to  mosses 
and  lichens. 

Rice.  The  common  name  for  the 
Ory’za  sati'va. 

Rice  Pa'per.  A substance  which  is 
said  to  be  a membrane  of  the  Artocnr'- 
pus  inci'sa,  or  breadfruit-tree.  It  is 

41 


brought  from  China  in  small  pieces  of 
various  colors,  and  is  used  as  a material 
to  paint  upon. 

Ricli-ard-so'ni-a  Sca'brau*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  white  or  undu- 
lated ipecacuanha. 

Ri^'i-nate.  [Ri$'inas,  a't?*.]  A 
combination  of  ricinic  acid  with  a base. 

Ri-cin'ic.  [Ricin'icus;  from  nVi- 
rma.]  Applied  to  one  of  the  three  acids 
produced  by  the  saponification  of  castor 
oil. 

Ric-i-no-i'des.^'  [From  rig’ inns,  and 
eiiog,  a “form.”]  Resembling  the  Rici- 
nus. 

Ri^'I-nws.*  [From  ricinus,  a kind 
of  tick,  which  its  seed  resembles.]  A 
Linnaean  genus  of  the  class  Moncecia, 
natural  order  Euphorbiacese. 

Riv'inus  Com-imi'nis.*  (“  Common 
Ricinus.”)  The  castor-oil  plant. 

Ri^'inus  Vul-ga'ris.*  Another 
name  for  the  Ricinus  communis. 

Rickets,  or  Ra-ehi'tis.*  A disease 
of  children,  characterized  by  a large 
head,  crooked  spine  and  limbs,  tumid 
abdomen,  and  general  debility;  often 
accompanied  with  precocious  mental 
faculties.  The  disease  appears  to  con- 
sist essentially  in  the  non-deposition  of 
phosphate  of  lime  in  the  osteoid  tissues. 
[Respecting  the  etymology  of  Rickets , 
much  diversity  of  opinion  has  prevailed. 
Some  have  erroneously  supposed  it  to 
be  a corruption  of  rachitis.  Dr.  Good 
has,  in  all  probability,  suggested  the  true 
derivation  of  the  word,  referring  it  to 
the  Anglo-Saxon  rieg  or  hric  (German 
Riicken ),  the  “back,” — the  name  rickets, 
as  well  as  rachitis , implying  that  the 
back,  or  spine,  is  one  of  the  principal 
seats  of  the  disease.] 

Ric'tus.*  [From  rin'gor,  ric'tvs,  to 
“grin.”]  The  opening  between  the  lips 
of  ringent,  or  personate,  flowers. 

Rig-i-di-foli-ns.*  [From  rig’idus , 
“stiff,”  “rigid,”  and  f o’ Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  rigid  leaves:  rigidifo'lious. 

Ri-gid'i-ty.  [Rigid 'itas.  a ,'tis  ; 
from  rig'idus,  “stiff,”  “rigid.”]  Stiff- 
ness; inflexibility;  rigidness.  In  Me- 
chanics, a resistance  to  a change  of 
form. 

Rig'or,  o' vis*  [From  pry  cm,  to  “be- 
come cold.”]  A sudden  coldness,  with 
shivering.  See  Algor. 

Ri  ma.;i;  A chink,  fissure,  cleft,  or 
crack. 

Ri'ma  Glot'ti-dis.*  (“  Cleft  or 
Fissure  of  the  Glottis.”)  The  opening 
of  the  glottis,  or  rather  of  the  larynx. 

477 


RIM 


ROS 


Ri-mose',  or  Ri'mous.  [Rsmo- 
sus;  from  ri'ma,  a “ crack,”  or  “chink.”] 
Full  of  fissures,  or  cracks. 

Rim'n*la.i:  [Diminutive  of  ri'ma,  a 
“crack,”  or  “chink.”]  A small  fissure, 
cleft,  or  crack. 

IKing.  Sec  Annulus. 

Ring,  Abdominal.  See  Abdomi- 
nal Ring. 

Ring,  Fem'o-ral.  [Annulus 
Femiora'lis.]  An  opening  bounded  in 
front  by  Poupart’s  ligament,  behind  by 
the  pubes,  on  the  outer  side  by  the  fem- 
oral vein,  on  the  inner  by  Gimbernat’s 
ligament. 

Rin'gent.  [Rin'gens;  from  nV- 
gor , to  “grin.”]  Gaping;  grinning. 
Applied  to  flowers. 

Rin-gen-ti-fiio'rns.*  [From  rin'gens , 
“ grinning,”  or  “gaping,”  and  jlos,  a 
“flower.”]  Applied  to  the  calathidium 
and  the  disk  in  the  Synantherse , when 
composed  of  ringent  corollas. 

Ring-Bike.  See  Cricoid. 

Ring' worm.  The  common  name  of 
Herpes  circinatus. 

Ring'worm  of  ttie  Scalp.  The 

disease  termed  Porrigo  scutulata. 

Ri-pa/ri-ons.  [Ripa'rins;  from 
ri'pa,  a “bank  of  a river.”]  Growing 
along  rivers  or  water-courses.  Applied 
to  plants. 

Rip'ples.  A popular  term  in  Scot- 
land for  Tabes  Dorsalis,  which  see. 

Ri-so'ri-ns.*  [From  ri'deo , ri'sum , 
to  “laugh.”]  The  “laughing”  muscle 
of  Santorini;  a thin  muscular  plane 
which  arises  before  the  parotid  gland, 
and  proceeds  towards  the  angle  of  the 
mouth,  which  it  draws  backwards  and 
upwards,  and  thus  contributes  to  give  a 
smiling  expression  to  the  countenance. 

Risus  Caninus.  See  Sardonic 
Laugh. 

Ri'sns  Sar-don'i-cns.*  The  Latin 
term  for  Sardonic  Laugh,  which  see. 

Ri-vin'I-an  Rwcts.  The  excretory 
ducts  of  the  sublingual  glands,  first 
pointed  out  by  Rivinus. 

Roast  ing.  The  protracted  applica- 
tion of  heat,  below  the  fusing-point,  to 
metallic  ores,  in  order  to  expel  from 
them  the  volatile  ingredients,  such  as 
sulphur,  carbonic  acid,  etc. 

Rob.  [From  the  Arabic.]  A syrup 
made  from  the  juice  of  fruits  with  sugar, 
and  reduced  to  a greater  consistency  by 
boiling. 

Ro-bin'i-a  Pseu'do-Aca'cia*  or 
Pseuda<*acia*  (sud-a-ka'shc-a).  The 
systematic  name  of  the  locust-tree,  a 
478 


native  of  the  United  States.  The  bark 
of  the  root  is  said  to  be  emetic  and  ca- 
thartic. 

Rob'o-rant.  [Rob'orans;  from 
rob'oro , to  “make  strong.”]  Giving 
strength;  strengthening. 

Roc-^el'Ia  Tinc-tori-a,::'  or  Dyers’ 
ILieh'en.  The  plant  which  yields  litmus. 
See  Lichen  Roccella. 

Roc-^el'late.  [Roccel'Ias,  a 'tis.~\ 
A combination  of  roccellic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Roc-^el'Iic.  [Roccel'Iicus.]  Ap- 
plied to  a peculiar  acid  discovered  in 
the  Roccella  tinctoria. 

RooeBIa.  See  Roccella  Tinctoria. 

Ro-clicMe'  Salt.  The  tartrate  of 
potash  and  soda. 

Rodk-Rnt'ter.  A common  name  for 
the  substance  anciently  termed  Alu'men 
liq'uidum , or  “liquid  alum.” 

R©eR-<MI.  See  Petroleum. 

Roclk'-Salt.  A name  given  to  native 
massive  salt,  found  in  mines  in  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Ro'dens.*  [From  ro'do,  to  “ gnaw.”] 
Gnawing.  Applied  in  the  plural  neuter 
{Roden' tia)  to  an  order  of  Mammalia 
characterized  by  two  large  incisor  teeth 
in  each  jaw.  It  comprises  the  beaver, 
rat,  squirrel,  etc. 

Ro'deait.  [From  the  same.]  A term 
applied  to  certain  animals.  See  Rodens. 

Rodentia,-'  ro-den'shc-a,  the  neu- 
ter plural  of  Rodens,  which  see. 

Rod-Shaped.  See  Virgate. 

Rogue,  ron.  A French  name  for 
“itch.”  See  Psora. 

Rognetta’s  (r^n-yet'taz)  Opera- 
tion. See  Phacocystectome. 

RoBl'er.  A long  band  of  linen, 
calico,  or  flannel,  wound  up  from  one  or 
both  ends. 

RonfflcEnent,  riNfTmoN0'.  The 
French  name  for  “ snoring.”  See  Ster- 
tor. 

Root.  See  Radix. 

Root'let.  A very  small  root  or  ulti- 
mate branch  of  a root. 

Root'stoek.  The  same  as  RnizoMA, 
which  see. 

Mo-riTer-ons.  [Ror'ifer,  or  Ro- 

riferws;  from  ros,  ro’ris,  “ dew,”  and 
fc'ro , to  “bear.”]  Producing  or  bear- 
ing dew.  Applied  in  Anatomy  to  ves- 
sels which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  the 
surface  of  organs. 

Ro'sa.*  [Gr.  /$<S<W.]  The  Rose.  A 
Linncean  genus  of  the  class  Icosandria, 
natural  order  Rosacese. 

Ro'sa  C^-ni'na.*  (“Dog  Rose.”) 


EOS 


ROT 


Hips.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br. 
Ph.)  for  the  ripe  fruit  of  the  dog  rose,  or 
hip-tree ; the  wild-brier. 

Ro'sa  Cen-ti-fo'li-a.*  (“  Hundred- 
leaved  Rose.”)  Pale  Rose,  or  Cabbage 
Rose.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for 
the  petals  of  the  Rosa  centifolia. 

Rosa  Ram-as-ce'na.*  (“Damask 
Rose.”)  The  Rosa  centifolia. 

Ro'sa  Gal'li-ca.*  (“  F rench  Rose.”) 
Red  Rose.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  || 
for  the  petals  of  the  Rosa  Gallica. 

Rosa  Pal'Ii-da.*  (“Pale  Rose.”) 
Another  name  for  the  Rosa  centi/olia. 

Rosa  Rubra.*  (“Red  Rose.”) 
The  Rosa  Gallica. 

Rosa  Syl-ves'tris.*  (“Wood  Rose.”) 
Another  name  for  the  Rosa  canina. 

Rosaceay*  ro-sa'she-e.  A natural  or- 
derof  exogenous  plants  (herbsor  shrubs), 
natives  chiefly  of  the  temperate  or  cold 
climates  of  the  northern  hemisphere. 
This  order,  which  is  unsurpassed  for 
beauty  and  perfume,  comprises,  among 
other  genera,  the  Rose  ( Ro'sa ),  Rasp- 
berry ( Ru'bus ),  Strawberry  ( Fraga'ria ), 
and  Spirse'a. 

Ro-sa'ceous.  [Rosa'ceus.]  Re- 
sembling a rose.  Applied  specially  to  a 
form  of  polypetalous  corolla,  with  five 
short-clawed  spreading  petals. 

Ro-sa^'ic  A^'icl.  A name  applied 
by  Prout  to  a.  substance  of  a rose-color, 
deposited  by  the  urine  on  the  access  of 
intermittent  fever. 

Ro-sa'll-a.*  [From  ro'sa,  a “rose :” 
named  on  account  of  its  color.]  An 
ancient  name  for  Scarlatina,  which 
see. 

Ros'^id.  [Ros'cidus;  from  ros, 
“dew.”]  Dewy;  moistened  with  dew. 

Rose.  A plant.  (See  Rosa.)  Also,  a 
name  for  erysipelas. 

Rose  Camphor.  A solid  oil  of  roses, 
one  of  the  two  volatile  oils  composing 
attar  of  roses;  the  other  is  a liquid  oil. 
The  former  is  a stearopten. 

Rose,  Christ'mas.  The  Helleborus 
niger. 

Rose  Rasli.  See  Roseola. 

Ro-sel'la.*  [Diminutive  of  ro'sa,  a 
“rose.”]  A rosette.  Applied  to  a mass 
of  small  leaves,  of  various  form  and 
color,  terminating  the  stem  of  certain 
mosses. 

Rose'ma-ry.  The  common  name  of 
the  Rosmarinus  officinalis. 

Ro-se'o-la.*  [Diminutive  of  ro'sa,  a 
“rose.”]  A rose-colored  rash,  not  con- 
tagious, and  without  papulse,  mostly 
symptomatic  of  different  febrile  diseases. 


Rosette.  See  Rosella. 

Rosin.  See  Resin. 

Ros-ma-ri'nus.*  [From  ros,  “ dew,* 
and  mari’nus,  “belonging  to  the  soa.”] 
Rosemary.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the  class 
Diandria,  natural  order  Labiates  or  Lami- 
aceee.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  tops  of  the  Rosmarinus 
officinalis. 

Rosmari'nus  Of-fi$-I-na'lis.‘*  The 

plant  termed  rosemary. 

Ros'tel-late.  [Rostella'tus;  from 
rostel'lum,  a “little  beak.”]  Prolonged 
into  a small  rigid  and  sometimes  crooked 
point. 

Ros-tel'lum.*  [Diminutive  of  ros' - 
trnm,  a “beak.”]  A little  beak.  Applied 
to  any  similar  object. 

Rostral.  [Rostra'lis.]  Resem- 
bling a beak. 

Ros'trate.  [Rostra'tus ; from  ro«'- 
trum,  a “beak.”]  Having  a beak; 
beaked.  Applied  to  plants. 

Ros-tri-cor'uis.*  [From  ros'trum , 
a “beak,”  and  cor'nu,  a “horn.”]  Ap- 
plied to  insects  having  the  antennae  upon 
a prolongation  of  the  head. 

Ros' tri-form.  [Rostrifor'mis; 
from  ros'trum , a “beak.”]  Formed  like 
a beak. 

Ros'trum.-  A Latin  word  signify- 
ing the  beak  of  a bird,  or  the  snout  of  a 
beast.  Applied  to  a ridge,  also  called 
the  azygous  process,  observed  on  the 
median  line  of  the  lower  aspect  of  the 
sphenoid  bone.  Also,  the  name  given  to 
certain  kinds  of  forceps  formerly  used, 
from  their  resemblance  to  the  beaks  of 
different  birds. 

Ros'u-lar,  or  Ros'n-late.  [Rosu- 
la'rius;  from  ro'sa,  a “rose.”]  Shaped 
like  a rosette;  arranged  as  the  petals  of 
a double  rose. 

Rosy-I>rop.  See  Acne  Rosacea. 

Ro-ta-^is'mus.*  [Gr.  poraKiancg.] 
The  harsh  vibration  of  the  letter  r,  called 
a “burr,”  common  in  the  northern  parts 
of  England. 

Ro'tate.  [Rota'tus;  from  ro'ta , a 
“wheel.”]  Wheel-shaped.  Applied  to 
a form  of  monopetalous  flowers,  e.g.  the 
blossom  of  the  potato. 

Ro-ta'tion.  [Rota'tio,  o'nis;  from 
ro'to,  rota' turn,  to  “turn  round.”]  The 
act  of  rotating  or  turning  round.  In 
Astronomy,  the  motion  of  a heavenly 
body  on  its  axis. 

Ro-ta'tor,  o'r?V*  [From  the  same.] 
Applied  to  certain  muscles  employed  in 
producing  a circular  movement. 

Ro-tif'e-ra,*  or  Rot'I-fers.  [See 
479 


ROT 


RUB 


Rotiferus.]  The  second  class  of  the 
Diploneura , or  Helminthoida,  consisting 
of  minute  soft  aquatic  animals,  with 
distinct  muscular  and  nervous  systems, 
and  having  the  appearance  of  revolving 
wheels  produced  by  the  rapid  movement 
of  the  cilia  placed  round  the  mouth. 

Rotifers.  See  Rotifera. 

Ro-  tif'er-us.*  [From  ro'ta , a 
“wheel,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Having, 
or  bearing,  wheels:  rotiferous.  See 
Rotifera. 

Ro'ti-form.  [Rotiffor'mis ; from 
ro'ta , a “wheel.”]  Having  the  form  of 
a-  wheel. 

Rott-le'ra.*  Kameela.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  namo  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  pow- 
der and  hairs  obtained  from  the  capsules 
of  the  Rottle'ra  tincto'ria.  This  medicine, 
the  product  of  a plant  growing  in  India, 
is  said  to  be  almost  invariably  successful 
in  destroying  the  tape-worm.  It  is 
given  in  the  dose  of  from  two  to  four 
drachms,  rarely,  if  ever,  requiring  to  be 
repeated. 

Rot '11 -la.'*'  [Diminutive  of  ro'ta , a 
“ wheel.”]  A little  wheel.  Another 
name  for  the  knee-pan.  See  Patella. 

Rot'u-lar.  [Rotula'ris.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  rotula.  Applied  by  Dr.  Bar- 
clay as  meaning  towards  the  rotula , or 
patella. 

Rot'u-late.  [Rotula'  tus;  from 
rot'ula,  a “little  wheel.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a little  wheel. 

Ro-tnnd'.  [From rotun'dm,  “round.”] 
Having  a rounded  outline,  as  parts  of 
some  plants. 

Ro-t uii 'date.  The  same  as  Rotund, 
which  see. 

Ro-tun-di-fo'li-us.*  [From  rotun'- 
dus,  “round,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  round  leaves:  rotundifoTiate. 

Rouge,  roozh.  A cosmetic,  or  dye, 
prepared  from  Car'thamus  tincto'rius. 

Rougeole,  roo'zhol'.  The  French 
term  for  “measles.”  See  Rubeola. 

Rough.  See  Scaber. 

Roughness.  See  Scabrities. 

Round-leaved.  See  Rotundi- 
folius. 

Round  Idga-ment*  [Ligamen  - 

tum  Te'res.]  The  name  applied  to  a 
short  ligament  connecting  the  head  of 
the  femur  with  the  cotyloid  cavity. 

Round  Iiig'amentN.  [Ligamen'- 
ta  Rotun  da.  ] Applied  to  two  flatfish 
cords  attached  to  the  sidep  of  the  uterus, 
a little  below,  and  in  front  of,  the  origin 
of  the  Fallopian  tubes. 

Routinist,  roo-teen'ist.  [From  rou- 
480 


tine'.]  Applied  to  a physician  who  in 
his  practice  follows  an  unvarying  routine, 
without  taking  into  consideration  the 
varieties  of  the  disease  or  the  peculiari- 
ties of  his  patient’s  constitution. 

RoxburgBiiacese,*  rox-bur-ge-a'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  twining 
shrubs,  found  in  the  hotter  parts  of 
India.  It  consists  of  a single  genus, 
the  Roxbur'ghia.  Lindley  regards  them 
as  belonging  to  a transition  class,  par- 
taking of  the  nature  of  endogens  and 
exogens. 

Roy'al  Stitch.  The  name  of  an  old 
operation  for  the  cure  of  bubonocele. 
It  consisted  in  putting  a ligature  under 
the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac,  close  to  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  then  tying  that  part 
of  the  sac  so  as  to  render  it  impervious 
by  the  adhesive  inflammation  thus  ex- 
cited. 

Rubbing'  Sound.  See  Bruit  de 
Frottement. 

Rw-be'do,  d 'inis.®  [From  ru'ber , 
“red.”]  A diffused  redness  of  the  skin, 
as  in  blushing. 

Ru-be-fa/cient.  [Rubefa'ciens; 

from  rubefa'cio,  to  “make  red.”]  Applied 
to  any  substance  which  reddens  and  irri- 
tates without  blistering  the  skin. 

Ru-be'o-la.*  [From  ru'beo , to 
“blush.”]  (Fr.  Rougeole,  roo'zhol'.)  The 
measles,  a disease  attended  with  inflam- 
matory fever,  dry  cough,  sneezing,  drow- 
siness, and  an  eruption  of  small  red 
points,  perceptible  by  the  touch.  A genus 
of  the  order  Exanthemata,  class  Pyre: rise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ru-be'o-loid.  [Rubeoloi'des;  from 
rube'ola,  the  “measles.”]  Resembling 
rubeola. 

Ru'bi-a.*  [From  ru’ber , “red.”] 

Madder.  A Linnman  genus  of  the  class 
Tetrandria,  natural  order  Rubiacese  or 
Chichonacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the  Rubia 
tinctorum . 

Ru'bia  Tine- to 'rum.*  (“Dyers’ 
Madder.”)  The  systematic  name  of  the 
madder-plant,*  the  root  is  called  Radix 
rubra  (“red-root”). 

Rubiacese,*  ru-be-a'she-e.  [From 
Ru'bia,  one  of  the  genera.]  The  Jus- 
sieunn  name  of  an  order  of  plants  the 
saino  as  Cinchonace^:,  which  see. 

Ru-bl-a'ceous.  [Rubia'cews;  from 
Ru'bia.]  Resembling  the  Rubia. 

Ru'bf-an.  A term  sometimes  applied 
to  the  coloring  matter  of  madder.  See 
Alizarin. 

Ru'bi-cund.  [Rubicun'dus ; from 


RUB 


RUN 


ru'beo,  to  “be  red.”]  Red,  reddish,  or 
rosy. 

Ru'bi-forui.  [Rubifor'mis;  from 
Jin' bus , the  “raspberry.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a raspberry. 

Ru-big'i-u©us,  or  Ru-big'i-n©se. 
[RMbigiii©'sus ; from  rubi'go,  rubig'in  is, 
“rust.”]  Having  the  color  of  rust; 
rusty-reddish. 

Ru-bi'g©,*  gen.  Ru-bi&'i-nis.  A 

Latin  word  signifying  “mildew”  or 
“ rust.” 

Rubi'g©  Fer'ri.*  (“Rust  of  Iron.”) 
A preparation  made  by  exposing  moist- 
ened iron  wire  to  the  air  until  it  is  con- 
verted into  rust.  It  is  essentially  the 
same  as  the  Sesquioxide  of  Iron,  which 
see. 

Ru-bri-cau'lis.*  [From  rn'ber , “ red,” 
and  cau'lis,  a “ stem.”]  Having  a red 
stem : rubricau'line. 

Rii-bri-fio'rous.  [Rubriflo'rus ; 

from  rn'ber,  “red,”  andyfos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  red  flowers. 

Ru'bu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  Ru'bus.] 
The  specific  name  for  the  yaws  in  Good’s 
Nosology.-  See  Anthracia  Rubula. 

Ru'bus.  - [From  ru'ber,  “red.”]  A 
Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Icosandria, 
natural  order  Rosacese. 

Ru'bus. * Blackberry-root.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  Rubus  Canadensis,  and  of  Rubus 
villosus. 

Ru'bus  Cse'sl-us.*  The  dewberry- 
plant,  or  heath  bramble,  the  fruit  being 
similar  to  the  blackberry. 

Ru'bus  Fru-ti-co'sus.*  The  com- 
mon bramble,  which  yields  blackberries. 

Ru'bus  I-dae'us.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  raspberry-plant. 

Ru  by.  [From  ru'beo,  to  “be  red.”] 
A crystallized  gem  of  various  shades  of 
red,  consisting  chiefly  of  alumina.  The 
Oriental  ruby,  or  red  sapphire,  is  a rare 
and  precious  gem. 

Ruclatio.  See  Ructus. 

Ruc-tu-o'sus.*  [From  ruc’tus,  a 
“belch.”]  Having  eructation  or  belching. 

Ruc'tus.*  [From  epevyogai,  to 
“belch.”]  An  eructation,  belching,  or 
discharge  of  wind  from  the  stomach. 

Rud'dle.  A kind  of  red  chalk. 

Ru'de-ral.  [From  ru'dus , ru'deris, 
“rubbish.”]  Growing  among  rubbish. 
Applied  to  plants. 

Ru'di-ment.  [Rudimen'tum ; 

from  ru'dis,  “raw,”  “inexperienced.”] 
The  first  instruction  given  to  children; 
a first  principle  in  science;  the  origin 
or  rude  state  of  any  thing. 

41* 


Ru-di-Bwen'ta-ry.  [Rudimen- 

ta'rius;  from  the  same.]  Relating  to 
rudiments.  In  Botany,  imperfectly  or 
incompletely  developed. 

Rue.  The  common  English  name  for 
the  Ruta  graveolens. 

Ru-fi-ner'vis.*  [From  ru'fus,  “red,” 
and  Her' vus,  a “nerve.”]  Having  ruddy- 
colored  nervures. 

Ru'fous.  [Ru'fus.]  Brownish-red. 

Ru'gu,*  plural  Ru'ga?.  (Fr.  Ride , 
r£d,  and  PH,  plA)  A wrinkle. 

Ru-gi-fo'li-us.*  [From  ru'ga,  a 
“wrinkle,”  and  f o' lium,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing wrinkled  leaves:  rugifo'lious. 
Rug-ine.  Sec  Raspatory. 

Ru-gose'.  [Rugo'sus;  from  ru'ga, 
a “wrinkle.”]  Rugged;  wrinkled. 

Ruui.  [Spir'itus  Jauiaicen'sis.] 
Jamaica  spirit.  A well-known  spirituous 
liquor,  obtained  from  the  sugar-cane. 

Ru'mex,  teas.*  Yellow  Dock.  A 
Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Hexandria , 
natural  order  Pohjgonacesc.  Also,  the 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  the  Rumex  crispus . 

Ru'mex  A$-e-to'sa.*  The  common 
sorrel,  or  sour-dock. 

Ru'mi-naut,  or  Ru'mi-nat-ing. 
[Ru'miuans;  from  ru'mino,  rumina'- 
turn,  to  “ chew  the  cud.”]  Chewing  the 
cud.  Applied  to  an  order  of  animals. 
See  Rumixantia. 

Riiniinautia,*  ru-me-nan'she-a. 

[See  Ruminant.]  The  name  of  an  order 
of  Mammalia,  comprising  the  cow,  sheep, 
and  deer.  They  all  have  four  stomachs. 

Ka'mi-jiat-ed.  [Perhaps  from  ru'- 
men,  a “throat,”  or  “opening.”]  Pene- 
trated with  holes  or  channels.  Applied 
to  the  albumen  of  seeds. — (Gray.) 

Ru-mi-na'ti<o»n.  [Rumiiia'tio, 
© 'nis;  see  Ruminant.]  Chewing  the  cud, 
or  bringing  up  of  the  food,  which  has 
been  swallowed,  into  the  mouth  again  to 
be  properly  chewed.  A physiological 
peculiarity  of  a certain  order  of  ani- 
mals. 

Run'ci-nate.  [Runcina'tus ; from 

runci'na,  a “large  saw.”]  Notched,  like 
a saw;  with  the  teeth  turned  backwards, 
i.e.  towards  the  base  of  a leaf. 

Ruai'ner.  A prostrate  slender  branch 
sent  off  from  the  base  of  the  parent  stem. 
It  strikes  root  at  its  apex,  and  produces 
a tuft  of  leaves,  thus  giving  rise  to  an 
independent  plant,  as  in  the  Straw- 
berry. 

Run'uing.  Popularly  applied  to  a 
continual  discharge  or  flow  of  pus  or 
mucus. 


481 


RUP 


SAC 


Rupellensis  Sal.  See  Sal  Rupel- 

lensis. 

Ru-pes'trme.  [From  ru'pes,  a 
“rock.”]  Growing  naturally  or  spon- 
taneously on  rocks. 

Ru'pi-a.*  [From  p?ro,~,  “sordes.”] 
An  eruptive  disease  in  which  there  are 
broad  flat  vesicles,  succeeded  by  an  ill- 
conditioned  discharge  which  thickens 
into  superficial  scabs,  easily  detached 
and  immediately  replaced  by  new  ones. 

Rup'tile.  [From  rum'po,  rup'tum, 
to  “break,”  or  “burst.”]  Bursting 
irregularly.  Applied  to  parts  of  plants. 

Rupture.  [From  the  same.]  A 
popular  name  for  Hernia,  which  see. 

Ru-ric'o-lus.*  [From  rus,  ru'ris,  the 
“country,”  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit.”] 
Living  in  the  country,  or  fields. 

Rust.  [Rubi'go,  g'inis.]  The  sub- 
stance which  is  formed  on  the  surface  of 
iron  and  some  other  metals  when  ex- 
posed to  the  air  and  moisture.  The  rust 
of  iron  ( rubigo  ferri ) is  essentially  a ses- 
quioxide  (or  peroxide)  of  iron. 

Rus-tic'o-lus.*  [From  rus,  the 
“ country,”  and  co'lo,  to  “ inhabit.”]  Liv- 
ing in  fields  or  meadows.  Applied  to 
certain  birds. 

Ru'ta.*  Rue.  A Linnsean  genus 
of  the  class  Decandria,  natural  order 
Rutacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  the  Ru'ta 
grav'  eolens. 

Ru'ta  Grav'e-o-lems.*  (“Heavy- 
smelling Rue.”)  The  common  rue-plant. 

Rutacese,*  ru-ta'she-e,  or  Ru'tse.* 


A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
mostly  trees  or  shrubs,  found  in  many 
warm  regions.  It  includes  Ru'ta  (Rue), 
and  Rictam'nus,  a fragrant  plant  which 
emits  an  inflammable  vapor. 

Ru-ta'ceous.  [Ruta'ceus.]  Re- 
sembling rue  ( Ruta ). 

Ru-tlie'iii-um.*  A new  metal  dis- 
covered in  native  platinum  in  1844.  It 
is  hard  and  brittle,  and  has  a specific 
gravity  of  about  8.5. 

Ru-ti-do'sis,*  written  also  Rtiyt-i- 
do'sis,*  and  Ryt-i-do'sis.*  [From  finis, 
a “wrinkle.”]  A shrinking  or  puckering 
of  the  cornea,  regarded  as.  a certain  sign 
of  approaching  death. 

Ruysch  (roisK),  Membrane  of. 
See  next  article. 

Ruy-sehi-a'na,  Mem-bra'na.* 

(“  Ruyschian  Membrane,”  or  “ Membrane 
of  Ruysch.”)  The  internal  layer  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye:  first  particular- 
ized by  Ruysch;  also  called  Tunica  Ruy- 
sch iana. 

Kuy'scM-i,  Tu'ni-ca  Cel-lu-lo'sa.* 

(“  Cellular  Coat  of  Ruysch.”)  The  celiu- 
lar  coat  of  the  intestines,  described  by 
Ruysch. 

Rye.  A kind  of  cereal  grain,  used 
for  bread.  (See  Secale;)  The  seeds  are 
sometimes  infected  with  a parasitic  fun- 
gus, when  they  acquire  medicinal  and 
poisonous  qualities.  See  Ergota. 

Rye,  Ergot  of.  See  Ergota. 

Rye,  Spurred.  The  Secale  cornutum, 
or  ergot  of  rye. 

Rytidosis.  See  Rutidosis. 


S. 


S.  = Semis' sis.*  “Half.” 

S.  A.,  or  S.  A.  E.  = Secun’dum  ar'tem* 
“According  to  art,”  or  Secun'dum  ar'tis 
le'ges .*  “According  to  the  rules  of  art.” 

Sab-a-dil'la.*  [From  the  Spanish 
Cehe'da,  “ barley.”]  Cevadilla.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  seed 
of  Vera'trum  sabadil'la ; but  according 
to  the  British  Pharmacopoeia,  the  dried 
fruit  of  the  Asagrse’a  officina'lis. 

Sab-a-dil'lin.  [Sabadilli'na.]  An 
excessively  acrid  white  substance  ob- 
tained from  the  seeds  of  the  Veratrum 
sabadiUa  and  Helonias  officinalis. 

Sabbat  ia,*  sab-ba'she-a.  American 
Centaury.  The  Pharmacipceial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb  of  the  Sabba'tia 
an'jula'ris. 

Sabi  na.  Savine.  The  Pharma- 
482 


copoeial  name  ||  for  the  tops  of  Juniperus 

Sabina. 

Sab-u-lic'o-lus.*  [From  sab'ulum, 
“sand,”  or  “gravel,”  and  co'lo,  to  “in- 
habit.”] Growing  or  living  in  sand. 

Sab'u-line.  The  same  as  Sabulous, 
which  see. 

Sab'u-lose.  [From  sab'ulum, 

“sand,”  or  “gravel.”]  Growing  in  sand. 
Applied  to  certain  plants. 

Sab'u-lous.  [Sabulo'sus;  from  the 
same.]  Gritty;  sandy. 

Sa-bur'ra.*  A Latin  wor  1 for  “ bal- 
last.” Applied  to  foulness  of  the  sto- 
mach ; sordc?. 

Saccate,  or  Sac'cat-od.  [Sacca'- 
tus;  from  aac'cus,  a “sac.”]  Contained 
in  a membranous  bag  : also,  formed  like 
a sac ; sac-shaped. 


SAC 


SAC 


Sac'clia-rat-ed.  [Saecliara'tus ; 

from  sac'chanim,  ‘‘sugar.”]  Having  or 
containing  sugar. 

Sac-clia-replli-i-dro'sis.*  [From 
sac’chanim , “sugar,”  and  ephidro’sis,  a 
“sweating.”]  A saccharine  sweating. 

Sac'clia-ri  Fsex.*  (“  Dregs  of  Su- 
gar.”) Treacle,  or  molasses. 

Sac-clia-rif'er-ous.  [Saccharif 
erus ; from  sac'chanim,  “sugar,”  and 
A 'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Yielding  sugar. 

Sac-elia-rl-fi-CiVtiou.  [Sacclia- 
rilica'tio,  o ’nis  ; from  sac'chanim,  “su- 
gar,” and  fa’ cio,  to  “make.”]  The  con- 
version of  a substance  into  sugar,  as 
starch  when  treated  bjr  sulphuric  acid. 

Sac-€h:>-ri-fl-ca'tus.s  [From  the 
same.]  Converted  into  sugar. 

Sac'clia-rine.  [Sacchari'nns;  from 
sac’chanim , “sugar.”]  Belonging  to 
sugar,  or  having  the  properties  of  sugar. 

Sac'clm-roid.  [Saccliaroi'des ; 
from  sac’chanim , “sugar,”  and  eldog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  loaf-sugar  in  tex- 
ture. Applied  to  minerals. 

Sac-clia-r©r©-£y.  [Saccliarol©'- 
gia;  from  sac'charum,  sugar,”  and 
Adyof,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  su- 
gar ; or  the  science  of  sugar. 

Sac-clia-rom  'e-ter.  [Saccharom  '- 
etruin ; from  sac’chanim , “sugar,”  and 
filrpo!/,  a “ measure.”]  An  instrument  for 
ascertaining  the  quantity  of  sugar  in 
liquors,  syrups,  etc. 

Sac'dia-rum.*  [From  the  Arabic 
Shak'ar  or  Shak’kar .]  A Linnmnn  genus 
of  the  class  Triandria,  natural  order 
Graminacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  sugar  of  the  Sac’- 
chanim oficina’ rum  refined:  the  Saccha- 
rum  album  of  the  British  Pharmacopoeia. 
See  Sugar. 

Sac'clianim  A-cer'num.-  (“Maple 
Sugar.”)  Sugar  obtained  from  the  A'cer 
sncchari’ num ; also  called  Sac'chanim 
Canaden'se. 

Sac'cliarum  Album.5  (“White 
Sugar.”)  Refined  sugar;  loaf-sugar. 

Sac'cli aru m Can-a-den'se.*  (“Ca- 
nadian Sugar.”)  A name  for  the  Sac’- 
charum  acer’num , or  maple-sugar. 

Sac'chanim  Com-mu'ne*  (“  Com- 
mon Sugar”),  Sac'chanim  Nou-jm- 
ri-fl-ca'tum*  (“Unpurified  Sugar”). 
Systematic  terms  for  moist  sugar;  other- 
wise termed  Muscovado  sugar. 

Sac'chanim  Inc'tis.*  (“  Sugar  of 
Milk.”)  The  name  applied  to  a crystal- 
line substance  obtained  from  whey,  in 
hard  white  masses,  having  a sweet  taste, 
and  the  specific  gravity  1.5.  It  has  been 


assigned  a place  on  the  primary  list  of 
the  Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharma- 
copoeia for  1860.  It  has  also  been  in- 
serted in  the  list  of  the  British  Pharma- 
copoeia. Used  as  a bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet  in  certain  diseases. 

Sac'chanim  Ol-fi^-i-na'le,*  or 
Sac'chanim  Of-fi?-i.na'rum.5  (“Of- 
ficinal Saccharum.”)  Names  for  the  su- 
gar-cane. 

Sac'chanim  Ssy-tur'ni.*  (“Sugar 
of  Lead.”)  The  Acctas  plumbi. 

Sac-cho-lac'late.  [Saccltolac'tas, 

a ’lis.]  A combination  of  saccholactic 
acid  with  a base. 

Sac-cho-lac'tic.  [Saccholac'ti- 
cus;  from  sac'chanim , “sugar,”  and  lac, 
“milk.”]  Applied  to  mucic  acid,  be- 
cause first  obtained  from  sugar  of  milk. 

Sac-cho-lac'tic  A^'id.  [Saccho- 
lac'ticum  A^'idum.]  The  same  as 
Mucic  Acid. 

Sac-^if 'er-us.-  [From  sae'eus,  a 
“sac,”  and  fe’ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or 
having  a sac  or  sac-likc  appendage.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

Sac'^i-form.  [Saccifor'mis;  from 

sac’ cus,  a “sac.”]  Formed  like  a sac. 

Sac'cu-lat-ed.  [Saccula'tus;  from 
sac' cuius,  a “little  sac.”]  Bagged,  or 
pursed  out  in  little  expansions. 

Sac'culc.  [Sac'culus;  diminutive 
of  sac' cus,  a “ sac.”]  A little  sac  or  pouch. 

Sac-cu-lo'sus.*  [From  sac'culus,  a 
“little  sac.”]  Having  little  sacs. 

Sac'culus  Ad-i-po'sus.*  (“  Adipose 
Sac.”)  The  bursa  mucosa  of  a joint. 

Sac'culus  Cor'dis.*  (“  Sac  of  the 
Heart.”)  A name  for  the  pericardium. 

Sac'culus  (or  Sac'cus)  L,acli-ry- 
ma'lis.5  The  lachrymal  sac  or  bag,  a 
small  cavity  forming  the  commencement 
of  the  passage  which  conducts  the  tears 
from  the  eye  to  the  nose. 

Sac'culus  Fa-ryn'gis.*  (“Little 
Sac  of  the  Larynx.”)  A pouch  extend- 
ing upward  from  the  ventricle  of  the 
larynx  to  the  upper  border  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage. 

Sac'culus  Pro'pri-us.*  The  smaller 
of  the  two  sacs  of  the  vestibulum  of  the 
ear,  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  audi- 
tory nerve. 

Sac'cus.^  A Latin  word  signifying 
a “ sac.” 

Sa'cer  Ig'nis.*  (“  Sacred  Fire.”) 
A term  for  erysipelas ; also  formerly  ap- 
plied to  Herpes  exedens. 

Sa'cer  Mor'lins**  (“Sacred  Dis- 
ease.”) A name  for  Epilepsy,  which  see. 

Sa'cer  Mus'cu-lus.*  (“  Sacred  Mus' 
483 


SAG 


SAL 


cie.”)  A designation  of  the  t)  ansversa'lis 
lumbo'rum. 

Sack.  A wine  formerly  much  used, 
said  to  be  brought  from  the  Canary 
Islands,  and  called  Canary ; also  applied 
to  a wine  brought  from  Malaga  in  Spain. 

Sa'cral.  [Lat.  Sacra'lis;  Fr.  Sacre , 
sH'kR&\)  Belonging  to  the  sacrum. 
Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as  meaning  to- 
wards the  sacrum. 

Sa-cro-liun-ba'lis.*  A muscle  aris- 
ing from  the  sacrum,  etc.,  and  inserted 
into  the  angles  of  the  six  lower  ribs. 

Sa'crum.*  [Etymology  uncertain.] 
The  triangular  bone  wedged  between 
the  Ossa  innominata , forming  the  poste- 
rior wall  of  the  pelvis. 

Safe'ty  L#ani]}>.  A lamp  invented  by 
Sir  II.  Davy,  consisting  of  a common 
oil-lamp,  completely  surrounded  with  a 
cage  of  fine  wire  gauze,  for  the  use  of 
miners.  The  gauze  has  the  property  of 
preventing  the  flame  of  the  lamp  from 
igniting  the  explosive  mixture  of  gases 
which  surrounds  it,  that  portion  only 
being  burned  which  is  within  the  cage. 

Saf'fron.  The  common  English 
name  for  the  Crocus  Sativus,  which  see. 

Saf'fron,  Meadow.  A name  for 
the  Col'chicnm  autumna’le. 

Sag-a^pe'nnm.*  [Gr.  aayi'vrrivov.~]  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Lond.  Ph.,  1851) 
of  the  gum-resin  of  an  uncertain  plant, 
said  to  be  a species  of  Ferula.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  emmenagogue  and  antispas- 
modic. 

Sage.  The  common  name  of  Salvia 
Officinalis,  which  see. 

Sage  Femme,  s&zh  f&mm.  The  French 
for  Midwife,  which  see. 

Sag'it-tal.  [Sagitta'lis ; from  sa- 
git'ta,  an  “ arrow.”]  Relating  to,  or 
shaped  like,  an  arrow. 

Sag'ittal  Sn'ture.  The  suture  which 
unites  the  parietal  bones. 

Sag'it-tate.  [Sagitta'fns:  from 
* agit'ta,  an  “ arrow.”]  Having  the  shape 
of  an  arrow,  as  a lanceolate  leaf  with  a 
lobe  at  the  base  on  each  side  pointing 
backward. 

Sag-it-tif ' or-ons.  [Sagtttf  f 'eras ; 

from  sagit'ta , an  “ arrow,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  arrow-shaped  objects. 
Applied  to  plants,  shells,  etc. 

Sa-git-ti-fo'li-ous.  [Sagittifo'li- 

us;  from  sarptfta,  an  “arrow,”  and /</ - 
Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having  arrow-shaped 
leaves. 

Sa'go.  (Fr.  Sagon,  sl'goo'.)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
prepared  fecula  obtained  from  the  pith 
484 


of  the  Sagus  Rumphii  and  other  species  of 
Sagus.  Used  as  a nutritious  and  easily 
digestible  food  in  febrile  affections  and  in 
convalescence  from  acute  disorders. 

Saim.  A name  for  the  Acleps  suillus, 
or  hog’s  lard.  See  Adeps. 

Saint  Anthony’s  Fire.  See  Ery- 
sipelas. 

Saint  Vi 'tils’  Dance.  A common 
name  for  Chorea,  which  see. 

Sal,*  gen.  Sa'lis.  [From  u\g,  “salt.”] 
Salt.  Applied  to  a compound  in  definite 
proportions  of  an  acid  with  an  alkali, 
earth,  or  metallic  oxide. 

Sal  Am-mo'ni-ac.  [Sal  Ammo- 
ni'acum.]  The  former  name  of  Mu- 
riate of  Ammonia,  which  see. 

Sal  Ar-gen'ti.*  (“Salt  of  Silver.”) 
The  nitrate  of  silver.  See  Lunar  Caustic. 

Sal  Ben'zo-in.*  Benzoic  acid;  the 
Aq'idum  Benzo'icum  of  the  British  Phar- 
macopoeia. 

Sal  Ca-t!iar'ti-cus  Am-a'rns* 

(“  Bitter  Cathartic  Salt”),  or  Sal  Fa- 

thar'ti-ciis  An-gli-ca'niis*  (“English 
Cathartic  Salt”).  Names  for  the  sulphate 
of  magnesia. 

Sal  Fatliar'ticiis  Glati-be'ri.* 

(“  Cathartic  Salt  of  Glauber.”)  The  sul- 
phate of  soda,  or  Glauber’s  salt. 

Sal  Fiial'y-bis.*  (“Salt  of  Iron  or 
Steel.”)  The  sulphate  of  iron. 

Sal Fom-mu'nis.*  (“  Common  Salt.”) 
The  chloride  of  sodium.  See  Sodh 
Chloridum. 

Sal  Cor'nw  Fer'vi.*  (“  Salt  of 
Hartshorn.”)  The  Subcarbonate  of 
Ammonia,  which  see. 

Sal  Di-u-ret'i-ciis.*  (“  Diuretic 
Salt.”)  The  acetate  of  potash. 

Sal  Ep-so-men'sis.*  (“Epsom 
Salts.”)  The  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

Sal  Fos'si-Ibs,^  Sal  Gein'mse.* 
(“Fossil,  or  Rock,  Salt.”)  The  chloride 
of  sodium,  or  common  salt. 

Sal  Glauberi.  See  Glauber’s  Salt. 

Sal  MirabilisGlatiberi.  See  Glau- 
ber’s Salt. 

Sal  Prnnelle  (proo-nell').  Nitre,  or 
saltpetre,  fused  and  poured  into  moulds 
so  as  to  form  small  balls.  It  is  some- 
times prepared  with  a mixture  of  sul- 
phate of  potash.  See  Potassje  Nitras. 

Sal  Rn-pel-len  'sis.*  [From  Ru- 
peV la,  the  Latin  name  of  Rochelle.] 
The  tartrate  of  potash  and  soda,  or  Ro- 
chelle salt. 

SalSa-tnr'ni.*  (“  Salt  of  Lead.”)  The 
acetate  of  lead.  See  Plumbi  Acetas. 

Sal  Vo-lat'I-Iis.*  (“Volatile  Salt”) 
The  subcarbonate  of  ammonia. 


SAL 


SAL 


Sa-Ia$'i-ty.  [Sala^'itas,  si’tis;  from 
so.' lax,  sala'cis,  “lustful,”  “wanton.”] 
Lechery;  lust;  orgasm. 

Sa'lcp.  A farinaceous  powder  made 
from  the  root  of  the  Orchis  mono.  It  is 
a light  and  nutritious  food,  liko  tapioca. 

Salicacese,*  sa-le-ka'she-e.  [See  next 
article.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe, 
North  America,  and  Northern  Asia.  It 
includes  the  Willow  ( Sa'lix ) and  Poplar 
(Pop* ulus).  The  bark  is  usually  astrin- 
gent, tonic,  and  stomachic. 

Sal-i-ca/ceous.  [SaBica'ceus;  from 
sa'lix,  sal'icis,  the  “willow.”]  Resem- 
bling the  willow.  Applied  to  an  order 
of  plants.  See  Salicacea:. 

Sal-i-ca'ri-ae.*  The  Jussieuan  name 
of  a natural  order  of  plants,  called  by 
some  botanists  Lythraceae,  which  see. 

Sal'i-cin,  orSal'i-cme.  [Salici'na.] 
An  extremely  bitter,  white  substance 
obtained  from  the  bark  of  several  species 
of  Salix. 

Sal-I-cin'e-us.*  Resembling  the  ge- 
nus Salix:  salicineous. 

Sa'li-ent.  [From  sa'lio,  to  “leap,”  to 
“spring,”  to  “shoot  out.”]  Shooting  or 
jutting  out;  prominent. 

Sa'Bient  An'g’le.  An  angle  of  a poly- 
gon projecting  outwards  in  reference  to 
the  centre  of  the  polygon.  All  the  angles 
of  any  regular  figure,  as  a triangle,  square, 
etc.,  are  salient. 

Sa-lif 'er-ous.  [Salif ' 'eras ; from 
sal,  a “ salt,”  and  fe’ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Con- 
taining or  producing  salt. 

Sal'i-fi-a-l>Be.  [Salifiab'ilis;  from 
sal,  a “salt,”  and  ji'o,  to  “be  made.”] 
Having  the  property  of  forming  a salt, 
by  combination  with  other  substances. 

Sa-lig'e-nin.  [Saligeni'na ; from 
salici'na,  and  ge'no,  an  ancient  form  of 
gig' no,  to  “beget.”]  A new  substance 
which,  together  with  sugar,  contains  the 
elements  of  salicin,  from  which  it  is  ob- 
tained. 

Sa-line'.  [Sall'nus;  from  so?, “salt.”] 
Belonging  to  or  resembling  salt;  of  the 
nature  of  a salt.  In  Botany,  growing  in 
salt  places. 

Sa-li'va.*  The  fluid  secretion  of  the 
salivary  glands ; spittle. 

Sa-li'val.  [Sali  va'lis ; from  sali'va, 
“spittle.”]  Relating  to  the  saliva. 

Sal'I-vant.  [Salt' vans,  an'tis;  from 
the  same.]  Exciting  an  increased  flow 
of  the  saliva:  salivating. 

Sal'i-va-ry.  [Saliva'rms,  and  Sali- 
va'ris;  from  the  same.]  Of  or  relating 
to  the  saliva. 


Sal'ivary  Glamls.  [Glandule 
Saliva' rise.]  The  name  of  three  glands 
situated  on  each  side  of  the  face,  behind 
and  beneath  the  lower  jaw,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  secreting  saliva.  They  are  the 
parotid,  the  sub-maxillary,  and  the  sub- 
lingual glands. 

Sal-i-va'tion.  [SaBiva'tio,  o ’nis  ; 
from  sali'va , “spittle.”]  An  excessive 
flow  of  the  saliva,  produced  by  the  exhi- 
bition of  medicines.  See  Ptyalismus. 

Sa'lix,  i cis.*  [From  sa'lio,  to  “spring 
out.”]  (Fr.  Saule,  sol.)  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Diaecia,  natural  order 
Salicacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (U.S.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  bark 
of  Salix  alba,  S.  caprea,  and  S.  fragilis. 

Sa'lix  Al'foa.*  The  white  willow. 

Sa'lix  t’a'prc-a.*  The  great  round- 
leaved willow. 

Sa'lix  Frag'i-lis.*  (“Brittle  Wil- 
low.”) The  common  crack  willow.  The 
bark  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  has 
been  employed  in  intermittents,  dyspep- 
sia, etc. 

Salpetra.  See  Saltpetre. 

Sal-piuft-g'i'tls,  idis*  [From  sal'- 
pinx,  the  “ Eustachian  tube.”]  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Sal-i>in-gys-te-ro-£^-e'sis.*  [From 
8al'pinx,  hys'tera,  the  “womb,”  and  eye' - 
sis,  “pregnancy.”]  A term  for  preg- 
nancy orfoetation  partly  in  the  Fallopian 
tube  and  partly  in  the  uterus. 

Sal' pin x,  in '7 is.*  [Gr.  , a 

“trumpet,”  or  “tube.”]  A name  for  the 
Eustachian  tube,  also  for  the  Fallopian 
tube. 

Sal'si-fy,  or  Sal'si-f  I.  A name  of  the 
oyster-plant,  Tragopo'gon  porrifo' Hum. 

Sal'sus.*  The  same  as  Salixe,  which 
see. 

Salt.  [Lat.  Sal;  Fr.  Sel,  sel.]  The 
chloride  of  sodium.  (See  Somt  Chlori- 
dum.)  Common  salt.  In  Chemistry,  a 
compound,  in  definite  proportions,  of  an 
acid  with  an  alkali,  earth,  or  metallio 
oxide. 

Salt,  Xeu'tral.  A combination  of 
an  acid  with  an  alkali,  earth,  or  metallio 
oxide,  so  proportioned  that  the  resulting 
salt  has  neither  acid  nor  alkaline  proper- 
ties. 

Salt  of  lem  ons.  A combination 
of  oxalic  acid  with  a small  portion  of 
potash,  as  found  in  wood-sorrel ; also 
applied  to  crystallized  citric  acid. 

Salt  of  Tar'tar.  A very  pure  car- 
bonate of  potassa,  prepared  from  the 
bitartrate  of  potassa,  or  cream  of  tartar. 

Sal-ta'tioa.  [Salta'  tio,  o' nis;  from 
485 


sal' to,  salta' turn,  to  “ dance,”  or  “jump.”] 
A dancing  or  leaping;  synonymous  with 
Chorea. 

Siil'ta-to-ry.  [Saltato'rius;  from 
the  same.]  Having  the  power  of  leap- 
ing; adapted  to  leaping  or  saltation. 
Applied  to  certain  insects. 

Sal-tig-'ra-dus.*  [From  sal'tus,  a 
“leap,”  and  gra'clior,  to  “walk.”]  Seiz- 
ing their  prey  by  leaping.  Applied  to 
insects. 

S&lt-pe'tre.  [Salpe'tra;  from  sal, 
“salt,”  and  pe'tra,  a “rock.”]  The  ni- 
trate of  potash,  or  nitre.  See  Potassje 
Nitras. 

Salts,  Sec'on-da-ry.  Synonymous 
with  neutral  salts.  Sec  Salt,  Neutral. 

Sal'tus.*  [From  sa'lio,  sal' turn,  to 
“leap.”]  A springing,  or  leaping.  Ap- 
plied in  the  same  manner  as  Subsultus 
tendinum. 

Sa-lu'bri-ous.  [Salu'bris;  from 
sa' las,  “health.”]  Salutary;  wholesome; 
conducive  to  health. 

Sa'lus,*  gen.  Sa-lu'tis.  A Latin 
word  signifying  “health,”  or  “safety,” 
also  “salvation.” 

Sal'u-ta-ry.  [Saluta'ris;  from 
sa'lus,  “health.”]  Healthy;  wholesome; 
favorable  to  health. 

Salvadoraeeae,*  sal-va-do-ra'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  found  in  India  and  Syria.  It 
includes  the  Salvado'ra  Per' sica  (the 
mustard-tree  of  Scripture). 

Sal-va-tel'Ia.*  [From  sal'vo,  salva'- 
tum,  to  “save.”]  A small  vein  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  ascending  the  inner 
side  of  the  forearm ; it  contributes  to 
form  the  basilic  vein.  Bleeding  from  the 
salvatella  vein  was  once  regarded  as  of 
especial  efficacy  in  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain diseases. 

Salve.  See  Unguentum. 

Sal'ver-Sliaped.  Hypocrateriform. 
Tubular,  with  a border  spreading  flat  at 
right  angles  to  the  tube.  Applied  to  a 
form  of  monopetalous  corolla,  as  that  of 
the  Phlox. 

Sal'vl-a.*  (Fr.  Sauge,  s<5zh.)  Sage. 
A Linnaean  genus  of  plants  of  the  class 
Diandria,  natural  order  Lahiatse ; also, 
the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  leaves  of  the  Sal' via  ojfficina'  lis.  It 
is  astringent,  aromatic,  and  tonic. 

Sam'a-ra.*  [From  sam'ara,  or  sam'- 
era,  the  seed  of  the  elm  and  other  trees.] 
Applied  in  Botany  to  a dry,  indehiscent 
pericarp  which  has  an  appendage  like  a 
wing,  as  the  maple  and  ash.  It  is  also 
called  a key-fruit. 

486 


Sam'bu-cin.  [Sambuci'na.]  A 

peculiar  substance  found  in  the  flowers 
of  the  Sambucus  nigra. 

Sam-bu'cus.  [From  sambu'ca,  a 
musical  instrument;  sometimes  made, 
it  is  said,  of  elder  wood.]  (Fr.  Sureau, 
sii'rok)  Elder.  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Caprifo- 
liacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  flowers  of  the  Samba' - 
cus  Canaden'sis ; but  according  to  the 
British  Pharmacopoeia,  for  those  of  the 
Sambu'cus  ni'gra.  The  berries  are  ape- 
rient and  diaphoretic;  the  inner  bark  is 
purgative,  and  in  large  doses  emetic. 

Sambu'cus  Ni'g-ra.*  The  systematic 
name  of  the  medicinal  (European)  elder. 

Samydaceac,*  sam-e-da'she-e.  [From 
Samy'da,  one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  tropical  trees  and 
shrubs,  found  mostly  in  America. 

Sa-nab'i-lis.*  [From  sa'no,  to 
“cure.”]  Curable;  that  may  be  cured. 

S&-na'tion.  [Sana'tio,  o 'nis;  from 
sa'no,  sana' turn,  to  “heal.”]  A cure,  or 
restoration  to  health;  the  act  of  healing. 

San'a-tive.  [Sanati'vus.]  Heal- 
ing ; having  a power  or  tendency  to  heal. 

San-a-to'ri-um.*  A synonym  of 
Sanitarium,  which  see. 

San'a-to-ry.  [Sanato'rius;  from 
sa'no,  sana' tarn,  to  “heal.”]  Having 
power  to  heal. 

Sanctum  Semen.  See  Semen  Sanc- 
tum. 

Sand.  [Are'na.]  Finely-divided 
silicious  matter  constitutes  common  river 
and  sea  sand.  Particles  of  other  sub- 
stances are  often  blended  with  it. 

Sand-Bath.  See  Batii. 

San-dal'i-form.  [Sandal  i for  in  as; 
from  sanda'lium,  a “sandal.”]  Having 
the  form  of  a sandal  or  slipper. 

San'dal-Wood.  The  wood  of  the 
Pterocar'pas  santali'nus  and  San'talum 
al'bnm,  East  Indian  trees.  It  is  prized 
for  its  fragrance,  and  is  sometimes  used 
as  a medicine. 

Sand'stone.  A species  of  stratified 
rock,  composed  of  agglutinated  grains 
of  sand. 

Sang-,  son0.  The  French  term  for 
Blood,  which  see. 

San-ga-rce'.  Wine  and  water  sweet- 
ened and  spiced. 

SangKuc,  sbN°'sii'.  The  French  term 
for  the  leech.  See  IIirudo. 

San-guif 'ci*-oiih.  [Sanguif  'crus; 

from  Ran'guis,  “blood/’  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear,”  or  “convey.”]  Containing  or 
conveying  blood. 


SAN 


SAP 


$an-giii-fi-ca'ti©n.  [Sanguifica'- 
tio,  o 'nis  ; from  san'guis,  "blood,”  and 
fa'cio , to  "make.”]  The  formation  of 
blood;  the  conversion  of  chyle  into 
blood,  or  of  venous  into  arterial  blood. 

San-gm-na'rl-a.#  Blood-root.  The 
Pharmacopceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
rhizoma  of  the  Sanguinaria  Canadensis, 
a plant  of  the  natural  order  Pajmvera- 
cese.  The  rhizoma  and  seeds  are  emetic. 

Sanguine,  sang'gwin.  [Sanguin- 
eus; from  san’guis , san' gitinis,  " blood.”] 
Abounding  with  blood;  warm;  ardent; 
nearly  the  same  as  Sanguineous. 

San-gum 'e-ous.  [Sanguineus ; 
from  the  same.]  Relating  to  the  blood; 
bloody;  of  the  color  of  blood;  abound- 
ing in  blood.  Applied  to  certain  diseases, 
as  sanguineous  apoplexy,  etc.  Also  ap- 
plied to  a particular  habit  or  Tempera- 
ment, which  see. 

San-guin-I-ros'tris.*  [From  san'- 
gu  is,  "blood,”  and  ros'trum,  a " beak.”] 
Having  a blood-red  beak.  Applied  to 
birds. 

San'gui-nis,*  the  genitive  of  San- 
guis, which  see. 

San-giiin'o-lent.  [Sanguinolcn'- 
tus;  from  san'guis,  "blood.”]  Of  a 
blood-red  color;  bloody,  or  tinged  with 
blood. 

San'guis,*  gen.  Sail 'gui- nis.  The 

Latin  word  for  Blood,  which  see. 

Sanguis  ©raconis-  See  Dragon’s 
Blood. 

Sanguisorbacese,*  san-gwe-sor-ba'- 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  found  in  Europe  and  other  tem- 
perate regions.  They  are  allied  to  the 
Posacese.  It  includes  the  Sanguisor'ba. 

San-gui-sor'be-ae.*  Synonymous 
with  Sanguisorbaceje,  which  see. 

San-giu-su'ga.:‘  [From  san'guis , 
"blood,”  and  su’go , to  "suck.”]  A 
blood-sucker;  the  leech,  properly  so 
'ailed ; a subdivision  of  the  genus 
Hirudo,  which  see. 

Sanguisu'ga  Mod-I-ci-na'lis,*  or 
Sanguisu'ga  ©f-fi^-I-na'lis.*  The 

Hiruda  medicinalis. 

Sa'm-es.*  [From  san'guis , "blood” ?] 
A thin,  greenish,  serous,  and  fetid  dis- 
charge from  fistulas,  ulcers,  etc.,  some- 
times tinged  with  blood. 

Sa'ni-ous.  [Sanio'sus.]  Discharg- 
ing sanies;  of  the  nature  of  sanies. 

San-i-ta'ri-iim.*  [From  san'itas, 
"health.”]  A retreat  for  invalids  or  con- 
valescent persons,  selected  in  reference  to 
the  salubrity  of  its  situation.  Also,  an 
ir  stitution  for  the  treatment  of  the  sick. 


San  i-ta-ry.  [San  it  a' ri  us:  from 
the  same.]  Pertaining  to,  orpromocing, 
health. 

San'i-ty.  [San'itas,  a 'tis;  from 
8a'nusf  "sound,”  "healthy,”  "sane.”] 
(Fr.  Sante , soN«'t&'.)  Health,  or  sound- 
ness of  mind  and  body. 

Santalacese,*  san-ta-la'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  na- 
tives of  Europe,  North  America,  the 
East  Indies,  etc.  It  includes  San'talum 
(Sandal-wood),  which  is  used  as  a per- 
fume and  a medicine. 

San'ta-lin.  The  coloring  principle 
of  the  wood  of  the  Pterocarpus  santa- 
linns , or  red  saunders. 

San'ta-lum.*  Red  Saunders.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
wood  of  the  Pterocar’pus  santali'nus . 
See  Sandal-Wood. 

Sant£.  See  Sanity. 

San-ton'i-eaL*  Levant  Wormseed. 
The  Pharmacopceial  name  ||  for  the  un- 
expanded flowers  and  peduncles  of  the 
Artemisia  santonica , A.  contra,  and  of 
other  species  of  Artemisia.  It  has  been 
placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Materia 
Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1860.  It  is  anthelmintic. 

San 'to- n in,  or  San  to-nine.  [San- 
toni'na;  from  Santon’ica. ] A vegetable 
principle  prepared  from  Artemisia  san- 
tonica. 

San-to-ri'ni,  Ve'nsp  E-mis-so'ri-av*' 

("Emissory  [or  Einunctory]  Veins  of 
Santorinus.”)  The  different  small  veins 
which  p$ss  through  the  foramina  of  the 
cranium,  communicating  between  the 
sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  and  the  exter- 
nal veins  of  the  head. 

San-to-ri'nus,  Fis  sures  of.  Cer- 
tain small  fissures  in  the  cartilaginous 
portions  of  the  meatus  auditorius  exter- 
nus. 

Santori'nns,  Tu'ber-eles  of.  The 

small  projections  on  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages which  support  the  ligaments  of 
the  glottis. 

Sap.  [Suc'cus.]  The  juice  of  plants; 
the  liquid  imbibed  by  the  roots  of  plants 
and  carried  up  through  the  stem.  In  a 
crude  state  it  consists  chiefly  of  water 
and  carbonic  acid  : but  as  it  rises  through 
the  tissue  of  the  stem,  it  dissolves  the 
secretions  it  meets  with  in  its  course,  and 
being  attracted  to  the  leaves,  in  which  it 
is  subjected  to  the  influence  of  light,  it 
is  converted  into  a very  different  sub- 
stance, called  elaborated  sap,  which  con- 
tains various  nutritive  products,  as  sugar, 
starch,  proteine,  etc.  See  Sap-Wood. 

487 


SAP 


SAR 


Sa-pfie'na.*  [From  <ra<prjs , “mani- 
fest.”] The  name  of  two  large  veins  of 
the  leg,  internal  and  external. 

Sap'id.  [Sap'idus;  from  sa'pio,  to 
“taste.”]  Having  or  imparting  taste, 
especially  an  agreeable  taste;  savory. 

Sa-pid'i-ty.  [Sapid'itas ; from  the 
same.]  The  quality  of  bodies  which 
affects  the  organs  of  taste. 

Sapindacese,*  sap-in-da'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  natives  of  tropical  regions,  espe- 
cially of  South  America.  It  includes 
the  Sapin'dus  and  Paullin'ia.  Plants  of 
this  order  are  generally  poisonous. 

Sa-pin'di9*  the  plural  of  Sapin'dus, 
forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natu- 
ral order  of  plants.  See  Sapindace^e. 

&a'3>o,:;*  gen.  Sa-po'nis.  (Fr.  Savon, 
s&'v6ng'.)  Soap;  a compound  of  certain 
principles  in  oils,  fats,  or  resin,  with  alka- 
lies in  definite  proportions.  Also,  the 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  soap 
made  with  soda  and  olive  oil. 

Sa'po  Ru'rus.*  (“Hard  Soap.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for 
Spanish,  or  Castile,  soap. 

Sa'po  Mollis.*  (“Soft  Soap.”)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  soap 
made  with  olive  oil  and  potash. 

Sa'po  Vul-ga'ris.*  (“Common 
Soap.”)  A name  for  soap  made  with 
soda  and  animal  oil. 

Sap-o-na'ceous.  [Sapona'cens ; 
from  sa'po,  sapo'nis,  “soap.”]  Of  the 
nature  or  appearance  of  soap;  soapy. 

Sap-o-na ' rl-a  O f-fi  is.* 

Soapwort.  A plant  of  the  Linnaean 
class  Decandria,  natural  order  Caryo- 
phyllacese.  The  root  and  leaves  have 
been  used  as  a remedy  in  scrofula,  cancer, 
secondary  syphilis,  jaundice,  etc. 

Sa-poai-i-fi-ca'tion.  [Saponifi- 
ca'tio,  o 'nis;  from  sa'po,  sapo'nis, 
“soap,”  and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”]  The 
conversion  of  oils  into  soap  by  the 
action  of  alkalies. 

S.a-pon'i-forin.  [Saponifor'mis; 

from  sa'po,  sapo’nis,  “ soap.”]  Like  soap 
in  its  unctuosity. 

Sapo-nin.  [Sapoaii'na.]  A name 
applied  to  the  frothy  extract  of  the  Sapo- 
na'ria  oficina'  lis. 

Sap'o-nulc.  [Sapoii'iilus;  from 

sa'po,  “soap,”  and  v\rj,  “material.”] 
Literally,  a material  out  of  which  soap 
is  made.  A volatile  or  essential  oil  in 
combination  with  a base. 

Sap-o-rif'ic.  [Saporif 'icus;  from 
sa'por,  “taste,”  and  fa'cio , to  “make.”] 
Causing  or  imparting  taste. 

488 


Sap'o-rons.  [From  sa'por,  “taste.”] 
The  same  as  Sapid. 

Sapotacese,*  sap-o-ta'she-e,  or  Sa- 
po'tse.*  [From  Sapo'ta,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  the  tropics 
of  India,  Africa,  and  America.  Some 
genera  produce  edible  fruits,  as  the  Mar- 
malade (Achras). 

Sa-po'ta?,*  the  plural  of  Sa^po'ta, 

forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of  a natural 
order  of  plants.  See  Sapotace^e. 

Sapphire,  saf'fir.  [Lat.  Sapplii'- 
rus ; Gr.  ocnr^apog.']  A precious  stone  of 
a blue  color.  It  consists  essentially  of 
crystallized  alumina.  The  Oriental  ruby 
is  a red  variety  of  sapphire. 

Sa-pros'to-smis.*  [From  cairpog, 
“putrid,”  and  cropa,  a “mouth.”]  Hav- 
ing a foul  or  stinking  breath. 

Sap-Wood,  or  Al-bur'mim*  The 
outer  part  of  the  wood  of  exogenous 
trees,  which  is  softer  and  more  bibulous 
than  the  heart-wood.  It  is  through  the 
sap-wood  that  the  sap  ascends  from  the 
root  to  the  leaves. 

Sar'^i-na.*  Literally,  a “pack  or 
burden.”  A name  sometimes  given  to  a 
peculiar  substance  found  in  the  contents 
of  the  stomach.  Also  applied  to  the 
foetus. 

Sar-^i'tis,  i dis*  [From  oaft,  aaprog, 
“flesh.”]  Muscular  inflammation ; also, 
acute  rheumatism. 

Sar'co-carp.  [Sarcocar'piiim,  or 
Sarcocar'pws;  from  o-ap£,  oapxog,  “flesh,” 
and  Kapirog,  “fruit.”]  The  fleshy,  or  pulpy, 
part  of  a drupe,  as  a peach  or  plum. 

Sar'co-£ele.*  [From  <rap£,  “flesh,” 
and  KrjXrj,  a “tumor.”]  (Fr.  Hernie 
charmie,  en'nP  shart'nii'.)  A fleshy  en- 
largement of  the  testicle;  termed  also 
Her' nia  carno'sa  (“fleshy  hernia”). 

Sar-co'des.*  [From  aap\,  “flesh.”] 
Like  flesh;  fleshy:  sarcous. 

Sarcoid.  [Sarcoi'dcs;  from  aapl , 
“flesh,”  and  eldog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling flesh. 

Sar-co-lom'ma,  a tis.*  [From  c-cpf, 
“flesh,”  and  \ippay  a “covering.”]  Ap- 
plied to  the  sheath  which  encloses  each 
of  the  muscular  fibrils. 

Sar-col'o-gry.  [Sarcolo'p;ia;  from 
<r«p£,  aaptcdg,  “flesh,”  and  Xoyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  part  of  Anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  fleshy  parts  of  the  body. 

Sar-co'nia,  a tis*  plural  Sar-eo'- 
ina-ta,  [From  oJp£,  oaptcog,  “flesh.”]  In 
Pathology,  a fleshy  tumor;  a genus  of 
the  order  Tumores , class  Locales , of  Cul 
len’s  Nosology.  Applied  by  Link  to  a 


SAR 


SAT 


fleshy  part,  of  variable  form,  which  sur- 
rounds the  ovary  of  plants,  or  is  situated 
upon  it. 

Sar-com'a-tous.  [Sarcomato- 

sus;  from  sarco'ma.]  Relating  to,  or 
of  the  nature  of,  sarcoma;  fleshy. 

Sarcomphalos.  See  Omphaloncus. 

Sar-copBi'a-gnus.  [Sarcopfa'a- 
gus;  from  cup%,  “ flesh,”  and  </>dyc. >,  to 
“eat.”]  Eating,  or  living  on,  flesh. 

Sar-copli'a-gus.*  [From  the  same.] 
The  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  a 
kind  of  stone  said  to  have  the  property 
of  consuming  dead  bodies  placed  in  con- 
tact with  it.  Also  applied  to  a coffin 
made  of  such  stone. 

Sar-co-phy'ma,  a tis*  [From  <rup£, 
“ flesh/’  and  <pvpa,  a “ tumor.”]  A fleshy 
tumor. 

Sar-cop'tes.*  [From  cdp\,  “ flesh, ” 
and  koktixj,  to  “cut,”  to  “pierce,”  or 
“ sting,”  as  a worm  or  insect.]  That  which 
stings,  devours,  o^  consumes  the  flesh. 
See  next  article. 

Sarcop'tes  Mom'i-nis.*  (“Con- 
sumer of  the  Flesh  of  Man.”)  The  name 
given  by  Raspail  to  the  Ac'arus  scabie'i, 
or  itch-insect.  It  is  a parasite,  belong- 
ing to  the  class  Arachnida,  or  spiders, 
and  is  therefore  not  an  insect  in  the 
stricter  sense  of  the  term. 

Sar-eo'sis.*  The  progress  of  sar- 
coma. Also,  preternatural  generation 
of  flesh. 

Sar-c©t'ic.  [Sarcot'icns;  from 
capKooj,  to  “produce  flesh.”]  Making,  or 
inducing  the  growth  of,  flesh.  Applied 
to  medicines.  Also,  belonging  to  sar- 
coma. 

Sar'cous.  [From  crdpg,  “ flesh.”] 
Fleshy;  pertaining  to  flesh  or  muscle. 

Sar-don'ic  ILatigSa.  [Ri'sus  Sar- 
dan'icns;  from  oapboriKos,  “belonging  to 
Sardinia;”  so  called  because  a certain 
Sardinian  plant  is  said  to  have  excited 
a similar  affection.]  A singular  con- 
vulsive laugh.  Also  applied  to  a pecu- 
liar expression  of  countenance  observed 
in  tetanus,  diaphragmitis , etc.;  also 
termed  Spas' mus  cyn'icus. 

Sarment.  [Sarmen'tnm ; from 
sar'po,  to  “prune.”]  A runner;  a long 
and  flexible  branch. 

Sar-men-ta'ceous.  [Sannenta'- 
ceus;  from  sarmen'tum,  a “sarment.”] 
Bearing  or  resembling  sarments. 

Sar-men-tif'er-ous.  [Sarmen- 
tif'erns;  from  sarmen'tum , a “sar- 
ment,” and  fe'roy  ta  “bear.”]  Bearing 
sarments. 

Sar-men'tous.  [Sarmento'sus ; 

42 


from  sarmen'tum , a “sarment.”]  The 
same  as  Sarmentaceous. 

Sarraceniacese,*  sar-ra-se-ne-a'* 
she-e.  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
herbaceous  plants,  found  in  the  bogs  of 
North  America.  It  includes  the  Sarra - 
ce'nia  (Side-Saddle  Flower). 

Sar'sa.*  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(Br.  Ph.)  for  Jamaica  Sarsaparilla,  the 
dried  root  of  Smi'lax  officina'lis. 

Sar-sa-pa-ril'la.*  [Spanish,  sarqa, 
or  sar'za,  a “brier,”  and  paril'la,  a “lit- 
tle vine.”]  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  Smilax  of- 
ficinalis■,  and  other  species  of  Smilax. 
It  is  an  alterative,  much  employed  in 
the  treatment  of  secondary  syphilis  and 
scrofulous  affections. 

Sar-to'ri-us.*  [From  sar'tor,  a 
“tailor.”]  Belonging  to  a tailor.  Ap- 
plied to  a muscle  (the  longest  of  the 
human  body),  so  called  because  a tailor 
uses  it  in  crossing  his  legs.  It  arises 
from  the  spinous  process  of  the  ilium, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  tubercle  of 
the  head  of  the  tibia. 

Sarx.*  [Gr.  cap £,  oapKog .]  Flesh; 

the  muscular  part  of  animals. 

Sar'za.*  [In  Spanish,  a “bramble,” 
or  “low  shrub.”]  Sarsaparilla.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  Smi'lax  officina'lis;  the  Radix 
Sarsaparilla  (“Root  of  Sarsaparilla”)  of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

Sas'sa-fras.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  ||  for  the  root  of  Sas'safras  officina'le. 

Sas'safras  Me-dnl'Ia.*  (“Pith  of 
Sassafras.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  pith  of  the  stems  of 
the  Sassafras  officinale.  From  this  pith 
a bland  mucilage  is  obtained,  much  used 
as  an  application  to  inflamed  eyes. 

Sas'safras  Of-fi^-I-na'le,*  or  L.au'- 
rus  Sas'safras.*  A tree  of  the  Lin- 
naean  class  Enneandria , natural  order 
Lauracese.  It  is  a native  of  the  United 
States. 

Sas'safras  Ra-di'cis  Cor'tex.* 

(“Bark  of  Sassafras  Root.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  bark 
of  the  root  of  the  Sassafras  officinale.  It 
is  reputed  stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diu- 
retic. 

Sat'el=llte.  [Satel'les,  gen.  Satel'- 
fiitis.]  A lifeguardsman ; an  attendant 
or  partisan.  In  Astronomy,  a moon  or 
secondary  planet,  which  revolves  around 
a primary  planet. 

Sat'ellite  Veins.  Veins  that  ac- 
company arteries,  especially  those  be-- 
longing  to  the  brachial  artery. 

489 


SAT 


SCA 


Sa-tel'H-tes,*  gen.  Sa-tel'li-tum, 

the  plural  of  Satel'les.  See  Satellite. 

Sa-tl'e-ty.  [Sati'etas;  from  sa'tis, 
“enough.”]  Surfeit,*  disgust  for  food, 
from  having  been  cloyed. 

Sat'in-Spar.  A fibrous  variety  of 
carbonate  of  lime,  presenting  a silky 
appearance  when  polished. 

Sa-ti'vus.*  [From  se'ro,  8a' turn,  to 
“sow,”  or  “olant.”]  Growing  in  fields 
or  gardens;  that  is,  cultivated.  Applied 
to  various  plants. 

Sat'u-rate.  [From  sat'uro,  satura'- 
tum,  to  “cloy,”  or  “fill.”]  To  fill  a liquid 
with  as  much  salt,  or  other  soluble  sub- 
stance, as  it  is  capable  of  dissolving. 

Sat-u-ra'tion.  [Satura'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  act  of  saturating; 
the  state  of  a solvent  which  has  dis- 
solved as  much  of  a soluble  body  as  it  is 
capable  of  dissolving;  or  the  state  of  a 
compound  in  which  its  elements  are 
combined  in  such  proportions  that  a 
fresh  quantity  of  either  cannot  be  added 
without  excess. 

Sat'ur-iiine.  [Saturni'nus;  from 
Satur'nus,  “Saturn;”  also,  a term  for 
lead.]  In  Chemistry,  relating  to  lead. 
Also,  grave  or  dull,  as  distinguished 
from  mercurial. 

Sa-tur'nus.**  Saturn.  An  alchemi- 
cal name  for  lead;  as,  Sal  Saturni  (“Salt 
of  Lead”). 

Sat-y-ri'a-sis.*  [From  aarvpog,  a 
“ satyr.”]  E xcessive  or  inordinate  sex- 
ual desire  in  men.  A genus  of  the  order 
Dysorexise,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology.  The  proper  treatment  for 
this  disease  consists  in  a mild  cooling 
diet,  accompanied  by  active  exercise 
and  the  use  of  a cold  bath.  The  term 
satyriasis  has  also  been  applied  to  a 
species  of  elephantiasis,  from  its  hideous 
appearance.  See  Elephantiasis  Gra3- 
corum. 

Sauge,  sozh.  The  French  name  for 
“sage.”  See  Salvia. 

Saule,  sol.  The  French  name  for 
“willow.”  See  Salix. 

Sau'ri-an.  [Sau' ri us;  from  aavpo;, 
or  aavpa,  a “lizard.”]  Relating  to  or  re- 
sembling a lizard.  Also,  an  animal  of  the 
lizard  tribe. 

Sau-rogr'ra-phy.  [Saurogra'phia; 

from  acrlpo;,  a “lizard,”  and  ypacfxo,  to 
“ write.”]  A description  of  the  saurian 
reptiles. 

Sau'roiil.  [Sauroi'des;  from  tranpog, 
a “lizard,”  and  eiios,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a lizard. 

Sau-rol'o-gjf.  [Saurolo'gia;  from 
490 


<ravpo$,  a “lizard,”  and  Aoyo?,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  upon  saurian  rep- 
tiles; or  the  science  of  saurian  reptiles. 

Sau-roph'a-gous.  [Saurop&i'a- 
gus;  from  aavpo;,  a “lizard,”  and  0aya), 
to  “eat.”]  Eating  lizards  and  other 
reptiles.  Applied  to  birds. 

Saururaceae,*  sau-ru-ra'she-e. 
[From  Sauru'rus,  one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  natives  of  the  marshes  of  China, 
India,  and  North  America. 

Sauvag^esiacese,*  so-vazh-e-a'she-e. 
[From  Sauvage'sia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants  (herbs  or  shrubs),  found  in  South 
America  and  the  West  Indies. 

Sa-van'na,  or  Sa-van'nah.  A low, 
open,  or  grassy  plain;  a prairie.  Ap- 
plied especially  to  the  vast  plains  of  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi. 

Sav'in.  The  Juniperus  sabina. 

Savon,  s§,'v6n°'.  The  French  name  for 
“soap.”  See  Sapo. 

Saw.  The  Scotch  popular  term  for 
any  salve,  or  ointment.  See  Unguentum. 

Saw-Toot  lied.  The  same  as  Ser- 
rate, which  see. 

Sax'a-tile.  [Saxat'ilis;  from  sax' urn, 
a “rock.”]  Living  or  growing  in  rocky 
places.  Applied  to  plants. 

Saxifragucese,*  sax-e-fra-ga'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  natives  of  the  mountainous  re- 
gions of  Europe  and  the  northern  parts 
of  the  world.  It  includes  Saxifraga . 
The  whole  order  is  more  or  less  astringent. 

Sax-if 'ra-gse,*  the  plural  of  Sax- 
ifraga,  forming  the  Jussieuan  name  of 
a natural  order  of  plants.  See  Saxi- 

FRAGACEA5. 

Sax'o-iiy  Bine.  An  intensely  deep 
blue,  produced  by  a solution  of  indigo  in 
concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 

Scab.  [Crus'ta.]  A crust-like  sub- 
stance formed  on  superficial  ulcerations 
by  the  concretion  of  the  fluid  matter 
discharged  from  them.  Also,  the  same 
as  Scabies. 

Sca'bl-es.*  [From  sca'bo,  to 

“scratch.”]  The  itch;  otherwise  termed 
Psora.  Also,  a scab. 

Sca'brid.  The  same  as  Scabrous. 

Scab-rl-llo'rus.*  [From  sca'ber, 
“rough,”  and  flos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
calyces  rough  with  hairs. 

Scab-rl-fo'lI-iiH.*  [From  sca’ber, 
“rough,”  “scabby,”  and  /o' Hum,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  rough  leaves. 

Sca'brouM,  or  Scii'brate.  [Sca'ber; 
from  sca'bo,  to  “scratch.”]  Rough; 


SCA 


SCA 


rugged;  rough  to  the  touch.  Applied  to 
leaves,  etc. 

Sca'la,*  plural  Sca'la;.  A ladder,  or 
staircase;  a scale  of  steps;  a regular 
gradation. 

Sca'la Tym'p«a-ni.;:  (“Stairway  of 
the  Tympanum.”)  The  superior  of  the 
scalx  of  the  cochlea. 

Sca'la  Ves-tib'u-li.*  (“Stairway  of 
the  Vestibule.”)  The  inferior  of  the 
scalx  of  the  cochlea. 

Sca'lae,*  gen.  Sca-la'rum,  the  plural 
of  Scala,  which  see. 

Sca'la;  of  tlie  Ooch'le-a,  or  Sca'la; 
Cocli'le-a;.*  (“Stairways  of  the  Coch- 
lea.”) The  two  cavities  formed  by  the  la- 
mina spiralis  or  spiral  septum  of  the  coch- 
lea. They  are  severally  designated  the 
Scala  Tympani  and  Scal  y Vestibuli. 

Sca-lar ' l-for  m . [Scalar!  for ' m is ; 
from  sca'la,  a “ladder.”]  Having  the 
form  of  a ladder. 

Scalar'iform  Ducts  of  Plauts.  A 

form  of  vascular  tissue,  differing  from 
dotted  ducts  only  in  the  form  of  the 
markings,  which  are  like  crpss-bars  or 
the  rounds  of  a ladder. 

Scald.  [From  the  Italian  Scalda'rc, 
to  “ heat.”]  A lesion  of  some  part  occa- 
sioned by  the  application  of  a hot  fluid. 

Scald-Head.  A common  name  for 
Porrigo,  or  ringworm  of  the  scalp> 

Scale.  [Lat.  Squa  ma;  Fr.  Ecaille, 
Akal'.]  One  of  the  small  lamina;  which 
cover  most  fishes,  serpents,  the  wings 
of  certain  insects,  etc.  In  Botany,  any 
thin,  scale-like  appendage.  Applied  in 
Pathology  to  a small,  opaque,  whitish 
lamina  of  morbid  cuticle,  running  into 
layers  or  crusts,  which  fall  off  repeatedly 
and  are  soon  reproduced. 

Scale.  [From  sca'la,  a “ladder,”  or 
“stair;”  hence,  something  which  is  re- 
gularly divided.]  A line  or  rule  of  defi- 
nite length,  divided  into  a given  number 
of  equal  parts,  which  are  sometimes 
termed  degrees. 

Scale-Skin.  See  Ichthyosis. 

Sca-lene'.  [Scale'num,  neuter  of 
Scale'nus;  from  o-zcaX^oj,  “unequal.”] 
A figure  having  unequal  sides.  A triangle 
of  which  all  the  sides  are  unequal. 

Sca-le'ntis.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
name  of  two  muscles,  the  anticus  and  the 
posticus,  which  bend  the  head  and  neck. 
They  arise  from  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  vertebras  of  the  neck,  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  first  and  second  ribs. 

Sca'ler.  An  instrument  used  by  den- 
tists for  removing  the  scales  of  tartar 
from  the  teeth. 


Scalloped,  skol'lopt.  The  same  as 
Crenate, — i.e.  marked  with  even  and 
rounded  notches  on  the  margin,  as  some 
leaves. 

Scalp.  [Epicra'ninm.]  The  in- 
teguments of  the  skull. 

Sc&l'pel.  [Scalpel 'lu  m;  from 
scal'po,  to  “carve,”  or  “scrape.”]  A 
small  knife,  usually  with  a straight  blade 
fixed  firmly  in  the  handle:  used  in  dis- 
secting; also  in  surgical  operations. 

Scfll'prum.*  [From  scal'po,  to 
“scrape.”]  A raspatory  used  in  trepan- 
ning. Sometimes  applied  to  the  cutting 
edge  of  the  incisor  teeth  of  a mammal. 
See  Raspatory. 

Scal'prum  Den-ta'le.*  [From  dens, 
a “tooth.”]  A file  used  by  dentists. 

Scaly.  See  Squamose. 

Scam-mo'ni-a.*  The  scammony- 
plant.  See  Convolvulus  Scammonia. 

Scam-mo'ni-um.*  Scammony.  The 
Pbarmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  concrete 
juice  of  the  root  of  the  Con  col' vulus  Scam - 
mo'nia.  Scammony  is  an  active  cathartic, 
often  causing,  when  taken  alone,  griping, 
or  other  unpleasant  consequences,  to  ob- 
viate which  it  is  usually  combined  with 
other  medicines. 

Scanimo'iiiiim  Sy-ri'a-cunn.* 

(“  Syrian  Scammony.”)  A name  for  the 
gum  resin  obtained  from  the  root  of  the 
Convol' vulus  Scammo'nia.  See  Scammo- 
niitm. 

Scammony.  See  Scammonium. 

Scan 'dent.  [Scan'dens;  from 
scan' do,  scan' sum,  to  “climb.”]  Climb- 
ing; clinging  to  contiguous  objects  for 
support,  by  tendrils,  etc.  Applied  to 
plants. 

Scan'sor,  o 'ris*  [From  the  same.] 
A climber.  Applied  in  the  plural  (Scan- 
so'res)  to  an  order  of  birds  which  have 
the  toes  arranged  in  pairs,  two  before 
and  two  behind,  a conformation  of  the 
foot  which  is  admirably  adapted  for 
climbing. 

Scan-so'res,*  the  plural  of  Scansor, 
which  see. 

Scan-so'ri-al.  A climbing  bird.  See 

Scansor. 

Scape.  [Sca'pus;  from  ckHttos,  a 
“ stick,”  or  “ staff ;”  a “ stalk.”]  A flower- 
stalk  which  arises  from  the  stem  at  or  be- 
neath the  surface  of  the  ground,  as  in  the 
primrose,  blood-root,  etc. 

Sca'pka.*  [From  <jk6.t:tw,  to  “dig.”] 
A skiff,  or  small  boat.  The  depression 
or  cavity  of  the  external  ear,  otherwise 
called  Fos'sa  navicula'ris. 

Scaphoid,  or  skaf'oid.  [Scaphoi'- 
491 


SCA 


SCH 


des;  from  sea'pha,  a “skiff,”  and  eidog,  a 
“form.”]  Resembling  a little  boat; 
navicular. 

Scap-i-flo'riis.*  [From  sea' pus,  a 
“scape,”  and  fins,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  upon  a scape:  scapiflo'rous. 

Scap'I-form.  [Seapifor'mis : from 
sea' pus,  a “ scape.”]  Formed  like  a 
scape. 

Scap'I-ger,*  or  Sca-pig'e-rns.* 

[From  sea' pus,  a “ scape,”  and  ge'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Having  scape-like  stems:  sca- 
pigerous. 

Scap'u-la.*  (Fr.  Omoplate,  o'mo'- 
pl&t'.)  The  shoulder-blade;  abonowhich 
extends  from  the  shoulder-joint  towards 
the  vertebral  column.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
and  generally  triangular,  in  the  mam- 
malia. 

Scap-u-lal'g’i-a.^  [From  scap'ula, 
and  a\yo;,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  scapula. 

Scap'u-lar.  [Scapula'ris.]  Of  or 
belonging  to  the  scapula.  Applied  to 
arteries,  veins,  etc. : scapulary. 

Seap-n-lo-dyii  !-»•**  [From  scap'ula, 
and  odvvri,  “pain.”]  Applied  to  pain  or 
rheumatism  in  the  shoulder. 

Scap'u-lo-Iln'me-ral.  [Scap'ulo- 
Mtmiera'lis.]  A term  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  shoulder-joint. 

Scar.  (See  Cicatrix.)  Applied  in 
Botany  to  the  Hilum,  which  see. 

Scarf '-Skill.  [Perhaps  from  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Seeorp,  “clothing,”  or 
“covering.”]  The  cuticle,  or  epidermis. 

Scsir-i-fi-ca'tioai.  [Scarifica'tio, 
o'nis;  from  scarif  ico,  scarijica' turn,  to 
“lance,”  as  a sore,  to  “'make  little  inci- 
sions.”] The  op  iration  of  making  small 
superficial  incisions,  or  punctures,  with 
a lancet  or  scarificator,  usually  with  a 
view  to  local  depletion. 

Scar-i-fi-ca'tor.  [Scaritica'tor, 
o'r is;  from  the  same.]  An  instrument 
used  in  the  operation  of  cupping.  Also, 
an  instrument  with  a blunt  edge,  used 
in  t >oth-extraction  for  separating  the 
gum  from  the  tooth. 

Sca'ri-ous,  or  Sca'ri-ose.  [Scario'- 
sus.]  Thin,  dry,  and  membranaceous. 
Applied  to  parts  of  plants. 

Scar-la-ti'na.*  [Feminine  singular 
of  srarlati' nus,  fe'hris  being  understood.] 
Scarlet  fever;  a disease  characterized  by 
contagious  fever,  and  a scarlet  eruption 
on  the  skin  in  patches,  ending  in  three  ' 
or  four  days  in  desquamation  of  the  cu-  | 
tide.  A genus  of  the  order  Exanthemata , i 
class  Pjfrexisp. , of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  It 
is  often  accompanied  with  great  soreness 
in  the  fauces  and  throat,  and  is  then 
492 


sometimes  termed  Scarlati'na  angino'sa 
or  paristhmit'ica.  See  Paristhmitis. 

Scarlati'na  Ma-lig'na.*  (“Malig- 
nant Scarlet  Fever.”)  A species  of  scar- 
latina, considered  to  be  essentially  the 
same  with  Cynan'che  malig'na  (putrid 
sore-throat). 

Scarlati'na  Sim'plex.*  (“Simple 
Scarlet  Fever.”)  A name  sometimes 
applied  to  a mild  form  of  scarlatina, 
attended  with  little  or  no  soreness  of  the 
throat. 

Scar'la-tine.  [Lat.  Scarlati'nns; 

from  the  Italian  Scar  lat' to , a “deep  red.”] 
Of  a deep  red  or  scarlet  color. 

Scar-Ia-tti-iio-i'des.*  [From  scarla- 
ti'nus,  and  eidog,  a “ form.”]  Resembling 
scarlatina  ( febris );  of  a scarlet  color: 
scarlatinoid. 

Scarlet  Fever.  See  Scarlatina. 

Scarred.  See  Cicatrizatus. 

Sceleton.  See  Skeleton. 

S^el-o-tyr'be.*  [From  oxekog,  the 
“leg,”  and  rvp^r],  “commotion,”  or  “agi- 
tation.”] Literally,  “leg-commotion.” 
A form  of  shaking  palsy,  usually  at- 
tended with  a contracted  state  of  the 
limbs. 

Scepacese,*  se-pa'she-e.  A small  nat- 
ural order  of  exogenous  trees,  natives  of 
tropical  India.  It  includes  the  See’ pa. 

Scheele’s  (sheelz)  Green.  A well- 
known  pigment  consisting  of  arsenite  of 
copper. 

ScSnerlievo,  skeR-leA'vo.  A disease 
in  Illyria  and  Dalmatia  of  a syphilitic 
character. 

Sclie-ro'ma.:-  [From  ex^pog,  “dry 
land,”  or  %np<k,  “ dry.”]  A dry  inflam- 
mation of  the  eye,  owing  to  a deficiency 
of  the  lachrymal  secretion. 

Sehin-dy-le'sis.;:  [From  axiv6v\coi, 

to  “ split  into  small  pieces.”]  A variety 
of  synarthrosis,  in  which  one  bone  is  re- 
ceived into  a slit  in  another,  as  the 
vomer  into  the  sphenoid. 

Schist,  shist.  [Schis'ta:  from  ox'i s<*>, 
to  “cleave.”]  A species  of  rock  of  a 
fissile  structure,  such  as  gneiss.  Often 
applied  to  the  varieties  of  slate. 

Sch  is-t  o-car ' pons.  [ Sell  is  t ocar 

pus:  from  <ryLaj,  to  “cleave.”  and  Kap-rog, 
“fruit.”]  Having  fissile  fruit.  Applied 
to  a family  of  mosses. 

Schist  oid.  [Schistoi'des:  from 
schis'ta,  “schist,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  schist. 

Seliis-tor'rha-ehis.*  [From  axurrd;, 
“cloven,”  and  the  “spine.”]  In 

Latin.  Spi'na  Rif'i-da.  Literally, 
“cloven  spine.”  Names  for  Jlydrorrh  j- 


SCII 


SCL 


ckis,  so  called  from  the  double  channel 
which  often  exists  through  a consider- 
able length  of  the  vertebral  column,  the 
one  channel  containing  the  spinal  mar- 
row, the  other  the  dropsical  fluid. — 
(Good.) 

Schis  tose,  or  Schis  tous.  [Schis- 
to'sus.]  Having  the  structure  of  schist. 

Scliizaiwlracese,*  ske-zan-dra'slie-e. 
[From  Sckizan' dra,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  found  in  India,  Japan,  and  North 
America. 

S^hnel-de'ri-an  Membrane. 

[From  Schnei'der,  its  describer.]  The 
mucous  membrane  lining  the  interior  of 
the  nose  and  cavities  directly  connected 
with  it.  Also  termed  the  Pituitary  mem- 
brane. 

Schorl.  [From  the  Swedish  Sc  or  l, 
“ brittle”  ?]  A brittle  mineral,  usually 
occurring  in  black,  prismatic  crystals. 
It  becomes  electric  by  heat  and  friction. 

S^i-a-do-phyl'lus.*  [From  mads,  a 
“ canopy,”  a “parasol,”  and  c/wWor,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  leaves  in  the  form  of 
an  umbrella  or  parasol. 

S^I-at'ic.  [Sciat'icus;  from  ischi- 
at'icus,  “ischiatic.”]  Belonging  to  the 
ischium.  See  Ischiatic. 

Sciat'fic  Nerve,  Great.  [Lat.  Ner'- 
vtis  Iseliiat'icus  Major?  Fr.  Grand 
Ner/  Sciatique,  gndN«  nenf  se'Sl't&k'.] 
The  termination  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic 
plexus.  It  is  the  largest  of  all  the  nerves, 
and  is  distributed  chiefly  to  the  muscles 
of  the  thigh. 

S^i-at'i-ca.*  [From  sciat’icus,  “be- 
longing to  the  ischium.”]  A rheumatic 
affection  of  the  hip-joint.  Also,  a neu- 
ralgic affection  of  the  sacro-sciatic  nerve. 
See  Ischiagra. 

Sci'eaice.  [Scien'tia;  from  sci’o,  to 
“know.”]  Knowledge;  learning;  skill. 
The  knowledge  of  many  persons  method- 
ically digested  and  arranged  so  as  to  be- 
come attainable  by  one.  The  knowledge 
of  reasons  and  their  conclusions  consti- 
tute abstract,  that  of  causes  and  effects  and 
of  the  laws  of  nature,  natural,  science. 

Scilla,*  gen.  [Perhaps 

from  oxfXXw,  to  “ dry.”]  Squill.  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Hexandria, 
natural  order  Liliacese.  Also,  the  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  (U.S.  Ph.)  of  the  bulb  of 
Scilla  (or  Sqnilla)  maritima,  but  accord- 
ing to  the  British  Pharmacopoeia,  of  the 
I Jrgin'ea  scil'la. 

Scil'la  Ma-rit'i-ma.*  The  squill, 
or  sea-onion. 

Scillae  Ma-rit'i-mae  Bulbils.* 

42* 


(“Bulb  of  the  Scilla  Maritima.”)  See 
Scilla. 

S$irii-tin.  [Scilliti'na;  from  scil'la, 
“ squill.”]  The  active  principle  of  the 
squill. 

Scimitar-Shaped.  See  Acinaci1 

FORM. 

S^in-til-la'tion.  [Scintilla'tio, 

o'nis ; from  scintil’lo,  scintilla' turn,  to 
“sparkle.”]  A sparkling,  as  of  fire. 
Applied  to  the  twinkling  or  tremulous 
motion  of  the  fixed  stars,  which  appear 
as  if  the  rays  of  light  coming  from  them 
were  not  continuous,  but  produced  by 
particles  succeeding  each  other  at  inter- 
vals by  a vibratory  movement. 

S$i'on.  A young  branch  or  shoot  of 
a tree,  especially  one  used  for  grafting. 

Scir-rho-gas'trl-a.*  [From  csifpog, 
“scirrhus,”  and  yacrrrip,  the  “stomach.”] 
Scirrhus,  or  incipient  cancer,  of  the  sto- 
mach. 

Scir'rhond.  [Scirrhoi'des;  from 
csippog,  a “ hard  tumor,”  and  eidog,  “ re- 
semblance.”] The  same  as  Keloide, 
which  see. 

Sclr-rho'ma,  at?/?.*  [From  mafpdio, 
to  “ harden.”]  The  same  as  Scirrhus. 

Sclr-rho-sar'ca.*  [From  scir’rhus, 
and  <x<ip£,  “flesh.”]  The  Scleriasis  neona- 
torum, or  scirrhous  hardening  in  the  flesh 
of  new-born  infants.  See  Scleroma. 

Seir'iiions.  [Scirrlio'siis:  from 
scir'rhus.]  Of  the  nature  of  scinhus,  or 
pertaining  to  scirrhus. 

Scir'rlins.*  [Gr.  mcifpog;  Fr.  Sqnirrhe, 
or  Squirre , sk&R.]  A hard,  indolent  tu- 
mor, mostly  affecting  a glandular  part, 
but  occasionally  occurring  in  other  tis- 
sues. It  generally  precedes  cancer  in  the 
ulcerated  state.  A genus  of  the  order 
Tumores,  class  Locales,  of  Cullen's  Nosol- 
ogy. 

S^at-a-miii'e-se.*  A synonym  for 
Zingiberaceje,  which  see. 

S^i-u-ri'ni,*  or  S^i'u-rines.  [From 

sciu'rus,  a “squirrel.”]  A family  of  Ro- 
dents, of  which  the  genus  Sciurus  is  the 
type.  They  are  distinguished  by  their 
very  narrow  lower  incisors,  and  by  their 
long  bushy  tail. 

S$I'u-roid.  [From  the  same.]  In 
Botany,  like  a squirrel's  tail. 

Selerasitliacese,*  skle-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From  Scleran' thus,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  found  in  Europe,  Asia,  and  North 
America.  They  are  all  weeds. 

Sele-re  nia,  a tis*  [From  mc\rip6s, 
“hard,”  and  oede'ma,  a “dropsical  swell- 
ing.”] A hard  or  indurated  oedema. 

493 


SCL 


SCO 


Scle-rem'a-tons.  Belonging  to  scle- 
rema; of  the  nature  of  sclerema. 

Scl&r-en-se-pha'li-a.*  [From  ok\ti- 
pog,  “hard,”  and  eytdpaXo^  the  “ brain.”] 
Induration  of  the  substance  of  the  brain. 

Scle-ri'a-sis.*  [Fromo-*A>7pdj,“  hard.”] 
An  induration,  or  hard  tumor;  ascirrhus. 

Seifer'o-sren.  [From  cicXnpos,  “ hard,” 
and  ykvm,  to  “be  born,”  to  “be  pro- 
duced.”] The  same  as  Lignine,  which 
see. 

Scle-ros? 'e-iius. * [From  c<Xrip6gf 

“hard,”  and  yevvdm,  to  “produce.”]  Mak- 
ing hard;  hardening  or  thickening. 

Scle-ro'ana,  a tis*  [From  aicXr,pdco,  to 
“harden.”]  Properly,  a hard  tumor.  Ap- 
plied to  an  induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue,  arteries,  integuments,  <fcc. 

Seler-o-me'ninx.*  [From  asXripdg, 
“hard,”  and  pomy%,  a “membrane.”] 
Literally,  the  “ hard  or  tough  membrane.” 
A name  for  the  Dura  Mater,  which  see. 

Scler-opli-tlial'mi-a.*  [From 

cKXnpdg,  “hard,”  and  dbOaXyog,  an  “eye.”] 
Protrusion  of  the  eyeball.  Inflammation 
of  the  eye,  attended  with  hardness. 

Scler-o-pl»ylTus.*  [From  acXripos, 
“hard,”  and  (pvXXov , a “leaf.”]  Having 
rigid  or  stiff  leaves. 

Scler'o-pus.*  [From  cKXrjpog,  “hard,” 
and  Trouf,  a “foot.”]  Having  the  foot  or 
stipes  very  hard. 

Scler-o-sar-co'ma,  a tis.%  [From 
o/cXripds,  “hard,”  and  odpKmya,  a “fleshy 
tumor.”]  A hard,  fleshy  excrescence. 

Scle-ro'sis.*  The  progress  of  scle- 
roma. Virchow  defines  the  term  to  be 
“ thickening  with  condensation.” 

Scle-ro'tal.  [Sclerota'lis;  from 
i vcXipog , “hard.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to 
the  cartilaginous  or  osseous  parts  of  the 
sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye. 

Scle-rot'ic.  [Sclerot'icus;  from 

c/fA?/poa>,  to  “harden.”]  Hard;  tough. 

Sclerot'ic  Coat.  [Tunica  Scle- 
rot'ica.]  The  same  as  Sclerotica, 
which  see. 

Scle-rot'I-ca.*  [From  sclerot' icus, 
“ hard.”]  The  hard,  dense,  fibrous  mem- 
brane of  the  eye,  which  with  the  cornea 
forms  the  external  coat  or  tunic  of  that 
organ ; sometimes  called  the  white  of  the 
eye. 

Scle-ro'tis.*  A name  for  the  Scle- 
rotica, which  see. 

Scle-ro-ti'tia,  i die.*  [From  scle- 
ro'tis.\  Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic 
coat  of  the  eye. 

Sco-bic'u-lar.  [Scobicula'ri* ; 

from  scobs , sco'bis,  “sawdust.”]  The 
same  as  Scobiform. 

494 


Scob'i-form.  [Scobifor'mis;  from 
the  same.]  Applied  to  seeds  that  are 
fine  as  sawdust. 

Scobs,*  gen.  Sco'bis.  Any  powder 
or  dust  produced  by  sawing,  filing,  &c. 
Also,  the  scoria  of  any  metal. 

Scol'e-coid.  [Scolecoi'des ; from 
<7Vu3A?7|,  a “worm,”  and  eUog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a worm;  vermiform. 

ScoI-e-col'o-g,y»  [Scolecolo'gia; 
from  oKjoXrj%,  a “worm,”  and  Aoyos,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  upon  worms;  the 
science  of  worms. 

Sco-li-o'ma,  a tis.%  [Gr.  oKoXiwpa ; 
from  cKoXiow,  to  “crook,”  to  “bend.”] 
A bend  or  curve.  Applied  to  a morbid 
curvature  of  the  spine. 

Sco-lI-o'sis.i:  [Gr.  cKoXiaxrig ; from 

the  same.]  A distortion  of  the  spine. 
The  progress  or  formation  of  scolioma. 

Sco-li-ot'ic.  [Scoliot'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  scoliosis. 

Scolloped.  See  Crenate,  and 
Scalloped. 

Sco-pa'ri-um.*  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (Ed.  and  Dub.  Ph.)  for  the  tops  of 
Cytisus  scoparius.  See  next  article. 

Sco-pa'ri-us.*  [From  sco'pse , a 
“broom.”]  Broom.  The  Pharmaco- 
pceial  name  ||  for  the  fresh  tops  of  the 
Cytisus  scoparius,  otherwise  termed  the 
Spartium  scoparium,  and  Sarotham'mus 
scopa’rius.  Broom  is  diuretic  and 
cathartic,  and  has  often  proved  useful  as 
a remedy  in  dropsy. 

Scor'a-mis.*  [From  <m3p,  “ordure.”] 
A night-stool,  or  night-chair. 

Scor-bu'tic.  [Scorbu'ticus.]  Re- 
lating to  scorbutus , or  scurvy,  or  affected 
with  scurvy. 

Scor-bu'tus.*  The  scurvy,  a disease 
characterized  by  heaviness,  dejection  of 
spirits,  bloated  countenance,  livid  spots 
on  the  skin,  offensive  breath,  spongy 
gums,  with  occasional  haemorrhage  from 
the  mouth  and  nostrils,  swelling  of  the 
legs,  etc.  A genus  of  the  order  Impcti - 
y ines,  class  Cachexisc,  of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 
ogy  ; also  termed  Porphyra. 

Sco'ri-a,*  plural  Sco'rl-se.  [From 
(TKtUp,  “excrement.”]  Properly,  the  dross 
of  melted  metals.  Usually  applied  to 
volcanic  cinders. 

Sco-rl-a'ccous.  [Scoria'ceus.]  Re- 
lating to,  or  like,  scoria. 

Scoria*.  See  Scoria. 

Sco'rl-form.  [Scorifor'niis:  from 
sco'ria.]  Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance of  scoria?. 

Scor'pi-oid.  [Scorpio! 'dew:  from 
oKopnius,  a “ scorpion,”  and  uiog,  a “ form.”] 


SCO 


scu 


Resembling  a scorpion ; coiled  round  like 
a scorpion,  as  the  branches  of  the  cyme 
of  the  Heliotrope. 

Sco-tas'ma,  a ft*.*  [From  gkotol^m,  to 
“darken.”]  Dimness  of  sight. 

Scotcli-Fid'dle.  A vulgar  term  for 

scabies. 

Sco-to'ma,*  plural  Sco-to'ma-ta. 

[From  okoto<; , “darkness.”]  Darkness 
before  the  eyes;  obscurity  of  vision;  an 
affection  symptomatic  of  various  dis- 
eases. 

Scott’s  A$'id  Bath.  A bath  of 
diluted  aqua  regia,  employed  by  Dr.  Scott 
as  a remedy  for  jaundice.  The  aqua 
regia  should  be  compounded  of  three 
parts  in  measure  of  muriatic  acid,  and 
two  of  nitric  acid;  and  in  preparing 
them  for  use,  a pint  of  the  combined  acid 
is  to  be  mixed  with  a pint  of  water.  The 
acid  bath  is  to  consist  of  three  ounces 
of  this  diluted  acid  to  every  gallon  of 
water. 

Scro-bic'u-late.  [Scrobocula'tus ; 

from  scrobic'nlus,  a “ditch,”  or  “cavity.”] 
Pitted;  marked  with  pits  or  cavities. 

Scro-bic-u-lo'sus.*  [From  the  same:] 
Synonymous  with  Scrobiculate. 

Scro-bic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of 
scrobs,  a “ditch.”]  A little  ditch;  a pit 
or  hollow. 

Scrobic'ulus  Cor'dis.*  (Literally, 
the  “Pit  of  the  Heart.”)  The  hollow 
part  near  the  region  of  the  heart;  the  pit 
of  the  stomach. 

Scrof'u-la,*  written  also  Scroph'u- 
la.*  [From  scro'/a,  a “sow;”  because 
swine  are,  it  is  said,  sometimes  affected 
with  a similar  disease.]  (Fr.  Scrofulas, 
skRo'ful',  and  Ecrouellcs , AkRoo'ell'.) 
The  king's  evil.  A disease  characterized 
chiefly  by  chronic  swelling  of  absorbent 
glands,  particularly  of  the  neck,  behind 
the  ears,  and  under  the  chin,  tending 
slowly  to  imperfect  suppuration.  A ge- 
nus of  the  order  Impetigines,  class  Ca- 
chexia, of  Cullen’s  Nosology;  also  termed 
Struma. 

Scrof-u-lo'sis.*  The  morbid  condi- 
tion or  progress  of  scrofula. 

Scrof'u-lous.  [Scrofulo'sus.] 

Having  scrofula;  of  the  nature  of  scrof- 
ula. 

Scroph'u-la.*  The  same  as  Scrof- 
ula, which  see. 

Scroph-u.la'ri-a  Ko-do'sa.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  figwort,  a plant 
of  the  natural  order  Scrophvlariacese. 

Scrophulariaccse,*  skrof-u-la-re- 
a'she-e.  [From  Scrophula'ria,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 


plants  (herbs  or  shrubs),  found  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  except  the  coldest. 
They  are  allied  to  Solanacese,  and  are 
generally  acrid  and  bitterish.  Some  of 
them  are  poisonous.  It  includes  the 
Diyita’lis  (Foxglove)  and  Calcevla’ria. 

Scroph-u-la'rl-av  the  plural  of 
Scrophula'ria,  forming  the  Jussieuan 
name  of  an  order  of  plants.  SeeScROPH- 

ULARIACEjE. 

ScroplMi-lo'sis.  The  same  as 
SCROFULOSIS. 

Scro'tal.  [Scrota'lis.]  Relating  to 
the  scrotum. 

Scro'tal  Mer'ni-a.  [Ilcr'uia 
Scrota'lis,  or  Hcr'nia  Scro'ti.]  The 

protrusion  of  a part  or  parts  of  the  vis- 
cera, into  the  scrotum;  termed  also  Os- 
cheocele, and  Scrotocele. 

Scro'tl-form.  [Scroti for  nit*  ; 

from  scro'tum,  a “bag,”  or  “pouch.”] 
Pouch-shaped. 

Scro'to-^ele.*  [From  scro'tum,  and 
KiiXrj,  a “ tumor.”]  The  same  as  Scrotal 
Hernia,  which  see. 

Scro  tum, * gen.  Scro'ti.  (Literally, 
a “ bag,”  or  “ pouch.”)  The  common 
integuments  which  enclose  the  testicles 
as  in  a bag,  or  pouch. 

Scru'ple.  [Scru'pulus;  diminu- 
tive of  scru’pus,  a “little  stone.”]  A 
weight  of  twenty  grains.  See  Gramma. 

Scurf.  [Fur  fur,  ur?s.]  Small  ex- 
foliations of  the  cuticle,  or  branlike 
scales  which  occur  on  the  scalp  or  skin, 
after  some  cutaneous  eruptions;  dandriff. 
In  Botany,  applied  to  minute  or  branlike 
scales  on  the  epidermis. 

Scurvy.  See  Scorbutus. 

Scu'tatc.  [Scuta'tus;  from  scu' turn, 
a “shield.”]  Shield-shaped.  Applied 
in  Zoology  to  a surface  protected  by  large 
scales. 

Scu-teria,*  or  Scu-tel'Ium.*  [Dimi- 
nutive of  sen' turn,  a “shield”?]  Lite- 
rally, a “platter.”  Applied  to  a speci*  s 
of  fructification,  orbicular,  concave,  and 
raised  at  the  margin,  as  in  some  lichens. 
Also,  a small  triangular  piece  on  the  back 
of  the  mesothorax,  between  the  elytra,  or 
the  wings  of  insects. 

Scu-tel'lse,*  the  plural  of  Scutella, 
which  see. 

Scu-tel-la'ri-a.*  Scullcnp.  ThePhar- 
macopceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
of  the  Scutelfa'ria  laterijlo’  ra.  It  is 
reputed  an  efficacious  nervine. 

Scu'tel-latc.  [Scutella'tus;  from 
scvteVla , “a  platter.”]  Applied  to  a 
lichen  that  is  covered  with  scutellse.  Hav- 
ing c>nceptacles  formed  like  scutellse. 

495 


scu 


SEC 


Scu-tel'lX-forai.  [Scutellifor'mis ; 

from  scutel'la,  a “ platter/']  Formed  like 
a platter. 

Scu-tel-lo-i'des.*  [From  scutel'la, 
a “ platter,”  and  eldog,  a “form."]  Re- 
sembling a scutella. 

Scii-ti-braii-cflii-a'tus.*  [From  scu'- 
tum,  a “ shield,"  and  branchiae.]  Applied 
in  the  plural  neuter  ( Scutobranchia'ta ) 
to  an  order  of  Gasterop'oda,  in  which  the 
shell  covers  the  animal,  and  particularly 
the  branchiae,  like  a shield. 

Sen'tX-forui.  [Scutifter'mis ; from 
sen' turn , a “shield."]  Resembling  a 
shield  in  form. 

Scu'ti-ped.  [Scu'tipes,  p'ecfo's;  from 
scu'tum,  a “shield,"  and  pes,  a “foot."] 
Literally,  “shield-footed."  Applied  to  a 
family  of  birds  having  the  forepart  of 
the  legs  covered  with  segments  of  un- 
equal horny  rings,  ending  on  each  side  in 
a groove. 

Scu'toid.  [Scwtoi'des;  from  scu'- 
tum, a “shield."]  Resembling  a shield; 
scutiform. 

S^yfo'a-lnm,*  plural  S^yb'a-la. 

[From  cKvSa\ov,  “ordure."]  Dry,  hard 
excrement  that  has  formed  into  little 
rounded  balls  like  sheep’s  dung,  or  some- 
what larger. 

S^y' plii-form.  [Scyphifor'mis ; 

from  aKvpog,  a “cup."]  Formed  like  a 
cup  or  goblet. 

S^y-plio-i'des.*  [From  oKvpog,  a 
“cup,"  and  e'idog,  a “ form."]  Resembling 
a cup:  scy'phoid. 

Scytoblasta.  See  Scytoblastema. 

S^y-to-blas-te'ma,  a tis.%  [From 
okvto;,  a “ skin,"  and  PX.iarrj/xa,  a 
“growth."]  The  organic  growth  or  de- 
velopment of  the  skin  ; also  of  the  exan- 
themata. 

Scy-to-blas-te'sis.*  The  progress 
of  scytoblaatema. 

Sc  I>e- fen-den 'do.*  (“In  Defend- 
ing Oneself.")  Applied  in  Medical  Juris- 
prudence to  a species  of  excusable 
homicide,  the  consequence  of  a lawful 
act  done  in  self-preservation. 

Seam.  See  Suture. 

Sea-Onion.  The  Scil'la  marit'ima, 
or  squill. 

Searcli'iii£.  The  operation  of  intro- 
ducing a metallic  instrument  through 
the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  to  ascertain 
the  presence  of  a calculus. 

Sea-Salt.  The  chloride  of  sodium, 
obtained  from  sea-water.  See  Sodii 
Chloridum. 

Sea-Sick 'n oss.  [Nan'seaMari'na.] 

A distressing  kind  of  sickness,  accom- 
496 


panied  with  vomiting,  generally  expe- 
rienced at  sea  by  those  who  are  as  yet 
unused  to  the  motion  of  the  vessel. 
After  one  has  become  somewhat  accus- 
tomed to  a sea-life,  it  usually  abates,  or 
ceases  altogether ; but  there  are  those 
who,  though  almost  constantly  at  sea, 
are  always  liable  to  a return  of  this 
affection  whenever  the  water  is  unusu- 
ally agitated. 

Se-ba'ceous.  [Seba'ceus;  from 

se'bum,  or  se'vum,  “suet."]  (Fr.  Sebace, 
sAbAsA.)  Fatty;  suety.  Applied  to 
glands  which  secrete  an  oily  matter  re- 
sembling suet. 

Se-ba^'ic.  [Seba$'icus;  from  se'bum, 
“ suet,"  or  “ tallow."]  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  suet  and  other  oils. 

Se'bate.  [Se'bas,  a'f/s.]  A combi- 
nation of  sebacic  acid  with  a base. 

Se-bif 'er-ous.  [Sebif'erus;  from 
se'bum,  “suet,"  or  “tallow,"  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear."]  Bearing  or  producing  fat  or 
oil.  Applied  to  certain  plants. 

Se-bip'a-rous.  [Sebip'arus;  from 
se'bum,  “tallow,"  and  pa' no,  to  “pro- 
duce," or  “bear."]  Producing,  forming, 
or  secreting  fat  or  oil. 

Sebum.  See  Sevum. 

Se-ca'le.*  [From  se'co,  to  “cut."] 
(Fr.  Seiyle,  segl  or  s&gl.)  Rye.  A Lin- 
naean  genus  of  the  class  Triandria , natu- 
ral order  Graminacese. 

Seca'Ie  Ce-re-a'le.*  The  systematic 
name  of  common  rye. 

Seca'Ie CoMiu'tnmJ  (“Horned,  or 
Spurred,  Rye.")  The  ergot  of  rye:  a 
diseased  growth,  or  excrescence,  on  the 
Secale  cereale,  black,  and  curved  like  the 
spur  of  a fowl.  See  Ergota. 

Sec'a-Sia.  [Secali'na.]  The  gluten 
of  the  Secale  cereale. 

Sec-a-li'ims.*  Belonging  to  the 
Secjale  cereale,  or  to  the  Secale  cor  nut  um. 

Se'caait.  [Se'caias;  from  se'co , to 
“cut."]  “Cutting."  Applied  to  a right 
line  drawn  from  the  centre  of  a circle  to 
one  extremity  of  an  arc,  and  produced 
until  it  meets  the  tangent  to  the  other 
extremity. 

Se-cer'nent.  [Secer'nens,  or  Se- 
creto'rius;  from  secer'no,  to  “ separate," 
or  “secrete."]  (Fr.  Secrttoire,  sAkuA- 
twau'.)  Literally,  “separating,"  and, 
hence,  “ secreting."  Applied  to  those  ves- 
sels whose  function  is  to  separate  mate- 
rials from  the  blood,  either  for  the  repro- 
duction of  the  several  parts  of  the  body, 
or  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  off  effete 
matter  from  the  system. 

Second  In-ten'tion.  Healing  or 


closing  of  wounds  by  the  second  inten- 
tion means  a cure  by  the  processes  of  sup- 
puration, granulation,  and  cicatrization. 
See  First  Intention. 

Second  Pair  (of  Nerves).  See  Op- 
tic Nerve. 

Sec'on-da-ry.  [From  secun'dus, 
“second,”  “inferior.”]  Second  in  order 
of  time  or  place:  inferior  in  importance, 
subordinate:  hence,  supervening,  as,  se- 
condary symptoms  of  a disease;  those 
which  supervene  on  the  primary. 

Sec'oiidary.  Applied  to  a quill  at- 
tached to  the  forearm,  or  second  portion 
of  the  wings,  of  birds. 

Sec'ondary  Fe'ver.  The  febrile 
condition  ensuing  after  a crisis,  or  after 
the  discharge  of  some  morbid  matter. 

Sec'ondary  Rocks  or  Stra'ta.  A 
series  of  stratified  rocks,  between  the 
primary  and  lowest  tertiary  strata. 

Secondary  Syphilis.  See  Syphilis. 

Se-cre'ta.*  [Plural  of  secre'tum , any 
thing  secreted.]  The  secretions,  as  milk, 
saliva,  bile,  etc.  See  Secretion. 

Se-cre'tion.  [Secre'tio,  o 'nis;  from 
secer'no,  secre'tnm , to  “ separate,”  or 
“secrete.”]  A natural  function  of  the 
body,  by  which  various  fluids  or  sub- 
stances are  separated  from  the  blood, 
differing  in  different  organs  according 
to  their  peculiar  function  : thus,  the  liver 
secretes  the  bile,  the  salivary  glands  the 
saliva,  the  kidneys  the  urine,  etc.  The 
term  secretion  is  also  applied  to  the  thing 
secreted  from  the  blood  of  an  animal  or 
the  sap  of  a plant. 

S£cr£toire.  See  Secernent. 

Se-cre'to-ry,  or  Se'ere-fo-ry. 
[Secreto'riws.]  The  same  as  Secer- 
nent, which  see. 

Sec'tile.  [See'tilis;  from  se'co,  sec' - 
tum,  to  “cut.”]  Capable  of  being  cut. 

Sec'tio  (sek'she-o)  Ca-dav'e-ris.* 
(“Cutting  of  a Dead  Body.”)  The  dis- 
section of  a dead  body : usually  ap- 
plied to  an  autopsy,  or  post-mortem  ex- 
amination. 

Sectio  Caesarea.  See  Cesarean 
Section. 

Sec'tio  Nym-pha'riim.'*  (“  Cutting 
of  the  Nymphae.”)  See  Nymphotomy. 

Sec'tflon.  [Sec'tio,  o' nis;  from  se'co , 
sec' turn,  to  “cut.”]  A cutting;  dissec- 
tion. A line  made  by  the  intersection  of 
two  planes;  also,  the  surface  formed 
when  a solid  body  is  cut  by  a plane. 

Se'cunid.  [From  se'quor,  to  “follow  :” 
because  one  part  seems  to  follow  the 
course  or  example  of  the  other.]  Hav- 
ing all  the  parts  turned  to  the  same 


side  of  the  axis.  Applied  to  certain 
flowers,  or  other  organs  of  plants. 

Sec  tin -dine,  or  Se-cuii'dine.  [Se- 
ciin'rima;  from  secun'dus , “second.”] 
The  second  or  inner  coat  of  the  ovule  of  a 
plant.  Applied  in  the  plural  to  the  after- 
birth, because  expelled  after  the  foetus. 

Sec  undines.  See  Secundine. 

Se-cun'dum.*  [From  se'quor , to 
“follow.”]  A Latin  term  signifying 
“ following,”  or  “ according  to.” 

£e-cun'duni  Ar'tem.*  (“Accord- 
ing to  Art.”)  That  is,  “according  to  the 
most  approved  method.” 

Se-cn-rif  'er-us.*  [From  secu'ris, 
an  “axe,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Ap- 
plied to  certain  insects  provided  with  an 
instrument  for  cutting  or  preparing  a 
place  in  which  to  deposit  their  eggs. 
Also,  the  same  as  Securigerous. 

Se-cii'ri-farm.  [Securifor'mis; 
from  secu'ris , an  “axe.”]  Shaped  like 
an  axe. 

Se*cu-rig'er-oiis.  [Secnrig'erns ; 

from  secu'ris,  an  “ axe,”  and  ge'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  an  axe,  or  what  re- 
sembles an  axe  or  hatchet.  Applied  to 
certain  plants. 

Sed.  = Se'des*  “A  stool.” 

Sedantia.  See  Sedatives. 

Se-da'tion.  [Seda'tio,  o'nis;  from 
sc' do , seda'tum , to  “ allay. ”j  The  act  of 
calming;  the  action  of  a sedative. 

Sed'a-tive.  [Sedati'vns;  from  the 
same.]  Allaying  irritability  or  excitement. 

Sed'a-tlves.  [Scdali'va,  and  Se- 
dan'tia.]  Medicines  which  by  their 
immediate  influence  diminish  vital  action. 
Some,  being  more  especially  directed  to 
the  circulatory  system,  are  termed  arterial 
sedatives;  while  others,  exerting  a direct 
influence  on  the  nervous  system,  are  called 
nervous  sedatives. 

Sed-en-ta'ri-a  Os'sa.*  (“Sedentary 
Bones.”)  Applied  to  the  bones  on  which 
we  sit,  the  Os  is  chi  i and  Os  coccygis. 

Sed'en-ta-ry.  [Sedenta  rius;  from 
se’deo,  to  “ sit.”]  Sitting  habitually  ; re- 
quiring a sitting  posture. 

Sedes.  See  Stool. 

Sed'i-ment.  [Sedimen'titm ; from 
se'deo,  to  “remain,”  or  “settle.”]  The 
particles  in  liquids  which  by  their  weight 
fall  to  the  bottom. 

Sed-i-men'la-ry.  [From  the  same.] 
Relating  to,  or  formed  by,  sediment. 
Applied  to  stratified  rocks  formed  of 
materials  deposited  from  a state  of  sus- 
pension in  water, — i.e.  to  all  rocks  except 
those  of  igneous  origin. 

Sed'litz  Pow'der.  A compound  of 

497 


SED 


SEM 


Rochelle  salt,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  tar- 
taric acid,  which,  dissolved  in  water, 
forms  an  effervescing  aperient  liquid  in 
imitation  of  Sedlitz  water.  See  Pul- 
YERES  EFFERVESCENTES  ApERIENTES. 

Se'dnm  A'ere.$  (“  Acrid  Sedum.”) 
The  systematic  name  of  the  small  house- 
leek,  a plant  of  the  Linnaean  class  De- 
candria,  natural  order  Crass ulacese.  It 
is  emetic  and  cathartic. 

Seed.  [Lat. Se'men;  Gr.cnr %*a;  Fr. 
Semence,  seh-moNss'.]  The  seed  of  a plant 
is  a body  produced  by  the  agency  of  a 
flower,  containing  a ready-formed  plant- 
let  or  germ,  called  the  embryo.  The  seed, 
like  the  ovule,  of  which  it  is  the  fertil- 
ized and  matured  state,  consists  of  a 
nucleus , or  kernel,  usually  enclosed  in 
two  integuments,  viz.:  the  Testa  (or 
Episperm),  and  the  Tegmen,  which  see. 
See  also  Semen. 

Seed-Bud.  See  Germen,  and  Germ. 

Seed-Coat.  See  Aril. 

Seed-Down.  See  Pappus. 

Seed-JLobe.  See  Cotyledon. 

Seed-Vessel.  See  Pericarp. 

Seeing-.  See  Vision. 

Seg'ment.  [S  eg  men 'turn ; from 
se'co , to  “cut.”]  A section  : a part  cut 
out  of  something;  one  of  the  divisions 
or  lobes  of  a leaf  or  other  organ  of  a 
plant.  The  segment  of  a circle  is  the 
part  of  its  area  comprised  between  a 
chord  and  the  arc  which  it  subtends. 

Seg're-gat-ed,  or  Seg' re-gate.  [Seg- 
grega'tus;  from  seg'rego,  segrega'tum , 
to  “ separate  from  the  flock.”]  Sepa- 
rated ; insulated. 

Seidlitz  Powder.  See  Sedlitz 
Powder. 

Seigle.  See  Secale. 

Seignette’s  (s&n-yetts')  Salt.  The 
same  as  Rochelle  salt,  which  was  disco- 
vered by  Seignette,  of  Rochelle. 

Sel.  The  French  word  for  Salt, 
which  see. 

Selaginaceae,*  se-laj-e-na'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  found 
in  Europe  and  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope.  It  includes  the  Sela'go. 

Se-le'ni-ate.  [Sele'nias,  a'f/s.]  A 
combination  of  sclenic  acid  with  a base. 

Se-len'ic.  [Selen'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  selenium.  Applied  to  an  acid 
obtained  from  it. 

Sel-e-nif 'er-ous.  [Selenif 'erus ; 

from  scle' ilium,  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Containing  selenium. 

Se-le'ni-oiiN.  [Sclenio'sus.]  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid,  the  second  degree  of 
oxidation  of  selenium. 

498 


Se-le'nate.  [Sele'nis,  i'f/s.]  A com-, 
bination  of  selenious  acid  with  a base. 

Sel'e-nite.  [Seleni'tes;  from  aeXnvrj, 
the  “ moon,”  and  \i0o;,  a “stone:”  named 
on  account  of  its  silvery  lustre.]  A spe- 
cies of  La'pis  specula'  vis , or  transparent 
sulphate  of  lime. 

Sel-e-aiit'ic.  [Selenit/icus.]  Ap- 
plied to  waters  which  hold  in  solution 
selenite,  or  sulphate  of  lime. 

Se-le'nl-iiBn.*  [From  ce\rjvrj,  the 
“moon.”  See  Tellurium.]  A non-me- 
tallic  elementary  body  which  resembles 
sulphur  in  chemical  properties.  It  is 
brittle,  opaque,  tasteless,  insoluble  in 
water  and  unaltered  by  air. 

Seleniuret,  se-len'yu-ret.  [Seleaii- 
uretiiin.]  A compound  of  selenium 
with  a simple  body. 

Sel-e-Biog'ra-pliy.  [Selenogra'- 
ptiia;  from  az\fivr],  the  “moon,”  and 
ypa0a>,  to  “write.”]  A description  of  the 
surface  of  the  moon. 

Sel-e-no-to-pog'ra-phy.  [Seleno- 
topogB*a'pbia;  from  at  A the  “moon,” 
toko;,  a “place,”  and  ypu</>w,  to  “write.”] 
A description  of  the  places  on  the  surface 
of  the  moon.  See  Topography. 

Se-li 'bra,*  or  Sem-I-li 'bra.*  [F rom 
se'mis,  “half,”  and  li'bra , a “pound.”] 
Half  a pound. 

Sel'la  Tur'^i-ca.*  (Fr.  Selle  Tur- 
cique,  sell  tur's^k'.)  (“Turkish  Saddle.”) 
The  small  depression  within  the  four 
clinoid  processes  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
on  which  the  pituitary  gland  rests. 

Sem.  = Se'men ,*  “seed,”  or  Sem'ina ,* 
“ seeds.” 

Se-mei-og'ra-pby.  [Semeiogra'- 
phia;  from  anpeiov,  a “ sign,”  or  “ symp- 
tom,” and  ypeupo),  to  “write.”]  A descrip- 
tion of  the  signs  of  disease. 

Se-mei-olo-gy.  [Semeiologia ; 
from  anpriov,  a “ sign,”  or  “symptom,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  That  branch  of 
Medicine  which  treats  of  the  signs  or 
symptoms  of  disease;  symptomatology; 
symbology. 

Se-mcB-o'sis.*  [From  orj/ictdij,  to 
“mark.”]  Applied  to  the  observation  of 
the  signs  or  symptoms  of  disease. 

Se-mei-ot/ic.  [Semeiot'icus:  from 
semeiot'ice.]  Belonging  to  the  signs  or 
symptoms  of  diseases. 

Se-meI-ot'ic».  [Semeiot'loa,  or 
SeBiieiot/ice ; from  oripcioco,  to  “mark 
with  a sign.”]  That  branch  of  Medicine 
which  treats  of  the  signs  or  symptoms 
of  diseases.  See  Semeiosis. 

Se'men,*  plural  Sean'i-na.  [From 
se'ro,  se'vi , to  “sow.”]  (Fr.  Sentence , 


SEM 


SEN 


seh  moNss'.)  The  seed  of  a plant.  (See 
Seed.)  Also,  the  seminal  liquor  secreted 
in  the  testicles  of  animals.  See  Sperma- 
tozoon. 

Se'men  Con'tra.*  An  abbreviation 
of  Semen  contra  Vermes,  which  see. 

Se'men  con  tra  Ver  mes.*  (“  Seed 
against  Worms.”)  A mixture  often  kept 
in  the  shops  on  the  European  Continent, 
as  a vermifuge.  It  consists  of  the  unex- 
panded llowers  of  different  species  of  Ar- 
temisia, mixed  occasionally  with  the  seeds. 

Se'racn  Sanc'tum.*  (“  Holy  Seed 
so  named  on  account  of  its  supposed 
virtues.)  The  seed  of  Artemisia  santonica. 

Semen,  Slow  Emission  of.  See 
Bradyspermatismus. 

Scmencc.  See  Seed,  and  Semen. 

Sem  i-.  [From  se'mis , “ half.”]  A 
prefix  denoting  half. 

Sem-i-cir'cu-lar  €a-nals'.  Three 
canals,  of  a form  indicated  by  their  name, 
in  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  and  opening  into  the  vestibulum. 

Sem-i-cor'date.  [From  se'mis , 

“half,”  and  cor , cor'dis,  a “heart.”] 
Half  heart-shaped  (divided  lengthwise). 

Sem-i-cu'pi-um.*  [From  se'mis , and 
cu'bo,  to  “lie  down.”]  A half-bath,  or 
hip-bath. 

Seaiadr.  ==  Semidr ach'ma.%  “ Half  a 
drachm.” 

Sem-I-flos'cu-lar.  [From  se'mis, 
“ half,”  and  Jlos,  a “ flower.”]  Applied  to 
ahead  of  flowers  whose  petals  are  ligulate. 

Semilt.  = Semiho'ra.*  “ Half  an 
hour.” 

Sem-I-lu'nar.  [Semiluna  ris;  from 
se'mis , a “half,”  and  lu'na,  the  “moon.”] 
Resembling  a half-moon,  or  crescent. 

Semilu'nar  Gan'gii-a.  The  gan- 
glia formed  on  the  sympathetic  nerve  as 
it  enters  the  abdomen,  from  which  nerves 
are  distributed  to  the  viscera;  the  ab- 
dominal ganglia. 

Semilunar  Valves.  [Vai  vulffi 
Semiluna'res.]  The  three  valves  at 
the  commencement  of  the  aorta ; also 
applied  to  the  same  number  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  pulmonary  artery. 

Sem-i-lu'nate.  The  same  as  Semi- 
lunar, which  see. 

Sem-i-mem-bra-no'siis.*  [From 
sem'is,  a “ half,”  and  membra' na,  a “ mem- 
brane.”] (“Half-membranous  [Muscle].”) 
A muscle  arising  from  the  tuber  ischii 
and  inserted  into  the  head  of  the  tibia 
and  into  the  lower  part  of  the  femur. 
It  bends  the  leg. 

Sem'i-na,*  gen.  Sein'i-num,  the 
plural  of  Semen,  a “seed.” 


Sem  i-nal.  [Semina'lis;  from  se'- 
men, a “seed.”]  Belonging  to  seed,  or 
the  semen  ; relating  to  seed. 

Seminal  Air.  See  Aura  Seminalis. 

Sem-i-na'tion.  [Scmina'tio,o'»/« ; 
from  se'men,  a “seed,”  or  the  “semen.”] 
Literally,  the  “ act  of  sowing  seed.”  The 
natural  dispersion  of  seeds  ; also,  the  iin- 
mission  of  the  semen  in  uterum. 

Sem-I-nif ' er-oiis.  [Seminif crus ; 
from  se'men,  “ seed,”  and fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”] 
Bearing  seeds;  also,  conveying  the  semi- 
nal fluid. 

Se-min  i-form.  [Seminiforniis ; 

from  se'men,  “ seed.”]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  seed. 

Se-min'u-la,*  or  Se-min'n-lnm.* 

[Diminutive  of  se'men,  “seed.”]  Often 
applied  to  the  reproductive  corpuscles  of 
cryptogamous  plants. 

Sem-I-or-bic'u-lar.  [From  sem'i , 
“half,”  and  or' bis,  an  “orb,”  or  “cir- 
cle.”] Half-round:  semicircular. 

Sem-i-o'vate.  [From  sem'i,  “half,” 
and  ova'tus,  “ovate.”]  Like  the  half  of 
an  ovate  figure  divided  longitudinally. 

Se'mis,*  or  Se- mis  ' sis.*  The  half 
of  any  thing.  See  SS. 

Sem-i-sep'tate.  [From  se'mis,  a 
“half,”  and  sep'tum,  a “ partition.”]  In 
Botany,  having  a partition  reaching 
partly  across. 

Sein-I-Spi-na'les.*  [From  se'mis, 
“half,”  and  spi'na , a “spinous  process;” 
because  they  are  attached  half  to  the 
spinous  and  half  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses.] Two  muscles  connected  with  the 
transverse  and  spinous  processes  of  the 
vertebrae,  and  termed  respectively  semi - 
spina'lis  col'li,  and  semispina' lis  dor'si. 

Semissis.  See  Semis. 

Sem-I-ten-di-no'sus.*  (“  Semiten- 
dinous  [Muscle].”)  The  name  of  a mus- 
cle arising  from  the  tuber  ischii  and  in- 
serted into  the  anterior  tuberosity  of  the 
tibia.  It  bends  the  leg. 

Sem'I-te-rete.  [From  sem'i,  “half,” 
and  te'res,  “long  and  round.”]  Half 
cylindrical.  Applied  to  plants. 

Sem-per-vi'rent.  [From  sem'per, 
“always,”  and  vi'rens,  the  present  parti- 
ciple of  vi'reo,  to  “be  green.”]  Ever- 
green. 

Sem-peir-vi'vce.*  [From  sem'per, 
“always,”  and  vi'vus,  “alive,”  or  “liv- 
ing.”] The  Jussieuan  name  of  a natu- 
ral order  of  plants.  See  Crassulace^e. 

Sene.  See  Senna. 

Sen'e-ca  Oil.  A name  given  to  a 
variety  of  petroleum  obtained  on  or  near 
Seneca  Lake,  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

499 


SEN 


SEP 


It  nas  been  much  used  as  an  external 
application  in  rheumatism. 

Sene'ci©  (se-ne'she-o)  Vul-g’a'ris.* 
Groundsel..  A plant  of  the  natural  order 
Composite.  It  is  emetic  in  large  doses, 
but  is  seldom  used.  It  is  sometimes  ap- 
plied externally  to  painful  swellings  and 
ulcers. 

Se-nec'ttis,  n't  is*  [From  se’nex, 
“ old.’’]  (Fr.  Vieillesse,  ve-A'yess'.)  Old 
age;  usually  reckoned  from  about,  the 
sixtieth  year. 

Sen'e-ga.*  [From  Sen'egal. ] Seneka. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  ||  namj  for  the  root 
of  Polyg'ala  Sen’ ega.  It  is  a stimulating 
expectorant  and  diuretic.  It  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  a remedy  for  the  bite 
of  the  rattlesnake,  whence  the  popular 
name  snake-root . 

Sen'e-£in.  [Senegi'na.]  An  alka- 
line principle  obtained  from  the  root  of 
Polygala  senega. 

Se-nes'^ence.  [Senescen'tia;  from 
8enes'co , to  “grow  old.”]  The  state  or 
progress  of  growing  old. 

Senev€,  sAn'vA',  or  sAneh-v&'.  A 
French  name  for  mustard.  See  Sinapis. 

Senile.  [Seni'lis;  from  se'nex, 
"old;”  also,  an  “old  man.”]  Of  or  be- 
longing to  old  age;  old:  as,  /Etas  senilis 
(“old  age”),  Arens  senilis  (“bow  of  old 
age”).  See  Arcus  Senilis.* 

Sen'll  a.**  (Fr.  Sene , sk'nk'.)  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
leaflets  of  Cassia  acutifolia , C.  obovata, 
and  C.  elongata.  Senna  is  a prompt, 
efficient,  and  safe  purgative,  and  is  well 
adapted  to  those  affections  in  which  a de- 
cided but  not  violent  impression  is  de- 
sired. 

Sen'na  Al-ex-an-clri'na.*  (“Alex- 
andrine Senna.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  various 
species  of  Cassia. 

Sen'na,  A-mer'I-can.  A name  for 
the  Cassia  Marilandica. 

Sen'na  In'dI-cqu*  (“Indian  Sen- 
na.”) The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  the 
leaves  of  the  Cassia  elongata  (Br.  Ph.), 
or  C.  offi,  inalis  (Lond.  Ph.).  See  Senna. 

So-  n ©c ' n-late.  [Senooula'tus ; 

from  se'ni,  “six,”  apd  oc'ulus , an  “eye.”] 
Having  six  eyes. 

Scn-siTtmn.  [Sensa'ti©,  © 'nis  ; 
from  sen'tio,  sen' sum,  to  “perceive,”  to 
“think,”  or  “ feel.”]  The  consciousness 
of  an  impression  made  by  an  external 
body  on  the  organs  of  sense;  the  imme- 
diate effect  produced  on  the  mind  by  the 
contact  of  an  external  object  with  the 
nerves  of  sensation. 

500 


Sensations,  Diseases  affecting; 

tlie.  See  ^Esthetic. 

Sense.  [Sen'suss  from  sen'tio,  sen' - 
sum,  to  “ perceive,”  to  “ think,”  or  “ feel.”] 
A faculty  by  which  the  properties  or 
conditions  of  external  things  are  per- 
ceived. There  are  usually  reckoned  five 
senses  : viz.,  sight,  hearing  (or  audition), 
taste,  touch,  and  smell,  which  will  be 
noticed  under  their  proper  heads. 

Sen-si-bil  i-ty.  [Sensibil'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  the  same.]  That  faculty  by  which 
the  brain  perceives  an  impression  made 
upon  it;  the  power  by  which  living  parts 
receive  impressions  from  the  different 
bodies  placed  in  contact  with  them. 

Sen'si-ble.  [Sensib'ilis ; from  the 
same.]  Capable  of  sensation;  percepti- 
ble by  the  senses;  capable  of  exciting 
sensation. 

Sen'si-tive.  [Sensiti' vus : from  the 
same.]  Endowed  with  feeling ; easily 
affected;  sentient. 

Sensitive  Plant.  A name  for  the 
Mimo'sa  pudi'ea , a small  annual  plant, 
remarkable  for  the  irritability  or  sponta- 
neous motion  of  its  pinnate  leaflets,  which 
collapse  and  fold  up  when  touched,  or 
when  irritated  by  casting  on  them  the 
focus  of  a burning-glass.  A similar 
change  takes  place  on  the  approach  of 
night,  when  the  plant  seems  to  go  to  sleep. 

Sen-s©'ri-al.  [Sens©ria'lis ; from 
senso'rium,  “ centre  of  sensation,”  the 
“ brain.”]  Belonging  to  the  sensorium. 

Sen-so'ri-nm.$  [From  sen'tio,  sen'- 
sum,  to  “ perceive,”  or  “ feel.”]  Centre  of 
sensation ; the  brain ; also,  the  collection 
of  ganglia  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Senso'rium  C©m-mn'ne.*  (“  Com- 
mon Sensorium.”)  The  common  seat  or 
centre  of  all  the  senses,  where  the  nerves 
proper  to  the  different  organs  of  sense 
take  their  origin.  Applied  to  the  brain. 

Sen's©-ry.  [Sens©'rins;  from  sen'- 
8 us,  “sense.”]  A term  applied  to  those 
nerves  which  convey  impressions  to  the 
neural  axis,  as  distinguished  from  the 
motory  nerves. 

Sentient,  sen'she-ent.  [Sen'tiens; 
from  sen'tio,  to  “perceive,”  or  “feel.”] 
Having  sensation  or  feeling.  That  which 
is  particularly  susceptible  of  sensation, 
as  the  extremities  of  the  nerves. 

Sentimentalism.  See  Alusia,  and 
Elatio. 

Se  pal.  [Sep'alnm:  from se'par,  “di- 
vided”?] A division  or  leaf  of  a calyx. 

Sep'a-line,  or  Sep'a-l©ns.  [From 
sep'alum,  a “sepal.”]  Relating  to  sepals. 

Sep'a-l©id.  [Sepal©i'«le»*,  from 


SEP 


SEP 


sep’alum,  a “ sepal,”  and  £?<5oj,  a “form.”] 
liesembling  a sepal. 

Sep'a-riit-cd  Flow'ers.  When  sta- 
mens and  pistils  occupy  separate  flowers, 
these  are  called  separated. 

Sep  a-ra- to-r y . [Separato'rl  um ; 
from  sep'aro,  separa'  turn,  to  “ separate.”] 
A vessel  used  for  separating  fluids  of 
different  densities,  or  liquors  from  the 
materials  with  which  they  have  been 
mixed,  or  the  essential  from  the  less  im- 
portant parts.  Also,  an  instrument  for 
separating  the  pericranium  from  the 
skull,  in  post-mortem  examinations  or 
dissections. 

Sc'pi-a.*  A pigment  prepared  from 
a black  juice  secreted  by  the  glands  of 
the  Sepia , or  cuttle-fish,  which  the  ani- 
mal ejects  to  darken  the  water  and  con- 
ceal itself  from  its  enemies.  This  juice 
was  used  as  ink  by  the  ancients.  It 
forms  a beautiful  brown  pigment  with  a 
fine  grain.  See  next  article. 

Se'pi-a-<lav-  [From  Se'pia,  the 
“cuttle-fish.”]  A family  of  Mollusks  of 
the  cuttle-fish  tribe.  They  belong  to  the 
order  Cephalopoda,  which  see. 

Sep'ta,*  gen.  Sep-to'rum,  the  plural 
of  Septum,  which  see. 

Sep-tai'mi-jjL*  [From  o-^r^,  “pu- 
trid,” and  alfxa , “blood.”]  A morbid 
state  of  the  blood,  caused  by  septic  or 
putrid  matters  received  into  the  circula- 
tion. Essentially  the  same  as  Ichor^emia. 

Sep'tate.  [From  sep'tum,  a “parti- 
tion.”] Having  a partition.  Applied  to 
pericarps. 

Sep-tem-an-gu-la'tus.*  [From  sep'- 
tem, “ seven,”  and  an' (/ulus,  an  “ angle.”] 
Having  seven  prominent  angles. 

Sep-tem-den ' tate.  [Septemden- 
ta'tus;  from  sep'tem , “seven,”  and  dens, 
a “tooth.”]  Having  seven  teeth.  Ap- 
plied to  certain  animals. 

Sep-tem-lo'bate.  [Septemloba'> 
tus;  from  sep'tem,  “seven,”  and  to' bus, 
a “lobe.”]  Having  seven  lobes. 

Sep-tem-ner'vis.*  [From  sep'tem, 
“seven,”  and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”]  Hav- 
ing seven  nerves. 

Sep'te-nate.  [Septeua'tus ; from 
septe'ni,  “ seven,”  “ by  sevens.”]  Disposed 
in  sevens. 

Sep-ten'tri-o-nal.  [Sep  tent  rio- 
na'lis,  or  Septentriona'rius:  from 
septen'trio,  the  “north.”]  Northern; 
that  which  grows  in  or  inhabits  the 
north  or  northern  countries. 

Septfoil.  See  Tormentilla. 

Septlisemia.  See  Sept^emia. 

Sep' tie.  [Sep'ticus;  from  crjnct),  to 
43 


“putrefy.”]  Tending  to  putrefy;  caus- 
ing putrefaction. 

Sep-ti-ci'dal.  [Septici'dus ; from 

sep'tum , a “fence,”  a “partition,”  and 
cse'do , to  “cut.”]  Dehiscent  by  the  par- 
titions,— i.e.  along  the  lines  of  junction. 
Applied  to  the  capsules  of  plants. 

Sep- 1 if  'er-ous.  [Septif  erus; 

from  sep'tum,  a “partition,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  septa. 

Sep'ti-form.  [Sept  i for 'mis;  from 
sep'tum,  a “partition.”]  Formed  like  a 
septum. 

Sep-tif 'ra-gnl.  [Septif  ragus ; 

from  sep'tum,  a “ partition,”  and  fran'yo, 
to  “ break.”]  Septifragal  dehiscence  is 
a modification  of  either  the  loculicidal, 
or  septicidal,  in  which  the  valves  fall 
away  , leaving  the  dissepiments  attached 
to  the  axis. 

Sep'ti-lis.*  [From  sep'tum,  a “par- 
tition.”] Applied  to  the  placentarium 
when  attached  to  the  septa:  sep'tile. 

Sep-tu-la'tus.*  [From  sep'tulum,  a 
“little  septum.”]  Having  septula. 

Sep-tu-lif  'er-ous.  [Sept  u lifer,  or 
Septulif  'erus ; from  sep'tulum,  a “ little 
septum,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bear- 
ing septula. 

Sep'tu-lum,*  plural  Sep'tu-la. 

[Diminutive  of  sep'tum,  a “partition.”] 
A “little  septum.”  Applied  to  a lamina 
which  divides  the  anther  of  the  Orchids 
into  two  cavities. 

Septum,*  plural  Sep'ta.  [From  se'- 
pxo,  sep'tum,  to  “enclose,”  to  “fence  in.”] 
A Latin  word  signifying  a “ fence,” 
“partition,”  or  “enclosure.”  In  Botany, 
a dissepiment.  Also  applied  to  bony, 
cartilaginous,  or  membranous  partitions 
in  the  human  body. 

Sep'tum  Au-ric-u-la'rum.*  (“  Par- 
tition of  the  Auricles.”)  The  partition 
which  separates  the  right  from  the  left 
auricle  of  the  heart. 

Sep'tum  Cer-e-bel'li.*  (“Partition 
of  the  Cerebellum.”)  The  process  of  the 
dura  mater  dividing  the  cerebellum  per- 
pendicularly into  symmetrical  halves. 

Sep'tum  Cer'e-bri.*  (“  Partition 
of  the  Brain,  or  Cerebrum.”)  The  falci- 
form process  of  the  dura  mater. 

Sep'tum  Cordis.*  (“Partition  of 
the  Heart.”)  The  septum  or  partition 
between  the  ventricles  of  the  heart. 

Sep'tum  lai'ci-dum.*  (“Pellucid 
Septum.”)  A thin  triangular  partition 
between  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Sep'tum  Na'ri-um.*  (“Partition 
of  the  Nostrils.”)  The  partition  between 
the  nostrils. 


501 


SEP 


SER 


Septum  Pee-tin-i-for'me.- 

(“  Comb-like  Partition.”)  An  imperfect 
tendinous  septum  separating  the  crura 
of  the  penis. 

Septum  Scro'ti.*  (“  Partition  of 
the  Scrotum.”)  A partition  formed  by 
the  dartos,  dividing  the  scrotum  into  two 
equal  cavities  and  separating  the  testes. 

Septum  Trans-ver'sum.® 

(“Transverse  Partition.”)  The  dia- 
phragm, which  separates  the  thorax  from 
the  abdomen.  This  term  is  also  applied 
to  the  tentorium  cerebelli. 

Sep' t urn  V en  -tric-u-lo'r  um 

(“Partition  of  the  Ventricles.”)  The 
partition  which  separates  the  right  from 
the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart. 

Seq.  Iaice  = Sequen'ti  Lu'ce “ The 
following  day.” 

Se-que'la,*  plural  Se-que'Ise.  [F rom 
8e'quor , to  “follow.”]  A consequence  or 
sequel.  In  Pathology,  sequelae  are  mor- 
bid affections  which  succeed  to  acute  or 
severe  diseases  after  the  latter  have 
abated. 

Se-que'lse,*  gen.  $eq-uc-la'rum,  the 
plural  of  Sequela,  which  see. 

Se*ques'truin,:j  [From  seques'tro, 
to  “sever,”  to  “separate.”]  Any  dead 
portion  of  bone  in  a wound,  abscess,  or 
ulcer,  cast  off  by  necrosis. 

Se'ri-al.  [Seria'lis;  from  se'ries , 
an  “ order,”  or  “ row,”  “ succession.”] 
Following  in  a determinate  order,  or  ar- 
ranged in  rows. 

Se'ri-ate.  [From  the  same.]  The 
same  as  Serial,  which  see. 

Sericeous,  se-rish'us.  [Seri^'eus; 
from  ser'icum,  “silk.”]  Silky;  resem- 
bling silk. 

Ser-I-ci-fo'li-us.*  [From  ser'icum, 
“silk,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
silken  leaves. 

Ser'i-cum.*  [Gr.  cripncdv.]  Silk,  the 
product  of  several  animals,  but  chiefly 
of  the  Bom'byx  mo'ri,  or  silkworm.  In 
Botany,  applied  to  a kind  of  soft,  hairy 
pubescence,  of  a white,  shini.ig,  silky 
appearance. 

Se'ri-es.*  [From  se’ro , to  “join.”] 
A Latin  word  signifying  an  “order,  or 
continuous  succession.”  A geometrical 
series  is  one  to  which  each  term  is  a 
multiple  of  the  preceding  by  a constant 
factor.  Series  is  applied  in  Geology  to 
a group  of  strata,  as  the  “secondary 
series,”  the  “transition  series,”  the  “Si- 
lurian series,”  etc. 

Ser'o-lin.  [SeroM'na;  from  se'rum, 
and  o'leum , “oil.”]  An  oily  or  fatty  mat- 
ter discovered  in  the  serum  of  the  blood. 

502 


Se-ros'l-ty.  [Serositas.  a 'tie;  from 
se'rum,  “whey.”]  The  serum  of  the 
blood,  or  the  whey  of  milk. 

Se-rot'i-nons.  [Serotinus;  from 
se'rus,  “ late.”]  Late;  late  in  the  even- 
ing. In  Botany,  flowering  or  fruiting 
late.  See  Membrana  Serotina. 

Se  rous.  [Sero'sus;  from  se'rum.] 
Of  the  nature  of  serum;  also,  secreting 
serum. 

Ser'pens.*  [Present  participle  from 
ser'po,  to  “creep.”]  Creeping  or  wind- 
ing like  a serpent.  Applied  to  a form 
of  baldness.  See  Area. 

Ser-pen-ta'ri-a.*  [From  ser'pens, 
a “serpent;”  so  called  because  reputed 
to  be  an  antidote  for  the  bite  of  serpents.] 
Virginia  Snakeroot,  or  Ser'pentary.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  root  of 
Aristolo'chia  serpenta' ria,  and  other  spe- 
cies of  Aristolochia : the  Aristolochi re ser- 
pentarise  radix  (“root  of  Aristolochia  scr- 
pentaria ”)  of  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 
Serpentaria  is  a stimulant  tonic,  some- 
times acting  as  a diaphoretic  and  diu- 
retic. 

Serpenta'ria  'Vir-gin-i-a'na.* 

Another  name  for  Aristolo'chia  serpenta'- 
ria. 

Serpentary.  See  Serpentaria. 

Ser-pen ' ti-form.  [Serpen  t ifor 

mis;  from  ser'pens,  serpen' tis,  a “ser- 
pent.”] Having  the  form  of  a serpent. 

Ser 'pen-tine.  [Serpenti'nus;  from 
the  same.]  Pertaining  to  a serpent; 
winding  about  like  a serpent;  meander- 
ing. 

Ser'pentine.  [From  the  same.]  A 
magnesian  rock  of  various  colors,  and 
often  speckled  like  a serpent’s  skin.  It 
sometimes  occurs  crystallized,  and  is 
used  for  ornamental  purposes.  Vcrd 
antique  is  an  aggregate  of  serpentine 
and  marble. 

Ser-pigr'I-nous.  [Serpigino'sus.] 

Having  serpigo. 

Ser-pi'go,  £' inis.*  [From  scr'po,  to 
“creep.”]  Ringworm,  or  tetter.  See 
Herpes. 

Ser'ra.*  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“saw.”  Applied  to  the  serrations  or 
tooth-like  articulating  processes  of  cer- 
tain bones,  as  those  of  the  cranium. 

Serrate,  or  S^r'rat-ed.  [Serra'- 
tus;  from  ser'ra , a “saw.”]  Beset  with 
teeth  pointing  forwards,  like  those  of  a 
saw.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Ser-rat'I-form.  [Serrat ifor  mas; 
from  the  same.]  Having  the  appearance 
of  a saw. 

Ser-rii'tion.  [Serra'tio;  from  ser'ra, 


SEE 


SET 


a “saw.”]  A formation  or  structure  re- 
sembling the  teeth  of  a saw. 

S£r'ra-ture.  [From  the  same.]  One 
of  the  teeth  of  a serrate  leaf  or  body. 
Also,  a notching  or  indenture  in  the 
edge  of  any  thing. 

Ser-ra'tos  Magnus.^  (“Great 
Serrated  [Muscle].”)  A muscle  of  the 
lateral  thoracic  region,  arising  by  fleshy 
serrations  from  the  upper  ribs,  and  in- 
serted into  the  whole  length  of  the 
scapula. 

Serra'tws  Pos-ti'cus.*  (“Posterior 
Serrated  [Muscle].”)  The  name  of  two 
muscles  of  the  back,  superior  and  infe- 
rior, arising  from  some  of  the  vertebrae, 
and  inserted  by  serrations  into  several 
of  the  ribs: 

Serrc-N«eud  (Fr.),  sen  nuh.  [From 
server , to  “press,”  and  nceud,  a “knot.”] 
The  name  of  an  instrument  used  in  sur- 
gery to  tighten  ligatures. 

Ser'ru-late.  [Serrula'tus;  from 
ser'rula,  a “little  saw.”]  Minutely  ser- 
rated ; serrate  with  fine  teeth. 

Ser'tii-lunn.*  [Diminutive  of  ser'- 
tum , a “garland.”]  A term  sometimes 
applied  to  a simple  umbel. 

Se  rum.5  The  greenish-yellow  fluid 
constituent  of  blood,  which  separates 
from  the  crassamentum  during  coagula- 
tion ; the  liq'uor  san'yuinis  deprived  of  its 
fibrin  or  coagulable  matter;  serosity. 
Also,  the  whey  of  milk. 

Se  rum  Lac'tis.5  (“  Serum  of  Milk.”) 
Whey.  See  Wiiey. 

Serv.  = Ser'va .*  “ Keep,  or  preserve.” 

Ses'a-mi  Fo'la-uin,*  or  Ses'a-mi 
Fo'li-a.**  Benne  Leaf.  The  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves 
of  the  Ses'amum  In'dicum  and  Ses'amum 
oriented  le. 

Ses'a-nioid.  [Sesamoi'des,  or 
Sesamoi'deus ; from  aiiaayou,  a “ seed 
of  the  sesamum,”  and  e76og,  a “form.”] 
Eesembling  a grain  of  sesamum. 

Ses  amoid  Bones.  [Os'sa  (or  ©s- 
sic'ula)  Sesamoi'dea.]  A designation 
of  certain  small  bones  found  at  the 
roots  of  the  first  joint  of  the  thumb  and 
of  the  great  toe. 

Ses'qni-.  A prefix  signifying  “one 
and  a half,”  as  sesqui-yranum,  a “grain 
and  a half.”  Used  in  Chemistry  to  in- 
dicate that  an  equivalent  and  a half  of 
one  ingredient  is  combined  with  one  of 
another.  See  Sesquioxide. 

Sesquili.  = aS 'esquiho'ra.*  “An  hour 
and  a half.” 

Ses-qui-ox'itle.  Literally,  a com- 
pound of  one  and  a half  proportions  of 


oxygen  with  one  proportion  of  some 
other  body,  or,  which  is  the  same,  of 
three  equivalents  of  oxygen  and  two 
equivalents  of  another  body. 

Sesquiox'ide  of  I'ron,  otherwise 
called  Fer-ox'Iile  of  I ron.  A prepa- 
ration made  by  adding  water  of  ammo- 
nia to  a solution  of  the  sulphate  of  iron. 
The  precipitate  deposited  is  the  hydrated 
oxide  of  iron  (the  Fer'ri  ox'idum  hy- 
drci'tum  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia), 
also  termed  the  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron,  forming  the  best,  if  not  the  only, 
antidote  for  poisoning  with  arsenic.  By 
exposure  to  heat  in  a covered  vessel,  it 
becomes  the  simple  sesquioxide  (or  per- 
oxide) of  iron. 

Ses'sile.  [Ses'silis;  from  se'deo, 
ses'sum,  to  “sit.”]  Sitting  close  to  the 
stem;  having  no  petiole  or  peduncle. 
Applied  to  leaves  and  flowers. 

Ses-si-li-flo'rus.5  [From  scs'silis, 
“sessile,”  and  Jios,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing sessile  flowers:  sessiliflo'rous. 

Ses-si-ll-fo-ll-a'tus,*  or  Ses-sl-ll- 
fo'Ii-us.*  [From  scs'silis,  “sessile,” 
and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having  sessile 
leaves:  sessilifoliate;  sessilifolious. 

Sesmic. = Sesnn1  ciaS'  “ An  ounce 
and  a half.” 

Se'ta,*  plural  Se'tse.  A bristle.  In 
Botany,  a species  of  pubescence  covering 
certain  plants.  Also  applied  to  the  stiff 
hairs  that  issue  from  certain  of  the  Anel- 
lata  and  serve  in  lieu  of  feet. 

Se-ta/ceous.  [Seta'ceus;  from  se'ta, 
a “bristle.”]  Like  bristles. 

Se'tse,*  the  plural  of  Seta,  which 
see. 

Se-tif'er-ons.  [Setif'ems;  from 

se'ta,  a “bristle,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
The  same  as  Setigerous,  which  see. 

Se'tl-fonn.  [Setifor'mis;  from 
se'ta,  a “bristle.”]  Formed  like  a 
bristle. 

Se-tig'er-ons.  [Set'ig-er,  or  Se- 
tigf'erws;  from  se'ta,  a “bristle,”  and 
ye' ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  bristles. 

Se'ton,  or  Setaceum,*  se-ta'she-um. 
[From  se’ta,  a “ bristle,”  or  “ coarse  hair,” 
horse-hair  having  been  originally  used 
for  setons.]  A small  canal,  or  artificial 
passage,  made  under  the  skin  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  a seton-needle, 
carrying  with  it  a number  of  threads  of 
linen,  silk,  or  cotton,  which  are  daily 
moved  forwards  or  backwards,  in  order 
to  keep  up  a constant  irritation  and  dis- 
charge. 

Se-tose'.  [Seto'stis;  from  se'ta,  a 
“bristle.”]  Covered  with  bristles;  bristly. 

503 


SET 


SHO 


Set'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of  se'ta,  a 
“ bristle/’]  A small  bristle. 

Sev'enth  Pair  [Par  Sep'tivmim]. 

A pair  of  encephalic  nerves  divided  into 
two  parts:  the  portio  dura  (“hard  por- 
tion”) being  distributed  to  the  face,  and 
hence  termed  facial  nerve ; and  the  por- 
tio mollis  (“soft  portion”),  called  the 
auditory  nerve,  sending  its  filaments  to 
the  ear. 

Sev'enth  Sense,  also  called  Visce- 
ral Sense.  A term  applied  by  some  wri- 
ters to  the  instinctive  sensations  arising 
from  the  ganglionic  department  of  the 
nervous  system. 

Se'vnm.*  Suet.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  for  the  prepared  fat  of  sheep ; 
the  Adeps  ovilli.  Tallow;  fat.  Also 
termed  Sebum . See  Adeps. 

Se'vum  £e'ti.*  (“  Fat  of  the  Whale.”) 
Spermaceti,  obtained  from  the  Physe'ter 
macroceph'  alus. 

Se'vnin  O-villum.*  Mutton  suet. 

Sex-fa 'ri-®ws.  Six-rowed.  Applied 
to  parts  of  plants. 

Sex'tid,  or  Sex'i-ficl.  [Sex'fulns; 

from  sex , “six,”  and  jin' do,  to  “cleave.”] 
Divided  into  six  portions. 

Sex-flo'rus.:i:  [From  sex,  “six,” 
and  Jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having  six 
flowers:  sexiflo'rous. 

Sex-par' tiite.  [From  sex,  “six,” 
and  pa.r'tio,  parti' turn,  to  “part.”]  Six- 
parted. 

Sex'tant.  [From  sex' tans,  the  “sixth 
part,”  the  limb  of  the  instrument  being 
a sixth  part  of  a circle.]  An  instrument 
for  measuring  the  angular  distance  of 
objects  by  reflection.  It  is  chiefly  used 
for  nautical  purposes  in  measuring  the 
altitudes  of  celestial  objects. 

Sex'u-sU.  [Sexwa'lis;  from  sex' us, 
“sex.”]  Belonging  to  sex;  distinguish- 
ing the  sexes. 

Sex'ual  Sys'tem.  The  system  or 
method  of  classifying  plants  invented  by 
Linnaeus,  founded  on  the  number,  posi- 
tion. and  connection  of  the  sexual  organs. 

Shad 'dock.  A large  fruit,  resem- 
bling the  orange,  obtained  from  the  Cit'- 
rus  decuma'na,  growing  in  the  East  and 
West  Indies.  It  has  a slightly  bitterish 
or  astringent  taste,  which  renders  it  less 
palatable  than  the  orange;  but  it  is 
peculiarly  grateful  and  acceptable  to  the 
stcinach  in  the  convalescence  from  sea- 
sickness, especially  in  hot  climates. 

Nliagjjy.  gee  Hirsute. 

Shaking  Pal'sjf.  The  common 
name  for  the  Synclonus  ballismus  of  Dr. 
Good 


Shale.  A crumbling  variety  of  slate ; 
indurated  clay. 

Sham-poo'ing*.  The  employment 
of  the  vapor-bath,  accompanied  by  a 
process  of  friction,  kneading,  and  exten- 
sion of  the  muscles,  tendons,  and  liga- 
ments. 

Sharp.  See  Acute. 

Sharp-Pointed.  See  Cuspidate, 
and  Mucronate. 

Sheath.  [Vagi'na.]  In  Botany,  a 
tubular  body  enclosing  or  surrounding 
some  other. 

Sheath,  Med'ul-la-ry.  A tissue  of 
spiral  vessels  or  ducts  surrounding  the 
pith  of  plants.  This  is  no  special  organ, 
and  merely  represents  the  earliest-formed 
vascular  tissue  of  the  stem. 

Shell.  [Crws'ta,  Tes'ta.]  The 
calcareous  skeleton  which  encloses  the 
soft  parts  of  a testaceous  mollusk;  an 
inorganic,  laminated  deposit  of  calcare- 
ous earth,  more  or  less  combined  with 
albuminous  matter.  Shells  are  divided 
into  univalve,  bivalve,  and  multivalve, 
and  are  the  subjects  of  the  science  of 
Conchology.  Also,  the  covering  of  an 

egg- 

Sher'bet.  [Lat.  Sorbe'tiim,  or 

Sorbe'thum : Fr.  Sorbet,  soR'b&Z.]  A 
cooling  summer  drink  much  used  in  the 
East,  made  of  the  juice  of  fruits  and 
water,  variously  sweetened  and  flavored. 

Sher'ry.  [Tinum  Xericum; 
from  Xeres,  a town  of  Spain.]  The  Vinum 
album,  or  white  wine. 

Shield.  A name  for  an  apothecium. 
See  Apothecia. 

Shield  -like  Car'ti-lage.  The  Car- 

tilago  scutiformis,  or  Cartilago  thyroides. 

Shield-Shaped.  See  Peltate,  and 

Scutiform. 

Shin.  [Anticne'mion.]  The  crest, 
or  prominent  anterior  ridge,  or  edge,  of 
the  tibia:  sometimes  applied  to  the  bone 
itself. 

Shin'-Bone.  The  tibia,  or  large  bone 
of  the  leg.  See  Tibia. 

Shin'gles.  [From  cin'gulum,  a “gir- 
dle.”] A popular  name  for  Herpes 
Zoster,  which  sec. 

Shoot.  [Sur'culus.]  Any  young 
or  fresh  branch  of  a plant. 

Short-Sightedness.  Sec  Myopy. 

Shoulder.  See  Armus,  and  Hu- 
merus. 

Shoulder-Blade.  See  Scapula. 

Show,  or  lia'bor  Show . Popularly, 
the  red -colored  mucus  discharged  from 
the  vagina  shortly  before  childbirth. 

Show  er- Bath.  [Implu  viuiii.] 


504 


SIIR 


SIE 


A mode  of  bathing  which  consists  in 
throwing  a column  of  water  with  more 
or  less  violence  upon  the  surface  of  the 
body.  When  a column  of  water  is  let 
fall  from  a considerable  height,  it  is 
termed  by  the  French  Douche  (doosh). 
See  Douche. 

Shrivelled.  See  Corrugated,  and 
Rugose. 

Shrub.  [Fru'lex.]  A woody  plant 
with  a stem  branched  from  or  near  the 
ground,  and  less  than  five  times  the 
height  of  a man.  A shrub  which  ap- 
proaches a tree  in  size,  or  resembles  it 
in  aspect,  is  said  to  be  arborescent. 
Also,  a liquor  made  of  acid  fruits,  sugar, 
and  other  substances  to  give  a flavor, 
digested  in  rum  or  brandy.  Shrub  in 
this  sense  is  a corruption  of  the  Arabic 
sherab  (she-r&b'),  and  is  nearly  the  same 
as  Sherbet. 

Sforub-like.  See  Fruticose. 

Sl-ara-den,  eu  is.*  [From  aiaXov, 
the  “spittle/’  and  dbi\v,  a “gland.”]  A 
salivary  gland. 

Si-al-ad-c-ni'tis,  i die.®  [From  siaV- 
aden , a “salivary  gland.”]  Inflamma- 
tion of  a salivary  gland. 

Si-al-ad-e-Bion'cus.*  [From  sial'a- 
den,  a “salivary  gland,”  and  oy/cof,  a 
“tumor.”]  Swelling  of  a salivary  gland. 

Si-al'a-gog-iie.  [Sialago'gus;  from 
cia\o>,  “saliva,”  and  aya>,  to  “lead  or 
carry  off.”]  Having  power  to  increase 
the  flow  of  the  saliva. 

Si-a-li'na.*  [From  ataXov,  “saliva.”] 
A term  for  a peculiar  principle  contained 
in  the  saliva:  sialin. 

Si'a-line.  [Siali'mis;  from  o-taXoy, 
“saliva.”]  Belonging  to  the  saliva,  or 
spittle. 

Si-a-lo'des.*  [From  aia\ov,  “saliva.”] 
Having  saliva;  like  saliva. 

Sa'a-loid.  [Sialoi'des;  from  aia\ov, 
“saliva,”  and  eUog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling saliva. 

Si-ado-li-thi'a-sis.*  [From  aiaXov, 
“saliva,”  and  lithi'asis,  the  “formation 
of  stone.”]  The  formation  of  salival 
calculus. 

Si-a-lol'I-tBms.*  [From  ma\ov , 

“saliva,”  and  XiOog,  a “stone.”]  A sali- 
val calculus. 

Si-a-lol  'o-gy.  [Sialolo'gia;  from 
cia\o  , “saliva,”  and  Xiyo;,  a “ discourse.”] 
Tne  doctrine  of  the  saliva;  that  branch 
of  Physiology  which  treats  of  the  saliva, 
its  secretion,  uses,  etc. 

Si-a-lon'cus.*  [From  maXov,  “sali- 
va,” and  oy/co;,  a “tumor.”]  A tumor 
ander  the  tongue,  resulting  from  ob- 
43* 


struction  to  the  flow  of  saliva  by  a salP 
val  calculus. 

Si-a-lor-rlice'a.*  [From  oiciXov, 
“saliva,”  and  pi co,  to  “flow.”]  A flow 
of  the  saliva. 

Sib'bens.  A popular  Scotch  term 
for  a disease  resembling  syphilis. 

Sib'i-lant.  [Sib'ilans;  from  sib'ilo, 
to  “hiss.”]  Making  a hissing  sound,  or 
whistling. 

Sic'cant.  [Sic'eaus;  from  s/c'co,  to 
“dry.”]  Having  power  to  dry;  drying. 

Sic-$i-fo'li-us.*  [From  sic'cus, 
“dry,”  and  f o’ lium,  a “leaf.”]  Having 
a dry  leaf:  siccifo'lious. 

Siek.  [Lat.  JF'ger:  Fr.  Malade, 
m&'l&d'.]  Affected  with  Sickness, 
which  see. 

Siek'ness.  [Lat.  Morbus,  and 
JFgritu'do;  Fr.  Mala  die,  m&'l&'d£\] 
In  a general  sense,  any  kind  of  disease 
or  malady  involving  the  whole  body, 
but  applied  more  particularly  to  a nau- 
seated state  of  the  stomach,  with  or 
without  retching  and  vomiting. 

Surer~a-ition.  [Sidera'tio,  o 'nis  ; 
from  si’dus,  a “ star,”  or  “ constellation.”] 
A sudden  attack,  supposed  to  be  the 
result  of  sidereal  influence.  Under  this 
term  were  included,  by  the  ancients, 
apoplexy  and  paralysis;  also,  mortifica- 
tion, or  sphacelus. 

Si-de're-al,  or  Sid'e-ral.  [Side'- 
reus,  and  Sidera'lis;  from  si'dus,  sid'- 
eris,  a “star.”]  Belonging  to  the  stars, 
or  signs  in  the  heavens;  starry.  A side- 
real day  is  the  time  in  which  the  earth 
makes  a complete  rotation  on  its  axis, 
with  respect  to  a fixed  star,  or  any  fixed 
point  in  space. 

Sid-e-ri'tes.*  [Gr.  oiSripbris,  “of  or 
belonging  to  iron;”  from  cidripog,  “iron,” 
\iOog,  a “stone,”  being  understood.]  A 
name  for  the  magnet,  or  loadstone. 

Sid-e-rog'ra-pliy.  [Siderogra'- 
pliia;  from  oidripog , “iron,”  or  “steel,” 
apd  ypacpa),  to  “write.”]  A history  of 
iron  or  steel;  the  art  or  practice  of 
engraving  on  steel. 

Sid-e-ro-teeh'ni-a.*  [From  oiSnpog, 
“iron,”  and  rex^n,  “art.”]  The  art  of 
treating  minerals  containing  iron;  also, 
the  art  of  working  in  iron. 

Sienite.  See  Syenite. 

Si-er'ra.  [From  ser'ra,  a “saw.”] 
A Spanish  word  signifying  a “saw,”  but 
usually  applied  to  a chain  of  high  moun- 
tains, because  at  a great  distance  the 
peaks  present  an  appearance  resembling 
saw-teeth. 

Sieve.  See  Colatorium. 


505 


SIE 


SIL 


Sieve-1  iSce.  See  Coliformis,  Crib- 
riform, and  Ethmoid. 

Si-gaul'tX-an  ©p-e-va'tiom.  The 
division  of  the  symphysis  pubis  in  cases 
of  impracticable  labor  from  contraction 
or  deformity,  first  performed  by  Sigault. 
See  Symphysotomy. 

Sigh.  See  Suspirium. 

Sight.  See  Yisus,  and  Vision. 

Sight,  Dimness  of.  See  Caligo. 

Sight,  Morbid.  See  Paropsis. 

Sig'il-late.  [Sigilla'tus ; from 
siyil'lnm , a “seal.”]  Marked  with  a seal. 

Sig  moid.  [Sigmoi'des;  from  2, 
and  e'iSo;,  a "form.”]  Curved  like  the 
letter  S;  resembling  the  Greek  letter  2 
(sigma). 

Sig'onoid  Flex'ure.  [Flexu'ra 
Sigmoi'ctea.]  A name  applied  to  that 
portion  of  the  colon  which  is  between  the 
descending  portion  and  the  rectum. 

Sig'moid  Valves.  [Val'vulae 
Sigmoi'deze.]  The  semilunar  valves  of 
the  aorta  and  of  the  pulmonary  artery. 

Sign.  [Sig'num.]  Literally,  a " mark.” 
Applied  to  any  appearance,  symptom,  or 
circumstance  from  which  the  physician  is 
enabled  to  decide  as  to  the  nature  or  pro- 
bable termination  of  the  disease.  In 
Pharmacy  the  term  is  applied  to  certain 
marks  employed  in  formulae  and  pre- 
scriptions, viz.:  lb  for  a pound;  5 for  an 
ounce;  3 for  a drachm;  3 for  a scruple; 
Tip  for  a minim.  In  Astronomy,  it  denotes 
a portion  of  the  ecliptic,  or  zodiac,  con- 
taining thirty  degrees. 

Sig'na.*  [Imperative  mood  of  sic/' no, 
to  "mark.”]  "Mark,”  or  "write.”  A 
word  added  at  the  end  of  prescriptions 
to  show  what  directions  are  to  be  copied 
by  the  druggist  for  the  guidance  of  the 
patient  or  his  attendant. 

Si-le'ue  Vir-gin'I-ca.*  The  syste- 
matic name  of  Wild  Pink,  a plant  of  the 
natural  order  Caryophyllacese.  The  root 
has  been  used  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Si' lex, V-  gen.  Sil'I-$is.  [From 
a " stone,”  or  " pebble”  ?]  Flint ; quartz. 
Sometimes  synonymous  with  Silica. 

Sil'i-ca.*  [From  si' lex.']  One  of  the 
primitive  earths;  a substance  composed 
of  oxygen  and  silicon  (or  silicium),  and 
sometimes  called  silicic  acid.  It  forms 
the  principal  ingredient  of  a variety  of 
silicious  minerals,  among  which  quartz, 
flint,  rock-crystal,  and  chalcedony  may 
be  considered  as  silica  nearly  pure.  It 
predominates  in  granite  and  sandstone. 
Silica  in  its  ordinary  or  anhydrous  state 
is  insoluble  in  all  acids  except  the  hydro- 
fluoric. 

506 


Sil'i-cate.  [Sil'icas,  a ’tis.]  A com- 
bination of  silicic  acid  with  a base. 

Si-li<g'ic.  [Sili^'icus.]  Belonging 
to,  or  derived  from,  silica.  Applied  to 
an  acid. 

Sil-i-cif'er-ous.  [Silicif 'erus ; 

from  sil'ica,  and  fe'ro,  to  " bear.”]  Con- 
taining silica. 

Sil'X-ci-form.  [Silicifor'mis ; from 
si' lex,  sil'icis,  "flint.”]  Having  the 
form  of  silex,  or  flint. 

Silicious,  se-lisli'e-us.  [Silicio'sus; 
from  sil’ica.]  Resembling  or  containing 
silica. 

Silicium,*  se-lish'e-um.  Another 
name  for  Silicon,  which  see. 

Sil'i-cle,  or  Sil'I-cule.  [Silic'ula ; 

diminutive  of  sil'iqua,  a "silique,”  or 
"pod.”]  A "little  pod;”  a short  silique 
or  short  pod  of  Cruciferse,  as  shepherd’s- 
purse. 

Sil'i-cou.  A simple,  non-metallic, 
infusible  substance  which  forms  the 
base  of  silica.  It  bears  a greater  analogy 
to  boron  than  to  any  other  known  princi- 
ple. It  is  not  acted  on  by  any  single  acid, 
but  is  soluble  by  a mixture  of  nitric  and 
hydrofluoric  acids. 

Sil-i-cu-li-for'mis.*  Having  the 
form  of  a silicle : siliculiform. 

Sil-I-cu-lo'sa.*  [From  silic'ula,  a 
"small  or  short  silique.”]  The  name 
of  an  order  in  the  Linnman  class  Tetr ady- 
namia. 

Sil-i-cu-lose'.  [Siliculo'sus;  from 
silic’ula,  a "silicle.”]  Having  or  resem- 
bling silicles. 

Silique,  se-leek'.  [Sil'iqua.]  A 
slender,  two-valved  capsule  of  a crucif- 
erous plant,  like  those  of  the  mustard 
and  radish.  It  has  two  parietal  placentae 
from  which  the  valves  separate  in  dehis- 
cence. 

Sil'i-qui-form.  [Siliquifor'inis.] 

Having  the  form  of  a silique. 

Sil-i-quo'sa.*  [From  sil'iqua,  a 
"silique.”]  Bearing  siiiques.  Applied 
to  an  order  of  the  Linnman  class  Tetra- 
dynamia. 

Sil-I-quose'.  [Siliquo'sus;  from  s-il'- 
iqua,  a "silique.”]  Having  siiiques,  or 
like  a silique. 

SilDt'worui,  A^'id  of.  Bombic  acid. 

SilBi'y.  [Seri^'eus.]  In  Botany, 
clothed  with  fine,  appressed,  and  glossy 
hairs,  producing  a satiny  surface. 

SalloEi,  s6'3t6n°'.  The  French  term 
for  Sulcus,  which  sec. 

Si-lu'ri-sin.  [SoSuriucDiBs;  from 
Silu'res,  an  ancient  people  of  South 
Wales.]  A name  given  t > a series  of 


SIL 


SIN 


rocks  forming  the  upper  subdivision  of 
the  sedimentary  strata  found  below  the 
old  red  sandstone,  and  formerly  desig- 
nated the  greyioacke  series.  These  strata 
are  well  developed  in  that  part  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales  formerly  occupied  by 
the  Silures. 

Sil'ver.  [Lat.  Argentum;  Gr. 
apyy.o;;  Fr.  Argent , aR'zhoNa'.]  A pre- 
cious metal  of  a beautiful  white  color, 
malleable,  ductile,  and  tenacious.  Its 
specific  gravity  is  10.5.  It  is  not  altered 
by  air  or  moisture,  but  is  tarnished  by 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  is  soluble  in 
nitric  and  in  sulphuric  acid.  When  pure, 
it  is  softer  and  is  tarnished  less  readily 
than  the  silver  of  coin  or  plate.  See 
Argentum. 

Salver,  Fulminating.  See  Argen- 
tate  of  Ammonia. 

Silver,  Nitrate  of.  See  Argenti 
Nitras. 

Sianaba  Cedron.  Sec  Cedron. 

Sim-a-rn ' ba.$  A Linnman  genus  of 
the  class  Decanclria,  natural  order  Sima- 
rnbacese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeia!  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  bark  of  the  root  of 
Simaru'ba  officinalis ; (Ed.  Ph.)  of  the 
Simaru'ba  ama'ra ; (Dub.  Ph.)  the  Sima- 
rubre  Cortex. 

Simaru'ba  A-ma'ra.*  The  plant 
(Ed.  Ph.)  which  affords  simaruba-root 
bark. 

Simaru'ba  Of-fii£-i-na'lis.*  The 

plant  (U.S.  and  Lond.  Ph.)  which  affords 
simaruba-root  bark;  also  called  Quassia 
Simaruba. 

Simarubacese,*  sim-a-ru-ba'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  natives  of  tropical  America,  In- 
dia, or  Africa.  The  species  are  intensely 
bitter.  Among  the  products  of  this  order 
are  Quassia  and  Simaru'ba , which  are 
valuable  medicines. 

Slm'i-lor.  A name  for  Pinchbeck, 
which  see. 

Si-moon',  or  Si-moom'.  A hot,  arid 
wind,  which,  after  passing  over  sandy 
deserts,  blows  in  Arabia,  Syria,  and  the 
adjacent  countries. 

Sim'ple.  [Sim'plex,  ids;  from 
si'ne  pli'ed,  “ without  a fold:"  hence,  sin- 
gle.] The  opposite  of  compound;  un- 
compounded; unadulterated;  pure. 

Simple  Affinity.  See  Affinity, 
Single  or  Simple. 

Simple  Cerate.  See  Ceratum  Sim- 
plex. 

Sim'ple  Fruit.  A fruit  which  re- 
sults from  a single  pistil  or  flower.  Sim- 
ple fruits  may  be  divided  into  fleshy 


fruits,  as  the  grape ; stone  fruits,  as  the 
peach;  and  dry  fruits,  as  the  chesnut. 

Sim'ple  Feaf.  A leaf  which  has  a 
blade  of  one  piece,  however  cleft  or 
lobed;  or,  if  divided,  the  separate  por- 
tions are  neither  raised  on  stalklets  of 
their  own,  nor  articulated  (by  a joint) 
with  the  main  petiole. 

Sim  ples.  A general  name  for  all 
herbs  which  have  any  medicinal  virtue. 

Sim'pll-ci-cau'lis.*  [From  sim'plex, 
“ simple,"  and  cau'lis , a “stem.”]  Hav- 
ing a simple  stem. 

Sim'pli-ci-fb'li-us.*  [From  sim'- 
plex, “simple,"  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  simple  leaves. 

Sim-u-la/tion.  [Simula'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  sim'ulo,  simida'tum,  to  “feign.”]  A 
counterfeiting,  or  pretending  to  be  suffer- 
ing under,  disease;  malingering. 

Simipi.  See  Sinapis. 

Si-na'pis.*  [Gr.  dvrpn,  or  dram- 
Fr.  Moutarde,  moo'taRd',  or  Seneve,  s&n'- 
v&'.]  A Linnoean  genus  of  the  class  Te- 
tradynamia,  natural  order  Cruciferse. 
Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.) 
for  the  seeds,  reduced  to  powder,  of  Sina- 
pis nigra  and  S.  alba.  According  to  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  it  is  Sinapi. 

Sinapis  Al'ba.:;:  White  Mustard. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  seed  of  the  Sinapis  alba.  Its  pro- 
perties are  similar  to  those  of  Sinapis 
nigra. 

Sina'pis  Ni'gra.**  Black  Mustard. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  seed  of  the  Sinapis  nigra.  It  is 
stimulant,  emetic,  and  applied  externally 
is  epispastic  or  rubefacient. 

Sina'pis  Sem'i-na.*  (“  Seeds  of 
Sinapis.”)  See  Sinapis. 

Sin'a-plsm.  [Sinapis'mus;  from 
sina'pis,  “ mustard.”]  A plaster  or  poul- 
tice made  of  mustard,  linseed-meal,  and 
vinegar.  Used  as  a rubefacient. 

Siii-^ip'i-ial.  [Sineipita'lis ; from 
sin'eiput .]  Pertaining  to  the  sinciput. 

Sm'<s*a-put.*  The  fore  and  upper 
part  of  the  head. 

Sane.  [Si'nus.]  A right  line  drawn 
from  one  extremity  of  an  arc  perpen- 
dicular to  the  diameter  of  the  circle  pass- 
ing through  the  other  extremity. 

Sin'  ew.  A fibrous  cord  which  con- 
nects a muscle  with  a bone;  a tendon. 
Sometimes  improperly  applied  to  a liga- 
ment which  joins  two  bones. 

Sing.  = Singulo' rum.*  , “Of  each.” 

Single  Aflinity.  See  Affinity, 
Single  Elective. 

Sin'gn-lis  IM-e'bus.*  [From  sin'' 
507 


SIN 


SIZ 


gains,  “every/'  and  di'es,  “day."  See 
Dies.]  “Every  day."  A phrase  em- 
ployed in  directions  for  taking  medicine. 

Sln-gTil'tus.'*  (Fr.  Hoquet,  ho’ka/.) 
A convulsive  motion  of  the  diaphragm 
and  neighboring  parts,  popularly  named 
hiccough  or  hiccup. 

Sin'is-tral.  [Sinistra'lis ; from 
sin  is1  ter,  the  “left."]  Belonging  to,  or 
situated  on,  the  left. 

Sin'is-trorse.  [Sinistror'sns ; 
from  the  same.]  Turned  to  the  left; 
twining  from  right  to  left,  as  the  Hop 
and  other  plants. 

Sin'u-ate,  or  Sin'n-at-ed.  [Sinoa'- 
tus;  from  si' mis , a “bay,"  a “recess,"  a 
“hollow."]  Hollowed;  strongly  wavy 
on  (he  margin,  with  alternate  convexities 
and  concavities.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Sin'u-ous.  [Sinuo'sus?  from  the 
same.]  Having  sinuses;  bending  in  and 
out;  winding. 

Si'nus.*  Originally,  a “bosom," 
“cavity,"  or  “winding;"  sometimes,  a 
“gulf,"  or  “bay."  Applied  in  Surgery 
to  the  cavity  of  an  imposthume  or  sore; 
also  to  a long,  narrow,  hollow  track 
leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased 
bone,  or  the  like.  In  Botany,  a re-enter- 
ing angle;  a recess. — (Gray.)  In  Geo- 
metry, a Sine,  which  sec. 

Sinus  Cavernus.  See  Cavernous 
Sinus. 

Sinus,  Inferior  Longitudinal.  See 

Longitudinal  Sinus,  Inferior. 

Sinus,  Longitudinal.  See  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus. 

Sinus,  Maxillary.  See  Highmoria- 
num,  Antritm. 

Si'nus  Mu-li-e'bris.*  A name  for 
the  vagina. 

Si'nus  or  Pel'vis  of  the  Ifid'ney. 

A small  cavity  or  pouch  which  receives 
the  orifices  of  the  infundibula. 

Si'nus  Poc-ti-Ia'ris.*  (“Cup-like 
Sinus.")  A large  lacuna  in  the  centre  of 
the  Caput  Gallinaginis  or  Vernmontanum. 

Si'nus  U-ro-gren-i-ta'lis.*  [See 
Urogenital.]  A sinus  existing  in  the 
embryo  of  the  mammalia.  It  is  a cavity 
or  canal  opening  externallv,  in  which  the 
excretory  ducts  of  the  Wolffian  bodies, 
the  ureters,  and  the  efferent  parts  of  the 
generative  apparatus  terminate  inter- 
nally. 

Sinuses,  Lateral.  See  Lateral 

Sinuses. 

Sinuses  of  Morgagni.  See  Mor- 
gagni, Sinuses  of. 

Si'nus-es  of  the  Du'ra  Ma'ter. 

Certain  channels  which  traverse  the  dura 

- 508 


mater  in  various  points  for  the  reception 
of  the  venous  blood. 

Si  n.  val.  = Si  non  va'leat*  “If  it 
does  not  avail,"  or  does  not  answer. 

Si  op.  sit.  = Si  o' pus  sit.*  “ If  there 
be  occasion." 

Si'pfion.  [Lat.  Si'plio,  o 'nis  ; Gr. 
a'upoiy,  a “ tube."]  A bent  tube,  with  legs 
or  limbs  of  unequal  length,  used  for  draw- 
ing liquors  from  one  vessel  into  another 
without  disturbing  the  sediment.  In 
Zoology,  a membranous  and  calcareous 
tube  which  traverses  the  septa  and  the 
interior  of  a polythalamous  shell. 

Si-pho'm-a  E>las'ti-ca.$  The  sys-: 
tematic  name  of  the  tree  which  yields 
Indian-rubber,  or  caoutchouc.  It  belongs 
to  the  natural  order  Euphorbiacese. 

Si-pho-nif 'er-ons.  [Siphonif'  er- 
us;  from  si’pho,  a “siphon,"  and  fe’ro, 
to  “bear."]  Bearing  or  having  siphons. 
Applied  to  certain  Mollusks. 

Si-phon-o-bran-clii-a'tiis.-  [From 
o-t'0  oiv,  a “siphon,"  and  fipdyxia , the 
“branchiae.”]  Provided  with  a canal, 
more  or  less  elongated,  which  borders 
upon  a cavity  containing  the  branchiae. 
Applied  to  certain  Mollusks. 

Sl-pho-nos'to-mtis.*  [From  c'upwv, 
a “siphon,"  and  ardpa,  a “mouth."] 
Having  a siphon-like  mouth.  Applied 
to  a family  of  Crustaceans. 

Si-ri'a-sis.*  [From  Sir' ins,  the  “dog- 
star."]  A term  sometimes  used  for  sun- 
stroke. 

Si-roc'co.  A soft,  relaxing  wind, 
chiefly  experienced  in  the  south  of  Italy, 
in  Malta  and  in  Sicily. 

Sirop,  s&'ro'.  (Fr.)  See  Syrupus. 

Sison  Am'mi.*  A plant  yielding  the 
Am'mi  ve’rum  of  the  shops.  The  seeds 
were  formerly  used  as  a carminative. 

Sitis.  See  Thirst. 

Si-tol'o-gy,  or  Sit-i-ol'o-gy.  [Siti- 
olo'gia;  from  ciro;,  “aliment,"  and 
Aoyof,  a “discourse."]  The  doctrine  or 
science  of  aliments;  dietetics. 

Ki'um  Nod-I-flo'riiiii.s*  Water- 
Parsnip.  A plant  of  the  Linnaean  class 
Penfandrin,  natural  order  ITm belli ferae. 
It  is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  is  occasion- 
ally used  in  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Si  vir.  perm.  = Si  ni' res  permit' taut .* 
“If  the  strength  will  permit." 

Sixth  Pair.  [Par  Sex'tuin.]  A 
pair  of  encephalic  nerves  distributed  to 
the  rectus  exteruus  oenli  muscle. 

Sixth  Souse.  Sec  Ccenassthesis. 

Size.  A name  applied  to  the  huffy 
coat  which  appears  on  the  surface  of  co- 
agulated blood  drawn  in  it  flainmation. 


SIZ 


soc 


Si'zy.  Like  glue  or  size.  Applied  to 
the  blood  when,  after  coagulation,  it  ex- 
hibits the  buflfy  coat. 

Skel'e-ton.  [Lat.  Scel'eton;  Gr. 
oke\et6v,  from  <tks XXcu,  to  “dry/’  to  “ dry 
up;”  Fr.  Squelette , skeh-lett'.]  The  bony 
framework  of  an  animal  designed  for  the 
support  of  the  soft  parts:  usually  applied 
to  the  dried  bones  prepared  for  anatomi- 
cal purposes.  When  the  bones  are  con- 
nected by  their  own  ligaments,  the  skele- 
ton is  called  natural;  when  joined  by 
, wires  or  plates  of  silver,  etc.,  it  is  termed 
artificial. 

Skin.  [From  the  old  German  Schin, 
from  the  same  root  as  schei'nen,  to  “ ap- 
pear ;”  because  the  skin  is  that  part 
which  appears  or  is  visible.]  The  organ 
of  touch,  or  one  of  the  principal  mediums 
through  which  we  communicate  with  ex- 
ternal bodies.  The  skin  is  considered  to 
be  composed  of  three  membranes:  the 
outermost  is  the  scarf-skin,  cuticle,  or  epi- 
dermis; the  middle,  the  rete  mucosum; 
and  the  innermost,  the  true  skin  ( cutis 
vera ),  or  derma. 

Skin '-Bound.  A peculiar  condition 
of  infants,  in  which  the  skin  becomes 
tense,  and  as  if  too  tight  for  the  body, 
which  is  swelled  and  hard  beneath  its 
surface. 

Skull.  See  Cranium. 

Slag1.  The  dross  of  iron  or  other 
metal. 

Slashed.  The  same  as  Laciniate, 
which  see. 

Slate.  A term  applied  to  several 
varieties  of  stratified  rocks  which  have 
the  property  of  being  split  into  thin 
laminae  or  plates,  as  clay-slate,  mica- 
slate,  and  roofing-slate.  Clay-slate  is 
one  of  the  oldest  stratified  rocks,  and  is 
non-fossiliferous. 

Slavering.  See  Drivelling. 

Sleep.  [Lat.  Som'nus;  Fr.  Sommeil, 
som'mel'.]  That  state  of  the  body  in 
which  the  functions  of  sensation  and 
volition  are  suspended,  while  the  vital 
functions  retain  their  usual  activity  ; the 
operations  of  the  mind,  if  not  at  perfect 
rest,  are  disconnected  with  external  ob- 
jects. 

Sleep  of  Plants.  A term  applied  by 
Linnaeus  to  the  condition  of  certain 
plants  the  leaves  of  which  are  drooping 
and  folded  at  night,  as  the  Locust,  Mi- 
mosa, Oralis,  etc. 

Sleep-IMstnrbance.  See  Paroniria. 

Sleep-Inducing.  See  Hypnotic. 

Sleep- Walk 'ing.  The  affection 
termed  Oneirodynia  activa. 


Sleeplessness.  See  Agrypnia. 

Sleepy.  See  Somnolent. 

Sling.  (Fr.  JHcharpe,  AshaRp'.)  A 
bandage  or  apparatus. 

Slip.  See  Talea. 

Slough,  sluf.  A sphacelated  part  of 
the  body,  eventually  separating  from  the 
rest. 

Small-Pox.  See  Variola. 

Smalt,  or  Smaltz.  An  oxide  of  co- 
balt melted  with  silicious  earth  and  pot- 
ash. When  ground  fine,  it  is  called 
powder-blue.  It  is  used  in  the  arts  and 
in  painting  earthen-ware. 

Smegma,  a -tin*  [Gr.  cyrjyya,  “ soap.”] 
The  offensive  soap-like  substance  pro- 
duced from  the  sebaceous  follicles  around 
the  < flans  penis  and  prepuce. 

SmclTing.  [Olfac'tus.]  That  sense 
by  which  we  perceive  the  odors  of  differ- 
ent bodies. 

Smell,  Morbid.  See  Parosmis. 

Smilaceav*  smi-la'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  endogenous  plants  (herbs  or 
under-shrubs),  found  in  the  temperate 
and  tropical  parts  of  Asia  and  America. 
It  includes  Smi'lax,  from  several  species 
of  which  the  drug  Sarsaparilla  is  pro- 
cured. 

Smi'lax,  a cis*  [Gr.  cyi\al,  “ bind- 
weed.”] A Linnman  genus  of  the  class 
Dioeeia,  natural  order  Smilacese. 

Smi'lax  As'pe-ra.*  The  plant  gene- 
rally supposed  to  produce  Indian  Sarsa- 
parilla. 

Smilax  Officinalis.  See  Sarsapa- 
rilla, and  Sarza. 

Smi'lax  Sar-sa-pa-ril'la.*  The 

plant  known  as  Sarsaparilla,  which  see. 

Smooth.  See  Glabrous. 

Snake-Root,  Vir-gin'i-an.  A com- 
mon name  for  the  Aristolochia  serpenta- 
ria. 

Sneez'ing.  [Sternuta'tio,  o fnis.] 
A convulsive  action  of  the  respiratory 
muscles,  caused  by  irritation  of  some 
part  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  nos- 
trils ; sternutation.  See  Reflex  Action. 

Snoring,  Snorting.  See  Stertor. 

Snow-Blindness.  See  Niphablep- 

SIA. 

Soap,  Castilian,  Soap,  Spanish. 

See  Sapo  Durus. 

Soapstone.  See  Steatite. 

Sob'o-le&.*  Originally,  a young 
branch,  an  offspring.  Any  rudiment  of 
a new  branch. 

Sob-o-lif  er-ous.  [Sobolif 'erus ; 

from  sob'oles,  a “shoot,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  shoots. 

So'cia  (so'she-a)  JPa-rot'i-dis.* 

509 


soc 


SOL 


(“Companion  of  the  Parotid.”)  The 
name  of  a second  portion  of  the  parotid 
gland  which  is  frequently  developed  from 
the  duct  while  on  the  masseter  muscle. 

So'cial.  [Socia'lis;  from  so'cius,  a 
“companion.”]  Applied  to  plants  which 
grow  gregariously,  as  grasses. 

Socotrine  Aloes.  See  Aloe  Soco- 
trina. 

So'da.*  (Fr.  Sonde , sood.)  (A  word 
of  Arabic  origin.)  The  mineral  alkali; 
the  oxide  of  sodium. 

So'da  His-pan'i-ca.*  (“Spanish 
Soda.”)  Impure  soda,  or  the  impure 
mineral  alkali  of  commerce. 

So'da,  Mu-ri'ate  of.  The  chloride 
of  sodium.  See  Sodii  Chloridum. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of.  See  Soda:  Sul- 
phas. 

So'da,  Tar'ta-rized.  A name  for 
the  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda  ( Potassse 
et  sodse  tartras). 

So'da  Wa'ter.  A beverage  formed, 
by  a solution  of  the  carbonate  of  soda 
in  water,  which  is  afterwards  impreg- 
nated with  more  carbonic  acid  than  is 
sufficient  for  saturation. 

So'dae  A-ce'tas.*  (“Acetate  of 
Soda.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  a substance  in  white  or 
colorless  crystals,  which  effloresce  in  dry 
air,  and  are  wholly  soluble  in  water. 

So'dse  Bo'ras*  (“Borate  of  Soda”), 
or  Bo  rax.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  a substance  in  colorless 
crystals,  which  slightly  effloresce  in  dry 
air,  and  are  wholly  soluble  in  water.  It 
is  a mild  refrigerant  and  diuretic.  It  is 
much  used  as  a flux  by  workers  in 
metals. 

So'dse  Car-bo 'n as.*  (“Carbonate 
of  Soda.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  a substance  in  colorless 
crystals,  which  rapidly  effloresce  on  ex- 
posure to  the  air,  and  fall  into  a white 
powder.  It  is  an  antacid,  and  much  em- 
ployed in  cases  of  acidity  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels. 

So'dse  Plios'pbas.*  (“  Phosphate 
of  Soda.”)  A substance  in  colorless, 
transparent  crystals,  which  speedily  efflo- 
resce when  exposed  to  air.  It  is  a mild, 
saline  cathartic.  Its  taste  resembles 
common  salt,  and  it  is  therefore  not 
likely  to  be  rejected  by  delicate  sto- 
machs, like  the  more  nauseous  medicines 
of  this  class. 

So'dse  Sul'phas.'*  (“Sulphate . of 
Soda.”)  (Popularly  known  asGIau'ber’s 
Salts.)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  a substance  in  colorless  crystals, 
510 


which  rapidly  effloresce  on  exposure  to 
the  air,  and  ultimately  fall  into  a white 
powder.  Sulphate  of  soda  is  one  of  the 
most  efficient  saline  cathartics,  nearly 
resembling  in  its  general  properties  the 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  or  Epsom  Salts; 
but  the  latter  is  less  disagreeable  to  the 
taste,  and  is  therefore  more  generally 
used.  See  Magnesia:  Sulphas. 

So'dae  Sial'pbis.*  (“Sulphite  of 
Soda.”)  A substance  in  white,  efflores- 
cent, prismatic  crystals,  soluble  in  four 
parts  of  cold,  and  in  less  than  one  part 
of  boiling,  water.  It  has  been  placed  on 
the  primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica 
of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1800. 

So'dic.  [So'dicus;  from  so'diumj] 
Applied  to  the  second  degree  of  oxida- 
tion of  sodium,  or  sodic  oxide. 

So'di-i  CSilo'ri-diim*  (“  Chloride  of 
Sodium”),  or  Common  Salt.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  for  a white  salt,  perma- 
nent in  the  air,  and  almost  equally  solu- 
ble in  cold  and  boiling  water.  It  is 
astringent,  tonic,  and  antiseptic. 

So'di-uni.*  The  base  of  soda;  a 
metal  discovered  by  Davy  in  1808,  re- 
sembling potassium  in  its  general  cha- 
racters. It  is  soft,  malleable,  fusible  at 
190°,  and  burns  when  heated  in  contact 
with  air.  Its  specific  gravity  is  0.97. 

Softening-*  See  Ramollissement. 

Soft'en-ing-  of  the  Brain.  [Lat. 
Molli'ties  Cer'ebri ; Ft. Ramollissement 
du  Cerveau,  rAmo'16ss'moN°'  dii  seR'vo'.] 
Sometimes  applied  to  a fatty  degeneration 
of  the  substance  of  the  brain,  sometimes 
to  a sort  of  liquefaction.  The  causes  of 
this  affection  are  often  obscure;  but  in 
many  instances  it  would  seem  to  be  pro- 
duced by  embolism  of  the  arteries  which 
supply  the  brain. 

Soft  Palate.  See  Palatum  Molle. 

Sol.*  The  Sun,  a name  given  to  gold 
by  the  alchemists. 

Solanaceae,*  so-la-na'she-e.  An  im- 
portant natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants  (herbaceous  or  shrubby),  natives 
of  all  parts  of  the  world  except  the  arc- 
tic regions.  Many  of  them  are  narcotic 
and  poisonous.  It  includes  the  Sola'num 
tubero’ sum  (Potato),  Sola'num  lycoper’si - 
cum  (Tomato),  Nicotiana  (Tobacco), 
Atropa  belladonna , and  Capsicum  (Ca- 
yenne Pepper). 

So-la-na'eeous.  [Solana'ceus,  or 
Sola'neiiH.]  Resembling  tho  Solatium. 

Sol'a-iiin.  or  Sol-a-nine.  [Sola- 

ni'na;  from  Sola'num.)  An  alkal\  ob- 
tained, when  pure,  in  the  form  of  a 
white,  opaque,  and  sometimes  pearly 


SOL 


SOL 


powder,  chiefly  from  the  Solatium  dulca- 
mara. 

So-la'mim.*  A Linnsean  genus  of 
the  class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Sola- 
nacese. 

Sola'num  It  k I-ca-ma ' r a.-  The 

woody  nightshade. 

Solan  si  in  Es-cn-len'tnan.5  (“  Es- 
culent Solanum.”)  The  Solarium  tubero- 
sum, or  potato-plant. 

Sola'num  Foet'i-dum.*  (“  Fetid 
Solanum.”)  The  Datura  stramonium , or 
thorn-apple. 

Sola'num  Le-tha'le.:;  (“  Deadly 
Solanum.”)  Another  name  for  the  At'- 
ropa  belladon'na,  or  deadly  nightshade. 
See  Belladonna. 

Sola'll  uni  Lig-no'sum.  5 (“Woody 
Nightshade."’)  Another  name  for  the 
Solarium  dulcamara.  See  Dulcamara. 

Sola'num  Ly-co-per'si-cum. ::  A 

synonym  of  the  tomato,  Lrjcopersicum 
csculentum. 

Sola'num  Tu-be-ro'sum.*  The 

systematic  name  of  the  potato-plant,  the 
root  (or  rather  tuber)  of  which  is  in  gene- 
ral use  as  an  article  of  food  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  the  civilized  world. 
It  is  a native  of  America. 

So'lar.  [Sola'ris:  from  sol,  soflis, 
the  “sun.”]  Pertaining  to,  or  derived 
from,  the  sun  ; measured  by  the  sun : as, 
a solar  day, — that  is,  the  interval  be- 
tween two  successive  arrivals  of  the  sun 
on  the  same  meridian. 

Solar  Cycle.  See  Cycle. 

So'lar  Plex  us.  [Plex'us  Sola'ris.] 
An  assemblage  of  ganglia  connected 
with  the  great  sympathetic  nerve,  with 
interlaced  and  anastomosing  filaments, 
and  surrounding  the  two  semilunar  gan- 
glia of  the  abdomen.  It  gives  off  nu- 
merous filaments,  which  accompany,  un- 
der the  name  of  plexuses,  all  the  branches 
given  off  by  the  abdominal  aorta. 

Solar  System.  See  System. 

Sol'der,  or  saw'der.  A substance, 
consisting  of  simple  or  mixed  metals,  by 
which  metallic  bodies  are  firmly  united 
with  each  other.  Bismuth  is  much  used 
in  the  composition  of  soft  solders.  Plum- 
ber’s solder  is  an  alloy  of  three  parts  of 
lead  and  one  of  tin. 

Sole  of  tlie  Foot.  See  Solea. 

So'le-a.*  [From  so'lum,  the  “bot- 
tom.”] A Latin  word  signifying  a “san- 
dal,” a “slipper.”  In  Anatomy,  the  sole 
of  the  foot.  See  Planta,  and  Thenar. 

So'le-us.*  [From  so'lea,  the  “ sole- 
fish.”]  Belonging  to  or  resembling  the 
sole  of  the  foot.  Applied  to  a muscle 


which  arises  from  the  head  of  the  fibula, 
etc.,  and  is  inserted  into  the  os  calcis.  It 
extends  the  foot.  It  has  also  been  named 
gastrocne'  mins  inter' nus. 

[Sol' id  us.]  Firm;  substan- 
stial ; not  fluid  or  hollow.  Applied  to 
bodies  the  particles  of  which  adhere 
together  so  firmly  that  they  cannot  be 
separated  without  some  degree  of  force. 
A solid  figure  is  that  which  has  three 
dimensions,  length,  breadth,  and  thick- 
ness. Regular  solids  are  those  which 
are  bounded  by  regular  and  equal  planes. 
They  are  five  in  number,  viz. : the  tetra- 
hedron, bexahedron(or  cube),  octahedron, 
dodecahedron,  and  icosihedron,  which 
are  noticed  under  their  respective  alpha- 
betical heads. 

Sol-i-da'g-o.*  Golden  Rod.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
leaves  of  the  Solida'go  odo'ra,  a plant  of 
the  natural  order  Composite.  It  is  aro- 
matic, moderately  stimulant,  and  car- 
minative. 

Solidism.  See  Solidists. 

Soil -4  lists.  A sect  in  medicine  who 
refer  all  diseases  to  a morbid  change  in 
the  solid  parts.  They  maintain  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  pro- 
perties. This  theory  is  termed  Solidism. 

Solids.  [From  sol'idus,  “solid.”] 
Applied  to  the  bones,  ligaments,  muscles, 
nerves,  and  vessels  of  animals. 

Sol-i-dun-gu-la'ta,*  or  Sol-i-dun'- 
gu-lales.  [From  sol'idus,  “solid,”  and 
un'gula,  a “ hoof.”]  The  same  as  Soli- 
dungula.  See  next  article. 

Sol-i-dun'g’u-lus.*  [F  rom  the  same.] 
Having  solid  hoofs.  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  ( Solidun'gula. ) to  a family  of 
Mammifera,  having  only  one  hoof  to  each 
foot,  or  having  the  hoof  whole,  as  the 
horse,  ass,  etc. 

Soli-ped.  [Sol'ipes,  p 'edis;  from 
so'lu8,  “alone,”  or  “single,”  and  jjes,  a 
“foot.”]  Synony mous  with  Solidungu- 
lus,  which  see. 

Sol'I-ta-ry  Glands.  [Gian 'dulse 
Solita'riae.]  Small,  flattened,  granular 
bodies  found  in  the  stomach  and  intes- 
tines. 

So'li-um.*  A species  of  tape-worm. 
See  Taenia  Solium. 

Sol-liU'nar  In'flu-ence.  The  in- 
fluence supposed  to  be  produced  on  va- 
rious diseases  when  the  sun  and  moon 
are  in  conjunction. 

Solstice.  [Solsti'tfum : from  sol, 
the  “ sun,”  and  sto,  to  “ stand,”  to  “ stop.”] 
The  time  at  which  the  sun  is  at  its 
greatest  distance  from  the  equator,  when 
511 


SOL 


son 


it  seems  to  stop  in  its  course  southward 
or  northward,  and  to  stand  still  for  a few 
days,  which  occurs  twice  a year,  the  sum- 
mer solstice  and  winter  solstice, — that  is, 
about  the  21st  of  June  and  21st  of  De- 
cember. 

Solstitial,  sol-stish'al.  [Solstitia'- 

lis.]  Belonging  to  the  solstice. 

Sol-u-bil'i-ty.  [From  sol'vo , solu'- 
tum,  to  “ loosen.”]  Susceptibility  of  solu- 
tion in  any  menstruum.  Substances  are 
soluble  in  proportion  as  their  particles 
have  a stronger  attraction  for  the  fluid 
which  constitutes  the  menstruum,  than 
for  each  other.  They  are  insoluble  when 
their  particles  have  a stronger  attraction 
for  each  other  than  for  the  menstruum. 

Sol'u-ble.  [Solu'bilis;  from  the 
same.]  Susceptible  of  solution.  In  Bo- 
tany, separating  into  parts. 

Solum.*  A Latin  word,  signifying 
the  “bottom,”  or  “ground;”  also  the 
“ sole  of  the  foot.” 

So-lu'tion.  [Solu'tio,  o'nis ; from 

sol'vo , solu'tum,  to  “loosen,”  to  “melt,” 
to  “dissolve.”]  The  act  of  dissolving  a 
solid  body;  the  diffusion  of  the  particles 
of  a solid  through  a liquid;  also,  the 
state  of  a solid  body  which  has  been  dis- 
solved. Applied  also  to  any  substance 
dissolved  in  a liquid. 

Solu  tion  of  Con-ti-mi'i-ty.  The 
breaking  down,  or  division,  of  the  skin 
and  other  textures  by  a blow,  a cutting 
instrument,  or  ulceration. 

Sol v.  = Sol've  .*  “ Dissolve.” 

Solvent.  [Sol'vens;  from  sol'vo , 
to  “loosen,”  or  “ dissolve.”]  Applied  to 
any  liquor  capable  of  dissolving  bodies. 

So-iir.i-4oI'o-&y.  [Somatolo'gda ; 
from  o-co^a,  < Ti'fxaro the  “body,”  and  \6yog, 
a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  human 
body ; anatomy. 

So-ma-tot'o-my.  [Somatoto'nnia ; 

from  awfjia,  o-  '>/*aro;,  the  “ body,”  and  rq-ij/co, 
to  “cut.”]  The  same  as  Anatoaiy,  which 
see. 

Som-nam'bu-lism.  [Somnambii- 
lis'imis;  from  som'nus , “sleep,”  and 
ani'bulo,  to  “walk.”]  Sleep-walking,  or 
walking  in  one’s  sleep  ; a species  of  dream- 
ing in  which  the  bodily  as  well  as  the 
mental  functions  are  affected. 

Soin-nif 'e-ra.:-  [The  neuter  plural 
of  somnif'erus.  See  next  article.]  Agents 
which  cause  sleep. 

Som-nif 'cr-ous.  [Soimiif erus ; 

from  som'nus,  “sleep,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bring.”]  Causing  or  inducing  sleep; 
hypnotic.  Nearly  the  same  as  Soporif- 
erous,  which  see. 

512 


Som'no-lence,  or  Som'no-IeDi-cy. 
[Scsimolen'tia;  from  som'nus,  “ sleep.”] 
Sleepiness. 

Soui'iio-lent.  [Soinnolen'tus; 

from  the  same.]  Sleepy;  drowsy. 

ftoni'no-lism.  [From  the  same.] 
The  somnolent  state  induced  by  the 
manipulations  termed  animal  magnetism. 

Sonde,  s6xd.  The  French  term  for  a 
Sound,  which  see. 

Son'i-tns.*  [From  so'no , son'itum , 
to  “sound.”]  A sounding,  as  in  the 
ears.  See  Tinnitus. 

So-nom'e-ter.  [Soiiorn'etrum; 

from  so' mis,  “sound,”  and  nzrpo j,  a “mea- 
sure.”] An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  ratios  of  the  vibrations  of  different 
sonorous  bodies. 

Soof.  See  Fuligo  Ligni. 

Soot'-S>rops.  Hysteric  Mixture. 
Tincture  of  soot,  consisting  of  wood- 
soot,  assafoetida,  and  proof-spirit;  used 
in  hysteria. 

Soot-Wart.  See  Cancer  Scroti. 

Sooty.  See  Fuliginous. 

No-plifs-ti-ca/tion.  [SopSiistica'- 
tio,  o'nis ; from  aopariKog,  “sophistical,” 
“deceitful.”]  Adulteration  of  a medi- 
cine, aliment,  etc. 

So'pi-ens.*  [From  so'pio,  to  “put  to 
sleep,”  to  “set  at  rest.”J  Assuaging; 
anodyne:  so'pient. 

So'por,  o'r is.*  Sound,  deep,  or  pro- 
found sleep. 

So-po-rif'er-ous.  [Soporif'erus; 

from  so'por,  “ sound  sleep,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bring.”]  Inducing  sound  or  deep  sleep. 
See  Somniferous. 

So-po-rif'ic.  [Soporlf 'icus;  from 

so'por , “sound  sleep,”  and  fa'cio,  to 
“make.”]  Causing  or  inducing  sleep. 

So'po-rous,  or  So-po-rose'.  [Sopo- 
ro'sus,  fcopo'rus;  from  so'por,  “sound 
sleep.”]  Causing  deep  sleep ; narcotic. 

►Sor'bate.  [Sor'bas,  a't?«.]  A com- 
bination of  sorbic  acid  with  a base.  The 
same  as  Malate. 

Sorbet,  or  Sorbetuni.  See  Sherbet. 

Sor'bic.  [Sor'bicus;  from  Sor' bus, 
the  “mountain  ash.”]  Belonging  to  tho 
Sorbns.  A name  sometimes  applied  to 
malic  acid,  which  may  be  procured  from 
its  berries. 

Sor'bus  An-cti-pa'ri-PU*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  tho  Mountain  Ash, 
which  is  said  to  contain  a large  quantity 
of  hydrocyanic  acid.  It  is  called  Pyrus 
Aucupnrin  by  some  writers. 

Sor'deA.*  Literally,  “ filth.”  Applied 
to  the  foul  matter  discharged  from  ulcers ; 
also,  to  filth  which  collects  on  the  teeth, 


SOR 


SPA 


more  particularly  in  certain  low  fevers, 
to  foul  accumulations  in  the  stomach,  etc. 

Sore-Ttiroat.  See  Cynanche. 

So'ri,*  the  plural  of  So'rus.  Heaps, 
or  patches,  as  those  of  the  spore-cases 
of  most  ferns,  called  in  English  fruit-dots. 

So-ro'sis.**  [From  acopdj,  a “ collec- 
tion/’] A fleshy  multiple  fruit,  like  a 
mulberry. 

Sorrel.  A popular  name  applied  to 
the  Oxalis  acetosella,  and  also  to  the 
Rumex  acetosa. 

Sorus.  See  Sort. 

Soiule,  sood.  The  French  name  for 
Soda,  which  see. 

Soufre,  soofR.  The  French  name  for 
Sulphur,  which  see. 

Soul.  See  Anima. 

Sound.  [Lat.  So  nus;  Fr.  Son,  s6n°.] 
The  effect  produced  on  the  organ  of  hear- 
ing by  the  vibrations  of  the  air  or  other 
medium. 

Sound.  [From  the  French  sonder, 
to  “ fathom,”  to  “try  the  depth  of  the 
sea;”  hence,  to  “try,”  or  “examine.”] 
An  instrument  for  introduction  through 
the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  to  ascertain 
whether  a calculus  be  present. 

Sourcil,  soon'se'.  The  French  name 
for  “eyebrow.”  See  Supercilium. 

Sourd,  soor.  The  French  word  for 
Deaf,  which  see. 

Sour-I>ocBt.  The  Rumex  acetosa. 

Sous-claviere,  soo  kl&'ve-eR'.  The 
French  term  for  Subclavian,  which  see. 

Soutai'ern-wood,  Tar-ta/ri-aii. 
The  Artemisia  santonica. 

Soymida  Febrifuga.  See  Swiete- 
NIA  FeBRIFUGA. 

Sp.  = Spir'itus*  “Spirit.” 

Spa,  spS,.  A town  in  Belgium,  near 
the  Prussian  frontier,  celebrated  for  its 
mineral  waters.  The  name  is  also  ap- 
plied to  other  mineral  springs. 

Spadiceous,  spa-dish'us.  [From  spa'- 
dix.']  Bearing  a spadix. 

Spa'dix,  i'  cis*  [Gr.  (rrrzSi £,  a “palm- 
branch.”]  A sort  of  fleshy  spike,  envel- 
oped by  a large  bract  or  modified  leaf, 
called  a spathe,  as  in  Indian  Turnip 
(Arum). 

Spain,  Peltitory  of.  See  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum. 

Spalter.  See  Spelter. 

Span.  The  length  spanned  between 
the  thumb  and  little  finger,  equal  to 
seven  or  eight  inches. 

Spa-nae'mi-a.*  [From  cmavog,  “poor,” 
and  alga,  “blood.”]  Poverty  of  blood; 
cachsemia. 

Spanish  Fly.  See  Cantharis. 

44 


Span'ish  Liq  uo-nce.  A name  for 
coarse  or  common  liquorice;  because 
chiefly  brought  from  Spain.  See  Gly- 

CYRRHIZA. 

Span'ish  White.  A name  for  whito 
bismuth ; nitrate  of  bismuth. 

Spar.  [From  the  German  Spath?] 
A mineralogical  term  applied  to  certain 
crystallized  substances  which  are  easily 
broken  into  cubic,  prismatic,  or  other 
fragments  with  polished  surfaces. 

Sp  ar,  Fluor.  See  Fluor  Spar. 

Spar,  Heavy.  A name  for  sulphate 
of  baryta. 

Sparse.  [Spar'sus;  from  spar’ go, 
spar' sum,  to  “strew  about,”  to  “sprin- 
kle,” to  “scatter.”]  Applied  to  flowers, 
leaves,  etc.  which  are  scattered  and  gene- 
rally scanty. 

Spar-si-flo'rous.  [Sparsillo'rus ; 

from  spar'sus , “scattered,”  and  Jios,  a 
“flower.”]  Having  scattered  or  few 
flowers. 

Spar-si-fo'li-ate.  [Sparsifolia'tus; 

from  spar'sus,  “ scattered,”  and  /o' Hum, 
a “leaf.”]  Having  scattered  leaves. 

Spartiuin,*  spar'she-um.  [From 
t rrrupTri , a “rope.”]  A Linnsean  genus  of 
the  class  Diadelphia,  natural  order  Legu- 
minosse. 

Spar'tium  Jun'ce-um.*  Spanish 
Broom.  A leguminous  plant  the  seeds 
of  which  have  been  used  in  dropsy. 

Spar'tium  Sco-pa'ri-um.*  Tho 

former  systematic  name  of  the  common 
broom-plant;  now  the  Cgt'isus  scopa'  rius. 

Spasm.  [Spasmus;  from  ondcj,  to 
“draw.”]  The  sudden,  involuntary  con- 
traction of  muscles,  or  of  muscular  fibres; 
a convulsion,  cramp. 

1.  Constrictive  Spasm  is  attended 
with  contraction,  rigidity,  or  both,  as 
wry-neck,  lock-jaw,  etc.  See  Entasia. 

2.  Clonic  Spasm.  [See  Clonic.]  A 
violent  agitation  of  one  or  more  muscles 
in  sudden  and  irregular  snatches,  as  hic- 
cough, sneezing,  epilepsy,  etc. 

3.  Synclonic  Spasm  [ Syn'clonus ] is 
the  simultaneous  and  chronic  agitation  of 
different  muscles,  as  in  St.  Vitus’  Dance. 

4.  Tonic  Spasm  consists  in  the  con- 
stant contraction  of  a muscle,  etc. 

Spasma.  See  Spasmus. 

Spasmatic.  See  Spasmodic. 

Spas'mi.*  [Plural  of  spas'mus,  a 
“spasm.”]  Spasmodic  diseases.  The 
name  of  an  order  of  the  class  Neuroses 
in  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Spas-mo  des.^  [From  cnaagog,  a 
“spasm.”]  Convulsive;  having  spasm 
or  convulsion. 


513 


SPA 


SPE 


SlKts-mail'ic.  [Spasmotl'icus  5 from 

spas'  mas,  a “ spasm/’]  Relating  to  spasm,* 
convulsive.  See  Spasmatic. 

Sp;is-mo-tlysp-n«e'a»'i:'  [From  spas’ - 
mas,  a “spasm,”  and  dyspnce’ a.]  Con- 
vulsive dyspnoea  or  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing. 

Spas-molo-gy.  [Spasmologia; 

from  ana'j/xts,  a “spasm,”  and  \oyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  That  branch  of  Pathology 
which  treats  of  spasms  or  convulsions, 
their  character  and  causes. 

Spas  mus  Ca-ni'nus,*  Spas  mus 
Cyn'I-cus.*  (“  Canine  Spasm.”)  The 
Hisus  Sardonicus.  See  Sardonic  Laugh. 

Spas'tic.  [Spas'ticus;  from  on-aco, 
to  “draw.”]  Drawing  to  or  from.  Ap- 
plied to  the  contraction  of  muscles,  etc., 
from  disease. 

Spas'ti-ca.*  [From  the  same.]  Agents 
which  increase  the  irritability  of  the 
muscles  and  induce  spasm  or  convulsion. 

Spa-tEaa'ceous.  [Spatlia'ceus.] 
Having  a spathe;  of  the  character  or 
nature  of  a spathe. 

Spatiie,  spaTH.  [Lat.  Spa'ttaa;  Gr. 
tTTradn.]  Originally,  a spatula;  a ladle. 
Applied  to  a sheath  which  completely 
encloses  the  flowers  before  their  expan- 
sion ; the  enveloping  bract  of  a spadix, 
as  in  the  Indian  Turnip. 

Spatll  i-flo'rus.*  [From  spa'tha,  a 
“spathe,”  and  jios,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing flowers  surrounded  by  a spathe. 

Spatluila.  See  Spatula. 

Spatfiulate.  See  Spatulate. 

Spat'll- la.*  [Diminutive  of  spa’tha.'] 
A broad  instrument  like  a knife  with 
blunt  edges,  for  spreading  ointments,  etc. 

Spat'u-late.  [Spatula' tus.]  Shaped 
like  a spatula. 

Spear-mint.  See  Mentha  Sativa. 

Spear-Shaped.  See  Lanceolate. 

Spec  ial  I>es-crip'tlve  Bot'a-ny. 

A scientific  account  of  all  known  plants, 
designated  by  proper  names  and  distin- 
guished by  clear  and  exact  descriptions. 

Species,*  spee'sh^z.  [From  spe'cio, 
to  “see  to,”  to  “behold.”]  Originally,  a 
“form,”  “likeness.”  In  Natural  History, 
an  assemblage  or  series  of  similar  organic 
beings.  A species  is,  abstractly,  the 
type  or  original  of  each  sort  of  plant  or 
animal,  represented  in  time  by  a peren- 
nial succession  of  like  individuals;  or. 
concretely,  it  is  the  sum  of  such  series  or 
congeries  of  individuals. — (Gray.) 

Spe-cif'ic.  [Specif 'icus ; from  spe'- 
cies,  and  fa’cio,  to  “make.”]  Literally, 
“that  makes  or  constitutes  a species,”  as 
in  the  phrase  a “ specific  difference.” 
514 


Relating  to  species;  special.  Often  ap- 
plied to  a medicine  of  supposed  infallible 
efficacy  in  the  cure  of  a particular  species 
or  form  of  disease ; or  to  a remedy  which 
has  a special  action  on  some  particular 
organ, — for  example,  like  that  of  ergot 
on  the  uterus. 

Specific  Gravity.  See  Gravity. 

Spe-cil'lum.*  [From  spe'cio , to 
“behold,”  or  “examine.”]  A probe. 

Spe^  1-men.*  [From  the  same.]  A 
Latin  word  signifying  a “proof,”  “in- 
stance,” “ model,”  etc.  Applied  to  plants, 
animals,  and  minerals  collected  for  sci- 
entific purposes;  and  to  a part  of  any 
thing  exhibited  as  a sample. 

Spec'ta-cled  Snalke.  The  Naja  vul- 
garis, or  Cobra  de  capello. 

Spec  trum.*  [From  spec' to,  to  “be- 
hold.”] A figure  seen  or  imagined;  a 
spectre.  In  Optics,  a spectrum  is  an 
elongated  image  of  the  sun,  or  other  lumi- 
nous body,  formed  on  a wall  or  screen 
in  a darkened  room,  by  a beam  of  light 
received  through  a small  aperture  and 
refracted  by  a glass  prism.  It  exhibits 
the  colors  of  the  rainbow. 

Spec'u-lar.  [Specula' ris.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  speculum. 

Spec'u-lum,*  plural  Spec'u-la. 
[From  spe'cio,  to  “behold.”]  Originally, 
a “mirror”  of  any  kind.  In  Optics,  a 
metallic  mirror  used  in  a reflecting  tele- 
scope. In  Surgery,  an  instrument  for 
widening  natural  openings  of  passages, 
or  keeping  parts  separate,  so  as  to  obtain 
a view  of  what  is  within.  Applied  also 
to  a brilliant  colored  mark,  forming  the 
anterior  borders  of  the  tectrices  of  birds. 

Spec'uluui  Metal.  An  alloy  of 
about  two  parts  of  copper  and  one  of 
tin,  used  for  making  mirrors.  Its  white- 
ness is  improved  by  the  addition  of  a 
little  arsenic. 

Speeclilessness.  See  Aphonia. 

Spel'trum.*  (“Spelter.”)  A name 
for  native  impure  zinc. 

Sperm.  See  Sperma. 

Sperm-Cell.  A cell  contained  in  the 
liquor  scminis,  in  which  spermatozoa  are 
produced. 

Sper'ma,*  gen.  Sper'ma-tis.  [Gr. 

cTceppa,  “ seed,”  or  “ semen ;”  Fr.  Se- 
ntence, seh-moNss'.]  Literally,  “seed.” 
Sperm;  the  fecundating  liquor  in  ani- 
mals. Also  applied  incorrectly  to  sper- 
maceti, a substance  found  in  the  head  of 
some  species  of  whales,  and  which  con- 
cretes or  crystallizes  spontaneously  on 
the  death  of  the  animal. 

Sper-uia-^e'ti.  [From  sper’ma , and 


SPE 


SPE 


KrjTO$,  the  “ whale.”]  The  same  as  Ceta- 
ceum,  which  see. 

Spermalogia.  See  Spermatology. 

Sper'ma-pliore.  [From  oneppa, “ seed/’ 
and  (pope w,  to  “bear/’]  A name  some- 
times applied  to  the  placenta  and  some- 
times to  the  funiculus  of  the  seed  of  a 
plant. 

Sper'ma-ta,*  the  plural  of  Sperm  a, 
which  see. 

Sper-ma-the'ca.*  [From  oneppa, 
“ seed,”  or  “semen,”  and  Orjxrt,  a “shrine.”] 
A repository  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
oviduct  in  female  insects,  for  receiving 
the  seminal  fluid  of  the  male. 

Sper-mat/ic.  [Spermat'icus:  from 
oneppa,  onepparo j,  “ seed,”  or  “ semen.”]  Re- 
lating to  the  semen,  or  seed;  seminal. 

Spermat'ic Ca-nal'  (otherwise  called 
the  In'gui-nal  Canal').  The  oblique 
passage  in  the  abdominal  parietes 
through  which  is  transmitted  the  sper- 
matic cord.  The  internal  and  external 
orifices  of  this  canal  are  termed  respect- 
ively the  internal  and  external  abdomi- 
nal (or  inguinal)  rings. 

Spermatic  Cord  [Funic 'ulus 
Spermat'icus],  also  termed  Tes-tic'u- 
lar  Cord.  The  cord  by  which  the  tes- 
ticle is  suspended.  It  consists  of  the 
vessels  and  nerves  which  pass  to  and 
from  the  testis,  enclosed  in  several  tunics 
and  the  few  muscular  fibres  (or  muscular 
fascia)  known  as  the  cremaster  muscle. 

Spcr'ma-tin.  [Sperinati'na;  from 
oneppa,  “ seed,”  or  “ semen.”]  A substance 
obtained  from  the  seminal  fluid  of  animals. 

Sper'ma-tism.  [Speruiatis'mus ; 
from  onepparifa,  to  “bear  or  produce 
seed.”]  The  emission  of  semen.  Also, 
the  doctrine  which  maintains  that  the 
germ  in  animals  is  produced  by  spermatic 
animalcules.  See  Spermatozoa. 

Sper'ma-to-^ele.*  [From  oneppa, 
“semen,”  and  Kr{kn,  a “tumor.”]  A 
swelling  of  the  testicle,  or  epididymis, 
from  an  accumulation  of  semen. 

Sper'ma-to-clem'ma,  sit  is*  [From 
oneppa,  “semen,”  and  nXenrcn,  to  “steal,” 
to  “'pass  unobserved.”]  Pollutio  diurna, 
or  involuntary  escape  of  semen  in  the 
daytime.  See  Spermatorrhiea,  and 
Spermatorrhiea  Dormientium. 

Sper'ma-to-derm.  [Spermato- 
der'Bua,  at  is;  from  oneppa,  “ seed,”  and 
ikpna,  the  “skin.”]  The  outer  covering 
of  a seed,  origina’ly  the  primine  of  the 
ovule. 

Sper'msvt^gfo'iii-a.*  [From  oneppa, 
“semen,”  and  yovp,  “ generation.”]  Se- 
yetion  0f  semen : spermatog'ony. 


Spcr-nna-tog,'ra-phy.  [Sperma- 

tog-ra'phia;  from  oneppa,  “seed,”  and 
ypdibco,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  seeds. 

Sper-ma-tol'o-gy.  [Spermatolo'- 
g*ia;  from  oneppa,  onepparog,  “semen,”  and 
\6yog,  a “discourse.”]  That  branch  of 
Physiology  which  treats  of  the  secretion 
and  nature  of  semen. 

Sperina-to-po-et'ic.  [Spormato- 
poet'icus,  or  Sperinatopoe'us;  from 
oneppa,  “semen,”  and  noieco,  to  “make,”  to 
“produce.”]  Producing  semen;  also, 
promoting  the  secretion  of  semen. 

Sper'ma-tor-rlitie'a.*  [From  oneppa, 
“semen,”  and  pan,  to  “flow.”]  An  in- 
voluntary emission  of  semen  without 
copulation.  The  same  as  gonorrhoea  in 
the  strict  sense. 

Sperinatorrlioe'a  Itoimienl  him* 

(dor-me-en'she-um),  called  also  Cion-or- 
rlice'si  I>oriiiieii'tiiini.-  (“Seminal 
Emission  of  [those]  Sleeping.”)  An  emis- 
sion of  semen  during  sleep,  most  fre- 
quently the  result  of  libidinous  dreams, 
but  sometimes  caused  by  nervous  weak- 
ness, and  occasionally  by  simple  reple- 
tion of  the  seminal  vessels.  See  Pollu- 
tion. 

Sper-ma-tos'-elie-sis.*  [From  oneppa, 
“semen,”  ando-\ccrtf,  a “checking.”]  Want 
or  suppression  of  semen. 

Sper'ma-to-ze'ml-a.*  [From  oneppa, 
“semen,”  and  Snpia,  “loss.”]  Cessation 
of  the  seminal  secretion. 

Sper-ma-to-zo'a,*  the  plural  of 
Spermatozoon,  which  see. 

Spermatozoids.  See  Spermato- 
zoon. 

Sper'ma-to-zo'on,*  plural  Sper'- 
ma-lo-zo'a;  also  termed  Sper'ma-to- 
zo'ids.  [From  oneppa,  “semen,”  and 
£woy,  an  “animal.”]  Applied  to  nume- 
rous minute  bodies  discovered  in  the 
semen,  formerly  supposed  to  be  animal- 
cula.  They  would  seem  to  be  analogous 
to  the  pollen-tubes  of  plants;  they  are 
considered  by  physiologists  to  constitute 
the  essential  or  fecundating  principle  of 
the  semen. 

Sper'mic,  or  Sper'mous.  [From 
oneppa,  “seed.”]  In  Botany,  relating  to 
the  seed. 

Sper-iiiol>'©-le/*'  [From  oneppa,  “se- 
men,” and  fidWco,  to  “cast.”]  The  same 
as  Spermatism,  which  see. 

Sper'iiRMlenn.  [Spermoder'ma, 
n' is,  or  Spermoder'mis,  id  is;  from 
oneppa,  “seed,”  and  <5 eppa,  the  “skin.”] 
The  outer  or  proper  seed-coat  of  a plant. 

Spermogonia.  See  Spermatogonia. 

Sper-mol'i-ttius.*  [From  oneppa,  a 
515 


SPE 


SPH 


“seed,” or  “semen,”  and \iQog,  a “stone.”] 
A fossil  seed;  a spermolite.  Also  ap- 
plied to  an  indurated  concretion  in  the 

vesiculse  seminales. 

Sper-mor-rlioe'a.*  The  same  as 
Spermatorrhoea,  which  see. 

Sp3ias'e-iat-ed.  [Spfiacela'tus ; 
from  sphacelus.]  Mortified.  Pertaining 
to,  or  in  the  state  of,  sphacelus. 

Splia^-e-la'taon.  [Sphacela'tio, 
o'nis;  from  sphacelus.]  Mortification. 

Splta^-e-lis'imis.*  [From  acpatceXi^ co, 
to  “be  affected  with  gangrene.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  brain;  also,  mortifica- 
tion of  some  part. 

®pJia$'<e-loid.  [Spflraceloi'des ; 

from  sphacelus,  and  eldog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  sphacelus. 

Splia$'e-lais.*  [Gr.  o-^a/ceXo;.]  The 
complete  death  of  apart;  complete  mor- 
tification. See  Sideration. 

Sphser-i-car'pnis.*  [From  apaipa,  a 
“sphere,”  and  xapnog , “fruit.”]  Having 
spherical  fruit:  sphericarpous. 

Sjdisc-ric-u-la'tus.*  [From  mpalpa, 
a “sphere.”]  Approaching  the  form  of 
a globe  or  sphere. 

Si>liaeroiilaais.  See  Spheroidal. 

Sphseraiiles.  See  Spheroid. 

Sphse-ro'ma,  a tis.*  [From  mpaTpa,  a 
“ sphere.”]  A term  for  a globular,  fleshy 
protuberance  or  tumor. 

$p3ise-ro-sper'mais.;:  [From  crcpaTpa, 
a “sphere,”  and  oirzppa,  “seed.”]  Having 
round  seeds:  spherosper'mous. 

Sphenoid.  [Sphenoi'des;  from 
ophv,  a “wedge,”  and  eUog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a wedge;  cuneiform. 

Sphe-noi'dal.  [Splienoidalis; 
from  sphenoi'des  os,  the  “sphenoid  bone.”] 
Belonging  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphe'no-pal'a-tlne  Gaii'gli-on. 
The  largest  of  the  cranial  ganglia,  situ- 
ated in  the  pterygopalatine  fossa. 

Sphe-nop'te-rus.*  [From  rnpfiv , a 
“ wedge,”  and  irrep6j,  a “ wing.”]  Having 
wings  like  a wedge:  splienopterous.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

Sphe'no  - Sal-pin'go  - Staph-y-li  - 
nus.5  A designation  of  the  circumjiexus 
pilati  muscle,  from  its  connection  with 
the  sphenoid  bone,  Eustachian  tube,  and 
uvula. 

^phe'no-Staph-^-li'nus.$  [See 
Staphylixus.]  A designation  of  the  le- 
vator p'l/ati  mollis , from  its  arising  from 
the  sphenoid  bone  and  being  inserted 
into  the  velum  paint, /. 

Sphere.  [Lat.  Sphse'ra;  Gr.  apaipa, 
a “globe.”]  A solid  body  described  by 
the  revolution  of  a semicircle  about  its 
516 


diameter;  or  it  may  be  defined  to  be  a 
body  bounded  by  a surface  of  which 
every  point  is  equally  distant  from  a 
single  point  within  the  surface,  called  the 
centre  of  the  sphere.  In  Astronomy, 
the  sphere  is  the  concave  expanse  of  the 
heavens,  which,  having  no  definite  limits, 
appears  to  the  eye  as  the  interior  surface 
of  a sphere  enclosing  the  earth,  which 
seems  placed  at  the  centre. 

Spher  i-cal.  [Sphserica'lis;  from 
the  same.]  Formed  like  a globe;  globu- 
lar; pertaining  to  a sphere. 

Sphe'roid.  [Sphaeroi'des;  from 
the  same.]  A solid  generated  by  the 
revolution  of  an  ellipse  about  one  of  its 
axes.  If  the  generating  ellipse  revolves 
about  its  major  axis,  the  spheroid  is 
prolate , or  oblong;  if  about  its  minor 
axis,  the  spheroid  is  oblate , as  the  planet 
Earth. 

Sphe-roid'al,  or  Sptoe-roid'ic. 
[Splsseroida'iis;  from  the  same.]  Re- 
sembling a spheroid.  Applied  to  crys- 
tals bounded  by  several  convex  faces. 

Sphe-rom'e-ter.  [Sphserom'e- 
tnim ; from  ocpaipa,  a “sphere,”  and  pz- 
rpov , a “measure.”]  An  instrument  for 
measuring  the  curvature  of  a surface, 
chiefly  that  of  optical  glasses. 

Sph€r'ule.  [Sphaer'ula;  diminu- 
tive of  sphse'ra , a “sphere.”]  A litt'e 
sphere ; a round,  oblong,  or  conical  con- 
ceptacle  opening  at  the  top  by  slits  or 
pores. 

Sphinc'ter, e'r is*  [From  mpiyyu,  to 
“bind  tight,”  to  “close.”]  A circular 
muscle  which  contracts  the  aperture  to 
which  it  is  attached. 

Sphinc'ter  A'ni.*  (“Sphincter  of 
the  Anus.”)  A thin  layer  of  muscular 
fibres  surrounding  the  anus  like  an  el- 
lipse is  termed  sphincter  ani  extern  us ; 
another  layer  embracing  the  lower  ex- 
tremity of  the  rectum  is  called  sphincter 
ani  interims. 

Sphinc  ter  O'ris.*  (“Sphincter  of 
the  Mouth.”)  A name  for  the  orbicula'ria 
o' r is  muscle,  situated  round  the  mouth. 

Sphyg-'mi-cal.  [Sphyg'nilcus ; 

from  a (P’>yp6g,  the  “pulse.”]  Belonging 
to  the  pulse. 

Spliygf-mo'deS.*  [From  the  same.] 
Having  a pulse:  sphygmous. 

Sphyg--rai©g,'ra-plliy.  [SpSnygrmo- 
gra'phaa;  from  oQjypdg,  the  “pulse,”  and 
yp'ipu >,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
pulse,  its  nature  and  causes. 

Sphygmoid.  [ Sphy  gmoi ' des ; 

from  (Tpvypdg,  the  “pulse,”  and  cido; , a 
“form.”]  Resembling  the  pulse. 


SPII 


SPI 


Sphyg-mol  'o-gy . [Sphygmolo'- 

gia;  from  o$oyp6g,  the  “pulse,”  and  Xtyog, 
a “ discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  science 
of  the  pulse. 

Sphyg-mom'e-ter.  [Sptoygfwiom'- 
etruin;  from  c<$>vy/t6sf  the  “ pulse, ” and 
plrpov,  a "measure.”]  An  instrument  for 
measuring  the  frequency  of  the  pulse; 
or,  according  to  Iloblyn,  an  instrument 
which  renders  the  action  of  the  arteries 
apparent  to  the  eye. 

Sptoyg-m«s'co>pe,*  or  Spliyg-mo- 
seo'pi-a.*  [From  <r$vyp6;,  the  “pulse,” 
and  GKoirk(o,  to  “examine.”]  An  explora- 
tion or  examination  of  the  pulse,  or  of 
different  pulses:  sphygmoscopy. 

SphyG’-mo-sco'pi-uni.*  [From  the 
same.]  A spliygmoscopc,  an  instrument 
similar  to  the  Sphygmometer,  which  see. 

Sphjfg’-mo-teeh'ne.*  [From  acbvy- 
itog,  the  “pulse,”  and  rsxvrj,  an  “'art.”] 
The  art  of  examining  the  pulse. 

Spi'ea.*  A Latin  word  signifying  an 
“ ear  of  wheat.”  Applied  to  a mode  of  in- 
florescence. (See  Spike.)  In  Surgery,  a 
bandage  somewhat  like  an  ear  of  wheat 
or  barley  in  shape. 

Spi'cate.  [Spica'tus;  from  spi’ea, 
a “spike/']  Relating  to,  or  disposed  in, 
a spike. 

Spi-?s-fl©'rous.  [From  spi'ea,  a 
“spike,”  and  Jlo, s-,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  disposed  in  spikes. 

Spi'^a-forin.  [Spicifor'inis ; from 
spi'ea,  a “spike.”]  Having  the  form  of 
an  ear  or  spike. 

Spi-^ig'e-rous.  [Spicig'erus ; from 
spi'ea,  a “spike,”  and  ye'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  ears  or  spikes. 

Spic'u-la,*  plural  Spic'u-lse.  [Di- 
minutive of  spi'ea , a “ spike.”]  A little 
spike;  a spikelet.  Also  applied  to  a 
nee/le-like  splinter  or  fragment,  as  of 
bone,  etc.  Sec  Acicula,  and  Spikelet. 

Spic' u-lap, * gen.  Spic-uda  ruHi,  the 
plural  of  Spicula,  which  sec. 

Spic'u-lar.  [Spicula'ris ; from 
spic'ula , a “ s^.kelet.”]  Belonging  to  a 
spikelet,  or  like  a spicula. 

Spic-w-lif  er-eus.  [Spiculif'eru§ ; 
from  spic' ula,  a “spikelet,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Having  flowers  disposed  in 
spic  ul sc. 

Spi-gelba.*  [From  Spige'lius,  a 
"botanist. ] Pinkroot.  A Linnaean  ge- 
nus of  the  class  Pentandria,  natural  order 
tren liana ccse.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeia! 
flame  (U.S.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of 
Spiff  elia  Marilandica. 

Sp%e'lia  Mar-i-lan'di-ca.®  The 
Indian  or  Carolina  pink;  also  called 
44* 


Spige’lia  lonice'ra.  It  is  extensively  used 
as  an  anthelmintic. 

Spigelian  ILofoe.  See  Lobulus  Spi 

GELII. 

Spike.  [From  spi'ea,  an  “ear  of 
corn  or  wheat.”]  A prolonged  indefinite 
inflorescence,  with  sessile  flowers,  as  in 
the  plantain  and  wheat.  A spike  is  the 
same  as  a raceme,  except  that  the  flowers 
are  sessile. 

Spikelet.  [Spic'ula.]  A little 
spike.  A secondary  spike;  the  ultimate 
flower-cluster  of  the  grasses. 

Spike'nard.  A perfume  and  stimu- 
lant medicine  procured  from  the  Nar’dus 
In'dica  (or  Nardos'tachys  Jataman' si),  an 
Indian  plant. 

Spike-Stalk.  [Rha'chis.]  The  re- 
ceptacle of  the  florets  in  spikelets  of 
grasses,  or  of  the  spikelets  themselves. 

Spi-lo'nia,  a tie,*  plural  Spi-lo' ma- 
in. [From  «nrtXo^,  a “stain,”  a “blem- 
ish.”] Another  name  for  N^evus  Ma- 
ternus,  which  see. 

Spi  na,*  plural  Spi'na?.  Originally, 
a “ thorn,”  a “prickle.”  The  spine.  Also 
applied  to  one  of  the  spinous  processes. 
See  Spine. 

Spina  Bifida.  See  Schistorrhachis. 

Spi'na  Ven-to'sa.*  A disease  in 
which  matter  is  formed  in  a bone,  ex- 
pands its  walls,  and  makes  its  way  out- 
ward, sometimes  insinuating  itself  into 
the  cellular  substance  so  as  to  render  it 
soft  and  flabby,  as  if  filled  with  air.  See 
Arthrocace. 

Spi 'use,*  the  plural  of  Spina.  See 
Spine. 

Spi'nal.  [Spinalis;  from  spi'na , 
the  “Bpine.”]  Pertaining  to  the  spine, 
or  backbone.  Also,  belonging  to  or  con- 
nected with  the  spinous  processes. 

Spi'nal  Cen  tre.  Applied  by  M.  Hall 
to  the  spinal  marrow,  regarded  as  dis- 
tinct from  the  nerves  proceeding  from  it. 

Spi'nal  Chord.  The  Spinal  Mar- 
row, which  see. 

Spinal  Column.  See  Vertebral 
Column. 

Spi'nal  Mar  row.  [Medulla  Spi- 
nalis.] The  medullary  substance  con- 
tained in  the  spinal  or  vertebral  column; 
the  spinal  chord. 

Spi'nal  Men-in-gi'tis.  A term 
applied  to  the  inflammation  of  the  me- 
ninges, or  membranes  which  enclose  the 
spinal  marrow. 

Spi'nal  Sys'tem  of  Nerves.  Ap- 
plied to  those  nerves  which  issue  from 
the  spinal  marrow  considered  independ- 
ently of  the  ganglionic  or  cerebral  sys- 
517 


terns.  Those  which  convey  impressions 
of  irritation  from  the  surface  of  the  body, 
or  from  mucous  surfaces,  to  the  true 
spinal  marrow,  called  Incident, — and 
those  that  convey  motor  phenomena  from 
it,  named  Reflex  spinal  nerves. 

Spi-na'lis  I>or'si.*  (“Spinal  [Mus- 
cle] of  the  Back.”)  A muscle  of  the 
back  which,  with  its  follow,  forms  an 
ellipse  enclosing  the  spinous  processes 
of  all  the  dorsal  vertebrae. 

Spi'nate.  [Spina'tus;  from  spi'na, 
a “thorn.”]  Having  thorns  ; or  shaped 
like  a spine  or  thorn. 

Spindle-Shaped.  See  Fusiform. 

Spine.  [Lat.  Spi'na;  Fr.  Epine, 
Ap£n'.]  A thorn,  or  rigid  prickle  pro- 
ceeding from  the  woody  part  of  a plant. 
Also  applied  to  a process  or  projection 
of  bone,  and  hence  to  the  backbone  or 
vertebral  column,  on  account  of  its  nu- 
merous spines  or  projections. 

Spi-nes'^ence.  [Spinescen'tia ; 
from  spi'na,  a “thorn.”]  The  state  or  con- 
dition of  a surface  covered  with  thorns. 

Spi-nes'sent.  [Spines'eens : from 
the  same.]  Becoming  hard  and  thorny; 
tipped  with  a spine. 

Spi-nif'er-ous.  [Spinif'erus;  from 
spi'na , a “thorn,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  spines. 

Spi-m-fo'll-ous.  [Spinifclia'tns ; 

from  spi'na,  a “thorn,”  and  f o' lium,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  spinous  leaves. 

Spi'ni-form.  [Spinifor'mis;  from 
spi’na,  a “thorn.”]  Having  the  form  of 
spines. 

Spi-nig^er-us.*  [From  spi'na , a 
“thorn,”  and  ge'ro,  to  “bear.”]  The 
same  as  Spiniferous,  which  see. 

Spin'ne-rets.  The  minute  teats,  or 
mammillse,  of  the  Arachnides.  See  Fusus, 

Spin'ne-rules.  [From  the  same.] 
Innumerable  minute  tubes  with  which 
each  spinneret  of  the  Arachnides  is 
studded,  every  one  of  which  emits  a 
thread  of  inconceivable  fineness. 

Spi-no-car'pous.  [Spinocar'pus; 
from  spi'na,  a “thorn,”  and  Kapiro^, 
“fruit.”]  Having  spinous  or  prickly 
fruit. 

Spi'nous,  or  Spl-nose'.  [Spino'- 

8 us ; from  spi'na,  a “thorn.”]  Having 
thorns  or  spines ; thorny,  or  shaped  like 
a thorn. 

Spin-the-ris'mus.*  [From  <rnvOri~ 
jnCw,  to  “emit  sparks.”]  The  sensation 
of  an  issuing  of  sparks  from  the  eyes: 
spintherism.  The  same  as  Scintilla- 
tion, which  see. 

Spin-t&ie-rom'e-ter.  [Spinthe- 

518 


rom'etrum;  from  cntvQhp,  a “spark,” 
and  pirpov,  a “measure.”]  An  instrument 
for  determining  the  size,  power,  and 
shock  of  electrical  sparks. 

Spin-the-ro'pi-a.*  [From  oirwOfip, 
a “spark,”  and  coip,  d)7r6s,  the  “eye.”]  A 
morbid  state  of  vision,  in  which  there  is 
an  appearance  of  sparks  or  scintillations 
before  the  eyes. 

Spin-u-lif 'er-ous.  [ftp  i ami  if erus ; 

from  spin'ula,  a “ little  spine,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  small 
spines. 

Spin-u-lose'.  [Spinulo'sus;  from 
spin'ula,  a “little  spine.”]  Having  small 
spines:  spinulous. 

Spiracle.  See  Spiraculum. 

Spi-rac'u-ia,*  the  plural  of  Spi- 
raculum, which  see. 

Spi-rac ' u -1  w m,*  plural  Spi-rac'u- 
la.  [From  spi'ro,  to  “breathe.”]  A 
Latin  word  signifying  a “breathing- 
hole,”  or  a “vent.”  A spiracle.  Applied 
to  the  respiratory  pores  of  the  skin.  Pro- 
posed by  Latreille  as  a term  instead  of 
stigma,  to  designate  the  exterior  orifices 
of  the  tracheae  of  insects. 

Spi-rae'a.*  Hardhack.  The  Pliar- 
macopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root 
of  the  Spirse'a  tomento'sa.  It  is  tonic  and 
astringent,  and  is  sometimes  used  in 
diarrhoea,  cholera  infantum,  etc. 

Spi  ral.  [Spira'lis;  from  spi'ra,  a 
“coil,”  or  “spire;”  a “ wreath.”]  Wind- 
ing like  the  worm  of  a screw;  winding 
round  a cylinder  and  at  the  same  time 
rising  or  advancing.  Applied  to  a curve 
which  winds  around  a point  in  successive 
convolutions.  In  Geometry  , a name  given 
to  a class  of  curves  distinguished  by  this 
general  property,  that  they  continually 
recede  from  a centre  or  pole,  while  they 
continue  to  revolve  about  it. 

Spiral  Arrangement  of  Leaves. 
See  Phyllotaxis. 

Spi'ral  Bandage.  The  common 
roller  applied  spirally  round  a limb. 

Spi'ral  Ves  sels,  or  Spi'ral  Bncts. 

Membranous  tubes  with  conical  extremi- 
ties, lined  on  the  inside  by  a fibre  twisted 
spirally  and  capable  of  unrolling  with 
elasticity.  They  constitute  a part  of  the 
vascular  tissue  of  plants  of  the  higher 
grades,  and  are  often  filled  with  air. 

Spirit.  Sec  Spiritus. 

Splr'it  of  Salt.  Muriatic,  or  hydro- 
chloric, acid. 

Spir'it  of  Wine,  Rec'ti-lied.  A 

name  for  alcohol. 

Spir'it  of  Wine,  Weak  er.  [Spir 
itusi  Ten'uior.]  A name  for  proof- 


SPI 


SPI 


spirit,  half  the  strength  of  rectified 
spirit. 

Spir-i-tu-o'sa  et  AE-tlie're-a.* 

(“  Spirituous  and  Ethereal  [Substan- 
ces].A class  of  powerful  and  diffu- 
sible stimulants,  including  ardent  spirits, 
wine,  beer,  and  the  ethers. 

Spir'it-u-ous.  [Spiritwo'sus;  from 
spir'itus,  “spirit."J  Having  spirit,  or 
full  of  spirit. 

Spir'i-tus.*  [From  spi'ro,  to 

“ breathe."]  The  air  received  and  dis- 
charged by  the  action  of  the  lungs ; the 
breath.  Also,  the  soul,  or  spirit.  (See 
Anima.)  Also,  spirit,  alcohol,  or  a liquor 
containing  a large  proportion  of  it. 

Spir'itus  iE'tfiie-ris  Com-pos'i- 
tns.*  (“  Compound  Spirit  of  Ether.") 
Hoffmann's  Anodyne.  Take  of  ether,  half 
a pint;  alcohol,  a pint;  ethereal  oil,  six 
fiuidrachms.  Mix  them.  A very  popu- 
lar remedy  both  as  an  anodyne  and  anti- 
spasmodic. 

Spir'itus  iE'tlkeris  Ni'tri-ci.* 

Nitric  ether.  See  next  article. 

Spir'itus  iE'tflaeris  Jfi-tro'si.* 

(“  Spirit  of  Nitrous  Ether.")  Spir'itus 
AE'tSueiras  Xi'tri-ci,;:  1850.  Commonly 
called  Sweet  Spir'it  of  Xi'tre.  The 

Pharmacopoeial  name  for  a volatile  in- 
flammable liquid,  of  a pale-yellow  color 
inclining  slightly  to  green,  having  a fra- 
grant ethereal  odor  free  from  pungency, 
and  a sharp,  burning  taste.  It  is  diapho- 
retic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic,  and  is 
much  used  in  febrile  affections,  especially 
such  as  are  accompanied  with  nervous 
excitement. 

Spir'itus  iE'tEneris  Sul-piku'ri-ca.* 

(“Spirit  of  Sulphuric  Ether.")  (Fr. 
Esprit  cV Ether  sulfurique , es'pne'  dAteii' 
siirfu'rek'.)  Sulphuric  ether.  The  jEther 
of  the  United  States  and  British  Pharma- 
copoeias. It  is  a powerful  diffusible 
stimulant  and  narcotic.  It  is  very  ex- 
tensively employed  as  an  anaesthetic.  See 
Ether,  Sulphuric. 

Spir'itus  Am-mmo'ni-se.*  (“Spirit  of 
Ammonia.")  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  preparation  formerly 
known  as  ammoniated  alcohol.  It  con- 
sists of  a solution  of  caustic  ammonia 
in  diluted  alcohol.  It  is  stimulant  and 
antispasmodic. 

Spir'itus  A-ni'si.*  (“Spirit  of 
Anise.")  Take  of  oil  of  anise,  a fluid- 
ounce;  stronger  alcohol,  fifteen  fluid- 
ounces.  Dissolve  the  oil  in  the  stronger 
alcohol.  v 

Spir'itus  €am'plio-rse.*  (“  Spirit  of 
Camphor.")  TTmc-tu'ra  Cam'pliorae,* 


1850.  (“Tincture  of  Camphor.")  Take 
of  camphor,  four  troy  ounces ; alcohol,  two 
pints.  Dissolve  the  camphor  in  the  alco- 
hol, and  filter  through  paper. 

Spir'itus  Chlo-ro-for'mi.*  (“  Spirit 
of  Chloroform.")  Take  of  purified  chlo- 
roform, atroyounce;  stronger  alcohol,  six 
fluidounces.  Dissolve  the  chloroform  in 
the  stronger  alcohol. 

Spir'itus  Cin-na-mo'mi.*  (“  Spirit 
of  Cinnamon.")  Take  of  oil  of  cinnamon, 
a fluidounce;  stronger  alcohol,  fifteen 
fluidounces.  Dissolve  the  oil  in  the 
stronger  alcohol. 

Spir'itus  Fru-men'ti.**  (“  Spirit 
of  Grain.")  Whiskey.  The  name  ap- 
plied to  the  spirit  obtained  from  fer- 
mented grain  by  distillation,  and  con- 
taining from  forty-eigbt  to  fifty-six  per 
cent,  of  absolute  alcohol.  It  has  been 
placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Materia 
Medica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for 
1860. 

Spir'itus  Gal'Ii-cus.*  (“French 
Spirit.")  A name  for  brandy. 

Spir'itus  Ja-niai-$en'sis.*  ’(“Ja- 
maica Spirit.")  A name  for  rum. 

Spir'itus  Ju-nip'e-ri  Com-posi- 
tus„*  (“Compound  Spirit  of  Juniper.") 
Take  of  oil  of  juniper,  a fluidraehm  and 
a half;  oil  of  caraway,  oil  of  fennel, 
each,  ten  minims;  diluted  alcohol,  eight 
pints.  Dissolve  the  oils  in  the  diluted 
alcohol. 

Spir'itus  Fa-van'du-lse.*  (“Spirit 
of  Lavender.")  Take  of  lavender,  fresh, 
twenty-four  troyounces ; alcohol,  eight 
pints;  water,  two  pints.  Mix  them,  and, 
with  a regulated  heat,  distil  eight  pints. 

Spir'itus  L.a van  dulse  Com-pos  i- 
tus.*  (“Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender.") 
Take  of  oil  of  lavender,  a fluidounce; 
oil  of  rosemary,  two  fluidrachms ; cin- 
namon, in  moderately  fine  powder,  two 
troyounces;  cloves,  in  moderately  fine 
powder,  half  a troyounce;  nutmeg,  in 
moderately  fine  poAvdcr,  a troyounce; 
red  saunders,  in  moderately  fine  powder, 
three  hundred  and  sixty  grains ; alcohol, 
six  pints;  water,  two  pints;  diluted  al- 
cohol, a sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve 
the  oils  in  the  alcohol,  and  add  the  water. 
Then  mix  the  powders,  and,  having 
moistened  the  mixture  with  a fluidounce 
of  the  alcoholic  solution  of  the  oils,  pack 
it  firmly  in  a conical  percolator,  and 
gradually  pr>ur  upon  it  the  remainder  of 
the  alcoholic  solution,  and  afterwards 
diluted  alcohol,  until  the  filteied  liquid 
measures  eight  pints. 

Spir'itus  Li-mo'nis.*  (“Spirit  of 
519 


SPI 


SPL 


Lemon.”)  Essence  of  Lemon.  Take  of 
oh  of  lemon,  two  fluidounces ; lemon- 
peel,  freshly  grated,  a troy  ounce ; strong- 
er alcohol,  two  pints.  Dissolve  the  oil 
in  the  stronger  alcohol,  add  the  lemon- 
peel,  macerate  for  twenty-four  hours, 
and  filter  through  paper. 

Spir'itus  Men'ttiae  Plp-er-i'tse.* 
(“  Spirit  of  Peppermint.”)  Tinc-tu'ra 
<3>'Se-i  Men'thae  Piperi'tse,*  1850. 
(“Tincture  of  Oil  of  Peppermint.”)  Es- 
sence of  Peppermint.  Take  of  oil  of 
peppermint,  a fluidounce ; peppermint,  in 
coarse  powder,  one  hundred  and  twenty 
grains;  stronger  alcohol,  fifteen  fluid- 
ounces.  Dissolve  the  oil  in  the  stronger 
alcohol,  add  the  peppermint,  macerate 
for  twenty-four  hours,  and  filter  through 
paper. 

Spir'itus  Men'tlsse  Vir'I=dis.* 

(“ Spirit  of  Spearmint.”)  Timc-tu'ra 
O'le-i  Menthae  Vir'idis,*  1850. 
(“  Tincture  of  Oil  of  Spearmint.”)  Es- 
sence of  Spearmint.  Take  of  oil  of  spear- 
mint, a fluidounce  ; spearmint,  in  coarse 
powder,  one  hundred  and  twenty  grains  ; 
stronger  alcohol,  fifteen  fluidounces.  Dis- 
solve the  oil  in  the  stronger  alcohol,  add 
the  spearmint,  macerate  for  twenty-four 
hours,  and  filter  through  paper. 

Spiritus  Miiulereri.  See  Minde- 
reri,  Spiritus. 

Spir'itus  Myr'ci-se*  (“  Spirit  of 
Myrcia”),  or  Bay  Ruin.  The  name 
applied  to  the  spirit  obtained  by  distil- 
ling rum  with  the  leaves  of  the  Myrcia 
acris.  It  has  been  placed  on  the  primary 
list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of  the  U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia  for  1860. 

Spir'itus  JIy-ris'ti-£se.*  (“  Spirit 
of  Nutmeg.”)  Take  of  nutmeg,  bruised, 
two  troyounces ; diluted  alcohol,  eight 
pints;  water,  a pint.  Mix  them,  and, 
with  a regulated  heat,  distil  eight  pints. 

Spir'itus  Rec-tl-fi-ca'tus.*  (“  Rec- 
tified Spirit.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  dilute  alcohol  of  the 
specific  gravity  0.838,  containing  sixteen 
per  cent,  of  water. 

Spir'itus  Sac'clia-ri.*  (“ Spirit  of 
Sugar.”)  A name  for  Rijm,  which  see. 

Spir'itus  Ten'u-I-or.*  (“Thinner 
or  Weaker  Spirit.”)  Proof-spirit.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  di- 
luted alcohol  of  the  specific  gravity 
0.920,  which  contains  forty-nine  per  cent, 
of  pure  alcohol. 

Spir'itus  Vi'ni  Gal'll-ci.;:'  (“  Spirit 
of  French  Wine.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  brandy,  or  the  spirit 
obtained  from  fermented  grapes  by  dis-  i 
520 


filiation,  and  containing  from  forty-eight 
to  fifty-six  per  cent,  of  absolute  alcohol. 

Spi-ro-i'des.*  [From  spi'ra,  a “coil,” 
or  “spire.”]  Resembling  a spire  or 
screw:  spi'roid. 

Spi-rom'e-ter.  [Spirom'etrum ; 

from  spi’ro,  to  “breathe,”  and  yirpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  ascer- 
taining the  quantity  of  air  inhaled  or 
exhaled  by  the  lungs. 

Spa-rom'e-try*  [Spiroasie'tria ; 
from  spi'ro,  to  “ breathe,”  and  pzrpcco,  to 
“measure.”]  The  system  or  means  of 
ascertaining  the  quantity  of  air  employed 
in  respiration,  etc. 

Spissatus.  See  Inspissated. 

Spis'si-tude.  [Spissitu'd©,  inis; 
from  spis'sus,  “ thick.”]  Thickness,  or 
density. 

Spitting  of  Blood.  See  Haemop- 
tysis. 

Spittle.  See  Saliva,  and  Sputum. 

Splancli'nic.  [Splancli'iiicus ; 

from  o-n\ayxi'Ov,  a “viscus.”]  Pertaining 
to  the  viscera. 

Splancli'nic  Cav'I-ties.  A term 
applied  to  the  cavities  of  the  cranium, 
chest,  and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Jferve.  See  Tri- 
Splanchnic  Nerve. 

Splancli'nic  Nerves.  [Ner'vi 
Splanch'nici.]  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber on  each  side,  distinguished  into  the 
great,  which  passes  behind  the  stomach 
and  terminates  in  the  semilunar  gan- 
glion, and  the  small,  which  communi- 
cates with  the  former  and  terminates  in 
the  renal  ganglion. 

Splancli'iil-ca.*  [From  (m\ayxvov,  a 
“viscus,”  or  “bowel.”]  Applied  by  Dr. 
Good  as  the  name  of  an  order  comprising 
diseases  of  the  viscera  directly  concerned 
in  the  function  of  digestion. 

Splaiiclt-nog'ra-pliy.  [Splancli- 
liogra'pliia ; from  anXayxrou,  a “ viscus,” 
and  ypti([j(x),  to  “write.”]  A description 
of  the  viscera;  that  part  of  Anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  viscera. 

Splaiicli-nol'i-tlius.*  [From  07rX(zyx - 
vov,  a “viscus,”  and  \Wog.  a “ stone.”]  In- 
testinal calculus:  a splanch'nolith. 

Splancli-nol '« -gy . [Splanclino- 
lo'gia;  from  Git\iiy\vov,  a “viscus,”  and 
Aoyoj,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
viscera;  the  science  which  treats  of  the 
structure  and  functions  of  the  viscera. 

Splancli  - no  - sco ' pi  - a.*  [From 
( mXiiyx^ov , a “viscus,”  and  (TKo-t(o,  to  “ex- 
amine.”] An  exploration  of  the  viscera: 
splanchnos'copy. 

Splancli-no-sym'pa-thy.  [Splanch- 


SPL 


SPL 


nosyompatfai'a;  from  mrXayXvov,  a“vis- 
cus/’amUf^JfM,  “fellow-feeling.”]  The 
sympathy  of  the  viscera  among  them- 
selves, or  of  a viscus  with  other  parts. 

Splanch-not'o-my.  [SplaiMihno- 
to'Biiia;  from  oirXayxyoj,  a “viscus,”  and 
riui'0),  to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  vis- 
cera. 

Spleen.  [Lat.  Splen,  e'nts,  Li  en, 

e'si is/  dr.  ct\)]v)  Fr.  Rate,  r&t.]  A 
purple,  or  livid-colored,  viscus  in  the 
left  hypochondriac  region.  Its  function 
has  not  yet  been  ascertained.  It  would 
seem  to  have  a close  connection  with  the 
system  of  lymphatics,  and  to  be  inti- 
mately concerned  in  the  development  of 
blood.  Also,  a popular  term  for  hypo- 
chondri'asi s,  a form  of  melancholy,  sup- 
posed to  have  its  seat  in  the  spleen. 

Spleen  wort.  See  A selenium. 

Sple-nal'g-i-a.*  [From  crr'Sri v,  the 
“spleen,”  and  liXyog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  region  of  the  spleen. 

Sple-naux'e.*  [From  <nr Xuv,  the 
“spleen,”  and  aitf,  “increase.”]  En- 
largement of  the  spleen. 

Splen-ec-to'pi-sju*  [From  trrXvv,  the 
“spleen,”  Ik,  “out,”  and  rthog,  a “ place.”] 
Dislocation  or  displacement  of  the  spleen. 

$plen-el-co'sis.*  [From  <ravW,  the 
“spleen,”  and  IXiccjotg,  “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration  of  the  spleen. 

Sple-nel'cns.*  [From  crrXfiv,  the 
“spleen,”  and  lXkos,  an  “ulcer.”]  An 
ulcer  of  the  spleen. 

Splen-em-ph rax  'is.-'  [From  av\> ?r, 
the  “spleen,”  and  ryjpa^ig,  “obstruc- 
tion.”] Obstruction  or  congestion  of 
the  spleen. 

Splen'e-tic.  [Splenol'icns.]  Re- 
lating to,  or  affected  with,  the  spleen,* 
fretful;  splenic.  See  Splenic. 

Sple'iii-al.  [Splenia'lis;  from 
tple'nium,  a term  denoting  a “compress,” 
sometimes  applied  to  a splint.]  Applied 
by  Owen  to  the  opercnlaire  of  Cuvier,  a 
subdivision  of  the  mandible  in  cold- 
blooded vertebrated  animals.  See  Tym- 
PANOMANnTBULAP.  ArUH. 

Splen  ic.  [Spleii'ini*;  from  <nrX?>, 
the  “spleen.”]  Pertaining  to  the  spleen. 

Splen  i-ca.*  [From  the  same.]  Medi- 
cines which  affect  the  spleen. 

Splen-i-f  i-<»a'tion.  [Nplenifica'- 
tio,  o 'uis;  from  orXrji,  the  “spleen,” 
and  fa' do , to  “make.”]  The  conver- 
sion of  the  lung  or  liver,  etc.,  into  a sub- 
stance like  that  of  the  spleen. 

Splenl-ous.  [Sple  nitis;  from  the 
same.]  Pertaining  to,  or  resembling, 
the  spleen. 


[ Sple-ni'tis,  i dis.%  [From  anXfiv,  the 

“spleen.”]  Inflammation  of  the  spleen. 
A genus  of  the  order  Phleymasise,  clas3 
Pyre. iiee,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Nple'nl-um.*  [Said  to  have  been 
originally  applied  to  a plaster  of  a cer- 
tain description  used  by  those  sick  of  the 
spleen.]  A compress ; a splint.  Also, 
A splenium,  or  Spleen  wort. 

Splc'nl-ns.*  [See  preceding  article.] 
A muscle  of  the  back,  resembling  the 
spleen:  it  is  single  at  its  origin,  and 
divides  into  the  spleniun  capitis  and  the 
Hjdenius  colli,  which  have  distinct  inser- 
tions. According  to  some,  the  splenii 
muscles  are  so  named  from  their  lying 
like  surgical  splints  (see  Selenium)  along 
the  side  of  the  neck. 

Splen-i-za'tion.  [Kpleuiza'tio, 
o'i ti* ; from  the  same.]  Applied  to  the 
state  of  the  lungs  in  one  of  the  stages  of 
pneumonia  in  which  their  texture  re- 
sembles that  of  the  spleen.  Compare 
Hepatization. 

Sple-no'cle&.*  [From  o-rcXriv,  the 
“spleen.”]  Having  the  spleen;  of  the 
nature  of  the  spleen. 

Splen-o-clyn  i-a.*  [From  (nrXrjr,  the 
“spleen,”  and  diiirr],  “pain.”]  Pain  in 
the  spleen. 

Sple>nog;'ra>phy.  [Splpnogra'» 
pliia;  from  or Xijv,  the  “spleen,”  and 
yidocj,  to  “ write.”]  A description  of  the 
spleen. 

Splen-o-line'iiii-a.*  [From  enXrjv, 
the  “ spleen,”  and  aiya,  “ blood.”]  San- 
guineous congestion,  or  hypersemia,  of 
the  spleen. 

Splc'noid.  [Splenoi  cles;  from 
<rrXrii',  the  “spleen,”  and  eidog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  spleen. 

Sple-nolo-gy.  [Splenolo'gia; 
from  otXyiv,  the  “spleen,”  and  Xoyog,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  of  the  spleen  ; 
that  branch  of  Anatomy  (or  Physiology) 
which  treats  of  the  spleen. 

Sple-no'ma,  a/?s,*  or  Sple-non'- 
cns.*  [From  c-nXriv,  the  “spleen,”  and 
oyxog,  a “tumor.”]  Tumor  of  the  spleen. 

Splenomalacia,*  splen-o-ma-la'- 
she-a.  [From  cmXiir,  the  “spleen,”  and 
naXaKla , “softness.”]  Softening  of  the 
spleen. 

SpSe-not'e-my.  [Splenoto'mia; 

from  GTrXfjv,  the  “spleen,”  and  reyvoi,  to 
“cut.”]  Dissection  of  the  spleen. 

fSple-ny-per-tro'phi-a.*  [From 
the  “spleen,”  and  hypertro'phia.\ 
Hypertrophy,  or  morbid  enlargement, 
of  the  spleen:  similar  to  splenoncus. 

Splint.  [Lat.  Mastel'la;  Fr.  Eclisse) 

521 


SPL 


&'kl£ss'.]  A thin  piece  of  wood,  tin,  or 
pasteboard,  used  to  retain  fractured 
bones  in  apposition  during  the  process 
of  reunion. 

Splint'-Bone.  A name  sometimes 
applied  to  the  fibula,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a surgical  splint. 

Split  Cloth.  [Scis'sum  Idn'- 
teuin.]  A bandage  for  the  head,  con- 
sisting of  a central  part  and  six  or  eight 
tails  or  heads. 

Spoil  ii-mene.  [From  <nro^6a),  to  “ re- 
duce to  ashes.”]  A crystalline  mineral 
found  in  laminated  masses,  consisting 
chiefly  of  alumina  and  silica  and  lithia. 
Before  the  blowpipe  it  exfoliates  into  little 
scales  of  an  ash-color:  hence  its  name. 

Spon-dy-largi-a.*  [From  (mnv6  >Ao;, 
a “vertebra,”  and  aAyo;,  “pain.”]  Pain 
in  a vertebra. 

Spon-dy-Iar-tbrl'tis,  idis*  [From 
GTrovdvXos,  a “vertebra,”  and  arthri'tis.] 
Inflammation  of  an  articulation  of  the 
vertebrae. 

Spon-dy-lar-tSiroc'a-^e.*  [From 

oTdi/dv\o;,  a “vertebra,”  and  arthroc'ace, 
a form  of  caries.]  Caries  of  a vertebra. 

Spoil -dy-lex-ar-thro  sis.*  [From 
<nr6i/d»\og,  a “ vertebra,”  and  exarthro'sis, 
“luxation.”]  Dislocation  of  a vertebra. 

Spou-dy-li'tis,  i dis*  [From  (nnwhj- 
Aoj,  a “vertebra.”]  Inflammation  of  one 
or  more  of  the  vertebrae. 

Spon-dy-lo-dyn'i-a.*  [From  <nr ov- 
<b>Ao?,  a “vertebra,”  and  dfe/,  “pain.”] 
Pain  in  the  body  of  a vertebra. 

Spon-dy-lo-py-o'sis.*  [From  oir6v- 
<5'jXo;,  a “vertebra,”  and  pyo'sis.]  A for- 
mation of  pus  in  a vertebra. 

Spoil 'dy-lus.*  A vertebra;  also, 
the  vertex  or  top  of  the  head. 

Sponge,  spunj.  [See  Spongia.]  An 
organic,  porous,  marine  substance,  for- 
merly supposed  to  be  produced  by 
minute  animals  termed  Polypi.  Some 
naturalists,  however,  consider  sponge  as 
a plant.  According  to  the  proposed 
classification  of  Messrs.  Wilson  and 
Cassin,  the  sponge  is  referred  to  a new 
kingdom,  termed  Prtmalia,  which  see. 

Spoiigo'-Tent.  The  Spongia  Pr,e- 
parata,  which  see. 

Spoil 'gi-a,*  plural  Spoil 'gl-se.  [Gr. 
<T7 v>yyo;,  or  arroy-yta;  Fr.  Epour/e , 4'p6xzh'.] 
Sponge.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.,  1850)  for  Spongia  officinnli*.  Applied 
in  the  plural  to  an  order  or  division  of 
organized  bodies.  See  Sponge. 

Spon'gia  Of-fi^-i-na'lis.*  The 
common  sponge. 

Spon'gia  Fraep-a-ra'ta*  (“Pre- 
522 


SPO 

pared  Sponge”),  or  Spon'gia  Ce-ra'ta* 
(“Waxed  Sponge”).  Sponge  dipped 
into  melted  wax  and  pressed  between 
iron  plates,  then,  when  cold,  cut  in 
pieces  of  any  shape  for  dilating  small 
openings,  the  wax  melting  by  the  heat 
of  the  part,  and  thus  allowing  the  sponge 
to  expand;  sponge-tent. 

Spon'gi-se,*  the  plural  of  Spongia. 

Spongiform,  spun'j e-form.  [Spon- 
gifor'mis;  from  spon'gia,  a “sponge.”] 
Having  the  appearance  of  sponge. 

Spon-gi-o'des.*  The  same  as  Spon- 
giose. 

Spon'gl-ole.  [Spoil gi'ol urn;  dimi- 
nutive of  sj)on'gia,  a “ sponge.”]  Applied 
to  a supposed  expansion  of  the  cellular 
tissue  at  the  extremity  of  each  radicle, 
terminating  the  root.  But  according 
to  Gray,  “the  so-called  spongioles  or 
spongelets  have  no  existence.” 

Spon'gi-ose.  [Spongio'sus;  from 
spon'gia,  a “ sponge.”]  Having  pores 
like  sponge;  spongy. 

. Spongoid,  spdng'goid.  [Spongoi'- 
des;  from  onoyyos,  a “sponge,”  and  eidog, 
a “form.”]  Resembling  sponge. 

Spongy,  spun'je.  Resembling  a 
sponge;  of  the  nature  of  sponge. 

Spon-ta'ne-ous.  [Sponta'neus ; 
from  spon'te,  “of  one’s  own  will.”]  Act- 
ing or  growing  of  itself;  voluntary. 
Applied  to  any  physiological  phenome- 
non which  takes  place  without  external 
agency. 

Spontaneous  Corn-bus' tion 

[Combus'tio  Sponta'nea],  or  Pre- 
ter-nat'u-ral  Combustion.  A phe- 
nomenon which  is  said  to  have  some- 
times occurred  in  hard  drinkers,  espe- 
cially those  that  were  fat.  In  such  Dr. 
Traill  is  stated  to  have  found  a consider- 
able quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the 
blood.  Some  are  of  opinion  that  the 
combustion  may  be  absolutely  sponta- 
neous, while  others  maintain  that  it  is 
necessary  that  the  body  should  be 
brought  into  contact  with  an  ignited 
substance. 

Spo-rad'ic.  [Sporad'icus;  from 

oTtipa),  to  “sow.”]  Applied  to  diseases 
that  are  not  epidemic,  but  attack  ono 
or  at  most  but  a few  persons  at  a time, 
from  causes  peculiar  to  each  case.  In 
Botany,  widely  dispersed. 

Spor-an-gid'I-uin.*  [Diminutive 
of  sporangi' um,  a “spore-case.”]  A lit- 
tle seed-vessel;  also,  the  c olumnella  of 
mosses. 

Spor-an-gi'o-lum.*  [Dimin  &tiv*i 

of  sporangi' urn.]  A small  capsule  -urn- 


SPO 


ST 


taming  a certain  number  of  spores  in  a 
sporangium. 

Spor-aii-gi  um.i:  [From  a-ropd,  a 

“seed/’  and  dyyclov , a “ vessel. ”]  A 
spore-case,  or  membranous  capsule  con- 
taining the  spores  of  cryptogamous 
plants. 

Spore.  [Lat.  Spo'ra;  Gr.  <rmpd,  a 
“seed.”]  A body  in  cryptogamous 
plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  the  pheenogamous.  A spore,  in  most 
cases,  consists  of  a single  cell. 

Spor-a-cBiff'er-us.*  [From  sporid'- 
ium,  and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Bearing 
s poridia. 

Spo-rid'i-nm.^  [From  spo'ra,  a 
“ spore.”]  A body  resembling  a spore, 
occurring  in  algaceous  plants. 

Spdr'o-carp.  [From  axopd , a “ seed,” 
or  “spore,”  and  tcap :r<5j,  “fruit.”]  A kind 
of  sporangium,  or  sporc-casc. 

Spor'o-gens.  [From  crrropd,  a “ spore,” 
and  yewdw,  to  “produce/*]  A division  of 
endogenous  plants  which  produce  spores 
instead  of  seeds. 

Spo-n*opEa'o-rous.  [SporopEVor ms  ; 

from  cnopa,  a “seed,”  and  <pepco,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  containing  seed  or  spores. 

Spo-ropla'o-rwm.*  [From  the  same.] 
A name  for  the  placenta  of  a plant. 

§35©'rit5e.  [Spor'iiSa;  diminutive 
of  spo'ra,  a “spore.”]  A small  spore. 

Spoi’-u-Mf'er-ous.  [Sporuiif'er- 
ns;  from  spor'ula,  a “sporule,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  sporules. 

Sprain.  [Lat.  Snblnxa'tio,  o 'nis; 
Fr.  Foulure,  fooTUn'.]  (Originally, 
Strain,  from  the  Latin  strin'go  [Fr. 
iireindre ],  to  “bind,”  to  “draw  tight.”) 
The  sudden  shifting  of  a joint  farther 
than  the  natural  conformation  of  bones 
and  ligaments  allows,  yet  not  so  as  to 
produce  dislocation. 

Spreading*.  See  Diffusus,  and 
Patulous. 

Spruce  Fir.  The  Finns  abies . 

Spt.  = Spir'itus .*  “ Spirit.” 

Spu-mes'$ent.  [From  sqmmes'co,  to 
“begin  to  foam”  (from  spn'ma,  “froth,” 
or  “foam”).]  Frothy,  foaming,  or  froth- 
like. 

Spu'mose.  The  same  as  Spumes- 

CENT. 

Spur.  A term  applied  in  Botany  to 
any  tubular  projection  of  a flower,  etc. 

Spurge  ©1'ive.  A common  name 
for  the  Daphne  Mezereum,  which  see. 

Spurred.  [Calcara'tus.]  Bearing 
3.  spur.  Applied  to  petals. 

Spu'ta,*  gen.  Spu-to'ruun,  the  plu- 
ral of  Sputum,  which  see. 


Spu'tum.*  [From  spn'o,  spu'tum,  to 
“spit.”]  (Fr.  Cruchat,  kita'shd/.)  Saliva; 
also,  the  matter  which  is  expectorated  or 
coughed  up  from  the  chest. 

Squa'lor,  o'r«s.*  Uncleanness,  filthi- 
ness, or  an  appearance  of  dejection  and 
disorder,  as  from  sickness  or  confine- 
ment. 

Sqna'ma,s  plural  Sqtia'mse.  Lite- 
rally, a “scale.”  Applied  in  the  plural 
to  an  order  of  skin-diseases. 

Squa'mate.  [Squama'tiis:  from 
squa'ma,  a “scale.”]  Having  scales; 
scaly;  or  resembling  scales. 

Squa-aaaif 'er-ous.  [Squamif 'cr- 
us; from  squa'ma,  a “scale,”  and  fe'ro , 
to  “bear.”]*  Bearing,  or  covered  with, 
scales. 

Squa-anl-fo'ln-us.*  [From  squa'ma , 
a “scale,”  and  f o' Hum , a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing leaves  in  form  of  imbricated  scales: 
squamifo'lious. 

Squa/ml-form.  [Squamifor'inis; 

frem  squa'ma , a “scale.”]  Having  the 
.form  or  appearance  of  scales.  See  Lep- 
idoid. 

8qwa*mig'er-ns.'::-  [From  squa'ma , 
a “scale,”  and  gc'ro,  to  “bear.”]  The 
same  as  Squamiferous,  which  see. 

Squa-nao'saB.  [Squamo'sus ; from 
squamo'sapsirs,  the  “ squamous  portion.”] 
Applied  by  Owen  to  the  homologues  of 
the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone. 

Squa-mese',  or  Squa'inous. 

[Squamo'sKS ; from  squa'ma , a “scale.”] 
Relating  to,  or  resembling,  a scale;  hav- 
ing scales;  scaly. 

Squa'mous  Su'ture.  [Sutu'ra 
Squamo  sa.]  The  suture  which  unites 
the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  to  the  parietal. 

Squam'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of 
squa'ma,  a “scale.”]  A small  scale;  a 
squamule. 

Squam'u-lose.  [Squamulo'sus ; 

from  squam'ula,  a “small  scale.”]  Cov- 
ered with  small  scales:  squa'mulous. 

Squar-rose'.  [From  sqnar'ra , a 
“ small  scale”  ?]  A term  applied  to  scales 
or  leaves  which  spread  widely  from  the 
axis  on  which  they  are  crowded. 

Squar'ru-lose.  Diminutive  of 
Squarrose. 

Squall.  [Squil'la.]  The  Scilla 
maritima,  or  sea-onion.  See  Scilla. 

Squinting*.  See  Strabismus. 

Ss.  = Se’mis*  “A  half.” 

St.  = Stet*  or  Stent.*  “Let  it  (or 
them)  stand,”  i.e.  let  it  remain  un- 
changed. 


523 


STA 


STA 


Stac'te.*  [From  cra£o),  to  "distil.”] 
A name  for  the  myrrh,  because  it  distils 
or  drops  from  the  tree. 

Sta'dI-um.*  A Latin  word  signify- 
ing a “ race-course,”  or  a measure  of 
length.  In  Medicine,  a stage  or  period 
of  a disease;  as,  stadium  calo'ris  (“stage 
of  heat,”  or  hot  stage),  stadium  frig* oris 
(cold  stage).  See  Stage. 

Staff.  A carved  and  grooved  steel 
instrument  introduced  through  the  ure- 
thra into  the  bladder,  for  lithotomy. 

Sta£e.  [Lat.  Sta'dium;  Fr.  Etacje , 
At&zh'.]  The  period  of  a disease.  Ap- 
plied especially  to  the  periods  of  an  in- 
termittent; viz.  the  hot,  cold,  or  sweat- 
ing stage. 

Stagf'ma.*  [From  ard^co,  to  “ distil.”] 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 

Stag-nation.  [Stagna'tio,  o'nis  ; 
from  stay’ no,  stayna' turn,  to  “stand,”  as 
water  in  a pond.]  A stoppage  or  re- 
tardation of  the  circulating  fluids  in  any 
portion  of  the  body. 

Sta-lac'tic.  [Stalac'ticus ; from 
ara\d(,(x),  to  “flow  by  drops.”]  Flowing 
or  oozing  by  drops;  also,  relating  to  a 
stalactite. 

Sta-lac’tlte.  [Stalacti'tes ; from 
the  same.]  A conical  concretion  of  car- 
bonate of  lime  attached  to  the  roof  of 
calcareous  caverns,  and  formed  by  the 
gradual  dropping  of  water  holding  the 
lime  in  solution. 

Stal-ac-tit'ic,  or  Stal-ac-tit  i-cal. 
[Stalactit'icus.]  Relating  to  stalac- 
tites, or  of  the  nature  of  stalactites. 

Sta-lag'mite.  [Stalagmites:  from 
stalay'mus , a “distillation.”]  A stalac- 
titic  formation  of  carbonate  of  lime 
found  on  the  floors  of  calcareous  caverns. 

Sta-lag'mus.*  [From  oraXafa,  to 
“drop,”  to  “distil.”]  A distillation. 
Formerly  applied  to  a dropping  of  blood, 
as  from  the  nose,  etc. 

Stalk.  [Cau'lis.]  The  stem  of  a 
herbaceous  plant,  or  of  a flower,  a leaf 
or  leaflet. 

Stalked.  Furnished  with  a stalk  or 
stem. 

Stalk'let.  A diminutive  or  second- 
ary stalk. 

Sta'men,  inis,*  plural  Stam'i-na. 

[Gr.  arifyicov.]  Literally,  “warp,”  or  the 
stronger  threads  in  weaving.  Also,  any 
thread:  hence  applied  to  the  male  organ 
of  a flower,  from  its  resemblance  to  a 
thread.  It  consists  of  the  filament  and 
anther.  It  is  one  of  the  essential  organs 
of  a flower. 

Stam'I-na.*  [Plural  of  sta'men .] 
524 


Literally,  the  “warp,”  or  “strength,”  of 
the  vital  tissue : hence,  vigor  of  con- 
stitution. Also,  the  first  principles  of 
any  substance. 

Stam'I-nal.  [Staminalis.]  Per- 
taining to  the  stamen. 

Stam'i-nate.  [From  sta'men.']  Fur- 
nished with,  or  relating  to,  stamens; 
also,  containing  stamens  without  any 
pistil.  Applied  to  flowers. 

Sta-min'e-al.  [Stamin'eus;  from 
sta'men.]  Having  stamens : stamineous. 

St  a in  -l-ii  if ' er-ous.  [Stain  i n if ' er- 
us;  from  sta'men,  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  having  stamens. 

Stam-i-no'di-a,*  the  plural  of  Stam- 
inodium,  which  see. 

Stam-i-no'di-uin,*  plural  Stami- 
nodia;  from  sta'men,  and  cldos,  a 
“form.”]  An  altered  and  sterile  stamen. 

Stam'mer-ing.  [Balbuties, 

Bkesitas,  a 'tis,  or  Psellis'mus.] 
Interrupted  articulation,  caused  either 
by  emotion  or  reflex  action. 

Standard.  A banner,  or  ensign; 
applied  to  the  vexillum,  or  upper  petal, 
of  a papilionaceous  flower.  Also,  a crite- 
rion, test,  or  measure,  to  which  some- 
thing is  referred : thus,  the  standard  of 
comparison  for  gases  is  atmospheric  air; 
that  for  solids  and  liquids  is  water. 

Staii 'nate.  [Stan  11  as,  a'//s.]  A 
combination  of  stannic  acid  with  a base. 

Stan'ni  Pul'iris.*  (“Powder  of 
Tin.”)  Granulated  tin : used  as  a remedy 
for  the  tapeworm. 

Stan'nic.  [Staii'nicus;  from  stan'- 
num , “tin.”]  Belonging  to  tin.  Ap- 
plied to  the  peroxide  of  tin,  as  if  it  were 
an  acid,  because  soluble  in  alkalies. 

Stan-nif 'er-ous.  [Stan  n if 'eras ; 
from  atan'nnm , “tin,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  or  containing  stan- 
num, or  tin. 

Stan'num.*  Tin.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeia! name  for  powder  or  filings  of  tin. 
See  Tin. 

Stan  num  Fo-li-a'tum.*  (“ Foliated 
Tin.”)  Tin-foil.  An  alloy  composed 
chiefly  of  tin,  with  a small  portion  of 
lead. 

Sta-pe 'di-us.*  Belonging  to  the 
stapes.  Applied  to  a muscle  arising  from 
the  interior  of  the  pyramid  and  inserted 
into  the  neck  of  the  stapes. 

Sta'pes,er//#.*  Literally,  a “stirrup.” 
One  of  the  ossicida  of  the  internal  ear. 

Stapli-I-sa'gri-a.*  [From  oralis,  a 
“vine,”  and  uypiog,  “wild.”]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.)  for 
the  seeds  of  Delphin'ium  staphisa' gria , 


STA 


STE 


Staph 'y-le.*  [Gr.  aracpv'Xfi,  a “ grape.”] 
The  uvula. 

Staphyleacese,*  sta-fi-le-a'she-e. 
[From  Staphy'lea , one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  found  in  Europe,  Japan,  and 
America. 

Stapli-y-li'nus.*  [From  staph' yle, 
a “ grape also,  the  “ uvula.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  uvula:  applied  to  mus- 
cles: staph  'yline. 

Stapli-y-li'tis,  id/s*  [From  staph’- 
yle,  a “ grape;”  or  the  “ uvula.”]  In- 
flammation of  the  uvula. 

Stapli-y-loe-de'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
staph’ yle,  a “ grape,”  or  the  “uvula,” 
and  oede'ma,]  (Edema , or  morbid  en- 
largement, of  the  uvula. 

Staph-y-lo'ma,  at/s.*  [From  ora^- 
vXt'i,  a “ grape ;”  the  “ uvula.”]  A disease 
of  the  eyeball,  in  which  the  cornea 
loses  its  transparency,  rises,  and  even 
projects  beyond  the  eyelids,  like  a 
pearl-colored  tumor. 

Staph-y-lop-to'sts.*  [From  staph’ - 
yle , the  “uvula,”  and  pto'sis , a “fall- 
ing.”] A falling  down  or  elongation  of 
the  uvula. 

Staph- jMor'rha-phy.  [Staphy- 

lorrha'phia;  from  crcupvXfi,  the  “ uvula,” 
and  peufrfi,  a “suture.”]  The  operation 
of  securing  by  suture  the  lips  of  a cleft 
uvula. 

Staph-y-lo'sis.*  The  growth  or 
progress  of  staphyloma. 

Staph-y-lot'o-my.  [Staphylot©'- 
vnia;  from  staph’ yle,  the  “uvula,”  and 
Tcjiv o),  to  “cut.”]  The  cutting  off  of  a 
portion  of  the  Uvula,  which  see. 

Star.  See  Stella. 

Star-like.  See  Asteroid,  and  Stel- 
late. 

Starch.  [Lat.  Am'yliim,  and  Fec'- 

nla;  Gr.  a/rAov;  Fr.  A midon,  &'me'd6NG'.] 
One  of  the  commonest  proximate  princi- 
ples of  vegetables.  It  is  characterized 
by  its  insipidity,  and  by  insolubility  in 
cold  water,  in  alcohol,  and  in  ether. 
Pure  starch  is  a white  powder  without 
taste  or  smell.  Starch  is  one  of  the  most 
important  and  most  universal  of  the 
contents  of  cells,  and  is  most  abundant 
in  the  internal  or  subterranean  parts, 
concealed  from  the  light,  as  roots,  tubers, 
and  seeds.  It  is  the  form  in  which 
nourishing  matter  is  stored  up  in  the 
plant  for  future  use,  in  this  respect  re- 
sembling the  fat  of  animals. 

Sta'sis.*  [From  'larrjpi,  to  “stand.”] 
A standing  or  settling  in  a place  or  part, 
as  the  blood  at  death. 

45 


Stat'ic,  or  Stat'I-cal.  [Stat'icns*, 

from  ararog,  “ standing,”  or  "lorripi,  to 
“stand.”]  Having  the  power  of  keeping 
in  a stationary  condition.  Applied  by 
some  writers  to  the  phenomena 

exhibited  in  organized  bodies,  as  contra- 
distinguished from  the  organic  or  vital. 

Stat'i-ce.*  Marsh  Rosemary.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  the  Stat’ice  Limo’vium , variety 
Carolinia’na . It  is  astringent  and  anti- 
septic. 

Stat'ics.  [Stat'ica;  from  <mrr<5f, 
“standing,”  or  to  “stand.”]  That 

part  of  Mechanics  which  relates  to 
bodies  considered  as  in  a state  of  rest, 
or  to  the  conditions  under  which  several 
forces  applied  to  a rigid  body  mutually 
destroy  each  other. 

Sta'tion.  [Sta'tio,  o’nis;  from  stof 
sta’tum , to  “stand,”  to  “abide.”]  Pri- 
marily, the  act  (or  position)  of  standing. 
In  Botany,  the  locality  or  kind  of  situa- 
tion in  which  a plant  naturally  grows. 

Sta-tis'tics.  [From  sta’tus,  a “state,” 
“condition.”]  The  science  which  exhi- 
bits the  state  or  condition  of  a country 
or  nation,  principally  in  relation  to  its 
extent,  population,  productions,  indus- 
try, etc. 

Stature.  [Statu'ra;  from  sfo, 
sta’tum , to  “stand.”]  The  height  of  the 
human  figure  in  a standing  posture. 

Stau-ro-phyrius.*  [From  cravpos, 
a “ cross,”  and  (fvWov , a “ leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing leaves  opposed  crosswise. 

Staves-a'cre.  The  Delphinium 
Staphisagria,  which  see. 

Steam.  [Va'por.]  The  elastic  fluid 
into  which  water  is  converted  by  the 
continued  application  of  heat.  A cubic 
inch  of  water  forms  about  seventeen 
hundred  cubic  inches  of  steam.  See 
Vapor. 

Ste'ar,*  gen.  Ste'a-tis.  [Gr.  oTzap.'] 
Originally,  “ solid  fat.”  The  same  as 
Sevum,  which  see. 

Ste'a-rate.  [Ste'aras,  a' ft*.]  A 
combination  of  stearic  acid  with  a base. 

Ste-ar'ic.  [Stear'ictis ; from  orzap , 
“solid  fat,”  or  “tallow.”]  Pertaining 
to  fat.  Applied  to  an  acid  obtained 
from  it. 

Ste-ar'I-form.  [Stearifor'mis ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  the  appear- 
ance of  fat : fatty. 

Ste'a-rme,  or  Ste'a-rin.  [Steari'- 

na;  from  the  same.]  That  part  of  oils 
and  fats  which  is  solid  at  common  tem- 
peratures. 

Ste-a-ro-co-no'tum.*  [From  arcap, 
525 


STE 


STE 


“ solid  fat,”  and  kovi$,  “ dust,”  or  “pow- 
der.”] A peculiar,  yellow,  pulverulent 
fat,  found  in  the  brain-mass,  and  said 
to  contain  phosphorus  and  sulphur. 

Ste-a-rop'ten.  [Stearoptenum ; 
from  oreap , “solid  fat,”  and  Trrjudg,  “vola- 
tile.”] The  concrete  or  solid  portion  of 
volatile  oils. 

Ste-a-ro-ri^'I-nate.  [Stearori^'i- 
nas,  a 'tisJ]  A combination  of  stearo- 
ricinic  acid  with  a base. 

Ste-a-ro-rl-cm ' ic.  [Stearorici  n 
icus.]  Applied  to  one  of  three  acids 
produced  during  saponification  of  the 
O'leum  ritfini,  or  castor  oil. 

Ste'a-tas.*  The  same  as  Stearas. 
See  Stearate. 

Ste-atl-cus.5  The  same  as  Steari- 
cus.  See  Stearic. 

Ste'a^tine,  or  Ste'a-tin.  A name 
for  Stearin,  which  see. 

Ste'a-tine.  [Steati'nus ; from  oreap, 
orearo;,  “ solid  fat.”]  Consisting  of  fat. 

Ste'a-tite.  [Steati  tes ; from  the 
same.]  A variety  of  talc ; soapstone ; 
a kind  of  unctuous  stone.  It  is  a hy- 
drated silicate  of  magnesia  and  alu- 
mina. 

S&e'a-to-^ele.*  [From  oreap,  <rrearo;, 
“ solid  fat,”  and  *17X7,  a “ tumor.”]  A 
fatty  tumor  in  the  scrotum. 

Steatoconotum.  See  Stearocono- 
tum. 

Ste-a-to'tles.*  [From  7 reap,  crearog, 
“solid  fat.”]  Fatty,  or  full  of  fat. 

Ste-a-to'ma,  at  is.*  [From  the  same.] 
An  encysted  tumor  containing  a fatty 
substance : a ste'atome. 

Ste-a-tom'a-tous.  [Steatomato'- 
from  steato'ma.]  Of  the  nature  of, 
or  belonging  to,  steatoma. 

Ste-a-tor-r!ioe'a.*  [From  oreap, 
cream;,  “solid  fat,”  and  ptoj,  to  “flow.”] 
A fatty  dejection  from  the  bowels. 

Ste-a-to'sis.*  The  progress  or  for- 
mation of  steatoma. 

Steel.  [Clha'lybs,  yb*$.]  The  best, 
finest,  and  closest-grained  forged  iron, 
combined  with  carbon  by  a particular 
process.  It  is  less  malleable  than  iron, 
but  harder,  more  elastic,  and  less  liable 
to  rust.  See  Aoies. 

Steel  Mix'ture.  The  same  as  the 
Mistura  Ferri  Composita,  which  see. 

Stes-na'sis.*  [From  oreyi'fa,  to 
“constrict,”  or  “make  costive.”]  Stric- 
ture or  contraction  of  the  pores  and 
vessels:  also,  constipation. 

Stel'la.*  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“ star.”  Applied  to  the  rosettes  of 
mosses. 

526 


Stellar.  [Stella' ris;  from  stel'la, 
a “ star.”]  Relating  to  a star ; starry. 

Stel-la'tse.-*  [Feminine  plural  of 
stella' tus,  “starred,”  or  “stellate.”]  A 
natural  order  of  plants,  also  known  by  the 
name  of  Galiacea:,  which  see. 

Stellate,  or  Stellat-ed.  [Stella'- 
tins;  from  stel'la,  a “star.”]  Radiated 
as  a star;  star-shaped;  arranged  in  rays 
like  the  points  of  a star.  Applied  to 
flowers,  leaves,  etc.  Applied  also  to  a 
bandage  or  roller  wound  crosswise  on 
the  back. 

Stel-lif'er-ous.  [Stellif'ems;  from 
stel'la,  a “ star,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear/’] 
Having  or  bearing  stars,  or  parts  resem- 
bling a star.  Applied  to  plants. 

Stel'li-fornx.  [Stellifor'rnis ; from 
stel'la , a “star.”]  Having  the  form  of 
a star. 

Stel-lig-'er-ns.*  [From  stel'la,  a 
“star,”  and  ge'ro , to  “bear.”]  The 
same  as  Stelliferous,  which  see. 

Stel-li-ner ' vi-us.*  [From  stel'la,  a 
“ star,”  and  ner’vus,  a “ nerve.”]  Having 
stellated  or  radiated  nervures.  Applied 
by  Mirbel  to  leaves  the  nervures  of  which 
depart  from  the  middle  or  centre  of  the 
lamina. 

[Diminutive  of  stel'la , 
a “star.”]  A little  star,  or  foliaceous 
disk,  which  in  certain  mosses  terminates 
the  stems  and  contains  the  male  flowers : 
a stel'lule. 

Stellu-lae  Ver-hey  'nl-i.*  (“  Stars  or 
Stellated  Spots  of  Verheyne.”)  A term 
applied  to  the  stellated  plexuses  of  veins 
on  the  surface  of  the  kidney. 

Stellai-late.  [Stellnla'tns;  from 
stel'lula,  a “little  star.”]  The  diminutive 
of  Stellate.  Having  leaves  arranged 
in  stars. 

Stem.  [Can'lis,  or  Sti'pes.]  The 

stalk  of  an  herb,  flower,  leaf,  or  fruit; 
the  stock  or  trunk  of  a tree;  the  ascend- 
ing axis  of  a plant, — i.e.  the  part  which 
grows  in  the  opposite  direction  from  the 
root.  The  stem  is  one  of  the  funda- 
mental or  universal  organs  of  vegetation. 
Its  leading  peculiarity  is,  that  it  is  formed 
of  a succession  of  similar  parts  (inter- 
nodes) developed  one  upon  the  summit 
of  another,  each  having  its  own  inde- 
pendent growth.  Each  developing  in- 
ternode lengthens  throughout  its  whole 
body,  unlike  the  root,  which  elongates 
continuously  from  its  extremity  alone. 

Stem'less.  [Acau'lis.]  Having  no 
stem,  or  none  that  is  obvious. 

Stem'let.  A little  stem.  Also,  tho 
first  internode  of  tho  plumule. 


STE 


STE 


Stenocardia.  See  Angina  Pectoris. 

Sten'o-don,  on'tfo.*  [From  arevog, 
" narrow,”  or  " close,”  and  odovg,  a 
" tooth.”]  Having  narrow  teeth. 

Ste-nog/ra-pBiiy.  [From  are-yog, 
" narrow/’  "close,”  and ypd^w,  to  "write.”] 
The  art  of  short-hand,  otherwise  termed 
tacky graphy. 

Ste-nol'o-bus.*  [From  arevdg,  "nar- 
row,”  and  \66og,  a " lobe.”]  Having  nar- 
row lobes. 

Sten-o-pet'a»lus.*  [From  arevog, 
"narrow,”  and  n eraKov,  a "petal.”]  Hav- 
ing narrow  or  linear  petals. 

Sten-©-pJayri«is#‘**  [From  arevog, 

"narrow,”  and  (pvXbov,  a "leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing narrow  or  linear  leaves. 

S te-iiop ' ter- hs.*  [From  arevog,  " nar- 
row,” and  irrepdv,  a "wing.”]  Having 
narrow  wings:  stenopterous.  Applied 
to  plants. 

Ste'no*s  (or  Ste'non’s)  Duct.  The 

parotid  duct;  a small  white  tube  passing 
from  the  parotid  gland  and  opening  in 
the  mouth,  discovered  by  Steno. 

Ste-no'sis.*  [From  are-vow,  to  "make 
narrow,”  or  to  " contract.”]  A contracted 
condition  of  a viscus,  or  vessel;  as  of  the 
heart,  or  the  larger  vessels  near  it. 

Sten-o-sto'mi-a.-  [From arevog,  "nar- 
row,” and  arena,  a " mouth.”]  Contrac- 
tion of  the  mouth  in  consequence  of  some 
wound  or  disease. 

Sten-o-tfoo'rax,  n'cis*  [From  arevog , 
"narrow,”  and  0 'pa?,  the  "chest.”]  Hav- 
ing a narrow  chest. 

Steppes,  steps.  (Russian.)  The  name 
given  to  the  vast  system  of  plains  found 
in  Asia,  especially  in  Siberia,  somewhat 
resembling  the  prairies  of  North  America. 

$ter-c©-ra'ce©ai«.  [Stercora'ceus ; 
from  ster'eus,  ster'eoris,  " ordure.”] 
Applied  to  vomiting  when  feces  or  alvine 
excrements  are  mingled  with  the  egesta. 

Ster-c©-ra'15s,#  or  Ster-co-ra'ri- 
[From  the  same.]  Applied  to 
plants  that  grow  upon  excrements  or 
dung. 

Ster-cu-li-a'ce-se.*  [From  Stercu'lia, 
one  of  the  genera.]  A synonym  of  a 
natural  order  of  plants,  also  called  Bom- 
bace^e,  which  see. 

Ster-el-min'tlna.^  [From  arepeog, 
"solid,”  and  eXpuvg,  a "worm.”]  The 
name  applied  to  two  species  of  intestinal 
worms  which  have  no  true  abdominal 
cavity,  and  are  therefore  termed  solid. 
These  are  the  Tse'nia  so'lium  and  the 
Bothrioceph' alus  la'tus . 

Ste-re-o-dy-namics.  [Stereody- 
namica;  from  arepeog,  "solid,”  and 


Svvapig,  "power.”]  A branch  of  Physics 
which  explains  the  laws  of  the  move- 
ment of  solid  bodies. 

Ster-e-om'e-ter.  [See  next  article.] 
An  instrument  used  for  determining  tho 
specific  gravity  of  solid  bodies,  porous 
bodies,  and  powders;  and  sometimes  also 
of  liquids. 

Ster-e-om'e-try.  [Stereome'tria ; 

from  arepeog,  " solid,”  and  perpew,  to  " mea- 
sure.”] The  art  of  measuring  solid 
bodies. 

Ste-re-o-plsyl'lins.*  [From  arepeog, 
"solid,”  and  tyvWov,  a "leaf.”]  Having 
solid  or  firm  leaves  : stereophyl'lous. 

81er'e-©-se©pe.  [Stereosco'pimn ; 
from  arepeog,  "solid,”  and  oxorrao,  to  "see,” 
to  "observe.”]  An  instrument  by  which 
two  similar  pictures  (one  being  presented 
to  each  eye)  are  so  disposed  that  tho 
combined  representations  appear  as  one, 
and  the  different  objects  arc  seen  in  re- 
lief, as  if  they  were  solid. 

S!er-e-o-stat'ics.  [Stereostat'ica ; 
from  arepeog,  "solid,”  and  7arr/p>,  to 
" stand.”]  That  part  of  Physics  which 
treats  of  tho  equilibrium  of  solid  bodies. 

Ste-rig/mma.**  [From  arvpifa,  to 
"make  firm  or  fast.”]  Literally,  a 
"base,”  or  "foundation.”  Applied  in 
Botany  to  the  adherent  base  or  down- 
ward prolongation  of  a decurrent  leaf. 

Ster'ile.  [Stter'ilis.]  Affected  with 
sterility;  barren. 

Sler'ifle  Flow'er.  A flower  which 
has  no  pistil. 

Ster'ile  Sta'men  or  Fil'a-mnont. 

That  which  is  destitute  of  an  anther. 

Ste-ril'i-ty.  [Storal'itas,  a,' tin;  from 
ster'ilis,  ""barren.”]  Inability,  whether 
natural  or  the  result  of  disease,  to  pro- 
create offspring. 

Ster'nal.  [Sterna'Iis.]  Belonging 
to  the  sternum.  Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay 
as  meaning  towards  the  sternum. 

Ster-naB'g'i-a.*  [From  ster'num , the 
"breastbone,”  and  a\yog,  "pain.”]  Pain 
in  the  sternum. 

8ter'no  - Oei-do  - Mas-to-i'de-ws.* 

A muscle  arising  by  two  origins  from 
the  summit  of  the  sternum  and  the 
sternal  portion  of  the  clavicle,  and  in- 
serted into  the  mastoid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  It  turns  the  head  to  one 
side  and  bends  it  forward. 

Ster'no-My-o-i 'de-us.*  A muscle 
arising  from  the  sternum  and  inserted 
into  the  os  hy aides.  It  depresses  the 
larynx,  and  furnishes  a fixed  point  for 
the  depressors  of  the  jaw. 

Ster'iioid.  [feternoi'des ; from 

527 


STE 


STI 


ster'num,  andeufo?,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
the  sternum. 

$ter'm©-Thy-r©-i'«le-us.*  A muscle 
arising  from  the  sternum  and  inserted 
into  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  draws  the 
larynx  downwards. 

Ster'nuan.*  [Gr.  areppovi]  The  ob- 
long, flat  bone  at  the  fore  part  of  the 
thorax:  the  breast-bone ; also  termed  Os 
j)ec'toris.  Also,  the  median  line  of  the 
pectus,  or  inferior  surface  of  the  trunk 
of  insects. 

Ster-nn-meai'tum,^  or  Ster-nu-ta- 
inen'tum.-  [From  ster'nuo , sternu'- 
tum,  to  “ sneeze.”]  Sneezing.  Also  ap- 
plied to  a substance  which  causes  sneez- 
ing ; a snuff  or  a sternutatory  medicine. 

ISter-iiii-ta'ti©n.  [Sternuta'tio, 
© rnis;  from  sternu'to,  stemuta' turn,  to 
“sneeze  often.”]  The  act  of  sneezing; 
more  particularly,  frequent  sneezing, 
which  sometimes  amounts  to  such  excess 
as  requires  medical  treatment. 

S ter-n u ' ta- to-ry . [Stern  11  tato  'ri- 
us;  from  the  same.]  Causing  to  sneeze. 

Ster'tor,  ©'rw.*  [From  ster'to , to 
“snore.”]  (Fr.  Ronjlement,  r6NGTl-moNG\) 
The  loud  grating  sound  produced  in  the 
larynx  from  the  breathing  being  ob- 
structed by  accumulation  of  mucus  in 
the  air-passages,  or  otherwise.  Also 
applied  to  the  snoring  in  natural  sleep 
caused  by  relaxation  of  the  velum  palati. 

Ster'to-rons.  [Stertoro'sns.]  Be- 
longing to,  or  of  the  nature  of,  stertor. 

Ste-tbse'mi-a.*  [From  ar/jOog,  the 
“chest,”  or  “breast,”  and  alpa,  “blood.”] 
Accumulation  of  blood  in  the  vessels  of 
the  lungs. 

Ste-thoeli'y-sis.*  [From  arfjOo g,  the 
“chest,”  and  a “pouring,”  or  “effu- 
sion.”] The  same  as  Hydrothorax, 
which  see. 

Ste-thom'e-ter.  [Stethom'etram ; 

from  arrjdog,  the  “ chest,”  and  perpov,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  measur- 
ing the  external  movement  in  the  walls 
of  the  chest,  as  a means  of  diagnosis  in 
thoracic  disease. 

Stetli-o-pa-ral'y-sis.*  [From  arrjOog, 
the  “chest,”  and  paral'ysis.]  Paralysis 
of  the  muscles  of  the  chest. 

Steth'o-scope.  [StetBuosco'paiim ; 

from  aTtjOog,  the  “breast,”  and  okokew,  to 
“observe,”  to  “examine.”]  A tubular 
instrument  of  various  size,  form,  and 
material,  for  ascertaining  the  state  of  the 
respiration,  or  of  the  heart’s  action,  as 
affected  by  disease. 

Stli£n'ic.  [Stlicn'icus;  from  oQevog, 
“strength.”]  Strong;  active;  robust. 

528 


Sthen'ic  I>is-eaS'es.  Those  which 
are  the  result  of  inflammation  or  in- 
creased action. 

Stbe-nop'y-ra.*  [From  aOhog, 
“strength,”  and  n vp,  a “fever.”]  Sthenic 
or  synochic  fever. 

$tib'i-al.  [Stibia'lis;  from  stib'ium, 
“antimony.”]  Belonging  to  antimony; 
antimonial. 

Stib'ic.  [Stib'icns;  from  stib'ium , 
“ antimony.”]  Belonging  to  antimony. 
Applied  to  the  yellow  oxide  of  antimony, 
called  Stibic  acid. 

Stib'I-ous.  [Stibio'ssis;  from  stib'i- 
um, “ antimony.”]  Pertaining  to  anti- 
mony. Applied  to  the  white  oxide  of 
antimony,  called  Stibious  acid. 

Stib'I-um.*  [Gr.  (ttlSi , or  arippij] 
The  ancient  name  for  antimony. 

Stic-tac'ne.*  [From  o-rucrog,  “ marked 
with  points,”  and  ac'ne,  a “papular  erup- 
tion.”] The  Ac'nepuncta'ta  of  Bateman; 
a species  or  variety  of  acne  in  which, 
according  to  Dr.  Good,  the  pimples  are 
tipped  with  a black  dot. 

Stiff-joint.  See  Ankylosis. 

Stig'nia,*  plural  Stig'ma-ta.  [From 
< rriypa , a “mark,”  a “brand.”]  That 
part  of  the  pistil  which  is  placed  at  the 
summit  of  the  style  and  receives  the 
pollen.  Also,  one  of  the  breathing-pores 
of  insects,  or  the  pores  which  admit  air 
to  their  tracheae.  Applied  in  Pathology 
to  a small  red  speck  on  the  skin,  without 
elevation  of  the  cuticle,  as  if  caused  by 
a pricking  instrument.  Also,  a natural 
mark  or  spot. 

Stig'ma-ta,*  the  plural  of  Stigma, 
which  see. 

Stig-mat'ic.  [Stigmat'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  or  bearing  a stigma. 

Stig-mat'i-form.  [Stigmatafor'- 
mis;  from  stig'ma .]  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a stigma. 

Stig'nia-tose.  The  same  as  Stig- 
matic,  which  see. 

Stalbacese.*  stil-ba'she-e.  [From 
Stil'be,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  exogenous  shrubs,  found 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Stalette,  ste-lett'.  (From  the  French 
Sti/et,  a “small  dagger.”)  A small 
sharp-pointed  instrument  enclosed  in  a 
cannula , or  sheath.  Also,  a wire  kept  in 
the  flexible  catheter,  to  give  it  firmness 
and  a proper  degree  of  curvature. 

Stillborn.  [Xa'tns  Mor'tmis, 
“born  dead.”]  Born  without  life. 

Stiril-cid'i-um.*  [From  stil'la,  a 
“drop,”  and  ca'do , to  “fall  down.”]  A 
dropping  or  trickling  down;  a flowing 


STI 


STO 


drop  by  drop.  Applied  especially  to  the 
urine  in  strangury,  stricture,  etc. 

Stillicid'ium  Ljuli-ry-ma  rum.* 

(“Dropping  or  Trickling  down  of  Tears.”) 
See  Epiphora. 

Stil-lin'gi-a.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the 
Stillin' gia  sylvat'ica.  In  large  doses  it  is 
emetic  and  cathartic,*  in  small  doses, 
alterative. 

Stimatosis.  See  Stymatosis. 

Stiiu'u-laiit.  [Stim'ulans,  a n't.is; 
see  Stimulate.]  Stimulating.  Applied 
to  a medicine  having  power  to  excite  the 
organic  action  of  an  animal,  or  increase 
the  vital  .activity  of  an  organ. 

. Stim'u-late.  [From  stim'ulo,  stimula'- 
tum,  to  “goad,”  or  “urge  on”  (from 
stim'ulus,  a “goad,”  or  “spur”).]  To 
excite  the  organic  action  of  a part  of  the 
animal  economy. 

Stiiu'u-li,*  gen.  Stim-u-lo'rum, 

the  plural  of  Stimulus,  which  see. 

Stim'u-lus,*  plural  Stim'u-li.  A 

Latin  word  signifying  a “ goad,”  “ sting,” 
or  “whip.”  In  Botany,  a sting,  or  fine, 
sharp-pointed  substance  which  easily 
penetrates  the  skin,  introducing  a poison 
into  the  part,  as  of  the  Nettle.  In  Phy- 
siology, that  which  rouses  or  excites  the 
vital  energies,  whether  of  the  whole  sys- 
tem or  of  a part. 

Sting’.  In  Botany,  a rigid  and  point- 
ed cell  borne  on  an  expanded  base  or 
gland,  which  secretes  an  irritating  fluid, 
as  in  the  Nettle. 

Stipe.  [Sti'pes,  itis;  from  oTxmoq,  a 
“trunk.”]  A stem  of  a fungus,  fern,  or 
palm.  Also,  a stalk  which  supports  the 
ovary  in  certain  plants. 

Stl'pel.  The  stipule  of  a leaflet. 

Stip'el-late.  Furnished  with  stipels. 

Sti-pif'er-ous.  [Stipif 'erus ; from 
sti'pes,  a “stipe,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  stipes. 

Stip'I-tate.  [Stipita'tus ; from 
sti'pes,  a “ stipe.”]  Having  a stipe,  stem, 
or  foot-stalk. 

Stip'i-ti-form,  or  Stip'i-form. 
[Stipifor'mis;  from  sti'pes,  a “stipe.”] 
Shaped  like  a stipe. 

Stip-u-la'ceous.  [From  stip'ula,  a 
“ stipule.”]  Belonging  to  or  resembling 
stipules. 

Stip'u-lar.  [Stipula'ris ; from 
stip'ula,  a “stipule.”]  Relating  to  or 
like  a stipule. 

Stip'u-late,  or  Stip'uled.  [Stip- 
ula'tus.]  Having  stipules. 

Stip'ule.  [Stip'ula.]  A Latin  word 
signifying  “straw,”  or  “stubble.”  In 
45* 


Botany,  a lateral  and  foliaceous  append- 
age of  a leaf,  situated  at  the  base  of  the 
petiole.  Stipules  occur  in  pairs. 

St  ip-u-lif  er-ous.  [Sti pulif  'erus ; 
from  stip'ula,  a “stipule,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  stipules. 

Stitch.  [Punc'tiim.]  An  acute, 
sudden  pain,  like  that  caused  by  the 
thrusting  in  of  a sharp  needle.  See 
Pleurodynia. 

Stock.  [Stirps.]  The  trunk  or  stem 
of  a tree  or  plant.  Also,  the  original 
(or  originals)  of  a lineage  of  animals  or 
plants  ; a source  of  succession  ; a race. 

Stoi-clii-ol'o-gy,  or  Stce-clii-ol'o- 
gy,  written  also  Ste-chl-ol'o-gy. 
[Steechiolo'gia;  from  arocxsiov,  a “first 
principle,”  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”] 
Elementary  knowledge;  the  science  of 
first  principles,  or  a treatise  on  elements. 

Stoi-ehi-om'e-try.  [Stcecliiome'- 
tria:  from  (ttoixciov,  an  “element,”  and 
lx£T(,c cu,  to  “measure/’]  The  doctrine  of 
chemical  equivalents.  That  part  of 
Chemistry  which  treats  of  the  relative 
quantities  in  which  different  substances 
combine  with  each  other. 

Stole.  The  same  as  Stolon,  which  see. 

Stolon.  [Sto'lo,  o'm’s.]  A rooting 
branch;  a branch  of  a plant,  which 
curves  or  falls  down  to  the  ground,  where 
it  takes  root  and  forms  an  ascending 
stem,  as  in  the  Currant. 

Stol-o-nif'er-ous.  [Stolonif'e- 
rus;  from  sto'lo,  a “stolon,”  and  fe'ro , 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  stolons,  or  suckers. 

Sto  ilia,*  plural  Sto'ma-ta.  [From 
croya,  a “ mouth.”]  A mouth.  Also,  a 
breathing-pore;  a minute  orifice  in  the 
epidermis  of  leaves  through  which  ex- 
halation takes  place.  In  the  leaf  of  the 
Apple  there  are  said  to  be  twenty-four 
thousand  stomata  to  the  square  inch. 

Sto-mac'a-^e.*  [From  or oya,  a 
“month,”  and  kcucos,  “bad.”]  See  Can- 
crum  Oris. 

Stomaeal.  See  Stomachic. 

Stomach,  stum'ak.  [Veil trie' ulus, 
and  Stoin'acSms;  from  croya,  a 
“mouth.”]  (Fr.  Estomac , es'to’m&k'.) 
The  membranous  bag,  or  receptacle  of 
the  food,  between  the  oesophagus  and 
duodenum. 

Stom  ach-Pump.  (Fr.  Pompe  pour 
V Estomac,  p6Mp  pooR  les’to'm&k'.)  An 
instrument  used  to  pump  out  the  con- 
tents of  the  stomach,  or  convey  fluids 
into  that  organ  when  the  patient  is  un- 
able to  swallow. 

Stom'a-clial.  Synonymous  with 
Stomachic,  which  see. 


529 


STO 


STR 


Sto-macli'ic.  [Stomach  'icus.] 

(Fr.  Stomacal , sto'mAkH'.)  Belonging 
to  the  stomach:  gastric.  Also  applied 
to  a medicine  which  strengthens  its 
healthy  action. 

Stomachus.  See  Stomach. 

Sto-map'o-dus.*  [From  aro/xa,  a 
" mouth, ” and  xovs,  a "foot.”]  Having 
feet  near  the  mouth.  Applied  in  the 
neuter  plural  (Stomap' oda)  to  an  order 
of  Crustaceans. 

Sto'iua-ta,*  the  plural  of  Stoma, 
which  see. 

Sto'mate.  The  same  as  Stoma,  which 
see. 

Sto-mat'ic.  [Stomat'icus ; from 
aro/xa,  a " mouth.”]  A remedy  for  diseases 
of  the  mouth. 

Stom-a-ti/tis,  id  is*  [From  ardya,  a 
" mouth.”]  Inflammation  of  the  mouth. 

Stom-a-to-plas'tic.  [Stoiiiato- 

1>1  as'ticus.]  Belonging  to  stomato- 
plasty. 

Stom  'a-to-plas-ty.  [Stomat©- 

plas'tia;  from  aroya,  a "mouth,”  and 
■nXaacnxj,  to  "form.”]  The  operation  for 
forming  an  artificial  mouth  where  the 
aperture  has  been  contracted  from  any 
cause. 

Stom'a-to-scope.  [From  oroya,  the 
" mouth,”  and  aKonsoj,  to  "examine.”]  An 
instrument  for  holding  open  the  mouth 
in  order  to  facilitate  examination. 

Stone.  See  Calculus,  and  Lapis. 

Stone-Fruit.  A common  name  for 
a Drupe,  which  see. 

Stool.  [Se'des.]  The  faeces  dis- 
charged from  the  bowels;  a dejection; 
an  evacuation.  In  Botany,  a plant  from 
which  layers  (stolons)  are  propagated. 

Sto'rax.*  A name  for  Styrax, 
which  see. 

Stra-bis'mus.*  [From  orpaSifa,  to 
"squint.”]  Squinting.  An  affection  of 
the  eyes  in  which  objects  are  seen  in  an 
oblique  manner.  A genus  of  the  order 
Dyscinesise , class  Locales , of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Stra-bot'o-my.  [Straboto'inia ; 

from  (TTpaSds , "squinting,”  and  royrj,  a 
"cutting:”]  An  operation  for  strabis- 
mus. 

Strain.  See  Sprain. 

Strainer.  See  Colatorium. 

Straining.  See  Spasma. 

Stra-min'e-ous.  [From  stra'men, 
" straw.”]  Straw-like. 

Stra-mo'ni-i  Fo'lI-um.$  ("Leaf  of 
Stramonium.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  Vatu' ra 
stramo'nium . The  Stramo'nii  Fo'lia 

530 


("Leaves  of  Stramonium”)  of  the  Brit- 
ish Pharmacopoeia. 

Stramo'nii  Semen.*  ("  Seed  of 
Stramonium.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  seed  of  the 
Vatu' ra  stramo'nium.  It  is  narcotic  and 
poisonous. 

Stra-mo'ui-um.*  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for  the  herb  Vatu' - 
ra  stramo' ilium. 

Stran'g-u-lat-ed.  [Strangula'- 
tus;  from  stran'gulo , stranyula' turn , to 
"choke.”]  Literally,  " choked.”  Applied 
to  irreducible  hernia.  In  Botany,  irregu- 
larly contracted. 

Stran-gu-Ia'tion.  [Strangula'- 

tio,  o 'nia;  from  the  same.]  (Fr.  Etr  any  La- 
ment, AtRONG'gT-mbN°'.)  The  state  of 
choking ; constriction  of  a part  from  the 
presence  of  a stricture. 

Strangury,  strang'gu-re.  [Stran- 
gu'ria;  from  arpayyio,  to  "tie  or  bind 
tight”  (or  more  directly  from  orpayl,  a 
" drop”),  and  ovpov,  the  " urine.”]  A 
painful  difficulty  in  passing  water,  which 
can  be  discharged  only  by  drops. 

Stra'ta,*  gen.  Stra-to'rum,  the  plu- 
ral of  Stratum,  which  see. 

Strat-i-fi-ca'tion.  [Stratifica'tio, 
o 'nis;  from  stra'tum,  a " layer,”  and 
fa'cio,  to  " make.”]  In  Chemistry,  the 
placing  of  layer  upon  layer  of  different 
substances  in  a crucible,  to  calcine  a 
metal,  etc.  In  Geology,  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  rocks,  earth,  etc.,  in  strata; 
the  process  of  forming  strata. 

Strut  I-fied.  [Stratifica'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Composed  of  distinct  strata, 
or  layers  of  different  materials.  Applied 
in  Geology  to  sedimentary  rocks  placed 
in  strata  which  are  nearly  parallel,  as 
sandstone  and  slate. 

Strat'i-forin.  [Stratifor'mis ; 

from  stra'tum,  a "layer.”]  Having  the 
form  of  strata;  stratified. 

Stra'toid.  [Stratoi'des;  from 
stra'tum,  a " layer,”  and  eldog,  a "form.”] 
Resembling  strata  or  layers. 

Stra-tom'e-ter.  [Stratem'etrum ; 
from  stra'tum,  a " layer,”  and  yirpov,  a 
"measure.”]  An  instrument  for  deter- 
mining in  what  manner  geological  strata 
press  upon  each  other. — (Mayne.) 

Stra'tum,*  plural  Stra'ta.  [From 
ster'no,  stra'tum,  to  "spread,”  to  "lay 
down.”]  A bed  or  layer  of  matter. 
When  different  rocks  lie  in  succession 
upon  each  other,  each  individual  forms 
a stratum. 

Straw  b£r-ry.  The  fruit  of  the 
Fraya'ria  ves'ea.  A plant  of  the  Liu- 


STR 


STR 


recall  class  Icosandria,  natural  order  Ro- 
saccse. 

Strein'iiia.**  [From  orpifo),  to 

‘•twist,”  or  “ turn.”]  A sprain,  or  lux- 
ation. 

Stri'ay*  plural  Stri'se.  A Latin 
word  signifying  a “groove,”  “furrow,” 
or  “crease.”  Applied  in  Anatomy  and 
Zoology  to  longitudinal  marks  or  lines; 
and  sometimes,  in  Pathology,  to  the  pur- 
ple spots  which  appear  under  the  skin  in 
certain  fevers  ; also  called  Vibices. 

Stri'ae,*  the  plural  of  Stria,  which 
see. 

Stri'ate.  [Stria'tus;  from  stri'o, 
stria* turn,  to  “ make  furrows.”]  Grooved ; 
furrowed;  marked  with  longitudinal 
streaks  or  furrows  (strise). 

Striated  Bodies.  See  Corpora 
Striata. 

Strict.  [From  strin'go , stnc'tum,  to 
“bind,”  or  “tie  close/']  A botanical 
term  signifying  very  straight  or  close. 

Stric'ture.  [Strictu'ra;  from  the 
same.]  (Fr.  Re.tr  ecissement,  rAtrAs&ss'- 
moN°'.)  A term  for  a contraction  in  a 
canal,  tube,  or  duct;  as  in  the  oesopha- 
gus, urethra,  etc. 

Stri'dor  Den'tiuni*  (den'she-um). 
(“  Grinding  of  the  Teeth.”)  The  grat- 
ing noise  produced  by  powerful  attrition 
of  the  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  on  those  of 
the  upper.  A common  symptom  in  gas- 
tric affections  of  children. 

Strid'u-lous.  [Sfrfid'ulus ; from 
stri’deo,  to  “crack,”  “creak,”  or 
“crash.”]  Creaking;  crashing.  See 
Cynanche  Strepitoria. 

Strigr'il,*  or  Strig-'I-lis.*  A Latin 
word  signifying  a “curry-comb.”  A 
scraper,  or  flesh-brush.  An  instrument 
used  in  bathing. 

Strig/il-flose.  The  same  as  Strigose, 
which  see. 

Strl-gose'.  [Strigo'sus ; from  stri'- 
ga,  a “ small  stiff  hair.”]  Clothed  with 
sharp  and  stout  close-pressed  hairs,  or 
scale-like  bristles  ( strigsc ).  Applied  to 
plants. 

Sfr«b-*-la'ce©us.  [StroMla'cens.] 

Relating  to,  or  resembling,  a strobile. 

Strob'Ile.  [Strob'ilus.]  A scaly 
multiple  fruit  resulting  from  the  ripen- 
ing of  some  sort  of  catkin.  It  is  applied 
especially  to  the  peculiar  fruit  of  the 
Coniferse,  of  which  the  cone  of  the  pine- 
tree  is  an  example. 

Strob-i-lif'er-ows.  [Strobilif'er- 

us;  from  strob'ilus,  a “strobile,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  strobiles 

Strob  idi-fonn.  [Strobilifor'mis  ? 


from  strob'ilus,  a “strobile.”]  Resem- 
bling a strobile. 

St rob-i-li ' tes.*  [From  strob'ilus,  a 
“ strobile,”  and  \iOog,  a “ stone”?]  Fossil 
fruit  resembling  a strobile. 

Stroke  of  tbe  Sun.  See  Coup  de 
Soleil. 

Stroke  of  tbe  Wind.  See  Coup 
de  Vent. 

Stroma,  a tis*  [From  crpopa,  a 
“ bed,”  or  “ couch.”]  The  tissue  which 
forms  the  bed  or  substance  of  an  organ. 

Slrombufluferous.  Sec  Strombuli- 
form. 

Strom'bu-li-form.  [Strombuli- 
for'ouis;  from  strom'bulus,  diminutive 
of  strom'bus,  a spiral  shell  of  a mollusk.] 
Contorted  like  a screw,  or  twisted  spi- 
rally. 

Strong-'er  Al'co-bol.  [Al'eohol 
Fortius.]  The  name  applied  to  spirit 
of  the  specific  gravity  0.817.  It  has 
been  placed  on  the  primary  list  of  the  Ma- 
teria Mcdica  of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia 
for  1860. 

Stron'gy-lus.*  [From  arpoyyvXo 
“globose.”]  A kind  of  worm  or  ento- 
zbon,  found  in  the  kidney  and  other 
viscera : a strongylc. 

Stron'gybns  ^i'gas.*  (“Giant 
Strongylus.”)  A very  large  species 
sometimes  found  in  the  human  kidney. 

Strontiaii,  stron'she-an.  [Stron- 
tia'na;  from  Stron'tian,  in  Argyleshire.] 
The  oxide  of  strontium;  one  of  the  pri- 
mitive earths,  found  in  combination  with 
carbonic  acid  in  strontianite. 

Stron'tic.  [Sir  on 'ficus;  from 
stron'tium. ] Belonging  to  strontium. 

Strontium/  stron'she-um.  The 
metallic  base  of  strontian. 

Sfro'pSai-olc.  [Strophi'olum ; 
diminutive  of  stro'phium , a “ garland,” 
or  “ girdle.”]  A small  curved  protube- 
rance near  the  hilum  of  some  seeds. 

Stro2>b'u-Ius.;;:*  A papular  eruption 
of  various  species  and  form,  peculiar  to 
infants. 

Stroph'ulus  Al'bl-diis.*  (“White 
or  Whitish  Strophulus.”)  The  white 
gum , a name  for  a variety  of  Strophulus 
intertinctus. 

Sfropfo'tilus  Can'di-dus.^  (“Shin- 
ing Strophulus.”)  A variety  in  which 
the  papulse  are  larger,  have  no  inflam- 
mation, but  a smooth,  shining  surface, 
which  gives  them  a lighter  color  than 
the  cuticle  near  them. 

stroph  ulus  Con-fer'tu§/  (“  Thick 
or  Crowded  Strophulus.”)  A variety  in 
which  numerous  papillse,  varying  in  size, 
531 


STR 


STY 


appear  on  different  parts  of  the  body  in 
infants  during  dentition,  and  is  therefore 
called  tooth-rash. 

StropBi'ulus  In-ter-tine'tus.** 

(“  Stained  or  Spotted  Strophulus/’)  A 
variety  of  strophulus  in  which  the  child’s 
skin  appears  like  printed  cotton,  from 
the  various  disposition  of  the  character- 
istic papulae , or  seems  covered  with  a rod 
gummy  exudation;  therefore  popularly 
termed  red  gum , and  red-gown. 

Sfropai'ulus  Vo-lat'I-CMS.**  (“  Fly- 
ing Strophulus.”)  The  wildfire  rash,  a 
species  having  small  circular  patches  or 
clusters  of  papulae  arising  successively 
on  different  parts  of  the  body. 

Striae' tu-ral  Bot'a-ny.  The  branch 
of  botanical  science  which  treats  of  the 
structure,  organization,  and  external 
conformation  of  plants,  including  Vege- 
table Anatomy  (or  Piiytotomy)  and 
Organography,  which  see. 

Structure.  [Stmctu'ra  5 from 
8tru'oy  st rue' turn,  to  “ build,”  to  “ order," 
to  “make."]  Originally,  a “building." 
The  mode  of  construction  or  putting  to- 
gether of  any  thing.  In  Geology  and 
Mineralogy,  the  disposition  of  the  lines 
of  fissure  or  separation,  from  which 
necessarily  results  the  form  of  the  rock 
or  mineral.  Also,  the  arrangement  of 
the  organic  tissues  or  elements  of  which 
animals  and  plants  are  composed. 

Struma.*  A scrofulous  swelling, 
or  tumor;  also,  scrofula  itself.  Some- 
times applied  to  bronchocele. 

Stru-mijf'er-mis.  [Strumif'eras ; 
from  stru'ma,  a “ wen,"  and  fc'ro , to 
“ bear."]  Bearing  a wen  or  tumor.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

Stru-mose'.  [From  stru'ma,  a 
“wen.”]  In  Botany,  swollen  on  one 
side;  bearing  a struma,  or  wen. 

Stru'meus.  [Strumo'sus;  from 
stru'ma.]  Having  scrofula;  scrofulous. 

Struve’s  ILo'tion  for  lloop'iHg 
fouglt.  A preparation  consisting  chiefly 
of  tartarized  antimony  and  the  tincture 
of  cantharides. 

StrycBi'niite.  [StrycBi'nas,  a 'tis.] 
A combination  of  strychnic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Strych'ni-a,  Stryeli'nim,  or 
Strycli'nine.  [StrycSini'na.]  The 

Pharinacopoeial  name  ||  for  a peculiar 
alkaloid  obtained  from  the  fruit  of 
the  Strychno8  mix  vomica.  It  occurs  in 
the  form  of  a white,  or  grayish-white, 
powder,  of  an  intensely  bitter  taste, 
nearly  insoluble  in  water,  and  readily 
soluble  in  boiling  alcohol.  A small  por- 
532 


tion  of  it  dissolved  in  officinal  sulphuric 
acid  yields,  on  the  addition  of  a minute 
quantity  of  bichromate  of  potassa,  a 
splendid  violet  color.  Strychnia  has,  in 
a concentrated  form,  the  virtues  and  the 
poisonous  qualities  of  nux  vomica. 

Stry-eEi'ni-se  Sufi'pSaas.*  (“Sul- 
phate of  Strychnia.”)  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  a white  salt 
in  colorless  prismatic  crystals,  without 
odor,  exceedingly  bitter,  readily  soluble 
in  water,  sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol, 
and  insoluble  in  ether.  Medical  proper- 
ties the  same  as  those  of  Strychnia. 

Slry-elk'nic.  [StryeBa' ulcus.]  Ap- 
plied to  salts  of  which  strychnine  forms 
the  base. 

StrycBi'nos.*  [Gr.  arpvxvog,  a species 
of  nightshade.]  (Fr.  Vomiquier , vo'm£'- 
ke’a'.)  A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class 
Pentandria,  natural  order  Loganiacese. 

StrycEa'uos  Igna'tia-  (ig-na'she-a). 
The  systematic  name  for  the  tree  which 
yields  Ignatia,  which  see. 

StrycEi'nos  Mix  Voiu'S-ea.*  The 
tree  which  yields  the  Nux  Vomica, 
which  see. 

StrycEinos  Tlewte.  See  Upas 
Tieute. 

Stuttitia,*  stul-tish'e-a.  [From 
stul' tus,  “foolish.”]  Foolishness;  folly, 
or  a certain  dulness  of  the  mind.  For- 
merly used  for  Fatuity. 

Stu'pa.*  Literally,  “ tow."  Applied 
to  tow  used  in  certain  surgical  dressings ; 
also  to  a cloth  used  in  fomentations : 
such  a cloth  is  termed  in  English  a stupe. 
A fomentation. 

Shi-pe-fa'cient.  [Stiijwfa'ciens ; 

from  stupcfa’cio,  to  “render  stupid.”] 
Having  power  to  stupefy.  Formerly  used 
in  the  same  manner  as  Narcotic,  which 

see. 

Stupor,  o'r is*  [From  stu'peo,  to 
“be  stupefied.”]  A suspension  or  di- 
minished activity  of  the  mental  faculties ; 
loss  of  sensibility. 

Stu'por  Don 'ti  11111-  (den'she-uin). 
A term  sometimes  applied  to  the  affec- 
tion of  the  teeth  when  they  are  popu- 
larly said  to  be  “ on  edge." 

Stut'ter-ins'.  Nearly  the  samo  as 
stammering,  but  in  a more  aggravated 
form. 

Sty,  or  Stye.  A disease  of  the  eye- 
lids. See  Hordeolum. 

Sty'Iate.  [Styla'tus;  from  sty'lus, 
a “ style.”]  Having  a style. 

Style.  [Sty'Ius,  a “ style."  an 
instrument  which  the  ancients  used  in 
writing.]  The  columnar  or  slender  part 


STY 


SUB 


of  a pistil  above  the  ovary ; also,  a sur- 
geon’s 'probe. 

Stylet,  st^'liP.  The  French  name 
for  Probe,  which  see. 

Stylidiacese,*  sti-lid-e-a'she-e. 
[From  Stylid'ium , one  of  the  genera.]  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous,  herbaceous 
plants,  natives  of  Australia. 

Sfy-flif'er-ous.  [Stylif 'erus ; from 
sty'lus,  a “ style,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  styles,  or  a style.  Applied  to 
flowers. 

Sty'lbfonn.  [Stylifor'mis;  from 
sty'lus , a “ style,”  or  “ bodkin.”]  Re- 
sembling a style  or  bodkin;  style-shaped. 

Sfy-lis'cus.*  [From  sty'lus , a “ style,” 
or  “bodkin.”]  A tent  in  form  of  a bod- 
kin. 

Sty'lo-<Glos'sus.*  [From  yXcScnra,  a 
“tongue.”]  A muscle  arising  from  the 
styloid  process  and  the  stylo-maxillary 
ligament,  and  inserted  into  the  root  of 
the  tongue.  It  moves  the  tongue  late- 
rally and  backwards. 

Sty'lo-My'al.  [Stylobya'lis;  from 
styloi'des,  and  hyoi'des,  “ hyoid.”]  Ap- 
plied by  Owen  to  the  homologues  of  the 
styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone. 

Sty  lo-BIy  oi<l.  [Sty'lo-IIyoi'- 
deus.]  Applied  to  a ligament  connect- 
ing the  styloid  process  with  the  hyoid 
bone  : also  to  a muscle.  See  next  article. 

Siy'lo-SIy-o-i'de-us.*  A muscle  aris- 
ing from  the  styloid  process  and  inserted 
into  the  os  hy aides,  which  it  raises. 

Styloid.  [Styloi'des;  from  sty'lus , 
a “style,”  and  e Ido;,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a style,  or  bodkin:  styliform. 
Applied  to  a process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  etc. 

Stylo-Mast'oid.  [Stylo-Mastoi'- 
deus.]  The  designation  of  a foramen 
situated  between  the  styloid  and  mastoid 
processes,  through  which  the  portio  dura 
of  the  seventh  pair  of  nerves  passes; 
also,  of  an  artery  which  enters  that  fora- 
men. 

Sty'Io-I*bar-yo-£e'us.*  A muscle 
arising  from  the  styloid  process  and  in- 
serted into  the  pharynx  and  back  part 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the 
pharynx  and  draws  up  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

Sty-lo-2>o'cla-um.*  [From  ctv\o;,  a 
“style,”  and  ttovs,  wx5o?,  a “foot.”]  An 
enlargement  or  fleshy  disk  at  the  base 
of  a style,  as  in  the  Umbelliferse. 

Stylus.*  [Gr.  <ttv\os,  a “column,”  or 
“style.”]  A surgeon’s  probe.  Also  ap- 
plied to  the  filament  of  the  halteres  of 
the  Diptera.  See  Style. 


Sty-ma-to'sis,*  or  Sta-ma-to'sis.* 

[From  arvio,  to  “ erect.”]  Violent  erection 
of  the  penis,  with  bloody  discharge. 

Styp'sis.*  [See  next  article.]  Astric- 
tion,  or  constipation. 

Siyp'tic.  [Slyp'ticus;  from  <xrv</>a>, 
to  “contract,”  to  “be  astringent.”] 
Having  the  power  of  stopping  haemor- 
rhages through  an  astringent  quality; 
haemostatic. 

Sty  racacese,  * stir-a-ka'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  trees  and 
shrubs,  found  in  the  tropical  or  subtropi- 
cal regions  of  Asia  and  America.  It  in- 
cludes Sty' rax,  from  which  fragrant  gum 
resins  called  Storax  and  Benzoin  are 
procured. 

Sty'rax,  a '«’«.*  A Linnaean  genus 
of  the  class  Dccandria,  natural  order 
Styracaccse.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  prepared  juice 
of  Liquidam'bar  Orienta'le.  It  is  a 
stimulating  expectorant. 

Sty'rax  Ben  zoin.*  The  tree  which 
affords  benzoin.  See  Benzoinum. 

Sty'rax  Of-fi$-i-na'lis.*  The  tree 
which  affords  the  balsam  styrax,  or  sto- 
rax. 

Suit.  [Gr.  vn6,  “under.”]  A Latin 
preposition  signifying  “under,”  “be- 
neath,” or  “ from  beneath.”  Before  the 
consonants  e,/,  m,p,  and  r,  the  b is  usually 
clanged  to  the  corresponding  letter:  thus, 
we  have  succumb  for  subcumb,  suffuse  for 
sul/use,  support  for  subport,  etc.  Sub,  as 
a prefix  to  many  English  words,  denotes 
deficiency  or  an  inferior  degree;  as,  sub- 
acid, sH&carbonate,  etc. 

Sub-a-^e'tas  Cu'pri.*  (“Subacetate 
of  Copper.”)  See  Verdigris,  and  Cupri 
Subacetas. 

Sub-car'bo-uate.  [Subcarbo'nas, 

a'ft*.]  A combination  of  carbonic  acid 
with  a base,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  the  latter. 

Subear'bonate  of  Am-mo'ni-a,  or 
far  bo-nate  of  Ammo  nia.  A white, 
translucent  salt,  with  a pungent  odor, 
sometimes  called  smelling  salts,  or  salts 
of  hartshorn. 

Sub-ela'vi-an.  [Subela'vius,  or 
Subclavia'nus;  from  sub,  “under,”  or 
“beneath,”  and  cla'vis,  the  “clavicle.”] 
(Fr.  Sous- clavi ere,  soo'kl&'ve-eR'.)  The 
designation  of  an  artery  situated  under 
the  clavicle.  The  right  arises  from  the 
arteria  innominata,  the  left  separates  from 
the  aorta  at  the  termination  of  its  arch. 

Sub-ela'vi-us.*  [From  the  same.]  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  cartilage  of  the 
first  rib  and  inserted  into  the  lower  sur- 
533 


SUB 


SUB 


face  of  the  clavicle.  It  brings  the  clavicle 
and  shoulder  forwards  and  backwards. 

Sub-cor'date.  [From  sub , “ under,* 
and  cor,  cor'dis,  a “ heart.”]  Slightly 
heart-shaped. 

Sub-cu-ta'ne-ous.  [Subcnta'ne- 

us;  from  sub,  “ under/’  and  cu'tis,  the 
“skin.”]  Situated  just  under  the  skin. 

Su'ber-ate.  [Su'beras,  a'^'s.]  A 
combination  of  suberic  acid  with  a base. 

Su-ber'ic.  [Suber'icus;  from  su'- 
ber,  “cork.”]  Belonging  to  cork.  Ap- 
plied to  an  acid  obtained  by  the  action 
of  nitric  acid  on  cork. 

Su'be-rin.  [Suberi'iia.]  A name 
given  to  the  cellular  tissue  of  cork  after 
the  various  soluble  matters  have  been 
removed  by  the  action  of  water  and 
alcohol. 

Su-be-rose',  or  Su'ber-ous.  [Su- 
bero'sus;  from  su’ber,  “cork.”]  Corky  ; 
of  the  nature  of  cork. 

Sub  fin.  coct.  = Sub  fl’nem  cod  io’ nis* 
“When  the  boiling  is  nearly  finished.” 

Subject.  [From  subjic'io,  subjec' turn, 
to  “cast  or  place  under.”]  Something 
placed  under  one’s  notice  for  examina- 
tion or  study.  In  Anatomy,  a body  for 
dissection. 

Sub-jec'tive.  [Subjecti'vus;  from 
the  same.]  Literally,  “placed  under,” 
or  within  [the  mind].  Applied  to  sensa- 
tions, thoughts,  etc.,  which  arise  from 
within  ourselves,  and  are  not  dependent 
on,  or  directly  caused  by,  external  im- 
pressions. (See  Objective.)  Also  ap- 
plied to  symptoms  of  disease  noticed  by 
the  patient  himself. 

Sub-li-ga'men,  inis*  [From  sub'- 
ligo,  to  “under-bind.”]  That  which  is 
applied  to  overcome  a hernia;  a kind  of 
truss. 

Sub'll-mate.  [Sublima'tum.]  The 

product  of  sublimation. 

Sublimate,  Corrosive.  See  IIy- 
DRARGYRI  CHLORIDUM  CORROSIVUM. 

Sub-li-ina'tion.  [Sublima'tio, 

O 'nis ; from  subli'mo,  sublima’tum,  to 
“raise  up,”  or  “sublimate.”]  The  pro- 
cess by  which  solid  substances  are  vola- 
tilized or  raised  by  heat  and  again  con- 
densed, the  product  being  called  a subli- 
mate when  concreted  in  a hard  mass ; and 
flowers,  when  feathery,  or  powder-like. 

Sublimed  Sulphur.  See  Sulphur 
SUBLIMATUM. 

Sub-li'mis.*  (“Superficial  [Mus- 
cle].”) A designation  of  the  flex’ or  digi- 
to’rum  commu’nis  muscle,  from  its  being 
more  superficial  than  the  flexor  profundus. 

Sub-lin  gual.  [From  sub,  “under,” 

534 


and  lin’gua,  the  “tongue.”]  Applied  to  a 
gland  situated  beneath  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  floor  of  the  mouth  on  each 
side  of  the  fr sen  urn  ling use. 

Sub-lux-a/tion.  " [Subluxa'tio, 
o’ nis;  from  sub,  “under,”  “in  an  inferior 
degree,”  and  lux’ o,  luxa'tum,  to  “put  out 
of  joint.”]  A sprain,  or  partial  disloca- 
tion. 

Sub-max'il-la-ry.  [From  sub,  “un- 
der,” and  maxil'la,  a “jaw.”]  Applied 
to  a gland  situated  on  the  inner  side  of 
the  ramus  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  a 
ganglion  which  occurs  on  a level  with 
the  submaxillary  gland. 

Sub-men  tal.  [Submenta'lis;  from 
sub,  “under,”  and  men’ turn,  the  “chin.”] 
Applied  to  an  artery  running  beneath 
the  chin. 

Sub-merged'.  The  same  as  Sub- 
mersed, which  see. 

Sub-mersed'.  [Submer'sus;  from 
sub,  “under,”  and  mer’go,  mer’ sum,  to 
“plunge.”]  Growing  under  the  water. 
Applied  to  plants. 

Sub-mer  saon.  [Submer'sio, o ’nis; 
from  the  same.]  Drowning;  one  of  the 
causes  producing  Asphyxia  Suffoca- 
tiqnis,  which  see. 

Sub-111  u'ri-ate.  [Submu'rias, 

a'ft’*.]  A combination  of  muriatic  (or 
hydrochloric)  acid  with  a base,  having  a 
deficiency  of  the  acid. 

Sub-o-per'cu-lar.  [Subopercu- 

la'ris;  from  suboper’culum.]  Applied  by 
Owen  to  that  one  of  the  four  opercular 
bones  which  is  below  the  interopercular 
and  preopercular. 

Sub-o-per'cu-lum.**  [From  sub, 
“under,”  and  oper’culum,  a “lid.”]  A 
bony  formation  with  which  the  opercu- 
lum and  interoperculum  compose  a sort 
of  lid  for  the  gills  of  fishes. 

Sub-or'bi-tar.  [Suborbita'rius; 
from  sub,  “under,”  and  or’bita,  the  “or- 
bit.”] Situated  under  the  orbital*  cavity 
of  the  eye. 

Sub-Or'ders.  The  highest  divisions 
of  natural  orders,  when  marked  by  cha- 
racters of  such  importance  that  it  might 
fairly  be  questioned  whether  they  ought 
not  to  be  received  as  independent  orders. 

Sub-pla-een'ta.*  A name  for  the 
Decidua  Vera,  which  see. 

Sub-Salt.  Originally,  a salt  which 
contained  an  excess  of  base.  This  term 
now  relates  to  atomic  composition,  a true 
subsalt  being  that  in  which  there  is  less 
than  one  atom  of  acid  to  each  atom  of 
base. 

Sub-scap'u-lar.  [Subsvapula'ris; 


SUB 


sue 


from  sub,  “ under,”  or  “ beneath,”  and 
scap'ula,  the  “shoulder-blade.”]  Be- 
neath the  scapula,  or  shoulder-blade. 
Applied  to  a muscle. 

Sub-scap-u-la'ris.*  (“  Subscapular 
[Muscle].”)  A muscle  arising  from  all 
the  internal  surface  of  the  scapula,  and 
inserted  into  the  humerus.  It  pulls  the 
arm  backwards  and  downwards. 

Snb-si'dence.  [Subside© 'tia;  from 
subsi'do,  to  “settle,”  or  “sink  down.”] 
Applied  to  the  sediment  of  the  urine,  etc. 
See  Hypostasis. 

Subspecies,*  sub-spe'shez.  In  Bo- 
tany, a marked  and  permanent  variety. 

Substantia,*  sub-stan'shc-a.  [From 
sub'sto , to  “subsist,”  to  “have  a firm  or 
permanent  existence.”]  A substance  or 
body. 

Sij  bstan  'iia  Fer-rn-gi©  'e-a.* 

(“Ferruginous  Substance.”)  A substance 
found  in  the  rhomboid  fossa  of  the  brain. 

Substan  tia  Ni'gra.:  (“Black  Sub- 
stance.”) A dark-colored  substance  found 
near  the  corpora  albicantia,  in  what  are 
termed  the  “peduncles  of  the  brain.” 

Sub  stan-tMve.  [Subs tan ti  vus  ; 
from  substan'tia,  a “ substance,”  “that 
which  subsists,”  or  stands  by  itself.] 
Applied  to  those  coloring  matters  which 
have  a strong  attraction  for  cloth  with- 
out the  aid  of  a mordant. 

Sub-sti-tu'tie©.  [Substitu'ti©, 
©'ms/  from  substit'uo , substitu'tum,  to 
“put  in  the  place  of  another.”]  A term 
applied  to  those  effects  of  chemical  affi- 
nity which  depend  on  the  replacement 
of  certain  proportions  of  one  body  by 
the  same  proportions  of  another  body. 

Sub-sul'tus.*  [From  subsil'io,  sub- 
sul'tum , to  “leap  or  start  slightly.”]  A 
start,  or  twitching. 

Subsul'tus Ten'<li-©um.*  (“Start- 
ing. or  Leaping,  of  the  Tendons.”)  Con- 
vulsive twitehings  of  the  tendons  of  the 
hands  or  feet,  common  in  low  nervous 
and  typhus  fevers. 

Sub- tense'.  [Subte©'sa;  from 

sub,  “under,”  and  ten’ do,  ten’ sum,  to 
“stretch,”  or  “extend.”]  A right  line 
connecting  the  extremities  of  an  arc;  a 
chord  of  an  arc. 

Sub-ter-ra/ne-au.  [Subtena'ne- 

us;  from  sub,  “under,”  and  terfra,  the 
“ earth.”]  In  Botany,  growing  beneath 
the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Sub-tifi-i-f©'li-us.*  [From  subti’lis, 
“fine,”  or  “slender,”  and  f o'  Hum,  a 
“leaf.”]  Having  linear  leaves  or  foli- 
oles:  subtilifo'Iious. 

Sub-u'ber-es.*  [From  sub,  “under,” 


or  “at,”  and  u’bcr,  the  “ pap,”  or  “ udder.”] 
Literally,  “those  under  or  at  the  breast.” 
A term  applied  to  children  not  yet 
weaned. 

Sub'u-late.  [Subula'tus;  fromsuZ/- 
ula,  an  “awl.”]  Awl-shaped:  narrow 
and  tapering  to  a rigid  point,  as  the 
leaves  of  the  Juniper,  etc. 

Sub-u-lif'er-ous.  [Subulif  'crus; 
from  sub'ula,  an  “awl,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  objects  like  awls. 

Sub-u-Ii-fo'lI-us.*  [From  sub'ula, 
an  “awl,”  and  f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing subulate  leaves : subulifo'lious. 

Sub'u-lI-fornB.  [Subul  if©r 'mis.] 

The  same  as  Subulate,  which  see. 

Snc-^e-da'iie-um.*  [Fr<  m succe'do , 
to  “follow,”  or  “come  in  place  of.”]  A 
substitute.  Applied  to  medicines,  etc. 

Suc'^i,*  the  plural  of  Succus,  which 
see. 

Succi©.  See  Succinum. 

S»cX*i-iiate.  [Sue'cinas,  a'fis.]  A 
combination  of  succinic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Suc-^in'ic.  [Succiiifeus;  from 
8uc'cinum,  “amber.”]  Belonging  to  am- 
ber. Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

SucX*i-num.*  [Froms«c'cns,  “juice.”] 
(Fr.  Snccin,  suk'saNc',  or  Ambre,  owbR.) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  for  Amber, 
which  see. 

Suc-^iv'o-rous.  [Succi  v'©rus ; 

from  suc'c-u8,  “juice,”  and  vo'ro,  to  “de- 
vour.”] Feeding  on  juice.  Applied  to 
certain  insects. 

Suc-c«se'.  The  same  as  Succulent, 
which  see. 

Site  eu-lfous.  [From  sub , “under,” 
and  cu'bo,  to  “lie.”]  Applied  to  leaves 
w hen  the  apex  of  each  leaf  is  covered  by 
the  base  of  the  next,  as  in  Juugermminia. 

Sue'cn-lent.  [Sue '<*11  lens,  or  Suc- 
culeu'tus;  from  sue'eus,  “juice.”] 
Juicy;  full  of  juice. 

Sue'eus,*  plural  Suc'^i.  [From  su'go , 
suc'tum,  to  “suck.”]  The  juice  of  fruits, 
plants,  roots,  etc.;  sap.  Also  applied  to 
certain  animal  fluids.  The  term  succus  is 
used  by  the  British  Pharmacopoeia  for  the 
juices  of  certain  plants  used  in  medicine: 
as,  Suc'cus  coni'i  (“juice  of  conium”), 
Sue' cus  tarax'aci  (“juice  of  taraxacum”), 
etc. 

Succus  Gastricus.  See  Gastric 
Juice. 

Suc-cus'sicm.  [Succus'si©,  © 'nis ; 
from  succu'tio,  succus' sum,  to  “shake.”] 
Giying  the  trunk  slight  but  sudden 
shakes,  in  order  to  produce  fluctuation 
of  a liquid  suspected  to  exist  within  the 
535 


sue 


SUG 


chest  or  ,•  bdomen,  and  so  to  ascertain 
its  presence  and  quantity. 

Suck'er.  [Sur'culus,  a “ shoot,”  or 
“scion.”]  In  Botany,  a branch  of  sub- 
terranean origin,  which,  after  running 
horizontally  and  emitting  roots  in  its 
course,  at  length  rises  out  of  the  ground 
and  forms  an  erect  stem. 

Suc'tion.  [Suc'ti©,  © 'nis;  from 
su'go,  8uc'tum,  to  “suck.”]  The  act  of 
sucking.  Applied  to  the  process  of  rais- 
ing water  or  other  liquids  in  a tube  by 
forming  a partial  vacuum,  into  which  the 
liquid  is  forced  by  the  pressure  of  the 
atmosphere. 

Swc-to'rl-a.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
third  class  of  the  Diploneura  or  Helmin- 
ihoida,  comprising  the  Enfozoa  and  other 
similar  helminthoid  animals,  which  have 
their  mouth  adapted  for  sucking. 

^wc-to'ri-ous.  [Saieto'rins;  from 
the  same.]  Having  the  power  of  sucking. 

^u-da'men,  inis*  plural  Sw-dam'i- 
sia  [from  su'do,  suda'tiim,  to  “sweat”]; 
also  termed  Pa-pil'lae  Sii-clo-ra'le&.& 
(“  Sweat-Pimples.”)  Y esicles  like  millet- 
seeds,  appearing  in  numbers,  suddenly 
and  unattended  by  fever,  after  great 
sweating  from  hard  labor. 

Su-dam'I-aia,*  the  plural  of  Suda- 
men,  which  see. 

Su-cla'ri-MEEi.*  [From  the  same.] 
Synonymous  with  Sudatorium. 

Su><la'ti©2B.  [$u<9a'tio,  o'nis;  from 
the  same.]  A sweating. 

Su-cla-to'ra-a.*  [From  the  same.] 
A morbid  sweating.  The  same  as  Ephi- 
drosis,  which  see. 

Siwla-to'ra-mfii.*  [From  the  same.] 
A sweating-bath,  or  sweating-room. 

Sti'dia-to-ry.  [SuMlato'rinas;  from 
the  same.]  Belonging  to  perspiration, 
or  sweat. 

Su'<il©r,  © ’ns.*  [From  ukop,  “ water,” 
or  “moisture.”]  (Fr.  Sueur,  sii'uit'.) 
Sweat,  or  sensible  perspiration;  a sweat- 
ing; diaphoresis. 

Sudor  Ainglicanus  or  Angliciis. 

See  Anglicus  Sudor. 

SiHlo-ra'lis.;:‘  Pertaining  to  sudor, 
or  sweat. 

Su-do-raf  'er-©us.  [SMalorif'erns ; 

from  sid dor,  “sweat,”  and  fc'ro , to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  sweat;  serving  to 
carry  off  sweat. 

Sai-do-rif  ic.  [SiMlorif  iotas ; from 
Bid  dor,  “ sweat,”  and  fa'cio,  to  “make.”] 
Inducing  or  causing  sweat;  diaphoretic. 

Su-alo-rap'a-roiiM.  [Stidorip'ariiH : 

from  Hu'dor,  “sweat,”  and  pu'rio,  to 
“produce.”]  Producing,  cr  secreting, 
536 


sweat.  Applied  to  certain  glands.  See 
next  article. 

Sndorip'arous  Gland.  [Glati- 
dula  Sudorip'ara,  plural  Glau 'du- 
lse Sudorip'arse.]  A sweat-gland,  con- 
sisting of  a minute  tube  coiled  up  in  a 
globular  form,  situated  in  the  subcuta- 
neous areolar  tissue. 

Swet.  See  Sevum. 

Suear.  See  Sudor. 

t- f I -men  tu m,  - plural  Suf-fi- 
mem'ta.  [From  sufjio,  to  “perfume.”] 
A perfume  of  any  pleasant  kind  that  is 
burned  or  smoked ; a suf'fiment. 

SauiFoea'ti©  (suf-fo-ka'she-o)  Hys- 
§uffoca'tio  l-te-rina. 
The  globus  hystericus : hysterical  or  ute- 
rine suffocation. 

§uf-f©-ca/ti©n.  [Soififoea/ti©,  o' nis; 
from  suffo’co,  suffoca'tum,  to  “^choke,”  or 
“stop  the  breath.”]  (Fr.  Etouffement, 
^'toof'moN®'.)  The  act  of  suffocating; 
death  or  suspended  animation  from  pri- 
vation of  breath;  cessation  or  stoppage 
of  the  breath. 

Suf-frn-tes'^ent.  [Suffrutes'cens.] 

Slightly  shrubby ; woody  at  the  base  only. 

Suf'fru-tex.*  [From  sub,  “under,” 
and  fru'tex,  a “ shrub.”]  An  under- 
shrub ; a woody  plant  of  low  stature. 

Suf-fniti-cose.  [SnflVutico'siis; 
from  suf'frutex,  an  “undershrub.”] 
Somewhat  woody;  low  and  shrubby,  as 
an  undershrub. 

[SutfFttmttig’a'- 

ti o, o'nis;  from  sub,  “under,”  “ beneath,” 
and  fu'migo,  fumiga'tum,  to  “make  a 
smoke,”  to  “fumigate.”]  Literally,  a 
“fumigation  from  beneath:”  hence,  sim- 
ply, fumigation. 

Sinf-fai/si©©.  [SnftM'si©.,©'M?X;  from 

sub,  “ under,”  and  fun’ do,  fu'sum,  to 
“pour,”  to  “spread.”]  Literally,  a 
pouring  or  spreading  of  blood  under 
the  surface.  Applied  to  redness  of  the 
skin  as  the  result  of  inflammation  or  ex- 
citement, or  to  extravasation  of  some 
humor,  as  of  blood,  on  the  eye,  which  is 
then  said  to  be  bloodshot.  Applied  also  to 
cataract,  formerly  supposed  to  be  the  suf- 
fusion of  a morbid  humor  within  the  eye. 

Sttigar,  shdog'ar.  [Lot.  Sac'clfoariiiii ; 
Fr.  Sucre,  siikn.  See  Saco iia rum.]  A 
proximate  principle  of  plants,  composed 
of  carbon,  oxygen,  and  hydrogen.  Tt  is 
the  most  soluble  form  of  ternary  organi- 
zable  matter,  and  exists,  in  plants,  only 
in  solution.  It  abounds  in  growing 
parts,  in  many  stems  just  before  flower- 
ing, as  those  of  the  sugar-cane,  maple, 
etc.,  and  in  pulpy  fruits. 


SUG 


SUL 


Su'gar,  A^  i<l  of,  Sn'gar,  Es  sence 

of.  Names  for  Oxalic  Acid,  which  see. 

Su'gar  of  Fea«l.  The  common  name 
of  Plumbi  Acetas,  which  see. 

Su'gar  of  Milk.  A substance  com- 
monly used  by  the  homoeopathists  as  the 
vehicle  of  their  medicines.  It  is  also 
sometimes  employed  in  allopathic  medi- 
cine. See  Saccharijm  Lactis. 

8ug'gil-lat*e<l.  [Sngilla'tiis;  from 
siKjil'lo,  sugilla'tum,  to  “make  black  and 
blue.”]  Having,  or  pertaining  to,  sug- 
gillation. 

Sag’-gil-Ia'tioii.  [Sugilla'tio,o'm«; 

from  the  same.]  The  mark  left  by  a 
leech  or  cupping-glass;  also,  livid  spots 
of  various  size  noticed  on  dead  bodies. 

Su'i-cide.  [Suicid'ium;  from  sn'i, 
"of  himself,”  and  - cid’ium , a suffix  (from 
ex' do,  to  "kill,”  signifying  "slaughter,” 
or  "slaying.”]  Self-murder.  The  volun- 
tary taking  of  one’s  own  life,  often  the 
consequence  of  mental  disease. 

Suites  de  Couches,  swbt  deh  koosh. 
The  French  term  for  Lochia,  which  see. 

Sul'cate,  or  Sul'cat-ed.  [Sulca'- 
tus ; from  suVco , sulca'tum , to  "furrow.”] 
Having  deep  lines  lengthwise;  furrowed; 
grooved. 

Sul'^i,*  gen.  Sul-eo'ruio,  the  plural 
of  Sulcus,  which  see. 

Sul-cif'er-us.*  [From  svl'cus,  a 
"furrow,”  and  fe'ro,  to  "bear.”]  In 
Zoology,  bearing  or  having  grooves  or 
furrows. 

Sul'cus.*  (Fr.  Sillon,  s&'ybNG'.)  A 
groove,  furrow,  or  trench.  Applied  in 
the  plural  (sid'd)  to  grooves  on  the  sur- 
face of  bones  and  other  organs. 

Sikl'phas  Ba-ry'tae.*  ("Sulphate  of 
Baryta.”)  See  Baryta. 

Sulphas  Cal'cis.*  ("Sulphate  of 
Lime.”)  Gypsum,  or  plaster  of  Paris. 

Sulphas  Cupri.  See  Cupri  Sul- 
phas.* 

Sul'plias  Fer'ri.*  ("Sulphate  of 
Iron.”)  A salt  occurring  in  light-green 
crystals,  with  a strong  styptic  taste. 
Commonly  called  copperas,  or  green 
vitriol.  In  small  or  moderate  doses,  it 
is  astringent  and  tonic.  In  an  overdose 
it  acts  as  an  irritant  poison. 

Sul'phas  Mag-ue'si-ae.*  ("Sul- 
phate of  Magnesia.”)  See  Magnesias 
Sulphas. 

Sulphas  Sodae.  See  Soda:  Sul- 
phas. 

Sul'phate.  [Sul'phas,  a ’tis.]  A 
combination  of  sulphuric  acid  with  abase. 

Sulphate  of  Alumina  and  Am- 
monia. See  Alumen. 

46 


Sulphate  of  Alumina  and  Po- 

tassa.  See  Alumen. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia.  See  Mag- 
nesias Sulphas. 

Sul'phate  of  Nick'el.  [Nic'coli 
Sul'phas.]  A salt  which  is  recom- 
mended as  a tonic  in  cases  of  obstinate 
periodic  headache.  It  occurs  in  emerald- 
green  crystals. 

Sulphate  of  Quinia  (or  Quinine). 

See  Quinia;  Sulphas. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Sul- 
phas. 

Sul’phat-ed.  [Sulpha'tus.]  Con- 
verted into  salts  by  combination  with 
sulphuric  acid. 

SuTphide.  [Sul' phis,  i dis.]  A 
combination  of  sulphur  with  a metal  or 
other  body. 

Sulphite.  [Sul 'phis, i'fw.]  A com- 
bination of  sulphurous  acid  with  a base. 

Sfal  plio-salt.  [Sul'phosol,  al/‘s.] 
A com*pour.d,  both  elements  of  which 
contain  sulphur,  forming  with  one  an 
acid,  with  the  other  a base. 

Sul'phur,*  gen.  Sul'phu-ris.  [From 
sal,  or  sul,  a " salt,”  and  nvp,  " fire”  ?]  (Fr. 
Sonfre,  soofn.)  Brimstone.  A yellow, 
inflammable,  non-metallic,  simple  sub- 
stance, of  volcanic  origin.  It  is  a non- 
conductor of  electricity.  Its  specific 
gravity  is  1.99.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  for  sublimed  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Flowers  of.  See  Flores 
SULPHURIS. 

Sul'phur  Fo'tum.*  ("Washed 
Sulphur.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  sublimed  sulphur  tho- 
roughly walshed  with  water. 

Sulphur,  Milk  of.  See  Sulphur 
Pra:cipitatum. 

Sulphur  Frse-cip-I-ta 'turn.* 

("Precipitated  Sulphur.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  for  a preparation  some- 
times known  as  the  Milk  of  Sulphur.  It 
possesses  the  medical  properties  of  sub- 
limed sulphur.  See  Sulphur  Sublima- 
tum. 

Sul'phur  Ro-tun'dum.*  ("Bound 
Sulphur.”)  A name  for  roll  brimstone. 

Sul'phur  Sub-Si-ma'tuiu.*  ("  Sub- 
limed Sulphur.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  sublimed  sulphur 
which  is  wholly  volatilized  by  heat. 
Sulphur  is  a laxative,  diaphoretic,  and 
resolvent.  It  is  much  employed,  both 
internally  and  externally,  in  cutaneous 
affections,  especially  in  psora,  for  which 
it  is  regarded  as  a specific. 

Sul'pfi&u-rat-ed.  [Sulphura'tus ; 
from  sul'phur.]  Applied  to  certain  sub- 
537 


SUL 


SUP 


stances  combined  with  sulphur:  as,  sul- 
phurated antimony  (the  Antimo'nium  sul- 
phura'tum  of  the  British  Pharmacopoeia). 

S w 1 - p tnu  - r a/ 1 iosa . [$  w 1 pk « i*a ' tie>, 

o 'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  state  of  a 
simple  substance  combined  with  sulphur. 

Sul-phu're-ous.  [SulpBm'reus ; 
from  the  same.]  Belonging  to,  or  hav- 
ing the  qualities  of,  sulphur. 

Sul'plm-rot.  [Snlpfirare'tum ; 
from  the  same.]  A combination  of  sul- 
phur with  an  alkali,  earth,  or  metal. 

Sul'plm-ret-ted.  [SulpE&ure'tiis.] 
Made  into  a sulphuret,  or  combined  with 
sulphur. 

Stil'plmrelted  Hy'dro-gen.  Hy- 
dro-sulphuric acid,  a noxious  gas,  con- 
sisting of  hydrogen  and  sulphur. 

Snl-phu'ric.  [SulpEin' rictus;  from 
sul'phur.]  Relating  to  sulphur : applied 
to  an  acid  obtained  from  it.  See  next 
article. 

Sulpliu'ric  A$'id.  [A^'Mohbi  §>ul- 
plm'ricum.]  Oil  of  Vitriol.  A limpid, 
colorless,  and  caustic  fluid,  which  is 
intensely  acid  in  all  its  characters  even 
when  largely  diluted.  Anhydrous  sul- 
phuric acid  is  composed  of  one  atom  of 
sulphur  and  three  of  oxygen.  The  acid, 
as  it  usually  occurs  in  commerce,  is  a 
compound  of  one  atom  of  anhydrous  acid 
and  one  of  water.  Specific  gravity,  1.8. 

Sulphuric  Eiher.  See  Ether,  Sul- 
phuric. 

Sul-phu-rif 'er-ous.  [SulpQmirif 
erus;  from  sul’pliur,  and  fc'ro,  to 
“ bear.”]  Bearing  or  containing  sulphur. 

Sul'pliu-ris  I-od'i-dum.  * (“  Iodide 
of  Sulphur.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  a substance  of  a grayish- 
black  color,  with  a crystalline  radiated 
appearance.  Made  into  an  ointment,  it 
has  been  found  useful  in  various  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Sul-pliu-ro'sa.^  [From  sul'phur .] 
A class  of  resolvent  spanmmics,  includ- 
ing sulphur,  the  alkaline  sulphurets,  etc. 

Sul'pliu-rous.  [SuBpIlmro'sus ; 
from  sul'phur.]  Of  the  nature  of  sul- 
phur, or  containing  sulphur.  Applied 
to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

Sum.  =sSu'mo,*  to  “take,”  Sumen'- 
du8*  to  “be  taken;”  also  Kummita'tes, * 
“ the  tops.” 

Su'iuach.  A dye-stuff  obtained  from 
the  Rhus  coriaria  and  Rhus  cotinus.  In 
calico-printing,  sumach  affords  a yellow 
color.  See  Rnrs  Glabra. 

Num'bul  Root.  [Arabic  Sumbul,  an 
“ear,”  or  “spike.”]  A drug  recently 
imported  from  Russia  and  India,  and 
533 


employed  as  a remedy  for  cholera.  Its 
botanical  origin  is  unknown. 

Sum  mer  Corn-plaint'.  A popular 
name  for  diarrhoea  (or  cholera)  infantum. 

Sum'inl-tas,*  plural  Sum-mi-ta'- 
tes.  [From  sum'mus , “highest.”]  A 
term  for  the  highest  part,  or  top:  e.g.  of 
a plant. 

Sun-Burning1.  See  ^Estates. 

Sun-Stroke.  See  Coup  de  Soleil. 

Sti'per.  [Gr.  virip,  “above.”]  A 
Latin  preposition,  signifying  “ above,” 
“upon,”  “beyond,”  “in  addition  to,”  or 
“more  than.” 

Su-per'bras.*  A Latin  word  signi- 
fying “proud.”  Sometimes  applied  tc 
two  muscles,  the  levator  menti  and  rectus 
superior,  from  the  expression  of  pride 
which  their  action  imparts.  See  Rectus 
Superior  Oculi. 

Su-per-ciS  l-a-ry.  [Supercilia'- 
ras.]  Belonging  to  the  superciiium. 

Su-per-cil'I-uim.*  [From  su'per , 
“above,”  and  cil'ium , the  “eyelid.”] 
(Fr.  Sourcil,  soor's6'.)  The  eyebrow. 

Su-per-fe-cun-tla'tion.  [Super- 
foecunda'tio,  o 'nis;  from  su'per, 
“over,”  and  foecun'dus,  “fruitful.”]  The 
same  as  Superfetation,  which  see. 

Sw-per-fe-ta'tion.  [Superfoeta'- 
tio,  o 'nis;  from  su'per , “ over,”  “ in  addi- 
tion to,”  and  foe'tus.~]  A second  impreg- 
nation taking  place  before  the  first  has 
run  its  course;  while  generally  denied 
by  obstetricians,  the  possibility  of  its  oc- 
currence is  maintained  by  many  physi- 
ologists. 

Su-per-im-preg-iBa'tiom.  [Su- 
perimpregma'tio,  o 'nis;  from  su'per f 
“ over,”  or  “ in  addition  to,”  and  impveg- 
na'tio,  a “conception.”]  The  same  as 
Superfetation,  which  see. 

Su-po'ri-or.*  [Comparative  degree 
of  su'perus,  “upper,”  “high.”]  A term 
sometimes  applied  to  a calyx  which  is 
adherent  or  adnate  to  the  ovary;  also  to 
the  ovary  when  it  is  free  or  not  adherent. 

SmperBor  Areli,  or  Superior  Ver- 
tebral Arch.  Sec  Vertebral  Arch. 

Supe'rior  Au'ris.*  (“  Upper  [Mus- 
cle] of  the  Ear.”)  A muscle  of  the  ex- 
ternal ear,  arising  from  the  aponeurosis 
of  the  occipito-froutalis  and  inserted  into 
the  back  part  of  the  anthelix.  It  lifts 
the  ear  upwards. 

Su-per-na'tarat.  [Superna'tams; 

from  su’per,  “above,”  and  na'to,  to 
“swim.”]  Floating  above  or  upon  the 
surface. 

Su'per-s&lt.  [Su'porsal,  al/s.]  A 

salt  having  the  acid  in  excess. 


SUP 


SUR 


Sn-pi-na'tion.  [Supina'tao,  o'nis; 
from  supi'no,  supina'tum , to  ‘May  or 
place  with  the  face  upwards/’]  The  act 
of  turning  the  palm  of  the  hand  upwards. 
In  Pathology,  the  position  of  a person 
lying  on  his  back  with  the  arms  and  legs 
extended. 

Su-pi-na't©r,  o'r ?«.*  [From  the 
same.]  Applied  to  a muscle  that  turns 
the  palm  of  the  hand  upwards. 

$u-pine'.  [Supi'ims,  “lying  on 
the  back,”  “idle.”]  In  Botany,  lying 
flat,  with  face  upwards. 

Sup'ple-ment.  [Supplemen'- 
taaan ; from  sup'pleo , to  “ till  up,”  to 
“supply”  any  thing  that  is  deficient.] 
Literally,  the  “ supplying”  of  any  thing. 
The  supplement  of  an  arc  or  angle  is  that 
which  must  be  added  to  it  in  order  to 
make  a semicircle,  or  180°. 

Sup-pos'I-to-ry.  [Supposito'- 
rium;  from  sub , “under,”  and  po'tio, 
pos'itum,  to  “place.”]  A substance  put 
in  the  rectum  to  be  retained  there  till 
gradually  dissolved. 

Snappressi©  Mensium,*  sup- 
presh'e-o  men'she-um.  (“Suppression 
of  the  Menses.”)  See  Amenorriicea, 
and  Menostasia. 

$up-pi*es'si©n.  [Sinppres'sio, 

o'nis;  from  sup' primo,  suppres'  sum,  to 
“press  under,”  to  “put  a stop  to.”]  Com- 
plete stoppage,  or  non- secretion.  In 
B itany,  an  obliteration  of  organs  or  parts. 

Kuppurant.  See  Suppurative. 

Snp'pn-rate.  [Suppu'ro,  Sup- 
pura'tuiiii;  from  sub,  “under,”  or  “be- 
neath,” and  pus,  pu'ris,  “matter.”]  To 
form  matter  beneath  the  skin  or  within 
the  body ; to  fester. 

Siap-pu-ra't£©n.  [Suppura'tio, 
o'nis;  from  the  same.]  One  of  the  ter- 
minations of  inflammation  by  which  pus 
is  formed;  a gathering  of  matter;  a 
festering. 

Sup'pu-ra-tflves.  [From  the  same.] 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration ; 
a variety  of  cpispastics,  producing  phleg- 
monous inflammation. 

Su'pra.  A Latin  preposition,  signi- 
fying “ above,”  “ superior  to.” 

Su'pra-Ax'il-Ba-ry.  [From  su'pra, 
“above,”  and  axil' la,  an  “armpit,”  or 
“ axil.”]  Above  the  axil  of  a leaf. 

Su-pra-c©s-ta'les.*  [From  su'pra, 
“above,”  and  cos'ta,  a “rib.”]  A desig- 
nation of  the  levatores  costarum  muscles, 
from  their  lying  above  or  upon  the  ribs. 

Su-pra-de-c©BM-p©Minid'.  Several 
times  compounded.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Su'pra- J u-ras'sic.  [Supra- Juras'- 


siens;  from  su'pra,  “above,”  and  Ju - 
r as' sic.]  Applied  to  a group  of  sedi- 
mentary rocks,  comprehending  the  supe- 
rior Jurassic. 

Su'pra-©c-<‘ip'5-tal.  [Supraoc- 
cipita'liN;  from  su'pra,  “above,”  and 
occipita'lis  os,  the  “occipital  bone.”] 
Proposed  by  Owen  for  the  large  upper 
part  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Su-pra-©r  bi-tal.  [Supraorbi  ta- 
ils, and  Supraorbita'rlus ; from  su'- 
pra, “above,”  and  or’bita,  the  “orbit.”] 
Above  the  orbit : supra-orbitary. 

Su-pra-re'nal.  [SispraroiaaTis ; 
from  su'pra,  “ above,”  and  ren,  the 
“kidney.”]  Above  the  kidney. 

Su-pra-scap'u-Iar.  [Suprascap- 
u laris;  from  su'pra,  “above,”  and 
scaj/ida.]  Above  the  scapula,  or  shoul- 
der-blade. 

Su-pra-spii'nal.  [Stipraspina'lis, 

or  Supraspina'tus;  from  su'pra , 
“above,”  and  spi'ua,  a “spine.”]  Above 
or  upon  the  spine  of  the  back ; also, 
above  the  spine  of  the  scapula.  Applied 
to  a muscle  arising  from  above  the  spine 
of  the  scapula  and  inserted  into  the 
humerus.  It  raises  the  arm. 

Su'ra/  The  calf  of  the  leg,  consist- 
ing principally  of  the  sole' us  and  yastro- 
cne'mius  muscles. 

Sur'cudose.  [From  sur'culus,  a 
“ sucker.”]  Producing  suckers. 

Sur'cu-lus.*  A Latin  word  signify- 
ing a “ shoot,”  or  “ scion.”  In  Botany, 
synonymous  with  Sucker,  which  see. 

Sur'di-ty.  [Sur'ditas,  a 'tis;  from 
sur'clus,  “ deaf.”]  Deafness ; dulness  of 
hearing. 

Siir-do-mu'ti-tas,  a' tis*  [From 
sur'dus,  “deaf,”  and  mu' his,  “dumb.”] 
The  state  of  deafness  and  dumbness. 

Sur'dus.*  (Fr.  Sourd,  soor.)  A 
Latin  word  signifying  “ deaf.”  Applied 
both  to  those  who  are  entirely  destitute 
of  the  sense  of  hearing,  and  to  those 
whose  hearing  is  imperfect. 

Sureati,  sii'ro'.  The  French  name 
for  “elder.”  See  Sambucus. 

Sur'feit,  sur'fit.  [From  the  French 
surfaire,  to  “overdo.”]  Excess  of  food 
or  drink,  generally  attended  with  a sense 
of  nausea,  oppression  of  the  stomach, 
with  impeded  perspiration,  and  some- 
times eruptions  on  the  skin. 

Stir'g,eosi.  [Lat.  CMrur'g'iis ; Gr. 
Xcipovpydg,  from  X^P,  the  “ hand,”  and 
epyov,  a “work;”  Fr.  Chirurgien,  sh£’- 
riiR'zhe-aNG'.)  A practitioner  in  surgery. 

Sur  geon  - A-potli'e-ca-ry.  One 
who  unites  the  practice  of  surgery  with 
539 


SUR 


SUT 


t&at  of  the  apothecary.  See  General 
Practitioner. 

Sur'g,e©aa-l>en/tist,  or  Dem'tist 
Prop'er  [from  dens,  den'tis,  a “tooth”]. 
One  who  performs  operations  on  the 
natural  teeth.  Used  in  contradistinction 
to  a mechanical  dentist,  who  prepares  or 
adapts  artificial  teeth. 

$ua*'g,e-ry.  [Lat.  CBiiirto»'g,ia ; Gr. 
Xupo’pyia,  from  x^P,  the  “hand,”  and 
epyov,  a “ work.”]  That  branch  of  the 
healing  art  which  teaches  the  proper  use 
of  manual  operations  for  the  preserva- 
tion or  restoration  of  health,  including 
such  general  medicinal  and  dietetic 
treatment  as  the  proper  performance  of 
Such  operations  may  render  necessary. 

Snr'gl-cal.  [C&iarur'gicns;  from 
the  same.]  Relating  to  surgery. 

Siis,*  gen.  Su'is.  [Gr.  rv.]  The  hog. 
A genus  of  animals  of  the  class  Mamma- 
lia, order  Pachi/dermata. 

Sus  Scro'fa.*  The  systematic  name 
of  the  hog,  the  fat  of  which  affords  lard. 

g ns-cep-ti-Ml'i-ty^  [From  suscip'io, 
suscep'tum,  to  “receive,”  or  “undergo.”] 
Sensibility ; impressibility. 

Suspended  Animation.  See  As- 
phyxia. 

Sus-pen'sion.  [Suspen'sio,  o'nis,; 
from  su8pen' do,  suspen'sum,  to  “hang 
up.”]  The  state  of  solid  particles  that 
are  diffused  in  water,  or  other  solvent, 
but  are  not  dissolved,  and  may  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  solvent  by  filtration.  Also, 
hanging;  one  of  the  causes  producing 
Asphyxia  Suffocationis,  which  see. 

Sns-pen-so'rl-um  Mep'actis.* 
(“  Suspensory  of  the  Liver.”)  The  broad 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

Sus-pen-so'ri-us  TTes'tis.*  (“  Sus- 
pensory [Muscle]  of  the  Testicle.”) 
Another  name  for  the  Cremaster  mus- 
cle, which  see. 

Siis-pen'so-ry.  [Suspense 'ranis ; 

from  suspen' do,  suspen'sum,  to  “ hang 
up.”]  Suspending. 

Suspen'sory.  [Suspeuso'rium ; 
from  the  same.]  Literally,  “any  thing 
that  suspends.”  Usually  applied  to  a 
suspensory  bag,  or  bandage,  for  support- 
ing the  scrotum,  that  the  weight  of  the 
testicles  may  not  draw  on  the  spermatic 
cord. 

Sus-pir'X-um.*  [From  suspi'ro , to 
“ breathe  deeply,”  to  “sigh.”]  A Latin 
word  signifying  a “deep,  short,  or 
labored  breathing;”  a “sigh.” 

Su-sur'rus.*  A whisper,  or  low 
muttering. 

Su-tu'ra.*  [From  su'o,  su'tum,  to  ! 

540  ‘ 


“ sew  together.”]  A “ suture,”  or  “ seam.” 
Applied  in  Anatomy  to  the  junction  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium  by  a serrated 
line  resembling  the  stitches  of  a seam. 
The  following  varieties  of  suture  are 
especially  deserving  of  notice: — 

1.  Sutu'ra  Denta'ta*  (“Dentate  Su- 
ture”), in  which  the  processes  are  long 
and  tooth-like,  as  in  the  interparietal 
suture  of  the  skull. 

2.  Sutu'ra  Serra'ta*  (“Serrate  Su- 
ture”), in  which  the  processes  are  small 
and  fine  like  the  teeth  of  a saw,  as  in 
the  suture  between  the  two  portions  of 
the  frontal  bone. 

3.  Sutu'ra  Limbo'sa*  (“Bordered 
Suture”),  in  which,  together  with  the 
dentuted  margins,  there  is  a degree  of 
bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one  bone  rests 
on  the  other,  as  in  the  occipito-parietal 
suture. 

The  following  are  named  according  to 
their  situation  on  the  skull : — 

1.  Sutu'ra  Corona'lis*  (“Coronal 
Suture”),  which  passes  transversely  over 
the  skull,  and  is  named  from  its  being 
situated  at  that  part  of  the  head  upon 
which  the  corona,  or  crown,  given  to  the 
conquerors  in  the  games,  was  formerly 
placed. 

2.  Sutu'ra  Sagitta'lis*  (“Sagittal 
Suture”),  which  passes  from  the  middle 
of  the  superior  margin  of  the  frontal  to 
the  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  is 
named  from  its  arrow-like  or  straight 
course.  It  is  sometimes  continued  down 
the  frontal  bone  to  the  nose:  this  part  is 
then  named  the  frontal  suture. 

3.  Sutu'ra  L ambroid a'lis*  (“Lamb- 
doidal  Suture”),  which  begins  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  sagittal  suture  and  ex- 
tends on  each  side  to  the  base  of  the 
cranium : it  is  named  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  Greek  A (lambda). 

4.  Sutu'ra  Squamo'sa*  (“Squamous 
Suture”),  which  joins  the  squamous  por- 
tion of  the  temporal  bone  to  the  parietal. 

Saatonra  Coroaaalis.  See  Coronal 
Suture. 

Sai'tai-ral.  [Snntiira'flis:  from  sutu'- 
ra, a “suture.”]  Relating  to,  or  having, 
a suture. 

Soa'tairo.  [Swtai'ra;  from  su'o , su'- 
tum , to  “ sew  together.”]  Literally,  a 
“sewing,”  or  “seam.”  The  union  of 
flat  bones  by  their  margins.  A species 
of  synarthrosis;  a dovetailing  mode  of 
articulation,  the  most  solid  of  the  four 
forms  of  synarthrosis.  It  occurs  in  the 
union  of  the  flat  bones  of  the  skull  with 
each  other.  (See  Sutura.)  In  Botany, 


SUT 


SYM 


the  seam  (or  line  of  opening)  of  a pod 
or  capsule.  In  Surgery,  the  drawing  to- 
gether of  the  lips  of  a wound  by  sewing. 

Su  ture,  Dry.  [Sutu'ra  Sic'ca.] 
The  application  of  a piece  of  adhesive 
plaster,  having  a selvage,  along  each 
side  of  a wound  (the  selvages  opposing 
each  other),  and  then  drawing  them  to- 
gether by  sewing  them  with  a common 
needle. 

Su'ture,  Glov'er’s.  The  introducing 
of  a needle  and  thread  into  one  lip  of  the 
wound  from  within  outwards;  then  into 
the  other  in  the  same  way.  It  is  now 
abandoned  as  unsuitable. 

Su'ture,  In-ter-mp'ted,  Su'ture, 
Knot'ted.  A number  of  stitches  tied 
separately  at  short  distances  from  each 
other,  to  keep  together  the  lips  of  a 
wound. 

Su'ture,  Twist'ed.  The  winding  of 
a ligature  in  the  form  of  the  figure  8 
round  the  ends  of  a pin  inserted  through 
both  lips  of  a wound. 

S.  V.  = Spir'itus  vi'ni*  “ Spirit  of 
wine." 

S.  V.  Et.  = Spir’itus  vi’ni  rectified' tus .* 
“Rectified  spirit  of  wine." 

SwaMowing1,  IMMculty  of.  See 

Dysphagia. 

Sweat.  [Lat.  Su'dor,  o'r is;  Gr. 
u'/xtfy:  Fr.  Sueur,  sU'ur'.]  Perspiration. 
Usually  applied  to  excessive  perspiration 
resulting  from  hard  exercise,  mental  ex- 
citement,or  medicinal  applications,  rather 
than  the  natural  perspiration  of  health. 

Sweating;.  See  Sudation. 

Sweating*  Fever.  See  Anglicus 
Sudor. 

Sweating,  Morbid.  See  Ephidro- 
sis. 

Sweat'ing  Siclk'ness.  [Su'dor 
Anglaca'iius.]  See  Anglicus  Sudor. 

Sweet  Bay.  The  Lau'rus  Nob'ilis, 
or  True  Laurel.  A tree  of  the  natural 
order  Lanracese.  Its  leaves  and  berries 
are  fragrant,  aromatic,  and  astringent. 
See  Bay  Berries. 

Sweet  Bread.  A name  for  the  Pan- 
creas, which  see. 

Sweet-Scent'ed  Flag.  A common 
name  for  the  Acorus  Calamus,  which 
see. 

Sweet  Spir'it  of  Ni'tre.  The  Spir- 
itus  jEtheris  Nitrosi,  which  see. 

Swelling.  See  Tumefaction. 

Swie-te'na-a  Fe-brif'u»ga,*  or 
Soy 'ml -da  Febrif'uga.*  *An  East 
Indian  tree  of  the  Linnsean  class  Decan- 
dria,  natural  order  Cedrelacese,  or  Melia- 
cese.  Its  bark  possesses  tonic  properties, 
46* 


and  is  used  in  India  as  a substitute  foi 
Peruvian  bark. 

Swiete'nia  Ma-tiag'o-ni*  or  Ma» 
liog'a-ni.*  The  systematic  name  of  tho 
mahogany-tree,  which  is  a native  of 
tropical  America.  It  belongs  to  tho 
natural  order  Cedrelacese. 

Swine'-Pox.  A species  of  varicella, 
in  which  the  vesicles  are  pointed  and  the 
fluid  clear  throughout. 

Swinging.  See  JEora. 

Swooning.  See  Deliquium  Animi, 
Leipothymia,  and  Syncope. 

Sword-Shaped.  See  Ensate,  Ensi- 
form,  and  Gladiate. 

SyaBadenitis.  See  Sialadenitis. 

Sy-co'ma,  a tin.*  [From  avxov,  a “fig."] 
A term  for  a wart,  or  warty  excrescence, 
somewhat  like  a fig,  on  the  eyelid,  anus, 
or  other  part  of  the  body. 

Sy-co'iBi-um,*  or  Syc'o-nus.* 
[From  ovkou,  a “fig."]  An  aggregate 
fruit,  like  the  fig. 

Sy-co'sis.*  The  growth  or  formation 
of  sycoma;  more  particularly,  an  erup- 
tive disease,  in  which  there  are  inflamed 
and  somewhat  hard  tubercles  clustering 
together  in  irregular  patches  about  the 
beard  and  on  the  scalp. 

Sy'e-nite,  or  Si'o-nite.  [From  Sye’ne, 
a town  in  Egypt,  where  it  is  found.]  A 
granitic  aggregate  of  quartz,  felspar,  and 
hornblende. 

Syl'la-bus.*  [From  avv,  “together," 
and  \ajxfidvo),  to  “take:"  hence,  ai>\\a6e Tv, 
to  “ comprehend."]  An  index  or  com- 
pendium containing  the  chief  heads  of  a 
treatise  or  lecture,  or  of  a series  of  lec- 
tures. 

Syl-vat'i-cus.*  The  same  as  Syl- 
vestris,  which  see. 

S.yl-ves'tB*is.*  [From  syl’va,  a 
“wood."]  Growing  or  living  in  woods 
or  forests.  Applied  to  various  plants. 

Syl-vac'o-lus.*  [From  syl’va,  a 
“forest,"  and  co'lo,  to  “inhabit."]  Liv- 
ing: in  woods  or  forests. 

Sylvii  Aquaectuctus.  See  Aque- 
duct of  Sylvius. 

§ym.  A prefix  having  the  same  force 
as  Syn,  which  see. 

Sym-blepEa'a-roii,*  or  Sym-blepli'- 
a-ruiu.*  [From  avv , “together,"  and 
fi\z<paio>,  the  “eyelid."]  Adhesion  of  the 
eyelid,  chiefly  the  upper,  to  the  eyeball. 

Sym'bol.  [Lat.  Sym'feoltim ; Gr. 
cv[xSo\ov,  from  o-?’/i5aXXw,  to  “put  together," 
to  “compare."]  Literally,  “something 
compared  or  likened  to  another hence, 
a type,  emblem,  or  sign. 

Sym'bols,  Cliem'I-cal,  otherwise 
541 


SYM 


SYN 


termed  Cliem'ical  Ab-bre-vi-a'lions. 

An  abbreviated  mode  of  expressing  the 
composition  of  bodies.  The  elementary 
substances,  instead  of  being  written  at 
full  length,  are  indicated  by  the  first 
letter  of  their  names,  a second  letter 
being  employed  when  more  than  one 
substance  begins  with  the  same  letter: 
thus,  C stands  for  Carbon,  At  for  Alumi- 
nium, As  for  Arsenic,  etc.  See  Ap- 
pendix. 

§ym*met'ri>ca1.  [SymmetVicus ; 

from  symme'tria,  “ symmetry.”]  Having 
symmetry;  formed  with  proper  propor- 
tions. Applied  to  flowers  which  have  an 
equal  number  of  parts  in  each  whorl. 

Sym'me-try.  [Symme'tria;  from 
avv,  “together,”  and perpecn,  to  “measure.”] 
Adaptation,  or  the  most  proper  relation  of 
the  measure  of  parts  to  each  other  and 
to  the  whole ; proportion.  Also  applied 
to  the  resemblance  which  exists  in  many 
organs  that  are  situated  on  each  side  of 
the  median  line. 

Sym-pa-thet'ic.  [Sympatfiet/i- 

cus;  from  sympathy a , “sympathy.”] 
Having,  or  pertaining  to,  sympathy;  de- 
pending on  sympathy. 

Sympathetic  Action.  See  Reflex 
Action. 

Sympathetic  Bu'bo.  Inflamma- 
tian  of  a gland  arising  from  mere  irrita- 
tion, not  from  syphilis  nor  gonorrhoea. 

Sympathetic  Nerve.  See  Tri- 
splanchnic  Nerve. 

Sym-path'ic.  [Sympath'icus.] 
Relating  to  sympathy.  Synonymous 
with  Sympathetic. 

Sym'pa-thy.  [Sympathi'a;  from 
ovyTraSsu),  to  “suffer  with.”]  The  feeling 
or  suffering  in  common,  to  which  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  body  are  subject.  See 
Relations,  Organic. 

Sym-pci'a-lous.  [From  avv,  “to- 
gether,” and  7 rkraKoj,  a “ petal.”]  Applied 
to  flowers  which  become  somewhat  mono- 
petalous  by  a junction  of  the  base  of  the 
petals  with  the  monadelphous  stamens. 

Sym-pho-re'sis.*  [From  avv,  “to- 
gether,” and  (pope o>,  to  “carry.”]  Syno- 
nymous with  Congestion,  which  see. 

Synn-phor-i-car'pus.*  [From  avv , 
“together,”  (bip(o,  to  “bear,”  and  Kapm 5?, 
“fruit.”]  Rearing  fruit  clustered  to- 
gether. 

Sym'phy-»is.*  [Fromtrtiy.  “together,” 
and  (fjvcn,  to  “produce.”]  The  natural 
union  of  bones  by  means  of  an  inter- 
vening substance;  a variety  of  Synar- 
throsis, which  see.  In  Botany,  a grow- 
ing together  of  parts. 

542 


Sym  physis  Pu  bis.*  (“Symphysis 
of  the  Pubes.”)  The  pubic  articulation, 
or  union  of  the  ossa  pubis , which  are 
connected  with  each  other  by  cartilage. 

Sy  m-phy  •sot'o*my.  [SympEiyso- 
to'mia;  from  sym'physis  pu'bis,  and 
Teyvu,  to  “cut.”]  The  operation  of  cut- 
ting or  dividing  the  symphysis  pubis ; 
otherwise  termed  the  Sigaultian  Ope- 
ration. 

$ym-pliy-ste'mo-iiotis.  [From 

sym'physis , a “growing  together,”  and 
oTrjpuv,  a “stamen.”]  Having  the  sta- 
mens united. 

Sym'phy-tum  Of-fi$>i-na'le.*  The 

systematic  name  for  Comfrey,  a plant  of 
the  Linnaean  class  Pentandria,  natural 
order  Boraginacese.  The  roots  are  very 
mucilaginous,  and  are  used  as  emollients. 

Sym-pi'e-sis.*  [From<m/,  “together,” 
and  7 risaig,  a “pressing.”]  A pressing  or 
squeezing  together;  compression. 

Sym-pl-e-som'e-ter.  [Sympie- 
som'etrum;  from  sympi’esis,  and  pcrpov, 
a “measure.”]  An  instrument  by  which 
to  ascertain  the  degree  of  pressure  of  the 
atmosphere;  a barometer,  or  measurer 
of  pressure. 

Symptom.  [Sympto'ma,  sit  is ; 

from  ovyirTcoya,  a “chance;”  hence,  some- 
thing accidental.]  A concurring  circum- 
stance happening  simultaneously  with 
the  disease,  and  serving  to  point  out  its 
nature,  character,  and  seat. 

Symp-to-mat'ic.  [Sysmptomat'i- 
cus;  from  the  same.]  Relating  to  symp- 
toms. Applied  to  a disease  which  is  a 
symptom  of  another. 

Sympvto-ma-tog,'ra-pBiy.  [Symp- 
tomatog’ra'phia;  from  avpnrojpa,  a 
“chance,”  or  “symptom,”  and  ypc0o>,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  the  signs  or 
symptoms  of  disease. 

Sympto-ma-toro-gy.  [Sympto- 
matolo'g’ia;  from  ovpnrojpci,  a “chance,” 
or  “ symptom,”  and  Xoyoj,  a “discourse.”] 
The  branch  of  Pathology  which  treats  of 
symptoms  or  signs;  scmeiology. 

Syn  (avv).  A Greek  preposition  sig- 
nifying “with,”  “together  with;”  often 
implying  union,  harmony,  or  symmetry. 
Sometimes  it  is  intensive.  Before  (6), 
p ( m ),  t r (p)f  or  0 (]>h),  the  v is  usually 
changed  to  p,  and  before  X (/)  t j tho  same 
letter : as,  avp(3o\ov  for  avvpoXov,  avpperpia  for 
awpzrpia,  ovpmiQcia  for  a vvTruOcta,  a XXoyiop'i 
for  anv\oytap6$,  etc.  When  avv  precedes  a 
word  beginning  witlia  («),  tho  v is  usually 
dropped : hence,  we  havo  avarnpa,  and  not 
ovvarnpa. 

Before  the  Greek  letters  y,  k,  and 


SYN 


syist 


X , the  v is  changed  to  y:  thus,  we  have 
aoyyereaiq  for  ovvyUcoiq,  avyK\oroq  for  <tvpk\o- 
roq,  and  ovyxvciq  for  <rvi>Xi,fflS> 

Syift-aii'tDBe-ra?,'':':'  or  SJyim-am-ttlhe'- 
re-se.'*  [See  next  article.]  A synonym 
for  the  Composite,  which  see. 

Syn-am'tlhe-rm&s.  [Synantlhe'- 

reaas;  from  cvr, " together,”  and  anthe'ra , 
an  " anther.”]  Having  stamens  joined 
together  by  anthers,  and  forming  a tube 
round  the  style. 

Syn'ap-tase.  A term  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  Amygdalin. 

!§y n-ar-t Ed c*o ' The  same  as 
Synarthrosis,  which  see. 

Sy'n-ar-fhro'tiX-al.  [SymartCtro- 

clia'liis.]  Belonging  to  synarthrodia. 

SyiB-aB*-4Eiivo's£s.';:'  [From  avv,  u to- 
gether/’ and  apOpov,  a " joint.”]  An  im- 
movable joint,  applied  to  a class  of  ar- 
ticulations, having  three  varieties,  Sutura , 
Gomphosis , and  Symphysis. 

®yia'carp.  [ISyncar'pfliiiiKi,  $yra- 
car'pfLim,  or  Symcar'puy;  from  <rvv, 
" together,”  and  Kapnoq,  "fruit.”]  A com- 
pound fruit  resulting  from  the  coherence 
of  several  carpels,  or  fleshy  ovaries. 

Sym-car'poMS.  [From  the  same.] 
Formed  of  two  or  more  united  carpels, 
as  the  orange. 

Syn-cfifloini-dlro'sis.*'  [From  cvj,  "to- 
gether,” and  x^9°h  a "cartilage.”]  A 
union  of  bones  by  intervening  cartilage; 
a species  of  symphysis , as  of  the^m&es. 

SyM-cIla©n-*3B»©4'o-my.  [SyEneEBCua- 
droto'mia.;  from  synchondro'sis , and 
repyco,  to  "cut.”]  The  operation  of  divid- 
ing a cartilaginous  union  of  bones.  Ap- 
plied particularly  to  the  division  of  the 
symphysis  pubis. 

Sjfc-cBnron'I-eal.  The  same  as  Syn- 
chronous. 

Syn'-eEniro-iM&us.  [{§ym'eItoB*©naias  • 
from  evv,  "together,”  and  xp^os,  "time.”] 
Happening  at  the  same  time.  The  pul- 
sations of  an  artery  arc  nearly  synchro- 
nous with  those  of  the  heart. 

Sysa'cEuy-sis.*  [From a 'yxtu,  to  "con- 
found.”] A mingling,  or  confounding, 
of  the  humors  of  the  eye  in  consequence 
of  tho  rupture  of  the  internal  membrane 
and  capsule  by  a blow;  also,  a dissolu- 
tion of  the  vitreous  humor,  or  destruc- 
tion of  its  consistence. 

Syn'eSfcysSs,  ^pasd'S/HEDg’.  A species 
in  which  sparks  flash  before  the  eyes. 

Sym-cli'imal.  [SysncBi'imins;  from 
<rvv,  "together,”  and  c li'no,  to  "bend,” 
or  "incline.”]  Inclining  or  bending  to- 
gether, or  towards  each  other. 

Syraeli'iaal  Ax'is.  An  imaginary 


lino  passing  along  the  middle  of  a valley 
the  strata  of  which  dip  in  opposite  di- 
rections and  incline  towards  this  line. 

Syn'clo-ntis.*  [From aw;',  "together,” 
and  k\opo;,  "tumultuous  motion.”]  A 
genus  of  Good’s  Nosology,  comprising 
diseases  characterized  by  tremulous  and 
simultaneous  clonic  agitation  of  tho 
muscles,  more  particularly  when  exerted 
under  influence  of  the  will. 

Syn'clonuis  B&l-lfls'nms.*  Tho 
shaking  palsy;  the  Scelotyrbe  festinans 
of  Be  Sauvagcs. 

Sy’ii'co-pe.*  [From  cvr,  intensive, 
and  kottto),  to  "cut,”  or  "cut  short,”  to 
"strike.”]  (Fr.  Euanouissement , &V&'- 
nw&ss'moN®'.)  Literally,  a "cutting 
short”  of  one’s  strength.  Swooning  or 
fainting.  The  statj  termed  JJeliquium 
animi , being  a suspension  of  respiratitn 
and  the  heart’s  action,  complete  or  partial. 
A genus  of  the  order  Adynamia,  class 
Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

SyEE-c©ip'tiic.  [Synoeop'tiieMs;  from 
syn'copc.]  Belonging  to,  also  causing, 
syncope. 

Syn-eot'y-Bed'©-irc®«is.  [Sync©ty- 
lecI'oBEEEs;  from  ovj,  "together,”  and 
Kor.\r)6iv,  a "cotyledon.”]  Having  tho 
cotyledons  soldered  together. 

Byn-des-mi'iiiiSjicZf?.^*  [From  oikcW- 
poq,  a "ligament.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
ligaments. 

SyEi-€fles-iii©^'ra-jpEny.  [Synides- 
naMJ^ra'jDMa;  from  cvyfieopoq,  a "liga- 
ment,” and  ypu0w,  to  "write.”]  A de- 
scription of  the  ligaments. 

SyBKles-naiicll'o-^y*  [Syiulesm©!©'- 
G’ia;  from  oxubeopoq,  a "ligament,”  and 
\6) oq,  a "discourse.”]  A treatise  on  liga- 
ments; or  the  science  of  ligaments. 

§yaa-des'EM©s.*  [From  avv,  "to- 
gether,” and  kepoq,  a "band.”]  That 
which  binds  together : hence,  a ligament. 

Syni-dGS-Emo'sis.*  [From  ovvfoapoq,  a 
"ligament.”]  Union  of  bones  by  liga- 
ment, as  of  the  radius  and  ulna;  a spe- 
cies of  symphysis. 

SyiMSes-Biiot'o-my.  [Syndesm©- 

t©'mia;  from  cvrdeapoq,  a "ligament,” 
and  Tcpuco,  to  "cut.”]  Dissection  of  the 
articular  ligaments. 

Syia-e-dii'a.*  [From  cwkxeia,  "con- 
tinuity.”] Adhesion  of  the  iris  to  tho 
cornea,  then  termr jd  Synechia  anterior;  or 
to  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  called  Syn- 
echia posterior. 

SyBi-e'ma,*  more  correctly  Syn-iie- 
[From  avv,  "together,”  and  vnpa, 
a "thread,”  or  "filament.”]  A name  for 
a column  of  monadelphous  filaments. 

513 


SYN 


SYN 


Syn-er'gic.  [Syner'gicns.]  Re- 
lating to  synergy. 

Syai'er-gy.  [Synergi'a;  from  cvv, 
“together,”  and  epyov,  a ‘‘work/’]  The 
combined  action  of  several  organs  di- 
rected to  one  end,  as  in  digestion. 

Syn-ge-ne'si-gu*  [See  next  article.] 
A Linna3an  class  of  plants  having  the 
anthers  united  in  a ring  or  tube,  as  in 
all  Compositae. 

Syn-ge-aie'si-otis,  or  sin-jc-ncc'shus. 
[S.yn^eaie'siMii ; from  cvv,  “ together, ” 
and  ykvtug,  “generation,”  or  “produc- 
tion.”] Literally,  “produced  or  grow- 
ing together.”  Having  anthers  united 
into  a tube,  the  filaments  being  mostly 
separate  and  distinct. 

Syai-I-ze'sis,*  or  Syaa-e-sii'sis.* 
[From  covi^o) , to  “sit  or  sink  together,” 
to  “collapse,”  to  “shrink  up.”]  A term 
applied  to  the  contraction  or  obliteration 
of  the  pupil  of  the  eye.  It  is  often  con- 
genital, but  sometimes  the  result  of  dis- 
ease or  accident. 

&y it- aieia-ro 'sis.*  [From  cvv,  “to- 
gether,” and  vcvpow,  to  “nerve.”].  Union 
of  bones  by  intervening  membrane;  a 
species  of  symphysis. 

Syai'o-elia.*  [From  cvvoxo;,  “unin- 
termitted;” from  cvvkxoy,  to  “hold  to- 
gether,” to  “continue.”]  A pure  inflam- 
matory fever.  A genus  of  the  order 
Fcbres,  class  Pyrexiae , of  Cullen’s  Nosol- 
ogy. 

Syai'o-  vims.*  [Gr.triLoxo;.]  Applied 
t ) mixed  fever.  A genus  of  the  order 
Fcbres,  class  Pyrexiae,  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Syai-ocl'ic,  'or  Syn-od'i-cal.  [Syn- 
otl'icus ; from  cvvohg,  a “ meeting.”] 
Applied  to  a lunar  month,  or  the  time 
between  two  conjunctions  of  the  sun 
and  moon,  consisting  of  twenty-nine 
days,  twelve  hours,  and  about  forty-four 
minutes. 

Synonym.  See  Synony^e. 

Synonyine,  or  Synonym,  sin'o- 
nim.  [Gr.  cu vjjvvyog,  “of  like  name  or 
meaning;”  from  cvv,  “with,”  and  dvoya, 
a “name.”]  One  of  two  words  in  the 
same  language  which  have  the  same  or 
a similar  signification.  An  equivalent 
or  superseded  name. 

Syii-on'^-my.  [Synonym'ia;  from 
the  same.]  The  use  of  synonymes:  that 
which  relates  to  synonymes,  or  the 
expression  of  the  same  meaning  by  dif- 
ferent words. 

Syn-op'sis.*  [From  cvv,  “ together,” 
and  o^/tf,  a “view.”]  A collective  view 
of  any  subject;  a compendious  state- 
544 


ment ; a collection  of  things  so  arranged 
as  to  present  the  principal  parts  in  a 
general  view. 

Syn-os-te-og'ra-pliy.  [Synosteo- 
gra'phia ; from  cvv,  “together,”  oerkov, 
a “bone,”  and  ypaepoy,  to  “write.”]  A 
description  of  the  joints. 

Syffl-©s-te*ol'o-gy.  [Synosteolo'- 
gia ; from  cvv,  “ together,”  ocriov,  a 
“ bone,”  and  \6yog,  a “ discourse.”]  The 
doctrine  of  the  joints;  a treatise  on  the 
joints. 

Syn-os-te-oph'y-tum.*  [From  cvv, 
“ together,”  dcreov,  a “ bone,”  and  < pvruv , 
a “ plant.”]  Congenital  osseous  growth  : 
a syn osteophyte. 

Syii-os-te-o'sis.*  [From  cvv,  “to- 
gether,” and  qct'zoj , a “ bone.”]  Union 
of  bones  by  ossific  deposit. 

Syn-os-te-ot'o-Eiay.  [Sysaosteo- 
to'mia ; from  cvv,  “ together,”  ojtzov,  a 
“ bone,”  and  rtyv co,  to  “ cut.”]  Dissec- 
tion of  the  joints. 

Syn-o'vi-a.*  [Supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  cvv,  perhaps  implying  union 
or  close  resemblance,  and  cjov,  an  “egg,” 
on  account  of  its  resemblance  to  the 
white  of  an  egg.]  The  unctuous  fluid 
secretion  of  certain  glands  in  the  joints, 
with  which  the  cartilaginous  surfaces  of 
the  articulating  heads  of  bones  are  lubri- 
cated and  their  motions  facilitated. 

Syn-o'vi-al.  [Synovia' las.]  Re- 
lating to  the  synovia. 

Syn-o-vi'tis,  i dis*  [From  syno- 
via'lis,  “ synovial.”]  Inflammation  of  a 
synovial  membrane. 

Syn-4e-no'sis.*  [From  cvv,  “to- 
gether,” and  tsv(ov,  a “ tendon.”]  A kind 
of  articulation  in  which  the  bones  are 
connected  by  tendons. 

Syn-tlaer  anal.  [Syntlier'iaialns ; 
from  cvv,  “together  with,”  and  Oipyrj, 
“heat.”]  Of  equal  heat  or  temperature. 

Syn'tlie-sis.*  [From  cvv,  “together,” 
and  TiOnyi,  to  “put,”  or  “ place.”]  Lite- 
rally, “putting  together,”  or  composition. 
The  formation  of  a compound  substance 
by  the  union  of  several  distinct  elements; 
the  opposite  of  analysis.  Also,  a surgical 
operation  which  consists  in  uniting  parts 
which  have  been  divided. 

Syn-tliet'ic.  [Synthetic*©*.]  Re- 
lating to  synthesis,  or  effected  by  syn- 
thesis. Synthetic  operations  in  Chemis- 
try are  those  in  which  compounds  are 
formed  by  the  union  of  elements,  or 
component  substances. 

Syn'to-iiin,  or  fty11'*0-11*11^*  [From 
ewreivo),  to  “stretch,”  or  “ draw ;”  refer- 
ring to  the  peculiar  property  of  muscular 


SYP 


SYR 


fibre.]  A name  given  by  Lehmann  to  a 
peculiar  substance  obtained  from  muscu- 
lar libre  by  the  action  of  dilute  muriatic 
acid. 

Sypli-i-lel'cos,*  or  £$pfli-i-lel'cus.* 

[From  syph'ilis,  and  c\ko;,  an  “ ulcer.5'] 
A venereal  or  syphilitic  ulcer ; a chancre. 

Syph-i-lel-c©'sis.*  [From  syphileV- 
cos.]  The  growth  or  progress  of  syphi- 
litic ulcer,  or  phancre. 

Sy'-plfiil'i-cles.*  [From  syph’  ills.] 
Skin-diseases  arising  from  syphilis. 

[From 

syph’ilis,  and  oxOn,  a “ rising  ground."] 
A syphilitic  tubercle. 

i die.* 

[From  syph'ilis , and  colpi'tis , “inflam- 
mation of  the  vagina."]  Syphilitic  in- 
flammation of  the  vagina. 

SypBfl-i-Ii-d©g‘,ra-pCay,  [SypMli- 
dogra'pSiia;  from  syph'ilis,  and  yptyu, 
to  “ write."]  A history  of  syphilis. 

Sypti-a-la-d©I'©-g,y.  [SypHailido- 
lo'g’ia.;  from  syph'ilis,  and  Xx>yog,  a “dis- 
course."] The  doctrine  or  science  of 
syphilis,  and  its  treatment. 

S^5>5a-i»]li-d©pSa-lBiial ' [From 
syph'ilis,  and  ophthal'mia.]  Syphilitic 
ophthalmia. 

S^ph-il-X-on'tliiis.*  [From  syph'ilis, 
and  hvOog,  an  “ eruption  on  the  face."] 
Copper-colored  scaly  eruption,  or 
patches  : the  effect  of  syphilis. 

SypSa'I-Ms,  i dis.%  [Etymology  un- 
certain.] ^Fr.  Verole,  v&Tol'.)  Vulgarly 
called  Pox.  The  true  venereal  disease, 
otherwise  termed  Lucs  venerea,  and  Mor- 
bus Gallicus.  A genus  of  the  order 
Jmpetigines,  class  Cachexise , of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Sypfu'ilis,  Con-stl-tu'tion-al.  The 

same  as  secondary  syphilis.  See  next 
article. 

Sypli'ilis,  Sec'on-da-ry.  Applied  to 
syphilis  after  the  morbific  matter  has 
been  absorbed  and  diffused  through  the 
system.  The  symptoms  of  this  condition 
of  the  disease  (termed  “ secondary  symp- 
toms") are  ulcers  in  the  throat,  blotches 
on  the  skin,  pain  in  the  bones,  etc. 

Syph-i-lH'ic.  [Syphiliticus.] 
Pertaining  to  syphilis. 

Sypti-il-i-za'&ioai.  [Syptiiliza'tio, 
© 'nis;  from  syph'ilis.]  Applied  to  the 
condition  induced  by  the  successive  inocu- 
lation of  animals  with  syphilitic  poison. 

Sypls-i-lo-^e'lis,  i 'dis.%  [From  syph'- 
ilis, and  KrjXig,  a “stain,"  or  “spot."] 
Syphilitic  patches  on  the  skin.  See 
Syphilionthus. 

Sypli'i-loid.  [Syphiloi'des ; from 


syph'ilis,  and  elSog,  a “form."]  Resem- 
bling syphilis. 

Sypii-i-Bol'e-pis,  i dis.*  [From 
syph' tlis,  and  Xeirig,  a “ scale.’’]  Syphilitic 
scale,  or  scaly  eruption. 

Syplfi-l-lopSi'ly-sis.*  [From  syph'- 
ilis, and  (p\v<jig,  an  “ eruption."]  Syphi- 
litic eruption. 

Syr.  = Syru’pus*  “A  syrup.’’ 

Sy-rin'g-a  Tuhga'ris.*  The  syste 
matic  name  of  the  Lilac,  a plant  of  the 
natural  order  Oleaccse.  The  leaves  have 
been  used  as  tonics  and  antiperiodics. 

Syringe.  [Lat.  Sy'rinx;  Gr. 
avpiy^;  Fr.  Seringue,  seh-raNg'.]  An  in- 
strument for  injecting  liquids  into  any 
vessel  or  cavity. 

$y-rixi'goid.  [Syring©i'des : from 

sy'rinx,  a “ pipe,"  and  tllog,  a “ form.’’] 
Resembling  a pipe  or  tube. 

Sy-rin'go-tome.  [Syring©t/©- 

inum;  see  Syringotomy.]  An  instru- 
ment for  cutting  fistulae. 

Syr-in-got'o-my.  [Syring©!©'- 

maa:  from  sy'rinx,  a “pipe,"  or  “fistu- 
la," and  rqmo,  to  “ cut.’’]  The  operation 
of  laying  open  a fistula. 

Sy'rinx.*  [Gr.  cvpiy$.]  A pipe  or 
fistula : a syringe. 

Syr' up.  [Syru'pus;  from  the  Arabic 
Sherab,  sheh-rab',  a “ sweet  or  pleasant 
drink;"  often  used  for  “wine."]  (Fr. 
Sirop,  s6'ro'.)  Sugar  dissolved  in  water; 
distinctively  termed  Syrvpus  simplex,  or 
“ simple  sj  rup."  Also,  any  composition 
of  the  juice  of  herbs,  flowers,  or  fruits, 
boiled  with  sugar  to  a thick  consistence. 

Sy-ru'pus,*  plural  Sy-ru'pi.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  for  “syrup." 

Only  a few  of  the  more  import- 
ant syrups  are  here  given.  For  the  rest, 
see  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  pp.  299-314. 

Syru'pus  Fer'ri  I-©<1  l-tli*  (“  Syrup 
of  Iodide  of  Iron"),  IA<j'u©r  Fer'ri 
lod'idi.*  1850.  Take  of  iodine,  two 
troyounces,  iron,  in  the  form  of  wire 
and  cut  in  pieces,  three  hundred  grains, 
distilled  water,  three  fluidounces,  syrup, 
a sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  iodide, 
iron,  and  distilled  water  in  a flask  of 
thin  glass,  shake  the  mixture  occasion- 
ally, until  the  reaction  ceases  and  the 
solution  has  acquired  a green  color  and 
lost  the  smell  of  iodine.  Then,  having 
introduced  a pint  of  syrup  into  a gradu- 
ated bottle,  heat  it  by  means  of  a water- 
bath  to  212°,  and,  through  a small  fun- 
nel inserted  in  the  mouth  of  the  bottle, 
filter  into  it  the  solution  already  pre- 
pared. When  this  has  passed,  close  the 
bottle,  shake  it  thoroughly,  and,  when 
545 


SYR 


SYS 


the  liquid  has  cooled,  add  sufficient 
syrup  to  make  the  whole  measure  twenty 
fluidounces.  Lastly,  again  shake  the 
bottle  and  transfer  its  contents  to  two- 
ounce  vials,  which  must  be  well  stopped. 

Syru'pus  Fus'cus.*  (“  Brown  Syr- 
up.’’) Molasses.  The  name  applied  to 
the  impure,  dark-colored  syrup  obtained 
in  making  sugar  ffom  the  Saccharum 
officinarum.  It  has  been  placed  on  the 
primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica  of 
the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1860. 

Syru  "pus  Ip-e-cac-u-aai  'fise.  % 

(“  Syrup  of  Ipecacuanha.’’)  Take  of  fluid 
extract  of  ipecacuanha,  two  fluidounces, 
syrup,  thirty  fluidounces.  Mix  them. 

Syru'pus  Pru'ni  Vir-gin-i-a'mje.* 
(“ Syrup  of  Wild  Cherry  [Bark].")  Take 
of  wild  cherry  bark,  in  coarse  powder, 
five  troyounces,  sugar,  in  coarse  powder, 
twenty-eight  troyounces,  water,  a suffi- 
cient quantity.  Moisten  the  bark  tho- 
roughly with  water,  and  allow  it  to  stand 
for  twenty-four  hours  in  a close  vessel; 
then  pack  it  firmly  in  a glass  percolator, 
and  gradually  pour  water  upon  it  until 
a pint  of  filtered  liquid  is  obtained.  To 
this,  transferred  to  a bottle,  add  the 
sugar,  and  agitate  occasionally  until  it 
is  dissolved. 

Syru'pus  Rlie'i  Ar-o-mat'i-cus.* 

(“  Aromatic  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.")  Take 
of  rhubarb,  in  moderately  fine  powder, 
two  troyounces  and  a half,  cloves,  in 
moderately  fine  powder,  cinnamon,  in 
fine  powder,  each  half  a troyounce,  nut- 
meg, in  moderately  fine  powder,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  grains,  syrup,  six 
pints,  diluted  alcohol,  a sufficient  quan- 
tity. Mix  the  powders,  and,  having 
moistened  the  mixture  with  two  fluid- 
ounces  of  diluted  alcohol,  introduce  it 
into  a conical  percolator,  and  pour  di- 
luted alcohol  upon  it  until  a pint  of  tinc- 
ture has  passed.  Add  this  to  the  syrup 
previously  heated,  and  mix  them  tho- 
roughly. 

Syru'pus  S^il'lse.*  (“  Syrup  of 
Squill.")  Take  of  vinegar  of  squill,  a 
pint,  sugar,  in  coarse  powder,  twenty- 
four  troyounces.  Dissolve  the  sugar  in 
the  vinegar  of  squill  with  the  aid  of  a 
gentle  heat,  and  strain  the  solution 
while  hot. 

Syru'pus  Scil'lne  fom-pos'i-tus* 

(“Compound  Syrup  of  Squill.")  Take 
of  squill,  in  moderately  coarse  powder, 
sencka.  in  moderately  fine  powder,  each 
four  troyounces,  tartrate  of  antimony 
and  potassa,  forty-eight  grains,  sugar, 
in  coarse  powder,  forty-two  troyounoes, 
546 


diluted  alcohol,  water,  each  a sufficient 
quantity.  Mix  the  squill  and  seneka, 
and,  having  moistened  the  mixture  with 
half  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol,  allow  it  to 
stand  for  an  hour.  Then  transfer  it  to 
a conical  percolator  and  pour  diluted 
alcohol  upon  it,  until  three  pints  of 
tincture  have  passed.  Boil  this  for  a 
few  minutes,  evaporate  it  by  means  of  a 
water-bath  to  a pint,  add  six  fluidounces 
of  boiling  water,  and  filter.  Dissolve 
the  sugar  in  the  filtered  liquid,  and, 
having  heated  the  solution  to  the  boil- 
ing point,  strain  it  while  hot.  Then 
dissolve  the  tartrate  of  antimony  and 
potassa  in  the  solution,  while  still  hot, 
and  add  sufficient  boiling  water  through 
the  strainer  to  make  it  measure  three 
pints.  Lastly,  mix  the  whole  thoroughly 
together. 

Sys-pa'si-a.*  [From  mis,  “ together," 
and  o-ttuo),  to  “draw."]  A Greek  term 
equivalent  to  the  Latin  Convulsio  (“con- 
vulsion"), forming  the  name  of  a genus 
in  Dr.  Good’s  Nosology. 

Sys-sar-co'sis.*  [From  ovj,  “to- 
gether," and  oapKow,  to  “ make  strong."] 
Union  of  bones  by  connecting  muscle. 

Sys-tat'I-ca.*  [From  avv'iarrj/ju,  to 
“place  together,"  to  “associate."]  The 
name  of  an  order  in  Good’s  Nosology, 
comprising  diseases  which  affect  the  dif- 
ferent sensorial  powers  simultaneously, 
as  sleeplessness,  torpor,  etc. 

Sys'tem.  [Lat.  Syste'ma;  Gr.  <ri><7- 
r/j/za,  from  aoviaTri/xi,  to  “place  together.’’] 
Originally,  a “whole  composed  of  a num- 
ber of  different  parts :’’  hence,  a regu- 
lar government;  the  constitution  of  a 
state.  A methodical  collection,  arrange- 
ment, or  classification  of  many  things 
together;  a connected  statement  of  the 
truths  of  some  department  of  science  or 
art.  In  Astronomy,  a hypothesis  of  a 
certain  order  and  arrangement  of  tho 
celestial  bodies,  by  which  their  apparent 
motions  are  explained.  The  solar  sys- 
tem consists  of  the  sun  and  all  the  celes- 
tial bodies  whose  motions  arc  controlled 
by  his  attraction,  viz.,  the  planets,  satel- 
lites, and  comets. 

System,  Sexual.  See  Sexual  Sy.m- 
tem. 

S£rs-te-mat'ic.  [Systemat 'Sous ; 

from  ni/8te'mn,  a “ system."]  According 
or  pertaining  to  system  or  regular  ar- 
rangement; methodical. 

Systematic  Rot'a-n.^.  Tho  second 
great  department  of  botanical  science, 
or  the  study  of  plants  in  their  relations 
to  one  another  as  forming  a vegetable 


SYS 


kingdom.  It  treats  of  plants  as  members 
of  a system  or  orderly  parts  of  a whole, 
and  arranges  them  in  classes,  orders, 
genera,  and  species. 

Sys-tem-a-tol'o-gy.  [Systemato- 
lo'gia;  from  syste'ma,  a “system,”  and 
\6yo;,  a “ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the 
various  systems ; the  doctrine  of  systems 
or  arrangements  in  science. 

Sys-tem'ic.  [System 'icus.]  Per- 
taining to  the  whole  system;  belonging 
to  the  general  system  : as,  “ systemic  cir- 
culation,” used  in  contradistinction  to 
“ pulmonic  circulation.” 

Sys'to-le.*  [From  ovareW co,  to  “draw 
together,”  or  “contract.”]  The  con- 
traction of  the  heart,  by  which,  with  its 


TIE 

alternate  dilatation  (diastole),  the  circu- 
lation of  the  blood  is  carried  on. 

Sys-tol'ic.  [Systol'iciis.]  Per- 
taining to  systole. 

Sys-trem'ma,  a tis.%  [Gr.  <mn-pc<£<a, 
to  “ twist  or  roll  together.”]  Applied  to 
cramp  in  the  muscles,  or  the  calf  of  the 
leg. 

Sys-ty'Ius.*  [From  avv,  “together,” 
and  arZXog,  a “ style.”]  Applied  to  a 
plant  the  styles  of  which  are  joined  into 
a single  column  : systy'lous. 

Syz'y-£y.  [Syzyg'ia ; from  avv, 
“together,”  and  Z,vy6v,  a “yoke.”]  In 
the  plural  (Syzygies)  the  places  of  the 
moon  or  planets  when  in  conjunction 
with,  or  opposition  to,  the  sun. 


T. 


T Bandage.  A bandage  formed  some- 
what like  the  letter  T,  for  supporting 
dressings  in  diseases  of  the  anus,  groin, 
perinaeum,  etc. 

Tab'a-cum.*  Tobacco.  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  for  the  dried  leaves 
of  Nicoticina  tabacum.  See  Tobacco. 

Tab'a-sbeer,  written  also  Taba- 
scliir.  A silicious  substance  found  in 
the  joints  of  the  bamboo,  sometimes  fluid, 
but  generally  in  a concreted  state.  It  has 
been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels. 

Ta'bes.*  Consumption,  or  wasting,  of 
the  body.  A genus  of  the  order  Jfai'corcs, 
class  Cachexia ?,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ta'bes  C©x-a'ri-a.*  (“Hip  Con- 
sumption or  Wasting.”)  A wasting  of 
flhe  thigh  and  leg,  from  abscess  in  the 
hip.  Essentially  the  same  as  Coxarum 
Morbus,  which  see. 

Ta'bes  E&or-sa'Bis.*  (“Dorsal  Con- 
sumption or  Wasting.”)  A disorder  of 
the  spinal  marrow,  consequent  on  vene- 
real excesses. 

Ta'bes  Mes-en-ter'i-ca.*  The  Ta- 
bes scrofulosa. 

Ta'bes  Pal-m©-ma'las.*  (“  Pulmo- 
nary Consumption  or  Wasting.”)  See 
Pulmonary  Consumption. 

Ta'bes  ScFof-ai-lo'sa.*  (“Scrofu- 
lous Consumption.”)  A disease  consist- 
ing in  a scrofulous  affection  of  the  mes- 
enteric glands  (hence  also  called  Ta'bes 
mesenter'ica ),  connected  with  a morbid 
condition  of  the  functions  of  digestion 
and  assimilation. 

Ta-bes'$eait.  [Tabes'cens ; from 
tabes' co,  to  “waste  away.”]  Wasting 
Dr  shrivelling. 


Tab'ti-Ba  Vit're-a.*  (“  Glassy 
Table.”)  A term  applied  to  the  internal 
plate  of  the  occipital  bone,  on  account  of 
its  brittleness. 

Tab'u-lar.  [From  tab'vla,  a “board,” 
or  “ table.”]  Like  a board  or  table.  In 
Botany,  flattened  horizontally. 

Taceaceay*  tak-ka'shc-e.  [From 
Tac'ca,  one  of  the  genera.]  A small 
natural  order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  the  hotter  parts  of 
India  and  in  the  tropical  parts  of  Africa. 

Ta-diygrra-phy.  [Tacliygra'- 
pBiia;  from  ra\vg,  “short,”  and  ypa^to,  to 
“write.”]  Shorthand.  See  Stenography. 

Tac'tlle.  [Tac'tilis;  from  iac'tus , 
“touch.”]  Pertaining  to  touch. 

Taction.  [Tac'ti© ; from  tan' go, 
tac'tnm,  to  “ touch.”]  The  act  of  touch- 
ing: touch. 

Tac'tns.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
sense  of  Touch,  which  see. 

Tac'tus  Er-u-tBi'tus.  * (“Instructed 
[or  Skilful]  Touch.”)  That  delicate  and 
discriminating  sense  of  touch  resulting 
from  the  union  of  judgment  and  expe- 
rience. 

Tac'tns  Ex-per'tns.*  (“Experi- 
ence l Touch.”)  Essentially  the  same  as 
the  Tactus  Eruditus,  which  see. 

Tae'nt-a.*  [Gr.  raivia.]  Originally, 
a “fillet,”  “band,”  or  “riband.”  Ap- 
plied to  the  tapeworm,  a genus  of  intes- 
tinal worms  having  long,  flat,  and  jointed 
bodies. 

Tse'nia  Hip-po-cam'pi.*  The  Cor- 
pus Fimbriatum,  which  see. 

Tse'nia  Ea'ta*  (“Broad  Tape- 
worm”) ; also  called  Botti-ri-o-^epBi'a- 
547 


TAN 


TM 

lus.*  A worm  found  in  the  human  in- 
testines. It  sometimes  attains  an  enor- 
mous length, — fifty  or  sixty  yards,  ac- 
cording to  some  writers. 

Tae'nia  ©s'eoi-Sis  Mar-gi-nal'i- 
bus.  5'  ("  Tapeworm  with  Marginal 

Mouths  or  Foramina.”)  The  long  tape- 
worm, or  Taenia  Solium. 

Tae'nia  Sem-i-cir-cu-la'ris.* 

(" Semicircular  Band.”)  A narrow,  fi- 
brous, semi-transparent  band,  situated 
in  the  groove  between  the  optic  thalamus 
and  corpus  striatum. 

Tse'nia  So'13-mia.*  The  long  tape- 
worm; also  called  Tsenia  os  cults  margi- 
nalibus.  It  infests  the  upper  part  of  the 
intestines,  and  is  not  unfrequently  from 
twenty  to  thirty  feet  long,  and  is  said  to 
be  sometimes  much  longer. 

Tjr'nia  Ta-ri'cni.*  ("Band  of  Tari- 
nus.”)  A yellowish  horny  band  which 
lies  over  the  vena  corpora  striata  of  the 
brain,  first  noticed  by  Tarinus.  It  is  a 
thickening  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  ventricle. 

Tae'ni-oid.  [Tsesiioi'des ; from  tse'- 
nia,  a "riband.”]  Resembling  a riband. 

Taffetas  Vesicant,  taf'ta'  vAz&'- 
koN°'.  ("Blistering  Cloth.”)  The  same 
as  P annus  Vesicatouius,  which  see. 

Ta'fi-a.*  Rum,  or  the  spirit  obtained 
by  distillation  from  the  fermented  juice 
of  the  sugar-cane. 

Tattle,  tal.  Literally,  "cutting.”  The 
French  term  for  Lithotomy,  which  see. 

Talc.  [Tal'cam.]  A foliated  magne- 
sian mineral,  unctuous  to  the  touch, 
used  for  tracing  lines  on  cloth,  etc. 

Ta'le-a.if  [From  6a\\6g,  a "young 
shoot”?]  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
"graft,”  "cutting,”  "shoot,”  or  "stock.” 

Taliaco'tian  (ta-le-a-ko'shun)  ©p-e- 
ra'tion.  An  operation  by  which,  in 
cases  of  deformity  or  deficiency  of  the 
nose,  a new  one  is  made  by  turning  down 
a flap  from  the  forehead,  or  other  part  of 
the  face;  first  practised  by  Taliacctius 
(or  Tagliacozzi).  See  Rhinoplasty, 

Tal'l-pcs,  p'ecZia.*  [From  la' Ins,  the 
"ankle,”  and  pes,  the  "foot.”]  Applied 
to  various  kinds  of  the  distortion  com- 
monly called  club-foot. 

Talipes  E-qui'ims*  ("Equine 
Club-foot”),  or  IQorse'-Foot.  Club-foot 
from  simple  retraction  of  the  heel,  so 
that  the  ankle  seems  to  resemble  that  of 
the  horse. 

Tal'ipes  Val'gns.*  Club-foot,  with 
distortion  outwards,  or  eversion. 

Tal'ipes  Va'rus.*  Club-foot,  with 
distortion  inwards. 

548 


Tallow.  [Se'vum.]  Animal  fat, 
melted  and  separated  from  the  fibrous 
matter  mixed  with  it. 

Tal'pa.*  Literally,  a "mole.”  Hence 
applied  to  a tumor  under  the  skin,  com- 
pared to  a mole  under  the  ground.  Some- 
times it  signifies  an  encysted  tumor  on 
the  head. 

Ta'lns.*  Literally,  a "die,”  with 
which  a game  of  dice  was  played.  Ap- 
plied to  the  astragalus  (or  ankle-bone), 
from  its  resemblance  to  a die. 

Tamaricaceav*  tam-a-re-ka'she-e. 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants  (shrubs  or  herbs),  confined  to  the 
Northern  hemisphere  and  the  Old  World. 
It  includes  the  Tam'arix  (Tamarisk), 
Myrica’ria,  and  Tricliaurus.  Several  of 
the  species  are  astringent  or  tonic;  and 
one,  the  Tam'arix  mannif  era,  yields  a 
kind  of  manna,  consisting  of  mucilagi- 
nous sugar. 

Tam-a-rin'cliis.*  [From  tamar 
(Arabic),  a "date,”  and  In'clus, " Indian.”] 
A Linnman  genus  of  the  class  Mona- 
tlelphia , natural  order  Leguminosse.  Also, 
the  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  pre- 
served fruit  of  the  Tamarindus  Indica. 
It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative. 

Tamartn'dias  In'di-ca.*  ("Indian 
Tamarind.”)  The  systematic  name  of 
the  tamarind-tree. 

Tam'a-rix  Galll-ca.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  common  Tamarisk, 
a tree  of  the  Linnaean  class  Pentandria , 
and  natural  order  Tamaricaccse.  The 
bark,  wood,  and  leaves  are  bitter  and 
astringent,  and  have  been  employed  in 
medicine. 

Tamn'pdn.  (French  pronunciation, 
toM'p6N°'.)  Literally,  a "plug,”  or  "stop- 
per.” A portion  of  rag,  sponge,  etc.,  used 
in  Plugging,  which  see. 

Ta'inus  Com-inu'nis.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  common  Black  Bryony. 
The  root  is  diuretic. 

Tani-a-ce'tnm.*  Tansy.  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Syngenesia,  natural 
order  Composite.  Also,  the  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb  of 
the  Tanace'tum  vulga're.  It  is  chiefly 
used  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Tanace'tum  Vul-ga're.*  The  com- 
mon tansy-plant;  also  called  Tanasia. 

Ta-iaa'si-a.  - A namo  for  Tanace'tum 
vulga're. 

Tan'&ent.  [Tan'&ens:  present  par- 
ticiple of  tan' go,  to  "touch.”]  Literally, 
"touching,”  or  "that  which  touches.” 
The  tangent  to  a curve  is  a straight  line 
which  meets  or  touches  the  curve  with- 


TAN 


TAR 


out  intersecting  it.  In  Trigonometry,  a 
tangent  is  a straight  line  which  touches 
a circular  arc  at  one  of  its  extremities, 
and  is  terminated  by  the  production  of 
the  radius  passing  through  the  other  ex- 
tremity. 

Tau'nate.  [Tan'nas,  a'ik]  A com- 
bination of  tannic  acid  (or  tannin)  with 
a base. 

Tan'nic  A$'id.  The  same  as  Tannin, 
which  see. 

Tan'nin.  [Tanni'mim;  so  called 
from  its  use  in  tanning.]  (Fr.  Acide 
tannique , &'s£d'  t&n'nek'.)  Tannic  acid 
(the  Aq'idum  tan'nicum  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias.) The  peculiar  astringent  prin- 
ciple of  vegetable  substances  on  which 
their  power  of  converting  skins  into  lea- 
ther depends.  It  is  a powerful  astrin- 
gent. 

Tansy.  See  Tanacetum  Vulgare. 

Tail ' ta-1 11  m.*  The  same  as  Colum- 
bium,  which  see. 

Tapeworm.  See  Taenia. 

Tapeworm,  Long.  See  Taenia  So- 
lium. 

Tap-I-o'ca.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  fecula  of  the 
root  of  the  Janipha  Maniliot.  As  an 
article  of  food  it  is  mild  and  easy  of 
digestion,  and  forms  an  excellent  diet  for 
tbe  sick  or  convalescent. 

Tapping*.  See  Paracentesis. 

Tap'-Root.  A fleshy  main  root  taper- 
ing downwards,  having  a moderate  thick- 
ness compared  with  the  length,  and  ex- 
tending in  a nearly  vertical  direction,  as 
in  the  pine,  maple,  parsnip,  etc. 

Tar.  A dark-brown,  viscid  liquid,  ob- 
tained by  heating  the  wood  of  the  pine 
or  fir  tree.  It  consists  of  resin,  empy- 
reumatic  oil,  and  acetic  acid. 

Tar,  Barbadoes.  See  Petroleum 
Barbadense. 

T&r-an-tis'mus.*  [From  taran'tula , 
a peculiar  kind  of  venomous  spider.] 
Tarantism.  The  morbid  desire  of  ex- 
cessive motion,  or  dancing,  said  to  be 
excited  by  music  in  those  affected  by  the 
bite  of  the  tarantula. 

Ta-ran'tu-la.*  A species  of  poison- 
ous spider,  whose  bite  was  supposed  to 
be  cured  by  music. 

Ta-rax'a-cum.*  Dandelion.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  root  of  the 
Tarax'acum  Dens-leo’nis.  It  is  slightly 
tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient,  and  appears 
to  have  a specific  action  on  the  liver.  It 
has  sometimes  proved  extremely  bene- 
ficial in  affections  accompanied  by  tor- 
pidity of  that  organ. 

47 


Tarax'acum  €of'fee.  Dandelion 
Coffee;  a powder  consisting  of  tarax- 
acum-roots, cleaned,  dried,  and  powdered, 
and  mixed  with  coffee. 

Tarax'acum  Bens-le-o'nis.* 

(“  Tooth  of  Lion.”)  The  systematic 
name  of  the  dandelion.  See  Taraxa- 
cum. 

Ta-rax'is.*  [From  rapdcooj  to 
“ trouble,”  cr  “confound.”]  A slight 
inflammation  of  the  eye. 

Tar-di-flo'rus.*  [From  tar'dus, 

“slow,”  or  “late,”  and  Jios,  a “flower.”] 
Flowering  late. 

Tardigrada.  See  Tardigradus. 

Tar-dig ' ra-dus.i:  [From  tar'dus, 
“slow,”  and  tjra'dus,  a “step.”]  Tardi- 
grade. Moving  slowly.  Applied  in  the 
plural  neuter  ( Tardiy'rada ) to  certain 
animals,  which  from  their  peculiar  con- 
struction move  with  excessive  slowness, 
as  the  sloths. 

Target-Shaped.  See  Peltate, 
Scutiform,  and  Thyroid. 

Tarini  Pons.  See  Pons  Tarini. 

Tar'ssjd.  [Tarsa'lis;  from  tar'sus .] 
Belonging  to  the  tarsus ; also,  to  the 
cartilage  of  the  eyelid. 

Tarsal  Car'ti-la-ges.  The  thin 
elastic  plates  which  give  shape  to  the 
eyelids. 

Tar 'si,*  gen.  Tar-so'rum,  the  plural 
of  Tarsus,  which  see. 

Tar-so-pby'ma,  arts.*  [From  tar'- 
sus, and  (j)t pa,  a “growth.”]  A morbid 
growth  or  tumor  of  the  tarsus. 

Tar-sor'rlta-jiby.  [Tarsorrlia'- 
j:bia;  from  tar'sus,  and  pacjfi,  a “ suture.”] 
The  uniting  by  suture  any  wound  of  the 
eyelids  near  the  tarsus. 

Tar-soi'o-my.  [Tarsoto'mia : from 
tar'sus,  and  rqo co,  to  “cut.”]  A cutting 
of  the  tarsus,  or  cartilage  of  the  eye- 
lid. 

Tar'sus,*  plural  Tar'si.  [From 
rapaog,  the  “instep.”]  That  portion  of 
the  foot  between  the  metatarsal  bones 
and  the  leg,  itself  comprising  seven 
bones;  the  instep.  Also,  the  thin  carti- 
lage towards  the  edge  of  each  eyelid, 
giving  it  firmness  and  shape.  Applied 
also  to  a number  of  minute  joints  in  in- 
sects, forming  the  fifth  principal  segment 
of  the  leg  or  foot. 

Tar'tar.  [Tar'tanini,  or  Tar'ta- 
rns.]  The  substance  which  concretes 
on  the  inside  of  wine-casks;  the  impure 
supertartrate  of  potash.  Also,  an  earthy- 
like  substance  deposited  from  the  saliva, 
which  becomes  incrusted  on  the  human 
teeth.  See  Odontolitiius,  and  Tophus. 

549 


TAR 


TEC 


Tar'tar,  Cream  of.  The  bitartrate 
of  potash.  See  Potass^e  Bitartras. 

Tar' tar  E-met'ic.  The  tartrate  of 
antimony  and  potassa  ( Antimo'nii  et 
jjotas'sse  tar'tras ) of  the  U.S.  Pharmaco- 
poeia, or  Anti-mo’ niurn  tartara’tum  (Br. 
Ph.),  also  termed  Antimo'nii  potas'sio- 
t~ir'tras , and  Antimo’nium  tartarizci’ turn. 
Tartar  emetic  is  the  most  valuable  of  all 
the  preparations  of  antimony.  It  is  a 
powerful  arterial  sedative : in  small  doses 
it  acts  as  a diaphoretic,  in  largo  quanti- 
ties as  an  emetic,  and  sometimes  as  a 
cathartic. 

Tar'ta-rat-ecl  An'ti-mo-ny.  [Anti- 
inoiiiaim  Tartora'tum.]  See  Tar- 
tar Emetic. 

Tar-tar'ic.  [Tartar'icus.]  Applied 
to  an  acid  obtained  from  tartar.  It  is 
refrigerant  and  antiseptic. 

Tar'tfa-razetl  An'limony.  [Amfi- 
mt>' ilium  Tartar! za' turn.]  See  Tar- 
tar Emetic. 

Tar'trate.  [Tar'tras,  a'fi#.]  A com- 
bination of  tartaric  acid  with  a base. 

Tartrate  of  Antimony  and  Po- 
tassa. See  Tartar  Emetic. 

Tartre  des  ©ents,  taRtR  d&  doN®. 
("Tartar  of  the  Teeth/’)  The  French 
term  for  Odontolithtts,  which  see. 

Taste.  [Lat.  Gas'tns;  Fr.  Gout,  goo.] 
That  sense  by  which  we  perceive  the  sa- 
vors of  certain  bodies  upon  the  tongue, 
which  is  its  principal  organ.  The  lips, 
the  inside  of  the  cheeks,  the  palate, 
teeth,  velum  pendulum  palati,  pharynx, 
oesophagus,  and  even  the  stomach,  are 
also  susceptible  of  impressions  by  con- 
tact with  the  same  bodies,  which  are 
termed  sapid  bodies. 

Taste,  Morbid.  See  Paragetjsis. 

Taste'less  A'gue-l>rop.  An  arseni- 
cal solution,  formerly  in  great  repute,  for 
which  Fowler’s  solution,  or  the  Liquor 
arsenicalis,  is  now  substituted. 

Taste'less  Salt.  A name  for  phos- 
phate of  soda. 

Tau'rin.  [Taiari'na;  from  ravpog, 
a "bull.”]  A particular  animal  sub- 
stance in  bile,  first  discovered  in  ox- 
gall. 

Tau-ro-cSiol'ic.  [Taurocliol'ious; 

from  tau'rns , a " bull,”  or  " ox,”  and  yoX/j, 
“ bile.”]  A term  applied  to  a peculiar 
acid  found  m the  bile  of  the  ox,  asso- 
ciated with  ylychofic  acid.  The  latter, 
or  a substance  nearly  allied  to  it,  is  found 
in  the  human  bile,  in  which,  however, 
taurocholic  acid  appears  to  be  wanting. 

Taxacese,*  tax-a'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
550 


found  in  the  milder  climates  of  a great 
part  of  the  world.  It  includes  the 
Tax'us  (Yew),  anti  other  trees  which  are 
valuable  for  timber. 

Tax-I-der'mic.  [TaxMer'miciBS.] 
Belonging  to  taxidermy. 

Tax-i-der'my.  [Taxider'mia; 

from  ru£<s,  " arrangement,”  and  dipya,  a 
"skin.”]  The  art  of  stufiing  and  pre- 
serving the  skins  of  animals  so  as  to  re- 
present their  natural  appearance,  habits, 
and  attitudes  in  life. 

Tax 'is.*  [From  racroco,  to  "put  in 
order.”]  The  operation  of  replacing  by 
the  hand,  without  instruments,  any  parts 
which  have  quitted  their  natural  situa- 
tion, as  in  the  reduction  of  hernia,  etc. 

Tax-ol'o-^y,  or  Tax-on 'o-rny. 
[From  ra£tj,  "arrangement,”  and  \6yo$,  a 
" discourse.”]  The  department  of  Botany 
which  relates  to  classification. 

Tax-on'o-my.  [Taxono'mia;  from 
rd£.'f,  " arrangement,”  and  voyog,  a "law.”] 
The  theory  of  classifications,*  the  laws 
which  preside  at  their  construction.  See 
Taxology. 

Tax' (Fr.  If  \ £f.)  The  Yew-tree. 
A tree  belonging  to  the  order  or  tribe 
Conifer se.  The  leaves  have  been  em- 
ployed as  a remedy  in  epilepsy. 

Tea.  [Lat.  Tlie'a;  Fr.  The,  tA]  The 
dried  leaves  of  a Chinese  evergreen  shrub, 
of  which  there  are  two  varieties,  the 
Then  Ni'yra.  black  or  bohea  tea,  and 
Thca  Vir'idisy  green  tea.  It  belongs  to 
the  Linnman  class  Polyandria,  and  nat- 
ural order  Te  rust  rom  iaccue.  In  the  form 
of  an  infusion  it  is  used  more  exten- 
sively than  any  other  artificial  beverage. 
It  is  slightly  astringent,  and  produces  a 
decidedly  exhilarating  effect  on  the  ner- 
vous system.  When  taken  by  those  who 
are  unaccustomed  to  it,  it  causes  wake- 
fulness. 

Tear.  [Lat.  Lacli'ryma,  or  lac'ry- 

ma;  Gr.  6aKp<'pn,  or  ddicpvois  ; Fr.  Larme , 
laRin.]  A limpid  fluid  secreted  bv  the 
lachrymal  gland,  and,  in  the  ordinary 
condition  of  the  part,  diffused  between 
the  eyeball  and  eyelids,  to  facilitate  their 
movements.  A permanent  and  morbid 
excess  of  this  secretion  is  termed  Epi- 
phora (which  see).  The  tears  are  saline, 
with  a slight  alkaline  reaction,  turning 
delicate  vegetable  blues  to  green.  The 
term  tear  is  also  applied  to  drops  (or  small 
pieces)  of  gum  of  a globular  or  semi- 
globular  shape,  having  dried  in  the  form 
they  present  on  issuing  from  the  plant. 

Teeli-iio-cau  'sis.**  [From  Ttxynt 
"art,”  and  icavaig,  a "burning.”]  Artifi- 


TEC 


TEM 


cial  burning,  or  application  of  the  moxa, 
hot  iron,  etc. 

Tecl»-ii«>l'o-&y-  [Technolo'gia ; 

from  Ttx.vriy  “art,”  and  Aoyoj,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  art  or  the  arts, 
especially  the  useful  arts:  a description 
of  the  arts. 

Tec-noc-io'nl-a.*  [From  tckvov,  a 
“ child, ” and  ktslucj,  to  “kill.”]  Child- 
murder,  or  infanticide. 

Tec-tl-bran'clil-ate.  [Tectibran- 
cbia'tus;  from  tec’ tun , “ covered/’  and 
bran'chisei]  Having  branchiae  more  or 
less  covered  by  the  mantle.  Applied  to 
an  order  of  Mollusks. 

Tec-tri'ce&,*  the  plural  of  Tectrix. 

Tec'trix,  icia.*  [From  te'go,  tec' turn,  to 
“ cover.”]  Covering  or  hiding.  Applied 
in  the  plural  ( tectri'ces ) to  the  feathers 
which  cover  the  quill-feathers  and  other 
parts  of  the  wings  of  birds. 

Teeth.  See  Tooth. 

Teeth,  Cri'inding  of.  See  Stridor 
Dentium. 

Teeth,  Per'ma-nent.  [I>en'tes 
Perinaaieii'tes.]  A term  applied  to 
the  teeth  of  the  adult,  thirty-two  in 
all.  See  Tooth. 

Teeth 'ing.  Cutting  of  the  teeth,  or 
dentition. 

Teg'men,  inis*  or  Teg-men  'turn.* 

[From  te’go,  to  “ cover.”]  A covering, 
whether  scale  or  membrane,  of  fruits, 
flowers,  etc. : thus,  the  scales  covering  the 
leaf-buds  of  deciduous  trees  of  cold  cli- 
mates are  called  tegmenta.  Applied  to  the 
inner  coat  of  the  seeds  of  plants.  Also 
applied  to  the  superior  wings  of  insects 
when  coriaceous  or  pergamcntaceous,  and 
furnished  with  nervures,  as  in  the  Orthop- 
tera. 

Tcg-men'(a,:!:  the  plural  of  Tegmen- 
tum, which  see. 

Teg'ini-nate.  [Tegmina'tns.]  En- 
veloped in  a tegmen. 

Teg'u-ment.  [Tegnmen'tu  m ; 

from  te’go , to  “cover.”]  Applied  to  a 
membrane  which  covers  the  sori  of  ferns 
(the  indusium,  or  involucrum , of  some  au- 
thors). Also,  nearly  the  same  as  In- 
tegument. 

Tegument,  t&'gii'moN0'.  The  French 
term  for  Integument,  which  see. 

Teig'ne,  ten  or  t&ii.  The  French  term 
for  Porrigo,  which  see. 

Te'la.*  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“web.”  Applied  to  a membrane  or  tissue. 

Te'la  Ad-i-po'sa.*  A name  for 
Adipose  Membrane,  which  see. 

Te'la  Cel-lu-lo'sa.*  A name  for 
Cellular  Tissue,  which  see. 


Te'la  Chor-o-i'de-a.*  (“  Choroid 
Web.”)  A membranous  prolongation  of 
the  pia  mater  in  the  third  ventricle. 

Te-lan-gi-ec-ta'sl-a,*  or  Te-lan-^i- 
ec'ta-sis.*  [From  t£\os,  the  “end,” 
ayyeiov,  a “vessel,”  and  Zktcktis,  “exten- 
sion.”] Literally,  an  extension  of  the 
terminations  of  the  vessels  (i.e.  of  the 
capillaries).  A term  for  the  dilatation 
of  the  capillary  vessels. 

Te-lan-gi-o'sis.*  [Frcm  rcXog,  the 
“end,”  and  dyyciov , a “vessel.”]  Disease 
of  the  capillary  vessels. 

Tel-e-ol'o-gy.  [Teleolo'gia ; from 
reXog,  “end,”  or  “purpose,”  and  Ad^o?,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  of  final 
causes;  i.e.  the  doctrine  that  the  different 
parts  of  the  universe  have  been  created 
for  a special  end  or  purpose. 

Tele-scope.  [Telesco'pium ; from 
t f/Ae,  “far  off,”  and  ono-niu,  to  “observe,” 
or  to  “see.”]  An  optical  instrument  tor 
viewing  distant  objects;  a tube  having 
a convex  object-glass  at  one  end,  and  a 
convex  (or  concave)  lens  at  the  other, 
placed  at  the  distance  of  the  sum  (or 
difference)  of  their  focal  lengths.  Tele- 
scopes are  of  two  kinds,  ref  i acting  and 
reflecting : the  former  depending  on  the 
use  of  properly  figured  lenses  through 
which  the  rays  of  light  pass;  and  the 
latter  on  the  use  of  specula  or  polished 
metallic  mirrors  which  reflect  the  rays. 

Tellurate.  See  Telluric. 

Tel'ln-rat-ed.  [Tellwra'lus.]  Ap- 
plied to  a gas  which  holds  tellurium  in 
solution. 

Tel-fiu'ric.  [Tellu'riciis;  from  tel- 
lu'rium.]  Belonging  to  tellurium.  Ap- 
plied to  the  peroxide  of  tellurium,  which 
is  called  telluric  acid,  and  combines  with 
many  of  the  metallic  oxides,  producing 
a class  of  compounds  called  Tellurates. 

Tel-lu'ri-iim.*  [From  Tel'lvs,  the 
“earth.”  It  may  be  observed  that  many 
of  the  metals  are  named  from  the  differ- 
ent planets.  Besides  the  well-known 
examples  of  Mercury  and  Saturn  (Latin 
Saturnus , a name  for  “lead”),  we  have 
Cerium  from  Ceres,  Palladium  from  Pal- 
las, Selenium  from  oeXrivri,  the  “moon,” 
etc.J  A rare  metal  found  in  the  gold- 
mines of  Transylvania.  It  is  white, 
brilliant,  brittle,  and  easily  fusible.  Its 
specific  gravity  is  about  6.25. 

Temp.  dext.  — Tcm’pori  dex’tro .* 
“To  the  right  temple.” 

Tempe.  See  Temple. 

Tem'per-a-ment.  [ Temperamen'- 
turn;  from  tem'pero,  tempera' turn,  to 
“mix,”  to  “temper;”  because  it  was 
551 


TEM 


TEM 


supposed  to  depend  on  the  mixture  or 
apportioning  of  the  different  humors  of 
the  body.]  The  peculiar  constitution  of 
the  body;  that  peculiarity  of  physical 
organization  which  to  a certain  extent 
influences  the  disposition  and  character 
of  men. 

Many  of  the  old  physiologists  attached 
great  importance  to  temperament.  The 
different  kinds  have  been  variously  dis- 
tinguished by  different  writers : the  best 
classification  is  perhaps  the  following : — 

1.  The  Sanguineous  (or  Sanguine) 
Temperament,  characterized  by  a fair  and 
ruddy  complexion,  yellow,  red,  or  light 
auburn  hair,  a full,  muscular  develop- 
ment, large,  full  veins,  and  an  active 
pulse,  all  indicating  an  abundant  supply 
of  blood.  Persons  of  this  description, 
are  usually,  it  is  said,  of  a hopeful  dispo- 
sition, fond  of  pleasure,  with  strong  and 
eager  passions,  but  deficient  in  constancy 
of  purpose,  especially  when  the  object  of 
their  pursuit  can  only  be  won  by  perse- 
verance and  long  delay. 

2.  The  Bilious  Temperament,  cha- 
racterized by  a preponderance  of  bile, 
indicated  by  a dark  or  sallow  complex- 
ion, black  hair,  and  a slow  or  moderate 
circulation  of  the  blood.  Persons  of 
this  temperament,  it  is  said,  arc  apt  to 
be  grave  and  thoughtful,  remarkable  for 
firmness  and  tenacity  of  purpose,  capa- 
ble of  long  endurance,  constant  in  their 
attachments,  implacable  in  their  hate, 
etc.  It  has  been  remarked,  by  a modern 
writer,  that  nearly  all  the  great  tyrants 
mentioned  in  history,  appear  to  have 
possessed  a large  share  of  the  bilious 
temperament. 

The  term  choleric , though  often  used 
(in  accordance  with  its  etymology)  as 
synonymous  with  bilious,  implies,  in  its 
popular  acceptation,  a certain  combina- 
tion of  the  bilious  and  sanguineous  tem- 
peraments. 

3.  The  Lymphatic  (or  Phlegmatic) 
Temperament,  resulting,  according  to 
the  old  physiologists,  from  the  predomi- 
nance of  lymph,  or  phlegm  (which  was 
regarded  as  the  cold  and  watery  humor 
of  the  body),  in  the  system.  It  is 
characterized  by  a fair  but  not  ruddy 
complexion,  light  hair,  and  a general 
softness  or  laxity  of  the  tissues.  Per- 
sons of  this  temperament,  it  is  said,  are 
apt  to  be  of  a mild  and  amiable  dis- 
position, but  to  possess  little  activity  or 
force  of  character. 

The  ancients  reckoned  also  among  the 
temperaments  the  Atrabilious  or  Me- 
552 


lancholic,  characterized  by  a predomh 
nance  of  black  bile  (which  was  supposed 
to  be  secreted  by  the  spleen),  rendering 
the  disposition  melancholy  and  morose; 
and  when  in  great  excess,  producing  hyr 
pochondriasis.  This,  however,  is  so  ob- 
viously a diseased  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem that  it  scarcely  merits  a place  among 
the  other  temperaments,  which  are,  pro- 
perly, not  forms  of  disease,  but  merely 
constitutional  peculiarities. 

To  the  foregoing  has  been  added,  more 
recently, — 

4.  The  Nervous  Temperament,  cha- 
racterized by  the  predominance  of  the 
nervous  element,  and  by  great  activity 
or  susceptibility  of  the  great  nervous 
centre,  the  brain.  Persons  possessing 
this  temperament  are  usually  distin- 
guished by  their  impressibility,  their 
capability  of  intense  feeling  or  intense 
excitement  (which  is  often,  however,  not 
manifested  externally),  and  by  the  gene- 
ral activity  of  all  those  functions  directly 
dependent  upon  the  brain  and  nervous 
system.  Literary ' mcn;  especially  those 
distinguished  in  poetry  or  imaginative 
literature,  are  usually  of  this  tempera- 
ment. 

It  must,  however,  be  borne  in  mind, 
that  in  no  instance  is  any  one  tempera- 
ment to  be  found  absolutely  unmixed, 
but  even  in  the  most  strongly-markecl 
cases  it  will  be  qualified  by  elements  be- 
longing to  the  other  temperaments, — not 
to  speak  of  the  modifications  caused  by 
moral  or  educational  influences.  Yet,  if 
we  take  the  most  remarkable  examples 
of  each  class, — that  is,  those  in  which 
the  peculiar  characteristics  of  some  one 
temperament  are  most  fully  developed 
with  the  smallest  admixture  of  other 
elements, — we  shall  probably  find  that, 
though  much  of  a merely  fanciful  cha- 
racter has  been  written  on  this  subject, 
the  views  of  the  old  physiologists  are  not 
without  considerable  foundation  in  truth. 

Tem'pe-ramce.  [Robri'etas,  or 
Tempeiran'tia;  from  the  same.]  Mode- 
ration in  eating  and  drinking,  an  indis- 
pensable condition  to  the  enjoyment  of 
perfect  health. 

Temperantia,*  tem-pe-ran'shc-a. 
[From  the  same.]  Agents  which  reduce 
the  temperature  of  the  body  when  un- 
duly augmented,  as  cold,  acids,  certain 
salts,  etc. 

TTem'per-ato.  [Tempera'lias;  from 
the  same.]  Moderate;  without  excess; 
tempered. 

'S'cm'ixjr-ft-ture.  [Temperatu'ra; 


TEM 


TEN 


from  the  same.]  A definite  or  certain 
degree  of  sensible  heat,  as  measured  by 
the  thermometer. 

Tein'ple.  [Lat.  Tem'pus,  oris , plu- 
ral Tem'pora;  Gr.  Kporaifog  ; Er.  Tempe, 
toMp.]  The  lateral  region  of  the  head 
above  a line  drawn  from  the  eye  and  to 
the  ear.  In  Entomology,  the  part  from 
each  side  of  the  posterior  half  of  the  eyes 
between  the  forehead  and  the  vertex. 

Tem'po-ra,*  the  plural  of  tem'pus, 
the  temple  of  tbo  head. 

Tem'po-ral.  [Tempora'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  tcmpora,  or  temples. 

Tem-po-ra'lis.*  (“  Temporal  [Mus- 
cle]/’) A muscle  arising  from  the  tem- 
poral fossa  and  the  semicircular  line 
bounding  it,  and  inserted  into  the  upper 
part  of  the  coronoid  process  of  the  lower 
jaw.  It  draws  the  jaw  upwards. 

Temporary  Teeth.  See  Tooth. 

Tenxi'u-lence.  [Temulen'tia;  from 
teme'tum,  “ strong  wine.”]  Drunken- 
ness; intoxication. 

Te-iua^'i-ty.  [Tena^'itas,  a 'tic; 
from  te'nax,  tena'cis , “tenacious.”]  The 
power  of  resistance  which  bodies  oppose 
to  efforts  to  break  them  either  by  shock, 
pressure,  or  traction. 

Te-mac'w-limm.*  [From  te'neo,  to 
“hold  fast.”]  A small,  liook-shaped  in- 
strument for  taking  up  divided  vessels. 

Teai'cM-Bnes,*  gen.  Ten'dl-mtBirB,  the 
plural  of  Tendo,  which  see. 

Tem'di-Diomis.  [TeandiEtio'suis ; from 
ten’ do,  ten' dims,  a “tendon.”]  Pertain- 
ing to  tendons,  Or  like  tendons. 

ToemIo  Achillas.  See  Achillis, 
Tendo. 

TeEi'dOBi.  [Teit'do,  inis  or  o nis, 
plural  Tern 'dimes,  or  Teai'doaies; 
from  ten' do,  to  “stretch.”]  A white, 
fibrous  cord,  more  or  less  round,  by 
which  a muscle  is  attached  to  a bone; 
vulgarly,  a “guider.” 

Ten'dril.  [Cir'nis.]  A tendril  is 
commonly  a thread-like,  leafless  branch, 
capable  of  coiling  spirally,  by  which 
some  climbing  plants  attach  themselves 
to  surrounding  bodies  for  support.  Some- 
times tendrils  belong  to  the  leaves,  as  in 
the  pea. 

Te-mes'mnis.*  [From  rdvoj,  to 
“ stretch,”  or  “strain.”]  A constant  de- 
sire to  go  to  stool,  with  great  straining, 
but  no  discharge. 

Terns -osi-tog,/B*a-pSBy.  [Tenoaito- 
gjra'pSuiia;  from  tevcjv,  tevovto^,  a “ten- 
don,” and  ypdcp w,  to  “write.”]  A descrip- 
tion or  delineation  of  the  tendons. 

Ten-on-tol  'o-gy.  [Tenon tolo  gia ; 

4T* 


from  t&uojv,  a “tendon,”  and  \6yo$,  a 
“discourse.”]  The  doctrine  or  scienoe 
of  the  tendons. 

Te-not'o-niy.  [Tenoto'mia;  from 
Ttvow,  a “tendon,”  and  ripi w,  to  “cut.”] 
The  cutting  of  a tendon  with  a view  to 
remedy  certain  distortions  caused  by  mus- 
cular contractions.  See  Loxartiiron. 

Ten'sion.  [Ten'sio,  o 'nis;  from 
ten’ do,  ten' sum,  to  “stretch.”]  The  act 
of  stretching  or  straining;  the  state  of 
being  stretched  or  drawn  tight. 

Ten  sive.  [Tensi'vtis;  from  the 
same.]  Tending  to  stretch  or  make  tense. 
Attended  with  a feeling  of  tension. 

Tensor,  o'r is*  [From  the  same.] 
A stretcher,  or  extender,  or  that  which 
stretches  or  makes  tense.  Applied  to 
certain  muscles. 

Tensor  Tym'pa-ni.*  (“Stretcher 
of  the  Tympanum.”)  A muscle  of  the 
tympanum  which  by  its  contraction  acts 
upon  the  membrana  tympani  and  modi- 
fies the  sense  of  hearing. 

Tem'sor  Va-gi'nje  Feim'o-ris.** 
(“That  which  makes  teme  the  Sheath 
of  the  Thigh.”)  The  name  of  a muscle 
which  arises  from  the  spine  of  the  ilium 
and  is  inserted  into  the  fascia  lata, 
whence  it  is  also  called  Fascia'lis  and 
Fascia  lata.  It  stretches  the  fascia,  etc. 

Tent.  [Ten'ta,  Linamen'tiun, 
JPemicirimm : from  ten' do,  ten' sum  or 
ten' turn,  to  “ stretch,”  or  “ spread.”]  A roll 
of  lint,  or  piece  of  prepared  sponge,  for 
keeping  open  or  dilating  sores,  sinuses, etc. 

Tent,  Sponge.  Sec  Sionge-Tent. 

Temtaefle.  See  Tentaculum. 

Ten-tac'u-la,*  the  plural  of  Tentac- 
ulum, which  see. 

Tem-tac'11-Iate.  [Tentacula  tus; 

from  tentac'  ulumd]  Having  tentacula  or 
appendages  resembling  tentacula. 

Tem-tac'u-lwm,*  plural  Ten-tac'n- 
la.  [F  rum  ten' to,  to  “feel  often.”]  A 
tentacle,  or  feeler.  This  term  is  used  in 
a restricted  sense  to  signify  the  long, 
filiform,  inarticulate  appendage  of  the 
mouth  of  Anellata  or  Annelides.  It  is 
also  applied  to  all  appendages,  whether 
jointed  or  not,  which  are  used  as  instru- 
ments of  exploration  and  prehension. 

Ten-to'ri-iim.*  [From  ten'do,  ten '- 
turn,  to  “stretch.”]  Originally,  a tent  or 
pavilion.  Applied  to  the  horizontal  pro- 
cess of  the  dura  mater  between  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum. 

Tem-u-fl-c©s-ta'tns.*  [From  ten'uis , 
“slender,”  and  cos'ta,  a “rib.”]  Having 
slender  ribs.  Applied  to  the  leaves  of 
plants. 


553 


TEN 


TER 


Ten-vi-i-fio  'ms.*  [From  ten'uis, 
“slender,”  “thin,”  and  flos,  a “flower.”] 
Ha  ving  slender  flowers  : tenuifio'rous. 

Ten-u-i-sil-i-qua'tus.*  [From  ten'- 
uis, “slender,”  “thin,”  and  sil'iqua,  a 
“pod.”]  Having  slender  pods. 

Te'pal.  [Analogous  to  Sepal.]  A 
name  proposed  for  a leaf  or  part  of  a 
perianth  when  it  is  uncertain  whether  it 
belongs  to  the  calyx  or  corolla. 

Tep-i-cla'rl-um.*  [From  tep'idus, 
“lukewarm.”]  A warm  or  tepid  bath. 

Ter-.  “Thrice.”  A prefix  to  names 
of  salts,  denoting  that  three  atoms  of 
acid  are  combined  with  one  of  base. 

Ter-a-tol'o-gy.  [Teratolo'gia; 
from  Tzpag,Tipa~og,  a “monster,”  and  A dyog, 
a “discourse.”]  That  branch  of  Physi- 
ology which  treats  of  monsters,  or  the 
various  malformations  of  the  organic 
kingdoms  of  nature. 

Ter-elilo'rMe  of  For'myle.  A 
name  for  Chloroform,  which  see. 

Ter'^ine.  [Terci'na;  from  ter, 
“thrice.”]  The  third  coat  of  the  ovule 
of  a plant, — i.e.  the  inner  coat  when  the 
ovule  has  three. 

Ter-e-bel'la.**  [Diminutive  of  ter'e- 
bra,  a “gimlet.”]  A kind  of  instrument 
with  which  the  posterior  part  of  a great 
number  of  insects  is  provided,  serving 
to  pierce  the  epidermis  of  vegetables,  or 
the  skin  of  animals,  in  order  to  deposit 
their  eggs.  Also,  an  old  name  for  the 
trepan. 

Terebintacese,*  ter-e-bin-ta'she-e,  or 
Ter-e-bin-ttaa'ce-se.**  [From  Tcrebin'- 
thu8 , one  of  the  genera..]  The  Jussieuan 
name  of  a natural  order  of  plants.  It 
has  been  divided  by  Brown,  and  its 
genera  have  been  chiefly  distributed 
between  the  orders  Anacardiacese  and 
Amyridacese. 

Ter-e-bin'thi-na.*  (“  Turpentine.”) 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  concrete  juice  of  the  Pinus  palustrh, 
and  of  other  species  of  Pinus.  It  is 
stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and,  in 
large  doses,  laxative. 

Terebin'tbina  A-;mer-I-ca'na.* 
The  name  for  an  oleo-resin  from  the  Pi- 
nus palustris  and  Pinus  tseda. 

Te  r ebi  n ' t h i n a Can  -a-den  'sis* 

(“Canada  Turpentine”),  or  ISal'sam  of 
Fir.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the 
juice  of  the  Abies  balsamen.  It  is  some- 
times called  Bal' samum  Canaden'se,  or 
“ Canada  Balsam.” 

Terobiii'thina  Fbi'a.*  The  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.) 
for  the  Chian  (or  Cyprian)  turpentine. 
554 


Terebin'tbina  Yen'e-ta.*  The 

Pharmacopoeial  name  (Ed.  Ph.)  for 
Venice  turpentine,  obtained  from  Pinus 
larix,  or  the  larch-tree. 

Terebin'tbina  Yul-g-a'ris.*  Com- 
mon turpentine  obtained  from  Pinus 
sylvestris. 

Terebinth ina?  Oleum.  See  Oleum 
Terebinthin^e. 

Ter-e-bin'tbi-nate.  [Terebinthi- 

na'tus.]  Of  the  nature  of  turpentine; 
containing  turpentine. 

Ter 'e-bra,*  and  Ter-e-bel'la.* 

[From  ter'ebro,  to  “bore.”]  Literally,  a 
“borer.”  In  Surgery,  a trepan. 

Terebrantia,';:  ter-e-bran'she-a. 

[Neuter  plural  of  ter’ebrans , present  par- 
ticiple of  ter'ebro,  to  “bore.”]  Literally, 
“boring  [animals].”  A term  applied  to 
a section  of  hymenopterous  insects  pos- 
sessing an  instrument  (termed  ter'ebro , 
or  “borer”)  for  perforating  bodies  in 
order  to  deposit  their  eggs.  Some  of  the 
Tercbrantia,  for  example,  the  ichneumon- 
fly,  deposit  their  ova  in  the  subcutaneous 
fatty  matter  found  in  the  larvae  and 
pupae  of  other  insects,  so  that  their  young 
when  hatched  are  abundantly  provided 
with  the  needful  nourishment. 

Te'res,*  gen.  Ter'e-tis.  A Latin 
adjective,  signifying  “long  and  round,” 
“terete.”  Applied  to  two  muscles,  the 
major  and  minor,  which  arise  from  the 
scapula  and  are  inserted  into  the  hume- 
rus. They  move  the  arm  in  various  di- 
rections. 

Te-rete'.  [From  te'res,  “long  and 
round.”]  Long  and  round, — that  is, 
having  the  cross-section  circular. 

Ter-e-tl-cau'lis.*  [From  te'res, 
“round,”  “terete,”  and  can' l is,  a “stem.”] 
Having  a fine  rounded  stem. 

Ter-gemi'i-nate.  [Torg'em'inus ; 
from  ter,  “thrice,”  and  gem'inns,  “dou- 
ble.”] “Three  times  double,”  or  thrice 
twin ; as  when  a forked  leaf-stalk  has 
two  leaflets  at  the  end  of  each  portion, 
and  two  at  the  division  of  the  fork. 

Ter-&I-sper'niiis.*  [From  ter' gum, 
the  “back,”  and  tmipya,  “seed.”]  Bear- 
ing reproductive  corpuscles  on  the  back 
of  the  leaves:  tergispermous. 

Ter'mi-nal.  [From  ter' minus,  an 
“end.”]  Relating  to  the  end.  Often 
applied  substantively  to  the  terminating 
syllable  or  syllables  of  a compound 
term,  as  -ate  in  Sulphate,  - ides  in  Cono- 
idcs.  In  Botany,  belonging  or  relating 
to  the  summit. 

Tcr-ini-na'li-a.*  A genus  of  East 
Indian  plants  of  the  natural  order  Com- 


TER 


TES 


bretaccse.  It  bears  a fruit  called  Myro- 
balan,  which  see. 

Ter-ml-nolo-gy.  [Terminolo'- 

gia;  from  te/mimis,  a “term,”  and  A oyoj; 
a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  doc- 
trine or  science  of  technical  terms  be- 
longing to  the  different  arts  and  sciences ; 
or  that  preliminary  knowledge  which 
teaches  us  to  define  the  technical  or  pe- 
culiar terms  employed.  Often  the  same 
as  Glossology. 

Ter'na-ry.  [Tcrna'rius;  from  ter'~ 
mis,  “three,”  or  “three  by  three.”]  Be- 
longing to  the  number  three,  or  consist- 
ing of  three.  Arranged  in  threes.  Ap- 
plied by  Dalton  to  any  chemical  com- 
pound formed  by  the  union  of  three 
atoms.  See  Atomic  Theory. 

Ter'nate.  [Terna'tus;  from  the 
same.]  Arranged  three  by  three,  or 
united  in  threes;  trifo’ia^e.  Applied  to 
compound  leaves,  such  as  that  of  the 
clover. 

Ter-ni-fEo'rows.  [TernflfJo'riis ; 

from  ter' mis,  “by  threes,”  and  jlos,  a 
“ flower.”]  Having  flowers  disposed  three 
by  three. 

Ter-BBi-fo'li-ons.  [TTemnafo'lius; 

from  ter'nus , “three  by  three,”  and  fo’- 
lium , a “leaf.”]  Having  verticillated 
leaves,  three  by  three. 

Ter-ni-spi'nws.*  [From  ter'mis, 
“ three  by  three,”  and  spi'na , a “thorn.”] 
Bearing  spines  which  are  arranged  three 
by  three. 

TernstroBiaiaceay*  tern-sirom-e-a'- 
shc-e.  [From  Ternstro’mia , one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  China,  Ja- 
pan, India,  and  America.  It  includes 
the  beautiful  Camel' lia  Jcpon’  lea  and 
the  The' a (tea-plant),  the  decoction  of 
which  is  a favorite  beverage  of  the  civi- 
lized world. 

Ter'ra.*  A Latin  word  signifying 
the  “land;”  hence,  applied  to  the  planet 
Earth,  also  to  the  substances  termed 
earths.  See  Earth. 

Ter'ra  Ja^posa'i-ca.*  (“Japan 
Ear.h.”)  See  Catechu. 

Ter'ra  T.em'ia2-a.*  (“Lemnian 
Earth.”)  An  argillaceous  substance, 
prepared,  it  is  said,  from  the  fruit  of  the 
Bao-bab  tree,  which  has  been  employed 
as  an  astringent. 

Ter'ra  ©-rel-la'ma,*  or  Ter'ra  ©a> 
le-a'isa.*  Names  for  Annotto,  which  see. 

Ter'ra  Feii-de-ro'sa.^-  (“  Heavy 
Earth.”)  See  Baryta. 

Ter'rse  O'le-tim.*  (“  Oil  of  Earth.”) 
A name  for  petroleum. 


T£r-ra/<iue-©us.  [From  ter'ra,  the 
“earth,”  and  a’ qua,  “water.”]  Consist- 
ing of  land  and  water. 

Ter-rene'.  [Terre'mis;  from  ter'ra , 
the  “earth.”]  Belonging  to  the  earth; 
terrestrial. 

T^r're-ous.  [Ter'reus;  from  the 
same.]  Of  the  nature  of  earth;  earthy. 

Ter-ro'sus.*  [From  ter'ra , “earth.”] 
Earthy,  or  full  of  earth. 

Tertian,  ter'shan.  [Tertia'ims ; 
from  ter' tins,  “third.”]  (Fr.  Tierce , te- 
euss'.)  Applied  to  one  of  the  most  com- 
mon forms  of  intermittent  fever,  in  which 
the  intermission  lasts  about  forty-eight 
hours,  and  thus  the  paroxysm  returns 
every  third  day;  a genus  of  the  order 
Febris,  class  Fi/rcxise,  of  Cullen’s  Nos- 
ology. 

Tertiary,  ter'she-a-Ye.  [Terifia'ri- 
us:  from  the  same.]  Tertiary  strata,  a 
series  of  sedimentary  rocks,  which  lie 
above  the  primary  and  secondary  strata, 
and  are  distinguished  from  them  by 
their  organic  remains. 

Tes'sel-lat-e<8.  [Tessella'tus;  from 
tcssel'la,  a “small  square  stone.”]  Hav- 
ing square  figures ; chequered. 

Tes'su-lar.  [From  tes'sula , diminu- 
tive of  tee' sera,  a “square,”  or  “square 
tile.”]  Applied  to  a system  of  crystals 
derived  from  the  hexahedron. 

Test.  [From  the  old  French  taster 
( tdter ),  to  “feel,”  to  “taste,”  to  “try.”] 
As  a verb,  it  signifies  to  “try,”  or 
“prove.”  Applied  in  Chemistry,  as  a 
noun,  to  any  thing  b}r  which  we  distin- 
guish the  chemical  nature  of  substances 
from  each  other:  thus,  infusion  of  galls 
is  a test  of  the  presence  of  iron,  which  it 
renders  evident  by  the  production  of  a 
black  color  in  water  and  other  liquids 
containing  that  metal. 

Tcst-Pa'per,  or  Lit  mus  Pa 'per. 
Paper  dipped  several  times  in  a filtered 
infusion  of  litmus,  and  dried  after  each 
immersion  until  it  is  of  a deep-purple 
color.  It  is  used  as  a test  of  the  pres- 
ence of  free  acids  or  alkalies. 

Tes'ta.*  Originally,  an  “ earthen  pot ;” 
also,  a “shell.”  The,  outer  seed-coat  or 
integument  of  a seed.  Also,  the  shell  of 
a molluscous  animal.  See  Shell. 

Tes'tfa.*  Oyster-shell.  The  Phar- 
macopceinl  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  shell 
of  the  Os'trea  edu'lis. 

Tes'ta  ©'vi.*  “Shell  of  Egg,”  or 
egg-shell. 

Testacea,*  tes-ta'she-a,  or  Tes-ta'- 
ceaws.  [From  tes’ta,  a “shell.”]  An 
order  of  molluscous  animals  comprising 
555 


TES 


TET 


'hose  which  have  a calcareous  shell. 
Jee  Shell. 

Testaceans,  See  Testacea. 

TestaceiSorm,  tes-ta'sheH-form. 

[Testaceifor'mis;  from  tes'ta,  a 
“shell.”]  Having  the  form  of  a kind  of 
shell. 

Testaceog-raphy,  tes-ta-she-og'ra-fe, 
[Testaceogra'pliia;  from  testa' ceus^ 
and  ypZ([ >w,  to  “write.”]  A description 
of  the  Testacea. 

Testaceology,  tes-ta-she-ol'o-j  e. 

[Testaceolo'gia;  from  testa’ ceus,  and 
\oyug,  a “ discourse/’]  A treatise  on  the 
Testacea  ; the  science  of  testaceous  mol- 
lusks;  Conch  ology. 

Tes-tu'ceous.  [Testa'ceus;  from 
tes'ta,  a “shell/’  or  “earthen  pot.”]  Be- 
longing to,  or  having,  a shell;  of  the 
nature  of  a shell.  In  Botany,  brownish 
yellow,  like  unglazed  earthen-ware. 

Tes'tes,*  gen.  Tes'ti-um,  the  plural 
of  Testis,  which  see. 

Tes'tes  Cer'e-l>ri.*  The  two  infe- 
rior and  posterior  of  the  tubercu/a  quad- 
riyemina. 

Testicle.  See  Testis. 

Testicle,  Inflamed,  or  Testicle, 
Swelled.  See  Orchitis. 

Tes-tic'n-late.  [Testicula'tus; 

from  testic'ulus , a “testicle.”]  Having 
the  appearance  of  small  testicles. 

Testicular  Coaxl.  See  Spermatic 
Cord. 

Tes-tic'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of  tes’ - 
<i*.]  A testicle.  See  Testis. 

Tes'tis,*  plural  Tes'tes.  [Literally, 
a “ witness because  they  furnish  evi- 
dence of  one’s  virility.]  A testicle,  or 
gland  which  secretes  the  semen ; oner  of 
two  small  ovoid  bodies  contained  in  the 
scrotum,  and  more  immediately  covered 
by  a strong  white  and  dense  coat  called 
Tu'nica  albnyin'ea. 

Tes'tis  Foe-min'e-os,*  or  Tes'tas 
Mu-li-e'l>ris.;;:’  (“Female  Testicle.”) 
A name  sometimes  applied  to  the  ovary. 

Tes-ti'tis,  idis.%  [From  tes’tis,  a 
“testicle.”]  The  same  as  Orchitis, 
which  see. 

Tes-tu'do,  inis*  plural  Tes-tu'di- 
nes.  [From  tes’ta,  a “shell.”]  A tor- 
toise; a genus  of  the  order  Chelonia. 
Applied  to  a melicerous  tumor  of  the 
scalp,  supposed  to  resemble  a tortoise. 

Te-tan'ic.  [Tetan'icos.]  Belong- 
ing to  tetanus.  Also  applied  to  a patient 
affected  with  tetanus  when  in  the  excited 
condition. 

Te-tan't-ca.*  [From  tet'anus."]  Agents 
which  augment  the  irritability  of  the 
556 


muscles  inducing  tetanus  or  spasm,  as 
strychnia,  etc. 

Tet'a-node.  [Tetano'des:  from 
tet'anus,  and  eicog,  a “form,”  or  “resem- 
blance.”] Literally,  “ affected  with  some- 
thing resembling  tetanus.”  Applied  to  a 
patient  affected  with  tetanus  when  in 
the  unexcited  state,  as  distinguished 
from  his  being  excited  or  tetanic. — (M. 
Hall.) 

Tet  a-noid.  [Tetanoi'des;  from 

the  same.]  Resembling  tetanus. 

Tet'a^nus.*  [From  reiu a>,  to  “stretch.”] 
(Fr.  Tetanus , t&'t&'nos'.)  A disease  in 
which  there  is  a spasmodic  contraction 
of  the  muscles  of  voluntary  motion,  with 
tension  and  rigidity  of  the  parts  affected; 
spasm  with  rigidity.  A genus  of  the 
order  Spasmi , class  Neuroses,  of  Cullen’s 
Nosology. 

Tel' anus  €om-pIe'tws.*  (“  Com- 
plete Tetanus.”)  A variety  of  tetanus, 
consisting  in  the  spasmodic  and  rigid 
contraction  of  the  greater  number  of 
the  voluntary  muscles,  which  thus  an- 
tagonize and  counteract  one  another. 

Tetanus  Emprosthotonos.  See 

Emprosthotonos. 

Tetanus  Opisthotonos.  See  Opis- 
thotonos. 

Tetanus  Pleurothotonos.  See 

Pleurothotonos. 

Tet'anus  Tris'inus.*  A variety  of 
tetanus,  consisting  in  spastic  rigidity  of 
the  muscles  of  the  lower  jaw;  locked- 
jaw. 

Tet'ra-.  [Gr.  r hpa,  for  Acaepa,  “ four.”] 
A prefix  denoting  the  number  four. 

Tet-ra^car'pel-la-ry.  [From  At  pa, 
“four,”  and  car'pel.~\  Consisting  of  four 
carpels. 

Tet-ra-cliot'o-nnous.  [Tetraclnot'- 
omus;  from  Arpa\a,  “in  four  parts,” 
and  Apv co,  to  “cut.”]  Cut  or  divided 
into  four  parts. 

Tet-ra-cl y-na ' mi -a.  * [From  rcrpa, 
“four,”  and  tivi/a/iig,  “power.”]  The  fif- 
teenth Linnaean  class  of  plants,  compris- 
ing those  which  have  four  long  and  two 
short  stamens. 

Tet-ra-dyn'a-mous.  [Tetradyna  - 

mius;  from  the  same.]  Having  six 
stamens,  of  w’hich  four  are  long  and  two 
short. 

Tetraedron.  See  Tetrahedron. 

Tet-ra-fo'll-ale.  [Tetrafolia'tus; 
from  Arpa , “four,”  and  fo' Hum , a “leaf.”] 
Having  bijugate  leaves.  Applied  to  a 
pinnate  leaf  with  two  pairs  of  leaflets. 

Tet'ra-g-on.  [Tetrag'o'iiiiin ; from 
Arpa,  “four,”  and  yowia,  an  “angl^.”]  A 


TET 


THA 


figure  of  four  angles  and  sides;  a quad- 
rangle. 

Tet-rag'o-iaal.  [Tetrag-o'mis.] 

Belonging  to  a tetragon;  four-angled. 

Tetragoniaceae,*  tet-ra-go-ne-a'- 
she-e.  [From  Tetrago'nia , ope  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
succulent  plants  (mostly  herbaceous), 
found  in  the  South  Sea  Islands  and  in 
the  tropics. 

Tet-ra-gyn  i-ous.  [Tetragyn'ius ; 

from  rerpa,  “four,”  and  ywr),  a “woman,” 
or  “female.”]  Having  four  pistils.  Ap- 
plied to  a Linnaean  order. 

Tet-rag'y-nous.  The  same  as  Tet- 
ragynious,  which  see. 

Tet-ra-li  e '<1  ri-cal . [Tet  ralie 'd  ri- 

cns.]  Belonging  to  a tetrahedron. 

Tet-ra-tie'<lroii.  [Tetrahcdrum ; 
from  rerpa,  “four,”  and  edpa,  a “base.”] 
A solid  figure  bounded  by  four  equilate- 
ral and  equal  triangles.  It  is  one  of  the 
Platonic  bodies,  or  regular  solids. 

Te-tram'e- rous.  [From  rerpa,  “four,” 
and  piepog,  a “part.”]  Having  four  parts 
in  each  whorl.  Applied  to  flowers  which 
have  four  petals,  four  stamens,  etc.  It 
is  often  printed  thus : 4-merous. 

Te t-ran 'd ri-a. * [From  rerpa,  “four,” 
and  auT/p,  a “man,”  or  “male.”]  The 
fourth  Linnaean  class  of  plants,  com- 
prising those  which  have  four  stamens 
in  each  flower. 

Tet-raii'droias.  [Tetran 'drills ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  four  stamens. 

Tet-ra-phyl'lous.  [TetrapfiiyT- 
lus;  from  rerpa , “four,”  and  x^vXkov,  va 
“leaf.”]  Having  four  leaves. 

Te-trap'o-dous.  [Tetrap'oclus ; 
from  rerpa , “four,”  and  tt ovs,  a “foot.”] 
Having  four  feet. 

Te-trap'ter-ics.*  [From  rn-pa,  “four,” 
and  Trrepov,  a “wing.”]  Tetrapterous; 
having  four  wings.  Applied  to  plants. 

Tet-ra-sep  'a-lous.  [Tetirasep'a- 
lus;  from  rerpa , “four,”  and  sep'alus, 
a “sepal.”]  Having  four  sepals. 

Tet-ra-sper ' ma-tous.  [ Tet  rasper'- 
matus;  from  rerpa,  “four,”  and  aireppa,  a 
“seed.”]  Having  four  seeds. 

Tet-ra-ste'mo-iiis.'^  [From  rerpa, 
“four,”  and  crrjpuov,  a “stamen.”]  Hav- 
ing four  stamens. 

Te-tras'ta-elfious.  [Tetras'ticliiis ; 

from  rerpa,  “four,”  and  arixog,  a “row.”] 
Disposed  in  four  vertical  ranks.  Applied 
to  leaves. 

Tet-ra-sty'lous.  [Tetrasty 'lus ; 

from  rerpa,  “ four,”  and  arvXog,  a “ style,” 
*ur  a “pillar.”]  Having  four  styles. 

Tetter.  See  Psoriasis. 


Tet'ter,  Moist  (or  Ilii'mid),  and 
Tet'ter,  Run  ning.  Popular  names 
for  Impetigo,  which  see. 

Teu'crI-um  Cha-mse'drys.*  Ger 
mander.  A plant  of  the  natural  order 
Labiutse.  It  is  bitter  and  aromatic. 

Teucrium  Earum.  See  Marum 
Syriacum. 

Tex'tl-torim.  [ Text  i for 'mis;  from 
tex'tum,  a “ web,”  or  “ tissue.”]  Formed 
like  a tissue  or  network. 

Tex'tu-ral.  Pertaining  to  a texture 
or  tissue. 

Tex'ture.  [Textu'ra;  from  tex'o, 
tex'tum,  to  “ weave.”]  See  Tissue. 

Thseria.  See  Theria. 

Hinal'a-mi,*  the  plural  of  Thalamus. 

Ihalnnii  Ner-io'ruin  Op-ti-co'- 
rum.*  (“Beds  of  the  Optic  Nerves.”) 
See  Optic  Thalamus,  and  Corpora 
Striata. 

Tluil-a-mi-flo'rous.  [Tfralami- 

flo'rus;  from  thal'amus,  a “bridal 
chamber,”  also  “receptacle,”  and  flos,  a 
“flower.”]  Having  the  stamens  and 
pistils  inserted  in  the  receptacle. 

Tlnal'a-Biiiis,*  plural  Thal'a-mi. 
[Gr.  QdXapog,  a “chamber,”  or  “bridal 
bed.”]  Applied  to  a body  of  white  sub- 
stance at  the  base  of  each  lateral  ven- 
tricle of  the  brain,  which  in  part  gives 
origin  to  the  optic  nerve.  Also,  a term 
for  the  receptacle  of  a flower. 

T3ia-las'sie.  [Tlialas'sicus;  from 
QaXaooa,  the  “sea.”]  A geological  term 
applied  by  some  writers  to  the  strata  of 
superior  sediment, — i.e.  from  the  surface 
of  the  earth  to  the  limestone. 

TBia-las-si-oplo  y -t us.*  [From  6d~ 
Xaaaa,  the  “sea,”  and  tyvrov,  a “plant.”] 
Applied  in  the  plural  feminine  ( Thalas - 
sioph'ytse ) to  the  marine  Algse. 

TBial'li,*  the  plural  of  Thallus, 
which  see. 

TUial'Ho-gen.  A plant  consisting  of 
tha/li  only. 

TSial-log-'e-noits.  [Tliallog'e- 

nns;  from  thal'lus , and  yewau,  to  “pro- 
duce.”] Producing  thalli. 

TBoalTo-geiis.  A synonyme  for 
Thallopiiytes,  which  see. 

Thallo-phytes.  [Thallopli'y- 

firni : from  thal'lus,  and0uroi/,  a “plant.”] 
A natural  class  of  eryptogamous  plants, 
having  no  distinction  of  axis  and  foli- 
age, as  lichens,  fungi,  and  algae.  Also 
called  Thallogens. 

Tliarius,*  plural  TEial'li.  [From 

6d\\(x),  to  “ be  verdant.”]  A term  ap- 
plied to  the  organs  of  vegetation  of 
lichens,  sea-weeds,  etc. 


557 


THA 


THE 


Tiian-a-todeS.5  [From  Oavaros, 

"death."]  Deadly;  causing  death. 

Tlum-a*.  to-i'des.*  [From  Oavaro;, 

“ death,"  and  £t<5«s,  a “ form."]  Resem- 

bling death  : thanatoid. 

Than-a»tol'o-gy.  [Ttianatol©'- 

g-ia;  from  OJharoj,  “death,"  and  Aoyo;,  a 
“ discourse."]  Literally,  a “ discourse 
or  treatise  on  death."  That  branch  of 
Pathology  which  treats  of  the  phenom- 
ena and  proximate  cause  of  death. 

TIi£,  tA  The  French  for  Thea  and 
Tea,  which  see. 

The'a.*  The  tea-shrub,  of  which 
there  are  several  species;  also,  tea. 
See  Tea. 

Tlie'a  Xi'gra.*  The  systematic 
name  for  the  plant  which  yields  black 
tea,  or  Bohea. 

T3ie'a  \lrl*«lis.i:  The  systematic 
name  for  the  plant  which  yields  green 
tea. 

Tlie-be'si-i  Fo-ram'i-na.*  (“  Ori- 
fices of  Thebesius.")  Certain  small  ori- 
fices on  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart, 
first  described  by  Thebesius. 

The'ca.;i:'  [Gr.  Own ; from  riOnpu,  to 
“ place."]  Literally,  “the  place  where 
any  thing  is  kept;"  hence,  a case,  or 
sheath.  In  Anatomy,  the  investing 
membranous  covering  or  sheath  of  the 
spinal  cord  and  nerves.  In  Botany,  an 
anther-cell ; also,  the  spore-case,  or  urn, 
of  mosses. 

Tlie'ca  Ver-te-tora'lis.*  (“Verte- 
bral Sheath.")  A prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  lined  by  the  arachnoid  mem- 
brane, which  is  continued  down  and 
invests  the  spinal  cord  as  far  as  the 
third  lumbar  vertebra,  and  sends  off  a 
tubular  process  to  each  of  the  spinal 
nerves. 

The'ca-phore.  [Theca^h  'or  am ; 

from  Own,  a “case,"  or  “sheath,"  .and 
(pepcx),  to  “bear."]  Synonymous  with 
Gynaphore,  which  see. 

Tlie-$i'tis.*[From  tlie'ca,  a “ sheath."] 
Inflammation  of  the  sheath  of  a tendon. 

Tliec'o-dus,  on'tis*  [From  Own,  a 
“case,"  or  “sheath,"  and  dtov;,  a 
“tooth."]  A covered  or  sheathed  tooth. 

The'in.  [TBiei'na;  from  The' a,  the 
“ tea-plant."]  A substance  found  in  the 
tea-shrub,  assuming  the  form  of  beauti- 
ful crystals  having  a large  proportion  of 
nitrogen  in  their  composition.  It  is  be- 
lieved to  be  the  same  as  caffein , found  in 
coffee. 

Tlie-li'tis,  idi8 * [From  0.7X17,  a 
“nipple."]  Inflammation- of  the  nipples. 

The'nal.  [From  thc'nar .]  Belonging 
558 


to  the  palm  of  the  hand;  applied  by 
Dr.  Barclay  as  meaning  towards  the 
palm  of  the  hand. 

Tiie'nar,  ar<V*  [Gr.  Os^ap.]  The 
palm  of  the  hand,  or  the  sole  of  the  foot. 
Also,  a muscle  extending  the  thumb. 

Tiie-©-tor©'ma  €a-cs/©.*  A plant 
of  the  natural  order  Sterculiacese,  the 
seeds  of  which,  when  roasted  and  made 
into  paste  with  vanilla,  constitute  cho- 
colate. 

Tiie-©-ma'nI-a.*  [From  Otoy,  “God," 
and  /xai/ia,  “madness."]  Religious  mad- 
ness or  melancholy. 

T ti e-o- ma- 11  i/a-c us.*  Belonging  to 
theomania:  theomaniacal. 

Tlae'o-rem.  [Tiheore'ma,  a tis; 
from  OecopM,  to  “view,"  to  “weigh,"  or 
“•consider."]  In  Geometry,  a truth 
proposed  to  be  proved. 

TSie-o-ret'X-cal.  [TEaeorei'icais ; 
from  the  same.]  Relating  to  theory; 
speculative;  not  practical. 

T2ie'©-ry.  [Gr.  Oeoopta ; from  the 
same.]  The  abstract  principles  of  any 
science  or  art,  considered  without  refer- 
ence to  practice.  In  Science,  a connected 
arrangement  of  facts  according  to  their 
bearing  on  some  real  or  hypothetical  law. 

TBier-a-pel  'a,*  or  T2aer-a-pi'a.* 
[From  Qcpcnrevb),  to  “heal."]  Synonymous 
with  Therapeutics. 

TBaer-a-peia'tic,  or  Tlier-a-pefi ' tl- 
cal.  [TBierapeu'ticiis;  from  thera- 
peu'tica.]  Belonging  to  therapeutics. 

Th^r-a-pefi' tics.  [Therapeti ' tice, 
TBierapeai'tica ; from  Osparrevu,  to 
“cure."]  That  branch  of  Medicine  which 
treats  of  the  application  of  remedies,  and 
the  curative  treatment  of  diseases. 

T2ier-a-peu ' tist.  ' [From  the  same.] 
A person  who  is  skilful  in  therapeutics, 
or  who  practises  therapeutics. 

Tiherapia.  See  Therapeia. 

TBie'ri-a.*  [From  Onpio;,  “savage."] 
A name  for  Radesyge,  which  see. 

The-ri'a-ca.:;:  [From  Orjp,  a “wild 
beast,"  or  any  wild  animal.]  The'riac. 
An  antidote  to  poisons,  or  the  bites  of 
venomous  animals.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  molasses,  or 
treacle. 

Tike- ri-o-ca- tar 'rims.*  [From  Ofas, 
“summer,"  and  catar'rhns,  a “catarrh."; 
Summer  catarrh,  or  hay-fever;  hay- 
asthma. 

Tlic-rt-o'ina.*  [From  Onp,  a “fierce 
or  savage  animal."]  A term  applied  to 
a very  malignant  ulcer. 

TBie-rl-ot'o-my.  [Tlierlot'ome, 
or  Tlierioto'mia ; from  6«p'iov,  a “ beast," 


THE 


TIIO 


and  ri/ivco,  to  “cut.”]  Dissection  of  the 
lower  animals;  the  same  as  Zootomy. 

Ther  mae*  (occurring  only  in  the 
plural).  [From  depprj,  “heat.”]  Warm 
springs,  or  warm  baths. 

Tlier'mal.  [Thermal  is ; from 
Olppi,  “heat.”]  Pertaining  to  warmth 
or  heat,  or  to  hot  springs. 

Ther-anol  o-gry.  [Thermolo'gtfa ; 
from  Ocp/i*),  “heat,”  and  A oyo,,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  heat;  the  science 
of  heat. 

Tflaer-mom'e-ter.  [Thermom'e* 
triini;  from  0%t7,  “ heat,”  and  pirpor,  a 
“measure.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring or  ascertaining  the  degree  of 
temperature  of  different  bodies,  but 
especially  of  the  atmosphere.  Among 
the  different  kinds  of  thermometers,  the 
following  are  the  most  important: 

1.  Fahrenheit's  (far'en-hlts)  Ther- 
mometer ; the  scale  of  which,  between 
the  freezing  and  boiling  points  of  water 
under  a medium  pressure  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, is.  divided  into  one  hundred  and 
eighty  parts  or  degrees,  the  freezing 
point  being  marked  32°,  and  the  boiling 
point  212°.  Fahrenheit’s  scale  is  almost 
universally  employed  in  England  and  the 
United  States. 

2.  Centigrade  Thermometer;  in  the 
scale  of  which  there  are  just  one  hundred 
degrees  between  the  freezing  and  boiling 
points  of  water,  the  former  being  marked 
0°,  or  zero,  and  the  latter  100°.  This 
scale  is  generally  used  in  France,  and 
in  many  other  countries  of  Continental 
Europe,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  conve- 
nient in  practice. 

3.  BSaumur’s  (r&'o'muRz')  Thermome- 
ter. In  this  scale  the  freezing  point  is 
marked  0°,  and  the  boiling  point  80°. 
In  this  and  also  in  the  Centigrade,  the 
degrees  are  continued  of  the  same  size 
below  and  above  these  points,  those  be- 
low being  reckoned  negative.  These 
different  modes  of  graduation  are  easily 
convertible.  The  scale  of  Centigrade  is 
reduced  to  that  of  Fahrenheit  by  multiply- 
ing by  nine  and  dividing  by  five;  that  of 
Reaumur  to  that  of  Fahrenheit  by  divid- 
ing by  four  instead  of  five;  or  that  of 
Fahrenheit  to  either  of  these  by  revers- 
ing the  process.  Thus, — C.  100°  X 9 = 
900-2-5  = lS0°+32o=212o  F.:  R.  80°X 
9 = 720-s-4  =--=180°  + 32°=212°  F. 

Thermometer.  Differencial  (dif- 
fer-en'shal).  An  instrument  of  great  use 
in  experimental  philosophy,  for  measur- 
ing very  small  differences  of  temperature. 

Ther 'mo-scope.  [Tlieronosco'- 


paum;  from  Qeppn,  “heat,”  and  ckotteca, 
to  “examine.”]  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring minute  differences  of  temperature. 
The  same  as  Differential  Thermo- 
meter. See  preceding  article. 

The'seS,*  the  plural  of  Thesis. 

The'sis,*  plural  The  ses.  [Gr.  deaig, 
a “position.”]  A proposition,  affirma- 
tive or  negative,  which  is  advanced  or 
laid  down  to  be  supported  by  argument; 
also  applied  to  an  essay  composed  by  a 
candidate  for  graduation  in  medicine  or 
some  other  branch  of  learning  or  science. 

Thigh.  See  Femur. 

Thigh-Bone.  See  Os  Femoris. 

Third  Pair  (of  Kervcs).  See  Mo- 
tores  OCULORUM. 

Tint  rot.  [Lat.  Satis;  Gr.  Fr. 

Soify  sw&f.]  A sensation  attended  with 
a disire  to  drink,  having  its  seat  chiefly 
in  flic  mouth  and  fauces,  but  also  felt  in 
the  pharynx,  oesophagus,  and,  in  extreme 
cases,  the  stomach  ; all,  however,  modi- 
fied by  circumstances.  When  it  is  mor- 
bid, it  is  usually  termed  dipsosis  ; when 
excessive, polydipsia.  See  Dipsosis,  and 
Polydipsia. 

TBiirot,  Gloria i<l.  See  Dipsosis. 

Tflioiii-so'iii-aii-isin.  A fanciful  or 
empirical  system  of  medicine  introduced 
by  Thomson,  a native  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. Thomson  and  his  immediate  fol- 
lowers rejected  all  mineral  medicines: 
they  had  frequent  recourse  to  powerful 
emetics  (usually  of  lobelia),  to  profuse 
sweats  from  vapor-baths,  and  to  power- 
fully stimulating  compounds,  in  which 
capsicum  was  an  abundant  ingredient. 
The  system  has,  however,  been,  it  is  said, 
materially  modified,  and  more  cautious 
treatment  is  now  generally  pursued. 

Tlio-ra-^en-te'ssis.*  The  same  as 
Thoracocentesis,  which  see. 

Tho-ra$'ie.  [Thora^'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  the  thorax. 

Thora^'ic  Duct.  [Dnc'tus  Tlio- 
ra^'icus.]  The  principal  trunk  of  the 
absorbent  vessels  lying  upon  the  dorsal 
vertebrae.  It  commences  at  the  recep- 
taculum  chyli,  which  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  several  large  lymphatic 
trunks.  Its  contents  are  discharged  into 
the  left  subclavian  vein.  At  its  termi- 
nation there  are  two  valves,  which  pre- 
vent the  blood  from  flowing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Tho-rac'o-^en-te'sis.*  [From  tho'- 
rax,  and  tdvrricns,  a “pricking.”]  A pierc- 
ing of  the  thorax,  as  in  the  operation 
for  empyema. 

Tho-ra-cod'y-ne,*  or  Tho-rac-o- 

559 


THO 


THU 


iiyn'i-».*  [From  tho'rax,  and  ohvvrj, 
i(  pain.”]  Pain  in  the  chest. 

Tho-rac-o-my-o-dyn'i-a**  [From 
tho'rac,  and  myodyn'ia,  “ pain  of  a mus- 
cle/'] Muscular  pain  in  the  chest. 

Tha-rac-a-pa-thi ' a.*  [From  Qhpa\, 
OtopotKog,  the  “ chest,"  and  irhOog,  an  “ affec- 
tion."] An  affection  or  disease  of  the 
chest. 

Tho-rac'o-sie-na'sis.*  [From  tho'- 
rax, and  oTzvcxy,  to  “ straiten. ”J  Coarcta- 
tion or  contraction  of  the  chest. 

T«r>'rax,  aids.*  [Gr.  Qjjpa.%,  a 
“ breastplate.”]  (Fr.  Poitrine , pwa'- 
tn&n'.)  The  chest,  or  that  part  of  the 
b)dy  between  the  nock  and  diaphragm, 
in  the  cavity  of  which  are  contained  the 
lungs  and  the  heart.  Also,  the  trunk,  or 
intermediate  portion  of  the  body  of  in- 
sects which  bears  the  legs. 

Tbo-ri'na.*  [From  Thor , a Scandi- 
navian idol.]  An  earth  discovered  in  a 
rare  Norwegian  mineral  called  thorite. 
Thorina  is  an  oxide  of  thorium. 

Tho'ri-um.;’  [From  the  same.] 
A heavy  gray  metal  which  combined 
with  oxygen  forms  thorina. 

Thorn.  [Spi'na.]  An  imperfectly 
developed,  indurated,  leafless  branch  of 
a woody  plant,  tapering  to  a point. 

Thorn-Apple.  See  Datura  Stramo- 
nium. 

Thorn,  E-^yp'tian.  The  Acacia 
Vera,  which  see. 

Thread.  See  Filament. 

Threacl-lihe.  See  Filiform. 

Thread-Worm.  Sec  Oxyurus. 

Three-Cornered.  See  Trigonal, 
and  Triquetrous. 

Three-Eeaved.  See  Trifoliate, 
and  Triphyllous. 

Tli  rep-sol  o-£y . [Threpsolo'gia ; 

from  threp'sis,  “ nutrition,”  and  X>yo;,  a 
“ discourse.”]  A treatise  on  the  nutrition 
of  organized  bodies;  the  doctrine  or 
science  of  nutrition. 

Thrid'a-ce.  [Tlirida'cinm ; from 
6p'da%,  the  “ lettuce.”]  A substance  ob- 
tained from  lettuce,  supposed  to  be  iden- 
tical with  Lactucarium. 

Throat.  [Lat.  Gn'la,  flwoit'tur,  and 
Ju'^uluin;  Fr.  Gorge , goRzh.]  The 
common  name  of  the  pharynx;  also  of 
the  anterior  part  of  th  3 neck,  or  jugulum. 
Applied  in  Botany  to  the  orifice  of  a 
tubular  flower  or  other  organ. 

Throm  bi,-  the  plural  of  Thrombus, 
which  see. 

Tlirom-bo'ded.*  [From  throm'hu *.] 
Resembling  or  having  thrombi:  throm- 
bous. 


Throm 'bold.  [Thromboi'des; 

from  throm' bus,  and  elhog,  a “ form.”]  Re- 
sembling a throm'  bus. 

TJiroin-bo'sis.^  The  formation  or 
progress  of  throm'bus.  The  obstruction 
of  vessels  by  a morbid  product  developed 
in  the  very  locality  of  the  obstruction, 
and  thus  distinguished  from  embolia  (or 
embolism ),  which  consists  in  the  obstruc- 
tion of  a vessel  by  a piece  of  coagulum 
(or  thrombus)  carried  into  the  circulation 
from  a distant  part  of  the  system. 

Throm 'baas,*  plural  Throm 'bi. 
[From  QpofAjog,  a “clot  of  blood.”]  A 
small  tumor  of  extravasated  blood  after 
bleeding  or  contusion.  Applied  by 
Virchow  to  a coagulum,  forming,  from 
some  morbific  cause,  usually  in  a small 
vein,  and  gradually  prolonged  into  the 
larger  veins,  so  that  ultimately  portions 
are  broken  off  and  carried  into  the  cir- 
culation, thus  producing  what  is  termed 
embolism.  (See  Embolia.)  To  the  original 
thrombus  (not  the  prolonged  portion)  he 
has  applied  the  epithet  autoch' thonous 
[from  avrog,  “ itself,”  and  \9~hv,  “ country,” 
or  ‘‘place”],  that  is,  “produced  in  the 
place  itself,”  and  not  derived  from  an- 
other part. 

Thrush.  A popular  term  for  aphthve 
on  the  tongue,  lining  membrane  of  the 
mouth,  fauces,  etc.,  of  infants.  See 
Apiitha. 

Thumb.  [Pol'Iex,  ids.']  The  first, 
or  greatest,  of  the  fingers.  In  Orni- 
thology, a small  bone  of  the  hand,  or 
third  portion  of  the  anterior  extremity; 
also,  the  shortest  toe,  which  has  only  two 
phalanges.  Also,  the  first  finger  of  the 
forefoot  of  certain  reptiles. 

Thim'der-bolt.  A name  for  the 
Belemnite,  which  see. 

Thu-rif'er-ous.  [Thurif 'erus  ; 
from  thus,  thu'ris , “frankincense,”  and 
fe’ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  or  producing 
frankincense. 

Til  ms,  u'Ws.*  [From  0vo>,  to  “ offer  a 
sacrifice;”  because  it  was  used  in  making 
offerings  to  the  gods.]  The  Olibanum, 
or  true  frankincense,  obtained  from  the 
Boswel'lia  serra'ta. 

Thus  A-mer-I-ca'num.*  (“American 
Frankincense.”)  The  Pharmacopoeia! 
name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  common  frankincense, 
or  the  concrete  turpentine  of  the  Finns 
tseda  and  Finns  palnstris. 

Thu'ya  (or  Thuja)  Oc-^I-den-ta'- 
lns.*  Ar'bor  Vita  (“  Treo  of  Life”).  A 
treo  belonging  to  the  natural  order  Coni- 
fers. The  leaves  and  twigs  have  been 
used  in  dropsy,  interm itten  1 fevers,  etc 


560 


THY 


TIG 


Tiiymelaceae,*  thim-e-la'she-e. 
[From  Thymelse'  a,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(mostly  shrubs),  found  in  Australia, 
South  Africa,  and  other  regions.  The 
great  feature  of  this  order  is  the  causti- 
city of  the  bark.  It  includes  the  Daphne 
Mezereum,  used  as  a medicine,  and  Dirca 
(Leatherwood). 

Thy'mic.  [TJiym'icus.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  thymus  gland. 

TJiy-mi'tis,  id  is.*  [From  thy'mus.] 
Inflammation  of  the  thymus  gland. 

Tiiy 'mus.**  [From  Ov co,  to  “ sacrifice.”] 
Thyme.  A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class 
Didynamia , natural  order  Labiatse  or 
Lamiacese.  In  Anatomy,  the  thymus 
gland. 

Tliy'miis  Gland.  Situated  in  the 
neck  of  the  foetus,  disappearing  after 
birth  as  a gland. 

Thy'mus  Vul-ga'ris.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  common  thyme,  an 
aromatic  plant,  which  is  reputed  to  be  a 
resolvent,  tonic,  and  stomachic.  It  is 
used  in  cookery  more  than  in  medi- 
cine. 

Tliy're-o-A-ryi-je-no-i-dse'ws.*  A 

muscle  arising  from  the  thyroid  and  in- 
serted into  the  arytenoid  cartilage.  It 
widens  the  glottis. 

Tliy're-o-£ele.*  [From  6-peog,  an 
“oblong  shield,”  and  icfiXi,  a “ tumor.”] 
Tumor  or  swelling  of  the  thyroid  gland. 
See  Thyreophyma. 

Thy're-o-Ep-i-giot-ti-de'us.*  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  epi- 
glottis. It  has  been  divided  by  Albinus 
into  the  major  and  minor. 

Thy're-o-My-o-i'de-us.*  A muscle 
arising  from  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
inserted  into  the  os  hyoides.  It  brings 
the  larynx  and  hyoid  bone  towards  each 
other. 

Tliy-re-on'cus.*  [From  Qrpeog,  an 
“oblong  shield,”  and  oy*oj,  a “tumor.”] 
A tumor  of  the  thyroid  gland.  The 
same  as  Thyreocele. 

Thy  re-o- play 'ma,  a tis.%  [From 
0)ps6;,  an  “oblong  shield,”  and  ty-vya,  a 
“tumor.”]  An  enlargement  of  the  thy- 
roid gland.  Similar  to  Thyreocele. 

Thy'ro-My'al.  [TtiyroIayaTis ; 
from  thy'ro -,  and  hyoi'des  os,  the  “hyoid 
bone.”]  Applied  by  Owen  to  the  homo- 
logues  of  the  lateral  lingual  bone,  or 
larger  horn  of  the  hyoid  bone. 

Thy'roid.  [Tliyroi'des;  from  Opeog, 
<i  “shield,”  and  eltog,  a “form.”]  Re- 
sembling a shield.  See  Scutiform. 

48 


Tliy'rold  Car'll-lage.  The  largest 
of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  forming 
the  Pomum  Adami. 

Thyroid  Gland.  Situated  on  the 
cricoid  cartilage,  trachea,  and  horns  of 
the  thyroid  cartilage. 

Thyrse.  [Lat.  Thyr'sns,  plural 
Thyr'si;  Gr.  Oi'poog.]  A compact  panicle 
of  a pyramidal,  oval,  or  oblong  outline, 
such  as  the  flower-cluster  of  the  Lilac, 
or  a bunch  of  grapes. 

Thyr-sif  er*ous.  [Thyrsif  'erus ; 
from  thyr'srs,  a “thyrse,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“bear.”J  Having  or  bearing  thyrses. 

Tliyr-si-flo'rus.*  [From  thyr'sns,  a 
“thyrse,”  and  fos,  a “flower.”]  Having 
flowers  disposed  in  thyrses. 

Thyr'sns. The  same  as  Thyrse, 
which  see. 

Tib'i-a.#  A Latin  word  signifying  a 
“pipe,”  or  “flute.”  Applied  to  the  larg- 
est bone  of  the  leg:  the  shin-bone. 

Tib-i-a*  us.*  The  same  as  Tibial, 
which  see. 

Tib'i-al.  [Tibia'lis.]  Belonging  to 
the  tibia.  Applied  by  Dr.  Barclay  as 
meaning  towards  the  tibia. 

Tab-i-a'lis.*  (“Tibial.”)  The  name 
of  two  muscles  of  the  tibia,  the  anticvs 
or  flexor,  and  the  posticus,  called  also  ex- 
tensor tarsi  tibialis. 

Tic  Bouloureux,  tik  doo'loo-roo'. 
(French  pronunciation,  t£k  doo'loo'rrh'.) 
Severe  pain  affecting  the  nerves  of 
the  face,  especially  the  infra- orbitary 
branches  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Tide.  An  insect  of  the  genus  Acarus, 
which  see. 

Tide,  Komestic.  The  Acarus  do- 

mesticus. 

Tide,  Itch.  The  A cams  scabiei. 

Tide.  [Originally,  a “time,”  or  “ sea- 
son ;”  because  it  returns  at  stated  times.] 
Applied  to  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the  sea,  or 
the  periodic  and  alternate  rise  and  fall 
of  the  water  of  the  ocean,  caused  princi- 
pally by  the  attraction  of  the  moon,  and 
modified  by  that  of  the  sun. 

Tierce,  te-eRSs'.  The  French  name 
for  Tertian,  which  see. 

Tieut£.  See  Upas  Tieute. 

Ti-gdTa.*  [Diminutive  of  tig'num , 
a “rafter.”]  That  part  of  the  embryo 
of  a plant  which  unites  the  radicle  to  the 
cotyledon. 

Tig'el-late.  [Tig-ella'tus.]  Supplied 

with  a tigella. 

Tag’TE-i,  Gra'na.*  (“  Grains  or  Seeds 
of  Tiglium.”)  The  seeds  of  the  Croton 
tiglium.  See  Croton. 

Tiglii,  Oleum.  See  Oletjm  Tiglii. 

561 


TIO 


TIN 


Tig'li-um.*  The  specific  name  of 
the  Croton  tiylium. 

Tiliaceae,i:  til-e-a'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants,  found  in 
many  tropical  and  temperate  regions. 
It  includes  the  Til'ia  (Linden  or  Lime 
tree).  The  berries  of  some  species  are 
eatable.  „ 

Tin.  [Lat.  Stan 'mini;  Fr.  JCtain, 
AtaN°'.]  A comparatively  rare,  white 
metal,  harder  than  lead,  and  very  malle- 
able. In  ductility  and  tenacity  it  is  in- 
ferior to  most  of  the  other  malleable 
metals.  Exposed  to  the  air,  it  soon  be- 
comes superficially  oxidized.  Its  specific 
gravity  is  7.2.  The  temperature  at  which 
it  melts  is  about  442°. 

Tin'foil  is  an  alloy  of  tin  and  lead  in 
the  form  of  a thin  lamina  or  leaf. 

Tin'ca.*  The  tench  fish.  See  Os 
Tinc^e. 

Tin 'cal.  Crude  borax  as  it  is  im- 
ported from  the  East  Indies  in  yellow, 
greasy  crystals. 

Tinct.  = Tinctu'ra .*  “A  tincture/' 

Tinc-to'ri-us.*  [From  tin'yo , tinc'- 
tum , to  “dye.”]  Relating  to  dyeing. 
Applied  as  the  specific  name  to  the 
Black  Oak  ( Quercus  tinctoria),  also  called 
Dyer’s  Oak. 

Tinc-tu'ra,*  plural  Tinc-tu'rse. 

[From  tin' go,  tine' turn,  to  “dye,”  to 
“steep.”]  A tincture.  A solution  of  any 
medicinal  substance  in  alcohol,  or  diluted 
alcohol,  prepared  by  maceration,  diges- 
tion, or  percolation.  A solution  in  spirit 
of  ammonia  is  termed  an  ammoniated 
tincture,  and  a solution  in  ethereal  spirit, 
an  ethereal  tincture. 

The  great  number  of  officinal 
tinctures,  as  well  as  the  narrow  limits  of 
this  work,  preclude  the  insertion  of  the 
full  Pharmacopoeial  directions  for  making 
this  important  class  of  preparations.  It 
has  been  deemed  sufficient  to  give,  in 
addition  to  the  names,  the  strength  of 
the  tinctures,  as  indicate  1 by  the  relative 
proportions  of  the  different  medicinal 
substances,  to  a given  quantity  of  alco- 
hol, employed  in  their  preparation.  (For 
the  dose  of  each,  see  Table  of  Doses,  in 
the  Appendix.  See,  also,  the  U.S.  Phar- 
macopoeia, pp.  314-339.) 

Tinctn'ra  Ac-o-ni'ti  Fo'll-i* 
(“  Tincture  of  Leaf  of  Aconite”),  Tinc- 
tu'ra  Aconiti  Fo-ll-o'ruin,  1850. 
(“Tincture  of  Leaves  of  Aconite.”)  Pre- 
pared with  two  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a 
pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Aconiti  Ra-di'cis.* 
(“Tincture  of  Aconite  Root.”)  Prepared 
562 


with  six  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
strong  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Al'o-es.*  (“Tincture  of 
Aloes.”)  Prepared  with  half  an  ounce 
of  Socotrine  aloes,  and  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  liquorice,  to  a pint  of  very  dilute 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Al'oes  et  Myr'rhap.* 

(“Tincture  of  Aloes  and  Myrrh.”)  Pre- 
pared with  an  ounce  and  a half  of  aloes, 
half  an  ounce  of  saffron,  and  an  ounce 
and  a half  of  myrrh,  to  a pint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ar'ni-^ae.*  (“Tincture 
of  Arnica.”)  Prepared  with  three  ounces 
of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  As-sa-foet'i-dse.*  (“Tinc- 
ture of  Assafoetida.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  assafoetida  to  a joint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Bel-la-don'nav-  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Belladonna.”)  Prepared  with 
two  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ben-zo'I-ni  Com-pos'i- 

ta.*  (“Compound  Tincture  of  Ben- 
zoin.”) Prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  benzoin,  an  ounce  of  storax, 
half  an  ounce  of  balsam  of  Tolu,  two 
drachms  of  aloes,  to  a pint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ca-lum'bae*  (“Tincture 
of  Columbo”),  Tinctu'ra  €©-loin'bse,** 
1850.  Prepared  with  two  ounces  of  co- 
lumbo to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Can'na-bis.*  (“Tincture 
of  Hemp.”)  Prepared  with  six  drachms 
of  the  extract  of  hemp  to  a pint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra Can-thar'i-dis.*  (“  Tine . 
turc  of  Cantharides.”).  Prepared  with 
half  an  ounce  of  cantharides  to  a pint 
of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Cap'sl-^i.*  (“Tincture 
of  Capsicum.”)  Prepared  with  half  an 
ounce  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Car-da-mo 'ini.-  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Cardann  m.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra Cardamo'nii  Com-pos'- 

I-ta.*  (“  Compound  Tincture  of  Carda- 
mom.”) Prepared  with  three  drachms 
of  cardamom,  two  and  a half  drachms 
of  cinnamon,  one  drachm  of  caraway, 
one  ounce  of  honey,  and  half  a drachm  cf 
cochineal,  to  one  pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tincf  li  ra  Cas-to're-i.*  (“  Tincture 
of  Castor.”)  Prepared  with  one  ounce 
of  castor  to  a pint  cf  strong  alcohol. 


TIN 


TIN 


Tinctu'ra  Cat'e-clin.^  (“  Tincture 
of  Catechu.”)  Prepared  with  an  ounce 
and  a half  of  catechu,  and  an  ounce  of 
cinnamon,  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  €in-cli©'nse.'*  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Cinchona.”)  Prepared  with 
three  ounces  of  the  yellow  bark  to  a 
pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Cinclio'nsc  Com-pos'I- 
ta.*  (“  Compound  Tincture  of  Cin- 
chona.”) Prepared  with  two  ounces  of 
red  bark,  an  ounce  and  a half  of  bitter 
orange-peel,  three  drachms  of  serpenta- 
ria,  one  drachm  of  saffron,  and  one 
drachm  of  red  saunders,  to  twenty  fluid- 
ounces  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Cin-na-ino'mi.*  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Cinnamon.”)  Prepared  with  an 
ounce  and  a half  of  the  drug  to  a pint 
of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Col'ctii-£i*  (“  Tincture 
of  Colchicuin”),  Tinctu'ra  Col'ciiici 

Sem'i-nis,*  1850.  (“Tincture  of  the 
Seed  of  Colchicum.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Co-ni'i.*  (“Tincture  of 
Hemlock.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces 
of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Cu-be'bav*  (“Tincture 
of  Cubcbs.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces 
of  cubebs  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  IMg’-i-ta'lis.*  (“Tinc- 
ture cf  Digitalis.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Fer'ri  Chlo'ri-cli.* 

(“  Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron.”)  Esti- 
mated to  contain  about  a drachm  of  the 
chloride  of  iron  to  an  ounce  of  the  tinc- 
ture. 

Tinctu'ra  Gal' la?.*  (“Tincture  of 
Nutgall.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces 
of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Gcntia'nse  ( jen-she-a'ne) 
€©m-p©s'I-ta.*  (“Compound  Tincture 
cf  Gentian.”)  Prepared  with  one  ounce 
of  gentian,  half  an  ounce  of  bitteV 
orange-peel,  and  two  drachms  of  carda- 
mom, to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Guai'a-^i.*  (“Tincture 
of  Guaiac.”)  Prepared  with  three  ounces 
of  guaiacum  to  a pint  of  strong  alco- 
hol. 

Tinctu'ra  Guai'aci  Am-sno-ni-a'- 

ta."*  (“Ammoniated  Tincture  of 
Guaiac.”)  Prepared  with  four  ounces 
cf  guaiacum  to  a pint  and  a half  of  aro- 
matic spirit  of  ammonia. 

Tinctu'ra  Mel-leb'o-ri.*  (“Tinc- 
ture of  [Black]  Hellebore.”)  Prepared 


with  two  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Hu'mu-li.*  (“Tincture 
of  Hops.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces 
and  a half  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Iffy-os-cy'a-mi.*  (“Tinc- 
ture of  Henbane.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  I-o-din'i-i.#  (“  Tincture 
of  Iodine.”)  Prepared  with  an  ounce 
of  iodine  to  a pint  of  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  lodin'ii  ( om-pos  i-ta.:- 

(“Compound  Tincture  of  Iodine.”)  Pre- 
pared with  half  an  ounce  of  iodine,  and 
an  ounce  of  iodide  of  potassium,  to  one 
pint  of  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ja-la'psc.*  (“Tincture 
of  Jalap.”)  Prepared  with  three  ounces 
of  jalap  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ki'no.i:  (“Tincture  of 
Kino.”)  Prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  kino  to  a pint  of  diluted  alco- 
hol. 

Tinctu'ra  Kra-me'rl-av*  (“Tinc- 
ture of  Ithatany.”)  Prepared  with  three 
ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcchoi. 

Tinctu'ra  ILo-be'li-se.*  (“Tincture 
of  Lobelia.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces 
of  the  drug  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Lu-pu-li'nse.*  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Lupulin.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  lupulin  to  a pint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Myr'rbae.*  (“Tincture 
of  Myrrh.”)  Prepared  with  three  ounces 
of  myrrh  to  two  pints  of  strong  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Xu'^is  Voin 
(“Tincture  of  Nux  Vomica.”)  Prepared 
with  four  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint 
of  strong  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  O'pi-i.*  (“Tincture  of 
Opium.”)  Laudanum.  Prepared  with 
ten  drachms  of  opium  to  a pint  of  alco- 
hol. 

Tinctu'ra  O'pii  A^-e-ta'ta.*  (“Ace- 
tated  Tincture  of  Opium.”)  Prepared 
with  one  ounce  of  opium  to  four  fluid- 
ounces  of  alcohol  and  six  fluidounces  of 
vinegar. 

Tinctu'ra  O'pii  Cam-plio-ra'ta.* 

(“Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium.”) 
Paregoric.  Prepared  with  half  a drachm 
of  opium,  one  scruple  of  camphor,  half 
a drachm  of  benzoic  acid,  half  a drachm 
of  oil  of  anise-seed,  one  ounce  of  honey, 
to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  O'pii  ©e-o-do-ra'ta.* 
(“  Deodorized  Tincture  of  Opium.”)  Pre 
563 


TIN 


TIT 


pared  with  ten  drachms  of  opium  to  a 
pint  of  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Quas'sise*  (kwosh'e-e). 
(“  Tincture  of  Quassia.”)  Prepared  with 
one  ounce  of  quassia  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  RSie'i.*  (“  Tincture  of 
Ptliubarb.”)  Prepared  with  an  ounce 
and  a half  of  rhubarb,  and  two  drachms 
of  cardamom,  to  a pint  of  diluted  alco- 
hol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ettie'i  et  Sen 'use.* 

(“  Tincture  of  Rhubarb  and  Sonna.”) 
Prepared  with  a half  an  ounce  of  rhu- 
barb, one  drachm  of  senna,  half  a drachm 
of  coriander,  half  a drachm  of  fennel, 
one  drachm  of  red  saunders,  fifteen 
grains  of  saffron,  fifteen  grains  of  liquo- 
rice, and  three  ounces  of  raisins,  to  a 
pint  and  a half  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  San-gul-na'ri-ae.* 

(“  Tincture  of  Bloodroot.”)  Prepared 
with  two  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  S^ilTse.*  (“  Tincture  of 
Squill.”)  Prepared  with  two  ounces  of 
squill  to  a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Ser-peu-ta'rl-se.* 

(“Tincture  of  Serpentaria.”)  Prepared 
with  an  ounce  and  a half  of  the  drug  to 
a pint  of  diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Stra-mo'nI-i.*  (“  Tinc- 
ture of  Stramonium.”)  Prepared  w.th 
two  ounces  of  the  drug  to  a pint  of 
diluted  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Tol-u-ta'na.*  (“  Tincture 
of  Tolu.”)  Prepared  with  an  ounce  and 
a half  of  tolu  to  a pint  of  strong  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Va-le-ri-a'nse.*  (“Tinc- 
ture of  Valerian.”)  Prepared  with  two 
ounces  of  valerian  to  a pint  of  diluted 
alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Valerla'm.T  Am-ino-nt- 

a'ta.  - (“Ammoniated  Tincture  of  Va- 
lerian.”) Prepared  with  two  ounces  of 
valerian  to  one  pint  of  aromatic  spirit 
of  ammonia. 

Tinctu'ra  Ve-ra'tri  Vir'I-dis.* 

(“Tincture  of  American  Hellebore.”) 
Prepared  with  eight  ounces  of  the  drug 
to  a pint  of  strong  alcohol. 

Tinctu'ra  Zin-&It>'e-ris.*  (“Tinc- 
tu  e of  Grinder.”)  Prepared  with  four 
ounces  of  ginger  to  a pint  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Tiii'e-a.*  (Fr.  Tcigne,  ten  or  t&n.) 
Literally,  a “moth-worm.”  Scaldlicad. 
A genus  of  the  order  Dialyses,  class  Lo- 
cales, of  Cullen’s  Nosology;  also  termed 
Porriga.  It  is  characterized  by  a pus- 
tular eruption,  sometimes  distinct  and 
564 


sometimes  confluent,  unaccompanied  with 
fever,  the  pustules  drying  and  hardening 
into  thick  scales  or  scabs. 

There  appears  to  be  great  confusion  in 
regard  to  the  names  applied  to  this  dis- 
ease by  different  writers.  The  genus 
Tinea  of  Sauvages  and  Cullen  would 
seem  to  correspond  to  the  species  Ecpye'- 
sis  porri'c/o  of  Good,  and  the  genus  Por- 
rigo  of  Willan  and  other  writers. 

Tiu'ea  Cap'i-tis.*  (“Tinea  of  the 
Head.”)  A term  for  scaldhead.  See 
preceding  article. 

Tjii-ni'tus.*  [From  tin'nio,  tinni'tum, 
to  “ring  like  metal.”]  A ringing,  or 
tinkling. 

Tiuni'tus  Au'ri-um.*  (“Ringing 
of  the  Ears.”)  A symptom  in  many 
kinds  or  states  of  disease. 

Tisane,  te-zan'.  See  Ptisane.  [From 
TCTKJUi'jr],  “ barley-water.”]  A decoction 
or  infusion  of  slightly  medicinal  sub- 
stances, much  employed  in  France. 
Formerly  applied,  for  the  most  part,  to  a 
decoction  of  barley. 

Tisane  de  Felt®  (felts).  A remedy 
sometimes  used  in  cutaneous  diseases; 
prepared  from  sarsaparilla,  crude  anti- 
mony, and  isinglass. 

Tis'sue.  (Fr.  Tissu.)  Literally,  “that 
which  is  woven;”  a “web.”  Applied  to 
any  organized  solid  substance  of  which 
animals  or  plants  are  composed.  In 
plants,  the  thin  membranous  organization 
of  which  every  part  is  formed.  See 
Membrane. 

Tissue,  Adipose.  See  Adipose  Mem- 
brane. 

Tissue,  Areolar.  See  Areolar. 

Tissue,  Cellular.  See  Cellular 

Tissue. 

Tis'sue,  Corn-pact'.  A tissue  formed 
by  fibres  placed  so  close  together  as  to 
leave  no  intervals : it  exists  at  the  surface 
of  the  bones,  and  forms  the  walls  of  the 
various  apertures  and  canals  which  may 
occur  in  them. 

Tissue,  Vascular.  See  Vascular 

Tissue. 

Tissue,  Woody.  See  Woody  Tissue. 

Ti-ta'ni-um.*  [From  Ti’tan,  a name 
for  the  “sun.”  See  Tellurium.]  A rare 
metal,  found  in  a mineral  from  Corn- 
wall called  menachanite.  It  is  extremely 
infusible,  and  so  hard  as  to  scratch  not 
only  glass  but  also  crystal.  In  color  it 
resembles  copper.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
5.8. 

Tit-il-la'tion.  [Titilla'tio,  o ' nis  ; 

from  titil'lo , titilla'  turn,  to  “tickle.”] 
Tickling ; the  production  of  laughter  by 


TIT 


TOO 


tickling.  It  has  been  suggested  as  a 
remedy  for  paralysis. 

Tit-u-fi>a'tion.  [Tituba'tio,  o' ms; 

from  tit'ubo , tit ubaf turn,  to  “ stagger/' 
or  “stumble."]  A staggering  or  stum- 
bling gait,  dependent  on  disease  of  the 
spinal  system. 

T.  O.  = Tinctu'ra  O'pii.*  “Tincture 
of  Opium." 

Toad-stone.  See  Batrachites. 

To-l>ac'co.  The  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
Tobacco  unites  with  the  powers  of  a 
sedative  narcotic,  those  of  an  emetic  and 
diuretic,  and  produces  these  effects,  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent,  to  whatever  sur- 
face it  may  be  applied.  Taken  mode- 
rately, it  calms  restlessness,  and  produces 
a state  of  general  languor,  or  repose,  which 
has  great  charms  for  those  accustomed 
to  its  use.  In  large  quantities,  however, 
it  causes  vertigo,  stupor,  fainting,  nausea, 
vomiting,  and  general  debility  of  the 
nervous  and  circulatory  functions.  Nu- 
merous cases  are  on  record  of  its  incau- 
tious use  having  been  followed  by  a fatal 
termination.  See  Nicotiana. 

Tobac'eo,  Vir-gin'I-an.  The  Nico- 
tiana tabacum. 

To-col'o-gy.  [Toeolo'gia;  from 
tokos , “childbirth,"  and  Xdyoj,  a “dis- 
course."] That  branch  of  Medicine 
which  treats  of  parturition.  See  Ob- 
stetrics. 

Tod'dy.  Palm-wine,  prepared  by 
fermentation  from  palm-sugar. 

Toe.  See  Digitus  Pedis. 

Toise.  A French  measure,  equal  to 
six  feet  English,  or  two  yards. 

Tokology.  See  Tocology. 

Tol'e-rance.  [From  tol'ero , to 
“bear,"  to  “endure."]  The  power  of 
bearing.  A term  employed  by  Rasori  to 
denote  the  power  of  bearing  large  doses 
of  powerful  medicines. 

Tol-u-if 'e-ra.*  [From  To'lu,  and 
fe'ro , to  “ bear."]  A Linnsean  gpnus  of 
the  class  Decandria,  natural  order  Le- 
guminosse. 

Toluif'era  Bal'sa-mnm.4  The 

tree  which  affords  Balsamum  Tolutanum . 

To-lai-if'er-otis.  [Toluif 'erus.] 

Bearing  Tolu  balsam. 

Tomato,  to-ma'to.  The  common 
name  of  the  Ly  coper’  sicum,  esculen' turn , 
or  Sola' nnm  Lycopcr' sicum,  a plant  of 
the  Linnaean  class  Pentandria,  natural 
order  Solanacesc. 

Tom  bac.  An  alloy  called  white  cop- 
per, consisting  of  copper  and  arsenic. 

To-meai-tose'.  [Tomeaito'sos; 
from  tomen'tum , a “lock  of  wool."]  Cov- 
48* 


ered  with  a close  and  matted  down,  or 
wool. 

To-men'tum.*  [From  Topfi,  a “cut- 
ting"?] Literally,  a “flock  of  wool.” 
Applied  to  certain  small  vessels  of  the 
brain.  (See  Tomentum  Cerebri.)  In 
Botany,  a species  of  pubescence,  woolly 
or  downy;  a close  and  matted  down. 

Toinen'tuin  Cer'e-bri.*  (“Wool 
of  the  Brain.")  Applied  to  a great  num- 
ber of  small  vessels  (supposed  to  resemble 
the  fibres  of  wool)  on  the  inside  of  the 
pi  a mater , and  penetrating  the  cortical 
substance  of  the  brain. 

Tom-o-ina'ni-a.*  [From  t^vw,  to 
“cut,"  and  /xuvia,  “madness.”]  The  cut- 
ting mania  of  certain  surgeons,  or  eager- 
ness to  use  the  knife  in  cast  s which  could 
be  better  cured  without  an  operation. 

Tone.  [Gr.  toms  ; from  r«Ycu,  to 
“stretch,"  to  “draw."J  Tension;  tenor. 
In  Medicine,  tension  or  firmness. 

Tongue.  [Lat.  Lin  gua;  Gr.yXrOoaa; 
Fr.  Lanyue,  loNg  ] The  chief  organ  of 
taste  and  of  speech. 

Tongue-Shaped.  See  Lixguiform, 
and  Lingulate. 

Tongue-Tie.  See  Ankyloglossja. 

Ton'ic.  [Ton'ieus;  from  reiva),  to 
“stretch,"  to  “draw."]  Applied  to  rigid 
contraction  of  muscles  without  relaxa- 
tion, termed  tonic  spasm.  Also,  increas- 
ing the  tone  of  muscular  fibre:  applied 
to  certain  medicines.  See  Tonics. 

Ton'ic  Pow  er.  A term  for  Irrita- 
bility, which  see. 

To-ni^'i-ty.  [Toni^'itas, n'tis;  from 
ton'ieus,  “belonging  to  or  having  tone."] 
The  quality  cf  muscular  fibre  in  a state 
of  action. 

Ton'ies.  [Ton'iea;  from  the  same.] 
Medicines  which  neither  immediately  nor 
sensibly  excite  action  like  stimulants,  nor 
depress  action  like  sedatives,  but  pro- 
duce a permanent,  though  scarcely  per- 
ceptible, excitement  of  all  the  vital  func- 
tions ; their  effects  being  chiefly  perceived 
in  the  increased  tone  or  vigor  of  the  entire 
system. 

Ton'sil.  [Lat.  Tonsil  la;  Fr.  Tonsille, 
t6NG'sel',  or  Amygdale,  Ameg'dal'.]  A 
small,  oval,  almond-shaped  gland  in  the 
recess  between  the  pillars  or  arches  of 
the  fauces. 

Ton-sil-li'tis,  i dis*  [From  tonsil'la , 
a“tonsil."]  Inflammation  of  the  tonsils; 
a species  of  sore-throat. 

Tooth,  plural  Teeth.  [Bens,  plural 
©en'tes;  see  Dens.]  The  small  bones 
fixed  in  the  alveolar  cavities  of  the  upper 
and  lower  jaws,  designed  for  the  purpose 
565 


TOO 


TOR 


of  seizing,  cutting,  tearing,  or  grinding 
the  various  articles  which  form  the  food 
of  animals.  True  teeth  are  found  only 
in  the  Vertebrate.  The  teeth  of  an  adult 
human  subject  are  thirty-two  in  number; 
that  is,  sixteen  in  each  jaw.  They  con- 
sist of  four  kinds:  1.  Inciso’res  (“cut- 
ting” or  “ incisor”  teeth),  of  which  there 
are  eight  (four  in  each  jaw) ; 2.  Ouspi- 
da'ti  (“pointed”  or  “cuspidate”  teeth), 
four  in  number;  3.  Bicuspida'ti  or  Bicus’- 
pides  (“two-pointed,”  “bicuspidate,”  or 
“bicuspid”  teeth),  eight  in  number;  and 
4.  Mola'res  (“grinding”  or  “molar” 
teeth),  of  which  there  are  twelve,  six  in 
each  jaw.  The  body  and  lower  part  of 
the  tooth  consists  of  a very  hard  and 
firm  bone-like  texture,  termed  dentin  (or 
dentine );  that  part  which  projects  from 
the  alveolus,  called  the  corona , or  crown, 
being  covered  with  enamel , a semi- vitre- 
ous substance,  which  is  thickest  in  those 
parts  which  are  most  exposed  to  friction. 
The  structure  of  the  enamel  is  usually 
termed  fibrous;  but  in  fact  it  consists  of 
extremely  minute  hexagonal  columns  ra- 
diating from  the  centre  towards  the  sur- 
face of  the  tooth,  an  arrangement  by 
which  it  is  enabled  to  sustain  a great 
pressure  without  injury.  When  the  tooth 
first  emerges  from  the  gum,  it  is  covered 
with  a very  thin  layer  of  material  termed 
cemen'tum  (or  “cement”),  the  minute 
structure  of  which  corresponds  almost 
exactly  to  that  of  bone.  This  layer  is 
soon  removed  by  attrition  from  the  crown 
of  the  tooth,  but  continues  through  life 
to  form  the  covering  of  the  fang  or  root. 
The  lower  portion  and  roots  of  the  teeth 
contain  a cavity  filled  with  what  is  termed 
dental  p nip  ( pul'pa  den'tis ), — in  popular 
language  the  “marrow,” — which  consists 
of  a filament  of  nerve,  with  an  accom- 
panying artery  and  vein,  joined  together 
by  connective  tissue.  This  pulp  is  ex- 
tremely sensitive;  and  when,  by  the 
decay  of  the  tooth,  it  becomes  wholly  or 
partially  exposed  to  the  air,  it  produces 
the  distressing  affection  known  as  tooth- 
ache, or  odontalgia. 

Temporary  or  Decid'uoits  Teeth. 
( Den' ten  Decid'ui.)  These  are  twenty  in 
number:  so  named  because  they  are  shed 
between  the  ages  of  seven  and  fourteen, 
and  their  places  supplied  by  the  per- 
manent or  adult  teeth.  They  are  also 
termed  Milk-Teeth,  because  they  usually 
make  their  first  appearance  before  the 
child  is  weaned. 

The  term  teeth  is  applied  in  Botany  to 
the  segments  of  a serrate  or  dentate 
166 


leaf;  also  to  the  summits  of  sepals  which 
are  united  in  the  greater  part  of  their 
extent. 

Toothache.  See  Odontalgia,  and 
Odontagra. 

Toothed.  Beset  with  teeth  which  do 
not  point  towards  the  apex ; the  same  as 
dentate.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Tooth^liash.  The  disease  Strophulus 

confertus. 

To'paz.  [Gr.  tottu^iou.]  A crystallized 
mineral,  of  a yellow  or  wine  color,  com- 
posed chiefly  of  alumina  and  silica.  It 
is  used  in  jewelry. 

To-s>Sia'ceous.  [Topha'cews;  from 
to'phns , a “ sandstone.”]  Of  a sandy, 
or  hard,  gritty  nature. 

To'phus.*  (Gr.  Top);.)  Literally,  a 
loose  or  porous  stone.  Applied  to  the 
calcareous  matter  which  collects  on  the 
sides  of  vessels  in  which  water  is  boiled. 
Also  applied  to  the  calcareous  matter  in 
the  joints  (of  those  affected  with  the 
gout),  or  in  other  parts  of  the  body ; like- 
wise to  the  tartar  on  the  teeth.  In  Sur- 
gery, a swelling  particularly  affecting  a 
bone,  or  the  periosteum. 

Top'i-ca.*  [From  toito;,  a “place.”] 
Medicines  which  are  applied  locally  : as 
caustics,  emollients,  etc. 

TopT-cal.  [Top'icjis;  from  the 
same.]  Pertaining  to  a particular  part 
or  situation  of  the  body  ; local. 

To-pog-'ra-pEiy.  [TTopogra'pliia; 
from  Tom);,  a “place,”  and  yptyu,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  a place,  or 
of  the  form  of  the  surface  of  a limited 
portion  of  the  earth. 

Top'-SBiaped.  Inversely  conical; 
turbinate.  Applied  to  parts  of  plants. 

Tor'cu-lar,  a 'vis.®  [From  tor'queo, 
to  “twist,”  or  “torture.”]  Literally,  a 
“ wine-press.”  Applied  to  the  Tourni- 
quet, which  see. 

Tor'cadar  Me-ropSi'I-li.*  (Literally, 
“Herophilus’  Wine-Press.”)  A term 
applied  to  an  irregular  cavity  where  the 
principal  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  be- 
come confluent.  The  columns  of  blood 
coming  in  different  directions  were  sup- 
posed to  be  pressed  together  in  this  part. 

Tor  ment.  [Tor'inen,  inis,  or  Tor- 
men'tunn;  from  the  same.]  A racking 
pain.  Applied  to  iliac  passion,  on  account 
of  its  severity. 

Tor-Bnen-til'la.*  Tormentil.  A Lin- 
na>an  genus  of  the  class  fcosandria,  natu- 
ral order  Rosacese.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  for  the  rhizome  of  the 
Potentil'la  tormentil' la.  It  is  a simple 
and  powerful  astringent. 


TOR 


TOU 


Tormentil'la  E-rec'ta.  ::  The  former 

name  for  Potentilla  tormentilla. 

Tor'mi-na.*  [Plural  of  tor' men, 
“torment.”]  Severe  griping  or  wringing 
pains  in  the  bowels;  also,  dysentery. 

Tor'mi-nal.  [Tormina' lis;  from 
tor' men,  “torment.”J  Belonging  to  tor- 
mina. 

Tor-nsi'do.  [From  the  Spanish  tor- 
near,  to  “ turn,”  or  “ whirl.”]  Literally, 
“ whirlwind.”  Applied  to  a violent  hurri- 
cane or  gust  of  wind,  which,  arising  sud- 
denly from  the  shore,  veers  round  to  all 
points  of  the  compass,  and  has  been  de- 
scribed as  blowing  from  all  points  at 
once.  Tornadoes  are  frequent  in  the 
West  Indies. 

To-rose'.  [Toro'sus;  from  to' ms,  a 
“bed;”  also,  a “knob,”  or  “swelling.”] 
In  Botany,  applied  to  a cylindrical  body 
swollen  at  intervals. 

Tor-pe'do.*  Literally,  “numbness.” 
The  name  given  to  a genus  of  cartilagi- 
nous fishes,  separated  from  the  liaise  of 
Linnaeus  on  account  of  the  circular  form 
of  the  body,  and  more  especially  from 
the  presence  of  the  electrical  organs,  on 
which  that  form  of  the  body  mainly  de- 
pends. Violent  shocks  are  experienced 
on  touching  the  living  and  active  tor- 
pedo. There  is  reason  to  believe  that 
the  torpedo  uses  its  electrifying  or  be- 
numbing power  to  secure  its  prey,  as  well 
as  to  defend  itself  against  its  enemies. 

Tor'pid.  [Tor'padais;  from  tor'peo, 
to  “be  numbed.”]  In  a state  of  torpor, 
or  numbness ; incapable  of  action,  or  de- 
prived of  sensibility. 

Torpidity.  See  Torpor. 

Tor'p»r,o'r/s*  [See  Torpid.]  De- 
ficient sensation;  numbness;  torpidity. 

Tor-re-fae'tioai.  [Torrefac'lio, 
o'nis;  from  tor'ridus,  “dry,”  “hot,”  and 
fa'cio,  fac'tum,  to  “make.”]  The  act 
of  drying  or  roasting. 

Tor-re-fac'tns.*  Roasted.  See  Tor- 
refaction. 

Tor-rS-cal'lS-am  Vae'u-iim.  [From 
Torricel’U,  inventor  of  the  mercurial 
barometer.]  The  vacuum  produced  by 
inverting  a tube  of  sufficien  t length,  filled 
with  mercury  or  any  other  fluid,  in  a 
vessel  containing  a portion  of  the  same 
fluid,  and  allowing  the  fluid  irt  the  tube 
to  descend  until  its  weight  is  counter- 
balanced by  that  of  the  atmosphere.  In 
this  manner  the  first  barometers  were 
formed  by  Torricelli. 

Tor'rid.  [Tor'ridws ; from  tor'reo , 
to  “roast,”  or  “parch.”]  Parched; 
burned ; scorched.  Also,  hot,  parching. 


Tor'rid  Zone.  [Zo'na  Tor'rida.] 

All  that  space  between  the  Tropics;  so 
called  from  the  scorching  heat  which 
prevails  there. 

Tor'sion.  [Tor'sio,  o'nis;  from 
tor'qneo,  tor' turn  and  tor' sum,  to  “twist.”] 
A twisting.  Torsion  of  the  arteries:  an 
expedient  resorted  to  for  arresting  or 
preventing  haemorrhage. 

Tor'sion  SSal'ance.  A delicate  elec- 
trometer, so  called  because  its  principle 
consists  in  the  torsion  or  twisting  of  a 
single  fibre  of  the  web  of  a silkworm. 

Tor-tI-eolTis.;:  [From  tor'qneo, 

tor' turn,  to  “twist,”  and  col' lum , the 
“ neck.”]  The  muscular  affection  termed 
wryneck. 

Tor-ti'peS,  p 'edis.*  [From  tor'tus, 
“ twisted,”  and pes,  a “foot.”]  In  Botany, 
having  the  foot  or  pedicle  much  twisted: 
tortipede. 

Tor-tu-a'Iis.*  [From  tor'qneo,  tor'- 
tum,  to  “twist,”  or  “torment.”]  Tor- 
mented; suffering.  Sometimes  applied 
to  the  countenance  of  the  sick. 

Tor'tu-ous.  [Tortuo'sus;  from  the 
same.]  Winding;  crooked;  bent  in  dif- 
ferent directions. 

Tor-u-lose'.  [Tortilo'sais ; from 
tor' ulus,  a “little  bed.”]  Swelled  or 
bulged  out  in  a slight  degree;  somewhat 
torose:  torulous. 

Tor'u-Ius.;:  [Diminutive  of  to’rus, 
a “bed.”]  The  cavity  in  which  is  im- 
planted the  base  of  each  antenna  of  in- 
sects. 

To'rus.*  (A  “bed,”  or  “bolster.”) 
The  brawn,  or  thick  part,  of  the  arm  or 
leg.  Also  applied  to  the  receptacle  of  a 
flower. 

Touch.  [Lat.  Tac'tus;  Gr.  acpn,  and 
aipig;  Fr.  Toucher,  too'sha'.]  One  of  the 
five  senses.  That  sense  by  which  we 
know  the  physical  or  palpable  qualities 
of  bodies. 

ToncBi,  Morbid.  See  Parapsis. 

Toucher,  too'shsP.  (French.)  Lite- 
rally, the  “act  of  touching,”  or  exami- 
nation by  touch.  Applied  to  uterine  ex- 
amination with  the  fingers  per  vaginam. 

Touch '-me-not.  The  same  as  Noli 
me  Tangere,  which  see. 

Toiicti'-Wood.  The  popular  name 
of  the  Polyp' o-rns  ignia'rius,  a fungus 
found  on  the  willow  and  other  trees,  and 
also  called  Agaric  of  the  Oak.  It  is  used 
for  checking  haemorrhage. 

Tourmaline,  toor'ma-lin.  A crys- 
tallized mineral,  which  is  so  hard  as  to 
scratch  glass,  and  becomes  electric  when 
heated.  It  is  transparent  when  viewed 
567 


TOU 


TRA 


across  the  thickness  of  a crystal,  but  per- 
fectly opaque  when  turned  in  the  oppo- 
site direction.  It  is  composed  chiefly  of 
silica  and  alumina. 

Tourniquet,  tur'ne-ket.  (From  the 
French  Tou.rn.er,  to  “turn.”)  An  instru- 
ment or  appliance  for  compressing  the 
principal  blood-vessels,  to  prevent  hae- 
morrhage in  amputations,  wounds,  etc. 

Toax,too.  [Lat.  Tus'sis.]  The  French 
word  for  Cough,  which  see. 

Tonx  Convulsive,  too  k&N®Vurs6v'. 
(“Convulsive  Cough.”)  The  French 
name  for  Pertussis,  which  see. 

Tox-ae'am-a.*  The  same  as  Toxico- 
hasmia,  which  see. 

Tox  i-cal.  [From  toZik5v,  “poison.”] 
Poisonous. 

Tox-i-co-den'dram.*  [From  to^ikoj, 
“poison,”  and  dhdpos,  a “tree.”]  Poison 
Oak.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
and  Dub.  Ph.)  for  the  leaves  of  llhus 
toxicodendron. 

Tox-I-co-der-mi'tis,  idis*  [From 
tox'icum,  “poison,”  and  der'ma , the 
“skin.”]  A term  for  inflammation  of 
the  skin  through  contact  with  some  acrid 
poison. 

Tox-i-co-lise ' m a-a,:  or  Tox-ae'- 

[From  toIikqj,  a “poison,”  and 
aljxa,  “blood.”]  A contaminated  state  of 
the  blood;  poisoned  blood. 

Tox-i-c»l'o-£y.  [Toxicalo'gia ; 
from  To^ucor,  “p>ison,”  and  Xo/o;,  a “dis- 
course.”] The  doctrine  or  science  of 
poisons,  their  nature  and  effects;  or  a 
treatise  on  poisons. 

TTox-i-co'sis,*  plural  Tox-i-cu'ses. 

[From  tox'icum,  a “poison.”]  A term 
applied  to  diseases  which  are  the  result 
of  poisoning. 

Tox-if'er-ons.  [Toxif 'enia;  from 
tox'icum , “poison,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  or  containing  poison. 

Tn*.,  and  Tra.  = Tinctu'ra. * “A  tinc- 
ture.” 

Tra-bec'u-la,*  plural  Tra-bec'u-lse. 
[Diminutive  of  trabs , a “beam,”  “pillar,” 
or  “column.”]  Literally,  “small  or  mi- 
nute columns.”  Applied  to  the  small 
medullary  fibres  of  the  brain  which  con- 
stitute the  commissures,  to  the  fibres,  like 
comb-teeth,  constituting  the  septum  pec- 
tini/orme  of  the  corpora  cavernosa  of  the 
penis,  and  to  other  similar  structures. 

Tra-bec'u-late.  [From  trabec'ula , 
a “small  beam  or  bar.”]  Cross-barred. 

Tra'ehe-a*  (or  tra-kee'a),  plural  Tra'- 
che-se.  [Gr.  rpaxeTa,  the  feminine  of 
rpa\ v;,  “rough;”  Fr.  Trachee , tR&'sh&\] 
The  windpipe.  The  cartilaginous  and 
568 


membranous  canal  in  front  of  the 
oesophagus,  extending  from  the  larynx 
to  the  lungs,  to  and  from  which  it  con- 
veys the  air.  Also,  a spiral  vessel  or 
duct  of  a plant:  so  named  from  its  re- 
semblance to  the  windpipe,  or  rather  to 
the  tracheae  or  air-tubes  of  insects.  See 
Spiral  Vessels. 

Tra'clie-se,*  the  plural  of  Trachea. 

Tra'ehe-al.  [Trachea'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  trachea. 

Tracli-e-a'li-a.*  A name  for  the 
croup.  See  Tracheitis. 

Tra-clae-a'ri-us.*  Having  tracheae. 

Tra-che-i'tis,  idis*  [From  tra'chea , 
the  “windpipe.”]  Inflammation  of  the 
trachea;  another  name  for  croup. 

Tra-chel'a-gra.*  [From  rpdxn^og, 
the  “ neck,”  and  dypa , a “ seizure.”]  Gout, 
or  rheumatism,  in  the  neck. 

Tra-che-lis'mus.*  [From  rpdxn^og, 
the  “neck.”]  A bending  back  of  the 
neck.  Proposed  by  M.  Hall  as  designa- 
ting the  first  symptoms  of  epilepsy, 
consisting  in  contraction  of  the  muscles 
of  the  neck,  the  consequent  distension 
of  the  veins  causing  cerebral  congestion : 
trachelism.  * 

Trachelitis.  See  Tracheitis. 

Tra-cheTo-Mas-to-i'cte-Bis.*  [From 

rpjxn^o;,  the  “neck,”  and  proees'sus  mas - 
toi'deus,  the  “mastoid  process.”]  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  four  last  cervical,  and  some- 
times of  the  first  dorsal,  vertebrae,  and  in- 
serted into  the  mastoid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  It  draws  tjie  head  back- 
ward or  obliquely. 

Tra-ctien  'Hiy-ma,  at  is*  [From 
tra'chea,  and  eyx'pn,  “tissue.”]  In  Bot- 
any, tissue  formed  of  spiral  tubes  or 
vessels  like  tracheae.  See  Vascular 
Tissue,  and  Spiral  Vessels. 

Trach'e-o-tome.  [Tracheot'o- 
irnis;  from  tra'chea,  the  “windpipe,” 
and  Tcpvoi,  to  “cut.”]  An  instrument  for 
performing  tracheotomy. 

Tra-clie-ot'o-iiiy.  [Tracheoto'- 
laiaa:  from  the  same.]  JThe  operation  of 
cutting  into  or  opening  the  trachea.  See 
Broxchotomy. 

Tra-cflio'ina,  a tis*  [From  rpaxv;, 
“rough.”]  Roughness  on  the  internal 
surface  of  the  eyelid,  causing  violent 
ophthalmia  and  severe  pain  on  moving 
the  eyelid. 

Tra-cliy-pho'm-a.*  [From  rpaxv;, 
“ rough,”  and  (puivfi,  the  “ voice.”]  Rough- 
ness of  the  voice. 

Tra-chjte'ma.*  The  same  as  Tra- 
choma, which  see. 


TRA 


TRA 


Tra«lii*y-sta'€hy-ns.:|}  [From  rpa\vg, 
“ rough/’  and  a ru^oj,  an  “ear,”  or  “spike.”  J 
Having  spikes  rough  with  hairs. 

Tra-cltoyt'ie.  [Traciiyt'iciw;  from 
Tfiaxvrris,  “ roughness.”]  Applied  to  a 
group  of  plutonic  earths  having  a rough 
appearance. 

Tractors,  Metallic.  See  Perkinism. 

Trac'tns.*  [From  tra'ho,  true* turn, 
to  “draw/’  or  “extend.”]  An  extension : 
hence,  a space,  or  region. 

Trac'taas  Mo-to'ri-us.*  (“Motor 
Tract.”)  The  name  given  to  the  prolong- 
ation of  the  corpora  pyramidal  in  through 
the  pons  Vnrolii  into  the  crura  cerebri . 
The  motor  nerves  arise  from  this  tract. 

Trac'tns  Op'ti-cus.*  (“  Optic 
Tract.”)  The  circular  tract,  or  course  of 
the  optic  nerve  from  its  origin  round  the 
crus  cerebri. 

Tractns  Respiratorins.  See  Res- 
piratory Tract. 

Trade  Winds.  Winds  which  in  the 
torrid  zone,  and  often  a little  beyond  it, 
blow  generally  from  the  same  quarter, 
varying,  according  to  circumstances,  from 
northeast  to  southeast.  The  cause  is 
to  be  ascribed  to  the  high  comparative 
temperature  of  the  torrid  zone,  combined 
with  the  rotation  of  the  earth.  The 
trade  winds  are  so  named  because  they 
are  often  taken  advantage  of  by  those 
engaged  in  commerce  to  distant  parts  of 
the  world. 

Trag-a-can't'lia.*  [From  rpdyog,  a 
“goat,”  and  dxavda,  a “thorn,”  the  plant 
being  called  “.goat-thorn”  on  account  of 
its  thorny  petioles.]  Tragacanth.  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for  the  concrete 
juice  of  the  Astragalus  verus , and  of 
other  species  of  Astragalus.  It  is  demul- 
cent, but  is  little  employed  internally. 
The  great  viscidity  which  it  imparts  to 
water,  renders  it  useful  for  the  suspen- 
sion of  heavy  insoluble  powders. 

Trag’-a-can'thin.  A substance  found 
to  compose  the  whole  of  gum  tragacanth. 
Also  called  Adraganthin. 

Trag'l-cns.^  Belonging  to  the  tra- 
gus. Applied  to  a muscle  of  triangular 
f >rm  arising  from  the  middle  and  outer 
part  of  the  concha  and  inserted  into  the 
tip  of  the  tragus,  which  it  pulls  forward. 

Trag-o-po'gon  Por-ri-fo'li-nin.** 
The  systematic  name  of  salsify,  or  oyster- 
plant,  which  belongs  to  the  natural  order 
Cichoracese. 

Tra'^us.*  [From  rpdyog,  a “goat;” 
because  it  is  in  many  persons  covered 
with  hair.]  A part  of  the  ear : the  same 
as  Antilobium,  which  see. 


Trailing1.  See  Procumbent. 

Trance.  An  ecstatic  or  rapt  state  of 
mind.  Sometimes  applied  to  Catalepsy. 

Trans.  A Latin  preposition,  signify' 
ing  “across,”  or  “over,”  sometimes 
“ through;”  also,  “from  one  to  another.” 

Tran -s^en-den'tal.  [Transcen- 
dcnta'lis;  from  tia)is,  “beyond,”  and 
scan' do,  to  “climb.”]  That  which  tran- 
scends or  goes  beyond  the  limits  of 
actual  experience. 

Trans-for-ma'tion.  [Transfor- 
ina'tio,  o'nis;  from  trans,  “over,”  “from 
one  to  another,”  and  for' mo,  forma' turn,  to 
“make,”]  Literally,  the  act  of  changing 
one  thing  or  substance  into  another.  A 
change  of  form.  A morbid  change  in  a 
part,  consisting  in  the  conversion  of  its 
texture  into  one  of  a different  kind,  as 
of  the  soft  parts  into  bone  or  cartilage. 

Trans-fn'sion.  [Transfu'sio,o'/n«/ 
from  transfun' do , transfu'sum,  to  “pour 
from  one  vessel  into  another.”]  The  in- 
troducing of  blood  taken  from  the  veins 
of  one  living  animal  into  those  of  an- 
other; also,  the  introduction  of  other 
fluids  than  blood. 

Tran  >*it.  [From  tran'seo,  iron' si  turn , 
to  “pass  over.”]  In  Astronomy,  the 
culmination,  or  passage  of  a celestial 
body  across  the  meridian  of  any  place. 
Also,  the  passage  of  an  inferior  planet 
across  the  sun’s  disk. 

Tran-si'tion  Kocks.  A geological 
term  formerly  applied  to  the  older  second- 
ary series,  under  the  idea  that  they 
were  formed  during  the  transition  of  the 
globe  from  the  uninhabited  to  the  in- 
habited state. — (Brande.) 

Trans-la'tion.  [Transla'tio,  o'nis; 
from  transfe'ro,  transla'tum,  to  “ transfer,” 
to  “translate.”]  The  act  of  transferring. 
See  Metastasis. 

Trans-In 'cent,  or  Trans-In 'cid. 
[Translu 'cidus;  from  trans,  “through,” 
and  lu'ceo,  to  “shine.”]  Penetrable  by 
luminous  rays,  but  too  slightly  to  allow 
of  perceiving  objects;  semi-transparent; 
pellucid. 

Trans-in  n -ta't  ion  „ [From  trans, 
“from  one  to  another,”  and  mu' to,  muta'- 
tum,  to  “change.”]  The  act  of  changing 
one  thing  into  another.  In  Alchemy, 
the  operation  of  changing  base  or  im- 
perfect metals  into  gold  or  silver. 

Trans-parent.  [Tran  spa 'rens, 
en 'tis;  from  trans,  “through,”  and  pa' - 
reo,  to  “ appear.”]  Admitting  the  passage 
of  the  rays  of  light,  so  that  objects  ap- 
pear or  are  seen  through  any  medium; 
diaphanous. 


569 


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TRE 


Trans-pi-ra'tion.  [Traiispira'tio, 

o 'may  from  trans , “ through,”  and  spi'ro , 
spira'tum , to  “ breathe.”]  The  emission 
of  vapor  through  the  skin;  insensible 
perspiration. 

Trans-u-da'tion.  [Transucla'tio, 

©' ms;  from  trans,  “through,”  and  su'do, 
suda'tum,  to  “ sweat.’"]  The  passing  or 
oozing  of  blood,  or  other  fluid,  unaltered, 
through  the  pores  of  the  skin,  or  mem- 
branes; and,  so,  distinguished  from^er- 
spi  ration,  which  implies  that  the  per- 
spired fluid  is  secreted  from  the  blood. 

T rails- ver-sa'lis.*  [From  trans, 
“across,”  and  ver'to,  ver'sum,  to  “turn,” 
to  “direct.”]  The  same  as  Transverse, 
which  see. 

Traiisversa'lis  Afo-dom'i-ms.* 

(“  Transverse  [Muscle]  of  the  Abdo- 
men.”) A muscle  arising  from  the  car- 
tilages of  the  seven  lower  ribs,  etc.,  and 
inserted  into  the  line  a alba  and  the  crest 
of  the  ilium.  It  supports  and  compresses 
the  bowels. 

Traiisversa'lis  Col'll.**  (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle]  of  the  Neck.”)  A muscle 
arising  from  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth, 
cervical  vertebrae,  and  inserted  into 
those  of  the  third,  fourth,  fifth,  sixth, 
and  seventh  upper  dorsal  vertebrae.  It 
turns  the  neck  obliquely  backwards  and 
to  one  side. 

Traiisversa'lis  Ror'si*  (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle]  of  the  Back”);  also 
termed  Mul-tif'I-dus  Spi'nae.*  A 
muscle  situated  in  the  vertebral  gutters. 
Its  use  is  to  straighten  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn, and  give  it  a slight  rotary  motion. 

Trans- verse'.  [Transver'sas; 

see  Transversalis.]  Directed  or  placed 
crosswise.  Applied  to  muscles. 

Transverse'  Ax'is,  in  conic  sec- 
tions, is  the  diameter  which  passes 
through  both  foci.  It  is  the  longest 
diameter  of  an  ellipse,  and  the  shortest 
of  an  hyperbola. 

Transverse'  Su'ture.  [Sutu'ra 
Transversa'lis.]  That  which  passes 
across  the  face,  joining  the  bones  of  the 
skull  to  those  of  the  face. 

Trans- ver'sns  Au'ris*  (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle]  of  the  Ear”)  of  Al-M'- 
lius.  A muscle  arising  from  the  promi- 
nent part  of  the  concha  and  inserted  op- 
posite to  the  ou^er  side  of  the  anthelix. 

Transver'sus  Pe'dis.*  (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle]  of  the  Foot.”)  A muscle 
arising  from  the  metatarsal  bono  of  the 
great  toe  and  inserted  into  that  cf  the 
little  toe. 

570 


Transver'sus  Per-i-nae'i.* 

(“Transverse  [Muscle]  of  the  Peri- 
naeum.”)  A muscle  arising  from  the 
tuber  ischii  and  inserted  into  the  middle 
line  with  its  fellow.  It  is  supposed  to 
dilate  the  urethra. 

Tra-pe'zi-farsn.  [Trapezifor'mis ; 

from  trape'zium .]  Having  the  form  of 
a trapezium.  In  Botany,  unsymmetri- 
cally  four-sided. 

Tra-pe'zi-um.*  [Gr.  Tpaneliou ; from 
rpairs^a,  a “dinner-table.”]  Originally,  a 
quadrangle.  Applied  in  Geometry  to  a 
plane  figure  having  four  sides,  of  which 
no  two  are  parallel.  In  Anatomy,  the 
name  of  the  first  bone  of  the  second  row 
of  the  carpus,  or  wrist. 

Tra-pe'zi-us.*  Like  a trapezium. 
Applied  to  a muscle  of  the  neck  and 
back.  See  next  article. 

Tra-pe'zi-us.*  A muscle,  so  named 
from  its  form,  arising  from  the  superior 
transverse  line  of  the  occipital  bone, 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  seventh 
cervical  and  of  all  the  dorsal  vertebrae, 
and  inserted  into  the  clavicle,  the  acro- 
mion, and  the  scapula.  It  draws  the 
scapula  according  to  the  three  directions 
of  its  fibres.  It  is  also  termed  Cuculla- 
ris  (like  a hood). 

Trap-e-zoM'.  [Trapezoi'des ; from 
rpairs^a,  a “table,”  and  e'ido;,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a trapezium.  Applied  to 
a four-sided  figure  of  which  two  sides 
only  are  parallel  to  each  other. 

Trap  Rock.  [Swedish,  Trap' pa,  a 
“stair.”]  Applied  to  certain  volcanic 
rocks,  which  are  composed  of  felspar, 
augite,  and  hornblende,  and  are  so 
named  because  they  occur  in  large  tabu- 
lar masses  rising  one  above  another  like 
the  successive  steps  of  a staircase. 

Traia-inat'ic.  [Traumai'icus; 
from  Tpavpa,  a “wound.”]  Relating  to,  or 
caused  by,  a wound ; vulnerary. 

Trau-mo-ty'ptius.*  [From  Tpavpa , 
a “wound,”  and  ty’phus .]  Eisenmann’s 
term  for  hospital  gangrene. 

Trea'cle.  [Lat.  Sac'ckari  Fscx, 
and Ttieri'aca ; Fr.  Theriaque,  t&'re'ak'.] 
A name  for  molasses. 

Tree.  [Lat.  Ar  bor;  Gr . dzvdpov;  Fr. 
Arbre , aRbR.]  A woody  plant  with  a 
single  trunk,  which  attains  at  least  five 
times  the  human  stature. 

Tree-like.  See  Arborescent,  and 
Dendroid. 

Tre'foil.  [From  tres,  “three,”  and 
f o' Ham,  a “leaf.”]  A name  for  clover. 
(See  Trifolium  Pratense.)  It  is  some- 
times applied  to  the  Jlcpat'ica  triloba. 


TRE 


TRI 


Tre'foil,  Marsh,  and  Tre'foil, 
Wa'ter.  Common  names  for  the  Meny- 
an'thes  trifolia'  ia,  or  buck- bean. 

Tremamlraceav;Hre-man-dra'she-e. 
[From  T reman'  dr  a,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
shrubs,  all  natives  of  New  Holland. 

Treinblement.  See  Tremor. 

Trembles.  A popular  term  for  mer- 
curial tremor. 

Tre  mens."  [From  tre'mo , to  “trem- 
ble.”] Shaking;  trembling.  See  De- 
lirium Tremens. 

Tre  mor,  o'rio.*  [From  the  same.] 
(Fr.  Tr emblement , tROM'bl-moNa'.)  An 
involuntary  trembling. 

Tremor  Cor'd  is.*  (“  Tremor  of  the 
Heart.”)  A term  for  palpitation  of  the 
heart. 

Tremor  Mer-cu- r i-a ' 1 is*  (“Mer- 
curial Tremor”);  also  called  Tremor 
Me-tal'll-cus.*  (“Metallic  Tremor.”) 
A form  of  shaking  palsy;  an  affection  of 
the  nervous  system  induced  by  the  in- 
halation, or  other  application  to  the  body, 
of  mercurial  vapors. 

Tre'mor  Tend! -num.*  (“Trem- 
bling of  the  Tendons.”)  A term  for  the 
shaking  palsy;  a morbid  intermittent 
action  of  a spasmodic  kind. 

Tre-pan'.  [Trep'aim m;  from  rpv- 
ndio,  to  “bore.”]  An  instrument  by  which 
a circular  portion  of  bone  is  removed 
from  the  skull. 

Trep-a-na/tion.  [Trepaaia'tao, 

o' ms ; from  trep'anum , a “trepan.”] 
Trepanning,  or  operation  with  the  trepan. 

Tre-pliine'.  [Trepbi'na;  perhaps 
from  Tptiroi,  to  “ turn.”]  The  more  modern 
instrument  for  perforating,  or  removing 
a circular  piece  of  bone  from,  the  skull. 

Tre'sis.*  [From  Tpdto,  to  “bore,”  to 
“pierce.”]  Literally,  a “perforation.” 
A wound. 

Tri-.  [From  rpslg,  or  tres,  “ three.”] 
A prefix  denoting  “three,”  or  “thrice.” 

Tri-a-can'tSius.*  [From  rpzXg, 
“three,”  and  axarOa,  a “spine.”]  Having 
spines  disposed  in  threes. 

Tri-a-del'plioms.  [Triadel'pBius; 
from  rpsig,  “three,”  and  adeX'pog,  a “bro- 
ther.”] Having  the  filaments  in  three 
brotherhoods  or  sets. 

Tri-an 'dr a-a.*  [From  rpsTg,  “three,” 
and  ajfip,  dvfyog,  a “man,”  or  “male.”] 
The  third  Linnsean  class  of  plants,  com- 
prising those  which  have  three  stamens 
in  each  flower. 

Tri-an 'drous.  [Trian 'drills;  from 
the  same.]  Having  three  stamens : tri- 
andrious. 


Tri-an  'gu-lar.  [Triangularis ; 

from  tri-,  “three,”  or  “thrice,”  and  an'- 
gulus,  an  “ angle.”]  Having  three  angles. 

Tri-an-gu-la'ris  La-bi-oriini.* 
(“Triangular  [Muscle]  of  the  Lips.”) 
A name  frequently  given  to  the  depressor 
ariguli.  oris , from  its  triangular  shape. 

Triangularis  Ster'ni.*  (“Trian- 
gular [Muscle]  of  the  Sternum.”)  A 
muscle  arising  from  the  lower  part  of 
the  sternum  and  ensiform  cartilage  and 
inserted  into  the  cartilages  of  the  third, 
fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  ribs.  It  is  also 
called sterno-costalis  (i.e.  “connected  with 
the  sternum  and  ribs”).  It  depresses  the 
ribs. 

Tri-an  tlious.  [Trian  tlms ; from 
rpelg,  “three,”  and  arOog,  a “flower.”] 
Three-flowered.  Applied  to  a plant  the 
peduncles  of  which  bear  three  flowers. 

Tri'as.  A term  for  the  new  red  sand- 
stone group  of  rocks.  See  next  article. 

Trl-as'sic.  [Trias'sicus;  from  rpiag, 
a “triad.”]  Applied  to  the  new  red 
sandstone  (or  trios),  because  composed 
of  three  divisions. 

Tri-ba'sic.  [Tribas'icus;  from  tri-, 
“three,”  and  ha' sis,  a “base.”]  Having 
three  bases.  Applied  to  salts  having 
three  equivalents  of  a base  to  one  of  an 
acid.  See  Bibasic. 

Tri-cap 'su-lar.  [Tricapsula'ris; 
from  tri-,  “three,”  and  eap'sula,  a “cap- 
sule.”] Applied  to  fruits  formed  by  the 
union  of  three  capsules. 

Tri-car  pel-Ia-ry.  [From  rpeTg, 
“three,”  and  sap-nog,  “fruit.”]  Composed 
of  three  carpels. 

Tri-car  pons.  [Tricar'pus;  from 
the  same.]  In  Botany,  having  three 
ovaries. 

Tri-sepli 'a-lous.  [Tricepli'alius ; 

from  rpelg,  “three,”  and  sccpaXt),  the 
“head.”]  Three-headed.  Applied  to 
plants. 

Tri'ceps,  ip'itis .*  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  ca'put , the  “head.”]  Having  three 
heads.  Applied  to  certain  muscles  hav- 
ing three  origins. 

Tri'ceps  Au'ris.*  (“Three-headed 
[Muscle]  of  the  Ear.”)  A name  given 
to  the  posterior  auris , because  it  arises 
by  three  distinct  slips. 

Tri'ceps  Ex-ten 'sor  Cru'ris.* 
(“Three-headed  Extensor  of  the  Leg.”) 
A large  muscle  which  extends  the  leg.  It 
has  been  described  as  consisting  of — 1. 
The  Vas'tus  exter’nus,  arising  from  the. 
trochanter  major  and  inserted  into  the 
patella  and  fascia  of  the  knee-joint.  2. 
The  Vas'tus  inter'nus,  arising  from  tho 
571 


TRI 


trochanter  minor  and  inserted  in  like 
manner  into  the  patella  and  fascia.  3. 
The  Crurse'us,  arising  from  between  the 
trochanters  and  inserted  into  the  patella. 

Tri'ceps  Exten'sor 
(“  Three-headed  Extensor  of  the  El- 
bow/') A muscle  arising  by  three  heads 
from  the  inferior  border  of  the  scapula, 
and  from  the  os  humeri,  and  inserted  into 
the  olecranon.  It  extends  the  forearm. 

Tri-<*Iiaii'ttms.::  [From  0/>t£,  rpixog, 
the  “hair,”  and  avQog,  a “flower.”]  Hav- 
ing capillary  or  hair-like  flowers. 

Tri'-ehi-a,*  or  Tri-etai'a-sis.*  [From 
0pt'£,  “hair.”]  A disease  in  which  the  eye- 
lashes are  turned  in  towards  the  eyeball. 

Tri-clitl'i-a  E-met'i-ca.*  The  El- 
ca'ja;  a tree  found  in  Arabia  and  Senegal. 
The  fruit  is  used  as  an  emetic. 

Tri-clii'na  [from  0/>i'£,  “hair,”  from  its 
minuteness]  Spi-ra'lts.*  A species  of 
minute  entozoon  found  in  the  muscles. 
Heath  is  said  to  be  sometimes  caused  by  it. 

Tri~eliis'mns.*  [From  6pt%,  “hair.”] 
A hair-like  and  scarcely  perceptible  frac- 
ture of  a bone. 

Trich-o-cal-y"®*'5**18/1'  [From  0p(£, 
“hair,”  and  Ka\vz,  a “calyx.”]  Having 
the  calyx  covered  with  hair. 

Trich-©-car'i>ns.*  [From  0pt£, 
“hair,”  and  Kapnog,  “fruit.”]  Having 
hairy  fruit. 

Tri€lli-o-cau'las.*  [From  0pt£,  “hair,” 
and  Kav\og,  a “stem.”]  Having  a hairy 
stem. 

Tri-eSB-©“$eu>li'R-liis  [from  0pt£, 
“hair,”  and  K&fxiXrj,  the  “head”]  I>is'- 
l>asv;-  The  long  thread-worm,  generally 
found  in  the  caecum. 

Tri'^ehoid.  [Triclioi'des;  from  0pt£, 
“hair,”  and  e'idog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling hair. 

Tri-cliol'o-g’y.  [Trieholo'g’ia;  from 

0pi'£ , “hair,”  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”] 
A treatise  on  hair,  or  the  science  of  hair. 

Tri-clio'ma,  at  is*  [From  Opt £, 
“hair.”]  Plica,  or  plaited  hair;  also 
termed  Trichia,  and  Trichiasis.  A genus 
of  the  order  Impetigines,  class  Qachexise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Tricli-o-phyl'Ioos.  [Tric!»oi?thyl'- 
lus;  from  0pi'£.  “hair,”  and  (pvXXov , a 
“leaf.”]  Having  hairy  leaves. 

Tri-clio'sis.*  [From  Opi\,  rpt\o  g, 
“hair.”]  A generic  term  applied  by 
Hr.  Good  to  diseases  of  the  hair. 

Tri-ctiot'o-nious.  [Trie^ot'o- 
mus;  from  rpi\a,  “ threefold,”  and  r£/*y<j, 
to  “cut.”]  Bivirled  into  threes.  In 
Botany,  branched  into  threes. 

Tri'diro-i&m.  [TricUirois'mus; 

572 


TRI 

from  rpeTg,  “three,”  and  xpoa , “color.”] 
The  phenomenon  of  a body  seeming  to 
be  of  three  diflerent  colors,  according  to 
the  way  in  which  the  luminous  rays 
traverse  it;  a phenomenon  observed  in 
certain  precious  stones. 

Tri-cEm'ras,  i clis*  [From  0pt£,  a 
“hair,”  and  ovpa,  a “tail.”]  The  long 
hair-worm. 

TrI-coc'cons.  [Tricoe'cns ; from 
rpeTg,  “three,”  and  kokko g,  a “berry,”] 
Having  three  cocci  (separable  closed 
cells). 

Tri-cor'ne.*  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  cor'nu,  a “horn.”]  A term  applied  to 
each  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain,  from 
its  three-horned  shape. 

Ta*a-cns'pid.  [Tricus'pis,  i dis  ; 
from  tri-,  “three,”  and  cus' pis,  a “point.”] 
Having  three  points.  Applied  to  a valve 
between  the  right  auricle  and  ventricle 
of  the  heart. 

Tri-cus ' pi-date.  [Tricuspida'tus ; 

from  the  same.]  Having  three  points. 
Applied  to  leaves. 

Tra-clen'late.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  dens,  den'tis,  a “tooth.”]  Three- 
toothed. 

Tri-en'm-al.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  an' nus,  a “year.”]  Lasting  three 
years.  Applied  to  plants. 

Trl-fa'cial.  [Trifacia'lis:  from  tri-, 
“three,”  and  fa'cies , the  “face.”]  Ap 
plied  to  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves,  their 
three  divisions  being  distributed  on  the 
face.  See  Trigemini. 

Tri-fiYra-oits.  [Trifa'rins.]  In 
three  vertical  ranks.  Applied  to  parts 
of  plants. 

Tri 'lad.  [Trif'idus;  from  tri-, 
“three,”  or  “thrice,”  and  Jin' do,  to 
“cleave.”]  Three-cleft. 

Tri-fo'li-ate.  [Tri  folia 'Ins;  from 
tri-,  “three,”  and  fo'lium,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  three  leaflets ; three-leaved.  Ap- 
plied to  a compound  leaf,  as  that  of  the 
clover. 

Tri-fo'li-um  Pra-ten'se.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  for  red  clover,  a plant  of 
the  Linnaean  class  Diadelphia,  natural 
order  Leguminosse. 

Tri-fur'cate.  [From  tres , “three,” 
and  fur'ea,  a “fork.”]  Three-forked. 

Trig'a-anous.  [From  rpeTg,  “three,” 
and  yafiog,  “marriage,”  or  “union.”] 
Applied  to  plants  having  on  the  same 
flower-head  three  sorts  of  flowers,  stami- 
nate,  pistillate,  and  perfect. 

Tri-gem'i-ni*  {ner'vi  being  under- 
stood). The  “triple  nerves.”  Also  termed 
Par  Tri-gem'I-mim,*  the  “triple 


TRI 


TRI 


pair.”  A name  for  the  fifth  and  largest 
pair  of  the  encephalic  nerves.  It  con- 
sists of  three  principal  portions  or 
branches,  called  the  ophthalmic , the  supe- 
rior maxillary,  and  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary. As  these  three  branches  are  prin- 
cipally distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  they  have  been  termed  collectively 
the  trifacial  nerve. 

Tri-gem 'l-nns.*  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  gem’ inns,  “twin,”  or  “double.”] 
Literally,  “three  double,” — that  is,  triple. 
Applied  in  the  plural  to  a pair  of  nerves. 
See  preceding  article. 

Trl'gon.  [Trig© ' bb aim ; from  rpzXg, 
“three,”  and  yom'a,  an  “angle.”  See 
Trigone.]  A figure  of  three  angles;  a 
triangle. 

Trig'o-mal,  or  Tri'go-nionis.  [Tri- 
go'iatns.]  Three-cornered,  or  having 
three  angles.  Applied  to  seeds  or 
fruits. 

Trig-©®!*©  (Fr.),  tre-gon'  [Trigo'ims: 
from  tri  go' mini] ; called  also  the  Ves'- 
I-cal  Tri'ani-gle.  The  small  triangular 
space  on  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
bladder,  between  the  orifice  of  the  ure- 
thra and  the  orifices  of  the  ureters. 

Trigone  Vesicale  (v&'z&'k&l'),  or 
“Vesical  Triangle.”  See  Trigone. 

Trigomelfla  Foenaam.  See  Fenu- 
greek. 

Tri-g©n-©-caa*'pus.*  [From  trigo’  - 
nits,  “triangular,”  and  Kapirog,  “fruit.”] 
Having  triangular  fruit : trigonocarpous. 

Trag-o-no-met'ri-cal.  [Trigono- 
met'ricus.]  Belonging  to  trigonome- 
try. 

Trig-o-nom'e-try.  [Trigonome- 
tria;  from  rpiycovou,  a “triangle,”  and 
perpsu),  to  “measure.”]  Originally,  the 
measurement  of  triangles,  or  that  branch 
of  mathematics  which  treats  of  the  rela- 
tions between  the  sides  and  angles  of 
triangles.  In  its  modern  acceptation,  it 
includes  all  formulae  relative  to  angles 
or  circular  arcs,  and  the  lines  connected 
with  them. 

Trigyn-oiis.  [Trigyii'ius;  from 
rpctj,  “three,”  and  ywr\,  a “woman,”  or 
“female.”]  Having  three  pistils;  tri- 
gynious. 

Tra-be'«lral.  [Trihed'ricus,  or 
Trihe'drus;  from  rpzXg,  “three,”  and 
edpa,  a “base.”]  Having  three  bases  or 
faces:  trihe'drous. 

Tri'labe.  [From  tri-,  “three,”  and 
la’bium , a “lip;”  or  perhaps  from  tri-, 
and  \aSeXv,  to  “lay  hold  on;”  because  it 
takes  a triple  hold.]  An  instrument  for 
extracting  foreign  bodies  from  the  blad- 
49 


dcr  through  the  urethra.  It  has  at  the 
termination  three  branches,  or  arms, 
which  can  be  expanded  after  it  is  in- 
serted into  the  bladder. 

Tri-lat'e-ral.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  la’tus,  lat’eris,  a “side.”]  Three- 
sided. 

Trilliacese,*  tril-le-a'sbe-e.  [From 
Tril'lium , one  of  the  genera.]  A natu- 
ral order  of  endogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  in  temperate  regions. 

Tril'li-iun.*  A genus  of  plants  of 
the  natural  order  Trilliacese . The  root 
is  astringent. 

Tri'lo-bate.  [From  tri-,  “three,”  and 
lo'bus,  a “lobe.”]  Three-lobed. 

Tri-loc'u-lar.  [From  tri-r  “three,” 
and  loc'ulit8,  a “cell.”]  Three-celled. 

Tri 'me- rows.  [From  t peXg,  “three,” 
and  pepog,  a “part.”]  Having  three  parts 
in  each  whorl.  Applied  to  flowers  which 
have  three  petals,  three  stamens,  etc.  It 
is  often  printed  with  figures : as,  3-merous. 

Tri-ner'vate.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  ner’vus,  a “ nerve.”]  Three-nerved. 
Applied  to  leaves. 

Trieecioiis,  tri-e'shus.  [Trioe'cius; 
from  rpeig,  “three,”  and  olrog,  a “house,” 
“habitation;”  also,  “family.”  See  Di- 
oecious.] Having  staminate,  pistillate, 
and  perfect  flowers  on  three  different 
plants  of  the  same  species. 

Tri-os'  te-iiin.**  Fever-root.  The 
Pharmncopceial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the 
root  of  the  Trios’ teum  perfolia’ turn.  The 
root  is  cathartic  and  (in  large  doses) 
emetic. 

Tri-ov'u-lafe.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  ov’ ulum,  an  “ ovule.”]  Having  three 
ovules. 

Tsri-par'ti-ble.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  par'tio,  parti' turn,  to  “part.”]  Ca- 
pable of  being  split  into  three. 

Tri-par  life.  [Triparti'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Three-parted. 

Tri-pet'a-lous.  [From  TpeXg,  “three,” 
and  TtiraXo’,  a “petal.”]  Having  three 
petals. 

Tri-pbyMoiis.  [TriphylTus:  from 
rpzXg,  “three,”  and  (ptWov,  a “leaf.”] 
Having  three  leaves. 

Tri-pin' 1® ate.  [From  tri-,  “three,”  or 
“thrice,”  and  pin'na,  a “feather.”] 
Thrice-pinnate.  Applied  to  a leaf  in 
which  there  are  three  series  of  pinna- 
tion. 

Tri-piii-nat'i-llcl.  Thrice  pinna- 
tifid. 

Trip  li-ner veil.  [Tripliner'vis ; 

from  tri’ plus,  “triple,”  and  ner’vus,  a 
“nerve.”]  Triple-nerved;  triple-ribbed. 

573 


TRI 


TRO 


Applied  to  a leaf  when  the  midrib  gives 
off  a strong  primary  vein  or  branch  on 
each  side  above  the  base. 

Trip-lo ' pi-a.  * [From  rpnfkoo;, 

“triple,”  and  oVro^at,  to  “see.”]  Dis- 
ordered vision  in  which  objects  are 
tripled. 

Tri'pod.  [From  rpsTg,  “ three/'  and 
mV;,  -oSog,  a “foot.”]  A stool,  table,  or 
vessel  having  three  feet. 

Tri'pod,  Vi'tal.  A term  applied  to 
the  heart,  lungs,  and  brain. 

Tri-que'tra,  ©s'sa*  [see next  article], 
otherwise  called  ©s'sa  Worm-I-a'na.* 
The  triangular  bones  sometimes  found 
in  the  course  of  the  lambdoidal  suture. 

Tri-que'troais.  [Trique'tms;  from 
trique'tra,  a “triangle.”]  Triangular; 
having  three  salient  angles. 

Tri-salt'.  [Tri'sal,  airs/  from  tri-, 
“three,”  or  “thrice,”  and  sal,  a “salt.”] 
A salt  containing  three  times  as  much 
acid  to  the  same  quantity  of  base,  or 
three  times  as  much  base  to  the  same 
quantity  of  acid,  as  the  corresponding 
neutral  salt. 

Tri-sep 'a-lous.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  sep'alum,  a “sepal.”]  Composed  of 
three  sepals. 

Tri-se'ri-al.  [From  tres,  “three,” 
and  se’ries,  a “row,”  or  “order.”]  In 
three  rows  or  ranks,  one  below  another. 

Tris'nrms.*  [From  rpi$a),  to  “gnash.”] 
Lock-jaw  or  locked-jaw.  See  Tetanus 
Trismus. 

Tiris'iums  XascesB'tinm*  (nas-sen'- 
she-um).  (“Locked-Jaw  of  Infants.”) 
Occurring  usually  within  two  weeks  from 
their  birth. 

Tris'rams  Trana-mat'i-ciis.*  Trau- 
matic locked-jaw;  that  is,  locked-jaw 
arising  from  a wound. 

Tri-splanch'ni-a.  - Pinel's  term  for 
an  affection  of  the  trisplanchnic  or  great 
sympathetic  nerve.  Applied  to  Oriental 
cholera. 

Tri-splaneh'nic  Jferve.  [Ner'vns 
Trisplancai'niicaas;  from  rpcTg,  “three,” 
and  oTrXZyxros,  a “viscus;”  because  it  is 
connected  with  the  viscera  of  the  three 
great  cavities  of  the  body:  viz.,  of  the 
head,  thorax,  arid  abdomen.]  Also  called 
the  Great  Sym-pa-tRiet'ic.  The  name 
of  a nerve,  or,  rather,  a series  of  ganglia 
joined  together  by  a multitude  of  ner- 
vous filaments.  It  extends  the  whole 
length  of  the  trunk,  and  is  connected  by 
a branch  with  each  of  the  thirty  pairs 
of  spinal  nerves,  and  also  with  some  of 
the  encephalic  nerves.  Its  peculiar  func- 
tion in  tho  animal  economy  has  not  yet 
574 


been  satisfactorily  explained.  Bichat 
considered  it  to  be  the  nervous  system 
of  organic  life,  as  contradistinguished 
from  the  brain  and  spinal  marrow,  which, 
with  their  appropriate  nerves,  constitute 
the  nervous  system  of  animal  life. 

Tris'ti-elBoos.  [From  rpeig,  “three,” 
and  cnxog,  a “row.”]  In  three  vertical 
ranks.  Applied  to  leaves. 

Tfl-stB^-mat'ic.  [From  tri-, 

“three,”  and  stig'ma , stig'matis,  a 
“mark,”  or  “stigma.”]  Having  three 
stigmas. 

Tri-sty 'Ions.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
and  sty' Ins,  a “style.”]  Having  three 
styles. 

Trit.  = Tril'ura.%  “Triturate.” 

Tri-ter'mate.  [From  tri-,  “three,” 
or  “thrice,”  and  ter’ni,  “three  by  three.”] 
Thrice  ternate.  Applied  to  a compound 
leaf  in  which  there  are  three  series  of 
ternation. 

Trit'i-cfn.  [Tritici'na.]  The  glu- 
ten of  wheat. 

Trit 'I  -csim.*  [From  te’ro,  tri'tum , 
to  “thresh.”]  A Linnman  genus  of  the 
class  Triandria , natural  order  Grami- 
nacese. 

Trit'icum  iE-sti'vum.*  (“Sum- 
mer Wheat.”)  The  wheat-plant;  more 
properly  applied  to  the  variety  known  as 
“ spring  wheat.” 

Trit'lctim  Ily-ber  nam.^  (“Win- 
ter Wheat.”)  The  name  of  a species  or 
variety  commonly  known  as  winter 
wheat. 

Trit'icwm  Vul-g-a're.*  (“Common 
Wheat.”)  Another  name  for  the  wheat- 
plant.  See  Triticum  .ZEstivum. 

Tri-tox'Me.  [Tritox'yduim ; from 
tri-,  and  ox'ydum,  an  “oxide.”]  An 
oxide  which  contains  one  atom  of  base 
united  to  three  atoms  of  oxygen. 

Trit-u-ra' t ion.  [Tra  lu  ra ' tio, 

o'nis;  from  tc'ro,  tri'tum,  to  “rub,”  or 
“bray.”]  The  process  of  reducing  solid 
bodies  to  powder  by  continued  rub- 
bing. 

Triv'i-al.  [Trivia'Its;  from  triv'- 
ium,  a “place  where  three  ways  meet.”] 
Originally,  “much  frequented:”  hence, 
“common.”  The  trivial  name  is  the 
popular-name  of  a plant.  In  Botany, 
used  synonymously  with  specific,  being 
applied  to  the  name  which  is  added  to 
the  generic  name;  for  example,  Gallica 
is  the  trivial  name  in  the  compound 
appellation  Rosa  Gallica. 

Trocar,  tro'k&r.  [From  trois  quarts, 
“three-quarters,”  on  account  of  its  three- 
sided  point.]  A sharp-pointed  instru- 


TRO 


TRU 


ment  used  in  the  operation  of  tapping, 
or  paracentesis. 

Trocli.  = TrochW cu8.*  “ A troche,  or 
lozenge.” 

Tro-clian ' ter,  e'ru?.'*  [From  rpoxaw, 
to  “turn,”  or  “revolve.”]  Applied  ori- 
ginally to  the  ball  on  which  the  femur 
turned  in  its  socket.  Applied  to  two 
processes  of  the  femur,  major  and  minor. 
Also  to  the  second  joint  of  the  hind  leg 
of  insects,*  and  to  the  second  piece  of 
the  simple  limb  of  the  Crustacea. 

TrocBaar.  See  Trocar. 

Troctie  (trotch),  orTroeh.  See  Tro- 
chiscus. 

Tro-eMiM-for'mis,*  or  Tro-chl- 
for' inis.*  [From  rpoxog,  a “wheel.”] 
Resembling  a wheel. 

Troeli'i-nus.*  [From  no\6g,  a 
“wheel.”]  Chaussier’s  term  for  the 
smaller  of  the  two  superior  eminences  of 
the  os  humeri. 

Tro-cliis'cus,*  plural  Tro-chis'^i. 

[Diminutive  of  rpoyd?,  a “wheel,*”  be- 
cause often  made  in  the  shape  of  a 
wheel.]  A troche,  or  lozenge,  usually 
consisting  of  some  medicinal  substance 
incorporated  with  sugar  or  mucilage.  (See 
U.S.  Pharmacopoeia,  page  339.) 

Troeli'I-ter,  e'ros.*  The  larger  of 
the  two  eminences  mentioned  under 
Trochinus. 

Trochlea,*  trok'le-a.  [From  rpoxog, 
a “wheel  ”]  The  fibro-cartilaginous 
pulley  near  the  internal  angular  process 
of  the  frontal  bone,  through  which  the 
tendon  of  the  obhquns  superior  muscle 
passes. 

Troeh'le-air.  [Troclilea'ris.]  Be- 
longing to  the  trochlea.  In  Botany, 
pulley-shaped. 

Troeh-le-a'ris.*  A name  for  the 
obli'quus  superior,  a muscle  of  the  eye 
which  passes  through  the  trochlea. 

Troeh-le-a'toa*,  o'nV*  Applied  in 
the  plural  ( Trochleato'res ) to  the  fourth 
pair  of  nerves,  because  distributed  to 
the  trocklearis  muscle.  See  Pathetic 
Nerves. 

Troeh-le-a-to'res,*  the  plural  of 
Trochleator,  which  see. 

Tro'eliioid.  [TrocBioi'des;  from 
rpoxk,  a “wheel,”  and  eito;,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  a wheel.  Applied  to  a 
movable  connection  of  bones  in  which 
one  rotates  upon  another. 

Troms&e  mi  Conduit  cl’  Eustache. 
The  French  term  for  Eustachian  Tube, 
which  see. 

Tronc.  See  Truncus. 

Tro-pae'o-lum  Ma'jus.*  The  sys- 


tematic name  of  the  nasturtium,  a plant 
of  the  natural  order  Geraniacese.  It  is 
reputed  antiscorbutic. 

Tropti'i-cal.  [Vroph  iens:  from 
Tf^i),  “nourishment.”]  Pertaining  to 
nutrition. 

Tropli-o-neu-ro'sis.*  [From  rpotpr), 
“nourishment,”  and  neuro'sis .]  A spe- 
cies of  fatal  atrophy,  in  which  the  pro- 
cess of  nutrition  suffers  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

Troph'O'Sperm.  [Trophospcr'- 
inaum;  from  rpo^g,  a “nurse,”  or 
“nourisher,”  and  o-nippa,  a “seed.”]  A 
name  for  the  placenta  of  plants. 

Trop'ic.  [Trop  icus;  from  Tfomsog, 
“pertaining  to  a turning.”]  One  of  the 
two  parallels  of  latitude  on  the  earth, 
distant  from  the  equate  r 23^°,  and 
marking  the  utmost  limit  of  the  sun’s 
advance  noithward  or  southward  at  the 
summer  or  winter  solstice,*  so  named 
because  at  this  point  the  sun  seems  to 
stop  in  its  northward  or  southward  course, 
and  turn  backwards;  the  Northern  is 
called  the  Tropic  of  Cancer,  the  Southern, 
that  of  Capricorn. 

Trop'I-cal.  [Gr.  rponiKog;  from  Tponfj, 
a “turn,”  or  “return.”]  Growing  near 
or  between  the  tropics;  belonging  to  the 
tropics. 

Trough,  Pneumatic.  See  Pneu- 
matic Trough. 

Tronsse.  See  Truss. 

True  Itibs.  The  seven  superior,  or 
the  sternal,  ribs,  attached  to  the  sternum 
by  distinct  cartilages. 

True  Spinal  Mar  row.  The  spi- 
nal cord. 

Tnif'fle.  [L.y coper  cion  Tu  ber.] 

A subterranean  fungus  used  as  an  ali- 
ment. 

Trum  pet-Shapeil.  Tubular,  with 
the  summit  dilated.  Applied  to  flowers. 

Trim 'cate,  or  Trun'cat-ed. 
[Trimca'tus;  from  tncn'co,  trunca’tum , 
to  “cut  off.”]  In  Botany,  shaped  as  if 
cut  off  at  the  end.  Applied  to  leaves. 
A truncated  cone  (or  pyramid)  is  one 
whose  vertex  has  been  cut  off  by  a plane 
parallel  to  the  base. 

Trunlt.  [Lat.  Trun'cus;  Fr.  Tronc , 
tr6N«.]  Originally,  the  body,  exclusive 
of  head  and  extremities:  now  often  ap- 
plied to  the  head  and  body  without  the 
limbs.  In  Botany,  the  main  stem  or 
column  of  a tree,  exclusive  of  its  branches. 

Truss.  [Lat.  Braehe'rium;  Fr. 
Trousse,  trooss.]  A support  or  bandage 
of  peculiar  construction,  adapted  to  sev- 
eral kinds  of  hernia. 


575 


TUB 


TUB 


Tuba  Eustacftiana.  See  Eusta- 
chian Tube. 

Tuba  Fallopiana.  See  Fallopian 
Tubes. 

Tube.  (From  tu'bus , a "pipe,”  or 
"tube.”]  In  Botany,  the  portion  of  a 
calyx  or  corolla  formed  by  the  union  of 
tho  sepals  or  petals. 

Tube,  Pollen.  See  Pollen  Tube. 

Tu  ber,  er is.*  [From  tu'meo,  to 
"swell.”]  A knob  or  excrescence.  Ap- 
plied in  Anatomy  to  a hump  or  protube- 
rance. In  Botany,  a short  and  thick- 
ened subterranean  branch,  as  the  edible 
part  of  the  potato,  popularly  included 
under  the  term  "root.”  In  Surgery,  a 
knot,  enlargement,  or  swelling  of  any 
part. 

Tuber  Annulare.  See  Pons  Ya- 

ROLTL 

Tu'ber  Ci-ne're-um.*  ("Ash- 
colored  Tuber.”)  An  eminence  of  gray 
substance,  forming  part  of  the  floor  of 
the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Tu'ber  Is'-ebi-i.*  ("Tuber  of  the 
Ischium.”)  A round  knob  forming  that 
point  of  the  ischium  on  which  we  sit: 
hence  this  bone  has  been  named  os  sed- 
entarium  ("sedentary  bone”). 

Tti'ber-cle.  [Tuber 'culum;  dimi- 
nutive of  tu'ber,  a "knob,”  or  "swell- 
ing.”] A small  swelling  or  tumor  in 
the  substance  of  an  organ.  A morbid 
product  occurring  in  various  textures  of 
the  body,  resulting  from  a peculiar  mor- 
bid habit  or  condition  of  the  system 
known  as  tubercular  diathesis.  In  Bot- 
any, a small  tuber  or  excrescence. 

Tu'ber-cletl.  Bearing  excrescences. 
Applied  to  plants. 

Tu-ber 'cu-la.*  [Plural  of  tuber'  culum, 
a "tubercle,”  or  "little  knob.”]  An 
order  in  Willan’s  Cutaneous  Diseases, 
comprising  small,  hard,  prominent,  and 
circumscribed  tumors,  permanent  or  par- 
tially suppurating. 

Tuber 'cula  Quail-ri-gem'i-na.* 

("Quadruple  Tubercles.”)  [See  Quad- 
rigeminus.]  Also  termed  Cor'po-ra 
^uadrigein'ina*  ("Quadruple  Bo- 
dies”), and  Em-I-nen'ti-ae  Quadri* 
g-em'inse*  ("  Quadruple  Eminences,  or 
Protuberances”).  The  four  oval-shaped 
bodies  situated  below  the  posterior  com- 
missure of  the  brain.  The  two  superior 
and  larger  are  termed  the  nates,  the  other 
two  the  testes. 

Tu-ber 'cu-lar.  [Tubercula'ris ; 

from  tuber' culum.]  Having  tubercles; 
tuberclcd. 

Tuber  cular  IMitliis'is.  Consump- 
576 


tion  caused  or  attended  by  the  develop- 
ment of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tu-ber-cu-lif  'er-ous.  [Ttibercu- 

lif'erus;  from  tuber' culum,  a "tuber- 
cle,” and  fe'ro , to  "bear.”]  Bearing 
tubercles. 

Tu-ber-cu-li'tis.*  [From  tuber' cu- 
lum, a "tubercle/’]  Inflammation  of  a 
tubercle. 

Tu-ber-cu-lo'sis.*  The  formation 
of  tubercles  or  tuberculous  disease;  also 
applied  to  the  morbid  condition  which 
gives  rise  to  tubercles. 

Tu-ber 'cu-lum  An-nu-la're.* 

("Annular  Protuberance:”  so  called 
because  its  transverse  strise  present  the 
appearance  of  numerous  small  rings.) 
A name  for  the  Pons  Varolii,  which 
see. 

Tnbercnlum  Loweri.  See  Loweri 

Tuberculum. 

Tu-be-rif 'er-ous.  [Tuberif'erus; 

from  tu'ber,  and  fe’ro,  to  "bear.”]  Bear- 
ing or  having  tubers. 

Tu-be-ros'i-ty.  [Tuberos'itas ; 

from  tu'ber,  a "knob.”]  An  eminence 
or  process  of  a bone,  which  gives  attach- 
ment to  muscles  or  ligaments. 

Tuberos'ity  of  the  Is'eha-um. 
The  same  as  Tuber  Isciiii,  which  see. 

Tu'ber-ous.  [Tubero'sus.]  Hav- 
ing tubers,  or  resembling  tubers : tu'be- 
roce. 

Tu-bif'er-oras.  [Tubif'erus; 

from  tu'bus,  a "tube,”  and  fe'ro , to 
"bear.”]  Bearing  or  having  tubes. 

Tu-bi-flo'rus.;:  [From  tu'bus,  a 

"tube,”  and  flos,  a "flower.”]  Having  a 
tubulous  corolla;  that  is,  having  the  tube 
of  the  corolla  very  long:  tubiflo'rous. 

Tu'bi-form  [Tubifor'mis,  or 

Tubsefor'mis;  from  tn'ba,  a "trum- 
pet”] ; written  also  Tu  be-form.  Formed 
like  a trumpet,  or  tube  enlarged  at  one 
of  its  extremities. 

Tu'biform.  [Tubifor'mis;  from 

tu'bus,  a "tube.”]  Formed  like  a tube. 

Tu'bu-lar.  [Tubula'ris;  from 
tu'bulus,  a "little  tube.”]  Resembling 
a tube;  tube-shaped.  Applied  to  a form 
of  monopetalous  corolla;  as  that  of  the 
Lonice'ra  (Honeysuckle). 

Tu'bu-lat-ed,  or  Tu'bu-lous. 

[Tubula'tus;  from  the  same.]  Formed 
like  a tube;  tubular. 

Tu'bule.  [Tu'bulus.]  A small 
tube. 

Tu'bu-li.*  [Plural  of  Tub  ulus.] 
("Little  Tubes.”)  Applied  to  several 

sets  of  minute  vessels  in  different  situa 
tions  of  the  body. 


TUB 


TUN 


Tu'buli  Rec'ti.*  (“Straight  Tu- 
bules.”) From  twelve  to  twenty  small 
tubes  which  pass  in  parallel  lines  to  the 
back  and  upper  part  of  the  testicle,  form- 
ing there  an  oblong  eminence  termed  the 
Corpus  Hiyhmori  or  Corpus  Hiyhmori- 
anum  (“Highmorian  Body”). 

Tu'buli  Sem-i-nif'e-ri.*  (“Semi- 
niferous Tubules.”)  The  small,  fine, 
tubular  threads,  about  the  two-hundredth 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  which,  folded  on 
each  other,  compose  the  substance  of  the 
testicle. 

Tu'buli  U-rl-nif'e-ri.*  (“Urinif- 
erous  Tubules.”)  The  small  fine  vessels 
of  a pale  color  and  dense  structure, 
arranged  in  eight  or  ten  conical  fascic- 
uli, which  have  their  bases  to  the  cir- 
cumference, and  their  apices,  or  papillae, 
towards  the  concave  edge  of  the  kidney. 

Tu'bu-li-bran-dil-a'tus.*  [F  rom 
tu'bulus,  a “tubule,”  and  bran’ chisel] 
Having  a tubular  shell  for  the  branchiae : 
tubulibran'chiate. 

Tu-bu-lif  er-ous.  [Tubulff'erus ; 

from  tu'bulus,  a “little  tube,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  little  tubes. 

Tu-bu-li-flo'rus.*  [From  tu'bulus, 
a “little  tube,”  and  flos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  tubular  flowers:  t.ubuliflo'rous. 

Tn  bu-li- form.  [Tubulifor'mis.] 
Formed  like  a small  tube. 

Tu-bu-lose'.  [Tubulo'sus.]  The 
same  as  Tubular,  which  see. 

Tu'bu-lus,*  plural  Tu 'bu-li.  [Di- 
minutive of  tu'bus,  a “ tube.”]  A little 
tube:  a tu'bule. 

Tu'bus.*-  A tube,  or  hollow  cylinder. 
The  inferior  part  of  a calyx  or  a corolla. 
See  Tube. 

Tu'ffa.*  A volcanic  rock,  composed  of 
an  agglutination  of  fragmented  scoriae. 

Tu-lip-if ' ei*-ous.  [Tulipif 'erus ; 

from  tu’lipa,  a “tulip,”  and  fe’ro,  to 
“bear.”]  Bearing  flowers  like  the  tulip. 

Tu'lip-Tree.  A common  name  for 
the  Lirioden’ (Iron  tulqnf  era.  See  Lirio- 
DENDRON. 

Tul'pi-i  A&l'va.*  (“Valve  of  Tul- 
pius.”)  A name  applied  to  the  ileo-caecal 
valve.  See  Bauhin,  Valve  of. 

Tu-me-fac'tion.  [Tuanefac'tio, 
o'nis;  from  tumefa'cio , turncfac' turn,  to 
“make  to  swell.”]  A swelling  or  en- 
largement, from  whatever  cause. 

Tw-mes'^ence.  [Tuineseen'tia  s 
from  tnmes’co,  to  “ swell.”]  The  same  as 
Tumefaction. 

Tu'mid.  [Tu'midus;  from  tu’meo , 
to  “swell.”]  Swollen,  or  somewhat  in- 
flated. 


Tu'moay*  plural  Tu-mo'res.  [From 
tu'meo,  to  “ swell.”]  A morbid  enlarge- 
ment, from  whatever  cause;  commonly 
applied  to  a permanent  swelling  or  en- 
largement. Tumors  may  be  distinguished 
into  the  sarcomatous,  so  named  from  theil 
firm  fleshy  feel,  and  the  encysted,  com- 
monly called  wens. 

Tu  mor  O-va'ri-i.*  (“  Tumor  of  the 

Ovary.”)  See  Oarioncus. 

Tu-mo'res,*  the  plural  of  Tumor, 
which  see. 

Tung'state.  [Tung'stas,  a'ft's.]  A 
combination  of  tungstic  acid  with  a 
base. 

Tung'sten.  [Tung'ste'nium ; from 
the  Swedish  tuny,  “heavy,”  and  sten, 
“stone.”]  A white,  hard,  brittle  metal, 
very  difficult  of  fusion,  and  having  the 
high  specific  gravity  of  17.4. 

Tung 'stic.  [Tungstious;  from 
tunyste' nium,  “tungsten.”]  Belonging  to 
tungsten.  Applied  to  an  oxide  which  is 
the  first,  and  to  an  acid  that  is  the  second, 
degree  of  oxidation  of  tungsten. 

Tu'ni-ca.*  [Perhaps  from  tu’eor,  to 
“defend,”  or  “protect.”]  A Latin  word 
signifying  a “coat,”  a “tunic.”  Applied 
to  a covering,  membrane,  etc. 

Tu'niea  Ad-na'ta.*  (“Adnate 
Coat  or  Membrane.”)  A term  for  that 
part  of  the  conjunctiva  which  is  in  con- 
tact with  the  eyeball. 

Tu  nica  Al-bu-gin'e-a  Oc'u-li.* 
(“White  Tunic  of  the  Eye.”)  Applied  to 
the  tendinous  expansions  of  the  muscles 
that  move  the  eye,  closely  connected  with 
the  sclerotic  coat. 

Tu'niea  Albugin'ea  Tes'tis.* 

(“White  Coat  of  the  Testicle.”)  A 
strong,  white,  dense  membrane  forming 
the  immediate  covering  of  the  testicle. 
See  Albugineous. 

Tu'niea  A-rach-no-i'des.*  (“A- 
rachnoid  Tunic  or  Membrane.”)  The 
fine,  thin  membrane  of  the  brain,  situated 
between  the  dura  mater  and/)?«  mater. 

Tunica  Clioroides.  See  Choroid 
Membrane. 

Tu'niea  Com-mii'nis.*  (“Common 
Tunic:”  so  called  because  common  to 
the  cord  and  testicle.)  A tunic  surround- 
ing the  spermatic  cord  and  testicle,  com- 
posed of  the  expanded  fibre  of  the  cre- 
master muscle  and  the  connecting  cellu- 
lar tissue. 

Tunica  Conjunctiva.  See  Con- 
junctives. 

Tu'niea  I>e-cid'u-a  Re- flex 'a.* 

(“Deciduous  Reflexed  Membrane.”)  See 
Decidua  Reflexa. 


49* 


677 


TUN 


TUS 


Tu'nica  Decid  ua  U'te-ri.*  (“  De- 
ciduous Membrane  of  the  Uterus.”)  See 
Decidua  Vera. 

Tunica  Jacobi.  See  Membrana 
Jacobi. 

Tu'nica  Ret'i-na.*  (“Net-form 
Membrane.”)  Another  name  for  the  Re- 
tina, which  see. 

Tu'nica  Vag-i-na'lis  Tes'tis.* 

(“Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle.”)  A 
pouch  of  serous  membrane  derived  from 
the  peritonaeum  and  covering  the  testis. 

Tu-nl-ca'ta.*  [From  tu'nica , a “tu- 
nic.”] The  first  class  of  the  Cyclo-yan- 
gliata,  or  Mollusks,  comprising  soft, 
aquatic  acephalous  animals,  having  their 
body  enveloped  in  an  elastic  tunic  fur- 
nished with  at  least  two  apertures. 

Tu'ni-cat-ed,  or  Tu'ni-cate.  [Tu- 
nica'tus;  from  the  same.]  Covered; 
coated;  having  an  accessory  covering. 

Tu'nicated  Bulb.  A bulb  with 
broad  scales  in  concentric  layers,  as  the 
onion. 

TurbetBi  (or  TurMtSa)  Mineral. 

See  Turpeth  Mineral. 

Tur'betSi  Plant.  The  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 

Tur'bi-nal.  [TurMma'lis ; from 
turbina’ turn  os.]  ~ Proposed  by  Owen  for 
the  homologues  of  the  inferior  turbinated 
or  spongy  bone. 

Tur'bi-nate,  or  Tur'M-nat-ed. 
[Turbin  a ' tus ; from  tur'bo , tar' hints,  a 
“top.”]  Formed  like  a top;  wreathed 
conically  from  a base  to  a sort  of  apex. 

Tur'binaied  Bones.  [<Os'sa  Tins’- 
bina'ta.]  “Top-shaped  bones.”  Two 
bones  of  the  nostrils:  so  called  from 
their  being  formed  like  a top.  They  are 
also  called  inferior  spongy  bones,  and 
ossa  convoluta,  or  “convoluted  bones.” 

Tur'ba-ni-flo'rus.*  [From  tur'bo , 
tur'binis,  a “top,”  and  jlos,  a “flower.”] 
Having  turbinated  flowers:  turbiniflo'- 
rous. 

Tur'bi-mi-forim.  [Turbimafor'- 

inis?  from  tur'bo,  tur'binis,  a “top.”] 
The  same  as  Turbinated. 

Turf.  [Ces'pes.]  A grassy  sod;  the 
surface  of  grass-lands  of  a smooth  and 
uniform  texture,  covered  with  pasture- 
grass.  The  term  is  also  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  peat  cut  out  of  a bog. 

Tur-g^s'?ence.  [From  turges'eo,  to 
“begin  to  swell.”]  A superabundance 
of  humors  in  a part;  turgidity. 

Turbidity.  See  Turgescence. 

Tur'gor  Vi-ta'las.*  A synonym  of 
Turgescence,  which  see. 

Tu 'r l-on.  [Tu'rio,  o'nis;  from  Uj’ro, 
578 


a “young  beginner.”]  The  early  state 
of  a sucker  or  subterranean  shoot,  as  an 
asparagus-shoot. 

Tu-ri-o-nif 'er-ous.  [ Turionif  'e- 

rus;  from  tu'rio,  a “ turion,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Producing  turions. 

Tur'ltey  REiu'barb.  The  Rheum 
pahnatum.  See  Rheum. 

Tur'me-ric.  The  root  of  Curcuma 
longa.  See  Curcuma. 

Vur'nneric  Fa'per.  White,  bibulous, 
and  unsized  paper,  brushed  over  with 
tincture  of  turmeric,  prepared  by  digest- 
ing one  part  of  bruised  turmeric  in  six 
parts  of  proof-spirit.  It  is  often  used  in 
the  chemical  laboratory  as  a test  of  the 
presence  of  free  alkalies  and  their  car- 
bonates, by  which  its  yellow  color  is 
changed  to  brown. 

Turn  of  Ufe.  The  same  as  Change 
op  Life,  which  see. 

Tmr'ner’s  Ce'rate.  The  Ceratum 
Calaminse,  or  “cerate  of  calamine”  (Lond. 
and  Ed.  Ph.),  the  Unguentum  Calaminse 
of  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

Turpentine.  See  Terebinthina. 

Turpentine,  CMan.  See  Tere- 
binthina Chia. 

Turpentine,  Common.  See  Tere- 
binthina Vulgaris. 

Turpentine,  Cyprian.  See  Tere- 
binthina Chia. 

Turpentine,  ©il  of.  See  Oil  op 
Turpentine. 

Tur 'pen -tine,  Spir'its  of.  The 

same  as  Oil  op  Turpentine. 

Turpentine,  Venice.  See  Tere- 
binthina Veneta. 

Tur'petBi  (or  Tnr'betto)  Min'e-ral. 
[Tur'petflaum  Minera'le.]  A common 
name  for  Hydrargyri  Sulphas  Flava, 
which  see. 

Tur'pe-tlmm  Xi'p’im*  A name 
for  the  black  oxide  of  mercury  (Hydrar'- 
gyri  ox'ydum  cine'reum  or  ni'grum). 

Tur-quoise'.  A blue  precious  stono 
found  in  great  quantities  in  the  Nisha- 
poor  mines  in  Persia,  consisting  chiefly 
of  hydrated  alumina. 

Tia-rim'da,  ::  plural  Tu-run'dae.  A 
tent  or  suppository. 

Tushy-Stone.  See  Tutty. 

Tus-sl-la'go  Far'fa-ra.*  Colt’s-foot. 
A plant  of  the  Linnoean  class  Syngenesia, 
natural  order  Composite.  It  is  demul- 
cent and  expectorant. 

Tus'sis.*  A cough. 

Tus'sis  Con-vul-si'va^  (“Convulsive 
Cough”),  Tus'sis  Fe-ri'na:  (“  Fierce  or 
Savage  Cough”).  Names  for  pertussis, 
or  hooping-cough. 


TUS 


TYP 


Tus'slve.  [From  tus'sis,  a “ cough.”] 
Relating  to,  or  caused  by,  cough. 

Tut'ty.  [Tu'tia.]  (Persian.)  A gray 
oxide  of  zinc,  vulgarly  called  tushy- 
stone. 

Twim-Forlted.  See  Bigeminate. 

Twi'inaiBg’.  [Volu'bilis.]  Wind- 
ing spirally  round  a support,  as  a twi- 
ning plant. 

Twin^lt/liang’.  The  tremulous  motion 
of  the  light  of  the  fixed  stars,  attributed 
to  the  unequal  refraction  caused  by  in- 
equalities and  undulations  in  the  atmo- 
sphere. See  Scintillation. 

Twins.  [Gem'ini.]  Two  children 
born  of  one  woman  at  the  same  accouche- 
ment. 

Two-Raioked.  See  Distichous. 

Ty-eli'I-ca.*  [From  rvxi,  an  “acci- 
dent/’] Accidental  wounds  or  deformi- 
ties. 

Ty-lopli'o-ra  Astli-mat'i-ca.*  An 

East  Indian  plant  of  the  natural  order 
Asclejriadacese.  The  root  is  emetic  and 
cathartic. 

Ty-l©'sis.*  [From  rv\o;,  a “cal- 
losity.”] A swollen  and  knotty  state  of 
the  eyelids,  in  which  their  margin  often 
loses  altogether  its  natural  form  and  ap- 
pearance. 

Ty-l®s-4e-re'sis.*  [From  tv\o;,  a 
“callus,”  and  cTeprjaig,  “privation.”]  Ex- 
tirpation or  removal  of  a callus. 

Tym']»a*nal.  [Tympaaia'lis.]  Be- 
longing to  the  tympanum. 

Tym'pa-aaic,  or  tim-pan'ik.  [Tyin- 
pan'icus;  from  tym'panum,  the  “drum 
of  the  ear.”]  Relating  to  the  tympanum. 

Tym-pa-mi'tes.*  [From  tym'panum , 
a “drum.”]  Tympany ; wind-dropsy.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Intumescentise,  class 
Cachexise , of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Tym'pa-imm.^  [From  Tvjmavov,  a 
“drum.”J  The  drum,  or  hollow  part  of 
the  middle  ear , containing  the  ossicula. 

Type.  [From  ty'jms,  a “form,”  or 
“type.”  See  Typus.]  In  Botany,  a 
pattern  or  ideal  plan.  The  leaf  is  as- 
sumed as  the  type  or  pattern  to  which 
all  the  other  organs  (arising  from  the 
ascending  axis)  may  be  referred;  that 
is,  all  those  organs  are  considered  as 
modifications  or  transformations  of  a 
leaf.  Also,  a letter,  or  a piece  of  metal 
moulded  into  the  form  of  a letter  or 
character. 

Type-Met'al.  An  alloy  of  lead  and 
antimony,  with  a small  proportion  of  tin, 
used  in  casting  printers*  types.  One  part 
of  antimony  to  three  of  lead  are  the 
usual  proportions. 


Typliacese,*  ti-fashe-e.  A natural 
order  of  endogenous  herbaceous  plants, 
growing  in  marshes  or  ditches  in  the 
northern  parts  of  the  world.  It  includes 
the  Ty'pha  (Cat-tail). 

Ty'phae,*  the  plural  of  Ty'pha,  form- 
ing the  Jussieuan  name  of  an  order  of 
plants.  See  Typhaceje. 

Ty-plio'des.*  [From  ty'phus.’]  Hav- 
ing, or  pertaining  to,  typhus:  ty'phous. 

Ty'phoaal.  [Typhoi'des;  from  iy' - 
phus,  and  eidug,  a “form.”]  Resembling 
typhus. 

Ty'plaoid  Fe  ver.  [Fe'bris  Ty- 
plioi'des.]  Applied  to  a fever  distin- 
guished from  typhus  by  a lesion  of  the 
intestines,  but  closely  resembling  it  in 
other  respects.  By  many  it  is  thought  to 
be  typhus  merely  complicated  with  the 
intestinal  lesion. 

Ty  'pli<i>-3Ia-Ea'rI-al.  A term  ap- 
plied to  a group  of  fevers  in  which  the 
typhoid  and  malarial  elements  are  vari- 
ously blended. 

Ty-plio-ma'mi-a.*  [From  rv(}og , 
“ stupor,”  and  pavia,  “madness.”]  A low, 
lethargic  state,  complicated  with  mutter- 
ing delirium,  characterizing  typhus  fever. 

Ty-phoon'.  [From  the  Chinese  in, 
“great,”  and  foony,  “wind.”]  A name 
given  to  a violent  tornado  or  hurricane 
in  the  Chinese  seas. 

Ty-pliosus.*  The  same  as  Typho- 
des,  which  see. 

Ty 'plans.*  [From  rv^og,  a “heavy 
stupor.”]  A kind  of  continued  fever, 
attended  with  great  prostration  of  the 
nervous  and  vascular  systems,  with  a 
tendency^  to  putrefaction  in  the  fluids, 
and  vitiation  of  the  secretions;  putrid 
fever.  A genus  of  the  order  Fehres,  class 
Pyrexise,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Ty ' pie n s tar'ce-riim/  ( “ Ty p h u s 
of  Prisons.”)  The  jail-fever,  a name 
for  Typhus  grarior ; also  called  Fehris 
carcerum  (“lever  of  prisons”). 

Ty 'plans  Fas-tren'sis.*  (“Camp 
Typhus.”)  A name  for  Tyjrhus  gravior; 
otherwise  called  Fehris  eastr  crisis,  or 
“camp  fever.”  These  names,  however, 
must  be  understood  to  refer  to  European 
armies.  Typhus,  in  its  unmixed  charac- 
ter, has  seldom,  if  ever,  made  its  ap- 
pearance in  the  armies  of  the  United 
States. 

Ty 'pirns  Gra'vS-OBV*  (“Severer 
Typhus.”)  The  malignant  form  of  ty- 
phus; also  called,  according  to  circum- 
stances, Fehris  carcerum,  and  Fehris  cas- 
trensis.  See  the  two  preceding  articles. 

Ty'plms  Mit'ior*  (mish'e-or). 

579 


TYP 


ULN 


(“  Milder  Typhus.”)  The  milder  form 
of  typhus,  or  low  fever;  slow  fever; 
also  called  Febns  lento.  (“ slow  fever”), 
Febris  nervosa  (“ nervous  fever”). 

Ty 'pirns  Xer-\o's«s.:;:  (“Nervous 
Typhus.”)  A name  for  Tyjyhus  mitior ; 
Febris  nervosa. 

Ty'plms  Pe-te-clii-a'lis*  (“Pete- 
chial Typhus”),  or  typhus  with  purple 
spots,  a name  for  Typhus  gravior;  called 
also  Febris  petechialis  (“petechial 
fever'’). 

Typ'i-cal,  or  Typ  'ac.  [From  ty'pus, 
a “type.”]  Representing  the  type,  or 
plan;  figurative;  representative. 

Ty-peg-'  rijt-pSiy . [Typogra'plsaa ; 

from  tvtto;,  a “type,”  and  ypa0o>,  to 
“ write.”]  The  art  of  printing. 

Typ'o-llte.  [Typol'itlius ; from 
ty'pus,  a “type,”  and  XiOog,  a “stone.”] 


A stone  with  impressions  of  organic, 
vegetable,  or  animal  bodies : a typolith. 

Ty'pus.*  [From  rwrrw,  to  “strike,” 
or  “stamp.”]  Literally,  a “mould,”  or 
“pattern.”  Applied  to  the  form,  order, 
and  progress  of  fevers,  etc. : a type. 

Tyr-e-i'na.*  [From  rnpog,  “cheese.”] 
The  same  as  Casein,  which  see. 

Ty-rem'e-sis  [from  rvpog,  “cheese,” 
and  i'psffts,  a “vomiting”]  Infan'tiuni* 
(in-fan'she-um).  The  caseous  vomiting 
of  infants. 

Tyr  o-sine.  [Tyrosi'na ; from  rvpog, 
“cheese.”]  The  essential  ingredient  of 
cheese.  See  Casein. 

Ty-so'ni  Glan'du-lie.5  (“Tyson’s 
Glandules.”)  The  Glandulse  odoriferse, 
small  sebaceous  glands  around  the  co- 
rona glandis  of  tbe  penis,  and  on  the 
labia  pudendi  and  nymph  se. 


U. 


l-Iiein-or-rliagi-a.  [From  ovKov , 
the  “gum,”  and  hieniorrha'gia .]  Bleed- 
ing from  the  gums. 

U-la-tro'plii-a.^  [From  ov\ov,  the 
“gum,”  and  atro'phia,  “atrophy.”] 
Wasting  or  shrinking  away  of  the  gums. 

Ul'^er.  [Ul'cus,  erisi]  A solution 
of  continuity  in  any  soft  parts  by  ul- 
ceration on  some  internal  or  external 
surface. 

ITl'ce-rat-eil.  [Ulcera'tus ; from 
ul'cus,  an  “ulcer.”]  Affected  with  ulcers; 
having  ulcers. 

Ul-ce-ra'tiou.  [Xllcera'tlo,  o ’nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  formation  of  an 
ulcer;  or  that  process  by  which  ulcers  are 
formed,  consisting  in  the  old  particles  of 
the  textures  affected  being  taken  up  by 
the  absorbents  more  rapidly  than  new 
particles  are  supplied  by  the  secerning 
arteries. 

Ul'ce-ra-tive.  [Ulcerati'vus;  from 
the  same.]  Pertaining  to  or  causing 
ulceration. 

Ul'cer-ous.  [lUcero'sns ; from 
ul'cus,  ul' certs,  an  “ulcer.”]  Having 
ulcers;  of  the  nature  of  an  ulcer. 

Ul'cus,*  gen.  XJI'^e-ris.  A Latin 
term  signifying  an  “ulcer.” 

U-ll&'i-nous,  or  U-Ii&'i-nose. 
[Uligino'sus;  from  uli'go,  nlig'inis , 
“ moisture  of  the  earth.”]  Oozy  or  slimy ; 
also,  growing  or  living  in  moist  and 
marshy  meadows. 

U-li'tis,  id  is.*  [From  ov\o>,  the 
“gum.”]  Inflammation  of  the  gums. 

5S0  ‘ 


Ulmacese,*  ul-ma'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North 
America.  It  includes  the  Ul'mus  (Elm) 
and  other  timber- trees. 

Ul'mic.  [Ul'nuicus;  from  ul'mus, 
the  “elm.”]  Belonging  to  the  elm. 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

Ul'min.  [From  the  same.]  A pecu- 
liar vegetable  principle  which  exudes 
spontaneously  from  the  trunk  of  a spe- 
cies of  elm,  supposed  to  be  the  Ulmus 
nigra. 

Ul'mus.*'  (Fr.  Orme,  oRm.)  A Lin- 
nsean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , natu- 
ral order  Ulmacese.  Also,  the  Pharina- 
copoeial  name  (Br.  Ph.)  for  the  inner  bark 
of  Ulmus  campestris ; but  according  to 
the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  the 
inner  bark  of  Ulmus  fulca. 

Ul'mus  Uam-pes'tris.*  (“Elm  of 
the  Open  Fields.”)  A species  of  Euro- 
pean elm,  the  bark  of  which  is  used  as  a 
demulcent,  and  sometimes  as  a tonic, 
astringent,  and  diuretic. 

Ul'na.*  [From  the  “elbow,” 

also,  the  “arm.”]  The  larger  bone  of 
the  forearm;  also  termed  cubitus. 

Ill'imr.  [Ulna'ris;  from  ul'na.'] 
Belonging  to  the  ulna  or  cubit;  used  by 
Dr.  Barclay  as  meaning  towards  the  ulna. 

Ul-ua'ris.*  Tbe  name  of  two  mus- 
cles of  the  forearm: — 1.  A flexor  muscle, 
arising  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri  and  inserted  into  the  pisiform 
bone.  2.  An  extensor  muscle,  arising 


ULO 


UND 


from  the  outer  condyle  of  the  os  humeri 
and  inserted  into  the  little  finger. 

U-lo-car-^I-no'ma,  a tis.*  [From 
ov\o!/,  the  “gum,”  and  carcino'ma,  “can- 
cer.”] Cancer  of  the  gums  or  alveoli. 

U-loii'cus.*  [From  ovXor,  the  “gum,” 
and  oy/coj,  a “ tumor.”]  A tumor  or 
swelling  of  the  gum. 

U-lor-rha'g,I-a.*  [From  ov\ov , the 
“gum,”  and  phyi/vyi,  to  “burst  forth.”] 
A sudden  discharge  of  blood  from  the 
gums. 

U -lor-rhoe'a.*  [From  ov\ov , the 
“gum,”  and  ptw,  to  “flow.”]  An  oozing 
(of  blood)  from  the  gums. 

Ul'ti-mate.  [From  uVtimus , “last,” 
or  “utmost;”  the  superlative  degree  of 
ul'tra,  “ beyond.”]  The  last,  or  farthest ; 
extreme.  See  next  article. 

Ul'ti-mate  A-nal'y-sis.  A term 
applied  in  Chemistry  to  the  resolution 
of  substances  into  their  absolute  or  sim- 
ple elements,  and  opposed  to  proximate 
analysis,  by  which  they  are  merely  re- 
solved into  secondary  compounds. 

Ul'tiniate  Ul'e-ments,  or  Ul'ti- 
mate  Prill' ci-ples.  Those  which 
compose  proximate  principles;  in  other 
words,  the  last  to  which  we  can  trace  the 
constitution  of  substances.  See  Ulti- 
mate Analysis,  and  Proximate  Princi- 
ples. 

Ul-tra-marine  (-ma-reen').  [From 
ul'tra,  “beyond,”  and  ma’re,  the  “sea;” 
implying  that  its  color  surpasses  the 
deep  blue  of  the  sea.]  A blue  powTder  or 
pigment  obtained  from  the  lapis  lazuli, 
and  highly  prized  for  the  beauty  and 
permanence  of  its  color. 

-ulus,  -ula,  and  -uliim.  Latin 
terminals  denoting  diminutives.  Com- 
pare Tubulus,  Spicula,  and  Animal- 
CULTJM. 

Umb.=  Umhili'cus.%  The  “navel.” 

Unn'bel,  or  Um-bel'la.*  [Diminu- 
tive of  M»i'6ra,a“  shade.”]  An  umbrella- 
shaped  inflorescence  in  which  several 
flower-stalks  arise  from  the  same  appa- 
rent point,  so  as  to  resemble  the  rays  of 
an  umbrella,  as  in  the  Milkweed,  Parsley, 
etc. 

Um'bel-late.  [From  umbel' la.  an 
“umbel.”]  Bearing  or  having  umbels. 

Um'bel-let.  [From  the  same.]  A 
secondary  or  partial  umbel. 

Um-bel-lif 'e-rse.*  [See  next  article.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  found  mostly  in  temperate  or  cold 
glimates,  and  named  from  the  mode  of 
inflorescence.  Some  are  esculent,  as  pars- 
nip and  celery;  many  produce  aromatic 


seeds,  as  coriander  and  caraway.  The 
hemlock  ( Cicuta ) and  others  are  poison 
ous.  Among  the  products  of  this  ordei 
is  Assafoetida. 

Um-bel-lif'er-ous.  [Umbellif'- 

erus;  from  umbel' la,  an  “umbel,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  i mbels.  See 
UmBELLIFERjE. 

Um-bel'lu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  um- 
bel'la,  an  “umbel.”]  A little  or  partial 
umbel;  an  umbellule. 

Um'ber.  [Probably  from  Om'bria , 
where  it  was  obtained.]  A brown  clay 
iron-ore,  used  as  a pigment. 

Um-bil'I-cal.  [Umbilica'lis.]  Per- 
taining to  the  umbilicus. 

Umbilical  (orcl.  [Fu'itis  Um- 
bilica'lis.] The  navel-string. 

Umbil  ical  Region.  [Mcsogns'- 
trium.]  TLiat  poition  of  the  abdomen 
two  or  three  inches  above,  below,  and 
m each  side  of  the  umbilicus. 

Umbilical  Vesicle.  See  Blasto- 
depmic  Vesicle. 

1 m-bil'i-cate.  [Umbilica'tvos; 

from  umbili'eus,  the  “navel.”]  Dim- 
pled; depressed  in  the  centre  like  the 
navel.  Applied  to  parts  of  plants. 

Um-bi-li'cws.*  See  Preface,  pa^e 
ix.)  [From  fy</aA</cof,  “pertaining  to 
the  navel”?]  (Fr.  Nombril;  nbii'bE&'.) 
The  navel.  In  Botany,  the  hilum  of  a 
seed. 

Um'bo-nate.  [From  um'bo,  the  “boss 
of  a shield.”]  Bearing  an  umbo,  boss,  or 
central  projection. 

Tm-brac  n-ll-form.  [From  urn' 
brac'ulum , a “parasol.”]  Umbrella- 
shaped. Applied  to  plants. 

U-na-bran'-chi-iis.*  [From  u'nus, 
“one  only,”  and  bi anchiseJ]  Having 
branchise  only  on  one  side  of  the  body. 

Un'ci*a.:;:  An  ounce;  a weight  con- 
taining eight  drachms.  In  Troy  weight, 
as  well  as  in  apothecaries’  weight,  the 
twelfth  part  of  a pound. 

Un'ci-fbrm,  or  Un'ci-nate.  [Um- 
cina'tns;  from  un'eus,  a “hook.”] 
Hooked;  shaped  like  a hook. 

Uncinate.  See  Unciform. 

Un'date.  The  same  as  Undulate, 
which  see. 

Undersfirnb.  See  Suffrutfx. 

Un'dii-late,  or  Un'du-lat-ed. 

[Ufiidmla'tus;  from  vn'dula,  a “little 
wave.”]  Waved  or  wavy ; having  a mar- 
gin alternately  concave  and  convex. 

Un'dw-la-to-ry  TSie'o-ry.  In  Op- 
tics, the  theory  which  maintains  that  the 
impression  of  light  is  conveyed  to  the 
eye  by  the  vibrations  or  undulations  of 
581 


UNE 


UNG 


a very  subtle  and  elastic  fluid,  or  ether, 
which  pervades  all  space  and  penetrates 
all  substances,  and  to  which  the  lumi- 
nous body  gives  an  impulse,  which  is 
propagated  with  inconceivable  rapidity, 
as  sound  is  conveyed  through  the  air. 

Uii-e'qtial-ly-Piii'Bnate.  The  same 
as  Impari-Pinnate,  which  see. 

Ung*.  — Unguent  turn .‘*  “Ointment.” 

HJn'g-uemt.  [Unguen'tiim ; from 
un'guo , to  “anoint.”]  (Fr.  Onguent, 
6N<»'goNG'.)  An  ointment  or  preparation 
usually  of  the  consistence  of  butter;  a 
salve. 

Un-g,iien'tiim  Tan'ni-ci.* 

(“Ointment  of  Tannic  Acid.”)  Take  of 
tannic  acid,  thirty  grains,  water,  half  a 
fluidrachm,  lard,  a troyounce.  Rub  the 
acid  first  with  the  water,  and  then  with 
the  lard,  until  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed,  avoiding  the  use  of  an  iron 
spatula. 

Ungnen'tani  Ad '1 -pis*  (“Ointment 
of  Lard”),  Unguen'tum  Sim'plex,* 
1850  (“Simple  Ointment”).  Take  of 
lard,  eight  troyounces,  white  wax,  two 
troyounces.  Melt  them  together  with  a 
moderate  heat,  and  stir  the  mixture  con- 
stantly while  cooling. 

U ng’uen'tum  An-ti-mo'ni-i.* 
(“  Ointment  of  Antimony.”)  Take  of 
tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  in 
very  fine  powder,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  grains,  lard,  a troyounce.  Rub 
the  powder  with  a little  of  the  lard,  then 
add  the  remainder  and  thoroughly  mix 
them. 

U ngiteai ' turn  Bel-la-dom'iise.* 

(“Ointment  of  Belladonna.”)  Take  of 
extract  of  belladonna,  sixty  grains, 
water,  half  a fluidrachm,  lard,  a troy- 
ounce. Rub  the  extract  first  with  the 
water  until  rendered  uniformly  soft, 
then  with  the  lard,  and  thoroughly  mix 
them. 

tlng-cien 'turn  Cre-a-so'ti.*  (“Oint- 
ment of  Creasote.”)  Take  of  creasote, 
half  a fluidrachm,  lard,  a troyounce.  Mix 
them. 

Unguen'tum  Gal'lse.*  (“  Oint- 
ment of  Nutgall.”)  Take  of  nutgall, 
in  fine  powder,  a troyounce,  lard,  seven 
ounces.  Mix  them. 

Un^nen'tum  . Hy-drar'gy-ri,* 
(“Ointment  of  Mercury.”)  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  for  an  ointment  pre- 
pared by  rubbing  mercury  with  a mixture 
of  equal  parts  of  suet  and  lard  until  the 
globules  can  no  longer  be  seen. 

Ingiien  tum  Hydrar'g’.yri  Ox'l- 
di  Bu'bri.*  (“  Ointment  of  Red  Oxide 
582 


of  Mercury.”)  Take  of  red  oxide  of 
mercury,  in  very  fine  powder,  sixty 
grains,  ointment  of  lard,  a troyounce. 
Add  the  oxide  of  mercury  to  the  oint- 
ment previously  softened  with  a gentle 
heat,  and  thoroughly  mix  them. 

Uns'iiem'tum  I-o-din'i-i.*  (“Oint- 
ment of  Iodine.”)  Take  of  iodine, 
twenty  grains,  iodide  of  potassium,  four 
grains,  water,  six  minims,  lard,  a troy- 
ounce. Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  of 
potassium  first  with  the  water,  and  then 
with  the  lard,  until  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed. 

Ung’ueii'tiim  lodin'ii  €om-pos  1- 

turn.*  (“Compound  Ointment  of 
Iodine.”)  Take  of  iodine,  fifteen  grains, 
iodide  of  potassium,  thirty  grains,  water, 
thirty  minims,  lard,  a troyounce.  Rub 
the  iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  first 
with  the  water,  and  then  with  the  lard, 
until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed. 

Ilngnen  tsim  Pi'cis  Liq  ui-dse* 
(“Ointment  of  Tar”),  or  Tar  Ointment. 
Take  of  tar  and  suet,  each  twelve  troy- 
ounces. Mix  the  tar  with  the  suet  pre- 
viously melted  with  a moderate  heat, 
and,  having  strained  the  mixture  through 
muslin,  stir  it  constantly  while  cool- 
ing. 

Uaig’iieii'tuBti  Plum'bi  Car-bo- 

na'tas.*  (“Ointment  of  Carbonate 
of  Lead.”)  Take  of  carbonate  of  lead, 
in  very  fine  powder,  eighty  grains,  oint- 
ment of  lard,  a troyounce.  Add  the 
carbonate  of  lead  to  the  ointment  pre- 
viously softened  with  a gentle  heat,  and 
thoroughly  mix  them. 

IJaiguen'tama  Potas'sii  (po-tash'e-i) 
I-od'i-di.*  (“Ointment  of  Iodide  of 
Potassium.”)  Take  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium, in  fine  powder,  sixty  grains,  water, 
a fluidrachm,  lard,  a troyounce.  Dis- 
solve the  iodide  of  potassium  in  the 
water,  and  mix  the  solution  with  the 
lard. 

Ungnen'tum  Sal'phji*  r is.* 

(“Ointment  of  Sulphur.”)  Take  of  sub- 
limed sulphur,  a troyounce,  lard,  two 
troyounces.  Mix  them. 

ITnguen'tum  Sul  phuric  I-od'i- 
di.*  (“  Ointment  of  Iodide  of  Sulphur.”) 
Take  of  iodide  of  sulphur,  thirty  grains, 
lard,  a troyounce.  Rub  the  iodide  of 
sulphur,  first  reduced  to  a fine  powder, 
with  a little  of  the  lard,  then  add  the 
remainder,  and  thoroughly  mix  them. 

ITnguen'tiim  Ve-ra'trl-se.*  (“  Oint- 
ment of  Veratria.”)  Take  of  veratria, 
twenty  grains,  lard,  a troyounce.  Rub 
the  veratria  with  a little  of  the  lari, 


UNG 


URA 


then  add  the  remainder,  and  thoroughly 
mix  them. 

Ungueit'tum  Zin'$i  Ox'I-di.* 

(“  Ointment  of  Oxide  of  Zinc.”)  Take 
of  oxide  of  zinc,  eighty  grains,  lard,  a 
troyounce.  Mix  them. 

Un-guic-u-la'ta.*  [From  Unguic'- 
ulus,  which  see.]  A primary  division 
of  the  class  Mammalia,  including  those 
animals  which  have  the  digits  armed 
with  claws,  but  free  for  the  exercise  of 
touch  upon  their  under-surface,  as  the 
cat,  bear,  and  elephant. 

Un-guic'u-late.  [Ungiiicula'tus; 
from  the  same.]  Having  or  resembling 
claws;  clawed.  Applied  to  petals. 

Un-guicu-lus.*  [Diminutive  of 
un’yuis , a “ nail,”  or  “ claw.”]  A little 
or  young  nail  or  claw. 

Un'gui-nal.  [Uiigtiina'lis ; from 
tin'guis,  a “ nail,”  or  “claw.”]  Belong- 
ing to  the  nails,  or  to  claws  or  talons. 

Un'guis.*  [Gr.  ; Fr.  Ongle , 6xgl.] 
The  nail  of  a finger  or  toe;  also  applied 
to  the  talons  or  claws  of  birds,  to  the 
claws  of  certain  Crustacesc , etc.  In  Bot- 
any, the  narrow  part  of  the  petal  of 
a polypetalous  corolla.  In  Surgery,  a col- 
lection of  pus  in  the  eye. 

Un'g-uis  ©s.*  (“Nail-Bone.”)  The 
name  of  a small,  very  thin,  and  semi- 
transparent bone  at  the  inner  side  of  the 
orbit  of  the  eye. 

Un-gu-la'ta,*  or  Un'gu-lates. 

[From  un'gulq , a “hoof.”]  A primary 
division  of  the  class  Mammalia,  includ- 
ing those  species  which  have  the  digits 
enclosed  in  hoofs,  the  under-surface  not 
being  left  free  for  the  exercise  of  touch, 
as  the  horse  and  ox. 

Un'gii-late.  [Fn^nla'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Having  hoofs. 

Ungulates.  See  Ungulata. 

U-m-cel'lu-Iar.  [From  u'nus, u one,” 
and  cel' la,  or  ceUlula , a “cell.”]  One- 
celled. 

U-ni-flo-rig'er-us.*  [From  u'nus, 
“one,”  Jlos,  a “flower,”  and  ge’ro , to 
“carry.”]  The  same  as  Uniflorous, 
which  see. 

U-ni-flo'rous.  [Uniflo'rus;  from 
u'nus.  “ one,”  and  Jlos , a “ flower.”] 
Bearing  one  flower;  one-flowered. 

U-nl-fo'li-ate,  or  U-aai-fo'li-ous. 
[Unifo'lius ; from  u'nus,  “one,”  and 
f o' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Having  one  leaf; 
jme-leaved. 

U-ni-la/bi-ate.  [From  u'nus,  “one,” 
and  la’bium,  a “lip.”]  One-lipped.  Ap- 
plied to  flowers. 

U-nl-lat'e-ral.  [From  u'nus , “one,” 


and  la'tus , lat'eris , a “side.”]  One- 
sided. 

U-m-loc'ti-lar.  [Unilocula'ris ; 

from  u'nus,  “one,”  and  loc'ulus,  a 
“cell.”]  Having  only  one  cell;  one- 
celled. 

U-m-ncr'vate.  [From  m'wm*,  “one,” 
and  ner'vus,  a “nerve.”]  One-nerved. 
Applied  to  leaves. 

Union  by  First  Intention.  See 

First  Intention. 

Union  by  Second  Intention.  See 

Second  Intention. 

U-nip'a-rous.  [Unip'arus ; from 
u'nus , “one,”  and  pa’rio,  to  “bring 
forth.”]  Producing  only  one  at  a birth. 

U-ni-peta-lous.  [From  u'nus, 
“one,”  and  pet' alum,  a “petal.”]  Hav- 
ing only  one  petal. 

U-ni-se'ri-al.  [From  u'nus,  “one,” 
and  se'ries,  a “ row.”]  In  one  horizon- 
tal row  or  whorl.  Applied  to  parts  of 
plants. 

U-ni-se'rl-ate.  The  same  as  Unise- 
rial, which  see. 

U-ni-sex'u-al.  [From  u’nus,  “one,” 
and  sex' us,  “sex.”]  Applied  to  a flower 
having  stamens  only  or  pistils  only. 

U'ni-valve.  [From  u'nus,  “one,” 
and  val'va,  a “ valve.”]  Having  only 
one  valve.  Applied  to  pericarps,  and  to 
those  Mollusks  the  shell  of  which  is  com- 
posed of  a single  piece,  and  is  generally 
convoluted  spirally,  as  the  Voluta. 

Unnamed  Bones.  See  Ossa  Inno- 

MINATA. 

U'pas.  A name  given  in  Java  to 
several  deadly  poisons,  the  most  remark- 
able of  which  are  the  Bohun  upas  and 
Upas  tieute.  See  Bohun  Upas. 

Upas  Tieu'te  (te-u'td).  A poison,  the 
product  of  the  Strychnos  tieute,  which 
owes  its  deadly  power  to  strychnia. 

U'ra-clius.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  Zxu,  to  “ have,”  or  “ contain ;”  because 
it  was  formerly  supposed  that  in  the 
foetus  it  was  a passage  for  the  urine.]  A 
fibrous  canal  or  cord  which  extends  from 
the  bladder  to.  the  umbilicus. 

U-ra-era'si-a.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  nKpaaia , “ill  temperature.”]  A bad 
quality  of  the  urine. 

U -ra-cra ' t i-a.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  as  pari  a,  “debility.”]  The  same  as 
Enuresis,  which  see. 

U-rae'mi-a.*  [From  ure’a,  a con- 
stituent of  urine,  and  aipa,  “blood.”] 
The  presence  of  urea,  or  urine,  in  the 
blood. 

U-ra-Biis-co-plas'ti-ce.*  [From  u ra- 
nis'cus,  the  “palate,”  and  nXdocrio,  to 
583 


URA 


URG 


“form.”]  The  (artificial)  formation  of 
a palate. 

U-ra-nis-cor-rSia'phi-a.:?f  [From 

uranis'cus,  the  “ palate,”  and  pct'bti,  a 
“seam.”]  Suture  of  the  palate. 

U'ra-nlte.  A beautiful  crystalline 
mineral  composed  chiefly  of  the  phos- 
phate of  uranium,  combined  with  the 
phosphate  of  lime  or  copper. 

HJ-ra'aii-um.*  [From  the  planet 
U'ranus,  discovered  about  the  same  time 
with  the  metal.]  A gray,  brittle  metal 
found  in  uranite.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
about  9. 

IT  - ra-nog/  rsv-pliy,  or 
ra-plhy*  [Uraaiogra'pBiia;  from 
ovpcuog,  “ heaven/’  and  ypi0a>,  to  “ write.”] 
A description  of  the  heavens  and  hea- 
venly bodies. 

U-ra-noI'o-^y.  [Uranolo'gia;  from 
ovpardg,  “heaven,”  and  \oyog,  a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise  on  the  heavens,  or 
the  science  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 

XJ-rar'in.  [Urari'na.]  An  organic 
alkali  found  in  urari , a poison  with  which 
the  savages  of  America  empoison  the  iron 
points  of  their  arrows.  See  Curare. 

XJ'rate.  [U'ras,  aW]  A combina- 
tion of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  a bas<\ 

XJr'ce-i-forin.  [Ureeifor'mis;  from 
ur' ceiis,  a “pitcher.”]  Formed  like  a 
pitcher. 

Ur-ce-o-la'rss.*  The  same  as  Urceo- 
late,  which  see. 

TUr'ce-o-late.  [Urceola'tws;  from 
urce'olus,  a “little  pitcher.”]  Pitcher- 
shaped, or  urn-shaped,  i.e.  hollow  and 
contracted  at  the  mouth.  Applied  to  a 
form  of  monopetalous  corolla,  as  that  of 
the  Heath. 

XJr-ce-o-lif'er-ous.  [Urcealif'e- 
rois;  from  urce'olus,  a “little  pitcher,” 
and  fe'ro , to  “bear.”]  Having  calyces 
like  little  goblets. 

XJ-re'a.'*  [From  uri'na,  “urine.”]  A 
principal  constituent  of  the  urine.  It  is 
a hydrated  cyanate  of  ammonia,  com- 
posed of  two  equivalents  each  of  oxygen, 
nitrogen,  and  carbon,  united  to  four  of 
hydrogen.  It  is  a white,  transparent, 
crystallizable  solid. 

XJ-re'do,  H’iuis.*  [From  it  Vo,  to 
“burn.”]  An  itching  or  burning  sensa- 
tion of  the  skin  which  accompanies  many 
diseases.  Also  applied  to  urticaria,  or 
nettle-rash. 

U-re'm-um.*  Synonymous  with 
Urea,  which  see. 

U-re'sis.*  [From  ovpiio,  to  “void 
urine.”]  Micturition,  or  the  act  of  pass- 
ing urine. 

584 


-uret.  [-ttre'tum.]  A terminal  de- 
noting combination  of  simple  inflam- 
mable bodies  with  each  other,  or  with 
metals. 

U-re'ter, e'ris.%  [From  ovpeoj,  to  “pass 
urine.”]  The  membranous  tube  through 
which  the  urine  is  conveyed  from  the 
kidney  to  the  urinary  bladder. 

l -re-te-ral  [From  ure'ter, 

and  iiXyog , “pain.”]  Pa  n in  the  ureter. 

U-re-te-ri'tis,  i dis*  [From  ure'ter.] 
Inflammation  of  the  ureter. 

U-re'thra.*  [From  ovpi a>,  to  “ pass 
urine.”]  The  membranous  canal  com- 
municating between  the  neck  of  the 
bladder  and  the  external  surface,  and 
passing  in  the  male  through  the  entire 
length  of  the  penis.  The  female  urethra 
does  not  exceed  two  inches  in  length, 
and  the  passage  is  considerably  larger 
than  that  of  the  male. 

U-re'thral.  [Xlretlira'lis.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  urethra. 

XT-re-thral'jS^-a.--  [From  ure'thra , 
and  a\yog,  “pain.”]  Pain  in  the  urethra: 
urethralgy. 

U-a*e-thrl'tis,  idis.%  [From  ure'- 
thra.~\  Inflammation  in  the  urethra. 

Urettiri'tis  Ve-ne're-a.*  (“Vene- 
real Inflammation  of  the  Urethra.”)  A 
term  for  gonorrhoea. 

U-retSi»r©-plas'tic.  [XTretliro- 
plas'tieus.]  Belonging  to  urethro- 
plasty. 

U-retBi-ro-plas'ty.  [From  ure'thra, 
and  TrXicmo,  to  “form.”]  An  operation 
by  which  a new  urethra  is  said  to  have 
been  formed  by  Ricord  in  the  male: 
applicable  to  the  repair  of  any  lesion  of 
the  urethra  by  supplying  the  deficiency 
from  the  healthy  parts. 

P-ret 5b - ror- rlia' [From  ure'- 
thra, and  phywpi,  to  “burst  forth.”]  Sud- 
den discharge  (of  blood)  from  the  ure- 
thra. 

U-retli-ror-rlfooe'a.*  [From  ure'thra, 
and  pioj,  to  “flow.”]  A flow,  as  of  mucus, 
pus,  semen,  etc.,  from  the  urethra. 

U-re-tSirot'o-my.  [ITretBirot©'- 

mia;  from  ure'thra,  and  Tcpyw,  to  “cut.”] 
The  division,  by  a cutting  instrument, 
of  urethral  stricture. 

TJ-ret'I-ca.*  [From  ovpoy,  “urine.”] 
Medicines  which  promote  a*discharge  of 
urine. 

U-ret'I-ciis.**  [From  the  same.] 

Diuretic. 

IT r-g-ia 'e-a la.*  The  systematic 
name,  according  to  the  British  Pharma- 
copoeia, of  the  plant  which  produces  the 
squill. 


URI 

U'ric.  [U'rictis;  from  ovpo’,  “ urine.”] 
Belonging  to  the  urine.  Applied  to  an 
acid,  otherwise  called  Lithic  acid,  ob- 
tained from  urine.  See  Calculi,  Uri- 
nary. 

U-rl-dro'sis.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  idpig,  “sweat.”]  Urinous  sweat. 

Urinse,  Ardor.  See  Ardor  Uri- 
NA3. 

U'rX-nal.  [From  uri'na,  “ urine.”] 
A vessel  to  receive  urine. 

U'rl-na-ry.  [Urina'rius;  from  the 
same.]  Relating  to  the  urine. 

U'rinary  Blad'der.  [Lat.  Vesi'ca 
Uriiaa'ria;  Fr.  Vessie,  vjPs&\]  A mem- 
branous bag  immediately  behind  the 
symphysis  pubis,  of  a flattened,  triangu- 
lar form  when  contracted,  of  an  oval 
figure  when  distended,  composed  of  four 
coats, — the  peritoneal,  muscular,  cellular, 
and  mucous;  the  serous  being  but  par- 
tial. 

Uraaary  UaBculi.  See  Calculi, 
Urinary. 

U'ri-iBa/tion.  [Urinatio,  o'nis; 
from  uri'na,  “urine.”]  The  act  of  pass- 
ing urine. 

U'rine.  [Lat.  Uri'nia;  Gr.  orpo^.] 
The  saline  secretion  of  the  kidneys 
which  flows  from  them  through  the  ure- 
ters into  the  urinary  bladder. 

Urine,  Biffiewlt  Discharge  of. 

See  Dysuria. 

U'riaae,  Ibi-coib 'ti-naeroee  of.  In- 
ability to  retain  the  urine.  See  Enu- 
resis. 

U'rine,  Re-tem'tion  of.  Inability 
to  pass  urine.  See  Ischuria. 

Urine,  Suppression  of.  See  Is- 
churia. 

U-ri-nif'er-oms.  [Uriinif'erus; 

from  uri'na,  “urine,”  and  fe'ro,  to 
“ bear.”’]  Bearing,  or  conveying,  urine. 

U-ri-aaol'o-gy.  The  same  as  Urol- 
ogy, which  see. 

U'ri-nons,  or  U-ri-mose'.  [Urin©'- 
saas;  from  uri'na,  “urine.”]  Relating 
to  urine,  or  like  urine. 

Ur-11  ig'er-o us.  [Urni^'erus;  from 
ur'na,  an  “urn,”  and  ge'ro , to  “bear.”] 
Bearing  capsules  like  urns. 

U'ro-^ele.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,”  and 
*07X7,  a “ tumor.”]  Urinous  cedema  of  the 
scrotum. 

U-roc h 'e-ras.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  yepa?,  “sand.”]  The  sand,  or  sedi- 
ment, of  the  urine. 

U-ro-^ys'tis,  idis*  [From  ovpov, 
" urine,”  and  Kvang,  a “bag.”]  The 
urinary  bladder. 

U-ro-^ys-ti'tis,  id  is,*  [From  urocys'- 
50 


URO 

tn*.]  Inflammation  of  the  urinary  blad- 
der. 

U-ro-dl-al-y-sis.*  [From  ovpov. 
“urine,”  and  <3idA  oig,  a “ dissolution,”  or 
“cessation.”]  A cessation  of  the  secre- 
tion of  urine. 

U-ro-do'-elii-iim.*  [From  ovpov, 
“urine,”  and  dsxopxai,  to  “receive.”]  The 
same  as  Urinal,  which  see. 

U-ro-dyn'i-a.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  odvvn,  “ pain.”]  Pain  during  the 
passing  of  urine. 

U-roe-de'ina,  a tis.*  [From  ovpov, 
“urine,”  and  otiripa,  a “swelling.”] 
Urinous  swelling. 

U-ro-er-y  tli  'rin.  [U roery t li  ri  na ; 

from  ovpov,  “ urine,”  and  ipvdpog,  “red.”] 
A dark-red  precipitate  deposited  by  the 
urine. 

U-ro-gen'i-fal.  [Urogenitalis.] 

Pertaining  to  the  urinary  and  genital 
apparatus. 

U-ro-liy  al.  [Urohya'lis:  from  ovpa, 
a “tail,”  and  hyoi'des,  “hyoid.”]  Ap- 
plied by  Professor  Owen  to  a long,  slender, 
and  pointed  bone,  articulated  with  the 
posterior  end  of  the  basihyal. 

U-ro-litla'ic.  [Urolith'ieus;  from 
urol'ithuH.']  Belcnging  to  urinary  calcu- 
lus. Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

ll-rol'i-t  litis.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  \i0o;,  a “ stone.”]  A urinary  calculus : 
a u'rolith. 

U-ro-log'i-cal.  [Urolog'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  urology. 

U-rol'o-g-y.  [Urolo'gia:  from  ovpov, 
the  “urine,”  and  Aoyo?,  a “discourse.”] 
The  science  of  the  urine,  or  a considera- 
tion of  its  secretion,  nature,  etc. 

U-ro-man-ti'a.*  [From  ovpov, 

“urine,”  and  pavreia,  “divination.”] 
Prognostication  from  inspection  of  the 
urine.  See  Uroscopia. 

U-ro-pla'ni-a.*  [From  ovpov , “urine,” 
and  Tr\ivq,  “wandering.”]  Literally,  “a 
wandering  of  the  urine.”  A secretion  of 
urine  in  other  parts  than  the  proper 
urinary  organs. 

U-ro-po-e'sis.*  [From  ovpov,  “urine,” 
and  nodoj,  to  “make.”]  Secretion  of  the 
urine. 

U-rop-sam'mtis.*  [From  ovpov, 

“urine,”  and  i/'djUjuo?,  “sand.”]  Sand,  or 
sediment,  of  the  urine.  See  Urocheras. 

U-ror-rtia'g’i-a.*  [From  ov/ov, 

“urine,”  and  prjywpu,  to  “burst  forth.”] 
An  excessive  flow  of  urine;  diabetes. 

U-ror-rliee'a.*  [From  ovpov , “urine,” 
and  pi(x),  to  “flow.”]  An  involuntary  dis- 
charge of  urine;  enuresis.  Also  applied 
to  diabetes. 


585 


URO 


UTR 


U-ror-rhor-rhce'a.*  [From  ovpov, 
“ urine,”  and  orrhorrhce'a,  a “flow  of 
serum/']  Excretion  of  serum  (or  albu- 
men) with  the  urine,  or  albuminous  urine, 
constituting  the  Morbus  Brightii. 

U-ros'che-o-£ele.*  [From  ovpov, 
“ urine,"  and  os'cheocele,  a “ tumor  of  the 
scrotum."]  The  same  as  Urocele, 
which  see. 

U-ro-sco'pI-a.*  [From  ovpov,  the 
“ urine,"  and  ommj,  to  “ examine."]  In- 
spection of  the  urine,  as  a means  of 
diagnosis. 

U-ro'ses.~  [From  ovpov,  “ urine."] 
Diseases  of  the  urinary  apparatus. 

U-ros'te-a-lith.  [Urosteal'ithus , 

from  ovpov,  “ urine,"  oreap , “fat,"  and  XiQog, 
a “ stone."]  A fatty  constituent  of 
urinary  calculi. 

U'rous.  [Uro'sus.]  Belonging  to 
the  urine.  Applied  to  an  oxide,  or  sub- 
stance forming  a rare  ingredient  in 
vesical  calculi. 

Urticacese,*  ur-te-ka'she-e.  A natu- 
ral order  of  exogenous  plants,  widely 
dispersed  over  the  world,  in  hot  and  cold 
climates.  Among  them  is  the  Urti'ca 
(Nettle).  Excessive  causticity  in  their 
juice  is  their  chief  characteristic.  This 
order  once  included  hemp,  the  hop-vine, 
the  fig,  mulberry,  bread-fruit,  etc.,  which 
are  now  arranged  under  new  orders, 
Cannabinaeem,  Moracese , and  Artocarpa- 
csse. 

Ur-ti'ca  IM-oi'ca*  or  His'pi-da.* 

(Fr.  Ortie,  OR't&'.)  The  systematic  name 
of  the  nettle,  a plant  of  the  Linnaean 
class  Moncecia , natural  order  Urticacese. 

Ur-ti-ca'ri-a.*  [From  Urti'ca , a 
“ nettle."]  The  nettle-rash.  An  ex- 
anthematous fever  characterized  by  an 
eruption  like  the  elevations  produced  on 
the  skin  by  the  sting  of  a nettle.  A genus 
of  the  order  Exanthemata,  class  Pyrexise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  See  Uredo. 

Ur-ti-ca'tion.  [Urtica'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  whipping  of  a part, 
as  a paralytic  limb,  with  nettles,  with  the 
view  of  restoring  sensation. 

Us 'ne- a.*  The  Li'chen  saxat' ilis.  A 
kind  of  moss  or  lichen,  particularly  that 
adhering  to  the  human  skull  when  ex- 
posed to  the  air  in  damp  places.  See 
next  article. 

Us'nea  Cra'ni-i  Hu-ma'ni.*  (“Us- 
nea  of  the  Human  Skull.")  A plant 
formerly  believed  to  possess  extraordi- 
nary anti-epileptic  and  anti-hsemorrhagic 
virtues. 

Usquebaugh,  us-kwe-baw'.  The 
Irish  name  for  whiskey. 

586 


Us'tion.  [Us'tio,  o 'nis;  from  u'ro, 
us' turn,  to  “burn."]  A burning.  For- 
merly used  for  Incineration;  also,  for 
Combustion.  In  Surgery,  employed  for 
Cauterization. 

Us'tus.*  [From  the  same.]  Burnt. 
Thj  same  as  calcined,  or  dried  by  fire. 

U'te-ri,*  the  genitive  of  u'terus,  sig- 
nifying “of  the  womb:"  e.g.  Cer'vix 
U'teri,  the  “ neck  [or  narrow  part]  of  the 
womb;"  Retrooer' sio  U'teri , the  “retro- 
version of  the  womb,"  etc. 

U'ter-ine.  [Uteri'nus.]  Belong- 
ing to  the  uterus. 

Uterine  Gestation.  See  Utero- 
GeSTATION. 

Uterine  Madness.  See  Furor  Ute- 
rinus,  and  Nymphomania. 

U-te-ri'tis,.  i dis*  [From  u'terus .] 
Inflammation  of  the  womb;  also  called 
Metritis  and  Hysteritis. 

U'te-ro-^res-ta'tion.  The  period  of 
pregnancy  commencing  with  conception 
and  terminating  with  delivery. 

U-te-rot  o-niy.  [Uteroto'inia;  from 
u'terus,  and  rep vw,  to  “cut."]  The  cut- 
ting into  the  uterus,  as  when  the  lips 
have  become  united  by  adhesive  inflam- 
mation. See  Hysterotomy. 

U'te-rus,*  genitive  U'te-ri,  accusa- 
tive U'ter-um,  ablative  U'ter-o.  [From 
a' ter,  a “bottle  of  skin  or  leather."]  (Gr. 
varcpa  and  pr/rpa;  Fr.  Matrice,  m&'tR&ss' 
[from  the  Latin  Ma'trix],  or  Sein,  saNG'.) 
The  womb;  a hollow  muscular  organ 
designed  for  the  lodgment  and  nourish- 
ment of  the  foetus  from  the  moment  of 
conception  until  birth.  In  its  ordinary 
condition,  it  is  a compact  fleshy  body, 
about  three  inches  in  length,  two  inches 
in  its  greatest  breadth,  shaped  somewhat 
like  a flattened  pear,  the  narrower  por- 
tion being  below.  The  upper  or  broader 
part  is  termed  the  fundus,  the  contracted 
portion  is  called  the  cervix  or  neck,  and 
the  external  orifice,  communicating  with 
the  vagina,  the  os  tincse  or  os  uteri.  At 
the  superior  angles,  it  sends  off  the  Fal- 
lopian tubes,  which,  when  conception 
takes  place,  receive  the  ovule  or  ovules 
from  the  ovary  and  convey  them  to  the 
uterus. 

U'terus,  In-ver'sion  of  the.  [In- 

ver'sio  U'teri.]  The  state  of  the 
womb  being  turned  inside  out,  caused 
by  violently  drawing  away  the  placenta 
before  it  is  detached  by  the  natural  pro- 
cess of  labor. 

Uterus,  Retroversion  of.  See 
Retroversio  Uteri. 

U'trl-cle.  [Utric'ulus,  or  Uter'« 


UTR 


VAG 


cuius;  diminutive  of  u'ter,  a “bottle.”] 
A minute  cell  or  vesicle;  also,  a small, 
bladdery  fruit. 

U-tric'u-lar.  [Utricula'ris.]  Be- 
longing to,  or  like,  a utricle;  bladder- 
like. 

U-tric'u-late.  [Utricula'tus;  from 
utric'ulus , a “utricle.”]  Having  utri- 
cles. 

U-trac'u-li-form.  [Utiiculifor'- 
mis;  from  utric'ulm,  a “utricle.”]  Hav- 
ing the  form  of  a utricle;  shaped  like  a 
little  bottle. 

U-tric'u-lose,  or  U-tric'u-lous. 
[Utriculo'sus;  from  utric'ulus , a “utri- 
cle.”] Having  or  bearing  utricles.  Ap- 
plied to  plants. 

U'tri-form.  [Utriforinis;  from 
u'ter,  a “ bladder”  or  “ bottle.”]  Having 
the  form  of  a bottle. 

r-trig'er-ous.  [Utrig'erus;  from 
u’ter , a “bladder”  or  “bottle,”  and  ge'ro, 
to  “bear.”]  Bearing  objects  like  bot- 
tles. 

U'va.*  A “grape.”  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial  name  (Lond.  Ph.)  for  the  dried 
fruit  of  the  Vitis  vinifera ; the  raisin. 

U'va  Pas'sa*  (“Dried  Grape”),  or 
tJ'vse  Pas'sae*  (“Dried  Grapes”).  The 
Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.  and  Ed. 
Ph.)  for  the  raisin.  See  Uva. 


U'va  Ur'si.*  The  Pharmacopoeial 
name  for  the  leaves  of  Arctostaphylos 
Uva  Ursi.  It  is  astringent  and  tonic, 
and  has  been  extolled  as  an  antilithic. 

U've-a,*  or  Tu'ni-ca  U'vea.* 
(“Grape-like  Tunic.”)  [From  u'va,  a 
“ grape.”]  The  posterior  surface  of  the 
iris  of  the  eye,  supposed  to  resemble  the 
skin  of  a grape. 

U-ve-i'tis,  idifi.%  [From  u'vea.~\  In- 
flammation of  the  uvea. 

U-vif'er-ous.  [Uvif'erus;  from 
u'va,  a “grape,”  or  “raisin,”  and  fe'ro, 
to  “bea*\”]  Bearing  fruits  like  the 
grape. 

U'vi-form.  [Uvifor'mis;  from  u'va, 
a “grape.”]  Shaped  like  a grape. 

U'vu-la.*  [Diminutive  of  u'va,  a 
“grape.”]  The  small  fleshy  body  hang- 
ing from  the  velum  pendulum  palati, 
above  the  root  of  the  tongue.  It  is 
sometimes  of  a preternatural  length,  in- 
terfering with  the  functions  of  the  voice, 
and  producing  a tendency  to  cough.  In 
these  cases  amputation  may  become 
necessary. 

U'vula  Ve-si'$ae.*  (“Uvula  of  the 
Bladder.”)  The  small  eminence  form- 
ing the  apex  of  the  trigone. 

U'vu-lar.  [Uvtila'ris.]  Belonging 
to  the  uvula. 


Y. 


Vac-ci'na.*  [Frpm  vac'ca,  a “cow.”] 
Cow-pox;  also  called  Vari'ola  vacci’na. 
A disease  originating  in  the  cow,  with 
which,  if  the  human  body  be  inoculated, 
it  is  preserved  from  the  contagion  of 
small-pox. 

Vac-ci-na'tion.  [Vaccma'tio, 

©' ms ; from  vac'ca,  a “cow.”]  The 
minor  operation  of  inserting  matter  for 
the  production  of  vaccina,  or  cow-pox. 
Vaccinia.  See  Vaccina. 
Vacciniacese,*  vak-sin-e-a'she-e. 

A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(shrubs  or  trees),  which  abound  in  the 
temperate  parts  of  the  world.  It  in- 
cludes the  Vaccin'inm  (Whortleberry), 
and  Ojcycoc'  cus,  or  Vaccinium  macrocar - 
pan  (Cranberry). 

Vac-cin'i-um  Mae-ro-car'pon.* 

The  systematic  name  of  the  common 
American  Cranberry,  a plant  of  the  Lin- 
tia^an  class  Octandria,  natural  order. 
Vacciniacese. 

Va^il-lant.  [Tacil'lans,  an  'tie/ 
from  vacil'lo,  to  “move  to  and  fro,”  to 


“waver.”]  Wavering.  In  Botany,  the 
same  as  Versatile,  which  see. 

Vac'n-um.*  [From  vac'uus,  “void,” 
or  “ empty.”]  That  is,  vac'uum  spa'tium , 
an  “ empty  space.”  In  Physics,  a portion 
of  space  void  of  matter.  The  most  per- 
fect vacuum  that  can  be  produced  artifi- 
cially is  the  Torricellian,  which  see. 

Va-gi'na,*  gen.  Va-gi'nae.  (A 
“sheath,”  or  “case.”)  (Fr.  Vagin,  v&'- 
zhaNG\)  The  canal  extending  from  the 
vulva  to  the  uterus.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  other  parts;  e.g.  the  fascia 
encasing  or  covering  a limb,  etc. 

Vagiiia  Cor'dis.*  (“  Case  of  the 
Heart.”)  The  same  as  Pericardium, 
which  see. 

Vag'i-nal.  [Vagina'lis;  from  va- 
gi'na.]  Belonging  to  the  vagina.  In 
Botany,  relating  to  a sheath. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle.  See 
Tunica  Vaginalis. 

Vag'i-iiant.  [Vaga'nans;  from 
vagi' no,  vagina' turn,  to  “sheathe.”]  Em 
casing;  sheathing. 


587 


VAG 


YAP 


Va£'i-nate.  [Vagina'lus;  from  the 
same.]  Cased  or  sheathed. 

Va£-i-iier'vi-us.*  [From  va'gus, 
“ wandering,”  and  ner'vus,  a “ nerve.”] 
Having  leaves  the  nervures  of  which  run 
in  all  directions. 

Tag*I-iiit  'er-ous.  [Vagimif'erws ; 

from  vagi' no,  a “ sheath,”  and  fe'ro , to 
“ bear.”]  Bearing  one  or  more  sheaths. 

Va-gi-ni'tis,  i dis.*  [From  vagi' na.] 
Inflammation  of  the  vagina. 

Va-gfi'tus.*  [From  va'gio,  vagi' turn, 
to  “cry  as  an  infant.”]  (Fr.  Vagisse- 
mentf  v&'zh&ss'moN®'.)  The  crying  of 
infants. 

Yagi'tas  IT-ter-i'nus.*  (“Uterine 
Crying.”)  The  crying  of  the  child  heard, 
or  supposed  to  have  been  heard,  while 
yet  in  the  passages. 

Vag’ue.  [From  va'gus,  “ wandering.”] 
In  Botany,  having  no  definite  order  or 
direction. 

Va'gus.*  [From  va’go , to  “wander.”] 
Wandering.  Applied  to  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerve,  or  Nervus  vagus,  otherwise 
called  Par  vagum,  or  “wandering  pair.” 
See  Pneumogastric  Nerves. 

Va-le-ri-a'na.*  [From  Valerius, 
who  first  described  it.]  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Triandria , natural 
order  Valerianae  ere.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial  name  for  the  root  of  Valeriana 
officinalis,  which  is  used  as  a nervous 
stimulant  or  antispasmodic. 

Valeriu'na  ©f-fi^-i-iia'lis.*  (“Of- 
ficinal Valerian.”)  The  wild  valerian 
plant. 

Valeria'naSyl-ves'tris.*  The  same 
as  Valeriana  Officinalts. 

Valerianaceae,*  va-le-re-a-na'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  herbaceous 
plants,  abundant  in  Europe,  Northern 
India,  and  South  America.  It  includes 
the  Valeria' na,  the  root  of  which  is  tonic 
and  antispasmodic. 

Va-le'ri-a-uate.  [Valeria'nas, 

a'ti’s.J  A combination  of  valerianic  acid 
with  a base. 

V a-le-ri-an  ' ic.  [Valerian'icus ; 

from  Valeria' na.\  Belonging  to  valerian. 
Applied  to  an  acid  obtained  from  it. 

Val-e-tu-di-na'ri-an,  or  Val-e-tu'- 
di-na-ry.  [From  valctu'do,  “state  or 
condition  of  body  (or  health),”  whether 
good  or  bad.]  A person  who  is  in  deli- 
cate or  infirm  health,  or  subject  to  fre- 
quent illness. 

Vsil'gus.*  Having  legs  bent  out- 
ward; crooked:  awry. 

Val  ley.  [Val'U».j  The  name  of 
a depression  of  the  cerebellum,  in  which 
588 


is  lodged  the  commencement  of  the  spinal 
marrow. 

Val-sal'va,  Si'nus-es  of.  Three 
prominences  formed  by  dilatation  of  the 
Avails  of  the  aorta  in  the  places  which 
correspond  to  the  sigmoid  valves. 

Valva.  See  Valve. 

Val-va'caous.  [Valva'ceus.]  Ap- 
plied to  indehiscent  fruits  formed  of 
valves  with  distinct  sutures. 

Val'vae,*  the  plural  of  VaVva.  See 
Valve. 

Val'var.  [Valva'ris;  from  val'va, 
a “valve.”]  Belonging  to  a valve. 

Val'vate,  or  Val'vat-ed.  [Valva'- 
tus;  from  the  same.]  Having  valves; 
valved. 

Valve.  [Val'va,  plural  Val'va?;  from 
voVvo,  to  “roll,”  to  “fold.”]  Originally, 
valvse  were  folding  doors.  Applied  to  a 
fold  or  elongation  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  canals,  preventing  the  reflux  of 
their  contents.  In  Botany,  one  of  the 
pieces  into  which  a pod  or  capsule  sepa- 
rates in  dehiscence. 

Valved.  [Valva'tus;  from  val'va, 
a “valve.”]  Opening  by  valves. 

Val'va- furou.  [ValvIfor'iEiis;  from 
val'va,  a “valve.”]  Formed  like  a valve. 

Val'vu-la,*  plural  Val'vu-lse.  [Di- 
minutive of  val'va,  a “valve.”]  A little 
valve:  a val'vule. 

Val'vu-lse,*  gen.  Val-vu-la/rum, 

the  plural  of  Valvula. 

Val'vulse  Cou-ui-veu'tes.*  The 

semilunar  folds  formed  by  the  mucous 
lining  of  the  duodenum,  jejunum,  and 
ileum. 

Valvulse  Semilunares.  See  Semi- 
lunar Valves. 

Va-na'di-um.*  [From  Vanadis,  a 
Scandinavian  deity.]  A white,  brittle 
metal,  very  difficult  of  reduction,  and 
not  oxidized  by  air  or  water.  It  is  solu- 
ble in  nitric  acid  and  aqua  regia,  with 
which  it  yields  solutions  of  a fine  dark- 
blue  color.  It  was  first  found  in  Sweden. 

Vane-like.  See  Versatile. 

Va-nil'Ia.*  The  name  applied  to  the 
prepared  unripe  capsules  of  the  Van i l' la 
aromat'ica.  They  have  been  placed  on 
the  primary  list  of  the  Materia  Medica 
of  the  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia  for  1800. 
Vanilla  is  a grateful  aromatic,  emplo}'ed 
in  confectionery,  etc.  It  has  been  re- 
commended, in  the  form  of  infusion,  as 
a remedy  in  hysteria,  and  in  certain  low 
fevers. 

Va  por,*  gen.  Va-jpo'ris.  A Latin 

word  signifying  “steam,”  or  “exhala- 
tion.” Applied  to  any  e’astic  fluid  into 


YAP 


VAS 


which  a liquid  or  solid  is  converted  by- 
heat.  Yapors  differ  from  gases  in  this 
respect,  that  they  are  not  permanently 
clastic,  but  resume  the  liquid  or  solid 
form  when  cooled  down  to  ordinary  tem- 
peratures. 

Va'por  l>ouclhe  (doosh).  A kind  of 
vapor-bath;  properly,  a column  of  vapor 
directed  to  a particular  part. 

Vap-o-ra'ri-Hm.;::  [From  vapo'ro, 

to  “send  out  vapor.”]  A vapor-bath. 

Vap-o-d-zation.  [Vaporiza'tio, 
© 'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  rapid  con- 
version of  a fluid  into  vapor  by  heat. 

Va  pors,  or  Va'pours.  A name  for 
hypochondriasis,  spleen,  or  depression  of 
spirits. 

Var-i-cel'la.*  [Diminutive  of  vari'- 
ola, “small-pox.”]  Chicken-pox,  a dis- 
ease characterized  by  an  eruption  of 
smooth,  transparent,  lentil-shaped,  or 
irregular  circular  vesicles.  A genus  of 
the  order  Exanthemata,  class  Pyrexia: , of 
Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Var'I-^i-form.  [Varicifor'onis ; 

from  va’rix,  a “swollen  vein.”]  Resem- 
bling a varix. 

Var'i-co-^elle.*  [From  va'rix,  and 
a “tumor.”]  A swelling  of  the 
veins  of  the  scrotum,  or  of  the  sper- 
matic cord.  Also,  any  tumor  originating 
in  a varicose  vein. 

Var-l-cose'.  [Varico'sns;  from 
va'rix.']  Applied  to  veins  in  a state  of 
permanent  dilatation,  with  accumulation 
of  dark-colored  blood,  the  circulation 
of  which  is  materially  retarded  in  the 
affected  vessel,  which  is  irregular,  knot- 
ted, and  winding  in  a variety  of  ways. 

Varicose  Aneurism.  See  Aneu- 
rismal  Varix. 

Va-ri'e-ty-  [Vari'etas,  a 'tin;  from 
va' rius,  “changeable,”  “variegated.”] 
In  Natural  History,  this  term  is  applied 
to  individuals  of  the  same  species  which, 
from  the  operation  of  different  causes,  as 
climate,  food,  or  cultivation,  present  de- 
viations from  the  specific  type  in  size, 
color,  form,  etc.,  but  have  the  capacity 
of  reverting  to  the  original  typical  form 
in  successive  generations  on  the  cessa- 
tion of  the  influences  under  which  the 
variety  originated. 

Va-rX-i-fo'lI-iis.*  [From  v a' rius, 
“diverse,”  and  fo' Hum,  a “leaf.”]  Hav- 
ing leaves  not  all  of  the  same  form. 

Va-ri'o-la.*  [From  va'rius , “varie- 
gated,” “spotted.”]  (Fr.  Variole.  vA*- 
re'ol',  or  Petite  Verole,  peh-tet'  vA'rol'.) 
Small-pox.  A very  contagious  disease 
sharacterized  by  synocJui  and  an  eruption 
50* 


of  pustules  on  the  third  day,  which 
suppurate  about  the  eighth,  and  after- 
wards, drying,  fall  off  in  crusts.  A genus 
of  the  order  Exanthemata,  class  Pyrexise, 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Va-ri'o-lar.  [Variola'ris;  from 
vari'ola,  “small-pox.”]  Pertaining  to 
variola. 

Va-ri'o-latc.  [Variola'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Having  small  eminences  like 
the  pustules  of  small-pox. 

Variole.  See  Variola. 

Va/ri-o-l©i«l.  [Varioloi'des;  from 
vari'ola , and  eiiog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling variola,  or  small-pox.  Varioloid 
(Lat.  variolois),  used  as  a noun,  is  a 
common  term  for  small-pox  modified  by 
previous  vaccination  or  inoculation. 

Va-ri-o-llo'is,  idis*  [Diminutive  of 
vari'ola.]  Small-pox  modified  by  pre- 
vious vaccination.  See  Varioloid. 

Va-ri'o-lous.  [Variolo'tles;  from 
vari'ola,  “ small-pox.”]  Relating  to 
small-pox;  of  the  nature  of  small  pox. 

Va'rix,  i ci«.*  [Fr<m  va'rns, 

“crooked.”]  A dilated  vein,  generally 
becoming  knotted  and  winding  in  its 
course.  A genus  of  the  order  Turn  ores, 
class  Locales,  of  Cullen’s  Nosology. 

Varolii  Pons.  See  Pons  Varolii. 

Va  rus.*  A spot  or  pimple  on  the 
face.  See  Acne. 

Va'rns.*  Crooked;  ill  shaped.  Ap- 
plied to  a variety  of  the  deformity  called 
Taf’ipes,  or  club-foot. 

Va  rus  Pimc-ta'tus.*  Applied  to 
minute  pimples  common  in  the  skin  of 
the  face,  particularly  of  young  persons, 
and  called  maggot-pimples,  because  a 
worm-like  sebaceous  substance  may  be 
pressed  out  of  them. 

Vas,*  gen.  Va'sis,  plural  Va'sa.  A 
Latin  word  signifying  any  kind  of  ves- 
sel. Applied  in  Anatomy  to  membra- 
nous canals  or  tubes  through  which  the 
fluids  of  the  body  are  conveyed,  as  arte- 
ries, veins,  etc. 

Vas  I>ef  'e-rens.*  A continuation 
of  the  epididymis,  forming  the  duct  which 
conveys  the  semen  secreted  in  the  tes- 
ticle, into  the  ejaculatory  duct. 

Va'sa,*  gen.  Va-so'rum,  the  plural 
of  Vas,  which  see. 

Va'sa  Bre'vi-a.*  (“  Short  Vessels.”) 
The  small  branches  of  the  splenic  artery 
which  anastomose  with  others  of  the 
gastric  artery,  and  are  distributed  on  the 
large  arch  of  the  stomach. 

Va'sa  €ap-re-©“la'ri-a.*  (“  Tendril- 
like Vessels.”)  The  spermatic  vessels: 
so  named  from  their  tortuous  course. 

589 


VAS 


VEG 


Va'sa  Eiferen'lia^  (ef-fer-en'she-a). 
(“  Efferent  Vessels.”)  Applied  generally 
to  vessels  that  go  out  from  a gland,  but 
specially  to  five  or  six  tortuous  vessels 
which  ascend  obliquely  backwards  from 
the  testis.  See  next  article. 

Va'sa  Inferen'tia*  (in-fe-ren'she-a). 
[From  in,  “into,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “carry.”] 
Applied  to  vessels  which  enter  a gland, 
as  distinguished  from  vasa  efferent! a,  or 
the  vessels  which  carry  out  the  substance 
secreted  by  the  gland. 

Va'sa Se-ro'sa.*  (“Serous  Vessels.”) 
A name  formerly  applied  to  (supposed) 
vessels  so  minute  as  not  to  admit  the  red 
blood-globules,  and  therefore  contain- 
ing serum  only.  They  were  considered 
to  be  a complement  to  the  capillaries  and 
to  c mvey  nutriment  to  the  ultimate 
tissues. 

Va'sa  Va-so'rum.*  (“Vessels  of  the 
Vessels.”)  The  very  minute  arteries  and 
veins  by  which  the  substance  of  larger 
vessels  is  supposed  to  be  supplied  with 
nourishment. 

Va'sa  Vor-ti-co'sa.*  (“Vorticose 
Vessels.”)  Applied  to  the  fine  vascular 
ramifications  principally  connected  with 
the  veins  on  the  external  surface  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 

Vas'eu-lar.  [Vascula'ris;  from 
vas'cnlum , a “little  vessel.”]  Having, 
or  relating  to,  vessels  : full  of  vessels. 

Vas  cular  Plants.  [Vascula'res.] 
A term  applied  to  all  plants  which  have 
vascular  and  woody  tissues  in  their  com- 
position (i.e.  all  exogenous  and  endogen- 
ous plants).  They  compose  one  of  the 
two  grand  divisions  in  the  system  of  De 
Candolle. 

Vas  cular  Sys  tem.  [Syste'ma 
Vaso'rum.]  That  part  of  the  animal 
economy  which  relates  to  the  vessels. 
Harvey  took  the  heart  as  the  centre,  and 
described  the  two  circulations  as  the 
pulmonic  through  the  lungs,  and  the 
systemic  through  the  system. 

Vascular  System  of  Plants. 
That  portion  of  the  tissue  of  plants 
which  is  destined  for  the  conveyance  of 
sap  or  air. 

Vas'cular  Tis'sue.  [Trachen'- 
cbyina.]  In  Botany,  a modification  of 
cellular  tissue,  consisting  of  cells  trans- 
formed into  vessels  or  tubes  called  dotted 
ducts,  spiral  ducts,  etc.  In  older  stems 
they  are  filled  with  air,  except  when  the 
whole  tissue  is  gorged  with  sap. 

Vas-cu-lar'I-ly.  [Vascular 'itas, 

a 'tit;  from  vas'cultim , a “little  vessel. ”J 
The  state  or  property  of  being  vascular. 
590 


Vas-cu-lo'sus.*  [From  ras'euhun,  a 
“little  vessel.”]  Full  of  vessels ; vas- 
cular. 

Vas'cu-luni.*  [Diminutive  of  vas, 
a “vessel.”]  A little  vessel.  See  Ascid- 

IUM. 

Vas'i  form  Tis'sue.  The  same  as 
Vascular  Tissue,  which  see. 

Vas-ta'tor,  o'r is*  [From  vas'to , 
rast.a'tum,  to  “lay  waste,”  to  “destroy.”] 
Destroying  or  destructive.  Applied  to 
certain  insects.  See  Aphis. 

Vas'tus.*  Literally,  “large,”  or 
“vast.”  A term  applied  to  two  portions 
of  the  Triceps  Extensor  Cruris,  which 
see. 

Va'snm,*  plural  Va'sa.  A Latin 
word  signifying  a “vessel.” 

Vaterian  Bodies.  See  Pacini,  Cor- 
puscles of. 

Vaulted.  See  Forniciform. 

Yau queli ne.  vok’ien'.  A name  for 
Strychnia,  which  see. 

Vec'tis.*  [From  ve'ho,  vec'tum , to 
“carry,”  or  to  “bear.”]  The  lever.  In 
Obstetrics,  an  instrument  employed  in 
certain  cases  of  preternatural  labor. 

Vector.  See  Radius  Vector. 

Ve£-e-ta-bil  'I-a.*  ( “ V egetables,” 
or  “Plants.”)  A name  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  whole  vegetable  kingdom. 

Ve&'e-ta-ble.  [Vegetab'iliss  from 
re' geo,  to  “ grow,”  to  “ be  strong.”]  An 
organized  body  possessing  organs  of  cir- 
culation and  respiration,  but  destitute  of 
sensation  and  of  the  power  of  locomo- 
tion; a plant. 

Vegetable  Al-bu'men.  A proxi- 
mate principle  found  in  certain  parts  of 
plants,  closely  resembling  animal  albu- 
men. The  term  albumen  (so  called  be- 
cause, like  the  white  of  an  egg,  it  encloses 
the  embryo)  is  also  applied  to  the  peri- 
sperm,  or  substance  which  surrounds  the 
embryo,  in  Indian  corn  and  most  other 
kinds  of  grain.  It  is  designed  to  supply 
nourishment  to  the  young  plant. 

Vegetable  A-nat'o-my.  or  Phy. 
tot'o-my.  The  study  of  the  minute 
structure  of  vegetables,  as  revealed  by 
the  microscope. 

Vegetable  E-con 'o-my.  [GEco- 
no'inia  Vegetab'ilis.]  The  orderly 
arrangement  of  the  parts  of  living  plants 
or  vegetables. 

Vegetable  PliyS-i-ol'o-gry.  The 

department  of  Botany  which  treats  of 
the  vital  actions  or  functions  of  plants. 
The  study  of  the  apparatus  of  plants,  in 
action,  endowed  with  life,  and  fulfilling 
the  purpose  for  which  it  was  intended. 


VEG 


YEN 


and  also  of  the  forces  which  operate 
in  it  and  by  it,  is  the  province  of  Vege- 
table Physiology. — (Gray.) 

Veg-e-tall-ty.  [Vegetal' itas.]  A 
term  for  the  aggregate  of  those  functions 
or  properties  which  are  possessed  by  all 
living  vegetables;  also  applied  to  such 
animal  phenomena  as  are  common  to 
the  vegetable  kingdom. 

Veg-e-ta'ri-an.  One  who  holds  the 
doctrine  that  vegetables  are  the  only 
proper  food  for  man. 

Veg-e*ta'tion.  [Vegeta'tio,  o'nis ; 
from  veg'eto,  vegeta' turn,  to  “quicken,” 
or  to  “ make  strong.”]  The  growth  of 
plants;  the  process  by  which  plants 
vegetate  or  grow.  Sometimes  applied 
to  plants  collectively  or  in  general. 
Also,  a morbid  fungous  excrescence 
which  sometimes  appears  on  the  valves 
of  the  heart,  or  on  the  semilunar  valves 
of  the  aorta. 

Veg'e-ta-tive.  [Vegetati'vus; 

from  the  same.]  Capable  of  growing; 
relating  to  growth  or  nutrition.  Applied 
to  organic  functions,  i.e.  nutrition  and 
reproduction. 

Veg'e-to-Ani-mal.  [ Veg'eto- An- 

ima'flis.]  Applied  to  gluten  and  vege- 
table albumen,  two  vegetable  substances 
which  resemble  certain  proximate  ani- 
mal principles  in  chemical  habitudes,  etc. 

Veg'eto-Min'e-ral.  [Veg'eto-Min- 
era'lis.]  Pertaining  to  vegetable  and 
mineral  substances. 

Veg'eto  - Sul-pSiu'rl-cus.*  Applied 
to  an  acid  formed  by  the  action  of  sul- 
phuric acid  on  sawdust  of  wood,  or  linen 
rags. 

Ve'lii-cle.  [Veliic'ulum;  from 
ve'ho , to  “carry,”  in  any  manner.]  Lit- 
erally, “that  which  carries  or  conveys.” 
A liquor,  or  substance,  in  which  medi- 
cine is  rendered  of  more  easy  exhibition. 
See  Excipient. 

VeM.  See  Velum,  and  Calyptra. 

Venn.  See  Vena. 

Veined.  [Veno'sus.]  Having  veins 
or  nerves.  In  Botany,  furnished  with 
slender  vascular  or  woody  bundles,  es- 
pecially branching  ones,  or  veins. 

Vein'less.  [Ave'naus.]  Destitute 
of  apparent  veins. 

Vein'let.  [Vem'ula.]  A little  vein; 
one  of  the  smaller  ramifications  of  the 
veins  of  a leaf. 

Veins,  Min'e-ral.  Cracks  or  fis- 
sures in  rocks,  filled  with  metals  or 
other  substances  different  from  the  rock 
itself. 

Vellum.*  [From  vel'lus,  a “fleece 


of  wool;”  also,  the  “skin  of  an  animal.”] 
A fine  kind  of  parchment,  made  of  calf- 
skin. 

Velum.*  [From  ve'lo , to  “hide.”] 
A veil.  Applied  to  several  objects  like 
a veil  or  screen. 

Velum  In-ter-pos'i-tum.*  (“  In- 
terposed Veil.”)  The  choroid  membrane 
of  the  brain,  situated  beneath  the  fornix 
and  above  the  optic  thalami . 

Ve'luan  Pend  u-1  um  Pa-lala.* 
(“Pendulous  Veil  or  Curtain  of  the 
Palate.”)  Applied  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  palate,  which  forms  two  arches, 
fixed  laterally  to  the  tongue  and  phar- 
ynx. See  Palatum  Molle. 

Velum  Pu-pil'lae.*  (“Veil  of  the 
Pupil.”)  The  name  of  a very  thin  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  pupil  of  the  eye 
in  the  foetus;  also  termed  Membrana  yu- 
])illari8  (“Pupillary  Membrane”). 

Velum  Ve-si'^a?  U-ri-na'ri-aB.* 
The  trigone. 

Ve-lu'ti-nous.  [From  the  Italian 
rellu-tOy  “velvet.”]  Velvety;  covered 
with  very  fine  and  close  soft  hairs,  so 
that  the  surface  resembles  velvet  to  the 
touch.  Applied  to  plants. 

Vena,*  plural  Ve'nse,  A vein;  a 
non-pulsating  vessel  carrying  the  blood, 
or  waste  portion  of  it,  back  to  the  heart, 
after  it  has  been  distributed  to  the  sys- 
tem by  the  arteries  and  ha-s  given  off  its 
nutritious  properties  to  the  various  or- 
gans and  tissues  of  the  body.  (See  Cir- 
culation.) Also,  one  of  the  woody  fibres 
which  form  part  of  the  framework  <-l 
leaves. 

Ve  na  Ar-te-ri-o'sa.*  (“  Arterial 
Vein.”)  Another  name  for  the  portal 
vein : so  called  because  it  ramifies  like 
an  artery,  and  conveys  blood  for  secre- 
tion ; but  it  is  an  arterial  vein  in  another 
sense,  being  a vein  to  the  hepatic  artery, 
and  an  artery  to  the  hepatic  vein.  See 
Vena  Portje. 

Ve'ua  Ba-sil'I-ca.*  (“  Ptoyal  Vein.”) 
The  large  vein  of  the  arm.  See  Basilic. 

Ve'ua  Ca'va  In-fe'ri-oay*  or  Ve'ua 
Ca  va  As-cen 'dens.*  (“Inferior  or 
Ascending  Hollow  Vein.”)  The  large 
vein  which  extends  from  the  articulation 
of  the  fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertebrae 
to  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart. 

Ve'ua  Ca'va  Su-pe'ri-or*  (“Supe- 
rior Hollow  Vein  ”),  otherwise  called 
Ve'ua  Ca'va  Be-s^en'dens*  (“De- 
scending”). The  grand  trunk  which 
transmits  the  blood  of  the  head,  the  neck, 
the  superior  extremities,  and  part  of  the 
circulation  of  the  thorax  to  the  heart. 

591 


VEN 


YEN 


Vena  Portae.  See  Portal  Vein. 

Ve'nse,*  gen.  Ve-na'rum,  the  plural 
of  Vena,  which  see. 

Venae  Alares.  See  Alares  Venas. 

Ve'nae  Ca'vse.*  (Literally,  " Hollow 
Veins.”)  The  two  large  terminating 
trunks  of  the  veins,  divided  into  the 
Vena  cava  superior , and  Vena  cava  in- 
ferior; 

Ven-ae-sec'tio.*  ("Cutting  of  a 
Vein.”)  See  V enesection. 

Ve-na'tion.  [Vena'tio;  from  ve'na, 
a "vein.”]  The  mode  in  which  veins 
are  distributed  throughout  the  lamina  of 
a leaf.  There  are  two  principal  modes 
of  venation,  which  are  characteristic  of 
the  two  grand  divisions  of  phenogamous 
plants,  viz.  Reticulated  and  Parallel- 
Veined,  which  see. 

Ven-e-na'tion.  [From  rene' no,  Vale- 
ria’turn,  to  " poison.”]  The  act  of  poi- 
soning. 

V en-e-ni f'er-ous.  [V enen i f 'er us ; 

from  vene'num , " poison,”  and  fe’ro,  to 
“ bear.”]  Bearing  poison.  Applied  to 
plants. 

Ve-ne're-al.  [Vene'mis;  from 
Ve’nus,  the  goddess  of  love.]  Belong- 
ing to  sexual  intercourse,  or  venery. 
Also,  the  same  as  Aphrodisiac. 

Vene'real  Disease'.  [Mor'bws 
Aplirodis'ius  or  Vene'reus.]  A 
general  term  for  gonorrhoeal  as  well  as 
syphilitic  affections,  but  more  frequently 
applied  to  the  latter.  See  Syphilis. 

Vene'real  IMsease',  True.  Syph- 
ilis, or  Lues  venerea. 

Ven'e-ry.  [From  Ve’nus,  the  god- 
dess of  love.]  The  pleasures  of  love; 
sexual  intercourse. 

Ven-e-see'tion.  [Vennaesec'tio, 

o ’nis;  from  ve'na , a "vein,”  and  sc’co, 
sec’ turn,  to  "cut.”]  The  minor  operation 
of  opening  a vein  with  a lancet,  other- 
wise called  phlebotomy ; a bleeding  or 
blood-letting. 

Venom.  [Lat.  Vene'num:  Fr. 

Venin,  veh-naN°'.]  Poison.  Usually 
applied  to  the  poison  secreted  by  certain 
animals;  as  that  of  poisonous  serpents, 
of  the  spider,  wasp,  etc. 

Ven'o-mous.  [From  vene'num, 
"poison.”]  Poisonous.  Usually  ap- 
plied to  certain  noxious  animals. 

Ve'nose.  [Veno'sns;  from  ve’na, 
a "vein.”]  Veiny;  abounding  in  veins. 

Venous.  [Veno'sns;  from  the 
same.]  Relating  to  the  veins;  con- 
tained in  the  veins. 

Ven  ter,®  gen.  Ven'tris.  A Latin 
term  signifying  the  " stomach,”  or  "bel- 
692 


ly.”  (Fr.  Ventre,  voNtR.)  Also  applied 
to  the  "womb.” 

Ven'ter  I mus.*  ("Lowest  Belly.”) 
Another  name  for  the  Abdomen,  which 
see. 

Ven-li-la'tlon.  [Ventila'tio,  o 'nis; 
from  ven’tilo,  ventila' turn,  to  " blow,”  to 
"fan.”]  The  act  of  ventilating  or  re- 
newing the  air  of  apartments,  etc. ; the 
art  of  conveying  currents  of  fresh  air 
through  apartments,  or  confined  places, 
so  as  to  maintain  the  atmosphere  in  a 
state  of  purity. 

Ventouse,  voN«'tooz\  The  French 
for  "cupping-glass.”  See  Cucurbitula. 

Ven'tral.  [Ventra'lis;  from  ven'- 
ter, the  " belly.”]  Belonging  to  the 
belly;  abdominal.  In  Botany,  relating 
to  the  inner  side  of  a simple  pistil,  viz. 
that  side  next  the  axis. 

Ven'tral  Su'ture  (of  a pistil  or 
pericarp).  The  inner  suture,  or  that 
next  the  axis  of  the  flower. 

Ventre.  See  Venter,  and  Sto- 
mach. 

Ven'tri-cle.  [Ventrie'wlus;  dimi- 
nutive of  ven'ter,  the  " belly.”]  Applied 
to  certain  cavities  of  the  brain  and  of 
the  heart.  See  Heart. 

Ven'lricle  of  the  L&r'ynx.  [Ven- 
tric'ulus  Laryn'gis,  plural  Ven- 
tric'uli  I^aryn'gis.]  A depressed 
fossa  situated  immediately  above  the 
horizontal  projection  of  the  chorda  voca- 
lis  at  each  side. 

Ven'tri-cose.  [Ventrico'sus ; from 
ven'ter,  the  "belly.”]  Having  a swelled- 
out  appearance,  like  a belly;  big-bellied. 
See  Urceolate. 

Ven-tric'n-li,*  gen.  Ven-tric-u- 
lo'rum,  the  plural  of  Ventricle  us. 

Ventric'uli  Tri-cor'nes.®  ("  Tliree- 
IIorned  Ventricles.”)  A designation  of 
the  two  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain. 
See  Tricorne. 

Ven-tric'u-lus.*  [Diminutive  of 
ven'ter,  the  " belly.”]  The  stomach  : the 
principal  organ  of  digestion.  See  Sto- 
mach. Also,  a Ventricle,  which  see. 

Ven-tril'o-qussin.  [From  ven'ter, 
the  " belly,”  or  " stomach,”  and  lo'quor , 
to  " speak ;”  because  it  often  seems  as  if 
the  voice  were  formed  in  the  stomach  or 
chest,  and  not  in  the  mouth.]  Tho 
utterance  of  the  voice  in  such  manner 
within  the  mouth  that,  by  varying  its 
tones  in  imitation  of  the  voices  of  others, 
and  according  to  supposed  distances  of 
the  speakers,  but  without  perceptible 
motion  of  the  lips,  perfect  illusion  is 
produced ; also  called yastroloqn'.sm.  Ono 


YEN' 


VER 


possessing  the  power  of  ventriloquism  is 
termed  a ventriloquist. 

VentriBoquist.  See  Ventriloquism. 

Veu-tril'o-quous.  [Veutril'o- 
quus.J  Relating  to,  or  having  the 
power  of,  ventriloquism. 

Veil' t rose.  [Ventro'sus;  from 
ven'ter , a “ belly.”]  Having  a belly,  or 
swellings  like  the  belly.  See  Gastrodes. 

Veu'u-la.*  [Diminutive  of  vc'na,  a 
“vein.”]  A little  vein. 

Ve'iius,*  gen.  Veu'e-ris.  (The 
goddess  of  beauty  and  love.)  An  an- 
cient name  of  copper,  which  was  so 
called  because  this  metal  was  originally 
procured  in  great  quantities  in  the  island 
of  Cyprus,  the  favorite  abode  of  Venus. 
Also,  a term  for  sexual  love.  See 
Venereal. 

Ve'nus,  Crys'taBs  of.  A common 
name  for  the  crystallized  acetate  of  cop- 
per. 

Ver,  v£r.  The  French  for  “worm.” 
See  Vermis. 

Ve-ra  tri-a,*  or  Ver'a-trio,  Ver-a- 
tri'na.*  [From  Vcra'trum.]  The  Phar- 
macopoeial  name  ||  for  a vegetable  alkali 
obtained  from  subadilla.  It  is  very 
poisonous. 

Ve-rat'ric.  [Verat'ricus.]  Belong- 
ing to  veratria. 

V e-ra' t rum.-  A Linnaean  genus  of 
the  class  Poly  gamut,  natural  order  Me- 
lanfhctcese.  Also,  the  Pharmacopoeial 
name  (Bond.,  Ed.,  and  Dub.  Ph.)  for 
the  root  of  Veratrum  album. 

Yera'trnm  Album.*  Ver  at  rum,  or 
white  hellebore;  also  termed  Hellcborus 
albus.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S. 
Ph.)  for  the  rhizoma  of  the  Veratrum 
album.  It  is  a violent  emetic  and 
cathartic;  in  small  doses  it  is  a general 
stimulant  to  the  secretions. 

Vera' tram  Sab-a-diPla.*  The 
name  of  one  of  the  plants  which  afford 
sa  bad  ilia. 

Vera'*  ram  VIr'I-de.*  American 
hellebore.  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  rhizoma  of  the  Vera- 
trum  viride.  It  is  a violent  emetic. 

Verbenacese,*  ver-be-na'she-e.  A 
natural  order  of  exogenous  plants,  com- 
mon in  the  tropics  of  both  hemispheres, 
and  in  the  temperate  parts  of  South 
America.  It  includes  the  Verbena , Vitcx, 
and  Tectoua  (Teak),  a large  tree  of  India 
which  is  perhaps  the  best  timber  for 
ship-building  in  the  world. 

Verd  Antique,  verd  an-teek'.  A 
beautiful  mottled  green  marble,  or  aggre- 
gate of  marble  and  serpentine. 


Verdigris,  ver'de-gress.  [Lat.  AE- 
ru'go;  Fr.  Vert-de-gris,  veRdeh-gR^'.] 
A common  name  for  the  subacetate  of 
copper  ( Cuj)ri  subacetas).  It  occurs  in 
masses  of  a pale-green  color,  almost 
wholly  soluble  with  the  aid  of  heat  in 
dilute  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  used  exter- 
nally as  a detergent  and  escharotic,  and 
is  occasionally  applied  to  chronic  erup- 
tions, foul  and  indolent  ulcers,  and 
venereal  warts. 

Ver'di-ter.  A blue  pigment  obtained 
by  adding  chalk  or  whiting  to  a solu- 
tion of  copper  in  nitric  acid.  It  is  a 
hydrated  percarbonate  of  copper. 

Ver 'juice.  [From  the  French  verd , 
“green,”  and  jus,  “juice.”]  (Fr.  Verjus, 
veR'zhii'.)  The  juice  of  green  or  unripe 
grapes,  crab-apples,  etc. 

Ver'me&,*'  the  plural  of  Vermis, 
which  see. 

Vermicelli,  ver-me-chel'le.  [From 
ver’mis,  a “ worm.”]  An  Italian  article 
of  food  made  from  a paste  of  wheat  flour, 
cheese,  eggs,  and  sugar,  which  paste  is 
formed  into  long  wormlike  pieces  by 
forcing  it  through  holes. 

Ver-mic'u-lar.  [Vcrmicula'rfs; 
from  ver’ m is,  a “worm.”]  Wormlike  in 
shape  or  appearance. 

Ver-mic'u-late.  [Vermicula'tus; 
from  the  same.]  Resembling  a worm. 

Ver-mic-u-la'tion.  [Vermicula'- 
tio,  o’nis;  from  the  same.]  A peculiar 
motion  in  certain  parts  like  the  progres- 
sion of  a worm. 

Ver-mie'u-lose,  or  Ver-mic'u- 
lous.  [Vermiculo'sus;  from  vermic'- 
tiluSf  a “ little  worm.”]  Having  worms. 

Ver'mi-form.  [Vermifor'mis ; 

from  ver’ mis,  a “worm.”]  Formed  like 
a worm ; wormlike. 

Ver  miform  Process.  [Proces'- 
sus  Verm ifor' mis.]  Applied  to  the 
process  connecting  the  two  hemispheres 
of  the  cerebellum,  like  an  earthworm 
rolled  up. 

Ver'mI-fuge.  [Vermif 'ugus ; 

from  ver’ mis,  a “worm,”  and  fid  go,  to 
“drive  away.”]  Having  power  to  expel 
worms;  anthelmintic.  See  Antiscolic. 

Ver-mil'i-on.  [Vermil'ium.]  A 

red  pigment  of  remarkable  beauty;  the 
same  as  cinnabar,  or  bisulphuret  of  mer- 
cury. 

Ver-mi-na'tiou.  [Vermina'tio, 

o ’nis;  from  ver’ mis,  a “worm.”]  See 
Malis. 

Ver'mis,*  plural  Ver'ines.  (Fr. 

Ver,  veR.)  A worm.  Applied  in  Medi- 
cine to  an  animal  which  infests  the 
593 


VER 


VER 


intestines  of  man  and  other  animals. 
Among  the  most  common  and  important 
intestinal  worms  may  be  mentioned  the 
As'caris  lumbricoi'  des,  Oxyurus  vermicula- 
ris  (or  As'caris  vermicula'ris),  Tse'nia  la'ta , 
Tse'nia  so' lium,  and  Trichoceph'  alus,  which 
are  noticed  under  their  proper  heads. 
Often  applied  in  the  plural  ( Vermes) 
somewhat  loosely  to  a class  or  division 
of  animals  including  leeches,  earth- 
worms, snails,  etc. 

Ver-miv '©-rous.  [Vermiv'orus; 

from  ver' mis,  a “worm,”  and  vo'ro,  to 
“devour.”]  Feeding  on  worms  and 
insects. 

Ver-aiac'u-lar.  [Vernac'ulus; 

from  ver'na,  a “bondman,”  a “home- 
born  servant.”]  Native;  indigenous; 
pertaining  to  one’s  native  country. 

Ver'nal.  [Verna'lis;  from  ver,  the 
“spring.”]  Belonging  to  spring. 

Ver-na'tion.  [Verna' tio, 
from  the  same.]  The  disposition  of  nas- 
cent leaves  in  the  bud.  Also  called  Pr^e- 
foliation. 

Ver-no'ni-a  An-tli  el-inin'ti-ca.* 

An  East  Indian  plant  of  the  natural 
order  Comqyositse,  highly  commended  as 
a bitter  tonic.  The  seeds  are  used  as 
an  anthelmintic. 

V6role,  v&'rol'.  The  French  term  for 
Syphilis,  which  see. 

Ve-ron'i-ca.*  A Linnasan  genus  of 
the  class  Diandria , natural  order  Scro- 
phnlariacese , or  Pediculares. 

Veron'ica  A-quat'i-ca.*  A name 
for  Veronica  beccabunga. 

Veron'ica  Bec-ca-bun'ga.^  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  brooklime, 
or  water-pimpernel.  It  was  formerly 
much  employed  in  Medicine,  but  its  use 
of  latter  time  has  been  generally  aban- 
doned. 

Ver-ru'ca.*  A wart;  a hardening  of 
the  cuticle,  of  various  appearance.  A 
genus  of  the  order  Tumores,  class  Locales , 
of  Cullen’s  Nosology.  Also  applied  to  a 
little  knob  occurring  on  the  under  sur- 
face of  fungi. 

Ver-ru  cl-form.  [Verrucifor'- 
mis:  from  verru'ca,  a “wart.”]  Hav- 
ing the  form  of  a wart. 

Ver'ru-cose.  [Verruco'sns;  from 
the  same.]  Warty;  covered  with  warts: 
ver'rucous. 

Ver-ru'cn-lose.  [Verruculo'sus ; 

from  verru'cula,  a “little  wart.”]  Hav- 
ing small  warts:  vcrruculous. 

Ver'sa-tile.  [Versat'ilis;  from 
ver' so,  versa' turn,  to  “turn  often.”] 
Vane-like;  oscillating.  Applied  ts  an 
594 


anther  when  the  apex  of  the  filament  is 
attached  to  a point  near  its  middle. 

Ver-sic'o-lor,  o'r is.*  [From  ver- 
sus, “changed,”  and  co'lor,  “color.”] 
Changing  color,  or  having  many  tints: 
versicolored. 

Ver'te-bra,*  plural  Ver'te-brse. 

[From  ver' to,  to  “ turn.”]  A peculiarly- 
shaped  bone,  twenty-four  of  which  com- 
pose the  spine,  or  vertebral  column  and 
canal  containing  the  spinal  marrow. 
Each  vertebra  is  composed  of — 

1.  A body,  or  the  main  part,  forming 
the  centre  of  the  spine,  and  bearing  chiefly 
the  weight  of  the  body.  It  is  sometimes 
termed  the  cen'trum,  or  “centre.” 

2.  Four  articulating  processes,  by  which 
it  is  joined  to  the  next  vertebra.  These 
are  sometimes  called  oblique  processes, 
the  upper  ones  the  ascending  oblique,  the 
lower  the  descending  oblique  processes. 

3.  A spinous  process,  which  projects 
directly  backward,  those  of  the  different 
vertebrae  forming  with  their  points  the 
ridge  of  the  back : from  their  sharpness 
the  vertebral  column  is  called  the  Spine. 

4.  Two  transverse  processes,  which  stand 
out  at  right  angles,  or  laterally,  from 
the  body  of  the  vertebra. 

Ver'tebra  Den-ta'ta.*  The  axis, 
or  second  cervical  vertebra. 

Ver'te-bray*  gen.  Ver-te-bra'rum, 
the  plural  of  Vertebra,  which  see. 

Ver'tebrae,  False.  A term  applied 
to  the  various  portions  of  the  sacrum 
and  os  coccygis,  regarded  as  vertebras 
joined  together  by  ossification. 

Ver'te-bral.  [Vertebra'Iis.  J Be- 
longing to  a vertebra,  or  the  vertebras. 

Ver'tebral  Arcb,  In-fe'ri-or.  The 
same  as  Hasmal  Arch,  which  see. 

Ver'tebral  Arcb,  Su-pe'ri-or.  Ap- 
plied in  Comparative  Anatomy  to  tho 
portion  of  the  vertebra  above  (the  animal 
being  in  its  horizontal  position)  the  cen- 
trum, or  body,  forming  the  bony  archway 
or  canal  in  which  is  lodged  the  spinal 
marrow. 

Ver'tebral  Ar'te-ry.  [Arte'ria 
Vertebra'Iis.]  A large  artery,  so 
named  because  it  passes  through  a bony 
canal  formed  for  it  by  the  perforations 
of  the  cervical  vertebras.  This  and  the 
carotid  are  the  arteries  of  the  brain. 

Ver'tebral  Ca-nal'.  [Cana'lis  Ver- 
tebra'Iis.] Applied  to  the  canal  ex- 
tending through  the  length  of  the  verte- 
bral column,  and  containing  the  spinal 
marrow. 

Ver'tebral  Col'iimn.  [Lat.  Colinn'- 
na  Vertebra'Iis;  Fr.  Colonne  Vertebrate , 


VER 


VES 


ko'lonn'  veR'tVbriU'.]  Also  called  Spi'- 
nal  (ol'uinn  [Colum'na  Spina  lis], 
and  Spine  [Lat.  Spina;  Fr.  Echine , 
Ash£n'].  The  bony  column  which  forms 
the  posterior  part  of  the  skeleton,  be- 
tween the  head  and  pelvis.  It  is  com- 
posed of  twenty-four  vertebrae,  divided 
into — 

1.  The  Cervical , or  those  of  the  neck, 
seven  in  number,  characterized  by  hav- 
ing their  transverse  processes  perforated 
for  the  passage  of  the  vertebral  artery. 
The  first  of  these  is  called  the  atlas, 
from  its  immediately  supporting  the 
head  ; the  second,  the  dentata , odonto’ides, 
or  axis,  from  its  axis  or  toothlike  pro- 
cess, upon  which  it  turns;  and  the  low- 
est, vertebra  jjromineiis,  from  its  spinous 
process  being  so  much  longer  than  the 
others. 

2.  The  Dorsal,  or  those  of  the  back, 
twelve  in  number.  These  are  distin- 
guished by  having  articular  surfaces  for 
the  heads  of  the  ribs. 

3.  The  Lumbar,  or  those  of  the  loins, 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by 
their  size  and  the  length  of  the  trans- 
verse processes. 

Vertebral  Disease.  See  Spondyl- 

ARTHROCACE. 

Ver'tebral  Got'ter.  The  vertebral 
gutters  are  situated  at  the  side  of  the 
backbone,  between  the  spinous  processes 
and  the  angles  of  the  ribs. 

Ver-te-bra'ta,*  the  plural  neuter  of 
Vertebrates,  which  see. 

Vertebrates.  See  Vertebratus. 

Ver-te-bra'tus.*  Vertebrated;  hav- 
ing vertebrae.  Applied  in  the  plural 
neuter  {Vertebra' ta)  to  the  first  great 
division  of  the  animal  kingdom,  having 
a spine  formed  of  vertebrae  movable  on 
each  other,  and  each  perforated  by  an 
annular  opening  for  the  passage  of  the 
spinal  marrow. 

Ver'tex,  icis.%  [From  ver'to , to 
“turn.”]  The  summit  or  top  of  any 
thing.  In  Astronomy,  the  same  as 
zenith.  The  vertex  of  an  angle  or  cone 
is  the  angular  point,  or  that  in  which 
the  sides  of  the  angle  or  cone  intersect. 
In  Anatomy,  the  top  or  crown  of  the 
head. 

Ver'ti-cal.  [VeWfca'las ; from 
ver'tex.]  Pertaining  to  the  vertex ; di- 
rected up  and  down  ; perpendicular. 

Ver'ti-ces,*  the  plural  of  Vertex. 

Ver'ti-cil,  or  Ver'ti-cel.  [Verti- 
cil'lus;  from  ver'to,  to  “turn.”]  A 
whorl;  a set  of  organs  arranged  in  a 
circle  around  the  axis  of  a plant. 


Ver-ti^'il-late.  [Verticilla'tns.l 

Disposed  in  verticils;  whorled.  Leaves 
are  called  verticillate  when  three  or 
more  are  ranged  around  each  node. 

Ver-tl-cil-H-flo'rous.  [Verticil- 
liflo'rns;  from  verticil' Ins,  a “spindle,” 
and  jlos,  a “flower.”]  Having  spikes 
composed  of  verticils. 

Ver-ti-ci 1'lus,*  plural  Ver-ti-cil'Ii. 
A term  sometimes  applied  to  the  verte- 
brm. 

Ver-tigl-nous.  [Vertigino'sus.] 

Relating  to  vertigo. 

Ver'tl-go.  [Verti'g'O,  g'inis;  from 
ver'to,  to  “turn.”]  (Fr.  Etonrdissement , 
AtooR'd6ss'moN°'.)  Dizziness;  swimming 
of  the  head;  giddiness. 

Veriiiiioiitaiiuxn.  See  Caput  Gal- 
LINAGINIS. 

Ve-sa'ni-a,*  plural  Ve-sa'ni-se. 

[From  vesa'nus, “mad,”  “ furious.”]  Mad- 
ness. Applied  in  the  plural  to  an  order 
in  Cullen’s  Nosology,  including  diseases 
in  which  the  judgment  is  impaired,  with- 
out coma  or  pyrexia. 

Ve-si'ca.*  [From  v as,  a “vessel.”] 
A bladder.  In  ordinary  acceptation,  the 
Vesi'ca  urina'ria,  or  urinary  bladder. 
Applied  also  to  any  thing  resembling  a 
bladder. 

Vesi  ca  Fel'Iis.*  (“Bladder  of  the 
Bile.”)  See  Gall-Bladder. 

Vesi'ca  Nat-a-to  ri-a.*  (“Swim- 
ming Bladder.”)  The  air-bladder  of 
fishes,  etc. 

Ves'I-cal.  [Vesica'lis;  from  vesi'ca, 
a “bladder.”]  Having  the  appearance 
of  a bladder. 

Vesicantia,*  ves-e-kan'she-a.  See 
Vesicants. 

Ves'i-cants.  [Vesican'tia:  from 
vesi'ca,  a “bladder;”  also,  a “blister.”] 
Epispastics.  Topical  agents  which  cause 
the  exhalation  of  a thin  serous  fluid 
under  the  cuticle. 

Ves'i-cat-mg1.  [Ves'icans,  a n'fis ; 
from  the  same.]  The  same  as  Vesica- 
torius. 

Ves-i-ca'tion.  [Vesica'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  The  action  of  a vesi- 
cant; the  formation  of  a blister. 

Ves-I-ca-to'ri-wm.*  [From  the 

same.]  (Fr.  Vesicatoire,  v&'z^’k&'tw&R'.) 
A blister,  or  vesicatory. 

Ves-i-ea-to'ri-us.*  [From  the 

same.]  Having  the  property  of  raising 
a blister;  blistering:  ves'icatory. 

Vesicatory.  See  Vesicatorius,  and 
Vesicatorium. 

Ves'i-cle.  [Vesic'nla;  diminutive 
of  vesi'ca,  a “ bladder.”]  Literally,  a 
595 


VES 


VIC 


“ small  bladder;”  usually  applied  to  an 
elevation  of  the  cuticle,  containing  a clear 
watery  fluid.  Applied  in  the  plural  to 
certain  little  receptacles,  etc. 

Ves'i-cle,  ^rer'ml-nal.  A nucleated 
vesicle,  being  the  earliest-formed  part  of 
the  ovum.  Its  nucleus  is  termed  the 
germinal  sjjot. 

Ve-sic'a-la  Fel'lis.*  (“Bladder  of 
the  Bile.”)  See  Gall-Bladder. 

Ve-sic'a-lae,*  the  plural  of  Vesic'ula. 
See  Vesicle. 

Vesicalse  Oraafiunse.  See  Graafi- 
an,® Vesicul^e. 

Vesiculse  JSiabotbi.  See  Nabothi 
Glandule. 

Vesic'ulse  Sem-l-Aa'les/i:'  (“  Sem- 
inal Vesicles.”)  The  two  reservoirs  or 
receptacles  of  the  semen  situated  on 
the  back  and  lower  part  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

Ve-sic'a-lar.  [Vesfcula'ris;  from 
vesic'ula,  a “vesicle.”]  Belonging  to  or 
having  vesicles. 

Vesicale da  Fiel,  va'z^'kiil'  dii  fe-el', 
or  Vesicale  Biliaire,  v&'ze'kiil'  be'- 
le-eR'.  The  French  terms  for  Gall- 
Bladder,  which  see. 

Ves-i-ca-lif 'er-oa§.  [Vesicalif 

eras;  from  vesic'ula , a “vesicle,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “bear.”]  Bearing  vesicles. 

Ve-sie'u-loas.  [ Vesical© 'sas? 
from  vesic'ula , a “vesicle.”]  Having  or 
resembling  vesicles. 

Vesper-tine.  [From  ves'per,  “even- 
ing.”] Appearing  or  expanding  in  the 
early  evening.  Applied  to  flowers. 

Ves'sel.  (Fr.  Vaisseau,  vAso'.)  A 
canal  or  conduit  by  which  blood,  chyle, 
etc.,  are  conveyed  through  the  body  and 
organs.  (SeeVAS.)  Applied  in  Botany 
to  ducts  and  tubes.  See  Spiral  Vessels, 
and  Vascular  Tissue. 

Vessie,  v&'s6',  or  ves's<P.  The  French 
for  Urinary  Bladder,  which  see. 

Ves'ti-bnle.  [Vestib'ulum.]  Origi- 
nally, the  “porch  or  entry  to  a house.” 
Applied  to  the  small  elliptical  cavity  of 
the  internal  ear,  behind  the  cochlea,  and 
in  front  of  the  semicircular  canals. 

Veta,  va't&,  or  Puna,  poo'n&.  A dis- 
ease prevalent  in  the  elevated  districts 
of  South  America,  supposed  to  be  caused 
by  breathing  rarefied  air;  it  resembles 
sea-sickness. 

Vet'e-ri-na-rjf.  [Veterina'rius; 

from  ve'ho,  to  “carry.”]  Literally, 
“belonging  to  beasts  of  burden.”  See 
next  article. 

Vet'erinary  Mcd'I-cine.  [Mertici'- 
na  Veterlna  ria.]  The  healing  art  as 
596 


applied  to  diseases  in  horses,  cattle,  etc. ; 
anciently  called  Mulo-medicina . 

Vex'il-la-ry.  [Vexilla'ris ; from 
vexil'lum , a “banner.”]  Pertaining  to 
the  vexillum.  Applied  to  aestivation, 
when  the  vexillum  embraces  the  other 
petals. 

Vex'il-late.  [Vexilla'tus;  from 
the  same.]  Having  a vexillum.  Applied 
to  a papilionaceous  plant. 

Vex-illam.*  [From  ve'ho,  vec'tum, 
to  “carry.”]  Originally,  a standard  or 
ensign.  The  standard  or  upper  petal  of 
a papilionaceous  flower. 

Vi-a-bil'I-ty.  [See  next  article.] 
Ability  to  live. 

VI'a-ble.  [Lat.  Viab'ilis;  Fr.  Via- 
ble, vA&bl';  from  vie,  “ life.”]  A term  in 
Medical  Jurisprudence  signifying  “able 
or  likely  to  live.”  Applied  to  the  con- 
dition of  a child  at  birth. 

Vi'a?  Faeh-ry-ma'les.*  (“Lachry- 
mal Passages.”)  A collective  term  for 
the  double  apparatus  for  the  secretion 
and  excretion  of  the  tears.  This  appa- 
ratus consists  of  the  lachrymal  gland, 
lachrymal  ducts,  the  puncta  lachrymalia , 
lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal  canal. 

Vise  Prianse.  See  Prim^e  Vi^e. 

Vial.  See  Phial. 

Vi-bi'ces.*  [Plural  of  vi'bex,  the 
“mark  of  a blow.”]  Large  purple  spots 
which  appear  beneath  the  skin  in  certain 
malignant  fevers. 

VI'bra-tile.  [Vibrat'ilis ; from  vi'- 
bro,  vibra'tum,  to  “shake,”  or  “bran- 
dish.”] Having  an  oscillatory  motion; 
moving  to  and  fro,  or  from  side  to  side. 

Vi-bra/tion.  [Vibra'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  A very  rapid  move- 
ment which  an  elastic  and  rigid  rod 
fixed  at  one  of  its  extremities,  or  a cord 
stretched  at  the  two  ends,  executes  in 
oscillating.  In  Mechanics,  the  recipro- 
cating motion  of  a body,  as  a pendulum, 
musical  chord,  etc. 

Vi  bra- to- ry.  [Vibrato'rius.] 

Similar  to  Vibratile. 

Vib'ri-o.*  [From  the  same.]  A name 
given  to  minute  animalcules  developed  in 
putrefying  animal  fluids. 

Vi-bris'sse,  a 'rum  and  o' rum*  [From 
the  same.]  The  stiff  hairs  in  the  nos- 
trils. Also,  the  stiff,  long-pointed  bris- 
tles which  grow  from  the  upper  lip  and 
other  parts  of  the  head  of  mammals. 

Vl-ca'rl-ous.  [Vica'rins;  from 
vi'ci8 , “change.”]  Acting  in  the  place 
of  another,  or  taking  the  place  of  an- 
other: as,  vicarious  secretion. 

Vieq  d’Azyr  (v&k  dU'z^R'),  Cen'tra* 


VID 


VIR 


O-va'li-a  of.  The  white  substance  sur- 
rounded by  the  gray  portion  of  the  hemi- 
spheres of  the  cerebrum  when  the  upper 
parts  are  sliced  off  nearly  on  a level 
with  the  corpus  callosum. — (Mayne.) 

Vid'X-an  Nerve.  The  third  or  pos- 
terior branch  of  the  spheno-palatine. 

Vie,  vA  The  French  term  for  Life, 
which  see. 

Vieillesse,  ve-Ayess',  or  ve-el'ye3s'. 
The  French  word  for  “old  age.”  See 
Senectus. 

Vieus'sens  (ve-u'sens),  Centrum 
O-va'le  of.  The  white  substance  sur- 
rounded by  the  gray  or  cortical  portion 
of  the  cerebrum  when  both  hemispheres 
are  sliced  off  quite  on  a level  with  the 
corpus  callosum. — (Mayne.) 

Vigilance.  See  Pervigilium. 

Vii-Iif  'er-ous.  [Villif'erus;  from 
villus,  “wool,”  or  “shaggy  hair,”  and 
fe'ro,  to  “ bear.”]  Bearing  long  hairs. 
Applied  to  plants. 

Vil-lose',  or  Vil'lous.  [Villo'sns; 

from  villus,  “wool,”  or  “hair.”]  Shaggy 
with  long  and  soft  hairs.  Applied  to 
stems,  etc. 

Vil'lus,* plural  Til'll.  [From  vel'lus, 
a “fleece  of  wool”?]  Originally,  “hair,” 
or  the  “nap  of  cloth.”  Applied  in  the 
plural  to  the  small  conical  projections  on 
the  valvulse  count rentes,  having  small  pores 
which  are  the  mouths  of  the  absorbent 
vessels.  In  Botany,  a hairy  pubescence 
composed  of  slender  and  soft,  hair-like 
filaments. 

Vi-min'e-ous.  [From  vlrnen,  an 
“osier”  or  “twig.”]  Bearing  or  resem- 
bling long  and  flexible  twigs  like  wicker. 

Vine.  [Vin'ea;  from  vi'num,  “wine.”] 
Any  trailing,  climbing,  or  twining  stem. 
Vine,  originally  and  properly,  is  applied 
to  the  Grape-vine. 

Vinegar.  See  Acrtum. 

Vinegar,  Mother  of.  See  Mother 
of  Vinegar. 

Vl-nif'er-ous.  [Vinif'erus:  from 
vi'num,  “wine,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Wine-bearing  or  wine-yielding.  See 
Vitis  Vinifera. 

Vi  nous.  [Vino'sus;  from  vi'num, 
“wine.”]  Relating  to,  or  resembling, 
wine. 

Vi'num.*  A Latin  word  for  wine,  the 
juice  of  the  grape.  See  Wine. 

Vinum  Album.  See  Vinum  Xeri- 
cum. 

Vi'num  An-ti-mo'ni-i.-  (“Wine 
of  Antimony.”)  See  Antimonial  Wine. 

Vi'num  Por-ten'se,*  or  Vi'num 
Ru'brum*  (“Red  Wine”),  1850.  The 
51 


Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  port 
wine. 

Vi'num  X£r'i-cum.*  The  Phar- 
macopoeia! name  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  for 
sherry  wine,  otherwise  called  Vinum  album 
and  Vi'num  album  Hispa'num. 

Vi'o-la.*  [From  Tor,  a “violet.”]  A 
Linnsean  genus  of  the  class  Pentandria , 
natural  order  Violacex.  Also,  the  Phar- 
macopoeial name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  herb 
of  Viola  pedata;  (Lond.  and  Ed.  Ph.) 
for  the  flowers  of  the  Vi'ola  odora'ta,  or 
sweet  violet.  It  is  a demulcent  and  ex- 
pectorant. 

Vi'ola  Uo-ni'na.*  Dog  Violet.  A 
plant  the  root  of  which  is  emetic  and 
cathartic. 

Vi'ola  Od-o-ra'ta.*  The  sweet  vio- 
let. See  Viola. 

Violacese,*  vi-o-la'she-e.  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  plants,  natives  of 
many  temperate  regions.  Emetic  pro- 
perties are  generally  possessed  by  the 
roots  of  this  order,  which  includes  the 
Viola  (Violet). 

Vi-o-la  ceous.  [Viola'ceus.]  Re- 
sembling the  violet. 

Vi'o-let,  Sweet.  The  Viola  odor  at  a. 

Viper,  or  Vipfcre.  See  Coluber 
Berus. 

Vir,*  gen.  Vi'ri.  A Latin  word  sig- 
nifying a “man”  (or  “male”),  as  distin- 
guished from  a woman ; while  Homo 
signifies  man  (human  being),  when  refer- 
ence is  made  to  the  race  without  respect 
to  sex.  See  Homo. 

Vi 'res,*  gen.  Vir'I-um.  The  plural 
of  Vis,  which  see. 

Vi-res'^ent.  [From  vires' co,  to  “be- 
come green.”]  Somewhat  green. 

Vir'gate.  [Virga'tus;  from  vir'ga , 
a “rod.”]  Having  the  form  of  a rod; 
wand-like. 

Vir'gin  Oil.  The  substance  which 
flows  first  from  the  pulp  of  the  ripe  juice 
of  the  olive,  on  expression. 

Vir-gl-ua'le  Claus'trum.*  A name 
sometimes  applied  to  the  Hymen. 

Vir-gin'i-an  Snake'-root.  The 
Aristolochia  serpentaria.  See  Serpen- 

TARIA. 

Vir'gin’s  Milk.  A cosmetic  pre- 
pared by  mixing  one  drachm  of  simple 
tincture  of  benzoin  with  four  ounces  of 
water. 

Vir-gul'tum.*  [From  vir'ga,  a 
“rod.”]  A twig  or  young  shoot. 

Vi'ri,*  gen.  Vl-ro'rum,  the  plural 
of  Vir,  which  see. 

Vir'i-de  JE'ris.*  (The  “Green  of 
Brass.”)  Another  term  for  Verdigris. 

597 


VIR 


YIT 


Vir-I-des'^ent.  [From  vir’idis, 
“ green.”]  The  same  as  Virescent, 
which  see. 

Vir-i-(li-floros.;:  [From  vir'idis, 

“ green/’  and  Jios,  a “ flower/’]  Having 
flowers  of  a green  color. 

Vir'I-din.  [Viridi'iia;  from  vir'i- 
dis, “ green.”]  Proposed  by  De  Can- 
dolle for  Chromule,  which  see. 

Vi'rile.  [Viri'lis;  from  vir,  a 
“man.”]  Belonging  to  a man;  peculiar 
to  man,  as  distinguished  from  woman. 

Virile  lembrum.  See  Membrum 
Virile. 

Virilis  AEtas.  See  JEtas  Yirilis. 

Vl-ril'i-ty.  [Viril'itas,  a 'tie;  from 
vir'iiis,  “proper  to  man.”]  Manhood; 
full  age.  Usually  applied  to  the  genera- 
tive power  of  man. 

Vir'u-lent.  [Virulen'tus;  from  in'- 
rus,  a “poison.”]  Poisonous;  malignant. 

Vi'  ms.*  [From  vis , plural  vi'res, 
“strength.”]  Literally,  “poison.”  Ap- 
plied to  any  matter  produced  by  disease, 
and  capable  of  propagating  that  disease 
by  inoculation  or  contagion. 

Vis,*  plural  Vi'res.  A Latin  word 
signifying  “force,”  or  “power.” 

Vis  a Ter'go.*  Literally,  “force 
from  behind.”  Any  impelling  power. 

V is  For-ma-ti'  va»*  (“Form  ati ve 
Power.”)  The  formative  power  or  in- 
fluence which  is  supposed  to  preside  over 
the  nourishment  and  growth  of  the  body, 
and  the  performance  of  its  various  func- 
tions. 

Vis  Isiertise*  (in-er'she-e).  (“'Force 
of  Inertia.”)  See  Inertia. 

Vis  Med-I-ca'trix  (or  Fon-ser-va'- 
trix)  Na-tu'rse.*  The  healing  or  pre- 
serving power  of  nature. 

Vis  Mor'tu-a.*  (“Dead  Force.”) 
That  property  by  which  a muscle  con- 
tracts after  the  death  of  the  animal  to 
which  it  belongs,  or  after  it  has  been  cut 
from  a living  body. 

Vis  Jfer've-a.*  (“Nervous  Force  or 
Power.”)  The  name  given  by  Ilaller  to 
that  power  in  the  muscular  fibre  which 
enables  it  to  receive  impressions  con- 
veyed to  it  by  the  nerves. 

Vis  Vi'tse,*  or  Vis  Va-ta'lis.*  Vital 
power  or  force.  See  Irritability. 

Vis'$e-ra,*  the  plural  of  Viscus. 

Vis'$e-ral.  [Viscera'lis;  from  vis' - 
cits,  vis' eerie,  a “bowel.”]  Belonging  to 
the  viscera.  See  Splanchnic. 

Vis'^id.  [Vis'cidus;  from  vis' cum, 
“birdlime.”]  Clammy,  gluey,  adhesive. 

Vis-^id'I-ty,  Vis-cosi-ty.  [Vis- 
cid itas,  a 'tie,  or  Viscos'itas,  a 'tie; 

598 


from  the  same.]  The  property  of  ad- 
hesiveness;  stickiness  or  clamminess. 

Vis'coid.  [Viscoi'des;  from  vis' cum, 
the  “mistletoe,”  and  ciiog,  a “form.”] 
Resembling  the  mistletoe. 

Vis'cous.  [Visco'sus;  from  vis' cum, 
“birdlime.”]  Very  glutinous;  adhesive; 
sticky. 

Vis'cus,*  or  Vis'cum.*  [Gr.  i%og,  or 
Mol  /Juwcdj.]  The  fruit  of  the  mistletoe, 
or  Viscinn  album.  A Linnman  genus  of 
the  class  Dioecia,  natural  order  Loran- 
thacese. 

Vis'cus  (tuer'ens,*  or  Vis'cum 
Al'bum.*  The  mistletoe,  a parasitical 
plant  growing  on  the  oak,  and  other 
trees. 

Vis'cus,  crt8,*  plural  Vis'^e-ra.  Any 
large  organ  contained  in  the  splanchnic 
cavities,  such  as  the  lungs,  liver,  spleen, 
etc.  In  the  plural,  it  signifies  entrails. 

Vi'sion.  [Vi'sus  and  Vi'sio,  o 'uis; 
from  vi'deo,  vi'sum,  to  “see.”]  (Fr.  Vue, 
vtt.)  Sight;  the  faculty  of  seeing;  the 
act  of  seeing;  also,  something  which  is 
the  object  of  sight;  an  apparition.  In 
the  act  or  process  of  vision,  the  lens  of 
the  eye  casts  an  image  upon  the  retina 
similar  to  that  thrown  upon  the  screen 
of  a camera  obscura.  From  the  retina 
the  impression  is  conveyed  by  the  optic 
nerve  to  the  brain. 

Vision,  defective,  or  Depraved. 

See  Dysopsia. 

Vision,  Distorted.  See  Metamor- 

PHOPSIA. 

Vision,  Double.  See  Diplopia. 

Vision,  Single.  See  Monoblepsis. 

Vision,  Treble.  See  Triplopia. 

Visual,  vizh'u-al.  Pertaining  to,  or 
used  in,  vision. 

Vis'ual  Angle,  in  Optics,  is  the 
angle  under  which  an  object  is  seen,  or 
the  angle  formed  at  the  eye  by  the  rays 
of  light  coming  from  the  extremities  of 
an  object. 

Vis'ual  Rays.  The  lines  of  light 
coming  from  an  object  to  the  eye. 

Visus.  See  Vision. 

Vi'sus  Trip'lex.*  (“  Triple  Vision.”) 
The  same  as  Triplopia,  which  see. 

Vi'ta.*  [From  (iiori ),  “life,”  or  “means 
of  living.”]  The  state  of  existence  or 
being;  life.  See  Life. 

Vi'ta  Pro'prl-a.*  Sometimes  used 
as  synonymous  with  Irritability.  See 
Nisus  Formativus. 

Vitacese,*  vi-ta'<rhe-e,  or  Vi'te&.* 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants 
(climbing  shrubs),  natives  of  the  milder 
and  hotter  parts  of  both  hemispheres. 


VIT 


VIV 


The  most  important  genus  of  this  order 
is  the  Vi'tis  (Grape-vine). 

Vi'tal.  [Vita'lis;  from  vi'ta,  “life.”] 
Belonging  or  essential  to  life. 

Vi'tal  Air.  A name  for  oxygen  gas. 

Vital  Functions.  See  Functions. 

Vi'tal  Prin'cl-ple.  [Princip'ftum 
Vi'ta*.]  That  on  which  life  depends; 
the  unknown  cause  of  life. 

Vi-tal'I-ty.  [From  vi'ta,  “life.”]  The 
principle  of  life;  vital  action,  or  vital 
power. 

Vi'ta-lize.  [From  vi'ta,  “life.”]  To 
animate;  to  endow  with  life. 

Vi'tals.  [Vita'lia.]  A term  applied 
to  the  heart,  lungs,  brain,  etc. 

Vi-tel-lif 'er-otis.  [Vitellif 'erns ; 
from  vitel'lus,  and  fe’ro , to  “bear.”] 
Provided  with  a vitellus.  Applied  to  cer- 
tain plants. 

Vi-tel'lo-In-tes'ti-nal  Duct.  [From 
vitel'lus.]  A wide  duct  by  means  of 
which  the  nutritive  substance  of  the 
yolk  enters  the  alimentary  canal  for  the 
nutrition  of  the  embryo. 

Vi- tel 'lus.*  [From  vi'ta,  “life.”] 
The  yelk  or  yolk  of  the  bird’s  egg;  also, 
the  yelk  or  yolk  of  the  ovum,  afterwards 
to  become  the  Vesieula  umbilicalis.  In 
Botany,  the  thickened  embryo-sac  per- 
sistent in  the  seed,  as  in  So  uni' r us. 

Vi'tes,*  the  plural  of  Vi'tis,  forming 
the  Jussieuan  name  of  an  order  of  plants. 
See  Vitaceas. 

Vitia  Fouformationis,*  vish'e-a 
kon-for-ma-she-o'nis.  (“Faults  or  De- 
fects of  Conformation.”)  A term  signi- 
fying malformations. 

Vit-i-lt'g'O,  inis*  A skin-disease  in 
which  there  are  smooth,  white,  glisten- 
ing tubercles  about  the  ears,  neck,  or 
face,  or  over  the  whole  body,  mingled 
with  shining  papulae.  Also,  a name  for 
leprosy. 

VI-til'X-goid.  [Vitiligoi'des;  from 
vitili'go,  and  eiSog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling vitiligo. 

Vi'tis.*  A Linnaean  genus  of  the 
class  Pentandria,  natural  order  Vita- 
cese. 

Vi'tis  Vi-uif'e-ra.*  (“Wine-bear- 
ing Vine.”)  The  systematic  name  of 
the  common  Vine  of  Europe. 

Vit.  Ov.  Sol.  See  V.  0.  S. 

Vit're-ous.  [Vit'reus;  from vi'tnim, 
“glass.”]  Of,  or  pertaining  to,  glass; 
glassy;  hyaline.  • 

Vit're-ous  Hu  mor  [Hu'mor  Vit'- 
reus]; called,  also,  For'pus  Vit're-um* 
(“Vitreous  Body”).  The  name  applied 
to  +he  transparent  gelatinous  substance 


which  fills  the  back  part  of  the  eye  be- 
hind the  crystalline  lens. 

Vit-ri-fac'tion.  The  same  as  Vitrp 
fication. 

Vit-rl-fi-ca'tion.  [Vitrifica'tio, 

o'nis;  from  vi'tnim,  “glass,”  and  fa' do, 
to  “make.”]  The  act  or  process  of  vit- 
rifying, or  converting  into  glass. 

Vit'ri-ol.  [Vitri'olum;  from  vi'- 
trum , “glass.”]  A term  applied  to  the 
sulphates  of  iron,  copper,  zinc,  accord- 
ing to  their  respective  color,  as  green, 
blue,  and  white  vitriol;  named  from 
their  glass-like  appearance.  Also,  a 
popular  term  for  sulphuric  acid. 

Vit'riol,  A^'icl  of.  Sulphuric  or 
vitriolic  acid. 

Vit'riol,  Blue.  [Vitri'olum  fre- 
ru'leum.]  The  sulphate  of  copper. 
See  Cupri  Sulphas. 

Vit'riol,  Green.  [Vitri'olum Vir'- 
i«le.]  The  sulphate  of  iron  : copperas. 

Vit'riol,  Oil  of.  An  old  name  for 
sulphuric  acid,  given  because  it  was  for- 
merly obtained  by  distillation  from  green 
vitriol  (sulphate  of  iron,  or  copperas). 

Vit'riol,  White.  [Vitri'olum  Al'- 
bum.]  The  common  term  for  sulphate 
of  zinc.  See  Zinci  Sulphas. 

Vit-ri-ol  ic  A^'i<l.  Sulphuric  acid. 

Vitriolum.  See  Vitriol. 

Vit-ro'sus.*  [From  vi'tnim,  “glass.”] 
The  same  as  Vitreous,  which  see. 

Vi'trum.*  A Latin  word  signifying 
“ glass.” 

Vi'trum  An-ti-mo'ni-i.*  (“Glass 
of  Antimony.”)  A reddish-brown-colored 
glass  obtained  by  first  calcining  anti- 
mony and  then  meeting  it  in  a crucible. 
It  is  employed  in  preparing  tartarized 
antimony. 

Vivianiacese,*  viv-e-an-e-a'she-e. 
[From  Vivia'nia,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A small  natural  order  of  exogenous 
plants,  natives  of  Brazil  and  Chili. 

Vi-vip'a-rous.  [Vivip'arus;  from 
vi'vus,  “alive,”  and  pa’rio,  to  “bring 
forth.”]  Bringing  forth  young  alive.  In 
Botany,  germinating  from  the  seed,  or 
sprouting  from  a bulb,  etc.,  while  still 
attached  to  the  parent  plant. 

Viv-i-pa'lion.  [Vivipa'tio,  o'nis; 
from  the  same.]  A term  applied  to  the 
mode  of  generation  which  consists  in 
the  ovum,  when  separated  from  the  ovary, 
becoming  attached  to  the  maternal  or- 
gans, and  deriving  its  nourishment  from 
them  until  birth.  Otherwise  termed  vi- 
viparous generation. 

Viv-i-sec'tion.  [Vivisec'tio,  o'nis; 
from  vi'vus , “alive,”  and  se'co,  see' turn, 
599 


voc 


VOM 


to  “cut.”]  The  cruel  practice  of  cutting 
into  or  dissecting  living  animals. 

Vo'cal.  [Voca'lis;  from  vox,  vo'cis, 
the  “ voice/’]  Pertaining  to  the  voice, 
or  uttered  by  the  voice. 

Vo'cal  Chords,  or  Vo'cal  Iag'a- 
ments,  The  same  as  Chords  Vocales, 
which  see. 

Vocliyacese,*  vo-ke-a'she-e.  [From 
Vo'chya , one  of  the  genera.]  A natural 
order  of  exogenous  trees  and  shrubs, 
found  in  equinoctial  America. 

Voice.  [Lat.  Vox,  Vo'cis:  Gr.Quvfj ; 
Fr.  Voix , vw&.]  The  sound  produced  in 
the  larynx  by  means  of  the  air  which 
passes  out  of  the  trachea. 

Vo-lat'ic.  [Volat'icus;  from  vo'lo , 
vola'tnm , to  “fly.”]  Flying;  flitting. 

Vol'a-tile.  [Volat'ilis;  from  the 
same.]  Evaporating;  flying  off;  dis- 
posed to  pass  off  by  spontaneous  evapor- 
ation. 

Vol'atile  Al'lta-li,  or  Vol'atile 
Salt.  The  same  as  Ammonia,  which  see. 

Vol-a-til  i-ty.  [Volatil'itas,  a 'tis; 
from  volat'ilis , “volatile.”]  The  state 
of  being  volatile.  That  property  by 
which  certain  bodies  assume  the  elastic 
state. 

Vol-a-til-i-za'tion.  [Volatilaza- 
tio,  o'nis;  from  the  same.]  The  trans- 
formation of  a solid  body  into  gas  or 
vapor. 

Vol-can'ic.  Pertaining  to  a volcano, 
or  produced  by  a volcano. 

Vol-ca'no.  [From  Vulcn'nus , or  Vol- 
ca'nus,  the  god  of  fire,  and  of  smiths: 
he  was  supposed  to  have  his  workshops 
in  volcanic  mountains.]  A mountain  or 
hill  having  at  the  top  a cup-shaped  cavity, 
called  a crater,  from  which  issue  flames 
of  fire,  steam,  and  gases  of  various  kinds, 
and  sometimes  streams  of  red-hot  lava, 
masses  of  melted  rock,  stones,  ashes,  and 
scoriae. 

Vo-li'tion.  [From  vo’lo,  obsolete 
supine  voVitnm,  to  “will,”  to  “desire.”] 
The  act  of  willing,  or  choosing. 

Vol-sel'la.*  [From  vel'lo , vul'snm , 
to  “pull.”]  An  instrument  for  removing 
bodies  sticking  in  the  throat;  forceps. 
Also  spelled  Vuhella . 

Vol-ta'ic.  Applied  to  a galvanic  ap- 
paratus or  battery  invented  by  Volta. 
See  Galvanic. 

Volta-ism.  [Voltais'Bmns.]  Gal- 
vanism, as  produced  by  Volta’s  appara- 
tus. See  Galvanism. 

Vol-tam'e-ler.  [ Volflmi'efi’iim ; 

from  VoV taism,  and  firpov,  a “measure.”] 
An  instrument  for  indicating  the  amount 
600 


of  voltaic  electricity  passing  through  it 
in  a given  time. 

Vol'n-Me.  [Voln'bilis;  from  vol’vo, 
volu'tum,  to  “roll.”]  Apt  to  roll.  In 
Botany,  turning  round  spirally;  twi- 
ning. 

Volume.  [Volu  men.  inis;  from 
the  same.]  Originally,  a roll  of  manu- 
script, which  was  the  form  of  ancient 
books.  A book  or  bundle.  In  Chemis- 
try, the  bulk  or  dimension  of  gases.  The 
space  which  a fluid  occupies  is  called  its 
volume. 

Def'inite  Vol'umfs.  The  union  of 
gases  is  always  effected  in  simple  pro- 
portions of  their  volumes : a volume  of 
one  gas  combines  with  an  equal  volume, 
or  twice,  three,  four,  or  five  times  the 
volume,  of  another  gas,  and  in  no  inter- 
mediate proportion.  This  is  called  the 
law  of  definite  volumes. 

Vol'un-ta-ry.  [From  voluntas,  the 
“will.”]  Relating  to  the  will;  sponta- 
neous; acting  or  moving  in  obedience  to 
the  will. 

Vo-lute'.  [From  vol'vo,  volu'tum,  to 
“roll.”]  Rolled  up.  Applied  to  parts 
of  plants. 

Vol'va.*  [From  the  same.]  The 
membranous  cover  or  wrapper  enclosing 
a young  fungus. 

Vol'vate.  [Volva'tus.]  Provided 

with  a volra. 

Vol'vu-lus.*  [From  vol'vo,  to  “roll.”] 
The  same  as  Ileac  Passion,  which  see. 

Vomer,  eris*  A “ploughshare.” 
Applied  to  a small  thin  bone  in  the  median 
line,  forming  the  posterior  and  principal 
portion  of  the  septum  navi  urn. 

Yom  i-ca,:  plural  Voin'i-^se.  [From 
vo'mo,  to  “ vomit  or  expectorate.”]  Ab- 
scess of  the  lungs;  resolution  of  tu- 
bercles. 

Voin'I-cns.*  [From  the  same.]  Per- 
taining to,  or  causing,  vomiting. 

Voiniquier,  vo'm^'keA'.  The  French 
name  for  Strychnos,  which  see. 

Vomissement.  See  Vomiting. 

Vom'it.  [Vom'itus;  from  vo'mo , 
rom'itum , to  “vomit.”]  An  emetic  draught 
or  powder;  also,  the  matter  rejected  by 
vomiting.  See  Emetic,  and  Vomiting. 

Vom  it-ing’.  [ Vomi'tio,  o'»/sy  from 
the  same.]  (Fr.  Vomissement,  vo'm&ss’- 
moN®'. ) The  forcible  ejection  of  the 
contents  ot  the  stomach  through  the 
oesophagus  and  mouth;  vomition:  em- 
esis. 

Vomiting  of  Blood.  See  Hasma- 

temesis. 

Vomition.  See  Vomiting. 


VOM 


WAT 


Vomito  Nig-ro,  vom'e-to  nee'gRo. 
(“Black  Vomit.”)  A Spanish  name  for 
yellow  fever. 

Vom-i-to'rl-a.*  [See  next  article.] 
Emetics;  agents  which  produce  vomit- 
ing. 

Vom'I-to-ry.  [Vomito'rius;  from 
vo'mo,  vom'itum,  to  “vomit.”]  Causing 
vomiting;  emetie.  See  Emetic. 

Vomituritio,*  vom-e-tu-rish'e-o. 
[From  the  same.]  Retching;  an  in- 
effectual effort  to  vomit.^ 

Yom'I-tus  Cru-en'tus.*  (“Bloody 
Vomit.”)  See  H^ematemesis. 

Vo-ra'cious.  [Vo'rax,  a 'efts;  from 
vo'ro,  to  “devour.”]  Devouring;  rave- 
nous; extremely  hungry. 

Voracious  Appetite.  See  Vo- 
racity. 

Vo-ra^'I-ty,  or  Vo-ra'cious-ness. 

[From,  vo'ro , to  “devour.”]  Greediness 
for  food.  Also,  the  disease  termed  Bu 
hmia.  See  Addephagia. 

Vor'tex,*  plural  Vor'ti-ces.  [From 
vcr'to.  to  “turn.”]  A Latin  word  signi 
fying  a “whirlpool.”  In  the  Cartesian 
philosophy,  vortex  signifies  a collection 
of  material  particles  forming  a fluid  or 
ether,  endowed  with  a rapid  rotary  motion 
about  an  axis. 

Vor'ti-ces,*  the  plural  of  Vortex. 

V.  O.  S.,  or  Vit.  Ov.  Scl.  = ViteVlo 
o' vi  8olu'tu8 .*  “ Dissolved  in  the  yolk 

of  an  egg.” 

Vox.  See  Voice. 

Vox  Ab-s<£is'sa*  (literally,  “voice 
cut  off”).  Loss  of  voice. 

Vox  Cliolerica.  See  Cholerophone. 

V.  S.  = Venxsec'tio*  “Venesection.” 

Vue,  vii.  The  French  term  for  Vision, 
which  see. 

Vulcanization.  See  Vulcanizing. 

Vul  ea-niz-er.  A name  for  the  steam 
apparatus  used  in  vulcanizing. 


Vul'ca-niz-lng.  [From  Vul'can , 
the  god  of  fire.]  A process  by  which 
caoutchouc  and  some  other  substances 
combined  with  sulphur,  and  exposed  to 
the  action  of  steam  at  a high  tempera- 
ture, are  rendered  hard  and  elastic  like 
horn. 

Vul-ne-ra'ri-a  A 'qua.*  (“Vulne- 
rary Water.”)  A water  or  lotion  which 
promotes  the  healing  of  wounds.  See 
Arquebusade,  Eau  d\ 

Vul'ne-ra-ry.  [Vulnera'rius; 
from  vul'nus,  vuVneris , a “wound.”]  Be- 
longing to  wounds.  Applied  to  medi- 
cines which  are  supposed  to  favor  the 
healing  of  wounds. 

Vul'pisMor'bus.*  (“Fox  Disease.”) 
A name  for  Alopecia,  which  see. 

Vul'tus,*  anciently  written  Vol'tus. 
[From  vol'itum,  the  old  supine  of  ro'lo, 
to  “will;”  because  the  expression  of  the 
countenance  indicates  the  Wish  or  will.] 
A Latin  word  signifying  the  “counte- 
nance, look,  or  face.” 

Vul'va,*  anciently  written  Vol'va. 
[From  vol'vo , to  “roll  or  wrap  up.”]  Ori- 
ginally, “that  which  is  wrapped  round 
any  thing:”  hence,  the  “ womb  ;”  now  ap- 
plied to  the  fissure  in  the  external  parts 
of  generation  in  the  female,  extending 
from  the  mans  Ven'eris  to  the  perinaeum. 

Vul'va  Cer'e-bri.*  A small  aper- 
ture of  the  brain  forming  the  part  by 
which  the  three  ventricles  communi- 
cate. 

Vul-vi'tfis,  lefts.*  Inflammation  of 
the  vulva. 

Vulvi'tis  Blen-nor-rhag'i-ca.*  A 

muco-purulent  discharge  from  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  vulva.  See  Blen- 

NORRHAGIA. 

Vul  vo-Vag  i-iial  Gland.  A small 
gland  at  each  side  of  the  junction  of 
the  vulva  with  the  vagina. 


W. 


Wacke,  wak,  or  wak'eh.  (German.) 
A modification  of  basalt. 

Wadd,  wod.  A name  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  ores  of  manganese;  and  also 
to  plumbago. 

Wakefulness.  See  Agrypnia. 
Warm-I5k>©d'ed.  A term  applied 
to  mammals  and  birds  which  have  a two- 
fold circulation,  systemic  and  pulmonic. 
See  Diplo-Cardiac. 

Wart.  See  Verruca. 

Warty.  See  Verrucose. 

' 51* 


Wash.  See  Lotion. 

Wash,  Black.  See  Black  Wash. 

Wrast'ing.  [From  vas'to,  to  “waste,” 
or  “destroy”?]  See  Consumption,  Ema- 
ciation, and  Tabes. 

Watchfulness.  See  Agrypnia. 

WatcMng.  See  Pervigilium. 

Water.  See  Aqua. 

Water-Bed,  Arnott’s.  See  Hydro- 
static Bed. 

Wa'ter-Brash.  The  common  name 
for  Pyrosis,  which  see. 


601 


WAT 


WIL 


Wa  ter-Cure.  The  system  of  medical 
treatment  termed  Hydropathy,  which 
see. 

Water,  Distilled.  See  Aqua  De- 

STILLATA. 

Wa'ter-Dock.  The  Ru'mex  aquat'i- 
cus  or  R.  Britan'  nica  hydrolap' athum. 

WTa'ter  of  Crys-tal-li-za/tion. 

The  water  which  combines  with  salts  in 
the  act  of  crystallizing. 

Wraters,  Distilled.  See  Aquje  Stil- 
latiti^e. 

Waters,  Green.  See  Green  Waters. 

Waters,  Mineral.  See  Aqua:  Mine- 

RALES. 

Waters,  The.  The  Liquor  amnii. 
See  Primitive. 

Wa  ter-spout.  A very  remarkable 
meteorological  phenomenon  observed  for 
the  most  part  at  sea,  but  sometimes  also 
on  shore,  though  generally  near  the 
ocean.  Its  general  appearance  may  be 
described  as  follows:  from  a dense  cloud 
a conical  pillar,  which  appears  to  con- 
sist of  condensed  vapor,  is  seen  to  de- 
scend with  the  apex  downwards.  When 
over  the  sea,  there  are  usually  two 
cones, — one  projecting  from  the  cloud, 
and  the  other  from  the  water  below  it. 
These  sometimes  unite,  and  the  junction 
has  been  observed  to  be  accompanied  by 
a flash  of  lightning. 

Wa'ter-Tomes.  A name  for  pyrosis. 

Waved.  See  Undulate. 

Wax.  A name  applied  to  various 
substances.  (See  Cera,  and  Cerumen.) 
Vegetable  wax  is  a ternary  product  of 
vegetation,  occurring  as  an  excretion  on 
the  surface  of  leaves  and  fruits,  forming 
the  bloom  or  glaucous  surface  which  re- 
pels water. 

Wax-Ker'nels.  The  popular  name 
for  irritated  submaxillary  glands. 

Weaning.  See  Ablactation. 

Wedge-Shaped.  See  Cuneiform. 

Weld.  A name  for  Reseda  Luteola, 
which  see. 

Weld'ing.  The  act  of  uniting  metals 
by  the  hammer  at  a temperature  below 
fusion.  Iron  (or  steel)  and  platinum  are 
said  to  be  the  only  metals  which  can  be 
welded. 

Wen.  [Du'pia?]  An  encysted  tu- 
mor. 

Whartonian  Duct.  See  Duct  of 
Wharton. 

Wheal.  An  elevation  of  the  skin,  as 
if  produced  by  a stroke  from  a cane.  See 
Whelk. 

Wheat.  The  seeds  of  the  Trit'icum 
hyher'num . 

602 


Wheel-Shaped.  See  Rotate,  and 
Trochoid. 

Wheezing.  See  Cerchnus,  and 
Rhonchus. 

Whelk.  Similar  to  wheal;  also  ap- 
plied to  a small  tubercle  usually  situated 
on  the  face,  otherwise  called  Ionthus, 
which  see. 

Whey,hwa.  [Se'rum  Lac'tis.]  The 

fluid  part  of  milk  which  remains  after 
the  separation  of  the  curd. 

Whiskey.  See  Spiritus  Frumenti. 

White  Gum.  The  Strophulus  albi- 
dus. 

White  Dead.  See  Ceruse,  and 
Plumbi  Carbonas. 

White  Deg.  The  common  name  for 
Phlegmatia  Dolens. 

White  Pre-cip'I-tate.  The  Hy- 
drargyrum ammonia' turn  of  the  United 
States  and  British  Pharmacopoeias,  other- 
wise called  Hydrargyrum  pried  pita' turn 
al'bum  (“White  Precipitated  Mercury”), 
and  Submu'rias  hydrar'gyri  ammonia'ta 
(“Ammoniated  Submuriate  of  Mer- 
cury”). Used  as  an  external  application 
in  psora,  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

White  Swell' ing.  A common  name 
for  IIydrarthrus,  which  see. 

White  Vit'ri-ol.  The  sulphate  of 
zinc.  See  Zinci  Sulphas. 

Whi'ten-ing.  See  Blanching.  The 
carbonate  of  lime.  See  Chalk. 

Whites.  The  popular  name  for  Leu- 
corrhcea,  which  see. 

Whitlow'.  See  Onychia,  and  Pa- 
ronychia. 

WThooping-Cougli.  See  Pertus- 
sis. 

Whorl.  See  Verticil. 

Whorled.  Disposed  in  whorls;  ver- 
ticillate. 

Wild.  In  Botany,  growing  sponta- 
neously ; uncultivated. 

Wild  Cherry.  See  Prunus  Virgi- 
nian a. 

Wild  Cucumber.  See  Momordica 
Elaterium. 

Wildfire-Rash.  See  Strophulus 
Volaticus. 

Wil'lis,  Chords  of.  [Chor'dae 
Wallis'ii.]  Small,  white,  fibrous  bands 
which  in  many  places  cross  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus  of  the  brain. 

Wil'lis,  Cir'clc  of.  [Cir'culus 

WuHis'ii.]  See  Circulus. 

Will-o'-the-Wisp.  See  Ignis-Fa- 
TUUS. 

Willow.  See  Salix. 

Willow',  Crack.  See  Salix  Fragi- 
lis. 


WIL 


WOR 


Willow,  White.  See  Salix  Alba. 

Wind.  See  Flatulence. 

Wiml-Blast.  See  Coup  de  Vent. 

Wind  Brop'sy.  A name  sometimes 
applied  to  Emphysema,  which  see. 

Wind'pipe.  The  trachea. 

Wine.  [Vi'num.]  Properly,  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits 
the  juice  of  which  resembles  that  of  the 
grape.  All  products  of  spirituous  fer- 
mentation are  sometimes  denominated 
wines. 

Wine-Madness.  See  CEnomania. 

Wing*.  In  Botany,  any  membranous 
expansion.  See  Ala,  Penna,  and  Pinna. 

Winged.  See  A late,  and  Pinnate. 

Wing-like  Bones.  See  Alaria 

Ossa. 

Wing-like  Veins.  See  A lares 

Vente. 

Wing-Shaped.  See  Aliform,  Ala- 
ris,  and  Pterygoides. 

Wins  low,  Fo-ra'men  of.  [Fora'- 
men  Winslo'vii.]  A somewhat  oval 
opening,  through  which  the  cavity  of  the 
omentum  communicates  with  the  general 
peritoneal  cavity. 

Wins  low,  liig'a-ment  of.  The 

external  process  of  the  tendon  of  the 
semimembranosus  muscle. 

Wins'low,  Pos-te'ri-or  Ug'a- 
ment  of.  Irregular  bands  passing  ob- 
liquely over  the  back  part  of  the  capsu- 
lar ligament  of  the  knee-joint. 

Win-te'ra.*  [Named  from  Captain 
Winter. 1 A Linnsean  genus  of  the  class 
Polyandria,  natural  order  Magnoliacese. 

Winte'ra  Ar-o-mat  i-ca.*  The 
former  name  of  the  Dri'mys  aromat'ica, 
or  Dri'mys  Winte'ri , from  which  Winter’s 
bark  is  procured.  See  Winter’s  Bark. 

Win-te-ra'na  Ca-nel'la.*  A name 
for  Canella  alba , 

Winteranns  Cortex.  See  Winter’s 
Bark. 

Win'ter-Crreen.  The  common  name 
for  the  Chimajdi'  ila  umbella'ta ; other- 
wise called  Pyr'ola  umbella'ta,  and  Gaul- 
the'ria  procum'bens. 

Win'ter's  Bark.  [WTintera'nws 
Cor'tex.]  The  bark  of  the  Dri'mys 
aromat'ica,  or  Dri'mys  Winte'ri;  formerly 
termed  Winte'ra  aromat'ica.  It  is  a stimu- 
lant aromatic  tonic. 

Wlrt'sung,  Buct  of.  A name  for 
the  pancreatic  duct. 

Wisdom-Teeth.  See  Dentes  Sapi- 

ENTIAS, 

Withering.  See  Marc e scent. 

Woad.  A name  for  Isatis  tinctoria, 
a plant  formerly  used  to  dye  blue. 


Wolf'fi-an  Bod'ies.  [Cor'pora 
Wollliaiia,  or  Corpus  Wolflia'- 

num  in  the  singular.]  The  name  given 
to  certain  bodies  found  in  the  renal 
region  of  the  foetus  previous  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  kidneys,  the  function  of 
which  they  are  supposed  to  fulfil  during 
the  early  period  of  foetal  existence.  They 
disappear  about  the  ninth  or  tenth  week 
of  utero-gestation.  They  were  first  dis- 
covered in  fowl  and  described  by  Wolff, 
whence  their  name. 

Wolf's  Bane.  See  Aconitum  Na- 

PELLUS. 

Womb.  See  Uterus  ; also,  IIystera, 
Matrix,  and  Mktra. 

Womb,  I iiflammation  of.  See 

Hysteritis,  Metritis,  and  Uteritis. 

Womb,  Inflammation  of  the 
Fining  Membrane  of.  See  Endo- 
metritis, and  Endo-Uteritis. 

Womb-Passage.  See  Vagina. 

Womb,  Retroflex  ion  of.  See  Re- 
troflexio  Uteri. 

Womb,  Retroversion  of.  See 

Retroversio  Uteri. 

Wood.  [Fig'niim.]  The  hard 

fibrous  substance  of  which  trunks  and 
branches  of  trees  are  chiefly  composed. 
See  Sap-Wood,  and  Duramen. 

Wood-Sorrel.  A common  name  of 
the  Oxalis  Acetosella,  which  see. 

Wood  y Night  shade.  The  Sola’- 
num  dulcama'ra. 

Wood'y  Tissue,  or  Wood  y Fi'- 
bre.  A modification  of  cellular  tissue, 
consisting  of  slender,  transparent,  mem- 
branous tubes,  tapering  acutely  to  each 
end,  which  is  closed  so  that  they  have  no 
direct  communication  with  each  other. 
Woody  tissue  constitutes  a large  part  of 
trees  and  shrubs.  It  is  also  called  Pleu- 
ren'chyma. 

Woo-ra'ra.*  A very  powerful  poi- 
son obtained  from  Guiana.  Written  also 
Curare,  which  see. 

Wor'mi-i,  Os'sa*  (“  Bones  of  Wor- 
mius”),  or  Ossa  Tri-que'tra.;;:  Names 
applied  to  small  triangular  portions  of 
bone  wThich  are  often  found  in  the  lamb- 
doid,  and  sometimes  one  in  the  squamous, 
suture;  first  pointed  out  by  Wormius. 

Worms.  See  V ermis. 

Worm'seed.  See  Chenopodium  An- 
th  elm  inti  cum.  Also  applied  to  Arte- 
misia santonica. 

Worm'seed,  Tar-ta'ri-an.  A name 

for  the  seeds  of  Artemisia  santonica. 

Worm' wood.  The  common  name 
of  Artemisia  absinthium.  Its  properties 
are  tonic  and  anthelmintic. 


603 


won 


XAX 


Wort.  An  infusion  of  malt.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  a remedy  in 
scurvy. 

Wound.  [Vul  lius,  eris.']  A solu- 
tion of  continuity  in  any  of  the  soft  parts 
of  the  body,  caused  by  external  violence : 
it  may  be  contused , incised,  lacerated, 
2>tinctured,  or  poisoned. 

Contused'  Wounds.  [ VuVnera  Con- 
tu'sa.~\  Those  made  by  a violent  blow 
from  some  blunt  instrument  or  sur- 
face. 

Gun'shot  Wounds.  [ VuVnera  Sclope- 
ta'ria .]  Those  caused  by  metallic  or 
stony  bodies  projected  from  firearms. 

Incised' Wounds.  [ VuVnera  Inci'sa.] 
Those  made  by  a simple  division  of 
the  fibres  by  a sharp  cutting  instrument, 
without  contusion  or  laceration. 

Lac'erated  Wounds.  [ VuVnera  Laer- 
era.\  Those  in  which  the  fibres,  instead 
of  being  divided  by  a cutting  instrument, 
have  been  torn  asunder  by  violence,  the 
edges  being  jagged  and  irregular. 


Punc'tured  Wounds.  [ VuVnera  Punc- 
ta'ta.]  Those  made  by  a pointed  instru- 
ment, as  a needle,  thorn,  or  bayonet. 

Wrapjier.  See  Volya. 

Wrinkled.  See  Rugose. 

Wa’isberg*  (ris'beng,  or  vris'berg), 
Serves  of.  The  cutaneous  nerves  of 
the  arm,  derived  from  the  second  and 
third  dorsal  nerves;  first  particularized 
by  Wrisberg. 

Wrist,  rist.  [Lat.  Carpus;  Gr. 

icapTros;  Fr.  Poignet,  pwan'ysP,  and  Car  pc, 
kanp.]  The  part  which  connects  the 
forearm  with  the  hand.  It  includes 
eight  bones  arranged  in  two  transverse 
rows,  four  in  each  row. 

Wrist '-I>rop.  Paralysis  of  the  ex- 
tensor muscles  of  the  hands  from  the 
poisonous  local  action  of  lead,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  the  hand  and  wrist 
cannot  be  supported  ; whence  the  name. 

Wry  Jfeck.  [Torticollis.]  An 
involuntary  fixed  inclination  of  the  head 
towards  one  of  the  shoulders. 


X. 


( X at  the  beginning  of  a word  is 
always  to  be  sounded  like  Z.) 

Xaii-tliem'a-tiii.  [XautbaMuati'- 
na;  from  lavQog,  “ yellow,"  and  hsematV- 
na,  the  coloring  matter  of  logwood.] 
A yellow,  bitter  substance  obtained  by 
dissolving  haematin  in  weak  nitric  acid. 

Xaai'tliic.  [Xan'ttiiciis;  from 
j-avQds,  ‘‘yellow.’']  Belonging  to  a yellow 
color;  yellowish. 

Xaai'tliic  Ox'Iile.  Another  name 
for  uric  oxide,  a yellowish  substance 
sometimes  found  in  the  urine. 

Xaii'tlfiiii.  [XaiatSii'na ; from  \av- 
06s,  “yellow.”]  A peculiar  organic  sub- 
stance sometimes  forming  a species  of 
urinary  calculus;  also  called  xanthic,  or 
uric,  oxide,  and  urinous  acid.  Also  ap- 
plied to  the  coloring  matter  of  madder. 

Xan-tlio-ear'poais.  [Xaaithocar'- 
pais;  from  “yellow,”  and  tcapnog, 

“fruit.”]  Having  yellow  fruit. 

Xaii-tlio-cej>Ia'a-laas.*  [From  lav- 
Oo;,  “yellow,”  and  KtyaXfj,  a “head.”] 
Applied  to  a mushroom  the  capitnlum  of 
which  is  yellow  ; also,  as  a specific  name 
to  animals  having  a yellow  head. 

Xan'tho-don,  on 'tfo.*  [From  £av- 
06s,  “yellow,”  and  o5ovs,  a “tooth.”] 
Having  yellow  teeth  : xanthodon'tous. 

Xaai'tlio-gen.  [Xaiitlioge'iiimn ; 
from  lavQd;,  “yellow,”  and  yevvauo,  to 
604 


“produce.”]  A variety  of  the  coloring 
matter  of  vegetables,  producing  a yellow 
color  with  alkalies. 

Xan ' tlio-pliy  11.  [ Xaia  t liopli  y 1 

linn;  from  lavidg,  “yellow,”  and  (pvW ov, 
a “ plant.”]  The  yellow  coloring  matter 
of  plants. 

Xan-thor-rtii'za.*  (“  Yellow- 

Root.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name 
(U.S.  Ph.)  for  the  root  of  the  Xanthor - 
rhiza  apii folia.  It  is  a bitter  tonic. 

Xan -flic's is.*  [From  lavOos,  “yel- 
low.”] A coloring  matter  or  yellow 
pigment  found  in  cancer,  in  irregular 
spots  of  small  extent,  presenting  some- 
times a saffron,  at  others  an  orange, 
tint. 

Xantlioxylacese,*  zan-thox-i-la'- 
she-e.  [From  Xanthox'ylum,  one  of  the 
genera.]  A natural  order  of  exogenous 
trees  and  shrubs,  found  in  India,  China, 
and  in  the  temperate  and  tropical  parts 
of  America.  The  species  are  nearly  all 
aromatic  and  pungent. 

Xaii-tliox'y-Iiim.*  Prickly  Ash. 
The  Pharmacopoeial  name  (U.S.  Ph.)  for 
the  bark  of  the  Xanthox'ylum  fraxin'emn. 
It  is  a stimulant,  somewhat  resembling 
guaiac  and  mezereon  in  its  operation, 
and,  like  them,  is  frequently  used  as  a 
remedy  in  rheumatic  affections. 

Xaii'tliu-ret.  [Xaiitliure'tuni  \ 


XER 


YUC 


from  ZavOdg,  “yellow.”]  A combination 
of  xanthogen  with  a metal. 

Xer-o-der'nia,  a tin.*  [From  Inpdg, 
“dry,”  and  ieppa,  the  “skin.”]  A dry- 
ness and  harshness  of  the  skin,  the  con- 
sequence of  diminished  function  of  the 
sebi  parous  glands. 

Xer-oplB-tlial'mi-a.*  [From  {nfrig, 
“dry,”  and  6;[)Qa\p6g,  the  “eye.”]  An 
inflammation  of  the  eye  without  dis- 
charge. 

Xiptioid.  [Xiphoi'des;  from 
£:r/o;,  a “ sword.”]  Resembling  a sword; 
ensiform. 

Xi  phoid  Car'ti-Iage.  [Oartila'go 
Xiplioi'des.]  A cartilaginous  epiphy- 
sis forming  the  termination  of  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  sternum;  the  ensi- 
form cartilage. 

Xi-pBfioi'di-an.  [Xiphoidia'nus ; 


from  x iphoi'des  cartila'go.]  Of,  or  be- 
longing to,  the  xiphoid  cartilage. 

Xy-lo-ear'pons.  [Xylocar'pus ; 
from  %v\oi',  “wood,”  and  Kapndg,  “fruit.”] 
Having  woody  fruit. 

Xy-log'ra-pliy.  [From  £t;Aov,“  wood,” 
and  ypi'upa),  to  “write,”  or  “engrave.”] 
The  art  of  engraving  on  wood. 

Xy'Ioid.  [Xyloi'des;  from  lv\ov, 
“wood,”  and  e ifog,  a “form.”]  Resem- 
bling wood.  See  Ligniform. 

Xy-loi'din.  [Xylouli'na;  from 
the  same.]  A substance  produced  by  the 
action  of  nitric  acid  upon  starch : so 
named  because  partaking  slightly  of  the 
properties  of  wood. 

Xy-lopli'i-loiis.  [Xyloph'ilus ; 

from  $v\ os,  “wood,”  and  0<X«o,  to  “love.”] 
Growing  upon,  or  living  in,  decayed 
wood.  Applied  to  plants  and  insects. 


Y. 


Yanu.  The  esculent  root  or  tuber  of 
several  species  of  Diosco'rea,  a plant 
which  grows  in  the  East  and  West 
Indies.  The  Yam  forms  an  important 
article  of  food. 

Yarrow.  See  Achillea  Millefo- 
lium. 

Yava  (y&/va)  Skin.  A name  given 
to  Elephantiasis  Arabum,  from  its  being 
supposed  to  originate  from  drinking  the 
beverage  called  yava.  See  Elephan- 
tiasis. 

Yawning-.  See  Pandiculation. 

Yaws.  The  disease  termed  f rambcesi  a. 

Yeast.  See  Fermentum  Ce revisial 

Yeast '-Plant.  Tor'ii  la  Cerevis'ise. 
A microscopic  fungous  plant  which  is 
supposed  to  contribute  to  the  process  of 
fermentation. 

Yelk.  [Vitel'lus.]  The  yellow 
granular  mass  in  the  eggs  of  birds; 
also,  the  corresponding,  and  strictly 
analogous,  portion  of  the  ovum  of  mam- 
mals; also  called  yolk. 

Yellow.  See  Flavus. 

Yel'low  Fe'ver.  (Fr.  Fievre  Jaune, 
feAva'  [or  fe-eva']  zhon.)  A remittent 
fever,  with  yellow  skin  from  disorder  of 
the  hepatic  system:  termed  also  Ty’jyhus 
ictero'des,  and  Syn'ochus  ictero'des,  Bulam 
fever,  Vom'ito  ni'gro,  etc. 

Yel'low  Wash.  A lotion  formed  of 


two  grains  of  oxymuriate  of  mercury  to 
an  ounce  of  lime-water. 

Yest.  See  Yeast,  or  Fermentum. 

Yenk.  The  same  as  Youk. 

Yoked.  See  Conjugate. 

Yolk.  See  Yelk. 

Yonk.  Popular  (Scotch)  term  for 
Scabies ; also  called,  in  some  districts, 
Yuck. 

You  111,  yooth.  [A  contraction  of 
youngth,  the  “quality  or  state  of  being 
young,”  as  Truth  signifies  the  “quality 
of  being  true.”]  Usually  employed  in 
the  same  sense  as  adolescence.  See  AStas. 

Yt'tri-a.*  [From  Ytterby,  in  Swe- 
den.] One  of  the  primitive  earths. 

Yt'tric.  [Yt'tricus.]  Belonging 
to  yttrium. 

Yt'tri-co-Ain-mon'i-eiis,*  Y t'trl- 

co-Fo-ttas'sI-cus.*  Applied  to  combi- 
nations of  an  yttric  salt  with  a salt  of 
ammonia  and  potassa. 

Yt-trif'er-ous.  (Yttrif'erus;  from 
yt'tria,  and  fe'ro,  to  k bear.”]  Contain- 
ing yttria. 

Yt'tra-um.^  The  i^etallic  base  of 
yttria, — so  named  because  it  was  discov- 
ered at  Ytterby,  in  Sweden.  It  is  of  a 
dark- gray  color. 

Yu'ca.  The  name  of  a Scut1,  Ameri- 
can plant  from  which  the  natives  prepare 
an  intoxicating  beverage. 


605 


ZAM 


ZIZ 


Z. 


Za'*m-a.*  A cyeadaceous  West  In- 
dian plant,  which  yields  a sort  of  arrow- 
root. 

Zantliic Oxide.  See  Xanthic  Oxide. 

Zanthin.  See  Xanthin. 

Ze'a  Mays.-  The  systematic  name 
of  the  maize,  or  Indian  corn,  a plant 
of  the  Linnaean  class  Moncecia , natural 
order  Graminacese.  It  is  a native  of 
America. 

Zecl'o-a-ry.  A name  given  to  the 
roots  or  tubers  of  Ksempfe'ria  rotun'da , 
or  Curcu'ma  arornat' ica.  They  are  stimu- 
lant and  carminative. 

Ze'nith.  (From  the  Arabic.)  That 
point  in  the  heavens  directly  over  our 
heads,  and  opposed  to  the  nadir. 

Ze'ro.  [Italian,  zero , dza/ro,  a " ci- 
pher,” or  "naught.”]  A term  generally 
used  in  reference  to  the  thermometer, 
implying  the  point  at  which  the  gradua- 
tion commences.  The  zero  of  Reaumur’s 
and  the  Centigrade  thermometer  is  the 
freezing  point  of  water.  The  zero  of 
Fahrenheit  is  32°  below  the  point  at 
which  water  freezes. 

Ze-rum'bet,  Cas-su-mu'iiiar.  An 
aromatic,  bitter  East  Indian  root,  having 
tonic  and  stimulant  properties,  and  simi- 
lar to  ginger. 

Zig-zag1.  See  Flexuous. 

Zinc,  Chloride  of.  See  Zinci  Chlo- 
ridum. 

Zinc,  Sulphate  of.  See  Zinci  Sul- 
phas. 

Zin'$i  Car-bo'nas*  ("Carbonate  of 
Zinc”);  also  called  Cal-a-mi'na,#and 
CaT a- mine.  It  is  used  externally  in 
the  form  of  a powder  or  cerate  applied  to 
excoriations. 

Zin'$i  Chlo'ri-diim.*  ("  Chloride  of 
Zinc.”)  A white,  deliquescent  salt.  It  is 
antiseptic  and  powerfully  escharotic. 

Zin'$i  Oxi-dum.*  ("Oxide  of 
Zinc.”)  A yellowish-white  powder  used 
as  a tonic  and  antispasmodic. 

Zin'^i  Sul'phas.*  ("Sulphate  of 
Zinc.”)  The  Pharmacopoeial  name  ||  for 
a substance  in  colorless  crystals  which 
effloresce  on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  is 
emetic,  tonio,  and  antispasmodic.  It  is 
sometimes  called  White  Vitriol. 

Zin'$ic.  [Zin'cicus,]  Belonging 
to  zinc. 

Zin-sif'er-ous.  [Zincif'erus;  from 
zin'cum,  "zinc,”  and  fe’ro,  to  "bear.”] 
Containing  zino. 

606 


Zm'coid.  [Zincoi'des;  from  zin'- 
cum, "zinc,”  and  eU oj,  a "form.”]  Re- 
sembling zinc.  A term  applied  to  the 
platinum  (or  other  metallic)  plate  which 
is  in  connection  with  a copper  plate  in 
the  voltaic  circle,  and  denoting  the  posi- 
tive pole  or  positive  electrode.  The  pla- 
tinum plate  is  called  zincoid , because  it 
takes  the  place  of  the  zinc  in  the  voltaic 
circle. 

Ziii'cum.*  Zinc.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeial name  for  a bluish-white  metal  hav- 
ing the  specific  gravity  6.8.  It  is  malle- 
able and  ductile  when  its  temperature  is 
between  220°  and  320°.  After  having 
been  superficially  oxidized,  it  long  resists 
the  further  action  of  air  and  water.  In 
commerce  it  is  often  called  spelter. 

Zin'gi-ber,*  gen.  Zin-gib'e-ri$. 
[Gr.  SiyyiSspig,  or  (, lyyiSep .]  A Linnaean 
genus  of  the  class  Monandria,  natural 
order  Z ingiber acese.  Also,  the  Pharma- 
copoeial name  for  the  root  of  the  Zingiber 
officinale.  It  is  a grateful  stimulant  and 
carminative. 

Zin 'giber  Of-fi$-i-na'Ie.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  ginger-plant;  called, 
also,  Amo' mum  Zin' giber. 

Zingiberaceje,*  zin-je-be-ra'she-e. 
A natural  order  of  endogenous  herba- 
ceous plants,  found  within  the  tropics. 
Several  species  of  this  order  are  valued 
for  the  aromatic  stimulating  properties 
of  their  roots  or  rhizomes.  It  includes 
Zin' giber  (Ginger),  Alpin'ia  (Galangale), 
and  Curcu'ma , from  which  turmeric  is 
procured. 

Zinn,  Zo'nule  of.  A little  zone  on 
the  vitreous  humor  of  the  eye,  for  re- 
ceiving the  crystalline  lens;  first  par- 
ticularized by  Zinn. 

Zir'con.  A mineral  chiefly  composed 
of  zirconia  and  silica,  found  in  the  sand 
of  the  rivers  of  Ceylon. 

Zir-co'ni-a.*  One  of  the  primitive 
earths. 

Zir-co'ni-an.  [Zircon ia'nus.]  Con- 
taining zircon. 

Zir-con'ic.  [Zircon'icus.]  Be- 
longing to  zirconium. 

Zir-co'ni-iiin.-  The  metallic  base 
of  zirconia.  It  is  obtained  in  the  form 
of  a black  powder. 

Zi-za'ni-a  A-quat'i-ca.*  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  wild  rice,  an  American 
plant  of  the  natural  order  Graminacese. 
The  seeds  are  used  as  food. 


ZIZ 


zoo 


Ziz'y-pbus.*  A genus  of  plants 
from  which  jujube  paste  is  procured.  It 
belongs  to  the  natural  order  lihamna- 
cese. 

Zo-an-thro'pl-a.*  [From  £wo v,  an 
“animal,”  and  ihOpwirog,  a “man.”]  A 
kind  of  monomania,  in  which  a patient 
imagines  that  he  is  an  animal. 

Zo'di-ac.  [Zodi'acus;  from  &diov, 
diminutive  of  i \dov , an  “animal:”  so 
named  because  the  groups  of  stars  in  it 
were  fancied  to  represent  the  figures  of 
various  animals.]  An  imaginary  zone  or 
belt  surrounding  the  heavens,  extending 
about  8°  on  each  side  of  the  ecliptic, 
and  coinciding  with  the  region  of  the 
heavens  within  which  the  apparent  mo- 
tions of  the  sun,  moon,  and  greater 
planets  are  confined.  The  zodiac  is 
divided  into  twelve  equal  parts,  called 
signs,  designated  by  the  names  of  the 
constellations,  with  the  places  of  which 
the  signs  anciently  corresponded. 

Zoi-at'ri-ca.*  [From  (,wov,  an  “ani- 
mal,” and  iarpeia,  “medical  treatment.”] 
Veterinary  art,  or  veterinary  medicine: 
zoiatrics. 

Ztt-is'miis.*  [From  (a>oj/,  an  “ani- 
mal.”] The  process  of  animal  life: 
zo'ism. 

Zoml-din.  [Zo  mid  in  a;  from  £w- 
pog,  “broth  or  juice  from  meat.”]  A con- 
stituent of  the  extract  of  flesh. 

Zo'na.*  [From  ^vwpi,  to  “gird.”] 
A zone  or  girdle.  The  shingles;  a popu- 
lar term  for  Herpes  zoster. 

Zo  na  Pel-lu'ci-da.*  (“  Pellucid 
Zone.”)  The  broad  transparent  ring 
which  surrounds  the  yelk  (or  yolk)  in 
the  centre  of  the  ovum. 

Zone.  [Lat.  Zo'na;  Gr.  &vri,  a 
“ girdle,”  or  “belt.”]  In  Astronomy,  a 
portion  of  the  celestial  sphere  included 
between  two  parallel  circles.  In  Geogra- 
phy, the  terrestrial  zones  are  the  five 
broad  spaces  or  belts  into  which  the  sur- 
face of  the  earth  is  divided  by  the  two 
tropics  and  the  polar  circles:  namely, 
the  torrid  zone,  the  north  and  south 
temperate  zones,  the  north  frigid  zone, 
and  the  south  frigid  zone. 

Zo'nule.  [Zoiiulus;  diminutive  of 
zo'na , a “zone.”]  A little  zone  or  girdle. 

Zo-o-bi-o-tis'mus.*  [From  ^wov,  an 
“animal,”  and  fiio;,  “life.”]  The  condi- 
tion of  animals:  zoobi'otism. 

Zo-o-cam' bi-uni.*  [From  &ov,  an 
“animal,”  and  cam'bium,  “exchange.”] 
The  vital  juices  of  animals,  in  which  the 
blood-cells  are  formed;  the  liquor  san- 
guinis. 


Zo-o-ch em 'I -cal.  [Zoochem'icus.] 

Pertaining  to  zoochemy. 

Zo-ocli'e-iny.  [Zooche'mia;  from 
£c3oi/,  an  “animal,”  and  che'mia,  “chemis' 
try.”]  Animal  chemistry,  or  the  cherni 
cal  analysis  of  animal  substances. 

Zo-o£'e-ny.  [Zoogen  esis,  or  Zo- 
oge'nia;  from  £c oor,  an  “animal,”  and 
yevvaio,  to  “generate.”]  The  generating 
of  animals^  or  the  doctrine  of  the  forma- 
tion of  animals. 

Zo-o-go-iid'o-g-y.  [Zoogonolo - 

gfia;  from  zoogo'nia,  “zoogony,”  and 
\6yog,  a “discourse.”]  The  doctrine  of 
the  origin  or  development  of  animal  life. 

Zo-og'o-nus.*  [See  next  article.] 
Bearing  living  young,  as  opposed  to  ovi- 
parous. See  Viviparous. 

Zo-og'o-ny.  [Zoogo'nia;  from  ^dov, 
an  “animal,”  and  yosi ),  “generation.”] 
The  bearing  or  producing  of  living 
young. 

Zo-og'ra-pliy.  [Zoogra'phia ; 

from  &OV,  an  “animal,”  and  ypeupej,  to 
“write.”]  A description  of  animals. 

Zo'o-litc.  [Zool  itSms:  from  $wov, 
an  “animal,”  and  \i6og,  a “stone.”]  Any 
specimen  or  part  of  a fossil  or  petrified 
animal. 

Zo'o-litBi.  The  same  as  Zoolite. 

ZfvO-ll-tliif 'er-us.*  [From  zool'i- 
tlius,  a “zoolite,”  and  fe'ro,  to  “bear.”] 
Containing  fossil  remains  of  animals. 

Zo-o-logr'I-cal.  Relating  to  zoology. 

Zo-ol'o-gist.  One  who  is  versed  in 
zoology. 

Zo-ol'o-gy.  [Zoolo'g-ia;  from  &ov, 
an  “animal,”  and  \6yog,  a “discourse.”] 
That  branch  of  Natural  History  which 
treats  of  animals,  their  form,  nature, 
and  habits;  the  science  of  animals.  The 
animal  kingdom  has  been  divided  by 
Cuvier  into  four  sub-kingdoms,  or  grand 
divisions,  viz. : — 1.  Vertebra' ta,  or  Verte- 
brates; 2.  Mollus'ca,  or  Mollusks  (other- 
wise called  Heteroganglia' ta , from  the  un- 
symmetrical  arrangement  of  the  ganglia, 
or  nervous  centres);  3.  Articula'ta,  or 
Articulated  Animals,  including  insects, 
crustaceans,  etc. : this  division  is  also 
termed  Homoganglia' ta,  from  the  sym- 
metrical arrangement  of  the  ganglia; 
and,  4.  Radia'ta,  or  Radiated  Animals, 
including  the  star-fish,  polypi,  etc.  For  a 
more  particular  notice,  see  Vertebrata, 
Mollusca,  etc. 

Zo'on.*  [Gr.  &or ; from  (aw,  to  “ live.”] 
A word  signifying  an  “animal,”  a “liv- 
ing being.” 

Zo-on'o-my.  [Zoono'mia:  from 
oor,  an  “animal,”  and  vopog,  a “law.”] 
607 


zoo 


zz 


The  science  which  treats  of  the  laws  of 
animal  organic  life,  or  the  laws  which 
govern  the  organic  actions  of  animals. 

Zo-opli'a-gous.  [Zoopli'agus ; 

from  (, toui an  “animal,”  and  0dyw,  to 
“eat.”]  Living  on  animal  food;  car- 
nivorous. 

Zo'o-ptiyte.  [Zooph'ytum ; from 
$wov,  an  “.animal,”  and  (j, vtov , a “plant.”] 
An  animal  plant,  or  body  apparently 
intermediate  between  an  animal  and  vege- 
table, being  supposed  to  partake  of  the 
nature  of  both,  but  incorrectly.  This 
term  was  applied  by  Cuvier  to  one  of  the 
primary  divisions  cf  animals. 

Zo'o-phy-tog'ra-phy.  [Zoophy- 
togra'piaia ; from  zooph'ytum , a “ zoo- 
phyte,” and  ypd<poj,  to  “write.”]  A de- 
scription of  zoophytes. 

Zoo-pSiy-tol'c-gy.  [Zoopliyto- 
lo'gia;  from  zooph'ytum,  a “zoophyte,” 
and  X6yo$,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on 
zoophytes;  the  science  of  zoophytes. 

Zoo-psy-<*tiol'o-gy.  [Zoopsy- 
cliolo'gia;  from  t,ioov,  an  “animal,” 
and  psycholo'yia,  “psychology.”]  The 
doctrine  of  the  existence  of  mind  in 
brute  animals. 

Zo'o-spores.  [From  zo'on,  an  “ani- 
mal,” and  spo'ra,  a “spore.”]  Applied 
to  the  spores  or  spermatozoids  of  certain 
Alya1,  so  named  because  they  possess  the 
power  of  spontaneous  motion,  thus  re- 
sembling animals. 

Zo-ot'ic.  [Zoot'ieus ; from  an 
“animal.”]  Applied  to  a rock  or  soil 
containing  the  ddbris  of  organized  bodies. 

Zo-ot'o-niEst.  [See  next  article.] 

One  who  dissects  animals. 

Zo-ot'o-my.  [Zooto'mia;  from 
S<mv,  an  “animal,”  and  rqmo,  to  “cut.”] 
Dissection  of  the  lower  animals,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  dissection  of  man; 
also,  the  anatomy  of  animals. 

Zos'ter,  e'r is.%  [From  l&vi wyt,  to 
“gird.”]  A species  of  erysipelas  which 
extends  round  the  body,  like  a zone  or 
girdle.  See  Herpes  Zoster. 

Zumology.  See  Zymology. 

Zyg-a-poph'y-sis.*  [From  &y6$,  a 
“yoke,”  or  “junction,”  and  anrotyvoiq,  an 
“offshoot.”]  The  supero-lateral  process 
of  a vertebra,  by  which  it  is  connected 
with  the  adjoining  vertebra. 

Zy-S10'111??  a tis*  [Gr.  Ivyuya,  the 
“zygomatic  arch.”]  The  cheek-bone 
( os  jay  ale,  or  os  malic). 

Zyg-o-mat'ic.  [Zygomat'ieus.] 
Belonging  to  the  zygoma. 

Zygomatic  Arch.  The  bony  arch 
608 


which  connects  the  malar  bone  with  the 
squamosal  portion  of  the  temporal,  and 
encloses  the  temporal  muscle. 

Zygomat'ic  Process.  A thin 
narrow  projection  of  bone,  bounding  the 
squamous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone 
at  its  base. 

Zy-go-mat  i-cns  Major.*  (“  Great- 
er Zygomatic  [Muscle].”)  A muscle 
arising  from  the  cheek-bone  and  inserted 
into  the  angle  of  the  mouth. 

Zyg'omat'icus  Mi'nor.®  (“Lesser 
Zygomatic  [Muscle]/’)  A muscle  arising 
from  the  cheek-bone  (a  little  higher  up 
than  the  preceding)  and  inserted  into 
the  upper  lip  near  the  angle  of  the 
mouth.  . It  is  often  wanting.  This 
muscle  and  the  preceding  raise  the 
angles  of  the  mouth,  as  in  laughter: 
hence  the  term  distortor  oris  (“distorter 
of  the  mouth”)  has  been  applied  to  them. 

Zygophyllaceae,^  zi-go-fil-la'she-e. 
[From  Zyyophyl’ him,  one  of  the  genera.] 
A natural  order  of  exogenous  plants, 
found  in  the  hotter  parts  of  the  world. 
The  ligneous  plants  of  this  order  are 
remarkable  for  the  extreme  hardness  of 
their  wood.  It  includes  the  Guai'acum, 
or  Liy'num  vi'tie. 

Zyg-o-plByl'lum-*  [From  £uydf,  a 
“yoke,”  and  (fvXXov , a “leaf.”]  Applied 
to  a leaf  composed  of  a pair  of  leaflets 
as  if  yoked  together. 

Zy-molo-gy,  or  Zii-molo-gy. 
[Zymolo'gia ; from  Svprj,  “leaven,”  and 
Xoyog,  a “discourse.”]  A treatise  on  fer- 
mentation, or  the  science  of  fermenta- 
tion. 

Zy-mo'ma,  a tis*  [From  £ipdw,  to 
“ ferment.”]  Leaven ; a fermented  mix- 
ture. 

Zy-mo-si-oin'e-ter.  [Zymosfom'- 
etrum ; from  “fermentation,” 

and  p&pov,  a “measure.”]  An  instru- 
ment for  ascertaining  the  degrees  of 
fermentation. 

Zy-mo'sis.*  [From  $rp6io,  to  “fer- 
ment.”] Fermentation;  also  applied  to 
those  diseases  depending  on  miasmata 
for  their  origin,  and  called  endemic,  epi- 
demic, contagious,  etc.,  as  expressing  also 
the  mode  in  which  morbid  poisons  act 
on  the  animal  economy. 

Zy-mot'ic.  [Zymot'lcus ; from 
“leaven,”  cr  {vfuoms,  “fermentation.”] 
Applied  to  those  diseases  which  seem  to 
be  occasioned  by  a virus  or  poison, 
operating  like  leaven. 

Z.  Z.  = anciently  “myrrh;”  now 
“zinziber,”  or  ginger. 


APPENDIX. 


CONTENTS  OF  THE  APPENDIX. 


PAGE 

TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA 611 

EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  FTC 660 

ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS 680 

TABLE  OF  DOSES 692 

CHEMICAL  SYMBOLS 697 

TABLE  OF  DISPUTED  PRONUNCIATIONS 698 

CULLEN’S  NOSOLOGY 700 

GOOD’S  NOSOLOGY , 703 


010 


TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA. 


It  is  proper  to  state  that  for  the  plan  of  the  following  table  the  editor  is  in- 
debted to  Dr.  George  B.  Wood,  whose  system  of  classification,  as  presented  in 
ihe  Syllabus  of  his  lectures  delivered  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
been  substantially,  and,  indeed,  with  a few  exceptions,  rigidly,  followed.  One 
of  the  classes  (the  Excito- Motor  Stimulants)  has  been  introduced  from  Dr.  Carson’s 
“ Synopsis.” 

The  great  advantages  of  classification  in  every  department  of  science,  in  assist- 
ing the  memory  and  enabling  the  student  to  take  in  at  a single  glance  a mul- 
titude of  associated  facts,  are  too  obvious  and  too  generally  recognized  to  require 
to  be  enforced  by  any  array  of  argument.  Nor  is  it  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the 
difficulties  with  which  every  attempt  to  classify  the  infinitely  varied  productions 
of  nature  must  necessarily  be  attended.  The  editor  is  fully  aware  that  no 
system  of  classification  can  be  devised  to  which  some  objections  cannot  be 
urged;  suffice  it  to  say,  that  he  has,  after  mature  deliberation,  adopted  that 
system  which  on  the  whole  appeared  to  present  the  greatest  advantages,  and 
to  be  exposed  to  the  fewest  objections.  It  is  proper  to  say,  for  the  information 
of  the  reader,  that  as  a number  of  substances  occur  which  possess  various  and 
distinct  medicinal  properties,  and  which  cannot  therefore  with  propriety  be  referred 
to  any  one  class  exclusively,  it  has  been  deemed  best  to  give  such  articles  a place 
in  two  or  more  different  classes,  usually  with  a reference  to  that  particular  class 
to  which  they  seemed  to  have  the  strongest  claims.  Compare  Cornus  Florida, 
given  as  a tonic  and  astringent,  and  Pluinbi  Acetas,  given  as  an  astringent  and 
arterial  sedative.  When  it  has  appeared  somewhat  doubtful  whether  an  article 
was  fairly  entitled  to  a place  in  the  list  in  which  it  has  been  inserted,  a point  of 
interrogation  has  been  prefixed. 

When  a reference  is  made  from  one  name  to  another,  the  name  referred  to 
is  always  to  he  sought  in  the  same  list  (section  or  class)  as  that  from  which  the  refer- 
ence is  made.  For  example:  in  the  class  of  Astringents  there  is  a reference  from 
“Blackberry  Root”  to  Rubus,  which  must  be  sought  for  in  the  same  section  (that 
is,  among  the  Vegetable  Astringents).  It  is  especially  important  to  bear  this  in 
mind  when  there  are  several  sections  in  one  class,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Tonics, 
Diaphoretics,  etc. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  following  table  is  limited  for  the  most  part  to 
the  simple  articles  of  the  Materia  Medica  and  such  preparations  as  have  a dis- 
tinctive and  peculiar  character  of  their  own:  as,  Calomel,  Carbonic  Acid  Water, 
Turpeth  Mineral,  etc.  The  reader  will  not,  therefore,  look  for  those  multitudinous 
preparations  which  are  merely  modifications  as  to  form  of  the  medicinal  prin- 
ciples found  in  the  simpler  articles  of  the  Materia  Medica. 


611 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

CLASS  I. — Astringents 613 

Section  I. — Vegetable  Astringents 613 

II. — Mineral  Astringents 614 

CLASS  II. — Tonics 615 

Section  I. — Pure  or  Simple  Bitters 615 

II. — Bitters  of  Peculiar  or  Modified  Properties 616 

III.  — Febrifuge  Tonics 617 

IV.  — Aromatics 618 

V. — Mineral  Tonics ’. 620 

CLASS  III. — Arterial  Stimulants 622 

CLASS  IV. — Nervous  Stimulants 622 

CLASS  V. — Cerebral  Stimulants 624 

CLASS  VI. — Arter"ial  Sedatives 626 

CLASS  VII. — Nervous  Sedatives 627 

CLASS  VIII.— Emetics 628 

Section  I. — Vegetable  Emetics 628 

II. — Mineral  Emetics 629 

CLASS  IX.— Cathartics 630 

Section  I. — Vegetable  Cathartics 630 

II. — Mineral  Cathartics 632 

CLASS  X.— Diuretics  634 

CLASS  XI. — Diaphoretics .• 637 

Section  I. — Nauseating  Diaphoretics 637 

II. — Refrigerant  Diaphoretics 637 

III. — Stimulating  and  Alterative  Diaphoretics 638 

CLASS  XII. — Expectorants * 639 

CLASS  XIII. — Emmenagogues 640 

CLASS  XIV. — Sialagogues 641 

CLASS  XV.— Errhines  "....  641 

CLASS  XVI. — Epispastics  642 

CLASS  XVII. — Rubefacients  643 

CLASS  XVIII. — Escharotics 643  ' 

CLASS  XIX. — Demulcents 645 

CLASS  XX.— Emollients  646 

CLASS  XXI. — Alteratives : 647 

CLASS  XXII.— Antacids 649 

CLASS  XXIII. — Anthelmintics 650 

CLASS  XXIV. — Disinfectants  and  Antiseptics 651 

CLASS  XXV. — Excito-Motor  Stimulants 653 

612 


TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA, 


CLASS  I. 

ASTRINGENTS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PRODUCE  CONTRACTION  OF  THE  LIVING  TISSUES. 


SECTION  I— Vegetable  Astringents. 

Aca'cia  Cat'echu.  See  Catechu. 

A^'iduan  Oal'licuin.  (U  S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Gallic  Acid.  An  acid  prepared 
from  Galls,  occurring. in  acicular  prisms 
nearly  colorless. 

A^'uliim  Tan' ii team.  (U  S.  and 

Br.  Ph.)  Tannic  Acid.  A pale-yellow 
amorphous  powder,  having  a strongly 
astringent  taste,  obtained  from  nutgalls. 

Alum  Root.  See  Heucliera. 

Ar'butus  U’va  Ur'si.  See  Uva  Ursi. 

Arctostaph'  ylos  Uva  Ursi.  See  Uva 
Ursi. 

Aspid’ium  Fi'lix  Mas.  See  Fllix 
Mas. 

Bearberry.  See  Uva  Ursi. 

Be'la.  (Br.  Ph.)  Bael.  The  half-ripe 
fruit  of  AE'gle  Mar'melos  dried. 

Bistort.  See  Polygonum  Ristorta. 

Black  Alder.  See  Prinos. 

Blackberry  Root.  See  Rubus. 

Plack  Oak  Bark.  See  t^uercus  Tmc- 
toria. 

Blunt-Leaved  Bock.  See  Sumex  ©b- 
tusifolius. 

Casta' nea  Pu'mila.  Chinquapin.  The 
bark  is  used  as  an  astringent  tonic. 

Cat'echu.  (U.S.  Ph.)  An  extract 
prepared  principally  from  the  wood  of 
Acacia  catechu. 

Cat'ecliu  Xi'gi’um.  (Br.  Ph.)  Black 
Catechu.  An  extract  of  Acacia  catechu. 

Cat'echu  Pal  lidum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Pale 
Catechu.  An  extract  from  the  Unca'ria 
gam'bir. 

Chimaph'ila.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pipsis- 
sewa.  The  leaves  of  the  Chimaph'ila 
umhella'ta.  See  Class  X. 

Ch.nquapin.  See  Castauea  Purnila. 

Cor'nus  Circina'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.) 

52* 


Round-Leaved  Dogwood.  See  Class  II., 
Section  III. 

Cor'nus  Flor'ida.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Dog- 
wood. See  Class  II.,  Section  III. 

Cor'nusSeri^'ea.  (U.S.Ph.)  Swamp 
Dogwood.  See  Class  II.,  Section  III. 
Cranesbill.  See  Geranium. 
Dewberry  Root.  See  Rubus. 
IMos'pyros.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Persimmon. 
The  unripe  fruit  of  Dios'pyros  Virgi- 
nia' na. 

Dogwood.  See  Corntis  Florida. 

Elm  Bark.  See  FI  in  us. 

Fern  Root.  See  Filix  Mas,  or  Filix. 
? Fi'lix.  (Br.  Ph.)  Fern  Root.  The 
same  as  Fiflix  Mas. 

? Fi'lix  Mas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Male  Fern. 
See  Class  XXI IT. 

Frostwort,  or  Frostweed.  See  Keli- 
antheinum. 

Gal'la.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Xutgall. 
Galls,  xi  morbid  excrescence  upon  the 
Quercus  infectoria. 

Gallic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Galli- 
cuni. 

Galls,  or  Gall  Nuts.  See  Galla. 
Gera'niuni.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Cranesbill. 
The  rhizoma  of  Gera'nium  macula'tum. 

Ge'um.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Water  Avens. 
The  root  of  Ge'um  riva'le. 

Grania'ti  Fruc'tus  Cor'tex.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Pomegranate  Rind.  The  rind  of 
the  fruit  of  Pu'nica  grana'tnm. 

Maematox'ylon,  or  Haematox'y- 
luni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Logwood.  The 
wood  of  Hsematox'ylon  Campechia’ num. 
Hardhack.  See  Spiraea, 
llelian'themum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Frost- 
wort.  The  herb  of  Helian' ihemum  Cana- 
den'se. 

? Ilepat'ica.  (U.S.Ph.)  Liverwort. 
The  leaves  of  Ilepat'ica  America'na . 

613 


ASTRINGENTS. 


Heuche'ra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Alum  Root. 
The  root  of  Heuche'  ra  America' na. 

Ki  no.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The  in- 
spissated juice  of  Pterocar'pus  marsu'- 
pium,  and  of  other  plants. 

, Krame'ria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Rhatany.  The  root  of  Krame'ria.  tri- 
an’dra  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  root  of 
Kramer ia  triandra  (Br.  Ph.). 

Liverwort.  See  Hepatica. 

Logwood.  See  Hsematoxylou. 

Lyc'opus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Bugleweed. 
The  herb  of  Lyc'opus  Virgin' icus. 

Male  Fern.  See  Filix  Mas. 

Marsh  Rosemary.  See  Statice. 

Oak  Bark.  See  Quercus. 

Persimmon.  See  Piospyros. 

Pipsissewa.  See  Chimaphila. 

Polygonum  Bistor'ta.  Bistort. 

Potentil'la  Tormentil'la . See  Tor- 
ment!] la. 

Pri'nos.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black  Alder. 
The  bark  of  Pri'nos  verticilla'tus. 

Plerocar' pus  Marsu'pium.  See  Kino. 

Quer'cus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oak  Bark.  The 
bark  of  Quer'cus  pedmn  ula'ta. 

Quer'cus  Al'ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  White 
Oak  Bark.  The  bark  of  Quercus  alba. 

Quer'cus  Tn/ecto'ria.  See  Galla. 

Quer'cus  Tincto'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Black  Oak  Bark.  The  bark  of  Quercus 
tinctoria. 

Red  Rose.  See  Rosa  Gallica. 

Rhatany.  See  Krameria. 

lUius  (da  brum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Su- 
mach. The  fruit  of  Rhus  glabrum. 

Rind  of  the  Pomegranate.  See  Gra- 
nati  Friictus  Cortex. 

Rock  Rose.  See  Melianthemum. 

Ito'sa  Gal  lica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Red  Rose.  The  petals  of  Rosa  Gallica. 

Round-Leaved  Dogwood.  See  €or- 
mis  Circinaia. 

Ru'bus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Dewberry  Root. 
Blackberry  Root.  The  root  of  Ru'bus 
Cana  den'  sis  and  of  Ru'bus  villo'sus. 

Ru' mex  Obtusifo'  lius.  Blunt-leaved 

Dock. 

?Sa'lix.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Willow.  Thebark 
of  Sa'lix  al'ba.  See  Class  II.,  Section  III. 

Spiraea.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hardhack.  The 
root  of  Spirse'a  tomento' sa. 

Statice.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Marsh  Rose- 
mary. The  root  of  Stat'ice  Limo'nium, 
variety  Carolinia'na. 

Sumach.  See  Rhus  Glabrum. 

Swamp  Dogwood.  See  Cornus  Seri- 
cea. 

Tannic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Tanni- 
cum. 

Tormentil.  See  Tormentilla. 

614 


Tormentil'la.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tormentil. 

The  root  of  Potentil'la  tormentil' la. 

Ul'mus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Elm  Bark.  See 
Class  XIX. 

U'va  IJr'si.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
leaves  of  Ar'butus  Uva  Ur  si,  or  Arcto- 
staph’ylos  Uva  Ur  si. 

Vi'num  Porten'se.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Port 
Wine.  Otherwise  called  Vinum  rubrurn 
(Red  Wine).  See  Class  V. 

Water  Avens.  See  Geum. 

White  Oak  Bark.  See  Quercus 
Alba. 

SECTION  II —Mineral  Astringents, 
Acetate  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi  Ace- 
tas. 

Acetate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Acetas. 
A^'idum  Sulphu'ricuni  Aroinat  - 
icum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Aromatic  Sulphuric 
Acid. 

Alum.  See  Alumen, 

Alu'men.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Alum. 
Sulphate  of  Alumina  and  Potassa.  A 
salt  in  colorless  crystalline  masses,  hav- 
ing an  acid,  sweetish,  astringent  taste. 

A’ qua  Cal' cis.  See  Liquor  Calcis. 
Aromatic  Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Aci- 
dum Sulpliuricum  Aromaticum. 
Blue  Vitriol.  See  Cupri  Sulphas. 
Calx  Chlora'ta.  (Br.  Ph.)  Chlori- 
nated Lime. 

Calx  Chlorina'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Chlo- 
rinated Lime,  or  Chloride  of  Lime. 
Carbonate  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi 

Carbonas. 

Cerate  of  Subacetate  of  Lead.  See 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Subacetatis. 
Cera'tum  Plum  bi  Subaceta'tis. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Cerate  of  Subacetate  of  Lead. 
Goulard’s  Cerate.  See  Class  XX. 

Chlorinated  Lime.  See  Calx  Chlori- 
nata. 

Common  Salt.  See  Sodii  Clilori- 
dum. 

Cu'pri  Sul'phas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  or  Blue  Vitriol.  A 
salt  occurring  in  blue  crystals,  slightly 
efflorescent  in  the  air,  and  entirely  solu- 
ble in  water. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol.  See  Acidum  Sul- 
phuricum  Aromaticum. 

Fer'ri  Sul  phas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  or  Copperas.  A salt 
in  oblique  rhombic  prisms  of  a green 
color  and  styptic  taste. 

Lime  Water.  See  Liquor  Calcis. 
Liq'uor  Cal'cis  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.), 
otherwise  called  A'qua  Cal'cis.  Lime 
W ater. 


ASTRINGENTS.— TONICS. 


Liquor  Fer'ri  Nitra'tis.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Iron. 

Liquor  Plum'bi  Subaceta'tis. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Subacetate  of 
Lead. 

Litharge.  See  Pluinbi  Oxiduin. 
Lithar'gyrum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Litharge. 
Oxide  of  Lead. 

Plum'bi  Ace'tas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Acetate  of  Lead,  or  Sugar  of  Lead. 
A substance  in  colorless  crystals,  which 
effloresce  on  exposure  to  the  air. 

Plum'bi  Carbonas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Lead,  or  White 
Lead.  A heavy  white  powder,  insolu- 
ble in  water,  but  soluble  in  dilute  nitric 
acid. 

Plum'bi  Xi'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ni- 
trate of  Lead.  See  Class  XXIV, 

Plum'bi  Ox'iclum  (U.S.  Ph.),  other- 
wiseealled  Plum'bi  Ox'idum  Semivitfrenm. 
Litharge,  or  Oxide  of  Lead. 

Plum'bi  Subaceta'tis  Liquor. 


(Br.  Ph.)  See  Liquor  Plumbi  Sub- 
ace tat  is. 

So'dii  Chlo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt. 

Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Iron.  See 

Liquor  Ferri  Xitratis. 

Solution  of  Subacetate  of  Lead.  See 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis. 

Sugar  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi  Acetas. 
Sulphate  of  Copper.  See  Cupri 
Sulphas. 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Sul- 
phas. 

Zin'$i  Ace'tas,  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Acetate  of  Zinc. 

Zin'?i  Sulphas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Zinc,  or  White  Vitriol.  A 
gait  occurring  in  colorless  crystals,  which 
have  a strong  metallic  styptic  taste  and 
are  soluble  in  water. 


CLASS  II. 

TONICS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PRODUCE  A GENTLE  AND  PERMANENT  EXCITEMENT  OF  ALL  THE 
VITAL  ACTIONS,  THOUGH  THEIR  INFLUENCE  IS  CHIEFLY  OBSERVABLE  IN  THE 
FUNCTIONS  OF  ORGANIC  LIFE. 


SECTION  I,— Pure  or  Simple  Bitters. 

Agatho'tea  Chiray'ta.  See  Chiretta. 

Al'etris.  (U.S.  Ph.l  Star  Grass. 
The  root  of  Al'etris  farino'sa. 

American  Centaury.  See  Sabbatia. 

American  Columbo.  See  Frasera. 

Bitte'ra  (or  Bytte'ra ) Febrif'uya.  Bit- 
ter Ash. 

Blue  Gentian.  See  Gentiana  Cates- 
bfei. 

Calum'ba.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Co- 
lumbo. The  root  of  Coc' cuius  palma'tus. 

Chira'ta.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  entire  plant 
of  Ophe'lia  cliira'ta.  The  same  as  Chi- 
retta. 

Chiret'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Chiretta.  The 
herb  and  root  of  Agatho'tes  cbiray'ta. 

Coc' cuius  palma'tus.  See  Calumba. 

Colomba,  or  Columbo.  See  Calumba. 

Common  European  Centaury.  See 
JEry  thrsea  Centaur ium. 

Cop'tis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Goldthread. 
The  root  of  Cop'tis  trifo'lia. 

Erythrse'a  Centau'rium.  Common  Cen- 
taury. 


Frase'ra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  American 
Columbo.  The  root  of  Frase'ra  Wal- 
te'ri. 

Gentian.  See  Gentiana. 

Gentia'na.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Gen- 
tian. The  root  of  Gentia'na  lu'tea. 

Gentia'na  Catesbae'i.  (U.S.  Pb.) 
Blue  Gentian.  The  root  of  Gentiana 
Catesbsei. 

Goldthread.  See  Coptis. 

Quassia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Quas- 
sia. The  wood  of  Simaru'ba  excel' sa 
(U.S.  Ph.),  or  of  Picrse'na  excel' sa  (Br. 
Ph.). 

Sabba'tia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  American 
Centaury.  The  herb  of  Sabba'tia  angu- 
la'ris. 

Simaru'ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Simaruba. 
The  bark  of  the  root  of  Simaru'ba  offici- 
na'lis. 

Simaru'ba  excel' sa.  See  Quassia. 

Star  Grass.  See  Aletris. 

Xanthorrhi'za.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Yellow- 
Root.  The  root  of  Xanthorrhi'za  apii- 
fo'lia. 

Yellow-Root.  See  Xanthorrhiza. 

615 


TONICS. 


SECTION  II— Bitters  of  Peculiar  or  Modi- 
fied Properties. 

Absin'thium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Worm- 
wood. The  tops  and  leaves  of  Artemis'ia 
absin'thium. 

Al'etris.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Star  Grass. 
The  root  of  Al'etris  farina' sa. 

Am' if r is  Myr'rha.  See  Myrrha. 

An'themis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Chamomile.  The  dried  flowers  of  An' - 
the  mi  s nob'ilis. 

An'themis  Cot'ula,  See  Coin  la. 

Ar'butus  U'va  Ur' si.  See  Class  I. 

Artemis'ia  Absin'thium.  See  Absin- 
thium. 

Balsamoden' dron  Myr'rha.  See  Myr« 
rhn. 

? Bal'samum  Peruvia'imm.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Balsam  of  Peru.  See 
Class  XII. 

Bal'saimian  Toluta'num.  (U.  S. 

and  Br.  Ph.)  Balsam  of  Tolu.  See 
Class  XII. 

Bebe'ria?  Sul'phas.  (Br.  Ph.)  Sul- 
phate of  Beberia. 

Black  Alder.  See  Primos. 

Black  Snakeroot.  See  Cimicifuga. 

Blunt-Leaved  Dock.  See  Rumex 
Obtusifolius. 

Buckbean.  See  Menyanthes  Tri- 
foliata. 

Cedron.  The  seeds  of  the  Sima'ba 
Ce'  dron. 

Chamomile.  See  Anthemis. 

Cimicif'uga.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Snakeroot.  The  root  of  Cimicif'uga 
racemo'  sa. 

Cod-Liver  Oil.  See  Oleum  Mor- 
rhinc. 

Cot'ula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Mayweed.  The 
herb  of  An'themis  cot'ula , J Fa  rut  a cotula. 

Elecampane.  See  Inula. 

Elm  Bark.  See  Flrnus. 

Fern  Boot.  See  Filix. 

Fi'lix.  (Br.  Ph.)  Fern  Root.  The 
same  as  Filix  Mas. 

Fi'lix  Mas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Male  Fern. 
The  rhizoma  of  Aspid'ium  Filix  Mas. 

German  Chamomile.  See  Matricaria. 

Hardhack.  See  Spiraea. 

? Ifelian'themum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Frostwort.  The  herb  of  Helian' themum 
Cdnaden'se. 

fllemides'miis.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  root 
of  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 

ISepat'ica.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Liverwort. 
The  root  of  Hepatica  Americana. 

Hcrac'leum  Lana' turn.  The  root. 

Hops.  See  Ilumulus. 

Horehound.  Sec  Marrubium. 

616 


Hu'mulus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hops.  The 
strobiles  of  Hu'mulus  lu'pulus. 

Inula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Elecampane. 
The  root  of  In'ula  hele'nium. 

Lirioden'dron.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tulip- 
tree  Bark.  The  bark  of  Lirioden' dron 
tulipif era. 

Lu'pulus.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  same  as 

Mu  an  ulus. 

Marrubium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hore- 
hound. The  herb  of  Marru'bium  vul- 
ga'  re. 

Marsh  Trefoil.  See  Memyamthes 
Trifoliata. 

Master  wort.  See  Meracleum  La- 
natuvn. 

Matrica'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  German 
Chamomile.  The  flowers  of  Matrica' ria 
chamom.il' la. 

Mayweed.  See  Cotula. 

Menyan’thes  trifolia'ta.  Buckbean,  or 
Marsh  Trefoil. 

Myrrh.  See  Myrrha. 

Myr'rha.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Myrrh.  The  concrete  juice  of  Balsamo- 
den' dron  my  r'  rha  (U.S.  Ph.);  agum-resi- 
nous  exudation  from  the  stem  of  Bal- 
samodendron  myrrha  (Br.  Ph.). 

Mix  Vom'ica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nux  Vomica.  The  seeds  of  Strych'nos 
nux  vom'ica.  See  Class  XXV. 

O'leum  Anthem'idis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Chamomile. 

? O leum  Bu 'bullion.  (U.S.  Ph.) 

Neats’-foot  Oil. 

O'leaimi  Mor'rhiue.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Cod-Liver  Oil.  The  fixed  oil  ob- 
tained from  the  liver  of  Ga'dus  Mor'rhua. 

? Pa'uax.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ginseng.  The 
root  of  Pa'nax  quinquefo'lium. 

? Parei'ra.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  See 
Class  X. 

? Polyg'ala  Rubel  la.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bitter  Polygala.  The  root  and  herb  of 
Polygala.  rubella. 

Primes.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black  Alder. 
See  next  section. 

Pru'nus  Virginia'na.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Wild  Cherry  Bark.  The  bark  of  Cer'a- 
8ii8  serot'ina. 

Quer'cus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oak  Bark. 
The  bark  of  Quer' cus  peduncula'ta. 

? Quer'cus  Tincto'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Black  Oak  Bark.  See  Class  I. 

Rhe  um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Rhu- 
barb. See  Class  IX.,  Section  I. 
Rhubarb.  See  Rheum. 

Ru'mex  Cris'pus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Yel- 
low Dock.  The  root  of  llumex  crisjms. 

f Ru'mex  Obtusifo'lius.  Blunt-Leaved 
Dock. 


TONICS. 


Sage.  See  Salvia. 

Sal' via.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sage.  The 
leaves  of  Sal' via  ojfficina'  lis, 

? Scutella  ria.  (U.S. Ph.)  Scull-cap. 

See  Class  IV. 

? Spinc'a.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hardback. 
The  root  of  Spires’ a tomento'sa. 

Strgch'nos  Nux  Vom'ica.  See  Xux 

Vomica. 

Tan  ace 'turn.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tansy. 
The  herb  of  Tanned  turn  vulga're . 

Tansy.  See  Tanacctuin. 

Tulip-tree  Bark.  See  Eiriodendron. 
? Fl'nius.  (Br.  Ph.)  Elm  Bdrk. 
See  Class  XIX. 

Wild  Cherry  Bark.  Sec  Pranas  Vir- 
gin ian  a. 

Wormwood.  See  Absinthium. 
Yellow  Dock.  See  liumex  Crispns. 

SECTION  III Febrifuge  Tonics. 
A$'idum  Ni'tricum.  (U.S.  nnd  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitric  Acid.  Sec  Section  V. 
Adanso'nia  Digit  a'  ta.  Baobab. 
FEs’cnlus  Hippocas'  tannm.  Horse- 

chesnut. 

Angostura.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  bark 
of  Galipe'a  ojficina'  lis. 

? An'themis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Chamomile.  (See  preceding  section.) 
Aristolo’ chia.  See  Serpen  taria. 
Baobab.  See  Adansonia  Eigitata. 
Bebeeru  Bark.  See  Xectandra. 
Boneset.  See  Eupatorium. 
Cascarilla.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
bark  of  Cro'ton  eleute’ria. 

Chamomile.  See  Antliennis. 
Cincho'na  Fla'va.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Yellow  Cinchona.  The  bark  of 
Cincho'na  calisai/'a . 

Cincho'na  Pal'lida.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Pale  Cinchona.  The  bark  of 
Cincho'na  Condamin'ea. 

Cincho'na  Ru  bra.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Bed  Cinchona.  The  bark  of  an 
undetermined  species  of  Cinchona  (U.S. 
Ph.).  The  bark  of  Cincho'na  sued ru' bra 
(Br.  Ph.). 

Common  Salt.  SeeSodiiChlorMam. 
Contrayerva.  See  Eorstenia  Con- 
trayerva. 

Cor'nus  Circina'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Hound-Leaved  Dogwood.  The  bark  of 
Cornus  circinata. 

Cornus  Flor'ida.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Dog- 
wood. The  bark  of  Cornus  Florida. 

Cor'nus Seri$'ea.  (U.S. Ph.)  Swamp 
Dogwood.  The  bark  of  Cornus  sericea . 
Cro'ton  Eleute’ria.  See  Cascarilla. 
Cuspa'ria.  (Br.  Ph.)  CuspariaBark. 


The  bark  of  Galipe'a  cuspa'ria.  The 
same  as  Angostura. 

Dogwood.  See  Cornus  Florida. 

j Dorste'nia  Contra i/er'va. 

Eupato  riuin.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Thorough- 
wort,  or  Boneset.  The  tops  and  leaves  of 
Eupato’rium  perfolia'tum,  gathered  after 
flowering  has  commenced. 

? Fraxinus  Excel  sior.  Common 
European  Ash. 

GalipC  t Cfficina’lis.  See  August ura. 

Gossyp’ imn  Ucrha'ceum.  An  infusion 
of  the  seeds.  See  Class  XIII. 

Magno  lia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  bark 
of  Mayno'lia  glau'ca,  and  of  other  species 
of  Magnolia.  See  Class  XI.,  Section  III. 

Mahogany  Tree.  See  Sxvietenia. 

Neetandra.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Be- 
beeru Bark,  or  bark  of  Aectai.'dra  Rodie'i. 

Nitric  Acid.  See  Aciduni  Aitrieumru 

Pale  Cinchona.  See  Cinchona  Pal- 
lida. 

Phloridzin,  or  Phloeorizin.  (A  peculiar 
principle  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the 
apple,  pear,  and  cherry  tree.) 

? Pri'nos.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black  Alder. 
The  bark  of  Pri’nos  verticilla'  tus. 

Quer'cus  Al  ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  White 
Oak  Bark.  See  Class  I. 

Quan'ine  Sul'phas.  (UiS.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Bed  Cinchona.  See  Cinchona  Rubra. 

Bound-Leaved  Dogwood.  See  Cor- 
nus Circinata. 

Sa'lix.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Willow.  The 
bark  of  Salix  alba. 

Scrpenta'ria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Serpentary,  or  Virginia  Snakeroot.  The 
root  of  Aristolo' chia  serpcnta'ria,  and  of 
other  species  of  Serpentaria. 

Serpentary.  See  Serpentaria. 

Snakeroot,  Virginia.  See  Serpen- 
taria. 

So'dii  Chlo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt.  See  Section  V.  of  this  class. 

Spider’s  Web.  See  Tela  Aranea?. 

Sulphate  of  Quinia.  See  Quinine 
Sulphas. 

Swamp  Dogwood.  See  Cornus  Se- 
ricea. 

Swiete'nia  Febrif’uga , and  Swiete'nia 
Mahog'ani  (Mahogany  Tree).  The  bark. 

f Tc'la  Ara'nese.  Spider’s  Web. 

Thoroughwort.  See  Eupatorrum. 

Virginia  Snakeroot.  See  Serpenta- 
ria. 

White  Oak  Bark.  See  Quercus  Alba. 

Willow.  See  Salix. 

Yellow  Cinchona.  See  Cinchona 
Flava. 


617 


AROMATICS. 


SECTION  IV.— Aromatics. 

Ac'orus  Cal'amus.  See  Calamus. 

Alpin'ia  Cardamo' mum.  See  Carda- 
momum. 

Ane'tlium.  (Br.  Ph.)  Dill  Seed. 
Tile  fruit  of  Ane'thum  grav'  eolens. 

Angel'ica.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Angelica. 
The  root  of  Angelica  Archangel' ica. 

Angel' ica  Atropurpu'  rea.  Purple  An- 
gelica. 

Ani'sum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Anise.  The 
fruit  of  Pimpinel'la  ani'sum. 

Artan'the  Elonga'ta.  See  Malic©. 

As'arum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Canada  Snake- 
root,  or  Wild  Ginger.  The  root  of  As'- 
arum  Cana  den' se. 

Auran'tii  Ama'ri  Cor'tex.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Bitter  Orange  Peel.  The  rind  of 
the  fruit  of  Ci'trus  vulga'ris. 

Auran'tii  Cor'tex.  (Br.  Ph.)  Orange 
Peel  (Bitter).  The  outer  part  of  the  rind 
(dried)  of  the  ripe  fruit  of  Ci'trus  biga- 
ra'dia. 

Auran'tii  Dul'cis  Cor'tex.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Sweet  Orange  Peel.  The  rind  of 
the  fruit  of  Ci'trus  anran'tium . 

Balm.  See  Melissa. 

Black  Pepper.  See  Piper. 

Cal'amus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Calamus,  or 
Sweet  Flag.  The  rhizoma  of  Ac'orus 
cal'amus. 

Canada  Snakeroot.  See  Asarum. 

Canel'la.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Canella.  The 
bark  of  Canel'la  al'ba. 

Canel’la  Al'ba.  See  Canella. 

Caraway.  See  Carum. 

Cardamom.  See  Cardamomum. 

Cardamo'mum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Cardamom.  The  fruit  (or  seeds)  of  Elet- 
ta'ria  cardamo' mum. 

Car'ui.  (Br.  Ph.)  Caraway.  The 
dried  fruit  of  Ca'rum  car'ui. 

Ca'rum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Caraway.  The 
fruit  of  Ca'rum  car'ui. 

Caryopliyl'lum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Cloves. 
The  unexpanded  flower-buds  of  Caryo- 
phyl'lus  aromat'icus.  The  same  as  Cary- 
opliyllus. 

Caryopliyl'Ius.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Cloves. 
The  unexpanded  flowers  of  Caryophyl' - 
l us  aromat'icus. 

? Cata'ria.  Catnep.  See  Class  IV. 

Cinnamo'mnm.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Cinnamon.  The  bark  of  Cinnamo'mum 
Zeylan'icum,  and  of  Cinnamo'mum  aro- 
mat'icum  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  inner  bark 
from  shoots  of  the  Cinnamomum  Zeylan- 
icum  (Br.  Ph.). 

Cinnamo'mum  Zeylan' icum.  See  Cin- 
namomnm. 

618 


Cinnamon.  See  Cinnamomum. 

Ci'trus  Anran'tium.  See  Aurantii 
l)ulcis  Cortex. 

Cloves.  See  Caryophyllus. 

Coriander.  See  Coriandrum. 

Corian'drum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Coriander.  The  ripe  fruit  of  Corian'- 
drum sati'vum  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  ripe  fruit, 
dried,  of  Coriandrum  sativum  (Br.  Ph.). 

Cube'ba.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Cubeb, 
or  Cubebs.  The  berries  of  Pi’ per  cube'ba 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  unripe  fruit,  dried,  of 
Cube'ba  officina'lis  (Br.  Ph.).  See  Class  X. 

Cubebs.  See  Cubeba. 

Cumin.  See  Cuminum. 

? Cumi'num , or  Cymi'num.  Cumin. 

Curcuma.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Turmeric. 
The  rhizoma  of  Curcn'ma  lon'ga. 

Dill.  See  Anetlmm. 

j Dri'mys  Winte'ri.  Wintera. 

Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum.  See  Car- 
damomum. 

Euge'nia  Caryophylla'ta.  See  Cary o- 
pliyilus. 

European  Pennyroyal.  See  Menttia 
Pulegium. 

Fennel,  or  Fennel  Seed.  See  Foenic- 
ulum. 

Foenic'ulum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Fennel  Seed.  The  fruit  of  Foenic'ulum 
vulga're  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  fruit  of  Foe- 
nic'ulum  dal’ce  (Br.  Ph.). 

Foenic'ulum  Ojjicina'le.  (Considered  by 
some  to  be  the  same  as  Foeniculum  vul- 
gar e.)  See  Foeniculum. 

Gaultlie'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Partridge 
Berry.  The  leaves  of  Gaulthe' via  pro - 
cum'bens. 

Ginger.  See  Zingiber. 

Ginseng.  See  Panax. 

Golden  Rod.  See  Solidago. 

Iffedeo'ma.  (U.S.  Ph.)  American 
Pennyroyal.  The  herb  of  Hedeo'ma 
pulegioi'  des. 

Horsemint.  See  Monarda. 

Lavan'dula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Lavender. 
The  flowers  of  Lavan’ dula  ve'ra. 

Lavan' dula  Spi'ca.  See  Lavandula. 

Lavan' dula  Ve'ra.  See  L.avand?ila. 

Lavender.  See  Lavandula. 

ILimo'nis  Cor'tex.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Lemon  Peel. 

Long  Pepper.  See  Piper  Longum. 

Ma'cis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Mace. 

Marjoram.  See  Origanum  Vul- 

gare. 

Mati'ca.  (Br.  Ph.)  Matico.  The 

dried  leaves  of  Artan'the  elonga'ta.  See 

Matico. 

Mati'co.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Matico.  The 

leaves  of  Artan'the  elonga'ta. 


AROMATICS. 


Melis'sa.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Balm.  The 

herb  of  Melitt sa  ojficina' lis. 

Men'tlia  Piperi'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Peppermint.  The  herb  of  Mentha  pipe- 
rita. 

Men'tha  Pule’gium . European  Penny- 
royal. 

Men'tha  Vir'idis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Spear- 
mint. The  herb  of  Mentha  viridift. 

Monar  da.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Horsemint. 
The  herb  of  Monar' da  puncta'ta. 

Myris'tiea.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Nut- 
meg. The  kernel  of  the  fruit  of  Myris’  - 
tnca  fra' grans  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  kernel  of 
the  seed  of  Myris’tica  officina'lis  (Br. 

ph.). 

Myr'tus  pimen'ta.  See  Pimenta. 

Nep’eta  cata'ria.  See  Cataria. 

Nutmeg.  See  Myristica. 

Oil  of  Anise.  See  Oleum  Anisi. 

Oil  of  Bergamot.  See  Oleum  Ber- 
garni  i. 

Oil  of  Caraway.  See  Oleum  Carui. 

Oil  of  Cinnamon.  See  Oleum  Cin- 
namomi. 

Oil  of  Dill.  See  Oleum  Anetlii. 

Oil  of  Lavender.  See  Oleum  Ra- 
vandulse. 

Oil  of  Lemon.  See  Oleum  Limonis. 

Oil  of  Nutmeg.  See  Oleum  Myris- 
tiese. 

Oil  of  Peppermint.  See  Oleum  3Ien- 
tlue  Piperitse. 

Oil  of  Spearmint.  See  Oleum  Men- 
tlire  VI  rid  is. 

O leum  Ane'thi.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Dill. 

O'leum  Ani  si.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Anise. 

O'leum  Berga'mii.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Bergamot.  The  volatile  oil  obtained 
from  the  rind  of  the  fruit  of  Ci'trus 
limet'ta. 

O'leum  Car'ui.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Caraway. 

O'leum  Caryoptoyl'li.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Oil  of  Cloves. 

O'leum  Cinnauio'mi.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Cinnamon.  The  vola- 
tile oil  obtained  from  the  bark  of  Cinna- 
mo'murn  Zeylan'icnm. 

O'leum  Corian'dri.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Coriander. 

O'leum  L.avan'dulae.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Lavender. 

? O'leum  Limo'nis.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Lemon.  The  volatile  oil 
obtained  from  the  rind  of  the  fruit  of 
Ci'trus  limo’num. 

O'leum  Men'llise  Piperi'tse.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Peppermint.  The 


oil  distilled  from  the  fresh  herb  of  Men- 
tha piperita. 

O'leum  Men'thsB  Vir'idis.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Spearmint.  The 
oil  distilled  from  the  fresh  herb  of  Men- 
tha viridis. 

O'leum  Monar'dse.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Horsemint. 

O'leum  Myris' ticae.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Nutmeg.  The  volatile  oil 
obtained  from  the  kernels  of  the  fruit  of 
Myris'tica  fra’grans  (U.§.  Ph.).  The 
oil  distilled  from  Nutmeg  (Br.  Ph.). 

O'leum  Pimen'tse.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Pimento. 

O'leum  Ro  sa;.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Rose. 

? O'leum  Rosmari'ni.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Rosemary.  See  Class 
XVII. 

O'leum  Thy'mi.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Thyme. 

Orange  Peel.  See  Aurautii  Cortex. 

Orig’anum  Vulga’re.  Origanum,  or 
Marjoram. 

Pa'nax.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ginseng.  The 
root  of  Pa’nax  quinquefo’lium. 

Partridge  Berry.  See  Gaultlieria. 

Pennyroyal.  See  Kedeoma. 

Pepper.  See  Piper. 

Pepper,  Long.  See  Piper  Longum. 

Peppermint.  See  jlleiitlia  Piperita. 

Pimen'ta.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Pi- 
mento. The  unripe  berries  of  Euge'nia 
pimen'ta. 

Pimento.  See  Pimenta. 

Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum.  See  Anisum. 

Pi'per.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Black 
Pepper.  The  berries  of  Pi’per  ni’grum 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  unripe  berries  of 
Piper  nigrum  (Br.  Ph.). 

PUper  Cuhe’ba.  See  Cubeba. 

Pi’per  Lon’ gum:  Long  Pepper. 

Purple  Angelica.  See  Angelica  Atro- 
purpurea. 

Rosemary.  See  Rosmarinus. 

Rosmari'nus.  (U.S.Ph.)  Rosemary. 
The  tops  of  Posmai’i'nus  ojfficina' lis. 

Sage.  See  Salvia. 

Sal'via.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sage.  The  leaves 
of  Sal’ via  officina’lis. 

Solida'go.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Golden  Rod. 
The  leaves  of  Solida’go  odo’ra. 

Spearmint.  See  Mentlia  Viridis. 

Sweet  Flag.  See  Calamus. 

Tanace'tum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tansy. 
The  herb  of  Tanace'tum  vulga’re. 

Tansy.  See  Tanacetum. 

Turmeric.  See  Curcuma. 

Vanil'la.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  prepared 
unripe  capsules  of  Vanil’la  aromat’ica. 

619 


MINERAL  TONICS. 


Wild  Ginger.  See  Asarum. 

Wintera.  See  Prymis  Winter!. 
Wintergreen.  See  Craultiieria. 
Winter’s  Bark.  See  i>ryniis  Win- 
ter!. 

Zin'giber.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Gin- 
ger. The  rhizoma  of  Zin'giber  offici- 
na'le  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  rhizome,  scraped 
and  dried,  of  Zingiber  officinale  (Br.  Ph.). 

SECTION  V,— Mineral  Tonics. 

A^'idum  Muriat'icum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Muriatic  Acid.  See  Class  VI. 

A^'idnm  Nl'tricum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitric  Acid.  Aqua  Fortis.  A 
strongly  acid,  corrosive,  colorless  or  yel- 
lowish liquid.  Specific  gravity,  1.420 
(U.S.  Ph.).  Specific  gravity,  1.5  (Br. 
Ph.). 

A^'iduin  BTi'tricum  Dilu'hmi. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Dilute  Nitric  Acid. 
A colorless  liquid.  Specific  gravity,  1.068 
(U.S.  Ph.).  Specific  gravity,  1.101  (Br. 
Ph.). 

A$'idum  jtfitromuriat'ieum. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Nitromuriatic  Acid.  A com- 
pound of  three  parts,  by  weight,  of 
nitric  acid  with  five  parts  of  muriatic 
acid. 

A^'idtim  Pliosplior'icum  I>ilu'- 
tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Dilute  Phosphoric 
Acid. 

A^'idum Sulphu'ricum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Sulphuric  Acid,  or  Oil  of  Vit- 
riol. A colorless  liquid  of  an  oily  ap- 
pearance, intensely  acid  and  corrosive. 
Specific  gravity,  1.843  (U.S.  Ph.),  1.846 
(Br.  Ph.). 

A^'idum Sulphu'ricum  Aromat'- 
icum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Aromatic 
Sulphuric  Acid;  otherwise  called  Elixir 
of  Vitriol. 

Ammoniated  Copper.  See  Cuprum 
Ammoniatiim. 

Argen'ti  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nitrate  of  Silver.  Lunar  Caustic.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

? Argen'ti  Ox'idum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oxide  of  Silver. 

Aromatic  Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Aci- 
dmn  Sulpliuricum  Aroinaticnm. 

ISasniu'iQ&i  Subni'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth,  or  White  Bis- 
muth; sometimes  called  White  Oxide  of 
Bismuth.  See  Class  IV. 

ISisniu'f  huan  A1  Ini  in.  (Br.  Ph.) 
White  Bismuth.  The  same  as  lliKmu- 
tlii  Subnitras. 

Bisulphate  of  Potash.  See  Potas«« 

Ilisiilphus. 

620 


Black  Oxide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Oxidum  Magneticum. 

Biue  Vitriol.  See  Cupri  Sulplias. 
Calamine.  See  Zinci  Car  bon  as. 

Carbonate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Car- 
bon as. 

Citrate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Citras. 
Citrate  of  Iron  and  Quinia.  See  Ferri 
et  Quinise  Citras. 

Copperas.  See  Ferri  Sulphas. 
Cu'pri  ►Sul  phas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  or  Blue  Vitriol.  See 
Class  I.,  and  XVIII. 

Cu  prum  Ammonia'tum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ammoniated  Copper. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol.  See  Acidum  Sul- 
phurieum  Aroinaticum. 

Fer'ri- Ammo’nio-  Cihras.  See  Ferri  et 
Ammoniie  Citras. 

Fer'ri  Carbo'nasSacchara'ta.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Saccharated  Carbonate  of  Iron. 
Fer'ri  Chlo'ridum . See  Class  XIII. 
Fer'ri  Ci'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Citrate 
of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  et  Ammo'nise  Ci'tras.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Citrate  of  Iron  and  Ammonia; 
otherwise  called  Ferri-Ammonio-Citras. 

Fer'ri  et  Ammo'nife  Tar'tras. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Tartrate  of  Iron  and  Am- 
monia. 

Fer'ri  et  Potas'sa;  Tar'tras.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Tartrate  of  Iron  and  Potash.  A 
substance  occurring  in  transparent  scales 
of  a dark,  ruby-red  color,  and  wholly 
soluble  in  water. 

Fer'ri  et  Quin'ia*  Ci'tras.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Citrate  of  Iron  and  Quinia. 

Fer'ri  Ferrocyan'idum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Ferrocyanide  of  Iron.  Pure  Prussian 
Blue.  A pigment  of  a rich  blue  color. 

Fer'ri  lod'idum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Iodide 
of  Iron.  See  Classes  XIII.  and  X. 

Fer'ri  liac'tas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Lactate 
of  Iron.  A substance  in  greenish-white 
crystalline  crusts  or  grains  of  a mild 
sweetish  taste. 

Fer'ri  Ox'idum  Magnet'icnm. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron; 
otherwise  called  Fer’ri  Ox’idum  Ni’gnim , 
or  Black  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Perchlo'ridi  Li'quor.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Pcrchloride  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Pernitra'tis  Li  quor.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Pernitrate  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Perox'idum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Per- 
oxide (or  Rust)  of  Iron.  A powder  of  a 
dark  brown  color,  and  destitute  of  taste. 

Fer'ri  Plios'phas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Phosphate  of  Iron.  A slate-colored 
powder,  insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in 
the  mineral  acids. 


MINERAL  TONICS. 


Fer’ri  Pul’ vis.  See  Ferrum  Redac- 
t um. 

Fer'ri  Ramen’ta.  Iron  Filings. 

Fer’ri  Rubi'go.  (Rust  of  Iron.)  See 
Ferri  Peroxidum. 

Fer'ri  Subcarbo'nas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Subcarbonate  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Snl'plias.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  or  Copperas.  See  Class 
I.,  Section  II. 

Fer'ri  Sul'phas  Gramila'ta.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Granulated  Sulphate  of  Iron. 

Ferrocyanuret  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Ferrocyanidum. 

Fer'rum  Ammonia’ turn.  Ammoniated 
Iron. 

Fer'rum  Redac'tum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Reduced  Iron  5 otherwise  called 
Ferri  Pulvis  (Powder  of  Iron). 

Fer'rum  Tartara'tum.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Tartarated  Iron.  The  same  as  Ferri 
et  Potassae  Tart  r as. 

Iodide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Iodidum. 

Iron  Filings.  See  Ferri  Ramenta. 

Lactate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Lactas. 

Lime  Water.  See  Liquor  Calc  is. 

Li'quor  Cal'cii  Chlo'ridi.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chloride  of  Lime  (or 
Calcium).  See  Class  X. 

Li'quor  Cal'cis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Lime  Water,  or  Solution  of  Lime. 

Li 'quor  Fer'ri  Nitra'tis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Iron. 

Lunar  Caustic.  See  Argenti  Nitras. 

Magistery  of  Bismuth.  See  Bismu- 
tlii  Subnitras. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Oxidum  Magneticuin. 

Mangane’ sii  Ox'idum.  Oxide  of  Man- 
ganese. 

Muriatic  Acid.  See  Aeidum  Muri- 
atieum. 

Nitrate  of  Silver.  See  Argenti  Ul- 
tras. 

Nitric  Acid.  See  Aeidum  Nitricum. 

Nitromuriatic  Acid.  See  Aeidum 
Nitromu  riaticum. 

Oil  of  Vitriol.  See  Aeidum  S11I- 
phurieum. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  See  Manga- 
nesii  Oxidum. 

Oxide  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Oxidum. 

Perchloride  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Per- 
chloridi  Liquor. 

Peroxide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Per- 
oxidum. 


Phosphate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Phos- 
phas. 

Potas’sse  Bi8iil’plia8.  Bisulphate  of 
Potash. 

Precipitated  Carbonate  of  Iron.  The 
same  as  Ferri  Subearbonas. 

Precipitated  Carbonate  of  Zinc.  See 
Zinci  Carbonas  Prnecipitata. 

Protocarbonate  of  Iron.  The  same  as 
Ferri  Subearbonas. 

Reduced  Iron.  See  Ferrum  Redac- 
tion. 

Rust  of  Iron.  ( Fer’ri  Rubi’go.)  See 

Ferri  Peroxidum. 

Saccharated  Carbonate  of  Iron.  See 

Ferri  ( arbonas  Saccharata. 

Salt,  Common.  See  Sodii  Chlori- 
du  in. 

So'dii  Ctilo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt.  See  Section  III.  of  this  class. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Calcium.  See 
Liquor  Calcii  Chloridi. 

Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Iron.  See 
Liquor  Ferri  Nitratis. 

Subcarbonate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Subearbonas. 

Subnitrate  of  Bismuth.  See  Bismu- 
tlii  Subnitras. 

Sulphate  of  Copper.  See  Cupri  Sul- 
plias. 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Aeidum  Sul- 
phuricum. 

Tartarated  Iron.  See  Ferrum  Tar- 
taratum. 

Tartrate  of  Iron  and  Ammonia.  See 

Ferri  et  Ammoniac  Tartras. 

Tartrate  of  Iron  and  Potash.  See 

Ferri  et  Potassae  Tartras. 

White  Bismuth,  or  White  Oxide  of 
Bismuth.  See  Bismuthi  Subnitras. 
White  Vitriol.  Se<  Zinci  Sulphas. 
Zin'^i  Carbo'nas.  (Br.  Ph.)  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc. 

Zin'^i  Carbo'nas  Praecipita'ta. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Precipitated  Carbonate  of 
Zinc. 

Zin'qi  Iod’iclum.  Iodide  of  Z'nc. 
Zin'$i  Ox'idum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Oxide  of  Zinc. 

Zin'^i  Sul  phas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Zinc.  White  Vitriol.  See 
Class  VIII. 


53 


621 


ARTERIAL  STIMULANTS.— NERVOUS  STIMULANTS. 


CLASS  III. 

ARTERIAL  STIMULANTS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  EXCITE  THE  CIRCULATION  WITH  LITTLE  COMPARATIVE  INFLU- 
ENCE ON  THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM. 


Ammo'niee  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Ammonia,  or  Sal 
Volatile.  A substance  in  white  translu- 
cent masses,  having  a pungent  ammoni- 
acal  odor,  and  soluble  in  water. 

? Ammo  nia?  Li  quor  For'tior. 
(Br.  Ph.)  Strong  Solution  of  Ammonia. 
See  Class  XVII. 

Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia.  See 

Spiritus  Ammonia?  Aromaticns. 

? Buc'co.  (Br.  Ph.)  Buchu.  See 

next  article. 

? Bn'chu.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Buchu,  Bucco, 
or  Bookoo.  The  leaves  of  Baros'ma 
crena'ta  and  other  species  of  Barosma. 
See  Class  X. 

Cap'sicuim.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ca- 
yenne Pepper.  The  fruit  of  Cap'sicum 
an'nuum  and  of  other  species  of  Capsi- 
cum (U.S.  Ph.).  The  ripe  fruit,  dried,  of 
Cap'  sicum  fasti gia' turn  (Br.  Ph.). 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See  Ammo- 
nia? Carbonas. 

Cayenne  Pepper.  See  Capsicum. 


? Cere  vis' ise  Fermen'tum.  (Br. 

Ph.)  Yeast  of  Beer. 

Oil  of  Turpentine.  See  Oleum  Te- 
rebinthiiue. 

O leum  Terebin'tliime.  Oil  of 

Turpentine,  or  Spirits  of  Turpentine. 
The  volatile  -oil  distilled  from  the  tur- 
pentine of  Pi'  nns  pal  us*  tris  and  of  other 
species  of  Finns.  See  Class  X. 

Phosphorus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Phospho- 
rus. A translucent,  nearly  colorless  solid, 
resembling  wax,  without  taste,  but  hav- 
ing a peculiar  smell.  (Poisonous  except 
in  very  minute  doses.) 

Spirit  of  Ammonia.  See  Spiritus 
Ammonia*. 

Spir'itus  Ammo 'ilia?.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Spirit  of  Ammonia. 

Spir'itns  Ammo'nia?  Aromat'i- 

cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Aromatic 
Spirit  of  Ammonia.  See  Class  IV. 

Turpentine,  Spirits  of.  See  Oleum 
Terebinthinse. 


CLASS  IV. 

NERVOUS  STIMULANTS  (ANTISPASMODICS). 

MEDICINES  WHICH  TO  THE  POWER  OF  STIMULATING  THE  HEART  AND  ARTERIES 
ADD  THAT  OF  EXCITING  THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM. 


^E'tber.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ether; 
otherwise  called  Sulphuric  Ether.  Oxide 
of  Ethyl.  A very  inflammable,  volatile 
liquid  obtained  from  alcohol  and  sul- 
phuric acid. 

Allium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Garlic.  See 
Class  XII. 

Alum.  See  Alumen. 

Alti'inen.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Alum. 
Sulphate  of  Alumina  and  Potassa. 

Ammoniac.  See  Ammonincum. 

Ammon i'acumi.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
The  concrete  juice  of  Dore'ma  ammoni'- 
acnm  (U.S.  Ph.).  A gum-resinous  exu- 
dation from  the  stem  of  Borema  ammo- 
niacum  (Br.  Ph.). 

622 


Ammo'nia?  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See 
Class  III. 

Ammo  nia?  llydrochlo'ras.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Hydrochlorate  of  Ammonia.  The 
same  as  Amiiionise  Murias. 

? Ammo  nite  Glo  rias.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Muriate  of  Ammonia,  or  Sal  Ammoniac. 
A white  fibrous  salt,  with  a pungent 
saline  taste,  but  no  smell. 

Argen'ti  Xi'tras.  (U.S. and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  or  Lunar  Caustic.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

Arsen  ti  Ox'iilum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oxide  of  Silver. 

Ar'nica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Leo- 


NERVOUS  STIMULANTS. 


pard’s  Bane.  Arnica  Root.  The  flowers 
of  Ar’nica  monta'na  (U.S.  Ph.).  The 
dried  root  of  Arnica  vnontana  (Br.  Ph.). 

Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia.  See 
Spiritus  Ammonia*  Arom&ticus. 

Assafoet'ida.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  A's- 
safetida.  The  concrete  juice  (or  gum 
resin)  obtained  from  the  root  of  the 
Nar'thex  assafoet’ida  (or  Fer'ula  assa- 
foet'ida). 

Bismu'thi  Subni'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth,  or  White  Bis- 
muth. A heavy  white  powder  in  minute 
crystalline  scales. 

Bismu'tliiim  Album.  (Br.  Ph.) 
White  Bismuth.  The  same  as  Bismu- 
tlii  Subnitras. 

Caf'fea.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Coffee.  The  seed 
of  Caf'fea  Arab'ica. 

(amphora.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 

Camphor.  See  Class  V. 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See  Ammo- 
nia? Carbonas. 

Castor.  See  Castoreum. 

Castoreum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Castor.  A peculiar  concrete  substance, 
obtained  from  Cas'tor  fi'ber. 

Cata'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Catnep.  The 
leaves  of  Nep'eta  cata'ria.  ( Carminative.) 

Catnep.  See  Catarla. 

Cherry  Laurel.  See  Laurocerastis. 

Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Clilo- 
ri  <ln  in. 

Coca.  See  Erythroxylon  Coca. 

Coffee.  See  Caffea. 

Compound  Spirit  of  Ether.  See  Spi- 
ritus  AEtlieris  Composilus. 

Cro'cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Saffron. 
The  stigmas  of  Cro'cus  sati'vus. 

? Cu  prum  Ammonia' turn.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ammoniated  Copper.  See  Class  II. 

Cypripe’ dium  Parvijlo'  rum.  Ladies’ 

Slipper. 

Dore’ma  Ammoni' acum.  See  Ainnio- 
niacum. 

Dracon'tium.  (U.S.Ph.)  Skunk  Cab- 
bage. The  root  of  Dracon'tium  foet'idum. 

Erythrox' ylon  Co’ca. 

Fer'ula  Assafoet'ida.  See  Assafoetida. 

Oal'banum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
See  Class  XII. 

Garlic.  See  Allium. 

Hoffmann’s  Anodyne.  See  Spiritus 
Atheris  Composilus. 

Ladies’  Slipper.  See  Cypripedium 
Parviflorum. 

Laurocer'asus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Cherry 
Laurel  Leaves.  The  fresh  leaves  of 
Pru'nus  laurocer’  asus. 

Leopard’s  Bane.  See  Arnica. 

Eycopo'dium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  spo- 


rules  of  Lycopo’dium  clava'tum  and  other 
species  of  Lycopodium.  See  Class  X. 

Mos'chus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Musk. 
A peculiar  concrete  substance,  obtained 
from  Mos'chus  moschiferus  (U.S.  Ph.). 
The  inspissated  secretion  from  the  pre- 
putial follicles  of  the  Moschus  moschife- 
rus (Br.  Ph.). 

Muriate  of  Ammonia.  See  Ammo- 
nite Murias. 

Musk.  See  Moschus. 

Nar'thex  Assafoet'ida.  See  Assafoet- 
ida. 

Nep'eta  Cata’ria.  See  Calaria. 

Nitrate  of  Silver.  See  A rgenti  Nitras. 

Oil  of  Amber.  See  Oleum  Succini. 

Oil  of  Camphor.  See  Oleum  Cam- 
phorse. 

Oil  of  Rue.  See  Oleum  Rutse. 

O leum  Cam'pliorte.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Oil  of  Camphor. 

O'leuin  Bu  tte.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of 
Rue.  The  oil  distilled  from  Ru’ta  grav’- 
eolen8. 

O leum  Suc'^ini.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Amber.  The  volatile  oil  obtained  by 
the  destructive  distillation  of  amber. 

Oxide  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Oxidum. 

Petro'leum.  Rock  Oil. 

Pru'nus  Laurocer' asus.  See  Lauro* 
cerasus. 

Rock  Oil.  See  Petroleum. 

Rue.  See  Ruta. 

Ru’ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Rue.  The  leaves 
of  Ru'ta  grav’eolens. 

Ru'tse  O'leum.  See  Oleum  Rutae. 

Saffron.  See  Crocus. 

Sagape'num.  (Lond.  Ph.)  The  gum 
resin  of  an  unknown  plant. 

Scutella'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Scull-cap. 
The  herb  of  Scutella'ria  lateriflo'ra. 

Skunk  Cabbage.  See  Dracontium. 

Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether.  See  Spiritus 
AEtheris  Kltrosi. 

Spir'itus  ^E'theris  Compos'itus. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Compound  Spirit  of  Ether, 
or  Hoffmann’s  Anodyne. 

Spir'itus  iE'theris  NTitro'si  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.) ; formerly  Spir'itus  JE'theris 
Ni'trici.  Spirit  of  Nitrous  or  Nitric 
Ether;  otherwise  called  Sweet  Spirit  of 
Nitre. 

Spir'itus  Ammo'niae  Aromat'icus. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Aromatic  Spirit  of 
Ammonia. 

Subnitrate  of  Bismuth.  See  Bismu- 
thi  Subnitras. 

Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre.  See  Spiritus 
iEtheris  Xitrosi. 

The’ a Ni'gra.  Black  Tea. 

The' a Vir'idis.  Green  Tea. 

623 


NERVOUS  STIMULANTS.— CEREBRAL  STIMULANTS. 


Valerian.  See  Valeriana. 

Valeriana.  (U.S. andBr.  Ph.)  Vale- 
rian. The  root  of  Valeria' net  officinalis. 

Valerianate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Va- 
lerianas. 

Vi'num.  Wine. 

White  Bismuth.  See  Bismuthi  Sub- 
nitras. 


Zin'^i  Chlo'ridum.  (U.  S.  and 

Br.  Ph.)  Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Class 
XVIII. 

Zin'?i  Ox'idum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Oxide  of  Zinc.  A yellowish-white  pow- 
der. 

Zin'^i  Valeria'nas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Valerianate  of  Zinc. 


CLASS  Y. 

CEREBRAL  STIMULANTS  (NARCOTICS). 

MEDICINES  WHICH,  WITH  A STIMULATING  INFLUENCE  OYER  THE  CIRCULATION  AND 
THE  GENERAL  NERVOUS  SYSTEM,  COMBINE  A PECULIAR  DETERMINATION  TO  THE 
BRAIN. 


Acetate  of  Morphia.  See  Morpbise 
Ac  etas. 

Ace'tum  O'pii.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Vinegar 
of  Opium,  or  Black  Drop. 

Ag'idum  Acet'icum  Camphor  a' turn. 
Camphorated  Acetic  Acid. 

Acrid  Lettuce.  See  Eactuca  Virosa. 

iE'tlier.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ether, 
or  Sulphuric  Ether.  A very  inflammable 
volatile  liquid  prepared  with  alcohol  and 
sulphuric  acid. 

iE'ther  For'tior.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Strong- 
er Ether. 

Al'cohol.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Alcohol.  Spirit 
of  the  specific  gravity  0.835  (Absolute 
Alcohol  being  0.795). 

At'  r op  a Belladon'na,  or  Deadly  Night- 
shade. See  Belladonna,  and  Bella- 
donna Folium. 

Atro'pia.  (Br.  Ph.)  An  alkaloid  ob- 
tained from  Belladonna  Root.  (A  deadly 
poison,  except  in  very  minute  doses.) 

Belladon'na.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  leaves 
of  At'ropa  helladon' na.  See  next  article. 

Belladon'nae  Fo  lium.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Belladonna  Leaf.  The  leaves  of  At'ropa 
belladon'na. 

Belladon'na^  Ra  dix.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Belladonna  Root. 

Bittersweet.  See  Bulcamara. 

Black  Drop.  See  Acetum  Opii. 

Brandy.  See  Spiritus  Vini  Gallici. 

Bugle  weed.  See  Eycopus. 

Camphor.  See  Campliora. 

Cam'pliora.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Camphor.  A peculiar  concrete  sub- 
stance derived  from  Cam'pliora  officina'- 
rum  (U.S.  Ph.).  A concrete  volatile  oil, 
obtained  by  sublimation  from  the  wood 
of  Camphora  officinarum  (Br.  Ph.). 

Camphorated  Acetic  Acid.  See  Aci- 
dum  Aceticum  Camplioratum. 

624 


Can'nabis  In'dica.  (Br.  Ph.)  The 
flowering  tops  of  Indian  Hemp. 

Chloroform.  See  Cfiiloroformum. 

Chlorofor'mum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Chlo- 
roform. A colorless  volatile  liquid.  Spe- 
cific gravity,  1.496. 

Chlorofor'mum  Vena'le.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Commercial  Chloroform.  A color- 
less volatile  liquid  varying  . in  specific 
gravity  from  1.45  to  1.49,  obtained  by 
distilling  a mixture  of  chloride  of  lime 
and  alcohol. 

Compound  Spirit  of  JEther.  See  Spir- 

itus  iEtlieris  Compositus. 

Coni'i  Fruc'tiis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Hemlock 
Fruit. 

Coni'um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Hem- 
lock. The  leaves  of  Coni'um  macula' turn 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  fresh  leaves  and  branches 
of  Conium  maculatum,  gathered  when  the 
fruit  begins  to  form  (Br.  Ph.).  (An  active 
poison.) 

Creasote.  See  Creasotum. 

Creaso'tum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Creasote.  A peculiar  substance  obtained 
from  wood  tar  (U.S.  Ph.).  A product  of 
the  distillation  of  wood  tar  (Br.  Ph.). 

Datu'ra  Stramo'nium . SeeStrainonii 
Folium. 

Deadly  Nightshade.  See  Bella- 
donna. 

Dulcama  ra.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Bittersweet.  The  stalks  of  Sola'num  dul- 
cama'ra. 

Ether.  See  iEthor. 

Extrac'tum  (an'nabK  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Extract  of  Hemp.  An  alcoholic  extract 
of  the  dried  tops  of  Can'nabis  sati'va , 
variety  Jn'dica. 

Extrac'tum  Can'nabis  In 'diene. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Extract  of  Indian  Ilcmp.  See 
preceding  article. 


CEREBRAL  STIMULANTS. 


Hemlock  Leaves  and  Seed.  See  Co- 

nium. 

Henbane.  See  Hyoscyamus. 

Henbane  Leaves.  See  Myoscyami 
Folium. 

Henbane  Seed.  See  Hyoscyami  Se- 
men. 

Hops.  See  Humulus. 

Humulus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hops.  The 
strobiles  of  Hu'rnulus  lu'pulus. 

Hyoscy'ami  Fo'lium.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
The  leaves  of  Hyoscy'amus  ni'ger. 

Hyoscy'ami  Se  men.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
The  seed  of  Hyoscy'amus  ni'ger. 

Hyoscy'amus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Henbane. 
The  same  as  Hyoscyami  Folium. 

Indian  Hemp.  See  Cannabis  Imlica. 

Jamaica  Dogwood.  See  Piscidia 
Fry  th  r ina. 

Lactu'ca  Sati'va.  See  Factucarium. 

Lactu'ca  Viro'sa.  Acrid  Lettuce. 

Faetuea'rium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The 
concrete  juice  of  Lactu'ca  sati’va. 

Lau'nis  Cam'pliora.  See  Camphora. 

Lupulin.  See  Fupulina. 

Lcipuli'iia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Lupulin.  The 
yellow  powder  attached  to  the  strobiles 
of  Hu'rnulus  lu'pulus. 

Fu'pulus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Hop.  The  dried 
catkins  of  the  female  plant  of  Humulus 
lupulus.  See  Humulus. 

Fyc'opus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Bugleweed. 
The  herb  of  Lyo.'opus  Virgin' icus. 

Morphia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  A substance 
in  the  form  of  colorless  crystals,  which 
are  inflammable  and  wholly  dissipated 
by  a red  heat. 

Mor'pliise  Ace'tas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ace- 
tate of  Morphia.  A white  powder  en- 
tirely soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol. 

Mor'pliise  Hydrochlo'ras.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Hydrochlorate  (or  Muriate)  of 
Morphia.  See  next  article. 

Mor'pliise  Mu'rias.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Mu- 
riate of  Morphia.  A substance  occurring 
in  snow-white  feathery  crystals. 

Mor'pliise  Sulphas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Morphia.  A substance  in 
the  form  of  snow-white  feathery  crystals 
which  are  wholly  soluble  in  water. 

Muriate  of  Morphia.  See  Morphine 
Murias. 

? Myris'tica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nutmeg.  See  Class  II.,  Section  IV. 

Nicotia'  na  Tab'acum.  See  Tabacum. 

Nitrous  Oxide  (Gas).  See  Oxiduin 
Nitrosuuia 

Nutmeg.  See  Myristica. 

O pium.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Opium. 
The  concrete  (or  inspissated)  juice  of  the 
unripe  capsules  of  Papa’ver  somni/'erum. 
53* 


Ox'idum  Nitro'sum.  Nitrous  Oxide. 
Papa'ver.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Poppy 
Capsules. 

Papa'ver  Somnif' erum.  See  Opium. 
Piscid'ia  Erythri'na . Jamaica  Dog- 
wood. 

Poison  Oak,  Poison  Sumach.  See 

Rhus  Toxicodendron. 

Port  Wine.  See  Yinum  Portense. 
Pyroxylic  Spirit.  See  Spiritus  Py- 
roxylicus. 

Rhoe'as.  (Br.  Ph.)  Red  Poppy  Petals. 
The  petals  of  Papaver  rhceas. 

Ithus  Toxicoden’ dron.  See  Toxico- 
dendron. 

Sola’num  JDulcama'ra . See  Dulca- 

mara. 

Spiritus  A'theris  Compos'itus. 

Compound  Spirit  of  Ether.  See  Class 
IV. 

Spir'itus  Frumen'ti.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
“ Spirit  of  Grain,”  or  Whiskey. 

Spir'itus  Pyroxyl'icus  Rectifi- 
ca'tus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Rectified  Pyroxylic 
Spirit. 

Spir'itus  Rectifica'tus.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Rectified  Spirit. 

Spir'itus  Vi'ni  Gal'lici.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Spirit  of  French  Wine,  or  Brandy. 

Stramo'nii  Fo'lia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Stra- 
mo'nii  Fo'lium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Leaves 
of  Stramonium.  The  leaves  of  Datu’ra 
straruo'  nium. 

Stramo'nii  Ra'dix.  Root  of  Stra- 
monium. 

Stramo'nii  Semen.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Stramo'nii  Sem'ina.  (Br.  Ph.)  Seed 
of  Stramonium.  The  seed  of  Hatu’ra 
stramo’nium. 

Stramonium  (Leaf).  See  Stramo- 
uii  Folium. 

Stramonium  (Seed).  See  Stramonii 
Semen. 

Stronger  Ether.  See  JEther  For- 
tior. 

? Sty'rax.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Storax. 
Sulphuric  Ether.  See  iEther. 
Tab'acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  To- 
bacco. See  Class  VII. 

Tobacco.  See  Tabacum. 
Toxicoden'dron.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Poison 
Oak.  The  leaves  of  Phus  toxicoden' dron. 
Vinegar  of  Opium.  See  Acetum  Opii. 
Vi’num.  Wine. 

? Vi'mim  Porten'se.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Port  Wine.  See  Class  I. 

Vi'num  Xer'icum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Sherry  Wine;  otherwise  called 
Vi'num  Al'bum  (White  Wine). 

Wine.  See  Vinum. 

W oody  Nightshade.  See  Dulcamara* 
625 


ARTERIAL  SEDATIVES. 


CLASS  YI. 

ARTERIAL  SEDATIVES. 

MEDICINES  WHICH,  BY  THEIR  IMMEDIATE  INFLUENCE,  PRODUCE  A REDUCTION  OF 
THE  VI1AL  ACTIONS.  SOME  OF  THESE  ARE  DIRECTED  MORE  ESPECIALLY  TO  THE 
CIRCULATORY  SYSTEM,  WITHOUT  ANY  IMMEDIATE  INFLUENCE  UPON  THE  NERVOUS 
POWER.  THOUGH  SEDATIVE  IN  THEIR  GENERAL  INFLUENCE,  THEY  MAY  BE  STIMU- 
LATING TO  PARTICULAR  FUNCTIONS  OR  ORGANS. 


Acetate  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi  Ace- 
tas. 

Acetic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Aceti- 
cum. 

Acidum  Acet'icum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Acetic  Acid.  A colorless  liquid 
having  a pungent  odor  and  a specific 
gravity  of  1.047  (U.S.  Ph.).  An  acid 
liquid  prepared  from  wood  by  destructive 
distillation.  Specific  gravity,  1.044  (Br. 
Ph.). 

A$'idum  Cit'ricum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Citric  Acid.  A substance  in  color- 
less crystals,  freely  soluble  in  water,  and 
soluble  in  alcohol  (U.S.  Ph.).  An  acid 
obtained  from  lemon-juice,  in  colorless 
right  rhombic  prisms  (Br.  Ph.). 

A$'idum  Hydroclilo'ricum.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Hydrochloric  Acid.  The  same  as 
Acidum  Muriaticum. 

A$'idum  Muriat'icum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Muriatic  Acid;  otherwise  termed  Hydro- 
chloric Acid.  An  aqueous  solution  of 
hydrochloric  acid  gas,  of  the  specific 
gravity  1.160.  (Refrigerant  and  tonic.) 

A^'idum  Nitricum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitric  Acid.  See  Class  II. 

Ac  idum  Tartar  icum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Tartaric  Acid.  A substance  in 
the  form  of  colorless  crystals. 

Ammo'nise  Hydrosulphure' turn.  Hydro- 
sulphuret  of  Ammonia. 

Antimonial  Powder.  See  Pulvis  An- 
timonialis. 

Antimonial  Wine.  See  Vinuin  An- 
timonii. 

Antiiiio'nii  et  Potas'sse  Tar'tras. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Tartar  Emetic.  See  Class  VIII. 

Antiiiio'nii  Ox'idum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oxide  of  Antimony.  See  Class 
VIII. 

Antimo'nii  Sulpliure'tum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Sulpharet  of  Antimony. 

Antiino'nium  Sulpliura'tum. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Sulphurated  Antimony.  See 
Class  XI. 

Antimo'niiun  Tartara'tmn.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Tartarated  Antimony.  The  same 

as  Antimonii  et  Potassse  Tartras. 

626 


Bitartrate  of  Potash.  See  Potassse 
Bi  tartras. 

Bo'rax.  (Br.  Ph.)  Biborate  of  Soda. 

See  Sodae  Boras. 

Carbonate  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi  Car- 
bonos. 

Chlorate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassse 
Chloras. 

Citric  Acid.  See  Acidum  Citricum. 
Cream  of  Tartar.  See  Potassse  Bi- 
tartras. 

Ferrocyanide  of  Potassium.  See  Po- 

tassii  Ferrocyanidum. 

Hydrosulphuret  of  Ammonia.  See 
Ammonite  Mydrosulplm  return. 

Limo'nis  Suc'cus.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Lemon-Juice. 

Mo'ri  Suc'cus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Mulberry- 
Juice.  The  juice  of  the  ripe  fruit  of 
Mo'rus  ni'yra. 

Mulberry- Juice.  See  Mori  Succus. 
Nitrate  of  Potash.  See  Potassse 
Xitras. 

Nitre.  See  Potassse  Xitras. 

Oxide  of  Antimony.  See  Antimonii 
Oxidum. 

Plum  bi  Ace'tas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Acetate  of  Lead,  or  Sugar  of  Lead.  See 
Class  I. 

Plum  bi  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Lead,  or  White  Lead. 
See  Class  I. 

Potas'sse  Bitar'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bitartrate  of  Potash,  or  Cream  of  Tartar. 
A white  powder,  dissolved  sparingly  in 
water. 

Potas'sse  Fhlo'ras.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chlorate  of  Potassa.  A salt 
occurring  in  colorless  tabular  crystals. 

Potas'sse  Ci'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Citrate  of  Potassa.  See  Class  XI. 

Potas'sse  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitrate  of  Potash,  Nitre,  or  Salt- 
petre. A salt  occurring  in  colorless 
prismatic  crystals,  unalterable  in  the 
air. 

Potas'sse  Tar'tras  A?'ida.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Acid  Tartrate  of  Potash.  The 

same  as  Potassse  Bitartras. 


ARTERIAL  SEDATIVES.— NERVOUS  SEDATIVES. 


Potas'sii  Ferrocyan'idum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ferrocyanide  of  Potassium. 

Pul' vis  Antimonia'lis.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Powder.  See  Class  XI. 

Rhus  Glabrum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Su- 
mach. The  fruit  of  Rhus  glabrum. 

Saltpetre.  See  Potassae  Xitras. 

So'd;e  Bo'ras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Borate  of 
Soda,  or  Borax.  A salt  in  colorless  crys- 
tals, which  slightly  effloresce  in  dry  air. 

Sugar  of  Lead.  See  Pluinbi  Acetas. 

Sulphurated  Antimony.  See  Anti- 
monium  Sulpliuratum. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  See  Anti- 
raonii  Sulpliuratum. 

Sumach.  See  Rhus  Glabrum. 

Tamarind.  See  Tamarindus. 

Tamariii'dus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 


Tamarind.  The  preserved  fruit  of  Tama - 
rin'dus  fn'dica. 

Tartar  Emetic.  See  Antimonii  et 
Potassae  Tartras. 

Tartarated  Antimony.  See  Antimo- 
11  i m m Tartaratum. 

Tartaric  Acid.  See  Acidum  Tarta- 
ricum. 

Tartarized  Antimony.  See  Antirno- 
uii  et  Potassae  Tartras. 

Tartrate  of  Antimony  and  Potash. 

See  Antimonii  et  Potassae  Tartras. 

Yi'num  Antimonia'le.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  W me.  The  same  as  Vinum 
Antimonii. 

Yi'num  Autimo'nii.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Wine,  or  Wine  of  Antimony. 
See  Class  VIII. 


CLASS  VII. 

NERVOUS  SEDATIVES. 

MEDICINES  WHICH,  IN  THEIR  PRIMARY  OPERATION,  REDUCE  AT  THE  SAME  TIME  THE 
NERVOUS  POWER  AND  THE  FORCE  OF  THE  CIRCULATION. 


A^'idum  Hydrocyan'icum  Di- 
lu'tum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Diluted 
Hydrocyanic  Acid  or  Prussic  Acid.  A 
colorless  liquid,  having  a peculiar  odor; 
specific  gravity,  0.997. 

Aconite.  See  Aeonitum. 

Aconite  Root.  See  Aconiti  Radix. 

Aconi'tia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Aconitin.  (A  deadly  poison,  except  in 
extremely  minute  doses.) 

Aconi'ti  Fo  lium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Aco- 
nite Leaf.  The  leaves  of  Aconi'tum 
najjel'lus. 

Aconi'ti  Ra'dix.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Aconite  Root.  The  root  of  Aconi'tum 
napel'lus  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  root  of 
Aeonitum  napellus  (Br.  Ph.). 

Aconi'tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Aconite. 
Monkshood.  The  fresh  leaves  and 
flowering  tops  of  Aconi'tum  napel'lus. 

Black  Snakeroot.  See  Fimicifnga. 

Cherry  Laurel  Leaves.  See  JLauro- 
cerasus. 

? Cimicif 'uga.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Snakeroot.  The  root  of  Cimicifuga 
racemo'sa.  See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Cimicifuga  Racemo’sa . See  Cimi- 
cifuga. 

? Col'  chi  cum.  See  Class  X. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium.  See  Potassii 

Cyan  id  inn. 

Cyanuret  of  Potassium.  See  Potassii 
Cyanuretum. 


Dig-i tali 'num.  (Br.  Ph.)  Digitalin. 
The  active  principle  obtained  from  Digi- 
talis, a white,  intensely  bitter  substance, 
which  is  inodorous,  but  powerfully  irri- 
tates the  nostrils.  (It  is  an  active  poison.) 

Digita'lis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Digi- 
talis. Foxglove.  The  leaves  of  Digi- 
ta'lis purpu'rea , from  plants  of  the  second 
year’s  growth  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried 
leaf  of  Digitalis  purpurea,  gathered  when 
about  two-thirds  of  the  flowers  are  ex- 
panded (Br.  Ph.). 

Foxglove.  See  Digitalis. 

? Gelse'mium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  root 
of  Gelsemium  sempervirens. 

Hydrocyanic  Acid.  See  Acidum 
Hydroeyanicuin  Dilutum. 

Daurocerasus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Cherry 
Laurel  Leaves.  The  fresh  leaves  of  the 
Primus  lanrocera8us. 

Monkshood.  See  Aeonitum. 

Nicotia'na  Tab'acum.  See  Tabacum. 

Oil  of  Almonds  (Oleum  Amygda- 
lae). See  Class  XIX. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Almonds.  See  Oleum 
Amygdalae  Amarae. 

O'leum  Amyg'dalae  Ama'rae.  (U. 
S.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Bitter  Almonds.  The  oil 
obtained  by  distilling  with  water  the 
kernels  of  the  fruit  of  Amyg' dalus  com- 
mit'nis,  variety  ama'ra. 

Potas'sii  Cyau'idum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Cyanide  of  Potassium.  A substance  in 
627 


NERVOUS  SEDATIVES.— EMETICS. 


white,  opaque,  amorphous  pieces,  having 
an  alkaline  reaction. 

Potas'sii  Cyanure' turn.  See  Potassii 
Cyanidum. 

Prussic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Mydro- 
eyanicum. 


? Spir’itus  PyroxyV icus.  Pyroxylic 
Spirit. 

Tab'acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tobacco.  The  dried  leaves  of  Nicotia’na 
tab'acum. 

Tobacco.  See  Tabacum, 


CLASS  YIII. 

EMETICS. 

MEDICINES  CAPABLE  OP  PRODUCING  VOMITING  IN  CERTAIN  DOSES,  AND  AS  AN  ORDI- 
NARY RESULT. 


SECTION  I —Vegetable  Emetics. 

Ace'tum  Scil'lae.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Vine- 
gar of  Squill.  See  Class  XII. 

Adder’s  Tongue.  SeeErythronium. 

American  Hellebore.  See  Veratrum 
Vi  ride. 

Apos'ynusn  AndrosseEEiifo'lium. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Dogsbane.  The  root  of 
Apocynam  androssemi 'folium. 

Apoc'yiiwiii  CamiaM'mmii.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Indian  Hemp.  The  root  of  Apoc- 
ynum  cannabinum. 

Ascle'pias  Curassavi' ca.  Bastard  Ipe- 
cacuanha, or  Blood  Weed. 

Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta.  Flesh-colored 
Asclepias. 

Azed'arach.  (U.S.  Ph.)  See  Class  IX. 

Bloodroot.  See  Sanguinaria. 

Blue  Flag.  See  Iris  Versicolor. 

Buckbean.  See  Menyanthes  Tri- 
foliata. 

Cephae'lis  Ipecacuan'ha.  See  Ipe- 
cacuanha. 

Delphin'ium Staphisa’gria.  Stavesacre. 

Erythro'nium  America' num.  Adder’s 
Tongue. 

Eupato'rinm.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tho- 
roughwort,  or  Boneset.  See  Class  II., 
Section  III.,  and  Class  XI.,  Section  I. 

Euphor  bia  ( orolla'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Spurge,  or  Large-flowering  Spurge.  The 
root  of  Euphorbia  corollata. 

Euphorbia  Ipecacuan  ha.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ipecacuanha  Spurge.  The  root 
of  Euphorbia  ipjecacuanha. 

Fever  Root.  See  Triosteum. 

Flesh-colored  Asclepias.  See  Ascle- 
pias Incarnata. 

Florentine  Orris.  See  Iris  Floren- 
tina. 

Gille'nia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  root  of 
G tile'  nia  trifolia' ta,  and  of  Gille’nia 
stipula'cea. 

Gille'nia  Trifolia' ta.  See  Gillenia. 

628 


Indian  Tobacco.  See  Eobelia. 

Ipecacuan'ha.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Ipecacuan.  The  root  of  Cephae’lis  ipe- 
cacuan'ha (U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  root  of 
Cepha'elis  ipecacuanha  (Br.  Ph.). 

Ipecacuanha  Spurge.  See  Euphor- 
bia Ipecacuanha. 

I'ris  Florenti'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Flo- 
rentine Orris.  The  rhizoma  of  Iris  Flo- 
rentina.  See  Class  IX. 

I'ris  Versic'olor.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Blue 
Flag.  The  rhizoma  of  Iris  versicolor. 

Eobe'Iia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Indian 
Tobacco.  The  herb  of  Lobe’ Ha  infla'ta 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  herb  in  flower,  dried, 
of  Lobelia  inflata  (Br.  Ph.). 

Marsh  Trefoil.  See  Menyanthes 
TritMiata. 

Me’lia  Azed'arach.  See  Azedarach. 

Menyan'tlies  Trifolia' ta.  Buckbean,  or 
Marsh  Trefoil. 

Milkweed.  See  Euphorbia  Corol- 
lata. 

Mustard.  Sec  Sinapis. 

Nicotia’na  Tab'acum.  See  Tabacum. 

Phytolac'ca.  See  Phytolacca?  Kac- 
cse. 

Phytolac'ca?  Bac'ca?.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Poke  Berries.  The  berries  of  Phyto- 
lac'ca decan'dra. 

Phytolac'ca?  Radix.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Poke  Root.  The  root  of  Phytolacca 
decan'dra. 

Poke  Berries.  See  Phytolaccse 

Baccce. 

Poke  Root.  Sec  Phytolacca?  Radix. 

Polyg'ala  Sen'ega.  See  Senega. 

Pride  of  China,  or  Pride  of  India. 
See  Azodarach. 

Queen’s  Root.  See  Stilling-ia. 

Sanguina'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Blood- 
root.  The  rhizoma  of  Sanguina'ria  Cana- 
den'8is. 

Scsl'Ia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Squill. 
See  Class  XII. 


MINERAL  EMETICS. 


Sen'ega.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Seneka. 
See  Class  XII. 

Seneka.  See  Senega. 

Sina  pis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Mustard.  See 
next  article. 

Sina'pis  Al'ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  White 
Mustard.  See  Class  XVII. 

Spurge.  See  Euphorbia  Corollata. 

Squill.  Sec  Scilla. 

Stavesacre.  See  Delphinium  Sta- 
ph isagria. 

Stillin'gia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  root 
of  Stillin'gia  sylvat'ica. 

Tab'acuni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  To- 
bacco. See  Class  VII. 

Tobacco.  See  Tabacum. 

Trios'teum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Fever  Root, 
or  Wild  Ipecac.  See  Class  IX. 

Vera'tria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  An 
alkaloid  obtained  from  cevadilla.  A pale- 
gray,  intensely  acrid  and  bitter  sub- 
stance, without  smell,  but,  in  the  most 
minute  quantity,  powerfully  irritating 
the  nostrils.  (An  active  poison.) 

Yera'trum  Album.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
White  Hellebore.  The  rhizoma  of  Ve- 
ratmm  album. 

Vera'trum  Vir'ide.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
American  Hellebore.  The  rhizoma  of 
Veratnim  viride. 

Vinegar  of  Squill.  See  Acetuin 
Scilla*. 

White  Hellebore.  See  Veratrum 
Album. 

Wild  Ipecac.  See  Triosteiim. 

SECTION  II, — Mineral  Emetics, 

Antimonial  Powder.  See  Fulvis 
Antimonial  is. 

Antimo  nii  ct  Potas's«*e  Tar'tras. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Tartar  Emetio.  Tartrate  of 
Antimony  and  Potassa.  A salt  occur- 
ring in  transparent  crystals,  which  be- 
come white  and  opaque  on  exposure  to 
the  air. 

Antimo'nii  Ox'icluin.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oxide  of  Antimony.  A white  or 
grayish-white  powder,  insoluble  in  water. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  Native 
tersulphuret  of  antimony,  purified  by 
fusion. 

Antimo'nium  Sulphura'tum. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Sulphurated  Antimony.  See 
Class  XI. 

Antimo'nium  Tartara'tum.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Tartarated  Antimony,  or  Tartar 


Emetic.  The  same  as  Antimonii  et 
Potassa*  Tartras. 

Bichromate  of  Lead.  See  Plumbi 

Bicbromas. 

Bichromate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassa? 
Bicbromas. 

Blue  Vitriol.  See  Fupri  Snlplias. 
Chloride  of  Sodium.  See  Sodii  t lilo- 
r id  11  m. 

Cu'pri  Sulphas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Sulphate  of  Copper,  or  Blue  Vitriol. 
See  Class  XVIII. 

Ilydrar'gyri  Sulphas  Fla'va. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mercury, 
or  Turpeth  Mineral.  A lemon-yellow 
powder,  sparingly  soluble  in  water. 

Oxide  of  Antimony.  See  Antimonii 
Oxidum. 

Plum  bi  Bichro'mas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bichromate  of  Lead. 

Polas'sa?  Bichro'mas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bichromate  of  Potassa.  A substance  in 
the  form  of  orange-red,  anhydrous,  tabu- 
lar crystals. 

Pul'vis  Antimonia'lis.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Powder.  See  Class  XI. 

Salt.  See  Sodii  Cliloridum. 

? So'dii  Fhlo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt.  See  Class  II.,  Section  V. 

Sulphate  of  Copper.  See  Cupri  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphurated  Antimony.  See  Anti- 
monium  Sulphuratum. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  See  Anti- 
monii Sulphu  return. 

Tartar  Emetic.  See  Antimonii  et 
Potassje  Tartras. 

Tartarated  Antimony.  See  Antimo- 
nium  Tartaratum. 

Tartrate  of  Antimony  and  Potassa. 
See  Antimonii  et  Potassse  Tar- 
tras. 

Turpeth  Mineral.  See  Hydrargyri 
Sulphas  Flava. 

Yi'num  Antimo'nii.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Wine,  or  Wine  of  Antimony. 
A solution  of  tartar  emetic  in  sherry 
wine.  See  Class  XI. 

White  Vitriol.  See  Zinci  Sulphas. 
Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mercury.  See 
Hydrargyri  Sulphas  Flava. 

Zaaa'^i  Sul'phas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Zinc,  or  White  Vitriol.  A 
substance  occurring  in  colorless  crys- 
tals. 


629 


VEGETABLE  CATHARTICS. 


CLASS  IX. 

CATHARTICS. 

VEDICINES  WHICH  PRODUCE  EVACUATIONS  FROM  THE  BOWELS. 


SECTION  I— Vegetable  Cathartics, 

? Ai'etris.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Star  Grass. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Aloe  Barbaden'sis.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Barbadoes  Aloes.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  leaves  of  Al'oe  vulga'ris. 

Al'oe  Capen'sis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Cape 
Aloes. 

Al'oe  Hepat'ica.  Hepatic  Aloes. 

Al'oe  Socotri'na.  (U.S.  and  Br 
Ph.)  Socotrine  Aloes.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  leaves  of  the  Aloe  Socotrina 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  inspissated  juice  of  the 
leaves  of  one  or  more  undetermined 
species  of  Aloe  (Br.  Ph.). 

Al’oe  Vulga'ris.  See  Aloe  Barba- 
clensis. 

Aloes.  See  Aloe  Barbadensis,  <fcc. 

American  Senna.  See  Cassia  Mari- 
landica. 

A'pium  PetroseW num.  See  Petrose- 
liiiuin. 

Apo?'ynnm  Carniabi'imm.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Indian  Hemp.  See  Class  VIII. 

Asagrse'a  OJjicina'lis.  See  Sabadilla. 

? Ascle'pias.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Butterfly- 
weed.  See  Class  XI. 

? Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta.  Flesh-colored 
Asclepias. 

? Ascle'pias  Syri’aca.  Common  Milk- 
weed, or  Silkweed. 

Ascle'pias  Tubero’sa.  See  Asclepias. 

Azed'araeh.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  bark 
of  the  root  of  Me'lia  azed! arach. 

Barbadoes  Nut.  See  C ureas  Pur- 
gans. 

Bear’s-foot.  See  Helleborus  Fceti- 
dus. 

Be'la.  Bael.  The  ripe  fruit  of  the 
JE’gle  Mar'melos.  (A  bland  and  excellent 
aperient.)  See  Class  I.,  Section  I. 

Benne  Oil.  See  Oleum  Sesami. 

Black  Hellebore.  See  Helleborus. 

Bladder  Senna.  See  Colutea  Arbo- 
rescens. 

Blue  Flag.  See  Iris  Versicolor. 

Bryony.  The  root  of  Bryo'niaal'ba . 

Buckbean.  See  Henyanthes  Trifo- 
liata. 

Buckthorn.  See  Rliamuus  Cathar- 
ticus. 

Burdock.  See  Lappa. 

630 


Butterflyweed.  See  Asclepias. 

Butternut.  See  Juglans. 

Cambo'gia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Gamboge. 
The  gum  resin  of  an  undetermined  spe- 
cies of  G arcin' ia.  See  Gambogia. 

Car'thamus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Safliower,  or 
Dyer’s  Saffron.  (Laxative.)  See  Class  XL 

Cas'sia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Purging  Cassia. 
The  pulp  of  the  pods  of  Cas'sia  Jis'- 
tula.  See  Cassia  Fistula. 

Cas'sia  Acutifo'lia.  See  Senna. 

Cas'sia  Elonga’ta.  See  Senna. 

Cas'sia  Fis'tula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Purg- 
ing Cassia.  The  fruit  of  Cassia  fistula. 

Cas'sia  Marilan'dica.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
American  Senna.  The  leaves  of  Cassia 
Marilandica. 

Cas'sia  Obova'ta.  See  Senna. 

Castor  Oil.  See  Oleum  Kiciui. 

Celandine.  See  Cbelidonium  Majus. 

Cevadilla.  See  Sabadilla. 

Chelido'nium  Ma'jus.  Celandine. 

Cissam' pelos  Parei'ra.  See  Pareira. 

Citrul'lus  Colocyn' this.  See  Colocyn- 
tbis. 

? Col'chicum.  See  Classes  XXI.  and  X. 

Colocynth.  See  Colocyntbis. 

Colocyn  this.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Colocynth.  The  fruit,  deprived  of  its 
rind,  of  Citrul'lus  colocyn'this. 

Colu'tea  Arbores'gens.  Bladder  Senna. 

Common  Silkweed.  See  Asclepias 
Syriaca. 

Convol' vulu8  Pandura'tus.  Wild  Potato. 

Convol'vulus  Scammo'nia.  See  Scam- 
monium. 

Copai  ba.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Co- 
paiva.  See  Class  X. 

Copaiva.  See  Copaiba. 

Croton  Oil.  See  Oleum  Tiglii,  or 
Crotonis  Oleum. 

Cro'ton  Tig' Hum.  See  Oleum  Tiglii. 

Croto'nis  O'leum.  See  Oleum  Cro- 
tonis. 

Cu'cumie  Colocyn’this.  See  Colocyn- 
this. 

Cur'eas  Pur' gans.  Barbadoes  Nut. 

Delphin'inm  Stajjhisa'gria.  St.avcsacre. 

Dyer’s  Saffron.  See  Cartliamus. 

Flate'rium.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  A 
substance  deposited  by  the  juice  of  the 
fruit  of  Momor'dica  elate'rium  (U.S.  Ph.). 
A sediment  from  the  expressed  juice  of 


VEGETABLE  CATHARTICS. 


the  fruit  of  Eeba'  lium  officinal  rum  (Br. 
Ph.). 

Elder.  See  Sambueus. 

Euon'ymus  Atropurpu’ reus.  Wahoo. 

Exogo'nium  Pur'ga.  See  Jalapa. 

Extract  of  Butternut.  See  Extrac- 
tum  Ju^landis. 

FiXtrae'tuin  Juglaii'dis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Extract  of  Butternut. 

Fever  Root.  See  Triosteum. 

Fi'cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Fig. 
(Laxative.) 

Fig.  See  Ficus. 

Flesh-colored  Asclepias.  See  Ascle- 
pias  Incarnata. 

Florentine  Orris.  See  Iris  Floren- 
tina. 

Frax'inus  Or'nus.  See  Manna. 

Gamboge.  See  Qambogia. 

Gambo'gla.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Gamboge. 
The  concrete  juice  of  an  undetermined 
tree. 

Grat'iola  Officina’ lis.  Hedge  Hyssop. 

Helleb'orus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black  Hel- 
lebore. The  root  of  Hellcb’ orus  ni'yer. 

Helleb' orus  Foet’idus.  BeaFs-foot.  See 
Class  XXIII. 

Honey.  See  Mel. 

Horehound.  See  Marrubium. 

Ipomse'a  Jala'pa,  or  Ipomse'a  Pur'ga. 
See  .Falapa. 

I'ris  Florenti'na,  (U.S.  Ph.)  Flo- 
rentine Orris.  The  rhizoma  of  Iris  Flo- 
rentina. 

I'ris  Versic'olor.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Blue 
Flag.  The  rhizoma  of  Iris  versicolor. 

Jala'pa.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Jalap. 
The  root  of  Exogo’nium  pur'ga,  or  Ipo- 
mse'a jala' pa. 

Jala’pse  Besi'na.  (Br.  Ph.)  See  Re- 
sina Jalapa;. 

Jat'ropha  Pur'qans . See  Curcas  Pur- 
grans. 

Ju'glans.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Butternut. 
The  inner  bark  of  the  root  of  the  Jug- 
lans  cinerea. 

Eap'pa.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Burdock.  The 
root  of  Lap’ pa  mi’ nor, 

Eeptan'dra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  root 
of  Veron' ica  Virgin' ica  (otherwise  called 
Leptandra  Virginica). 

Leptan'drin.  A resinous  extract  from 
the  root  of  Veron’ ica  Virgin’ica. 

Li’num  Cathar' ticum.  Purging  Flax. 

? Eith'iseCi'tras.  (Br.  Ph.)  Citrate 
of  Lithia. 

Man  na.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
concrete  juice,  in  flakes,  of  Frax’inus 
omits,  and  of  Frax’inus  rotundifo’lia. 

? Marru'bium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Hore- 
hound. See  Class  II. 


Marsh  Trefoil.  See  Menyanthes, 

May  Apple.  See  Podophyllum. 

Mel.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Honey. 

J fe'lia  Azed'arach.  See  Azedarach. 

Menyan'thes  Trifolia’  ta.  Buckbean, 
or  Marsh  Trefoil. 

Molasses.  See  Syrupus  Iuscus. 

Momor'dica  Elate' rium.  See  Elate- 
rium. 

Mustard.  See  Sinapis  Alba, 

Oleum  Croto'nis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Croton 
Oil.  The  same  as  Oleum  Tiglii. 

? O'letnn  Ei'ni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Flaxseed  or  Linseed  Oil.  See  Class  XX. 

Oleum  Oli'vse.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Olive  Oil,  or  Sweet  Oil.  The  oil  ex- 
pressed from  the  fruit  of  the  O'lea  Eu- 
ropue’a.  (Laxative.) 

Oleum  Rimini.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Castor  Oil.  The  oil  expressed  from  the 
seeds  of  Riq'inus  commit’ nis. 

Oleum  Ses'ami.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Benne 
Oil. 

Oleum  Terebin'thinse.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Turpentine.  See  Class  X. 

Oleum  Tiglii.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Croton 
Oil.  The  oil  obtained  from  the  seeds  of 
Croton  tiglium. 

Olive  Oil.  See  Oleum  Olivse. 

Parei'ra.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Pareira 
Brava.  The  root  of  Cissam' pelos parei’ ra. 

Parei’ra  Bra'va.  See  Pareira. 

Parsley  Root.  See  Petrosclinum. 

Petrosel i'num.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pars- 
ley Root.  (Aperient.)  See  Class  X. 

Phytolacca;  Ra  dix.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Poke  Root.  See  Class  VIII. 

Pleurisy  Root.  See  Asclepias  Tu- 
berosa. 

Podophyl'li  Resilia.  (Br.  Ph.) 
See  Resina  Podopliylli. 

Podophyllin.  See  Resina  Podo- 
pliylli. 

Podophyllum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
May  Apple.  The  rhizoma  of  PodophyV - 
lum  pelta'tum . 

Polyg'ala  Rubella?  (U.S.  Ph.) 
The  root  and  herb  of  Polygala  rubella. 

Pride  of  China,  or  Pride  of  India.  See 
Azedarach. 

Prune.  See  Prunum. 

Pru  num.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Prune. 
The  dried  fruit  of  Pru’nus  domes' tica.  (A 
mild  laxative.) 

Pru'nus  Domes'  tica.  See  Prunum. 

Purging  Cassia.  See  Cassia  Fistula, 

Purging  Flax.  See  Linum  Cathar- 
ticum. 

Queen’s  Root.  See  Stillingia. 

Resilia  Jala'pje.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Resin 
of  Jalap. 


631 


VEGETABLE  CATHARTICS.— MINERAL  CATHARTICS. 


Resi'na  Podophyl'li.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Resin  of  Podophyllum. 

Resi  na  Scammo'nii.  (U.S.  Ph.) 

Resin  of  Scammony. 

Rham'nns  Cathar’ticus.  Buckthorn. 
Rhe  um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Rhu- 
barb. The  root  of  Rhe’um  palma' turn 
and  of  other  species  of  Rlienm  (U.S. 
Ph.).  The  root  of  one  or  more  undeter- 
mined species  of  Rheum  (Br.  Ph.). 
Rhubarb.  See  Hlieum. 

Riv’tnus  Commu’ nis.  See  Oleum  Ri- 
cini. 

Sabadil'la.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ceva- 
dilla.  The  fruit  of  Vera’lrnm  sabadil'la 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  fruit  of  Asagrse’a 
officina’lis  (Ir.  Ph.). 

Sambu'cu s.  Elder.  The  inner  bark. 
See  Class  XI. 

Sa'po.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Soap.  Soap  made 
with  soda  and  olive  oil.  (Mostly  given 
in  combination  with  other  medicines). 
Sa'po  Vulga'ris.  Common  Soap.  See 

Sapo. 

Scammo'nise  Radix.  (Br.  Ph.) 

Scammony  Root. 

Scammo'nise  Resi'na.  (Br.  Ph.) 
See  Resina  Scammonii. 

Scainmo'nium.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Scammony.  The  concrete  juice  of  the 
root  of  Convol’ vulus  scammo'nia  (U.S. 
Ph.).  A gum  resin  obtained  from  the 
living  root  of  Convolvulus  scammonia 
(Br.  Ph.). 

Scammony.  See  Seammoniuin. 

? Sen'ega.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Seneka. 
See  Class  XII. 

Seneka.  See  Senega. 

Sen  na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Senna.  The 
leaflets  of  Cas'sia  acutifo'lia , of  Cas'sia 
obova’ta,  and  of  Cas’sia  elonga’ta. 

Sen'na  Alexandri'na.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Alexandrian  Senna.  The  leaves  of  Cas- 
sia lanceolata  and  Cassia  obovata. 

Sen'na  In'dica.  (Br.  Ph.)  Tinni- 
velly  Senna.  The  leaves  of  Cassia  elon- 
gata. 

Sina'pis.  (Br.'Ph.)  Mustard.  See 
Class  XVII. 

Sina'pis  Al'ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Mus- 
tard. (The  unbroken  seed  is  laxative.) 
See  Class  XVII. 

Sina'pis  Ni'gra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Mustard.  See  Class  XVII. 

Stavesacre.  See  Delphinium. 
Stillin'gia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Queen’s 
Root.  The  root  of  Stillin'gia  sylvut’ica. 
Sweet  Oil.  See  Oleum  Olivse. 
Syru'pus  Fus'cus.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
“ Brown  Syrup,”  or  Molasses.  (Laxa- 
tive.) 


Tamarin'dus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tamarind.  (Aperient.)  See  Class  VI. 

Tarax  acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Dandelion.  See  Class  X. 

? Terebin'thina.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tur- 
pentine. See  Class  X. 

Theri'aca.  (Br.  Ph.)  Treacle.  The 
uncrystallized  residue  of  the  refining  of 
sugar.  See  Syrupus  Fuscus. 

Treacle.  See  Theriaca. 

Trios' teurn.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Fever  Root. 
The  root  of  Trios'teum  perfolia’tnm. 
Turpentine.  See  Terebintbina. 
Vera'tria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  An 
alkaloid  obtained  from  cevadilla.  See 
Clas^  VIII.,  Section  I. 

Vera'trum  Al  bum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
White  Hellebore.  See  Class  VIII.,  Sec- 
tion I. 

? Vera'trum  Vir'ide.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
American  Hellebore.  See  Class  VIII. 
Veron'ica  Virgin’ica.  Sec  Leptandra. 
Wahoo.  See  Euonymus  Atropur- 
pureus. 

White  Hellebore.  See  Yeratrnm 
Album. 

Wild  Ipecac.  See  Triosteum. 

Wild  Potato.  See  Convolvulus 
Panduratus. 

SECTION  II— Mineral  Cathartics. 

Acetate  of  Magnesia.  See  Magnesise 
Acetas. 

Acetate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassse 
Acetas. 

Antimonial  Powder.  See  Pulvis  An- 

timonialis. 

Bitartrate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassa? 
Bitartras. 

Black  Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 

drargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum. 

Brimstone.  See  Sulphur. 

Calcined  Magnesia.  See  Magnesia. 
Calomel.  See  Calomelas. 
Calom'elas.  (Br.  Ph.)  Calomel.  Same 

as  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  Mite. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia.  See  Magne- 
sia* Carbon  as. 

Chloride  of  Magnesium.  See  Mag- 
nesii  Chloridum. 

Citrate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassae 
Citras. 

Citrate  of  Soda.  Sec  Soda*  Citras. 
Cream  of  Tartar.  See  Potassa*  Bi- 
tar  I ras. 

Crystals  of  Tartar.  See  Potassse 
Bitartras. 

Epsom  Salts.  See  Magnesia?  Sul- 
phas. 

Glauber’s  Salts.  See  Soda?  Sulphas. 


C32 


MINERAL  CATHARTICS. 


Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridum  Mi'te. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Calomel.  Mild  Chloride  of 
Mercury.  See  Class  XXI. 

Hydrar'  gyri  Ox'idum  Ni'grum.  Black 
Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Classes  XIY. 
and  XXI. 

Liquor  Magne'siae  Uitra'tis. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Citrate  of  Mag- 
nesia. 

Magne'sia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Cal- 
cined Magnesia.  A white  powder  in- 
soluble in  water,  but  readily  dissolved  by 
acids  without  effervescence. 

Magnc' six  Ace'tas.  Acetate  of  Mag- 
nesia. 

Magne'siae  Uarbo'uas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Magnesia.  A 
white  substance  in  powder  or  pulverulent 
masses,  Avholly  dissolved  by  dilute  sul- 
phuric acid. 

Mague'siae  Sulphas.  (U.S. and  Br. 
Ph.)  Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  or  Epsom 
Salts.  A salt  in  minute  colorless  crys- 
tals, which  slowly  effloresce  on  exposure 
to  the  air,  and  are  very  soluble  in  water. 

Maynv'sii  Chlo'ridum . Chloride  of 

Magnesium. 

Mangaue'sii  Sulphas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Manganese.  (Cholagogue.) 
Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 

tlrargyri  ( Edoi  iduiu  Mite. 

Muriate  of  Magnesia.  See  Maguesii 

thloriduiu. 

Phosphate  of  Soda.  See  Sodae  Phos- 
plias. 

Potas'sae  Ace'tas.  (U.S. and  Br.  Ph.) 
Acetate  of  Potassa.  See  Class  X. 

Potas'sae  Bi  tar'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bitartrate  of  Potassa,  or  Cream  of  Tartar. 
See  Class  VI. 

Potas'sae  Ci'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Citrate  of  Potassa.  (A  cooling 
aperient.)  See  Class  XI. 

Potas'sae et  So'dae  Tar tras.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Tartrate  of  Potash  and  Soda,  or 
Rochelle  Salt.  A substance  in  colorless 
transparent  crystals,  which  are  wholly 
and  readily  soluble  in  five  parts  of  boil- 
ing water. 

Potas'sae  Sul  phas.  (LT.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Sulphate  of  Potash,  sometimes 
called  Vitriolated  Tartar.  A salt  in  hard 
colorless  crystals,  unalterable  in  the  air, 
sparingly  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble 
in  alcohol. 

Potas'sae  Tar 'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tartrate  of  Potash.  A salt  in  white 
or  colorless  crystals,  wholly  and  readily 
soluble  in  four  parts  of  boiling  water. 

Potas'sae  Tar'tras  A^'ida.  (Br. 

54 


Ph.)  Acid  Tartrate  of  Potash.  The 

same  as  Potassae  Bi  tartras. 

? Pul' vis  Antiinonia'lis.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Powder.  See  Class  XI. 

Rochelle  Salt.  See  Sodae  et  Potas- 
sae  Tartras. 

Salt.  See  Sodii  Chloridum. 

So'dx  Ci'tras.  Citrate  of  Soda. 

So'dae  et  Potas'sae  Tar'tras.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Tartrate  of  Potash  and  Soda,  or 
Rochelle  Salt.  See  Potassae  et  Sodae 
Tartras. 

So'dae  PEtos  pitas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Phosphate  of  Soda.  A salt  in 
colorless  transparent  crystals,  which 
speedily  effloresce  when  exposed  to  the 
air.  It  is  wholly  soluble  in  water,  but 
insoluble  in  alcohol. 

So'dae  Sulphas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sul- 
phate of  Soda,  or  Glauber’s  Salts.  A salt 
in  colorless  crystals,  which  rapidly  efflo- 
resce on  exposure  to  the  air,  and  are 
wholly  soluble  in  water. 

So' dee  Tar'tras.  Tartrate  of  Soda. 

So'dii  Olio  riduni.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium.  Common 
Salt.  See  Class  II.,  Section  III. 

Solution  of  Citrate  of  Magnesia.  See 
Uquor  Magnesiae  Citratis. 

Sublimed  Sulphur.  See  Sulphur 
Subliuiatum. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia.  See  Magne- 
sia Sulphas. 

Sulphate  of  Manganese.  See  Man- 
g-auesii  Sulphas. 

Sulphate  of  Potash.  See  Potassae 
Sulphas. 

Sulphate  of  Soda.  See  Sodae  Sul- 
phas. 

Sul'phur  Lo'tum.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Washed  Sulphur.  Sublimed  sulphur 
thoroughly  washed  with  water.  See 
Class  XI. 

Sul'phur  Praeeipita'tum.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Precipitated  Sulphur. 
See  Class  XI. 

Sul'phur  Sublima'tum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Sublimed  Sulphur.  A greenish- 
yellow  powder  which  is  entirely  volati- 
lized by  heat. 

Tartrate  of  Potash.  See  Potassae 
Tartras. 

Tartrate  of  Potash  and  Soda.  See 

Potassae  et  Sodae  Tartras. 

Tartrate  of  Soda.  See  Sodae  Tar- 
tras. 

Vitriolated  Tartar.  See  Potassae 
Sulphas. 

Washed  Sulphur.  See  Sulphur  Lo- 
t u in. 


633 


DIURETICS. 


CLASS  X. 

DIURETICS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  INCREASE  THE  SECRETION  OP  URINE. 


A'bies  Balsa' mea.  SeeTerebinthina. 
Acetate  of  Potassa.  See  Potass* 
Ac  etas. 

Acetate  of  Soda.  See  Sod*  Acetas. 
Ace'tum Col'chici.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Vine- 
gar of  Colchicum. 

? Ace'tum  Scil'l*.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Vine- 
gar of  Squill. 

? Aconite.  See  Aconitum. 

? Aconi  tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Aconite. 
American  Hellebore.  See  Ve  rat  rum 

Viride. 

Ammo  nite  Benzo'as.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Benzoate  of  Ammonia. 

Anacar'dium  Occidenta'le.  Cashew 
Nut.  See  Class  XVIII. 

A'pium  Petroseli'num.  See  Petrose- 
linum. 

Apo$'ynum  Cannabi'num.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Indian  Hemp.  See  Class  VIII. 

A 'qua  A^j'idiCarbon'ici.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Carbonic  Acid  Water.  See  Class  XI. 

? Ar'butus  U'va  Ur' si.  See  Class  I. 
Arinora'cia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Horseradish 
Root.  The  fresh  root  of  Cochlea'ria 
annora'cia.  See  Class  XV. 

Artichoke  (Garden).  See  Cynara 
Scolymus. 

Aspar'agus  OJJicina'lis. 

At'ropa  Belladon'na.  See  Bella- 
donna. 

Balsam  of  Copaiva.  See  Copaiba. 
Baras' ma  Crena'ta , Baros'ma  Betuli'na, 

etc.  See  Bucliu,  and  Bucco. 

Belladon'na.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  same 
as  Belladonn*  Folium. 

Belladonna  Leaf.  See  Belladonn* 
Folium. 

Belladonna  Root.  See  Belladonna? 
Radix. 

Belladon  na?  Fo'lium.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Belladonna  Leaf.  See  Class  V. 

Belladon'n*  Ra'dix.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Belladonna  Root.  See  Class  V. 
Biborate  of  Soda.  See  Borax. 
Bicarbonate  of  Potassa.  See  Potas- 
s*  Bicarbonas. 

Bitartrate  of  Potash.  See  Potass* 
Bit  art  ran. 

Borate  of  Soda.  See  Soda?  Boras. 
Bo'rax.  (Br.  Ph.)  Biborate  of  Soda. 
Borax. 

Broom.  See  Scoparius. 

634 


Buc'co.  (Br.  Ph.)  Buchu.  The  dried 
leaves  of  Baros'ma  betuli'na , B.  crenula' ta, 
and  B.  serratifo'lia.  See  next  article. 

Bu'cliu.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Buchu, or Bookoo. 
The  leaves  of  Baros'ma  crena'ta  (Dios'- 
ma  crena'ta),  and  of  other  species  of  Ba- 
rosma. 

Burdock.  See  Lappa. 

Cakin' ca  or  Guinea. 

Canada  Turpentine.  See  Terebin- 

thina. 

Cantharides.  See  Cantharis. 

Cantharis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Span- 
ish Flies,  or  Canthar'ides.  See  Class 
XVI. 

Can't.haris  Vitta'ta.  Potato  Flies.  See 
Class  XVI. 

Cap'paris  Spino'sa.  Caper-Bush. 

Carbonate  of  Potash.  See  Potass* 
Carbonas. 

Carbonic  Acid  Water.  See  Aqua 
Acidi  Carbon ici. 

Caro'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Carrot  Seed,  and 
Root  of  Wild  Carrot.  Dau'cns  caro'ta. 

Cashew  Nut.  See  Anacardium 
Occident  ale. 

CtiimapSi'sla.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pipsis- 
sewa.  The  leaves  of  Chimaph'ila  umbel- 
la' ta. 

Cissam'pelos  Parei'ra.  See  Pareira. 

Clem'atis  Erec'ta  (Virgin’s  Bower),  and 
other  species  of  Clematis. 

Cochlea' ria  Annora'cia.  See  Armo- 

racia. 

Cochlea'ria  Officina' lis.  Scurvy  Grass. 

Col'chici  Cor'mus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Col- 
chicum Corm.  The  same  as  Colchici 
Radix. 

Col'chici  Ra'dix.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Col- 
chicum Root.  See  Class  XXI. 

Col'chici  Se'men.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Colchicum  Seed.  See  Class  XX I. 

Colchicum  Root.  See  Colchici  Ra- 
dix. 

Colchicum  Seed.  See  Colchici  Se- 
men. 

? Convol'vulus  Pandura'ius.  Wild  Po- 
tato. See  Class  IX.,  Section  I. 

Copai  ba.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Co- 
paiva, or  Balsam  of  Copaiba.  The  juice 
of  Copaifera  multij'uga , and  of  other 
species  of  Copaifera  (U.S.  Ph.).  Tho 
oleo-resin  obtained  from  the  trunk  of 


DIURETICS. 


Cvpaifera  wultijuga  and  other  species  of 
Copaiftru  (Br.  Ph.). 

Copaiffi  era  Multi f uga.  See  Copaiba. 

Copaiva.  Set  Copaiba. 

Coryd'alis  Formo'sa . Turkey  Corn. 

Creasote.  See  Creasotum. 

Creaso'tum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Crea- 
gote.  See  Class  V. 

Cube'ba.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Cubeb, 
or  Cubebs.  The  berrits  of  Pi' per  cube'ba 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  unripe  fruit,  dried,  of 
Cube'ba  officinalis  (Br.  Ph.). 

Cyn'ara  Scol'ymus.  Garden  Artichoke. 

Cyt'isus  Scopa' riu8.  See  Scoparius. 

Dandelion.  See  Taraxacum. 

Daph'ne  Gnid'ium.  See  Mezereum. 

Daph'ne  Mezere' um . See  Mezereum. 

Dau'ci  Ra'dix.  Garden  Carrot  Root. 

Dau'cus  Caro'ta.  See  Carota. 

Delptiin'ium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Larkspur. 
The  seed  of  Delphinium  consol' ida. 

? Delphinium  Staphisa'gria.  Staves- 
acre. 

Digitalis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Fox- 
glove. Digitalis.  See  Class  VII. 

Dios'ma  Crena'ta.  See  Buchii. 

Dulcamara.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Bittersweet.  See  Class  V. 

Epige'a  Re' pens.  Trailing  Arbutus. 

Erig'eron.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Fleabane. 
The  herb  of  Erig'eron  heterophyl'lum 
and  of  Erig'eron  PhiladeV phicxnn. 

Erig'eron  Canaden  'sc.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Canada  Fleabane.  The  herb  of  Erigeron 
Canadense . 

Erig'eron  Heterophyl'lum.  See  Erige- 
rou. 

Fer'ri  lod'idum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Iodide 
of  Iron.  See  Class  XIII.  and  Class  II., 
Section  V. 

Fleabane.  See  Erig'eron. 

Foxglove.  See  Digitalis. 

Garden  Artichoke.  See  Cynara 
Scolymus. 

Garden  Carrot.  See  Dauei  Radix. 

Gene'va.  See  Oin. 

Gin  (Gene'va).  Spirit  distilled  from 
juniper  berries. 

Hellebore,  White.  See  Veratrum 
Album. 

Hemides'mus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Indian 
Sarsaparilla.  See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Horseradish.  See  Armoraeia. 

Indian  Hemp.  See  Apoeynum  Can- 
nabinum. 

Indian  Sarsaparilla.  See  Hemides- 
mus. 

? I'ris  Florenti'na.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Florentine  Orris. 

? I'ris  Versic'olor.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Blue 
Flag. 


Junip'erus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Juniper. 
Juniper  Berries.  The  fruit  of  Junip'erus 
commu'nis. 

Junip'erus  Virginia'na.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Red  Cedar.  See  Class  XIII. 

Lactu'ca  Viro'sa.  Acrid  Lettuce. 

Eap'pa.  (U.  S.  Ph.)  Burdock.  See 
Class  IX. 

Larkspur.  See  Delphinium. 

Leon' todon  Tarax'acum.  See  Tarax- 
acum. 

Liquor  Cal'cii  Clilo'ridi.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chloride  of  Cal- 
cium. 

Li  quor  Potas'sse.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Potassa.  See  Class 
XXII. 

Eycopo'dium.  (U.  S.  Ph.)  The 
sporules  of  Lycopo'dium  clava'tum  and 
other  species  of  Lycopodium . 

Mastic.  See  Mastiche. 

Mas'ticlie.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Mas- 
tic. Mastich.  The  concrete  juice  of 
Pista'cia  Icntis'cus  (U.S.  Ph.).  A resin- 
ous exudation  from  the  stem  of  Pistacia 
lentiscus  (Br.  Ph.). 

Meadow  Saffron.  See  Colchici  Ra- 
dix, or  Colchicum. 

Mezereon.  See  Mezereum. 

Mezere  um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Me- 
zereon.  See  Class  XVI. 

Nicotia'na  Tab'acum.  SeeTabacum. 

Nitrate  of  Potash.  See  Potassae  ATi- 
tra§. 

Oil  of  Copaiba.  See  Oleum  Copaibae. 

Oil  of  Turpentine.  See  Oleum  Te- 
rebinthinse. 

O leum  Fopai'bse.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Copaiba. 

O leum  Cube'bae.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Oil  of  Cubeb. 

O leum  Junip'eri.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Juniper. 

O leum  Suc\*ini.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Amber.  See  Class  IV. 

O leum  Terebin'thinse.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Turpentine.  The  vola- 
tile oil  distilled  from  the  turpentine  of 
Pi'nus  pains' tris  or  Pi'nus  tse'da. 

Parei'ra.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Pareira 
Brava.  The  root  of  Cissam' pelos  parei’ra 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  dried  root  of  Cissampe- 
los  pareira  (Br.  Ph.). 

Parieta'ria  Officina'lis.  Wall  Pelli- 
tory. 

Parsley  Root.  See  Petroselinum. 

Petroseli'num.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Parsley. 
The  root  of  Petroseli'num  sati’vum , other- 
wise called  A'pium  petroseli'num. 

Phos'phorus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  See  Class 
III. 


635 


DIURETICS. 


Pi'nus  Pains' tris,  See  Terebinthi- 
na,  and  Pix  Liquida. 

Pi' per  Cube'ba.  See  Cubeba. 

Pipsissewa.  See  Cliimaphila. 

Pista'cia  Lentis'cus.  See  Masticlie. 

Pix  Li  quida.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tar.  The  impure  turpentine  procured 
by  burning  from  the  wood  of  Pi'nus  pa- 
ins'tris  and  of  other  species  of  Pinna  (U.S. 
Ph.).  A bituminous  liquid  obtained  from 
the  wood  of  Pi'nus  sylves'tris  and  other 
pines  by  destructive  distillation  (Br.  Ph.). 

Pol yg' ala  Sen' ego.  Sec  Senega. 

Potas'sse  Ace'tas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Acetate  of  Potassa.  A white  de- 
liquescent salt,  wholly  soluble  in  water 
and  alcohol. 

Potas'sie  Bicarbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Bicarbonate  of  Potassa.  Sal 
seratus.  See  Class  XXII. 

Potas'sae  Bitar'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bitartrate  of  Potash,  or  Cream  of  Tar- 
tar. See  Class  YI. 

Potas'sse  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Potash;  otherwise 
called  Subcarbonate  of  Potash.  See 
Class  XXII. 

Potas'sse  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nitrate  of  Potash,  Nitre,  or  Saltpetre. 
See  Class  YI. 

Potato  Flies.  See  Cantliaris  Vittata. 

Red  Cedar.  See  Juniperus  Virgi- 
niana. 

Scil'Ia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Squill. 
See  Class  XII. 

Scopa'rius.  (U.  S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Broom.  The  tops  of  Cyt'isus  scopa'rius 
(U.S.  Ph.).  The  tops  of  Sarotham'nus 
scopa'rius  (Br.  Ph.). 

Scurvy  Grass.  See  Coclilearia  Offi- 
cinalis. 

Sen'ega.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Seneka. 
See  Class  XII. 

Seneka.  See  Senega. 

? Serpenta'ria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Serpentary,  or  Virginia  Snakeroot.  See 
Class  II.,  Section  III. 

So'dse  Ace'tas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Acetate 
of  Soda.  A substance  in  white  or  color- 
less crystals,  which  effloresce  in  dry  air, 
and  are  wholly  soluble  in  water. 

Soda;  Bo'ras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Borate 
of  Soda,  or  Borax.  See  Class  YI. 

So'dse  Sul  phas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sul- 
phate of  Soda,  or  Glauber’s  Salts.  See 
Class  IX. 

636 


Solution  of  Chloride  of  Calcium.  See 
Liquor  Calcii  Chloridi. 

Solution  of  Potassa.  See  Liquor 

Potassa;. 

Spanish  Flies.  See  Cantliaris. 
Spar'tinm  Jun'ceum.  Spanish  Broom. 
Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether.  See  Spiritus 
iElberis  ATitrosi. 

Spir  itus  iE'tlieris  Nitro'si.  ( U.S 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Spirit  of  Nitrous  Ether, 
or  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre.  See  Class  IV., 
and  Class  XI.,  Section  II. 

Spir'itus  Junip'eri. 

Squill.  See  Scilla. 

Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre.  See  Spiritus 
Atheris  Nitrosi. 

? Tab  acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  To- 
bacco. See  Classes  VII.  and  V. 

Tar.  See  Pix  Liquida. 
Tarax'acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Dandelion.  The  root  of  Tarax'acum 
clensleo'nis. 

Terebin'tliina.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Turpen- 
tine. The  concrete  juice  of  Pi'nus  pa- 
l us' tris  and  of  other  species  of  Pinus. 
Tobacco.  See  Tabacum. 

Trailing  Arbutus.  See  £pigea  Re- 
pens. 

Turkey  Corn,  or  Turkey  Pea.  See 
Cory  dal  is  Formosa. 

? U1  mus  Campos' tris.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Broad-leaved  Elm.  See  Class  XIX. 

Vera'trum  Album.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
White  Hellebore.  See  Class  VIII. 

Vera'trum  Vir'ide.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
American  Hellebore.  See  Class  VIII. 

Yi'nuin  Col'cliici.  (Br.  Ph.)  Wine 
of  Colchicum.  The  same  as  Yinum 
Colcliici  Radicis. 

Yi'nuin  Col'cliici  Radi'cis.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Wine  of  Colchicum  Root.  See 
Class  XXI. 

Virginia  Snakeroot.  See  Serpen ta- 
ria. 

Virgin’s  Bower.  See  Clematis. 

Wall  Pellitory.  See  Parietaria  Offi- 
cinalis. 

White  Hellebore.  See  Veratrum 
Album. 

White  Turpentine.  See  Terebin- 
tliiua. 

Wild  Potato.  See  Convolvulus 
Pa  n du  rat  us. 

Wine  of  Colchicum  Root.  See  Vi- 

num  Colcliici  Radicis. 

Wintergreen.  See  Cliimapliila. 


NAUSEATING  DIAPHORETICS.— REFRIGERANT  DIAPHORETICS. 


CLASS  XI. 

DIAPHORETICS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PROMOTE  PERSPIRATION.  DIAPHORETICS  MAY  BE  DIVIDED  INT# 
NAUSEATING,  REFRIGERANT,  AND  STIMULATING. 


SECTION  I.— Nauseating  Diaphoretics.  I 
Aconite.  See  Aconitum. 

Aconite  Root.  See  Aeoniti  Radix. 

? Aeoui'ti  Po  sition.  (U.S.  Ph.) 

Aconite  Leaf.  See  Class  VII. 

? Aeoui'ti  Ra'dix.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Aconite  Root.  See  Class  VII. 

? Aeon i turn.  (Br.  Ph.)  Aconite 
Leaf.  See  Class  VII. 

Aconi'tum  Nopedlus.  See  Aconitiim. 
Antimonial  Powder.  See  Pulvis  An* 
timonialis. 

Antimonial  Wine.  See  Vinum  An* 
timonii. 

Aiitimo'nii  et  Potas'sa?  Tar'tras. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Tartrate  of  Antimony  and 
Potassa,  or  Tartar  Emetic.  See  Class 
VIII. 

Antimo'nii  Sulpliurc'tum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Sulphurct  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'iiiiim  $uli>hura'tum. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Sulphurated  Anti- 
mony, or  Precipitated  Sulphuret  of  Anti- 
mony. A tersulphuret  of  antimony,  with 
a small  and  variable  amount  of  the 
teroxide  of  antimony.  An  orange-red 
powder,  whence  it  has  been  termed  anti- 
mo'nii sulph tire' turn  au'rcnm  (Ed.  Ph.),  or 
“golden  sulphuret  of  antimony.” 

Aiitimo'nium  Tartara'tnm.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Tartarated  Antimony.  The  same 
as  Anti  moil  ii  et  Potassse  Tartras. 

Arum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Indian  Turnip. 
See  Class  XII. 

Button  Snakeroot.  See  Eryngium 
Aquatieum. 

Cepliae'lis  Ipecacuan'ha.  See  Ipe- 
cacuanlaa. 

? CoV chieum.  See  Classes  XXI.  and  X. 
Dragon  Root.  See  Arum. 

? Elecampane.  See  Inula. 

Eryn'yium  Aquat'icum.  Button  Snake- 
root. 

Eupato'rium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tho- 
rough wort,  or  Boneset.  See  Class  II., 
Section  III. 

Indian  Tobacco.  See  Eobelia. 

Indian  Turnip.  See  Arum. 

? Inula.  Elecampane. 
Ipeeacuan'lia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
^pecacuan,  or  Ipecac.  See  Class  VIII. 
54* 


Eobelia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Indian 
Tobacco.  See  Class  VIII. 

Precipitated  Sulphuret  of  Antimony. 
See  Antimonium  Siilpliuratum. 

Pul'vis  Antimouia'lis.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Powder.  A powder  consist- 
ing chiefly  of  bone-phosphate  of  lime 
and  antimonious  acid.  Essentially  the 
same  as  James’s  Powder. 

Tartar  Emetic.  See  Antimonii  et 
Potassa?  Tartras. 

Tartrate  of  Antimony  and  Potassa. 
See  AntimoiiDi  et  Potassa?  Tartras. 

Vi  num  Antimonia'le.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Wine.  Sec  next  article. 

Vi'uum  Aiitimo'nii.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  AVine,  or  Wine  of  Antimony. 
A solution  of  tartar  emetic  in  sherry  wine. 
See  Class  VIII. 

Water  Eryngo.  See  Eryngiuni 
Aquatieum. 

SECTION  II— Refrigerant  Diaphoretics. 
Acetate  of  Ammonia  (Solution  of). 

See  Eiquor  Ammonia*  Aeetatis. 
Ammonia*  Aeeta'tis  Eiquor. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Acetate  of  Am- 
monia. See  Eiquor  Animonise  Ace- 
tatis. 

Ammo  nia?  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  Sal  Vol- 
atile, or  Smelling  Salts.  See  Class  III. 

Aqua  A^'idi  Carbon'ici.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Carbonic  Acid  Water.  Water  im- 
pregnated with  five  times  its  bulk  of 
carbonic  acid. 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See  Ammo- 

ni«*e  Carbonas. 

Carbonic  Acid  Water.  See  Aqua 
Acidi  Carbon ici. 

Citrate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassse  Ci- 
tras. 

Ei'quor  Ammonia?  Aeeta'tis. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Acetate 
of  Ammonia.  Also  called  Spir'itus  Min - 
dere'ri , or  Spirit  of  Mindererus. 

Li'quor  Ammo' nise  Citra'tis.  Solution 
of  Citrate  of  Ammonia. 

? Ei'quor  Cal'cii  Clilo'ridi.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chloride  of  Calcium. 
See  Class  X. 


63/ 


REFRIGERANT  AND  STIMULATING  DIAPHORETICS. 


Li'quor  Potas'sse  Citra'tis.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Citrate  of  Potassa. 
Nitrate  of  Potassa,  or  Nitre.  See  Po- 

tassa  Mtras. 

Potas'sse  Ci'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 

Citrate  of  Potassa.  See  Class  VI. 

Potas'sse  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitrate  of  Potash,  or  Nitre.  See 
Class  VI. 

Potas'sii  Ferrocyan'idum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ferrocyanide  of  Potassium.  See 
Class  VI. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia.  See 

JLiquor  Ammonise  Acetatis. 

Solution  of  Citrate  of  Ammonia.  See 

Liquor  Aanmouise  Citratis. 

Solution  of  Citrate  of  Potassa.  See 

Liquor  Potassse  Citratis. 

Spirit  of  Nitrous,  or  Nitric,  Ether. 

See  Spiritus  JEtlieris  Nitrosi. 

Spir'itus  iE'tlieris  Xitro'si.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Spirit  of  Nitrous  Ether, 
or  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre  (formerly  Spirit 
of  Nitric  Ether).  See  Class  IV. 

Spir'itus  Mindere’  ri,  or  Spirit  of  Min- 
dererus.  See  Liquor  Ammonise  Ace- 
tatis. 

Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre.  See  Spiritus 
iEtlieris  Nitrosi. 

SECTION  III.— Stimulating  and  Altera- 
tive Diaphoretics. 

Acrid  Lettuce.  See  Lactuca  Virosa. 
Adanso’nia  Diyita'ta . The  Baobab- 
tree. 

American  Dittany.  See  Cunila  Ma- 
riana. 

Ammoni'acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Ammoniac.  See  Class  XII. 

? Ammo  nia1  Phos'plias.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Phosphate  of  Ammonia. 

? Aqua  Ammonise.  (U.S.  Ph.)  So- 
lution of  Ammonia.  See  Classes  XVII. 
and  XXII. 

Aristolo'  chia  Serpenta’ria.  See  Ser- 
pen tar  i a. 

Ascle'pias.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Butterfly- 
weed.  The  root  of  Ascle'piaa  tubero’sa. 
A8cle,pia8  Tubero'sa.  See  Asclepias. 
Balm.  See  Melissa. 

Baobab.  See  Adansonia  Oigitata. 
Bark  of  Sassafras  Root.  See  Sassa- 
fras Itadieis  Cor i ex. 

Bisulphuret  of  Carbon,  or  Sulphuret 
of  Carbon. 

Boneset.  See  Fupatorium. 

Burdock.  See  Lappa. 

Butterflyweed.  Sec  Asclepias. 

Calot' ropis  Giyante'a.  Madar,  or  Mu- 
dar. 


Car'thamus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Dyer’s 
Saffron,  or  Safflower.  The  flowers  of 
Car' thamu8  tincto' rius. 

f Col'chicum.  See  Classes  XXI.  and  X. 
Cro  cus.  (U.S.  anpl  Br.  Ph.)  Saffron. 
See  Class  IV. 

Cuni'la  Maria’ na.  American  Dittany. 
Daph’ne  Gnid’ium.  See  Mezereum. 
Daph’ne  Jfezere'um.  See  Mezereum. 
Dorste'nia  Contrayer’  va.  (Aromatic 

and  tonic.) 

Dyer’s  Saffron.  See  Carthamus. 
Elder.  See  Sambucus. 
Eupato'riuin.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Thorough- 
wort,  or  Boneset.  See  Class  II.,  Sec- 
tion III. 

Guaiac.  See  Guaiaci  Resina. 
Guai'aci  Lig  num.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Guaiacum  Wood.  Liymim  Vitae, . 
The  wood  of  Guai'acum  officina’le. 

Guai'aci  Resi'na.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Guaiac.  The  concrete  juice  of 
Guai'acum  officina'le  (U.S.  Ph.).  The 
resin  obtained  from  the  stem  of  Guaia- 
cum officinale  (Br.  Ph.). 

Guai'acum  Officina’le.  See  Guaiaci 
Resina. 

Junip'erus  Sabi'na.  See  Sabina. 
Lactu'ca  Viro'sa.  Acrid  Lettuce.  See 
Class  V. 

Lap'pa.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Burdock.  See 
Class  IX. 

Lau'ni8  Sas'safra8.  See  Sassafras. 
Li'quor  Ammo'nise.  (Br.  Ph.)  See 
Aqua  Ammonise. 

Madar.  See  Calotropis  Gigantea. 
Magnolia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Magnolia. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  III. 

? Metis 'sa.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Balm.  See 
Class  II.,  Section  IV. 

Meze'reon.  See  Mezereum. 
Mezere'um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Mezereon.  See  Class  XVI. 

Mudar.  See  Calotropis  Gigantea. 
Oil  of  Cajuput.  See  Oleum  Caju- 
puti. 

Oleum  Cajupu'ti.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Oil  of  Cajuput.  The  volatile  oil 
obtained  from  the  leaves  of  Mclalcu'ca 
cajupu'ti  { U.S.  Ph.).  The  oil  distilled  from 
the  leaves  of  Melaleu' ca  mi' nor  (Br.  Ph.). 

f Oriy'anum  Vulya're . Common  Mar- 
joram. 

Petro'leum.  Rock  Oil.  See  Class  IV. 
? Polygala  Rubella.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bitter  Polygala.  See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 
Prickly  Ash.  See  XantlioxyluBii. 
Rock  Oil.  See  Petroleum. 
Kabi'na.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Savine. 
See  Class  XIII. 

Sainbu'cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 


638 


ALTERATIVE  DIAPHORETICS.— EXPECTORANTS. 


Elder.  The  flowers  of  Sambu'cus  Cana- 
den'sis  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  fresh  flowers 
of  Sambu'cus  ni'yra  (Br.  Ph.). 

? Sar'sa.  (Br.  Ph.)  See  Class  XXL 

? Sarsaparilla.  (U.S.  Ph.)  See 
Class  XXI. 

? Sassafras.  (Br.  Ph.)  Sassafras 
Root.  The  dried  root  of  Sas'safras  offi- 
cina'le.  See  next  article. 

? Sas'safras  Radi'cts  Cor'tex. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Sassafras  Root.  (Stimulant 
and  aromatic.) 

Serpenta'ria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Serpentary,  or  Virginia  Snakeroot.  See 
Class  II.,  Section  III. 

Serpentary.  See  Serpentaria. 


Solution  of  Ammonia.  See  Aqua 
Ammonia1. 

Sulphur  Lo  tum.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Washed  Sulphur.  See  Class  IX.,  Section 
II. 

Surpliur  Sublimalum.  (U.  S. 

and  Br.  Ph.)  Sublimed  Sulphur.  See 
Class  IX.,  Section  II. 

Sulphuret  of  Carbon.  The  same  as 
Bisulphuret  of  Carbon. 

Thoroughwort.  See  Eupatorium. 
Virginia  Snakeroot.  See  Serpen  ta- 
ria. 

Xanlhox'ylum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Prickly 
Ash.  The  bark  of  Xanthox'ylum  frax- 
in'eum. 


CLASS  XII. 

EXPECTORANTS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  INCREASE  THE  SECRETION  FROM  THE  MUCOUS  MEMBRANE  OF  THE 
AIR-CELLS  AND  AIR-PASSAGES  OF  THE  LUNGS  OR  FACILITATE  ITS  DISCHARGE. 


Ace'tum  Scil'he.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Vine- 
gar of  Squill. 

? A$'i<lum  Benzo'iciim.  (Br.  Ph.) 
A substance  in  feathery  crystalline 
plates,  nearly  white. 

Allium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Garlic.  The 
bulb  of  Al'lium  sati'vum. 

Al'lium  Ce'pa.  Onion. 

Ammoniac.  See  Aininoniacum. 
Annnoiii'acum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Ammoniac.  The  concrete  juice  of  Do- 
re' ma  Ammoni'ncum  (U.S.  Ph.).  A gum- 
resinous  exudation  from  the  stem  of 
Dorema  ammoniacmn  (Br.  Ph.). 

Antimo'nii  et  Potas'sae  Tar  Iras. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Tartar  Emetic.  Tartrate  of 
Antimony  and  Potassa.  See  Class  VIII. 

Antimo'nium  Tartaralum.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Tartarated  Antimony.  Tartar 
Emetic. 

A rum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Indian  Turnip, 
or  Dragon  Root.  The  cormus  of  A'rum 
triphyl'lum . 

Ascle'pias.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Butterfly- 
weed,  or  Pleurisy  Root.  See  Class  XI. 

Ascle'pias  Syri'aca,  Common  Silk- 
weed. 

Assafoet'ida.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Assafetida.  See  Class  IV. 

Balsam  of  Peru.  See  Balsamum 
Peruvianuin. 

Balsam  of  Tolu.  See  Balsamum 

Toll  u tan  um. 

Balsamum  Peruvia'num.  (U.S. 
And  Br.  Ph.)  Balsam  of  Peru.  The 


prepared  juice  of  Myrosper' mum  Peruif- 
erum  (U.S.  Ph.).  A balsam  obtained 
from  the  stem  of  My rosper' mum  Perei'rss 
(Br.  Ph.). 

Balsamum  Toluta'num.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Balsam  of  Tolu.  The 
juice  of  Myrosper'mum  toluiferum  (U.S. 
Ph.).  A balsam  obtained  by  incision 
from  the  stem  of  Myrospermum  toluife- 
rum (Br.  Ph.). 

? Benzoic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Ben- 
zoicum. 

Benzoin.  See  Benzoinum. 

Beiizo'iiiuui.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Benzoin.  The  concrete  juice  of  Sty'rax 
ben'zoin  (U.S.  Pli.).  A resinous  exudation 
from  the  stem  of  Sty  rax  benzoin  (Br.  Ph.). 

Black  Snakeroot.  See  Clvnieifuga. 

Butterfly  weed.  See  Ascloplas. 

Button  Snakeroot.  See  Eryngium 
Aqualicuin. 

Cephae'lis  Ipecacuan'ha.  See  Ipe- 
cacuanha. 

Cimicif'uga.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Snakeroot.  See  Class  VII. 

Common  Silkweed.  See  Asclepias 
Syriaca. 

Dore'ma  Ammoni' acum.  See  Aiiimo- 
niacum. 

Dragon  Root.  See  Arum. 

Elecampane.  See  Inula. 

? Eryn'gium  Aquat'icum.  Button 
Snakeroot.  See  Class  XL,  Section  I. 

Fer'ula  Assafoet'ida.  See  Assafeet- 
; ida. 


639 


EXPECTORANTS.— EMMENAGOGUES. 


GnJ'banum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
The  concrete  juice  of  an  undetermined 
plant  (U.S.  Ph.).  A gum  resin  derived 
from  an  unascertained  umbelliferous 
plant  (Br.  Ph.). 

Garlic.  See  Allium. 

Indian  Tobacco.  See  Bobelia. 

Indian  Turnip.  See  Arum. 

? Iu'ula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Elecampane. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Ipecacuan.  See  Ipecacuanha. 

Ipecacuan  ha.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Ipecacuan.  See  Class  VIII. 

Lobelia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Indian 
Tobacco.  See  Class  VIII. 

My  rasper*  mum  Penn'/''  erum,  See  Bal- 
samum  Peruvian um. 

Mjp'osper'mnrn  Tolmf  erum.  See  Bdl- 
samum  Tolutamim. 

Naph'thalin.  A substance  obtained 
from  the  distillation  of  coal  tar. 

Nar'thex  Assafcet'ida.  See  Assafoet- 
ida. 

Onion.  See  Allium  Cepa. 


? Pix  Liq'uMa.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tar. 

Pleurisy  Root.  See  Asdepias. 
Poll// ala  Sen'ega.  See  Senega. 
Prepared  Storax.  See  Styrax  Prse- 
paratus. 

Scil'la.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Squill. 
The  bulb  of  Scil'la  marit'ima  (U.S.  Ph.). 
The  dried  bulb  of  Urgin' ea  scil'la  ( Br.  Ph.). 

Sen'ega.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Seneka. 
The  root  of  Poly/ ala  sen'ega. 

Seneka.  See  Senega. 

Squill.  See  Scilla. 

Storax.  See  Styrax. 

Sty'rax.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Storax.  The  pre- 
pared juice  of  Liquidam'bar  Orieuta'le. 
Styrax  Benzoin.  See  Benzoinum. 
Sty'rax  Prsepara'tus.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Prepared  Storax.  A balsam  obtained 
from  the  bark  of  Liquidam'bar  Orion - 
ta'le.  The  same  as  Styrax. 

Urgin' ea  Scil'la.  See  Scilla. 

Water  Eryngo.  See  Eryngium 
Aqtsaticuiii. 


CLASS  XIII. 

EMMENAGOGUES. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PROMOTE  TIIE  MENSTRUAL  SECRETION. 


Achille'a  Millefo  lium.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Milfoil,  or  Yarrow.  The  herb  and  flowers 
of  Achillea  millefolium. 

Aga've  Ameriea’na.  American  Aloe. 
Al'oe  Barbaden'sis.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Barbadoes  Aloes.  See  Class  IX. 

Al'oe  Socotri'na.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Socotrine  Aloes.  See  Class  IX. 

American  Aloe.  See  Agave  Ameri- 
cana. 

Bahamoden' dron  Myr'rha . See  Myr- 
rh a. 

Barbadoes  Aloes.  See  Aloe  Barba- 
densis. 

Biborate  of  Soda.  See  Borax. 

Black  Hellebore.  See  Helleborus. 
Borate  of  Soda.  See  Soda?  Boras. 
Bo' rax.  (Br.  Ph.)  Borax.  Biborate 
of  Soda.  See  Sodse  Boras. 
Cantharides.  See  Uantliaris. 

Cant  liar  is.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Spanish  Flies.  Canthar'ides.  See  Class 
XVI. 

Can'tharis  Vitta'ta.  Potato  Flies. 
Castor.  See  C’astoreum. 

Cas'tor  Fi'ber.  See  Castoreum. 
4'asto  rciim.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Castor.  See  Class  IV. 

640 


? Cata'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Catnep.  See 
Class  IV. 

Cotton  Root.  See  Gossypii  Radix. 

Fer'ri  Flilo'ridum.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Chloride  of  Iron;  also  called  Perchlo- 
ride  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Iod'idum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Iodide 
of  Iron.  A brownish-green  crystalline 
substance,  soluble  in  water. 

Fer'ri  Subcarbo'nas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Subcarbonate  of  Iron.  See  ClassII.,  Sec- 
tion V. 

7^3**  Most  of  the  preparations  of  Iron 
may  sometimes  be  used  as  emmenagogues. 

Gossyp'ii  Ra'dix.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Cot- 
ton Root.  The  root  of  Gossypinm  herba- 
ceum  and  of  other  species  of  Gossypinm. 

Guaiac.  See  Guaiaei  Resina. 

Guaiaei  Resina.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Guaiac.  See  Class  XI. 

Guai'acum  OJjicina'le.  Sec  Guaiaci 
Resina. 

Hellebore,  Black.  See  Helleborus. 

llellcb'orus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Hellebore.  See  Class  IX. 

Iu'ula.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Elecampane.  Sco 
Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Iodide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Iodiduui* 


EMMEXAGOGUES— SIALAGOGUES.— ERRHIXES. 


Iron.  See  Ferri. 

Jnnip'erus  Sahi'na.  See  Sabina, 
.lunip'erus  Virginia'na.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Red  Cedar.  The  tops  of  Juniperus 
Virgini xi?ia. 

Madder.  See  Rubia. 

Milfoil.  See  Achillea  Millefolium. 
Myrrh.  See  Myrrha. 

Myr'rha.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Myrrh. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Nap' eta  Cata'ria.  See  Cataria. 
Oleum  Sabi'nse.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Oil  of  Savine. 

? Orig'anum  Vulga're.  Marjoram. 
Poly g' ala  Sen'ega.  See  Senega. 

Potato  Flies.  See  Cantharis  Vit- 
tata. 

Red  Cedar.  See  Juniperus  Virgi- 
niana. 

Rosemary.  See  Rosmarinus. 


Rosmari'n  ns.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Rosemary. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  IV. 

? Kn  bia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Madder.  The 
root  of  Jiu'bia  tincto'rum. 

Rue.  See  Rula. 

Ru'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Rue.  SeeClasslV. 
Sahi'na.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
tops  of  Jump' eru8  sahi'na. 

f Sagape'num.  (Lond.  Ph.)  The  gum 
resin  of  an  uncertain  plant.  See  Class  IV. 
Savine.  See  Sabina. 

Sen'ega.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Seneka. 
See  Class  XII. 

Seneka.  See  Senega. 

So  il*  Bo  ras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Borate  of 
Soda,  or  Borax.  See  Classes  VI.  and  X. 
Spanish  Flies.  See  Canlliaris. 
Subcarbonate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Subearbonas. 

Yarrow.  See  Achillea  Millefolium. 


CLASS  XIY. 

SIALAGOGUES. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PROMOTE  THE  SECRETION  OF  SALIVA. 


Anacyc'lus  Pyr'  ethrum.  See  Pyre- 

thrum. 

Black  Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Iffy- 
drargyri  Oxidum  AT5grum. 

Cal  amus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sweet  Flag. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  IV. 

Cinnabar.  See  Hydrargyri  Sul- 
phur cl  um  Rubrum. 

Hydrar'gyri  Ox'idum  Ni'grum.  Black 
Oxide  of  Mercury. 

Hydrar'gyri  Snlpkure'tum  Ru'hrnm. 
Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  or  Cinna- 


bar. (Sometimes  used  in  fumigation  as 
a rapid  sialagogue.) 

Hydrar  gyrum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
(^ S©**  Mercury,  and  most  of  its  com- 
pounds, may  be  used  as  sialagogues.)  See 
Class  XXL 

Mercury.  See  Hydrargyrum. 
Pellitory.  See  Pyrethrum. 
Pyr'ethrum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pellitory. 
The  root  of  Anacyc’lus  pyr' ethrum. 

Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri Sulphuretum  Rubrum. 


CLASS  XY. 

ERRHINES. 


MEDICINES  WHICH  PROMOTE  THE  SECRETION  FR03I  THE  MUCOUS  3IEMBRANE  OF 
THE  NOSTRILS. 


Armora'cia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Horseradish 
Root.  The  fresh  root  of  Cochlea'ria 
armora'cia.  See  Class  X. 

Asarabac'ca.  The  root  and  leaves  of 
As'arnm  Europm'um. 

Bloodroot.  See  Sanguinaria. 

Cochlea'ria  Armora' cia.  See  Armo- 
racia. 

Convalla'ria  Maja'lis.  Lily  of  the 
V alley. 


Euphor'hium.  See  Class  XVI. 

False  Sunflower.  See  llelenium 
Auiumnale. 

Hele'nium  Autumna'le.  False  Sun- 
flower, or  Sneezewort. 

Horseradish.  See  Armoracia. 

Hydrar'gyri  Sulphas  Fla'va. 
(U.S.  Ph.).  Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mer- 
cury, or  Turpeth  Mineral.  See  Class 
VIII. 


641 


ERRHINES.— EPISPASTICS. 


Lily  of  the  Valley.  See  Convallaria 
Majalis. 

Sanguina'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Blood- 
root.  See  Class  VIII. 

Sneezewort.  See  Helenium  Au- 
t u in  11  ale. 

Snuff — or  Tobacco  in  powder. 


Turpeth  Mineral.  See  Hydrargyri 
Sulphas  Flava. 

Vera'tria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  See 
Class  VIII.,  Section  I. 

? Yera'trnm  Al  bum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
White  Hellebore. 


CLASS  XVI. 

EPISPASTICS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  WHEN  APPLIED  TO  THE  SKIN  PRODUCE  A BLISTER. 


Ace'tum  Canthar'idis.  Vinegar  of 
Spanish  Flies. 

A^'idum  Acet'icum  Glacia'le. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Glacial  Acetic  Acid.  A color- 
less liquid,  which  is  converted,  when 
cooled  to  nearly  32°,  into  colorless,  pris- 
matic crystals.  Specific  gravity,  1.065. 

t Anacar'dium  Occidenta'le . See  Class 
XVIII. 

A qua  Ammo' nire  For'tior.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Stronger  Water  (or  Solution)  of 
Ammonia.  See  Class  XVII. 

Argen'ti  Ni'tras  Fu'sa.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Fused  Nitrate  of  Silver,  or  Lunar 
Caustic. 

Cantharides.  See  Cantharis. 

Can'tharis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Spanish  Flies.  Cantharides.  Can'tharis 
vesicato'ria . 

Can'tharis  Vitta'ta..  Potato  Flies. 

Cerate  of  Spanish  Flies.  See  Cera- 
tum  Cantharidis. 

Cera' turn  Canthar'idis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Cerate  of  Spanish  Flies,  or  Blistering  Ce- 
rate. 

Crowfoot.  See  Ranunculus. 

Daph'ne  Mezere'um.  See  Mezereum. 

Dir'ca  Palus'tris.  Leather-wood. 

Fmplas'trum  Pi'cis  cum  Can- 
tliar'ide.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Plaster  of  Pitch 
with  Spanish  Flies. 

? Euphor'bium.  (Ed.  Ph.)  The  con- 
crete resinous  juice  of  undetermined 
species  of  Euphorbia . 

642 


Fused  Nitrate  of  Silver.  See  Ar- 

genti  Nitras  Fusa. 

Glacial  Acetic  Acid.  See  Acidum 
Aceticum  Glaciate. 

Leather-wood.  See  Rirca  Palus- 
tris. 

Liniment  of  Spanish  Flies.  See  Fini- 
mentum  Cantharidis. 

Liniinen'tum  Canthar'idis.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Liniment  of  Spanish  Flies, 
or  Liniment  of  Cantharides. 

Lunar  Caustic.  See  Argenti  Nitras 
Fusa. 

Mezereon.  See  Mezerenm. 
Mezere'um.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Me- 
zereon. The  bark  of  Daph'ne  Mezere'um 
and  of  Daph'ne  Gnid'ium  (U.S.  Ph.). 
The  dried  bark  of  Daphne  mezereum,  or 
Daph'ne  laureo'la  (Br.  Ph.). 

Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies.  See  ITn- 
guentum  Cantharidis. 

Potato  Flies.  See  Cantharis  Vit- 
tata. 

Ranun  culus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Crowfoot. 
The  cormus  and  herb  of  JRanun'culus 
bulbo'sus . 

Sabadil'la.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ceva- 
dilla.  See  Class  IX. 

Stronger  Solution  of  Ammonia.  See 

Aqua  Ammonia;  Fortior. 

llngucir  turn  Canthar'idis.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies. 

Vinegar  of  Spanish  Flies.  See  Ace- 
tum  Cantharidis. 


RUBEFACIENTS.— ESCIIAROTICS. 


CLASS  XVII. 

RUBEFACIENTS. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  INFLAME  THE  SKIN  WITHOUT  VESICATING  AS  AN  ORDINARY 

RESULT. 


A'bies  Canaden'sis.  See  Pix  Cana- 
den 'sis. 

A'bies  ExceVsa.  See  Pix  Burgun- 
dica. 

Ac'idum  Acet'icum  Glacia'le. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Glacial  Acetic  Acid.  See  Class 
XVI. 

Ammo'nise  Fi'quor  For'tior.  (Br. 
Ph.)  See  next  article. 

A'qua  Ammo  nite  For'tior.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Stronger  Water  of  Ammonia. 

Armora'cia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Horseradish 
Root.  See  Classes  XV.  and  X. 

Burgundy  Pitch.  See  Pix  Burgun- 
dica. 

Canada  Pitch.  See  Pix  Canaden- 
sis. 

Cap  sicum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ca- 
yenne Pepper.  See  Class  III. 

Cayenne  Pepper.  See  Capsicum. 

Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia . See  Anno- 
racia. 

Crowfoot.  See  Ranunculus. 

Fl'emi.  (Br.  Ph.)  Elemi.  A concrete 
resinous  exudation  : botanical  source  un- 
determined, probably  from  Cana' Hum 
commit' ne. 

Glacial  Acetic  Acid.  See  Acidum 
Aceticum  Glaciate. 

Horseradish.  See  Arinoracia. 

Liniment  of  Ammonia.  See  Fini- 
mentum  Ammonia*. 

Finimen'tum  Ammonise.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Liniment  of  Ammonia,  or 
Volatile  Liniment. 

Fi'quor  Ammo  nise.  (Br.  Ph.)  So- 


lution of  Ammonia.  The  same  as  Aqua 
Ammonia;. 

Mustard.  See  Sinapis  Alba. 

Oil  of  Rosemary.  See  Oleum  Ros- 
marinus. 

Oil  of  Turpentine.  See  Oleum  Tere- 
bintliinse. 

O leum  Rosmari'ni.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Rosemary. 

O leum  Sabi'na*.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Oil  of  Savine.  See  Class  XIII. 

O leum  Terebin'thiuae.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Oil  of  Turpentine.  See  Class  X. 

Pi'nus  A'bies.  See  Pix  Biirgun- 
dica. 

Pi'nus  Canaden’sis.  See  Pix  Cana- 
densis. 

Pix  Rurgun'dica.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Burgundy  Pitch.  The  prepared 
concrete  juice  of  A'bies  excel' sa  (U.S. 
Ph.).  A resinous  exudation  from  the 
stem  of  Abies  excelsa  (Br.  Ph.). 

Pix  Canaden'sis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Canada 
Pitch,  or  Hemlock  Pitch.  The  prepared 
concrete  juice  of  A’bies  Canaden'sis. 

Ran  mi 'cuius.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Crowfoot. 
See  Class  XVI. 

Sina'pis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Mustard.  Sina'~ 
pis  ni’gra  and  Sina'pis  al'ba.  The  seeds 
reduced  to  powder,  mixed. 

Sina'pis  Al'ba.  (U.S.  Ph.)  White 
Mustard.  The  seed  of  Sinapis  alba. 

Sina'pis  SSi'gra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Black 
Mustard.  The  seed  of  Sinapis  nigra. 

Stronger  Water  (or  Solution)  of  Am- 
monia. See  Aqua  Ammonise  Fortior. 


CLASS  XVIII. 


ESCHAROTICS. 


SUBSTANCES  WHICH  DESTROY  THE  LIFE  OF  THE  PART  TO  WHICH  THEY  ARE  APPLIED, 
AND  PRODUCE  A SLOUGH. 


A^'idum  Arsenio'sum.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Arsenious  Acid.  White  Arsenic, 
or  White  Oxide  of  Arsenic.  A white  pow- 
der, sparingly  soluble  in  water,  and  en- 
tirely volatilized  by  heat.  See  Class  XXI. 

Aq’idum.  Chro'micum.  Chromic  Acid. 


A$'idum  Xi'tricum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitric  Acid,  or  Aqua  Fortis.  See 
Class  II.,  Section  V. 

A^'idumSulpliu'ricnm.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Class  II., 
Section  V. 


643 


ESCHAROTICS. 


Aln’men  Exxicca*  turn.  Dried  Alum. 

Anacar' dium  Occident a' le,  or  Cashew 
Nut. 

Antimo'nii  Tcrchlo'ridi  Liquor. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Terchloride  of 
Antimony. 

A' qua  For'tis.  See  Acidum  Nitri- 

C 11 111. 

Argen'ti  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  or  Lunar  Caustic.  A 
heavy,  colorless,  anhydrous  salt,  wholly 
soluble  in  distilled  water. 

Arsenious  Acid.  See  Acidum  Arse- 
iiiosum. 

Bichloride  of  Mercury.  See  Ilydrar- 
gyri  Cliloridum  Corrosivum. 

Blue  Vitriol.  See  Capri  Sulphas. 

Calx.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Lime. 

Cashew  Nut.  See  Anacardium  Oc- 
cident ale. 

Caustic  Potash.  See  Potassa  Caus- 
tica. 

Caustic  Soda.  See  Soda  Caustica. 

Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Clilo- 
ridiini. 

Chromic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Chro- 
miciini. 

Common  Caustic.  See  Potassa. 

Corrosive  Sublimate.  See  Iffydrar- 
gyri  Cliloridum  Corrosivum. 

Creasote.  See  Creasotum. 

Creaso'tum.  (U.  S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Creasote.  See  Class  V. 

Cu'pri  Ni'tras.  Nitrate  of  Copper. 

Cu'pri  Subace'tas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sub- 
acetate of  Copper,  or  Verdigris.  A sub- 
stance in  pale-green  masses. 

Cu'pri  Sulphas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  or  Blue  Vitriol.  See 
Class  I.  and  II. 

Dried  Alum.  See  Alumen  Exsic- 
catiiin. 

Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridum  Corro- 
si'vum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Corrosive  Chlo- 
ride of  Mercury,  or  Corrosive  Sublimate. 
A substance  in  colorless  crystals  or  crys- 
talline masses,  which  are  fusible  by  heat 
and  entirely  soluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
and  ether.  See  Class  XXI. 

Hydrar'gyri  Nitra'tis  Ei'quor 
A^'idus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Acid  Solution  of 
the  Nitrate  of  Mercury. 

Hydrar'gyri  Oxidum  Ru'hrum. 
(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Red  Oxide  of  Mer- 
cury, or  Red  Precipitate.  An  orange- 
red  powder,  entirely  soluble  in  muriatic 
acid. 

Ilydrar'qyri  Pernitra' tin  Li'qnor.  So- 
lution of  Pernitratc  of  Mercury.  The 
same  ns  Hydrargyri  Nitralis  Eiquor 
Acid  us. 

644 


Iffy  d rar'gyrnm  Corrosi ' vum 

Sublima'tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  Bi- 
chloride of  Mercury,  or  Corrosive  Sub- 
limate. See  Hy drargyri  Cliloridum 
Corrosivum. 

Iodide  of  Calomel. 

Lime.  See  Calx. 

Ei'quor  Potas'sse.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Potash. 

Ei'quor  So'dse.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Solution 

of  Soda. 

Lunar  Caustic.  See  Argenti  Xitras. 
Nitrate  of  Copper.  See  Cupri  Xi- 
tras. 

Nitrate  of  Silver.  See  Argenti  Ni- 
teas. 

Nitric  Acid.  See  Acidum  Nltri- 
cum. 

Permanganate  of  Potash.  See  Po- 
tassa; Permauganas. 

Plum'M  Bichro'mas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Bichromate  of  Lead.  See  Class  VIII. 

Potas'sa.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Common  Caustic. 
A very  deliquescent  alkali,  soluble,  with 
the  exception  of  a slight  residue,  in 
alcohol  and  in  water. 

Potas'sa  Cans' tica.  (Br.  Ph.)  Caus- 
tic Potash,  or  Hydrate  of  Potash.  The 
same  as  Potassa. 

Potas'sa  cum  Cal'ci.  Potash  with 
Lime. 

Potas'sse  Hy'dras.  H}Tdrate  of  Po- 
tassa. See  Potassa  Caustica. 

Potas'sa;  Permauganas.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Permanganate  of  Potash 
A substance  in  needle-shaped  crystals  of 
a deep  purple  color. 

Red  Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri  Oxidum  Rubrum. 

Red  Precipitate.  See  Hydra rgyri 
Oxidum  Rubrum. 

So'da  Cans' tica.  (Br.  Ph.)  Caustic 
Soda. 

Solution  of  Pernitrate  of  Mercury.  See 

Hyd rargy ri  Permatratis  Eiquor. 

Solution  of  Potash.  See  Eiquor 

Potassse. 

Solution  of  Soda.  See  Eiquor  Soda;. 
Subacetate  of  Copper.  See  Cupri 
Subaicetas. 

Sulphate  of  Copper.  Sec  Cupri  Sul- 
phas. 

Sulphuric  Acid.  See  Acidum  Sul- 
phuricum. 

Verdigris.  See  Cupri  Subaeoias. 
White  Oxide  of  Arsenic.  See  Aciduan 
Arscuiosum. 

Zin'vi  Clilo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Zinc.  A white  deli- 
quescent salt,  wholly  soluble  in  water, 
alcohol,  and  ether. 


DEMULCENTS. 


CLASS  XIX. 

DEMULCENTS. 

BLAND  UNIRRITATING  SUBSTANCES,  MOST  OF  WHICH  FORM,  WITH  WATER,  A VISCID 

SOLUTION. 


Aca'cia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Gum 
Arabic.  The  concrete  juice  of  Aca'cia 
ve'ra  and  of  other  species  of  Acacia 
(U.S.  Ph.).  A gummy  exudation  from 
the  stem  of  one  or  more  undetermined 
species  of  Acacia  (Br.  Ph.). 

Altliae'a.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Marshmallow. 
The  root  of  Althse'a  ojfficina'  lis. 

Amygdala.  (Br.  Ph.)  Sweet  Al- 
mond, or  Jordan  Almond.  The  same  as 
Amygdala  Oulcis. 

Amyg'dala  Bul'cis.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Sweet  Almond.  The  kernel  of  the  fruit 
of  Amyg'dalus  commu'nis,  variety  dul'cis. 

Am'ylum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Starch, 
or  Wheat  Starch.  The  fecula  of  the  seed 
of  Trit'icum  vulga're. 

Arrow  Root.  See  Maranta. 

Astrag'  alus  Ve'rus.  See  Tragacan- 
tlia. 

Ave'me  Fari'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oat- 
meal. Meal  prepared  from  the  seeds  of 
the  Ave'na  sati'va. 

Barley.  See  Hordeum. 

Be  la.  (Br.  Ph.)  Bael.  (The  ripe 
fruit  is  demulcent,  the  unripe  astrin- 
gent.) See  Class  I. 

Benne  Leaves.  See  Sesami  Folium. 

€an'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Canna  Starch. 
The  fecula  prepared  from  the  rhizoma 
of  an  undetermined  species  of  Canna. 

Carrageen.  See  Claondrus. 

Ceta'ceum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Sper- 
maceti. A crystalline,  pearly-white  sub- 
stance (nearly  pure  Cetine)  obtained  from 
the  oil  of  the  Physe'ter  macroceph'  alus. 

Cetra'ria.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
Cetra'ria  Islan'  dica,  or  Iceland  Moss. 
(Also  slightly  tonic.) 

Chon'drus.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  Chon' - 
drns  cris'pus.  Carrageen,  or  Irish  Moss. 

Comfrey.  See  Symphytum  Offici- 
nale. 

Common.  Mallow.  See  Malva  Syl- 
vestris. 

Cy'cas  Circina' lis.  See  Sago. 

Cydo’nia  Vulga'ris.  See  €ydonimn. 

Cydo'nium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Quince 
Seed.  The  seed  of  Cydo'nia  vidga'ris. 

Dextrin  [ Dextri'na ].  A mucilaginous 
substance  obtained  from  starch. 

Elm  Bark.  See  IJlmus. 

55 


Extrac'tum  Glycyrrlti'zee.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Liquorice. 

?Fi'cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Fig.  See 
Class  IX. 

Fig.  See  Ficus. 

Flaxseed.  See  Linum. 

Glycerin,  or  Glycerine.  See  Glyce- 
rin a. 

Glyceri'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Glycerin. 
A colorless,  inodorous,  syrupy  liquid,  of 
a sweet  taste,  soluble  in  water  and  in 
alcohol.  Specific  gravity,  1.25. 

Glyceri'num.  (Br.  Ph.)  Glycerine, 
or  Glycerin.  The  same  as  Glycerina. 

Glycyrrlii'za.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Liquorice  Root.  The  root  of  Glycyrrhi'za 
gla'bra  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  root  or  under- 
ground stem,  fresh  and  dried,  of  Glycyr- 
rhiza  glabra  (Br.  Ph.). 

Gum  Arabic.  See  Acacia. 

llor  deum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Bar- 
ley. The  decorticated  seed  of  Hor’deum 
dis'ticlwn  (U.S.  Ph.).  Hordcum  disti- 
chum:  the  seeds  deprived  of  the  husks 
(Br.  Ph.). 

Iceland  Moss.  See  Cetraria. 

Irish  Moss.  See  ( liomlrus. 

Jan'ipha  Man’ihot , or  Jat'ropha  Man'- 
ihot.  See  Tapioca. 

Li'chen  Islan' dicus.  See  Cetraria. 

Ei'ni  Se  men.  (Br.  Ph.)  Flaxseed. 
See  next  article. 

Li'mim.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Flaxseed.  The 
seed  of  Li'num  usitatis' simum . 

Liquorice.  See  Extractum  Glycyr- 
rlaizae. 

Liquorice  Root.  See  Glycyrrliiza. 

Ly' thrum  Salica'ria.  Loose-strife. 

Mal’va  Sylves'tris.  Common  Mallow. 

Maran  ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Arrow  Root. 
The  fecula  of  the  rhizoma  of  Maran'ta 
arundina'  cea. 

Marshmallow.  See  Althaea. 

Oatmeal.  See  A venae  Farina. 

Oleum  Amygdalae.  (Br.  Ph.)  Oil 
of  Almond.  The  same  as  Oleum  Amyg- 
dalae Oulcis. 

O leum  Amyg'dalae  Bul'cis.  (U.S. 

Ph.)  Oil  of  Sweet  Almond. 

Ory'za  Sati'va.  Rice. 

Quince  Seed.  See  Cydonium. 

Rice.  See  Oryza  Saliva. 


615 


DEMULCENTS.— EMOLLIENTS. 


Sac'cliarnm.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sugar. 

The  sugar  of  Sac'charum  ofjicina'rum. 

Sa'go.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  prepared 
fecula  of  the  pith  of  Sa'gus  Jium'phii 
and  of  other  species  of  Sag  us. 

Sague'rus  Jium'phii.  See  Sago. 
Sa'gus  Jium'phii.  See  Sago. 
Sas'safras  Medul  la.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Sassafras  Pith. 

Ses'ami  Fo  lium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Benne 
Leaf  (or  Sesami  Folia , Benne  Leaves). 
The  leaves  of  Ses'amum  Jn'dicum  and  of 
Ses'amnm  Orienta'le. 

Slippery  Elm  Bark.  See  Ulmns  Fulva. 
Spermaceti.  See  Fetaceum. 

Starch.  See  Amylum. 

Sugar.  See  Saccliarum. 

Sweet  Almond.  See  Amygdala 
Dulcis. 


Sym'pliytum  Officina'le.  Comfrey. 

Tapio'ca.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  fecula  of 
the  root  of  Jan'ipha  man'ihot. 

Tragacanth.  See  Tragaeantba. 

Tragacan'tha.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Tragacanth.  The  concrete  juice  of  As- 
trag'alus  ve'rus  and  of  other  species  of 
Astrag'alus  (U.S.  Ph.).  A gummy  exu- 
dation from  the  stem  of  Astragalus  verus 
(Br.  Ph.). 

Fl'miis.  (Br.  Ph.)  Elm  Bark.  The 
dried  inner  bark,  deprived  of  its  outer 
layers,  of  Ul'rnus  campes'tris. 

Fl'miis  Ful'va.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Slip- 
pery Elm  Bark.  The  inner  bark  of 
Ulmns  fulva. 

Vi'ola.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Violet.  The  herb 

of  Vi' ola  peda'ta. 

Violet.  See  Viola. 


CLASS  XX. 

EMOLLIENTS. 

SUBSTANCES  WHICH  HAVE  THE  PROPERTY  OF  SOFTENING  AND  SOOTHING  AN  IRRI- 
TATED SURFACE,  OR  ONE  HARSH  FROM  DRYNESS. 


A'deps.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Lard.  The  pre- 
pared fat  of  Sus  scro'fa. 

A'deps  Prajpara'tns.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Prepared  Lard.  See  Adeps. 

Avense  Fari'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Oat- 
meal. See  Class  XIX. 

Cerate  of  Lard.  See  Feratum  Adi- 
pis. 

Cera'tnm  Ad  1 pis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ce- 
rate of  Lard,  or  Simple  Cerate. 

Fera'tum  Feta'cei.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Ce- 
rate of  Spermaceti. 

Fera'tum  Plum'bi  Subaceta'tis. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Goulard’s  Cerate. 

Fera'tum  Sapo'nis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Soap 
Cerate. 

Cera'tum  Sim'plex.  (“  Simple  Cerate/’) 

See  Feratinn  Adipis. 

Feta'ceuin.  (Br.  Ph.)  Spermaceti. 
See  Class  XIX. 

Common  Mallow.  See  Malva  Syl- 
vestris. 

? Dau’ci  Ra'dix.  Garden  Carrot  Root. 
Flaxseed.  See  Linum. 

Flaxseed  Oil.  See  Oleum  Uni. 
Garden  Carrot.  See  Dauci  Radix. 
Goulard’s  Cerate.  See  Feratum 
1*1  iimbi  Subacetatis. 

Lime  Liniment.  See  Unimoiituin 
Falcis. 

Li'nl  Fari'na.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Linseed  Meal. 

646 


U'ni  Se'men.  (Br.  Ph.)  Flaxseed. 

See  Iiinnm. 

Unimeii'tuni  Fal'cis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Lime  Liniment. 

Linseed  Meal.  See  Uni  Farina. 
U'niiin.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Flaxseed.  See 
Class  XIX. 

Mal'va  Sylres’tris.  Common  Mallow. 
See  Class  XIX. 

Oatmeal.  See  Avense  Farina. 

Ointment  of  Rose  Water.  See  FTn- 
guentum  Aquae  Rosa*. 

O leum  U'ni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Flaxseed  Oil,  or  Linseed  Oil. 

O'leum  Oli'vie.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Olive  Oil,  or  Sweet  Oil.  See  Class  IX. 

O'leum  Ses'ami.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Benne 
Oil.  The  oil  of  the  seed  of  Ses'amum 
In'dicum  and  Ses'amum  Orienta'le. 

Olive  Oil.  See  Oleum  Oliva*. 

Nearly  all  the  fixed  oils  may  bo 
used  as  emollients.) 

8e'vum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Suet.  The  pre- 
pared suet  of  Orvis  a’ries. 

Se'vuin  Pra*para' turn.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Prepared  Suet.  The  same  as  Sevum. 

Simple  Cerate.  See  Feratum  Sim- 
plex. 

Simple  Ointment.  See  Fnguentuin 
Adipis. 

j Spermaceti.  See  Fetaeeum. 

I Sweet  Oil.  Sec  Oleum  Olivsc. 


ALTERATIVES. 


ITnguen'tum  Ad'ipis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Ointment  of  Lard;  also  called  Ungual' - 
turn  Sim’plex. 

r II £11  on' tu 111  A 'qua?  Ro'sie.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Ointment  of  Rose  Water. 


Ungucn’tum  Sim'plex.  See  Unguen* 
tu in  Adipfs. 

Fi'ola.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Violet.  See  Class 
XIX. 


CLASS  XXI. 

ALTERATIVES. 

MEDICINES  WHICH  PRODUCE  GRADUALLY  AND  SCARCELY  PERCEPTIBLY  SUCH  A 
CHANGE  IN  THE  FUNCTIONS  OF  ORGANS  AS  TO  PERMIT  A HEALTHY  ACTION  TO 
TAKE  THE  PLACE  OF  DISEASE. 


A^'idnm  Arseuio'sum.  (U.S. and 
Br.  Ph.)  Arsenious  Acid,  or  White  Ar- 
senic. See  Class  XVIII. 

Ar/idiwi  Hydriod'icum,  Hydriodic 
Acid. 

A^'idum  Nitro-liydroclilo'rieum 
Dilu'tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  same  as 

Acid  uni  Nitromuriaticum  Dilu> 
turn. 

A^iduni  Nitromuriat'icum  Bi- 

lii'tiiiu.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Nitromuriatic  Acid. 
See  Class  II.,  Section  V. 

A$'idum  Sulpliuro'sum.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Sulphurous  Acid.  A color- 
less liquid  having  the  odor  of  burning 
sulphur,  and  a sulphurous,  sour,  and 
somewhat  astringent  taste.  (Used  chiefly 
as  an  external  application  in  cutaneous 
affections.) 

JE'therHydriod'icnfi.  Ilydriodic  Ether. 
Ammo' nine  Arse'nias . Arseniate  of 
Ammonia. 

? Ammonia*  Ptios'phas.  (Br.  Ph  ) 
Phosphate  of  Ammonia.  A substanc ; 
in  colorless  transparent  prisms  which 
become  opaque  on  exposure  to  air. 

Ammoniated  Mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
gyrum Aminoiiiatuin. 

Ammo'nii  Iod'idum,  Iodide  of  Am- 
monium. 

Antimonial  Powder.  See  Pulvis  An- 
ti monialis. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum  Prsecipita' turn. 

The  same  as  Aiitiinoniiim  Sulpliu- 
ratum. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure’tum  Prscpara'tum. 

Antimo'nium  Sulptiura'tum. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Sulphurated  Anti- 
mony. See  Class  XI. 

Arseniate  of  Ammonia.  See  Am- 
moniac Arseni  as. 

Arseniate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Arse- 
nias. 

Arsen'ici  Iod'idum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Iodide  of  Arsenic. 


Arsenious  Acid.  See  Acidum  Arse- 
niostim. 

Black  Oxide  of  Manganese.  See 

Nlanganesii  Oxidimi  Nigrum. 

Black  Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Iffy- 

drargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum. 

Black  Sulphuret  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 

drargyri  Sulpliu  return  Nigrum. 

Bladder-wrack.  See  Fucus  Vesicu- 
losus. 

Bromide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Bromi- 
d 11 ill. 

Bromide  of  Mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri  Bromidum. 

Bromide  of  Potassium.  See  Potassii 
Bromidtim. 

Bromin'ii  Chlo'ridum . Chloride  of 
Bromine. 

Bromin'ium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Bromine. 
A dark-red  liquid  having  a strong  odor, 
and  entirely  volatilized  by  heat  in  red- 
dish vapor.  Specific  gravity,  3.0. 

Cad’mii  fod'idum.  Iodide  of  Cadmium. 
Calomel.  See  Hydrargyri  Flilori- 
dnm  NIite,  and  Calomelas. 

Falom'elas.  (Br.  Ph.)  Calomel,  or 
the  Subchloride  of  Mercury.  A dull- 
white,  heavy,  and  nearly  tasteless  powder, 
insoluble  in  water,  alcohol,  or  ether. 

Carburet  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Car- 
buretum. 

Chloride  of  Bromine.  See  Brominii 
Ciiloridum. 

Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  Flilori- 
dum. 

C hry sophy  Vlum  Glycyphlce'iim.  See 

Monesia. 

Cinnabar.  See  HycXrargyri  Sul- 
pliuretum  Rubrum. 

Col'chici  For 'mus.  (Br.  Ph.)  Col- 
chicum  Corm.  The  fresh  corm  of  Col' - 
chicum  autumna'le , collected  about  the 
end  of  June.  The  same  as  Colehici 
Radix. 

Fol'chici  Ra  dix.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Col- 
647 


ALTERATIVES. 


chicum  Root.  The  cormus  of  Col'chicum 
autnmna'  le.  See  Class  X. 

Col'chaci  Semen.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Col- 
chicum  Seed.  The  seed  of  Col' chicum 
aut.umna’  le.  See  Class  X. 

Colchicum  Root.  See  Colcliici  Ra- 
dix. 

Colchicum  Seed.  See  Colchici  Se- 
men. 

Corrosive  Sublimate.  See  Hydrar- 
gy  ri  Uliloridum  €orrosivum. 

Fer'ri  Arse'nias.  (Br.  Ph.)  Arse- 
niate  of  Iron. 

Fer'ri  Brom'  idum.  Bromide  of  Iron. 
? Fer'ri  Carhure' turn.  Carburet  of 

Iron,  or  Plumbago. 

Fer'ri  lodidum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Iodide 
of  Iron.  See  Class  XIII. 

Fu'cus  Vesiculo' 8U8.  Bladder-wrack, 
or  Sea-wrack. 

? Glycerin. 

Green  Iodide  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri  Iodldtim  Viride. 

Hemides'mus.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  root 

of  Hemides' mu8  In'dicus . 

Hydrar'gyri  Brom' idum.  Bromide  of 
Mercury. 

Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridum  Corro- 
si'vum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Corrosive  Chloride 
of  Mercury,  or  Corrosive  Sublimate.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridum  Mi'te. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury,  or 
Calomel.  A white  or  pale  buff  powder, 
which  is  tasteless  and  inodorous,  and  in- 
soluble in  water,  alcohol,  or  ether. 

Hydrar'gyri  Iod'iduni  Ru'brum. 
(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Red  Iodide  of  Mer- 
cury. A red  powder  which  becomes  yel- 
low when  heated,  and  red  again  when 
cold. 

Hydrar'gyri  Iod'idum  Vir'ide. 

(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Green  Iodide  of 
Mercury.  A greenish-yellow  powder, 
which  becomes  red  when  heated. 

Hydrar'gyri  Ni'tras.  Nitrate  of 

Mercury. 

Hydrar'gyri  Ox'idum  Ni'grum. 

Black  Oxide  of  Mercury. 

? Hydrar'gyri  Ox'idum  Ru'- 
bruni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Red  Oxide 
of  Mercury,  or  Red  Precipitate.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

Hydrar'gyri  Sul'phas  Fla'va. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mer- 
cury, or  Turpeth  Mineral.  See  Class 
VIII. 

Hydrar’gyri  Snlphnre'tum  Ni'grnm. 
Black  Sulphurct  of  Mercury,  or  Ethiops 
Mineral. 

Hydrar'gyri  Sulphure'tum  Ru'- 

648 


brum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Red  Sulphuret  of 
Mercury,  or  Cinnabar. 

? Hydrar  gyrum  Ammonia'tum. 
(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ammoniated  Mer- 
cury, or  White  Precipitate. 

Hydrargyrum  Corrosi'vum 

Sublima'tum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Corrosive 
Sublimate.  See  Class  XVIII. 

Hydrar'gyrum  cum  Cre'ta.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Mercury  with  Chalk. 

Hydriodic  Acid.  See  Acidum  Hy- 
driodicum.  ' 

Hydriodic  Ether.  See  iEther  Hy- 
driodicus. 

Hydrocot' yle  Asiat'ica.  Thick-leaved 
Penny-wort.  (A  remedy  for  leprosy.) 

Iodide  of  Ammonium.  See  Animo- 
aiii  lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Arsenic.  See  Arsenici 
lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Cadmium.  See  Cadmii 
lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Potassium.  See  Potassii 
lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Sulphur.  See  Sulphuris 
lodidum. 

Iodide  of  Zinc.  See  Zinci  lodidum. 

Iodine.  See  Iodinium. 

loditi'iuni.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Iodine.  A 
substance  in  bluish -black  crystalline 
scales  having  the  metallic  lustre.  When 
heated,  it  first  melts  and  then  rises  in 
purple  vapor.  Specific  gravity,  4.9. 

I'odum.  (Br.  Ph.)  Iodine.  The 
same  as  Iodinium. 

Li'quor  Arsen' ici  Chlo'ridi.  Solution 
of  Chloride  of  Arsenic. 

Fi'quor  Arsen 'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri 
lod'idi.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Solution  of  Iodide 
of  Arsenic  and  Mercury. 

Fi'quorPotas'sze Arsen i'tis.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Arsenite  of  Potassa. 

J fangane’sii  Ox'idum  Ni’grnm.  Black 
Oxide  of  Manganese. 

Mangane'sii  Sul  phas.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Sulphate  of  Manganese.  See  Class  IX. 

Mercury  with  Chalk.  See  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  Creta. 

Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drarygyri  Ctiloridum  Mite. 

JAoae's/a.  An  extract  from  the  Chry- 
8ophyl'lum  glyoyph/oe'um. 

Nitrate  of  Mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri  Xitras. 

Ointment  of  Mercury.  Sec  Fiiguen- 
tum  Hydrargyri. 

Pills  of  Mercury.  See  Pilube  Hy- 
drargyri. 

Pil'ulse  Hydrar'gyri.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Pills  of  Mercury. 


ALTERATIVES.— ANTACIDS. 


Plumbago.  See  Ferri  Carburetum. 

Potas'sse  Perman'ganas.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Permanganate  of  Potash.  See  Class 
XVIII.  and  XXIV. 

? Potas'sx  Phos'phas.  Phosphate  of 
Potash. 

Potas'sii  Brom'idiim.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Bromide  of  Potassium. 

Potas'sii  Iod'idum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Iodide  of  Potassium.  It  occurs  in 
colorless  crystals,  readily  soluble  in  water. 

Precipitated  Sulphuret  of  Antimony. 
See  Antimonium  Sulphuratum. 

Pul  vis  Antimonia'Iis.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Antimonial  Powder.  See  Class  XI. 

Red  Iodide  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri  lodidum  Rubruni. 

Red  Oxide  of  Mercury.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri  Oxidum  Rubrum. 

Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri  Sulphuret  inn  Rubrum. 

Sapona'ria  OJJicinu'lis.  Soapwort. 

Sar'sa.  (Br.  Ph.)  Jamaica  Sarsapa- 
rilla. The  same  as  Sarsaparilla. 

Sarsaparilla.  (U.S.  Ph.')  The  root 
of  Smi'lax  ojjicina'lis  and  of  other  spe- 
cies of  Smt’lax. 

Sea-wrack.  See  Fucus  Vesiculo- 
sus. 

Smi'lax.  As'pera.  See  Sarsaparilla. 

Smi'lax  Ojjicina'lis.  See  Sarsapa- 
rilla- 


Smi'lax  Syphilit'ica.  See  Sarsapa- 
rilla. 

Soapwort.  See  Saponaria  Offici- 
nalis. 

Solution  of  Arsenite  of  Potassa.  See 
Liquor  Potassse  Arseni  I is. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Arsenic.  See 
Liquor  Arsenici  Chloridi. 

Solution  of  Iodide  of  Arsenic  and  Mer- 
cury. See  Liquor  Arsenici  et  Hy- 
dra rgyri  Iodidi. 

Stilling  in.  (U.S.  Ph.)  The  root  of 
Stillin'gia  sylvat'ica. 

Sulphur,  in  its  various  forms,  is  by 
some  medical  writers  regarded  as  altera- 
tive. See  Classes  IX.  and  XII. 

Sulphurated  Antimony.  See  Anti- 
nionium  Sulpliuratuin. 

Sul'pliuris  Iod'idum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Iodide  of  Sulphur. 

Turpcth  Mineral.  See  Hydrargyri 
Sulphas  Flava. 

ITnguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri.  (U.S. 
and  Br.  Ph.)  Ointment  of  Mercury. 

Vi'num  Col'chici  Radi  Vis.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Wine  of  Colchicum  Root.  See 
Class  X. 

Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mercury.  See 
Hydrargyri  Sulphas  Flava. 

Zin'^i  Clilo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Class  XVIII. 

Zin'gi  Iod'idum.  Iodide  of  Zinc. 


CLASS  XXII. 

ANTACIDS. 


SUBSTANCES  WHICH  ARE  CAPABLE  OF  COMBINING  WITH  AND  NEUTRALIZING  ACIDS. 
HENCE  ALL  SALIFIABLE  BASES  ARE  ANTACIDS,*  BUT  THE  ALKALIES,  ALKALINE 
EARTHS,  AND  THEIR  CARBONATES,  ARE  ALMOST  EXCLUSIVELY  EMPLOYED  FOR 
THIS  PURPOSE. 


Ammo' nix  A' qua.  See  Aqua  Am- 
moniac. 

Ammo  nia*  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See 
Class  III. 

Ammo'nise  Li'quor.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Solution  of  Ammonia.  See  next  arti- 
cle. 

A'qua  Ammo'nise.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Water  (or  Solution)of  Ammonia. 

Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia.  See 
Spiritus  Ammonise  Aromaticus. 

Bicarbonate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassse 
Bicarbonas. 

Bicarbonate  of  Soda.  See  Sodse  Bi- 
carbonas. 

Calcined  Magnesia.  See  Magnesia. 

55* 


Carbonate  of  Ammonia.  See  Ammo- 

nise  C arbonas. 

Carbonate  of  Lithia.  See  Lithise 
Carbonas. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia.  See  Magne- 
sise  Carbonas. 

Carbonate  of  Potassa.  See  Potassse 
Carbonas. 

Carbonate  of  Soda.  See  Sodse  Car- 
bonas. 

Chalk.  See  Creta. 

Cre'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Chalk.  Native 
friable  carbonate  of  lime. 

Cre'ta  Prsepara'ta.  (Br.  Ph.)  Pre- 
pared Chalk. 

Dried  Carbonate  of  Soda.  See  Sodse 
Carbonas  Fxsiccata. 


649 


ANTACIDS.— ANTHELMINTICS. 


Fer'ri  Ox'idum  Hydra'tum. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Hydrated  Oxide  of  Iron. 
(An  antidote  to  arsenious  acid.) 

Fer'ri  Perox'idiim  Hydra'tiim. 

(Br.  Ph.)  Hydrated  Peroxide  of  Iron. 

The  same  as  Ferri  Oxidum  Hydra- 
turn. 

Hydrated  Oxide  of  Iron.  See  Ferri 
Oxidum  Hydratunl. 

Lime  Water.  See  Liquor  Calcic. 
Liquor  Cal'cis.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Lime  Water. 

Li'quor  Potas'sae.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Solution  of  Potassa.  See  Class  XVIII. 

ILi'quor  So'clse.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Solu- 
tion of  Soda.  See  Class  XVIII. 

Litb'ise  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Lithia.  (A  remedy 
for  calculus.) 

Magne'sia.  (Br.  Ph.)  Calcined  Mag- 
nesia. See  Class  IX. 

Magne'siae  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Magnesia.  See 
Class  IX. 

? Potas  sa  Sulphura'ta.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphurated  Potash.  The  same  as  Po- 
tassii  Sulpliu  return. 

Potas'sse  Bicarbo'uas.  (U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Bicarbonate  of  Potassa,  or  Sal 
seratus.  A substance  in  white,  colorless 
crystals,  permanent  in  the  air  and  wholly 
soluble  in  water. 


Potas'sae  Carbo'nas.  (U.  S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Potash;  other- 
wise called  Subcarbonate  of  Potash.  A 
white  crystalline  powder,  alkaline  and 
caustic  to  the  taste,  very  deliquescent, 
and  readily  soluble  in  water. 

? Potas'sii  Sulphure'tum.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

Prepared  Chalk.  See  Creta  Praepa- 
rata. 

Prepared  Oyster  Shell.  See  Testa 
Praeparata. 

Sa'po.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Soap. 

So'dae  Bicarbo'uas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Bicarbonate  of  Soda. 

So'dae  Carbo'nas.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Carbonate  of  Soda. 

So'dae  Carbo'nas  Exsicca'ta, 
(U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Dried  Carbonate  of 
Soda. 

Solution  of  Ammonia.  See  Amino* 

niae  Liquor. 

Solution  of  Potassa.  See  Liquor 

Potassae. 

Spir'itus  A in  mo' nine  Aromat'i- 
cus.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Aromatic  Spirit 
of  Ammonia.  See  Class  IV. 

Sulphuret  of  Potassium.  See  Potas- 
sii  Sulpliuretuin. 

Tes'ta  O'vi . Egg  Shell. 

Tes'ta  Praepara'ta.  (U.  S.  Ph.) 
Prepared  Oyster  Shell. 


CLASS  XXIII. 

ANTHELMINTICS. 

SUBSTANCES  WHICH  HAVE  THE  PROPERTY  OF  POISONING  OR  DEBILITATING  WORMS  IN 
THE  ALIMENTARY  CANAL,  AND  THUS  RENDERING  THEM  MORE  EASY  OF  EXPULSION. 
IN  RELATION  TO  THEIR  MODE  OF  OPERATION,  IT  IS  PROBABLE  THAT  SOME  ACT  BY  A 
DIRECTLY  POISONOUS  INFLUENCE  UPON  THE  WORM.  OTHERS  BY  A MECHANICAL 


AGENCY. 

? Absin'thium.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Worm- 
wood. See  Class  II.,  Section  II. 

Asacjrse'a  Ojjicina'  lis.  See  Sabadilla. 

Ascle'pias  Curassavi' ca.  Bastard  Ipe- 
cacuanha, or  Blood  Weed.  (The  ex- 
pressed juice.) 

Aspid'ium  Fi'lix  3Tas.  See  Filix. 

Asple'nium  Fi'lix  Foem'ina , otherwise 
called  A8pid'ium  Fi'lix  Foem'ina . Fe- 
male Fern. 

Azed'arach.  (U.S.  Ph.)  See  Class 
IX. 

Bastard  Ipecacuanha.  See  Asclepias 
Curassavica. 

Bear's-foot.  See  Ilelleborus  Foet- 
id us. 


Blood  Weed.  See  Asclepias  Curas- 
savi ca. 

Calomel.  See  Hyilrargyri  Clilori- 
dum  Mite,  and  Caloinelas. 

Calom'elas.  (Br.  Ph.)  Calomel.  See 
Class  XXI. 

Cevadilla.  See  Sabadilla. 

Chamomile,  German.  See  Matrica- 
ria. 

Clicnopo'diuni.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Worm- 
seed.  The  fruit  of  Chenopo'dium  anthcl- 
miu'ticum . 

Chloride  of  Sodium.  Sec  Sodii  Chlo- 
ridum. 

Cinnabar.  See  Ilydrargyri  Sul* 
pliiiretuni  Itubrum. 


650 


ANTHELMINTICS.— DISINFECTANTS  AND  ANTISEPTICS. 


Common  Salt.  See  Sodii  Clilora- 
diim. 

Cowhage.  See  Muciina. 

C’us'so.  (Br.  Ph.)  Kousso,  or  Koosso. 
The  flowers  of  Braye'ra  anthelmin'tica. 
(A  remedy  for  the  tapeworm.) 

Female  Fern.  See  Asplcnium  Fi- 
lix Foemiiia. 

Fern  Root.  See  Filix. 

Fi'lix.  (Br.  Ph.)  Fern  Root.  The 
dried  rhizome  of  Aspid'ium  Fi'lix  Mas. 
See  next  article. 

Fi'lix  Mas.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Male  Fern. 
The  rhizoma  of  Aspid'ium  Fi'lix  J fas. 
German  Chamomile.  See  Matricaria. 
Grana'ti  Radi'cis  Cor'tex.  (.U.S. 
Ph.)  Bark  of  Pomegranate  Root.  The 
bark  of  the  root  of  Pu'nica  gratia' turn. 

Grana'ti  Ra  dix.  (Br.  Ph.)  Pome- 
granate Root.  The  same  as  Graiiati 
Radicis  Cortex. 

Helleb' orus  Foct'idus.  IJear’s-foot. 
Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridiini  Mi'te. 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury, 
or  Calomel.  See  Class  XXI. 

? Hydrar'gyri  Sulphure'tum  Ru'brum . 
(U.S.  Ph.)  Cinnabar.  Sec  Class  XXI. 

Kame'la.  (Br.  Ph.)  The  powder  of 
the  capsules  of  Rottle'ra  tincto'ria . The 
same  as  Rottlcra. 

Koosso,  or  Kousso.  See  Cusso. 
Liquor  Ba'rii  Chlo'ridi.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chloride  of  Barium. 
Male  Fern.  See  Filix  Mas. 
Matrica'ria.  (U.S.  Ph.)  German 
Chamomile.  The  flowers  of  Matrica'ria 
chain  omil'  la. 

Mc'lia  Azed' arach.  Sec  Azedaracli. 
Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri  Cliloridtim  Mite. 

Mucu'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Cowhage.  The 
hairs  of  the  pods  of  Mucii  na  pru' Hens. 

Pe'po.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pumpkin  Seed. 
(A  remedy  for  the  tapeworm.) 

Pinkroot.  See  Spigelia. 


Powder  of  Tin.  See  Stanni  Pul- 
vis. 

Pride  of  China,  or  Pride  of  India.  Sea 

Azedaracli. 

? Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury.  See  Hy- 
drargyri  SiilpSiurctiim  Riibriun. 

Rottle'ra.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Kamela,  or 
Kameela.  The  powder  and  hairs  obtained 
from  the  capsules  of  Rottle'ra  tincto'ria. 
(A  remedy  for  the  tapeworm.) 

Rottle'ra  Tincto'ria.  See  Rottlera, 
and  Kamela. 

Sabadil'la.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ceva- 
dilla.  See  Class  IX. 

Salt.  See  Sodii  Chloridum. 

Santon'ica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  The 
unexpanded  flowers  and  peduncles  of 
Artemis' ia  con'tra  and  of  oeher  species 
of  Artemisia  (U.S.  Ph.).  The  unex- 
panded flower-heads  of  an  undetermined 
species  of  Artemisia  (Br.  Ph.). 

Saiitoni'iium.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Santonin.  A crystalline  neutral  princi- 
ple obtained  from  Santon'ica. 

Sodii  Clilo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt.  See  Class  II.,  Section  V. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Barium.  See 
Liquor  Barii  Fliloridi. 

Spige'lia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Pinkroot.  The 
root  of  Spige'lia  Martian' dica. 

Stan'ni  Pul' vis.  Powder  of  Tin. 

Tanace'tum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Tansy. 
The  herb  of  Tanace'tum  vnlga're . 

Tansy.  See  Tanacetum. 

Terebinth iua.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Turpem 
tine.  The  concrete  juice  of  Pi'nns  ]ia- 
lus'tris  and  other  species  of  Pinus . See 
Class  X. 

Turpentine.  See  Tcrebintliina. 

Vera.' trum  Sabadil'la.  SeeSabadilla. 

Verno'nia  Anthelmin’tica.  An  East 
Indian  plant.  (Also  extolled  as  a bitter 
tonic.) 

Wormseed.  See  Cheuopodium. 


CLASS  XXIV. 

DISINFECTANTS,  AND  ANTISEPTICS .* 

SUBSTANCES  WHICH  POSSESS  THE  POWER  OF  DESTROYING  MORBIFIC  VIRUS  OR  MIASM. 
AND  OF  CORRECTING  A TENDENCY  TO  PUTRESCENCE. 

A^'idtim  Hydroehlo'ricum.  (Br.  j A$'idum  Muriat'icum.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Ph.)  Hydrochloric  Acid.  The  same  as  Muriatic  Acid.  (Antiseptic.)  See  Classes 

Aciduan  Muriaticum.  1 II.  and  VI. 


* With  a few  exceptions,  substances  that  are  antiseptic  may  be  used  as  disinfectants  also: 
those  not  so  used  are  noted  in  the  list.  (See  Sodii  Cliloriiluaii,  etc.) 


651 


DISINFECTANTS,  AND  ANTISEPTICS. 


As'idnm Mi'tricuni.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Nitric  Acid.  (Antiseptic.)  See 
Class  II.,  Section  V. 

Aq'idtun  Nitrohydrochlo'ricum.  The 
same  as  Acidum  Nitramuriati- 

CU1X1. 

A^'idami  Nltromuriat'icnm. 

(U.S.  Ph.)  Nitromuriatic  Acid.  See 
Class  XXI. 

A^'idmn  Sulpbu'ricum.  ( U.S.  and 
Br.  Ph.)  Sulphuric  Acid.  (Antiseptic.) 
See  Class  II.,  Section  V. 

Ac'idum  SulpBiuro'sum.  (Br.  Ph.) 
Sulphurous  Acid.  See  Class  XXI. 

• AE  llier.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ether, 
or  Sulphuric  Ether.  See  Class  V. 

Alcohol.  (U.S.  Ph.)  (Antiseptic.) 
Aln'minse  Sul'phas.  Sulphate  of  Alu- 
mina. (Antiseptic.) 

A 'qua  Flilorin'ii.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Chlo- 
rine Water,  or  Solution  of  Chlorine. 
ISroiuin'iuin.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Bromine. 
Cal' cis  Surplus.  Sulphite  of  Lime. 
Calx.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Lime.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

Calx  Clilora'ta.  (Br.  Ph.)  Chlori- 
nated Lime.  See  next  article. 

Calx  Clilorixia'ta.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Chlo- 
rinated Lime. 

Car'bo  Lig'ni.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Charcoal. 

Carbolic  Acid.  See  Phcnic  Acid. 
Charcoal.  See  Carbo  Ugui. 
Chloride  of  Lime.  See  Calx  CEalo- 
r in  at  a. 

Chloride  of  Sodium.  See  ^odii  Cfrlo- 
r i«l u 111. 

Chlo'ri  Fi'quor.  (Br.  Ph.)  Solu- 
tion of  Chlorine. 

Chlorinated  Lime.  See  Calx  CI1I0- 
rinata. 

Chlorine.  See  ChloriniuBii. 

Chlorine  Water.  See  Aqua  Clalo- 
rixila. 

adorin' ii  Li'quor.  See  Aqua  Cblo- 
rinii. 

Chlorin'  him.  Chlorine. 

Common  Salt.  See  Sodii  Clilori- 
d u m. 

Copperas.  See  Ferrt  Sulphas. 
Creasote.  See  Creasotum. 
(Veaso'tum.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Creasote.  See  Class  V. 

Ether.  See  Aether. 

Fer'ri  Sulphas.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 

6a2 


I Sulphate  of  Iron.  See  Class  I.,  Section 

II. 

Cllyccri'na.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Glycerin. 
(Antiseptic.)  See  Class  XIX. 

Labarraque’s  Disinfecting  Liquid.  The 
same  as  Liquor  Soda?  (hlorlnatse. 

Ledoyen's  Disinfecting  Fluid.  A solu- 
tion of  Nitrate  of  Lead,  in  the  proportion 
of  a drachm  of  the  salt  to  an  ounce  of 
water. 

Li'quor  So'dse.  Chlorci’tee.  See  Sodse 
Cbloratse  Liquor. 

Li'quor  So 'da?  CSilorina'ta?.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chlorinated  Soda. 

Nitrate  of  Lead.  See  Plumb!  Nitras. 

Nitre,  or  Nitrate  of  Potash.  See  Po- 
tassa?  Nairas. 

Nitromuriatic  Acid.  See  Acidum 
NI  t room  rials eu  in. 

Phen'ic  Acid,  otherwise  called  Carbolic 
Acid.  A substance  obtained  by  distil- 
lation from  the  oily  portion  of  coal  tar, 
and  resembling  creasote  in  its  chemical 
relations  and  physical  properties. 

Plum'bi  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Nitrate 
of  Lead. 

Potas'sse  Ni'tras.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Nitrate  of  Potash,  or  Nitre.  Chiefly  em- 
ployed as  an  antiseptic. 

Potas'ste  Perinaii'gaiias.  (U.S. 
Ph.)  Permanganate  of  Potash.  See 
Class  XVIII. 

? Sae'eharum.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sugar. 
(Antiseptic.) 

Salt.  See  Sodii  CTiloridum. 

Soda?  Chlora'tse  Li'quor.  (Br. 
Ph.)  Solution  of  Chlorinated  Soda.  The 
same  as  Liquor  Soda*  Ftiloriciatae. 

? So'd;e  Sul  phis.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Sul- 
phite of  Soda. 

So'dii  Fhlo'ridum.  (U.S.  and  Br. 
Ph.)  Chloride  of  Sodium,  or  Common 
Salt.  (Antiseptic.)  See  Class  I.,  Section 
II. 

Solution  of  Chlorinated  Soda.  See 

Liquor  Soda?  Chlorinata*. 

Solution  of  Chlorine.  See  Aqua 
Chloriuii. 

Sugar.  See  Saccliarum.  (Anti- 
septic.) 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  See  Ferri  Sul- 
plias. 

Sulphite  of  Lime.  See  Calcis  Sul- 
phis. 

Sulphuric  Ether.  See  JEther. 


EXCITO-MOTOR  STIMULANTS. 


CLASS  XXY. 

EXCITO-MOTOR  STIMULANTS. 

SUBSTANCES  WHTCH  POSSESS  THE  POWER  OF  EXCITING,  THROUGH  THE  SPINAL  MAR- 
ROW AND  MOTOR  NERVES,  CONTRACTION  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  BODY.* 


Bean  of  St.  Ignatius.  See  Ignatia. 
Borax.  See  Soda?  Boras. 

Bru'cia.  An  alkaloid  obtained  from 
nux  vomica  and  the  bean  of  St.  Ignatius. 
Ergot.  See  Ergot  a. 

Ergo'ta.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.)  Ergot. 
The  diseased  seed  of  Seca'le  cerea'le 
(U.S.  Ph.).  Secale  cereale:  the  grain 
diseased  by  the  presence  of  an  imperfect 
fungus  (Br.  Ph.).  (Uterine.) 

Extrac'tnm  Can  nabis.  (U.S.  Ph.) 
Extract  of  Hemp.  (Uterine.)  SeeClassV. 

Extrac'tnm  Can'll  aids  In'dicre. 
(Br.  Ph.)  Extract  of  Indian  Hemp.  The 
same  as  Extractuin  Cannabis. 

Fa' la  Sanc'ti  Tgna'tii.  See  Ignat  ia. 
Gossy'pii  Ita'dix.  (Uterine.)  See 
Class  XIII. 


Igna'tia.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Bean  of  St. 
Ignatius.  The  seed  of  Strych’nos  Ig- 
na'tia. 

Nitrous  Oxide.  See  Oxidum  Nitro- 
snin. 

Nux  Vom  ica.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 

The  seed  of  Strycli'nos  mix  vom'ica. 

? Oc'idum  Nitro’sum.  Nitrous  Oxide 
(Gas).  See  Class  V. 

Seca'le  Cerea'le.  See  Ergota. 

So'dse  Bo'ras.  (U.S.  Ph.)  Borate 
of  Soda,  or  Borax.  (Uterine.)  See  Class 
VI.  and  X. 

Strych'nia.  (U.S.  and  Br.  Ph.) 
Strychnine.  An  alkaloid  in  the  form  of 
a white  or  grayish-white  powder,  of  an 
intensely  bitter  taste,  obtained  from 
Strycli'nos  nux  vom'ica. 


* Several  of  these  substances  have  a special  direction  to  the  uterus,  and  are  marked  uterine. 


653 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA, 


4e5J=*  In  the  following  Index,  a single  number  placed  after  the  name  denotes  the  class  to  which  the  article  be* 
longs:  as,  ‘ Acacia,  1:1,”  “Alcohol,  5;”  when  two  numbers  occur,  separated  by  a comma,  the  tirst  refers  to  the 
class,  the  second  to  the  section:  as,  “Acetate  of  Magnesia,  9,  2 but  if  the  numbers  are  joined  by  an  “and,  • 
different  classes  are  referred  to:  thus,  “Adansonia  Digitata,  2,3  and  11,3,”  implies  that  this  belongs  to  the 
second  class,  third  se  tion,  and  also  to  the  eleventh  class,  third  section.  For  the  sake  of  brevity,  Arabic  numerals 
are  employed  in  the  Index  instead  of  the  Roman  which  occur  in  the  Table. 


Aries  Balsamea,  10. 

Abies  Canadensis,  17. 

Abies  Excelsa,  17. 

Absinthium,  2,  2. 

Acacia,  19. 

Acacia  Catechu,  1,1. 

Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Solution 
of,  11,  2. 

Acetate  of  Lead,  1,  2. 

Acetate  of  Magnesia,  9,  2. 
Acetate  of  Morphia,  5. 

Acetate  of  Potassa,  9,  2. 
Acetate  of  Zinc,  1,  2. 

Acetum  Cantharidis,  16. 
Acetum  Colchici,  10. 

Acetum  Opii,  5. 

Acetum  Scillae,  12,  8. 

Achillea  Millefolium,  13. 
Acidum  Aceticum,  6. 

Acidum  Aceticum  Camphora- 
tum,  5. 

Acidum  Aceticum  Glaciale,  16. 
Acidum  Arseniosum,  18  and  21. 
Acidum  Citricum,  6. 

Acidum  Gallicum,  1, 1. 
Acidum  Hydriodicum,  21. 
Acidum  Hydrochloricum,  2,  5. 
Acidum  Hydrocyanicum  Dilu- 
tum,  7. 

Acidum  Muriaticum,  6 & 2,  5. 
Acidum  Nitricum,  2, 5;  and  24. 
Acidum  Nitricum  Dilutum,2, 5. 
Acidum  Nitro-hydrochlori- 
cum,  21  and  24. 

Acidum  Nitromuriaticum,  2, 
5 ; and  21  and  24. 

Acidum  Phosphoric um  Dilu- 
tum,  2,  5. 

Acidum  Sulphuricum,  2,  5; 
and  24. 

Acidum  Sulphuricum  Aroma- 
ticum,  1,  2;  and  2,  5. 
Acidum  Sulphurosum,  21  & 24. 
Acidum  Tannicum,  1, 1. 
Acidum  Tartaricum,  6. 
Aconite,  7. 

Aconite  Root,  7. 

Aconiti  Folium,  7. 

Aconiti  Radix,  7. 

Aconitia,  7. 

Aconitum,  7. 

Acorus  Calamus,  2,  4. 

Acrid  Lettuce,  5. 

Adansonia  Digitata,  2,  3 ; and 
11,3. 

Adder’s  Tongue,  8. 

Adeps,  20. 

Adeps  Praeparatus,  20. 
jEsculus  Hippocastanum,  2,  3. 
.Ether,  4. 

.Ether  Hydriodicus,  21. 
Agathotes  Chirayta,  2, 1. 
Agave  Americana,  13. 

Alcohol,  5. 


Aletris,  2,  1. 

Allium,  12  and  4. 

Allium  Cepa,  12. 

Aloe  Barbadensis,  9, 1. 

Aloe  Capensis,  9,  1. 

Aloe  Hepatica,  9,  1. 

Aloe  Socotrina,  9, 1. 

Aloe  Vulgaris,  9,  1. 

Aloes,  9,  1 ; and  13. 

Alpinia  Cardamomum,  2,  4. 
Althaea,  19. 

Alum,  1,  2. 

Alum  Root,  1, 1. 

Alumen,  1,  2. 

Alumen  Exsiccatum,  18. 
Aluminae  Sulphas,  24. 
American  Aloe,  13. 

American  Centaury,  2, 1. 
American  Col  umbo,  2,  1. 
American  Dittany,  11,  3. 
American  Hellebore,  8. 
American  Senna,  9, 1. 
Ammonia,  22. 

Ammoniac,  12. 

Ammoniacum,  12. 

Ammoniae  Aqua,  22. 
Ammoniae  Arsenias,  21. 
Ammoniae  Ben/.oas,  10. 
Ammoniae  Carbonas,  3. 
Ammoniae  Hydrochloras,  4. 
Ammoniae  Hydrosulphure- 
tum,  6. 

Ammoniae  Liquor,  22. 
Ammoniae  Liquor  Fortior,  17. 
Ammoniae  Phosplias,  21. 
Ammoniated  Copper,  2,  5. 
Ammonii  Iodidum,  21. 
Amygdala,  19. 

Amygdala  Dulcis,  19. 

Amylum,  19. 

Amyris  Myrrlia,  2,  2. 
Anacardium  Occidentale,  18. 
Anacyclus  Py rethrum,  14. 
Anethum,  2,  4. 

Angelica,  2,  4. 

Angelica  Atropurpurea,  2,  4. 
Angustura,  2,  3. 

Anisum,  2,  4. 

Anthemis,  2,  2. 

Anthemis  Cotula,  2,  2. 
Antimoniae  et  Potassae  Tartras, 
8. 

Antimonial  Powder,  11, 1. 
Antimonial  Wine,  8 and  11. 
Antimonii  Oxidum,  8. 
Antimonii  Sulphuretum,  8. 
Antimonii  Terchloridi  Liquor, 
18. 

Antimonium  Sulpliuratum,ll, 

1. 

Antimonium  Tartaratum,  8. 
Apocynum  Androsaemifolium, 
8. 

Apocynum  Cannabinum,  8. 


Aqua  Acidi  Carbonici,  11,  2. 
Aqua  Ammoniae,  22. 

Aqua  Ammonite  Fortior,  16. 
Aqua  Calcis,  1,2;  and  22. 
Aqua  Chlorinii,  24. 

Aqua  Fortis,  2,  5. 

Arbutus  Uva  Ursi,  1,  1. 
Arctostaphylos  Uva  Ursi,  1, 1. 
Argenti  Nitras,  18  and  16. 
Argenti  Nitras  Fusa,  16. 
Argenti  Oxidum,  4. 
Aristolochia  Serpen taria,  2,  3. 
Armoracia,  10  and  15. 

Arnica,  4. 

Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia,  4. 
Aromatic  Sulphuric  Acid,  1,  2. 
Arrow-Root,  19. 

Arseniate  of  Ammonia,  21. 
Arseniate  of  Iron,  21. 

Arsenici  Iodidum,  21. 
Arsenious  Acid,  21. 

Artanthe  Elongata,  2,  4. 
Artemisia  Absinthium,  2,  2. 
Artichoke,  10. 

Arum.  12. 

Asagrtea  Officinalis,  9, 1. 
Asarabacca,  15. 

Asarum,  2,  4. 

Asarum  Europaeum,  15. 
Asclepias  Curassavica,  23. 
Asclepias  Incarnata,  8. 
Asclepias  Syriaca,  12. 
Asclepias  Tuberosa,  11,  3. 
Asparagus  Officinalis,  10. 
Aspidium  Filix  Mas,  23. 
Asplenium  (or  Aspidium)  Filix 
Foemina,  23. 

Assafetida,  or  Assafcetida,  4. 
Astragalus  Verus,  19. 

Atropa  Belladonna,  5. 

Atropia,  5. 

Aurantii  Cortex,  2,  4. 

Avenae  Farina,  19. 

Azedarach,  9, 1 ; and  23. 

Balm,  2,  4. 

Balsam  of  Peru,  12. 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  12. 
Balsamodendron  Myrrha,  2,  2. 
Balsamum  Peruvianuin,  12. 
Balsamum  Tolutanum,  12. 
Baneberry,  9,  1. 

Baobab,  2,  3;  and  11,  3. 
Barbadoes  Aloes,  9. 

Barbadoes  Nut,  9,  1. 

Barberry,  1, 1;  and  6. 

Barley,  19. 

Barosma  Crenata,  10. 

Bastard  Ipecacuanha,  23. 

Bean  of  St.  Ignacius,  2,  5. 
Bearberry,  1,  1. 

Bear’s-foot,  23. 

Bebeeru  Bark,  2,  2. 

Beberiae  Sulphas,  2,  2. 

Bela,  1, 1. 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA. 


Belladonna,  5. 

Belladonnas  Folium,  5. 
Belladonnae  Radix,  5. 

Benne  Leaves,  19. 

Benzoin,  12. 

Benzoin  uni,  12. 

Berberis  Vulgaris,  1, 1 ; and  6. 
Biborate  of  Soda,  6 and  10. 
Bicarbonate  of  Potassa,  22. 
Bicarbonate  of  Soda,  22. 
Bichloride  of  Mercury,  18  & 21. 
Bichromate  of  Lead,  8. 
Bichromate  of  Potassa,  8. 
Bismuthi  Subnitras,  2,  5. 
Bisinuthum  Album,  2,  5. 
Bistort,  1,  1. 

Bisulphate  of  Potassa,  2,  5. 
Bisulpliurate  of  Carbon,  11,  3. 
Bi tartrate  of  Potassa,  6. 
Bittersweet,  5. 

Black  Alder,  1,  1. 
Blackberry-Root,  1,  1. 

Black  Drop,  5. 

Black-Oak  Bark,  1,  1. 

Black  Oxide  of  Mercury,  14 
and  22. 

Black  Pepper,  2,  4. 

Black  Snakeroot,  2,  2. 

Black  Sulphuret  of  Mercury, 21. 
Bladder- Wrack,  21. 
Blood-Root,  8. 

Blood  Weed,  23. 

Blue  Flag,  9,  1. 

Blue  Gentian,  2, 1. 

Blue  Vitriol,  18;  1,  2;  and  2,  5. 
Blunt-leaved  Dock,  1,  1. 
Boneset,  2,  3. 

Borate  of  Soda,  6 and  10. 
Borax,  6,  10,  and  25. 

Brandy,  5. 

Bromide  of  Iron,  21. 

Bromide  of  Mercury,  21. 
Bromide  of  Potassium,  21. 
Bromine  (Brominium),  21. 
Brominii  Cliloridum,  21. 
Broom,  10. 

Brucia,  25. 

Bryony,  or  Bryonia,  9, 1. 
Buchu,  10. 

Buck-Bean,  2,  2. 

Bugle-Weed,  5. 

Burdock,  9,  1. 

Burgundy  Pitch,  17. 
Butterfly-Weed,  11,  3. 
Butternut,  9,  1. 

Button  Snakeroot,  11. 

Cadmii  Iodidum,  21. 

Caffea,  4. 

Cahinca,  or  Cainca,  10. 
Calamine,  2,  5. 

Calamus,  2,  4;  and  14. 
Calcined  Magnesia,  9,  2. 

Calcis  Sulphis,  24. 

Calomel,  21 ; and  9,  2. 
Calomelas,  21 ; and  9,  2. 
Calotropis  Gigantea,  11,  3. 
Calumba,  2,  1. 

Calx,  18. 

Calx  Chlorinata  or  Chlorata, 
1,  2. 

Cambogia,  9,  1. 

Camphora,  4. 

Camphorated  Acetic  Acid,  5. 
Canada  Fleabane,  10;  and  1, 1. 
Canada  Pitch,  17. 


Canada  Snakeroot,  2,  4. 

Canada  Turpentine,  10. 
Canella,  2,  4. 

Canella  Alba,  2,  4. 

Canna,  19. 

Cannabis  Indica,  5. 
Cantharide9,  16. 

Cantliaris,  16. 

Cantharis  Vittata,  16. 

Capparis  Spinosa,  or  Caper 
Bush,  10. 

Capsicum,  3. 

Caraway,  2,  4. 

Carbolic  Acid,  24. 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia,  3. 
Carbonate  of  Lead,  1,  2. 
Carbonate  of  Litliia,  22. 
Carbonate  of  Magnesia,  9,  2. 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  22. 
Carbonate  of  Soda,  22. 
Carbonate  of  Zinc,  2,  5. 
Carbonic  Acid  Water,  11,  2. 
Carburet  of  Iron,  21. 
Cardamom,  2,  4. 

Cardamomum,  2,  4. 

Carota,  10. 

Carrageen,  19. 

Cartliamus,  11,  3. 

Carui,  2,  4. 

Carum,  2,  4. 

Caryophyllum,  2,  4. 
Caryopliyllus,  2,  4. 

Cascarilla,  2,  3. 

Cashew-Nut,  18. 

Cassia,  9,  1. 

Cassia  Acuti folia,  9,  1. 

Cassia  Elongata,  9,  L 
Cassia  Fistula,  9,  1. 

Castanea  Pumila,  1, 1. 

Castor,  4. 

Castoreum,  4. 

Cataria,  4. 

Catechu,  1, 1. 

Catnep,  4. 

Caustic  Potassa,  18. 

Caustic  Soda,  18. 

Cayenne  Pepper,  3. 

Celandine,  9,  1. 

Cephaelis  Ipecacuanha,  8. 
Cerate  of  Lard,  20. 

Cerate  of  Spanish  Flies,  16. 
Cerate  of  Spermaceti,  20. 
Cerate  of  Subacetate  of  Lead, 
1,  2. 

Ceratum  Adipis,  20. 

Ceratum  Cantharidis,  16. 
Ceratum  Cetacei,  20. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Subacetatis, 
20;  and  1,  2. 

Ceratum  Saponis,  20. 

Ceratum  Simplex,  20. 
Cetaceum,  20  and  19. 

Cetraria,  19. 

Cevadilla,  9, 1. 

Chalk,  22. 

Chalk,  Prepared,  22. 
Chamomile,  2,  2. 

Chelidonium  Majus,  9, 1. 
Chenopodium,  23. 

Cherry  Laurel,  4. 

Chimaphila,  10. 

Chinquapin,  1, 1. 

Chirayta,  or  Chirata,  2, 1. 
Chiretta,  2,  1. 

Chlorate  of  Potassa,  6. 


Chloride  of  Bromine,  21. 
Chloride  of  Iron,  13. 

Chloride  of  Magnesium,  9,  2. 
Chloride  of  Sodium,  2,  3. 
Chloride  of  Zinc,  18. 

Chlori  Liquor,  24. 

Chlorinated  Lime,  24. 

Chlorine  Water,  24. 

Chlorinii  Liquor,  24. 
Chloroform,  5. 

Chlorofonnum,  5. 
Chloroformum  Venale,  5. 
Cliondrus,  19. 

Chrysopliyllum  Clycyphloe- 
um,  21. 

Cimicifuga,  2,  2. 

Cinchona,  2,  3. 

Cinnabar,  14,  21. 
Cinnatnomum,  2,  4. 
Cinnamomum  Zeylanicum,2,4. 
Cinnamon,  2,  4. 

Cissampelos  Pareira,  10. 
Citrate  of  Iron,  2,  5. 

Citrate  of  Potassa,  6 & 11;  2. 
Citrate  of  Soda,  9,  2. 

Citric  Acid,  6. 

Citrullus  Colocynthis,  9,  1. 
Citrus  Aurantium,  2,  4. 
Clematis,  10. 

Cloves,  2,  4. 

Cocculus  Palmatus,  2,1. 
Coclilearia  Armoracia,  10  & 15. 
Cochlearia  Officinalis,  10. 
Cod-liver  Oil,  2, 2. 

Coffee,  4. 

Colchici  Cormus,  21. 

Colchici  Radix,  21. 

Colchici  Semen,  21. 

Colomba,  2,  1. 

Comfrey,  19. 

Common  Caustic,  18. 

Common  Mallow,  19. 

Common  Salt,  2.  3;  and  2,  5. 
Compound  Spirit  of  iEther,  4 
Conii  Fructus,  5. 

Conium,  5. 

Convallaria  Majalis,  15. 
Convolvulus  Panduratus,  9,  1. 
Convolvulus  Scammonia,  9,  1. 
Copaiba,  10. 

Copaifera  Multijuga,  10. 
Copperas,  1,  2 ; and  24. 

Coptis,  2,  1. 

Coriander,  2,  4. 

Coriandrum,  2,  4. 

Cornus  Circinata,  2,  3. 

Cornus  Florida,  2,  3. 

Cornus  Sericea,  2,  3. 

Corrosive  Sublimate,  18  and  2L 
Corydalis  Formosa,  10. 

Cotton  Root,  13  and  25. 
Cotula,  2,  2. 

Cowhage,  23. 

Cranesbill,  1, 1. 

Cream  of  Tartar,  6. 

Creasote,  5. 

Creasotum,  5. 

Creta,  22. 

Creta  Praeparata,  22. 

Crocus,  4 ; and  11,  3. 

Croton  Eleuteria,  2,  3. 

Croton  Oil,  9,  1. 

Croton  Tiglium,  9,  1. 

Crotonis  Oleum,  9, 1. 
Crowfoot,  16. 


655 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA. 


Crystals  ol  Tartar,  9,  2. 
Cubeba,  10  and  2,  4. 

Cubebs,  10  and  2,  4. 

Cucumis  Colocynthis,  9, 1. 
Cunila  Mariana,  11,  3. 

Cupri  Subacetas,  18. 

Cupri  Sulphas, 18;  1,2;  &2,5. 
Cuprum  Ammoniatum,  2,  5. 
Curcas  Purgaus,  9, 1. 
Curcuma,  2,  4. 

Cusparia,  2,  3. 

Cusso,  23. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium,  7. 
Cycas  Circinalis,  19 
Cydonia  Vulgaris,  19. 
Cydonium,  19. 

Cynara  Scolymus,  10. 

Cytisus  Scoparius,  10. 

Daphne  Gnidium,  16. 

Daphne  Mezereum,  16. 

Datura  Stramonium,  5. 

Dauci  Radix,  10. 

Delphinium  Consolida,  10. 
Delphinium  Staphisagria,  8. 
Dewberry  Root,  1, 1. 

Dextrin,  or  Dextrina,  19. 
Digitalinum,  7. 

Digitalis,  7 and  10. 

Dill  Seed,  2,  4. 

Diospyros,  1,1. 

Dirca  Palustris,  16 
Dittany  (American),  11,  3. 
Dock,  Yellow,  2,  2. 

Dogwood,  2,  3. 

Dorema  Ammoniacum,  12. 
Dorstenia  'Con  tray  erva,  11,  3. 
Dracontium,  4. 

Dragon-Root,  12. 

Dried  Carbonate  of  Soda,  22. 
Drimys  Winteri,  2,  4. 
Dulcamara,  5. 

Dyer’s  Saffron,  11,  3. 
Elaterium,  9, 1. 

Elder,  9,  1;  and  11,  3. 
Elecampane,  2,  2. 

Elemi,  17. 

Elettaria  Cardamomum,  2,  4. 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  1,  2. 

Elm  Bark,  19. 

Emplastrum  Picis  cum  Can- 
tharide,  16. 

Epsom  Salts,  9,  2. 

Ergot,  25. 

Ergota,  25. 

Erigeron,  10;  and  1, 1. 
Erigeron  Canadense,  10;  &1,1. 
Erigeron  Ileterophyllum,  10; 
and  1, 1. 

Eryngium  Aquaticum,  11. 
Erythrtea  Centaurium,  2, 1. 
Erytlironiuin  Americanum,  8. 
Ether  (iEther),  5 and  24. 
Eugenia  Caryophyllata,  2,  4. 
Euouymus  Atropurpureus,9, 1. 
Eupatorium,  2,  3. 

Euphorbia  Corollata,  8. 
Euphorbia  Ipecacuanha,  8. 
Eupliorbium,  16. 

Exogonium  Purga,  9, 1. 
Extract  of  Butternut,  9,  1. 
Extractum  Cannabis,  5. 
Extractum  Cannabis  Tndicai,  5. 
Extractum  Glycyrrhizae,  19. 
Extractum  Juglandis,  9,  1. 
Faba  Sancti  Ignatii,  25. 

656 


False  Sunflower,  15. 

Female  Fern,  23. 

Fennel-Seed,  2,  4. 

Fern  Root,  23. 

Ferri  Ammonio-citras,  2,  5. 
Ferri  Arsenias,  21. 

Ferri  Bromidum,  21. 

Ferri  Carbonas  Saccharata,  2, 5. 
Ferri  Carburetum,  21. 

Ferri  Chloridum,  13. 

Ferri  Citras,  2,  5. 

Ferri  et  Ammonia?  Citras,  2,  5. 
Ferri  et  Ammonia1  Tartras,  2, 5. 
Ferri  et  Potassa?  Tartras,  2,  5. 
Ferri  et  Quinia?  Citras,  2,  5. 
Ferri  Ferrocyanidum,  2,  5. 
Ferri  Iodidum,  2,  5 and  13. 
Ferri  Lactas,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Oxidum  Hydra  turn,  22. 
Ferri  Oxidum  Magneticum,2, 5. 
Ferri  Perchloridi  Liquor,  2,  5. 
Ferri  Pernitratis  Liquor,  2,  5. 
Ferri  Peroxidum,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Peroxidum  Hydratum,22 
Ferri  Pliosphas,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Ramenta,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Rubigo,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Subcarbonas,  2,  5. 

Ferri  Sulphas,  1,  2 and  24. 
Ferri  Sulphas  Granulata,  2,  5. 
Ferrocyanide  of  Potassium,  6. 
Ferrocyanuret  of  li  on,  2,  5. 
Ferrum  Ammoniatum,  2,  5. 
Femim  Redact um,  2, 5. 
Ferrum  Tartaratum,  2,  5. 
Ferula  Assafoetida,  4. 
Fever-Root,  9, 1. 

Ficus,  9,  1. 

Fig,  9,  1. 

Filix,  23. 

Filix  Mas,  23. 

Flaxseed,  19. 

Flaxseed  Oil,  20. 

Fleabaue,  10. 

Florentine  Orris,  9, 1. 
Foenieulum,  2,  4. 

Foxglove,  7 and  10. 

Frasera,  2, 1. 

Fraxinus  Ornus,  9,  1. 
Frostwort,  1,  1. 

Fucus  Yesiculosus,  21. 

Fused  Nitrate  of  Silver,  10. 

G ALBAN  um,  12. 

Galipea  Officinalis,  2,  3. 

Gal  la,  1,  1. 

Gallic  Acid,  1, 1. 

Galls,  1, 1. 

Gamboge,  9, 1. 

Gambogia,  9, 1. 

Garden  Artichoke,  10. 

Garden  Carrot,  10. 

Garlic,  12  and  4. 

Gaultheria,  2,  4. 

Geneva,  10. 

Gentian,  2, 1. 

Gentiana,  2,  1. 

Gentiana  Catesbaei,  2, 1. 
Geranium,  1,  1. 

German  Chamomile,  2,  2. 
Geum,  1, 1. 

Gin,  10. 

Ginger,  2,  4. 

Ginseng,  2,  4. 

Glacial  Acetic  Acid,  16. 
Glauber’s  Salts,  9,  2. 


Glycerin,  19. 

Glycerina,  19. 

Glycerinum,  19. 

Glycyrrhiza,  19. 

Golden  Rod,  2,  4. 

Goldthread,  2,  1. 

Gossypii  Radix,  13. 

Gossypium  Herbaceum,  13. 
Granati  Frnctus  Cortex,  1,  L 
Granati  Radicis  Cortex,  23. 
Granati  Radix,  23. 

Green  Iodide  of  Mercury,  21. 
Guaiac,  11,  3. 

Guaiaci  Lignum,  11,  3. 

Guaiaci  Resina,  11,  3. 
Guaiac.um  Officinale,  11,  3. 
Gum  Arabic,  19. 
II.EMAT0XYL0X,  1, 1. 

Hardback,  1,  1. 

Iledeoma,  2,  4. 

Ilelenium  Autumnale,  15. 
Helianthemum,  1, 1. 
Helleborus,  9,  1. 

Helleborus  Foetidus,  23;  & 9, 1. 
Helleborus  Niger,  9,  1. 
Ilemidesmus,  2,  2;  and  21. 
Hemlock,  5. 

Hemlock  Pitch,  17. 

Hopatica,  2,  2. 

Ileracleum  Lanatum,  2,  2. 
Heuchera,  1, 1. 

Hoffmann's  Anodyne  (Spiritus 
iEtlieris  Compositus),  4. 
Honey,  9, 1. 

Hops,  2,  2 ; and  5. 

Ilordeum,  19. 

Ilorehound,  2,  2. 
Horsechesnut,  2,  3. 

Ilorsemint,  2,  4. 

Horseradish,  10. 

Hum  ulus,  2,  2;  and  5. 
Hydrargyri  Bromidum,  21. 
Hydrargyri  Chloridum  Corro- 
sivuin,  18  and  21. 

Ilydrarg.  Chlorid.  Mite,  21  & 9. 
Ilydrarg.  Iodidum  Rubrum,21. 
Hydrargyri  Iodidum Viride,  21. 
Hydrargyri  Nitras.  21. 

Hydrar  Oxid.  Nigrum,  14  & 22. 
llydrar.  Pernitratis  Liquor,  18. 
Ilydrarg.  Sulphas  Flava,  21  & 8. 
Hydrargyri  Sulphuretum  Ni- 
grum, 21. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphuretum  Ru- 
brum,  14  and  21. 
Hydrargyrum,  22. 
Hydrargyrum  Corrosivum 
Suhlinnvtum,  18. 
Hydrargyrum  cum  Creta,  21. 

1 lydrated  Oxide  of  lrou,  22. 
Hydriodic  Acid,  21. 

Ilydriodic  Ether,  21. 

I lydrosulphuret  of  Ammonia,^ 
Ilyoscyami  Folimn,  5. 
Ilyoscyami  Semen,  5. 
Hyoscvamus,  5. 

Iceland  Moss,  19. 

Ignatia,  25. 

Indian  Hemp,  5:  also,  10. 
Indian  Sarsaparilla, 2, 2;  & 2L 
Indian  Tobacco,  8. 

Indian  Turnip,  12. 

Inula,  2,  2. 

Iodide  of  Ammonium,  2L 
Iodide  of  Arsemc,  21. 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDIC*. 


Iodide  of  Cadmium,  21. 

Iodide  of  Iron,  2,  5;  and  13. 
Iodide  of  Sulphur,  21. 

Iodide  of  Zinc,  21. 

Iodine,  21. 
lodinium,  21. 

Iodum,  21. 

Ipecacuanha,  8. 

Ipomsea  Jalapa,  9, 1. 

Iris  Florentina,  9,  1. 

Iris  Versicolor,  9,  1. 

Irish  Moss,  19. 

Iron  Filings,  2,  5. 

Jalapa,  9, 1. 

Jalapa*  Resina,  9, 1. 

Janipha  Man i hot,  19. 

Jatropha  Manihot,  19. 
Jatropha  Purgans,  9, 1. 
Juglans,  9, 1. 

Juglans  Cinerea,  9, 1. 

J uniperus,  10. 

Juniperus  Sabina,  13. 
Juniperus  Virginiana,  13. 
Kameela,  or  Kamela,  23. 

Kino,  1, 1. 

Koosso,  or  Kousso,  23. 
Krameria,  1, 1. 

Labarraque’s  Disinfecting 
Liquid,  24. 

Lactate  of  Iron,  2,  5. 

Lactuca  Sativa,  5. 

Lactuca  Virosa,  5. 
Lactucarium,  5. 

Lappa,  9,  1. 

Larkspur,  10. 

Laurocerasus,  4. 

Laurus  Camphora,  5. 
Lavandula,  2,  4. 

Lavandula  Spica,  2,  4. 
Lavandula  Vera,  2,  4. 
Lavender,  2,  4. 

Leather-Wood,  16. 

Ledoyen’s  Disinfecting  Fluid, 
24. 

Leontodon  Taraxacum,  10. 
Leptandra,  9, 1. 

Leptandrin,  9, 1. 

Lichen  Islandicus,  19. 

Lily  of  the  Valley,  15. 

Lime,  18. 

Lime  Liniment,  20. 
Lime-Water,  1,  2;  and  22. 
Limonis  Cortex,  2,  4. 

Li  monis  Succus,  6. 

Lini  Farina,  20. 

Lini  Semen,  19. 

Liniment  of  Ammonia,  17. 
Liniment  of  Spanish  Flies,  16. 
Linimentum  Ammonia},  17. 
Linimeiitum  Calcis,  20. 
Linimentum  Cantharidis,  16. 
Linseed  Meal,  20. 

Linuin,  19. 

Lin um  Catharticum,  9, 1. 
Liquor  Ammonia},  22. 

Liq.  Ammonia}  Acetatis,  11, 2. 
Liq.  Ammoniae  Citratis,  11. 2. 
Liquor  Arsenici  Chloridi,  21. 
Liquor  Arsenici  et  Ilydrar- 
gyri  Iodidi,  21. 

Liquor  Barii  Chloridi,  23. 
Liquor  Calcii  Chloridi,  10. 
Liquor  Calcis,  1,  2;  and  22. 
Liq.  Ferri  Nitratis,  2,  5;  & 1, 2. 
Liquor  Magnesia}  Citratis,  9,  2. 
• 56 


Liq.  Pluinbi  Subacetatis,  1,  2. 
Liquor  Potassa},  22. 

Liquor  Potassa}  Arsenitis,  21. 
Liquor  Potassa}  Citratis,  11,  2. 
Liquor  Sodie,  18  and  22. 
Licpior  Soda*  Chloratae,  24. 
Liquor  Soda}  Chlorinata},  24. 
Liquorice,  19. 

Liquorice-Root,  19. 
Liriodendron,  2,  2. 

Litharge,  1,  2. 

Lithargyrum,  1,  2. 

Li  thin?  Carbonas,  22. 
Liverwort,  1,  1. 

Lobelia,  8. 

Logwood,  1, 1. 

Long  Pepper,  2,  4. 

Loose-strife,  1.9. 

Lunar  Caustic,  18  and  16. 
Lupulin,  2,  2. 

Lupulina,  2,  2. 

Lupulus,  2,  2. 

Lycopodium,  10. 

Lycopus,  1,  1. 

Lythrum  Salicaria?,  19. 

Macis,  2,  4. 

Madar,  11, 3. 

Magistery  of  Bismuth,  2,  5. 
Magnesia,  9,  2;  and  22. 
Magnesia)  Acetas,  9,  2. 
Magnesia)  Carbonas,  9,  2. 
Magnesia)  Chloridum,  9,  2. 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  2,  5. 
Magnolia,  2,  3. 

Mahogany  Tree,  2,  3. 

Male  Fern,  23. 

Mallow,  20. 

Malva  Sylvestris,  19. 
Manganesii  Oxidum,  2,  5. 
Manganesii  Oxid.  Nigrum,  21. 
Manganesii  Sulphas,  9,  2. 
Manna,  9,  1. 

Maranta,  19. 

Marjoram,  2,  4. 

Marrubium,  2,  2. 
Marshmallow,  19. 

Marsh  Rosemary,  1,  1. 

Marsh  Trefoil,  2,  2. 
Masterwort,  2,  2. 

Mastic,  10. 

Mastiche,  10. 

Matica,  2,  4. 

Matico,  2,  4. 

Matricaria,  2,  2 ; and  23. 
Mav-Apple,  9, 1. 

May- Weed,  2, 2. 

Meadow  Anemone,  21. 

Mel,  9, 1. 

Melia  Azedarach,  9, 1. 

Melissa,  2,  4. 

Mentha  Piperita,  2,  4. 

Mentha  Pulegium,  2,  4. 
Mentha  Viridis,  2,  4. 
Menyanthes  Trifoliata,  2,  2. 
Mercury  with  Chalk,  21. 
Mezereou,  16. 

Mezereum,  16. 

Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury,  21. 
Milfoil,  13. 

Milkweed,  8. 

Molasses,  9,  1. 

Momordiea  Elaterium,  9, 1. 
Monarda  Punctata,  2,  4. 
Monesia,  21. 

Mori  Succus,  6. 


Morphia,  5. 

Morphne  Acetas,  5. 

Morphine  Ilydrochloras,  5. 
Morphia)  Murias,  5. 

Morphine  Sulphas,  5. 

Moschus,  4. 

Mucuna,  23. 

Mudar,  11,  3. 

Mulberry- Juice,  6. 

Mustard,  17  and  8. 

Myristica,  2,  4. 

Myrospermum  Peruiferum,  12 
Myrospermum  Toluiferum.  12 
Myrrh,  2,  2. 

Myrrha,  2,  2. 

Myrtus  Pimenta,  2,  4. 
Naphthalin,  12. 

Narthex  Assaftetida,  12. 
Nectandra  Rodiei,  2,  3. 

N epeta  Cataria,  2,  4. 

Nieotiana  Tabacmn,  7 and  5. 
Nitrate  of  Lead,  24. 

Nitrate  of  Mercury,  21. 
Nitrate  of  Potassa,  6. 

Nitrate  of  Silver,  18. 

Nitre,  6. 

Nitric  Acid,  2,  5;  and  24. 
Nitro-muriatic  Acid,  2,  5;  21 
and  24. 

Nux  Vomica,  25. 

Oatmeal,  19. 

Oil  of  Almonds,  7. 

Oil  of  Cajuput,  11,  3. 

Oil  of  Camphor,  4. 

Oil  of  Copaiba,  10. 

Oil  of  Rosemary,  17. 

Oil  of  Turpentine,  3 and  10. 
Oil  of  Vitriol,  2,  5. 

Oils  (fixed),  20. 

Ointment  of  Mercury,  21. 
Ointment  of  Rose-Water,  20. 
Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies,  16. 
Olea  Fixa  (Fixed  Oils),  20. 
Oleum  Amygdalae  Amaras,  7. 
Oleum  Amygdala)  Dulcis,  19. 
Oleum  Anetlii,  2,  4. 

Oleum  A nisi,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Antliemidis,  2,  2. 
Oleum  Bergamii,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Cajuputi,  11,  3. 

Oleum  Caniphorae,  4. 

Oleum  Carui,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Caryopliylli,  2,  4. 
Oleum  Cinnamcmi,  2,  4. 
Oleum  Copaiba),  10. 

Oleum  Coriandri,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Crotonis,  9,  1. 

Oleum  Cubeba),  10. 

Oleum  Juniperi,  10. 

Oleum  Lavandula),  2,  4. 

Oleum  Lini,  20. 

Oleum  Mentha)  Piperita?,  2,  4 
Oleum  Mentha?  Viridis,  2,  4. 
Oleum  Monardne,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Morrhiue,  2,  2. 

Oleum  Myristica),  2,  4. 

Oleum  Oliva?,  9,  1. 

Oleum  Pimenta?,  2, 4. 

Oleum  Ricini,  9,  1. 

Oleum  Rosa?,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Rosmarini,  17. 

Oleum  Rutae,  4. 

Oleum  Sabinne,  13. 

Oleum  Sesami,  9, 1 ; and  20. 
Oleum  Succini,  4. 

657 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA, 


Oleum  Terebinthina?,  10. 
Oleum  Thymi,  2,  4. 

Oleum  Tiglii,  9,  1. 

Olive  Oil,  20;  and  9,  1. 

Onion,  12. 

Opium,  5. 

Orange  Peel,  2,  4. 

Origanum  Vulgare,  2,  4. 
Oxide  of  Antimony,  8. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  2,  5. 
Oxide  of  Zinc,  2,  5. 

PAXAX  QuiNCiUEFOLIUM,  2,  4. 
Papaver,  5. 

Pareira,  10. 

Parietaria  Officinalis,  10. 
Parsley  Root,  10. 
Partridge-Berry,  2,  4. 
Pellitory,  13. 

Pennyroyal,  2,  4. 

Pennyroyal,  European,  2,  4. 
Pepo,  23. 

Permanganate  of  Potash,  18. 
Peroxide  of  Iron,  2,  5. 
Persimmon,  1,  1. 

Petroleum,  4. 

Petroselinum,  10. 

Phenic  Acid,  24. 

Phosphate  of  Iron,  2,  5. 
Phosphate  of  Soda,  9,  2. 
Phosphorus,  3. 

Phytolacca,  8. 

Phytolacca;  Baccae,  8. 
Phytolacca;  Radix,  8. 

Pilula;  Hydrargyri,  21. 
Pimenta,  2,  4. 

Pimento,  2,  4. 

Pimpinella  Anisum,  2,  4. 

Pink  Root,  23. 

Pinus  Abies,  17. 

Pinus  Canadensis,  17. 

Pinus  Palustris,  10. 

Piper,  2,  4. 

Piper  Cubeba,  2,  4;  and  10. 
Piper  Longum,  2,  4. 
Pipsissewa,  10. 

Piscidia  Erythrina,  5. 

Pistacia  Lentiscus,  10. 

Pix  Burgundica,  17. 

Pix  Canadensis,  17. 

Pix  Liquida,  17. 

Pleurisy  Root,  11. 

Plumbago,  21. 

Plumbi  Acetas,  1,  2. 

Plumbi  Bichromas,  8. 

Plumbi  Carbonas,  1,  2. 

Plumbi  Nitras,  24. 

Plumbi  Oxidum  Semivitreum 
or  Rubrum,  1,  2. 

Plumbi  Subacetatis  Liquor, 
1,  2. 

Podophyllin,  9,  1. 
Podophyllum,  9,  1. 

Poison  Oak,  5. 

Poison  Sumach,  5. 

Poke  Berries,  8. 

Poke  Root,  8. 

Polygala  Senega,  12. 
Polygonum  Bistorta,  1, 1. 

Port  Wine,  5;  and  1,  1. 
Potassa,  18. 

Potassa  Caustica,  18. 

Potass*  Acetas,  10. 

Potassae  Bicarbonas,  22. 
Potassa;  Bichromas,  8. 

Potassae  Bisulphas,  2,  5. 

658 


Potassa;  Bitartras,  6;  and  9,  2. 
Potassa;  Carbonas,  22. 

Potassae  Chloras,  6. 

Potassa;  Citras,  6 and  11. 
Potassa;  Hydras,  18. 

Potassa;  Nitras,  6. 

Potassa;  Permanganas,  18. 
Potassa;  Sulphas,  9,  2. 

Potassa1  Tartras,  6. 

Potas.  Tartras  Acida,  6‘  & 9,  2. 
Potassii  Broniiduin,  21. 
Potassii  Cyanidurn,  7. 

Potassii  Cvanuretum,  7. 
Potassii  Ferrocyauidum,  6. 
Potato  Flies,  16. 

Potentilla  Tormentilla,  1,  1. 
Powder  of  Tin,  23. 
Precipitated  Carbonate  of 
Iron,  2.  5. 

Precipitated  Carbonate  of 
Zinc,  2,  5. 

Precipitated  Sulphuret  of  An- 
timony, 11. 

Prepared  Chalk,  22. 

Prepared  Oyster-Sliell,  22. 
Prepared  Storax,  12. 

Prickly  Ash,  11,  3. 

Pride  of  China,  or  Pride  of 
India,  9,  1. 

Prinos,  1,  1. 

Protocarbonate  of  Iron,  2,  5. 
Prune,  9,  1. 

Prunum,  9,  1. 

Primus  Domesticus,  9, 1. 
Primus  Laurocerasus,  4. 
Prunus  Virginiana,  2,  2. 
Prussic  Acid,  7. 

Pterocarpus  Marsupium,  1, 1. 
Pulvis  Antimonialis,  11. 
Purple  Angelica,  2,  4. 
Pyrethrum,  14. 

Pyroxylic  Spirit,  5. 

Quassia,  2, 1. 

Queen’s  Root,  8. 

Quercus,  1,  1,  and  2,  3. 

Quercus  Alba,  1,  1,  and  2,  3. 
Quercus  Infeetoria,  1,  1. 
Quercus  Tinctoria,  1, 1. 

Quince  Seed,  19. 

Quinia;  Sulphas,  2,  3. 
Ranunculus,  16. 

Red  Cedar,  13. 

Red  Iodide  of  Mercury,  21. 
Red  Oxide  of  Mercury,  18. 

Red  Precipitate,  18. 

Red  Rose,  1,  1. 

Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  14 
and  21. 

Reduced  Iron,  2,  5. 

Resina  Jalapa?,  9,  1. 

Resina  Podophylli,  9, 1. 

Resina  Scammonii,  9,  1. 
Rhamnus  Catharticus,  9, 1. 
Rhatany,  1, 1. 

Rheum,  9,  1. 

Rhceas,  5. 

Rhubarb,  9, 1. 

Rhus  Glabrum,  1, 1. 

Rhus  Toxicodendron,  5. 
Ricinus  Communis,  9,  1. 

Rind  of  Pomegranate,  1,  1. 
Rock  Oil,  4. 

Rock  Rose,  1,  1. 

Rosa  Gallica,  1,  1. 

Rosemary,  2,  4. 


Rosmarinus,  2,  4. 

Rot tl era,  23. 

Rottlera  Tinctoria,  23. 
Round-leaved  Dogwood,  2,  3. 
Rubus,  1,  1. 

Rue,  4. 

Rum  ex  Crispus,  2,  2. 

Rumex  Obtusifolins,  1,  1. 

Rust  of  Iron,  2,  5. 

Ruta,  4. 

Ruta  Graveolens,  4. 

Sabadilla,  9, 1. 

Sabbatia,  2, 1. 

Sabina,  13. 

Saccharated  Carbonate  of 
Iron,  2,  5. 

Saccharum,  19. 

Sagapenum,  4. 

Sage,  2,  2. 

Sago,  19. 

Saguerus  Rumphii,  19. 

Sagus  Rumphii,  19. 

Salix,  1,  1. 

Salt  (Common),  2,  3;  and  2,  5. 
Saltpetre,  6. 

Salvia,  2,  2. 

Sambucus,  11,  3. 

Sanguinaria,  8. 

Santonica,  23. 

Santoninum,  23. 

Sapo,  22. 

Saponaria  Officinalis,  21. 

Sarsa,  21. 

Sarsaparilla,  21. 

Sassafras  Medulla,  19. 

Savinc,  13. 

Scanunoniae  Radix,  9,  1. 
Scammonia;  Resina,  9,  1. 
Scammonium,  9, 1. 

Scammonj',  9,  1. 

Scilla,  12  and  8. 

Scoparius,  10. 

Scurvy  Grass,  10. 

Scutellaria,  2,  2. 

Sea-Wrack,  21. 

Secale  Cereale,  25. 

Senega,  12. 

Seneka,  12. 

Senna,  9,  1. 

Senna  Alexandria,  9, 1. 
Senna  Indica,  9,  1. 

Serpen  taria,  2,  3. 

Serpentary,  2,  3. 

Sesami  Folium,  19. 

Sevum,  20. 

Sevum  Praeparatum,  20. 
Simaruba  Amara,  2,  1. 
Simaruba  Excelsa,  2,  1. 

Simple  Cerate,  20. 

Simple  Ointment,  20. 

Sinapis,  17  and  8. 

Sinapis  Alba,  17  and  8. 

Sinapis  Nigra,  17  and  8. 
Slippery  Elm  Bark,  19. 

Smilax  Aspera,  21. 

Smilax  Officinalis,  21. 

Smilax  Syphilitica,  21. 
Snakeroot,  Virginia,  2,  3. 
Sneezewort,  15. 

Snuff,  15. 

Soap,  22. 

Soap  Cerate,  20. 

Soapwort,  21. 

Soda  Caustica,  18. 

Sod*  Acetas,  10. 


INDEX  TO  TABLE  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA. 


Soda}  Bicarbonas,  22. 

Soda;  Boras,  6 and  10  and  25. 
Soda?  Carbonas,  22. 

Soda?  Carbonas  Exsiccata,  22. 
Sodai  Cliloratae  Liquor,  24. 
Soda}  Citras,  9,  2. 

Soda}  et  Potassa}  Tartras,  9,  2. 
Soda'  Phosphas,  9,  2. 

Soda}  Sulphas,  9,  2. 

Soda*  Tartras,  9,  2. 

Sodii  Chl6ridum,  2,  3;  & 2,  5. 
Solidago,  2,  4. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammo- 
nia, 11,  2. 

Solution  of  Ammonia,  22. 
Solution  of  Arsenite'  of  Po- 
tassa, 21. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Ba- 
rium, 23. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Cal- 
cium, 10. 

Solution  of  Chlorinated  Soda, 
24. 

Solution  of  Chlorine,  24. 
Solution  of  Citrate  of  Ammo- 
nia, 11,  2. 

Solution  of  Citrate  of  Magne- 
sia, 9,  2. 

Solution  of  Citrate  of  Potassa, 

11,  2. 

Solution  of  Iodide  of  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  21. 

Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Iron, 
2,  5;  and  1,  2. 

Solution  of  Pernitratc  of  Mer- 
cury, 18. 

Solution  of  Potassa,  22. 
Solution  of  Subacetate  of 
Lead,  1,  2. 

Spanish  Broom,  10. 

Spanish  Flies,  16. 

Spartium  Junceum,  10. 
Spearmint,  2, 4. 

Spermaceti,  19. 

Spigelia,  23. 

Spiraea,  1,  l. 

Spirit  of  Ammonia,  3. 

Spirit  of  Mindererus,  11,  2. 
Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether,  4;  and 
11,  2. 

Spiritus  JEtheris  Compositus, 
4 and  5. 

Spiritus  iEtlieris  Nitrosi,  4; 
and  11,  2. 

Spiritus  Ammonia},  3. 

Spiritus  Ammonia}  Aromati- 
ous,  4. 

Spiritus  Frumenti,  5. 

Spiritus  Mindereri,  11,  2. 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus  Rectifi- 
catus,  5. 

Spiritus  Rectificatus,  5. 
Spiritus  Vini  Gallici,  5. 

Squill,  12  and  8. 

Stanni  Pulvis,  23. 

Star  Grass,  2,  1. 

Starch,  19. 

Statice,  1,  1. 

Stillingia,  8 and  21. 

Stillingia  Sylvatica,  8. 

Storax,  12. 

Stramonii  Folia,  5. 

Stramonii  Folium,  5. 

Stramonii  Radix,  5. 

Stramonii  Semen,  5. 


Stramonium,  5. 

Strong  Solution  of  Ammonia, 
17. 

Stronger  Water  of  Ammonia, 
17. 

Strychnia,  25. 

Strychnos  Nux  Vomica,  25. 
Styrax,  12. 

Styrax  Benzoin,  12. 

Styrax  Pneparatus,  12. 
Subacetate  of  Copper,  18. 
Subcarbonate  of  Iron,  2,  5. 
Sublimed  Sulphur,  9,  2. 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth,  2,  5. 
Sugar,  19. 

Sugar  of  Lead,  1,  2. 

Sulphate  of  Alumina,  24. 
Sulphate  of  Beberia,  2,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  18. 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  1,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  9,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Manganese,  9,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Potassa,  9,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia,  2,  2. 
Sulphate  of  Zinc,  8. 

Sulphite  of  Lime,  24. 

Sulphur,  9,  2;  and  10. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  9,  2. 

Sulphur  Sublimatum,  9,  2. 
Sulphurot  of  Antimony,  6. 
Sulphuret  of  Carbon,  il,  3. 
Sulphuric  Acid,  2,  5. 

Sulphuric  Ether,  5 and  24. 
Sulphuris  Iodidum,  21. 
Sumach,  1,  1. 

Swamp  Dogwood,  2,  3. 

Sweet  Almond,  19. 

Sweet  Flag,  2,  4. 

Swietenia  Febrifuga,  2,  3. 
Symphytum  Officinale,  19. 
Syrupus  Fuscns,  9, 1. 

Tabacum,  7 and  5. 

Tamarind,  6. 

Tamarind  us,  6. 

Tanacetum,  23. 

Tannic  Acid,  !,  1. 

Tansy,  23. 

Tapioca,  19. 

Tar,  10. 

Taraxacum,  10. 

Tartar  Emetic,  8. 

Tartarated  Iron,  2,  5. 

Tartaric  Acid,  6. 

Tartari/.ed  or  Tartarated  Anti- 
mony, 8. 

Tartrate  of  Antimony  and  Po- 
tassa, 8. 

Tartrate  of  Iron  and  Ammo- 
nia, 2,  5. 

Tartrate  of  Potassa,  9,  2. 
Tartrate  of  Potassa  and  Soda, 
9,  2. 

Tartrate  of  Soda,  9,  2. 
Terebinthina,  10. 

Testa  Ovi,  22. 

Testa  Pra}parata,  22. 

Tliea  Nigra,  4. 

Thea  Viridis,  4. 

Theriaca,  9, 1. 

Thoroughwort,  2,  3. 

Tobacco.  7 and  5. 

Tormentil,  1, 1. 

Tormentilla,  1,  1. 
Toxicodendron,  5. 

Tragacanth,  19. 


Tragacantha,  19. 

Triosteum,  9,  1. 

Tulip-tree  Bark,  2,  2. 

Turkey  Corn,  or  Turkey  Pea, 
10. 

Turmeric,  2,  4. 

Turpentine,  10. 

Turpentine,  Oil  or  Spirits  ofj 
3 and  10. 

Turpeth  Mineral,  21  and  8. 
Ulmus,  19. 

Ulinus  Fulva,  19. 

Unguentum  Adipis,  20. 
Unguentum  Aqua;  Rosa;,  20. 
Unguentum  Cantharidis,  16. 
Unguentum  Uvdrargyri,  21. 
Unguentum  Simplex,  20. 
Urginea  Scilla,  12. 

Uva  Ursi,  1,  1. 

Valerian,  4. 

Valeriana,  4. 

Valerianate  of  Zinc,  4. 
Vanilla,  2,  4. 

Veratria,  8 and  15. 

Veratrum  Album,  8. 

Veratrum  Sabadilla,  9, 1. 
Veratrum  Viride,  8. 

Verdigris,  18. 

Vernonia  Anthelmintica,  23. 
Vinegar  of  Spanish  Flies,  16. 
Vinegar  of  Squill,  9, 1. 
Vinum,  4. 

Vinum  Antimoniale,  8. 

Vinum  Antimonii,  8 ; and  11, 1. 
Vinum  Rubrum  or  Portcnse, 
1, 1 ; and  5. 

Vinum  Xericum,  5. 

Viola,  19. 

Violet,  19. 

Virginia  Snakeroot,  2,  3. 
Virgin’s  Bower,  10. 

Vitriolated  Tartar,  9,  2. 
Wahoo,  9, 1. 

Wall  Pellitory,  10. 

Water  Avens,  1, 1. 

Water  Eryngo,  11,  1. 

White  Hellebore,  8. 

White  Oak  Bark,  1,  1. 

White  Oxide  of  Arsenic,  21. 
Wild  Cherry  Bark,  2,  2. 

Wild  Ginger,  2,  4. 

Wild  Ipecac,  9,  1. 

Wild  Potato,  9,  1. 

Willow,  2,  3. 

Wine,  5. 

Wintera,  2,  4. 

Wintergreen,  10. 

Winter’s  Bark,  2,  4. 

Woody  Nightshade,  5. 
Wormseed,  23. 

Wormwood,  2,  2. 
Xanthorrhiza,  2,  1. 
Xanthoxylum,  11,  3. 

Yarrow,  13. 

Yellow  Dock,  2,  2. 

Yellow  Root,  2, 1. 

Yellow  Sulphate  of  Mercury 
21  and  8. 

Zinci  Acetas,  1,  2. 

Zinci  Carbonas,  2,  5. 

Zinci  Chloridum,  18. 

Zinci  Iodidum,  21. 

Zinci  Sulphas,  8. 

Zinci  Valerianas,  4. 

Zingiber,  2,  4. 


659 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC 


It  is  not  the  design  of  the  following  pages  to  present  a general  view  or  synopsis, 
however  brief,  of  the  elements  of  Latin  grammar;  but  simply  to  make  such  ex- 
planations as  seem  necessary  in  order  that  the  medical  student  who  is  unacquainted 
with  Latin  may  be  enabled  to  acquire  a tolerable  understanding  of  the  phrases 
and  sentences  which  he  is  constantly  meeting  with  in  works  on  Anatomy,  Phar- 
macy, etc.  Thus,  in  the  following  examples,  Extensor  digitorum  communis,  Orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum,  Orbicularis  ocidi,  Collodium  cum  cantharide,  Emplastrum  ammo- 
niaci  cum  bydrargyro , Hydrargyrum  cum  creta,  Pilulse  aloes  et  mastiches , Pilulse 
aloes  et  myrrb.se,  Pilulse  ferri  compositse , Alnus  nigra,  Helleborus  niger , etc.  etc.,  the 
mere  English  scholar  has  presented  to  his  mind  phrases  each  of  which  must 
appear  to  him  like  some  long,  unintelligible  word;  and  the  more  he  examines  or 
compares  such  as  seem  to  resemble  each  other,  the  more  embarrassed  and  perplexed 
he  must  of  necessity  become. 

Now,  it  is  believed  that,  by  a few  comparatively  simple  explanations,  the 
student  will  not  only  be  enabled  to  remember  such  phrases  more  easily,  because  he 
will  understand  their  construction, — and  if  he  has  occasion  to  write  them  will 
know  how  to  write  them  correctly, — but  he  will  be  able  to  apply  the  same  princi- 
ples to  hundreds  of  other  phrases  or  sentences  which  he  is  liable  to  meet  with 
from  time  to  time,  even  in  the  most  common  works  relating  to  medicine. 

The  rules  or  principles  which  he  will  have  to  learn,  will  be  found  compara- 
tively brief,  as  well  as  few  in  number,  his  chief  attention  being  directed  to  exam- 
ples, consisting  for  the  most  part  of  compound  names  or  short  sentences,  of  frequent 
occurrence  in  medical  works,  and  which,  in  any  case,  he  ought  to  understand,  if  he 
aims  to  become  a well-informed  physician. 

Nouns. 

I.  Every  Latin  noun  (with  some  unimportant  exceptions)  changes  its  termina- 
tion (or  last  syllable)  according  to  its  case.  There  are  in  all  six  cases:  those 
most  used  are  the  nominative,  genitive,  and  ablative.  The  nominative  corresponds 
as  to  signification,  in  all  essential  respects,  to  the  English  nominative;  the 
genitive  is  virtually  the  same  as  the  English  possessive;  the  ablative  is  the  same 
as  the  English  objective  when  governed  by  the  prepositions  with,  from,  in,  or 
by.  Next  to  the  nominative,  the  genitive  is  of  most  frequent  occurrence,  and 
therefore  of  the  greatest  importance.  In  many  instances  it  may  be  rendered  by 
the  English  possessive,  but  it  is  generally  preferable  to  translate  it  b}'  the  preposi- 
tion of.  Thus,  we  might  render  ba'sis  cer'ebri,  the  “brain’s  base;”  hu'mor  oculi, 
the  “eye’s  humor;”  ar'ma  viro'rum,  the  “men’s  arms;”  but  it  is  more  elegant  and 
more  usual  to  say,  the  “base  of  [the]  brain,”*  the  “humor  of  [the]  eye,”*  the 
“arms  of  [the]  men,”  etc.  We  always  say,  however,  “hartshorn”  (i.e.  hart’s  horn! 
for  cor' mi  cer'vi,  and  not  “horn  of  the  hart.” 

II.  Latin  nouns  have  been  arranged  under  different  classes  (or  declensions; 

* It  should  be  observed  that  in  Latin  there  is  no  article,  though  the  usage  of  the  English 
language  requires  it  in  many  cases  to  be  supplied.  The  words  supplied  aro  enclosed  in 

brackets. 

660 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


according  to  the  formation  of  the  genitive.  The  first  declension  comprises  such 
as  have  the  nominative  in  -or,  the  genitive  in  re,  and  the  ablative  in  -a:  as,  noin- 
ammo'nia , “ammonia;”  gen.  ammo’nise , “of  ammonia  ;”  abl.  ammo'nid , “with  am- 
monia;” nom.  calum'ba,  “columbo:”  gen.  calum'bre,  “of  columbo;”  abl.  calum'ba , 
“with  columbo;”  nom.  crc’ta,  “chalk;”  gen.  d'etre,  “of  chalk;”  abl.  crc’td , “with 
chalk;”  nom.  myr'rha,  “myrrh;”  gen.  myr'rhse , “of  myrrh,”  etc. : hence  the  phrases 
li'quor  ammo'nire,  “liquor  (or  solution)  of  ammonia;”  inf u' sum  calum'bre , “infusion 
of  columbo;”  tinctu'ra  myr'rhse , “tincture  of  myrrh;”  hydrar’ gyrum  cum  cre'td, 
“mercury  with  chalk,”  etc.  See  example  of  the  first  declension  given  below 

List  of  the  principal  Latin  Nouns  of  the  First  Declension,  occurring  in  Medical  Terms  and 

Phrases. 


Aca'cia. 

Cam 'era. 

Euphor'bia. 

Lam'ina. 

Myr'rluu 

Achille'a. 

Cam'phora. 

Faic'ula. 

Lap'pa. 

Natu'ra. 

Aconi'tia. 

Canel'la. 

Fari'na. 

La  van'd  ul  a. 

Neb'll  la. 

Adyna'mia. 

Can'na. 

Fas'cia. 

Lep'ra. 

Nectan'dra. 

Altlne'a. 

Cap'sula. 

Fib'ula. 

Leptan'dra. 

Neuralgia. 

Alu'mina. 

Caro'ta. 

Fis'tula. 

Li'bra. 

Nym'pha. 

Amen'tia. 

Cascaril'la. 

For'ma. 

Lin'ea. 

Odontal'gia. 

Ammo'nia. 

Cas'sia. 

For'mula. 

Lin'gua. 

Offici'na. 

Ampul'la. 

Cata'ria. 

Fos'sa. 

Lith'ia. 

Oli'va. 

Amyg'dala. 

Ce'ra. 

Frase'ra. 

Lobe'lia. 

Oiihthal'mia. 

Anasar'ca. 

Cetra'ria. 

Gal'la. 

Lupuli'na. 

Or'bita. 

Anato'mia. 

Char'tula. 

Gambo'gia. 

Lym'pha. 

Pal'ma. 

Angelica. 

Chimaph'ila. 

Gaulthe'ria. 

Lyt'ta. 

Papilla. 

Angustu'ra. 

Chiret'ta. 

Gem'ma. 

Mac'ula. 

Parei'ra. 

An'ima. 

Chol'era. 

Ge'na. 

Magne'sia. 

Patel 'la. 

Anten'na. 

Chor'da. 

Gentia'na. 

Magno'lia. 

Phlegma'sia. 

Aor'ta. 

Chore'a. 

Gille'nia. 

Ma'la. 

Phytolac'ca. 

Aph'tha. 

Cicu'ta. 

Glan'dula. 

Mamil'la. 

Pil'ula. 

Apoplex'ia. 

Cimicif'uga. 

Glyceri'na. 

Mam'ma. 

Pimen'ta. 

A'qua. 

Cinclio'na. 

Glycyrrlii'za. 

Ma'nia. 

Placen'ta. 

Ara'lia. 

Col'ica. 

Gut'ta. 

Man'ua. 

Plan'ta. 

Ar'nica. 

Coni'tia  (Conei'a). 

Guttaper'cha. 

Maran'ta. 

Pleu'ra. 

Arte'ria. 

Copai'ba. 

Ilaunorrha'gia. 

Mas'sa. 

Pneumo'nia. 

Assafoet'ida. 

Cor'nea. 

Iledeo'ma. 

Mate'ria. 

Pod'agra. 

Atro'phia. 

Coro'na. 

Ilepat'ica. 

Mati'ca. 

Polyg'ala. 

Atro'pia. 

Cos'ta. 

Heuclie'ra. 

Matrica'ria. 

Por'ta. 

Au'ra. 

Cot'ula. 

llo'ra. 

Maxil'la. 

Potas'sa. 

Auric'ula. 

Cre'ta. 

Ilydropho'bia. 

Medeci'na. 

Pso'ra. 

Ave'na. 

Cube'ba. 

Hyste'ria. 

Medul'la. 

Quas'sia. 

Axil'la. 

Curcu'ina. 

Iclithyocol'la. 

^Iclis'sa. 

Quin'ia. 

Axun'gia. 

Diarrhoe'a. 

Igna'tia. 

Membra'na. 

Ra'na. 

Bac'ca. 

Dracli'ma. 

Iner'tia. 

Men'tha. 

Kesi'na. 

Baril'la. 

Dulcama'ra. 

Intumescen'tia. 

Mi'ca. 

Ro'sa. 

Bary'ta. 

Dysente'ria. 

In'ula. 

Mistu'ra. 

Rottle'ra. 

Belladon'na. 

Dyspep'sia. 

Ipecacuan'lia. 

Monar'da. 

Rube'ola. 

Braye'ra. 

Dyspme'a. 

J ala'pa. 

Mor'phia. 

Ru'bia. 

Bulla. 

Ecto'pia. 

Krame'ria. 

Mor'rhua. 

Ru'ta. 

Bur'sa. 

Epipli'ora. 

Lacli'ryma. 

Mucu'na. 

Sabadil'la. 

Caf'fea. 

Ergo'ta. 

Lactu'ca. 

Myr'cia. 

Sabba'tia. 

Calum'ba. 

Essen'tia. 

Lacu'na. 

Myris'tica. 

Sabi'na. 

Example  of  a Noun  of  the  Eirst 
Singular. 

Nom.  Ye'na,  a vein. 

Gen.  Ye'me,  of  a vein. 

Dat.  Ye'na%  to  or  for  a vein.* 

Acc.  Ye'nam,  a vein. f 
Yoc.  Ye'na,  vein  (or  O vein).% 

Abl.  Ye'na,  in,  with,  or  by  a vein. 


Declension,  declined  through  all  the  Cases. 

Plural. 

Nom.  Ye'na,  veins. 

Gen.  Yena'rum,  of  veins. 

Dat.  Ye'nis,  to  or  for  veins.* 

Acc.  Ye'nas.  veins. f 

Yoc.  Ye'na?,  veins  (or  O veins).$ 

Abl.  Ye'nis,  in,  with,  or  by  veins. 


* The  dative,  case  invariably  implies  the  prepositions  “to”  or  “for”  understood, 
f The  accusative  corresponds  nearly  to  the  English  objective  when  governed  by  a transitive 
verb  or  by  certain  prepositions,  as  ante,  post,  prefer.  See  page  687. 

f The  vocative  (from  voco,  voca'tum , to  “call”)  corresponds  to  what  is  termed  by  some 
English  grammarians  the  nominative  case,  addressed:  it  is  used  in  calling  to  or  addressing 
persons,  and  in  apostrophizing  inanimate  objects. 

56*  661 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Sali'va. 

Serpenta'ria. 

Tab'ula. 

Tra'chea. 

Vanilla. 

Sal'via. 

Sil'ica. 

Tse'nia. 

Tragacan'tha. 

A7aricel'la. 

Sanguina'ria. 

Simaru'ba. 

Tapio'ca. 

Tu'tiica. 

A’ari'ola. 

Santon'ica. 

So'da. 

Tolu. 

Ul'na. 

AVna. 

Sarsaparilla. 

Spige'lia. 

Terebin'thina. 

Un'eia. 

Aresa'nia. 

Sjap'ula. 

Spi'na 

Ter'ra. 

Ure'tkra. 

Yesi'ca. 

Scarlati'na. 

Spiras'a. 

Tes'ta. 

Uri'ua. 

ATi'a. 

Seil'la. 

Spon'gia. 

Theobro'ma. 

U'va. 

A'i'ola. 

Scrof'ula. 

Stillin'gia. 

Tib'ia. 

U'vula. 

A'i'ta. 

Scutella'ria. 

Stri'a. 

Tinctu'ra. 

Vagi'na. 

ATul'va. 

Sen'ega. 

Sutu'ra. 

Tin'ea. 

Valeria'na. 

Winte'ra. 

Sen'na. 

Syn'ocka. 

Tormentil'la. 

A'al'va. 

Xanthorrhi'za. 

To  the  foregoing  list  belong  all  Latin  nouns  ending  in  -a  (with  the  exception  of  a 
small  number  of  the  third  declension  ending  in  -ma,  as  aroma , exanthema , &c.).  They  are  all 
of  the  feminine  gender , excepting  a very  few  which  are  rarely,  if  ever,  found  in  works  relating 
to  medicine. 

All  nouns  of  the  preceding  list  that  have  a plural,  form  the  plural  nominative 
in  -a?  (like  the  genitive  singular),  the  genitive  plural  ending  in  -a' mm:  e.g. 
auric' ula,  an  “auricle;”  nom.  pi.  auric' ulse,  the  “auricles;”  gen.  pi.  auricula' rum, 
“of  [the]  auricles;”*  pal'pebra,  an  “eyelid;”  nom.  pi.  pal'.pebrse , the  “eyelids;” 
gen.  pi.  2)alpebra'rum,  “of  [the]  eyelids:”*  hence  the  phrases  sep'tum  auricula' - 
rum , “septum  of  [the]  auricles;”*  orbicula'ris  palpebra' rum,  the  “circular  [muscle] 
of  [the]  eyelids,”*  etc. 

III.  Nouns  ending  in  -e  usually  make  the  genitive  in  -es : as,  nom.  al'oe, 
“aloes;”  gen.  al'oes,  “of  aloes;”  nom.  mas'tiche , “mastic;”  gen.  mas' ticked,  “of 
mastic:”  e.g.  pil'ulse  al'oes  et  mas'tiches,  “pills  of  aloes  and  tnastic.”  Words  of 
this  class  are  of  Greek  origin ; they  are  usually  included  under  the  first  declension 
in  the  Latin  grammars,  probably  because  they  belong  to  the  first  Greek  declension. 
Those  which  have  a plural,  form  it  in  -se:  as,  ac'ne,  a kind  of  eruption;  plural 
ac'nse. 

To  this  class  belong  all  Latin  nouns  of  Greek  origin  having  the  nominative 
singular  in  -e:  as, — 

Ac'ne.  Anemo'ne.  Cat'oche.  Dapli'ne.  Stat'ice. 

Aga've.  Argemo'ne.  Cynan'cke.  Phleg'mone.  Syn'cope ; 

including  the  compounds  of  ce'le  (Gr.  Kr]\r],  a “ tumor”),  if  not  Anglicized:  as, 
ceratoce'le,  “hernia,  of  the  cornea;”  hepatoce'le , “hernia  of  the  liver,”  etc. 

IV.  Latin  nouns  having  the  genitive  in  are  said  to  belong  to  the  second  de- 
clension. They  may  be  divided  into  two  principal  classes,  those  ending  in  -us  and 
those  in  -um.  Of  the  first  class  the  following  examples  may  be  given : nom. 
caryojihyl'lus,  a name  of  the  “clove-tree,”  also  used  for  “cloves;”  gen.  caryophyl'li, 
“of  the  clove-tree,”  or  “of  cloves;”  nom.  hyoscy'amus,  “henbane;”  gen.  hyoscy'- 
ami,  “of  henbane;”  nom.  hu'mulus , the  “hop  plant,”  or  “hops;”  gen.  hu'muli,  “of 
hops:”  hence  the  following  terms,  o'leum  caryophyl'li,  “oil  of  cloves;”  kyoscy'ami 
fo'lia,  “leaves  of  hyoscyamus;”  inf u' sum  hu'muli,  “infusion  of  hops.”  See  exam- 
ple given  below. 


Example  of  a Masculine  Noun  of  the  Second  Declension , declined  through  all  the  Cases 


Singular. 

Nom.  Dig'itus,  a finger. 

Gen.  Dig'iti,  of  a finger. 

Dat.  Dig'ito,  to  or  for  a finger. \ 
Acc.  Dig'ituin,  a finger  .f 
Yoc.  Dig'ito,  finger  (or  Ofinger).\ 
Abl.  Dig'ito,  in,  with , or  by  a finger. 


Plural. 

Nom.  Dig'iti,. /infers. 

Gen.  Digito'ruin,  of  fingers. 

Dat.  Dig'itis,  to  or  for  fingers,  f 
Acc.  Dig'itos,./i/n7crs.t 
A'oc.  Dig'iti,  fingers  (or  0 fingers). f 
Abl.  Dig'itis,  in,  with,  or  by  fingers. 


662 


* See  note  on  page  660. 


f See  notes  * f X on  page  661. 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


List  of  Nouns  ending  in  -us  and  -os,  of  the  Second  Declension, 


Acan'tlius. 

Cliy'lus. 

Ilyoscy'amus. 

Oc'ulus. 

Scorbu'tus. 

Ac'arus. 

Chy'mus. 

Ic'terus. 

(Esophagus. 

Scru'pulus. 

A^'inus. 

Cir'rus. 

Junip'erus  (f.). 

Ophtharmus. 

Som'nus. 

Acu'leus. 

Ci'trus  (f.). 

Lapil'lus. 

Orbic'ulus. 

Spas'mus. 

Agar'icus. 

Cla'vus. 

Lau'rus  (f.). 

Pal'pus. 

Stim'ulus. 

Al'nus  (f.). 

Coc'cus. 

Lec'tus. 

Papy'rus. 

Stom'achus. 

Alve'olus. 

Con'gius. 

Lob'ulus. 

Pedic'ulus. 

Suc'cus. 

Al'veus. 

Cro'cus. 

Lo'bus. 

Pem'phigus. 

Sulcus. 

Al'vus  (f.). 

Did'ymus. 

Loc'ulus. 

Phos'phorus. 

Syn'oclms. 

Am'nios. 

Dig'itus. 

Lo'cus. 

Pi'lus. 

Syru'pus. 

An'gulus. 

Dios'pyros  (f.). 

Lum'bus. 

Pi'nus  (f.). 

Ta'lus. 

An'imus. 

Euon'ymus. 

Lyc'opus. 

Po'lus. 

Tamarin'dus. 

An'nulus. 

Fascic'ulus. 

Mal'leus. 

Po'rus. 

Tai-'sus. 

A'nus. 

Fi'cus  (f.,  rarely 

Ma'lus  (f.). 

Pri'nos. 

Ter'minus. 

Artic'ulus. 

m.). 

Med'icus. 

Pru'nus  (f.). 

Tet'anus. 

Asbes'tos. 

Fo'cus. 

Metatar'sns. 

Psellis'mus. 

Thal'l  us. 

Aspar'agus. 

Fontic'ulus. 

Mor'bus. 

Pylo'rus. 

Thy'mus. 

Astrag'alus. 

Frax'inus  (f.). 

Mo'rus  (f.). 

Py'rus  (f.). 

Tris'mus. 

Bac'culus. 

Fu'cus. 

Mos'clius. 

Ka'dius. 

Trun'cus. 

Bo'lus. 

Fun'dus. 

Mu'cus. 

Ra'mus. 

Tu'bulus. 

Bul'bus. 

Fun'gus. 

Mus'culus. 

Ranun'culus. 

Ty'phus. 

Cac'tus. 

Funic'ulus. 

Mus'cus. 

Rham'nus. 

Ty'pus. 

Cal'amus. 

Furun'culus. 

Myr'tus  (f.). 

IliQ'inus. 

Ul'mus  (f.). 

Cal 'cuius. 

Fu'sus. 

Nfe'vus. 

Rosmari'uus. 

Lmbili'cus. 

Capil'lus. 

Glo'bus. 

Na'nus. 

Ru'bus. 

U'terus. 

Car'pus. 

Gy'rus. 

Narcis'sus. 

Sac'culus. 

Yentric'ulus. 

Car'thanms. 

llelleb'orus. 

Na'sus. 

Sac'cus. 

Yen'tus. 

Caryophyl'lus. 

Hidron'osus  (f.). 

Ner'vus. 

Sa'gus. 

Yi'rus  (neut.). 

Catar'rhus. 

llu'merus. 

No'dus. 

Sainbu'cus  (f.). 

Yis'cus*  ( the  mis- 

Chirur'gus. 

Ilu'mulus. 

Nu'cleus. 

Scir'rlius. 

tletoe). 

Chon'drus. 

Hydron'osus  (f.). 

Octa'rius. 

Scopa'rius. 

Yitel'lus. 

4®==*  A few  masculine  nouns  of  the  second  declension,  derived  from  the  Greek,  end  in  -os:  as, 
Asbes'tos , gen.  Ashes'll,  A ni'nins,  gen.  Am'nii,  &c. 

A very  small  number  end  in  -r : as,  can'cer,  a “ crab gen.  can'cri,  “of  a crab;”  nom.  plu 
can’eri,  “crabs;”  gen.  plu.  cancro'rum , “of  crabs:”  hence  the  phrase  cancrorum  oculi , “crabs’ 
eyes;”  nom.  vir , a “man;”  gen,  vii’i,  “of  a man;”  nom.  plu.  vi'ri , “ men;”  gen.  plu.  vir&rum , 
“of  men.” 

These  nouns  are  mostly  masculine,  but  a few  are  feminine  (marked  f.  in  the  list), 
consisting  chiefly  of  the  names  of  trees  (see  page  680,  note).  One  ( vi'rus ) is 

neuter.  Those  which  have  a plural,  form  the  nominative  plural  by  changing  - u ft 
of  the  nominative  singular  into  -i  (the  same  as  the  genitive  singular),  the  genitive 
plural  ending  in  -o' rum:  e.g.  dig' it  us,  a “ finger;”  nom.  pi.  dig’iti,  “fingers,”  or 
the  “ fingers ;”  gen.  pi.  digito'rum , “of  [the]  fingers;”  oc'ulus,  “eye;”  nom.  pi. 
oc’uli , the  “eyes;”  gen.  pi.  oculo'rum , “of  [the]  eyes;”  hence  the  terms  exten'sor 
digito'rum , “extender  of  the  fingers,”  applied  to  a muscle;  moto'res  oculo’rum , 
“movers  of  the  eyes,”  the  name  of  a pair  of  nerves. 

Of  nouns  ending  in  -um,  the  following  may  serve  as  examples;  nom.  acorn’ turn, 
“aconite;”  gen.  aconi'ti,  “of  aconite;”  nom.  argen'tum , “silver;”  gen.  argen'ti , 
“of  silver;”  nom.  dor' sum,  the  “back;”  gen.  dor' si,  “of  [the]  back;”  nom.  li'num , 
“flax;”  gen.  li'ni,  “of  flax:”  hence  we  have  aconi'ti  fo'lia,  “leaves  of  aconite;” 
argen'ti  ni’tras,  “nitrate  of  silver;”  longis’simus  dor' si,  the  “longest  [muscle]  of 
the  back;”  li'ni  sem'ina,  “seeds  of  flax”  or  “flaxseed.”  See  example  given  below. 


Example  of  a Neuter  Noun  of  the  Second  Declension , declined  in  full. 


Singular. 

Nom.  Ligamen'tum,  a ligament. 

Gen.  Ligamen'ti,  of  a ligament. 

J)a t.  Ligamen'to,  to  or  for  a ligament. 

Acc.  Ligamen'tum,  a ligament. 

Yoc.  Ligamen'tum,  ligament. 

Abl.  Ligauen'to,  in,  with,  or  by  a ligament. 


Plural. 

Nom.  Ligamen'ta,  ligaments. 

Gen.  Ligamcnto'rum,  of  ligaments. 

Dat.  Ligamen'tis,  to  or  for  ligaments. 

Acc.  Ligamen'ta,  ligaments. 

Yoc.  Ligamen'ta,  ligaments. 

Abl.  Ligamen'tis,  in,  with,  or  by  ligaments. 


* Vis'cus , gen.  Vis'ceris,  a “ bowel”  or  “ viscus,”  is  of  the  third  declension. 

663 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 
List  of  Neuter  Nouns,  ending  in  -um  and  -on,  of  the  Second  Declension. 


Absin'thium. 

Ace'tum. 

A<j'idum. 

Aconi'tum. 

iEquilib'rium. 

Albur'num. 

Al'lium. 

Alu'minum. 

Amen'tuin. 

Ammoni'acum. 

Am'nion. 

Amo'muin. 

Am'ylum. 

Ane'thum. 

Animil'culum. 

Ani'sum. 

Antimo'nium. 

An'trum. 

A'pium. 

Apocj'ynum. 

Arca'num. 

Argen'tum. 

Arsen'icum. 

A'rum. 

As'arum. 

Aspid'ium. 

Asple'nium. 

Auran'tium. 

Au'rum. 

Bal'neum. 

Bal'samum. 

Ba'rium. 

Benzo'inum. 

Biho'rium. 

Bisnm'thum. 

Bo'rium. 

Bra'chium. 

Bromin'ium. 

Bro'mium. 

Cad'mium. 

Cas'cum. 

Cal'cium. 

Cam'biurn. 

Can'crum. 

Capit'ulum. 

Cap'sicum. 

Cardauio'mum. 

Ca'rum. 

Caryophyrium. 

Casto'reum. 

CentauTium. 

Cen'trum. 

Cera'tum. 

Cereberium. 

Cer'ebrum. 

Ce'rium. 

Ceta'ceum. 

Chenopo'dium. 

Chlo'ridum. 

Chlo'rium. 

Clilorofor'mum. 

Chro'mium. 


Cil'ium. 

Cinnamo'mum. 

Col'chicum. 

Collo'dium. 

Col'lum. 

Collyr'ium. 

Colum'bium. 

Condimen'tum. 

Coni'um. 

Corian'drum. 

Corpus'culum. 

Cra'nium. 

Crassamen'tum. 

Creaso'tum. 

Cu'prum. 

Cydo'nium. 

Cypripe'dium. 

Decoc'tum. 

Deliq'uium. 

Delir'ium. 

Delphin'ium. 

Didym'ium. 

Dor'sum. 

Dracon'tium. 

Duode'num. 

Efflu'vium. 

Elate'rium. 

Elec'trum. 

Elemen'tum. 

Emplas'trum. 

Epigas'trium. 

Epip'loon. 

Eiipato'rium. 

Extrac'tum. 

Fermen'tum. 

Ferrocyan'idum. 

Fer'rum. 

Fi'lum. 
Fluo'rium. 
Foenic'ulum. 
Fo'lium. 
Fne'nuin. 
Frumen'tum. 
Ful'crum. 
Gal'banum. 
Gan'glion. 
Gelse'mium. 
Gera'nium. 
Ge'um. 
Gossyp'ium. 
Grana'tum. 
Gra'num. 
Guai'acum. 
Gyp'sum. 
Haunatox'ylon. 
Helian'themum. 
Herba'rium. 
Hi'lum. 
Ilor'deum. 
Hydrar'gyrum. 
Iiydroph'yton,  or 
Hydroph'ytum. 


ITypochon'drium. 

Hypogas'trium. 

Il'ium. 

Infundib'ulum. 

Infu'sum. 

Insec'tum. 

Intes'tinum. 

Iodin'ium. 

Io'dium. 

Irid'ium. 

Is'cliium. 

Jas'minum. 

Ju'gulum. 

Ju'gum. 

Ka'liura. 
La'bium. 
La'brum. 
Lactuca'rium. 
Lanta'nium,  or 
Lan'tharium. 
Lar'dum. 
Lau'danum. 
Lepidoden'dron. 
Ligamen'tum. 
Lig'num. 

Lil'ium. 

Linimen'tum. 

Li'num. 

Lirioden'dron. 

Lith'ium. 

Lixiv'ium. 

Lomen'tum. 

Lycopo'dium. 

Magne'sium. 

Mandib'ulum. 

Marru'bium. 

Marsu'pium. 

Meco'nium. 

Medicamen'tum. 

Me'dium. 

Mein'brum. 

Men'struum. 

Metal 'lu  m. 

Mezere'um. 

Min'iurn. 

Mollus'cum. 

Molybdse'num. 

Momen'tum. 

Mon'strum. 

Na'trium. 

N ecta'rium. 

Ni'trum. 

Olecra'non. 

O'leum. 

Oma'sum. 

Omen'tum. 

Oper'culum. 

O'pium. 

Or'ganum. 

Orig'anum. 

Os'tium. 

Ova'rium. 


Ov'ulum. 

O'vum. 

Ox'ydum,  or  Ox'- 
idum. 

Pala'tum. 
Palla'dium. 
Pedilu'vium. 
Perian'thium. 
Pericar'dium. 
Perinse'um. 
Perios'teum. 
Peritonae'um. 
Pet'alum. 
Petroseli'num. 
Phyllo'dium. 
Phytozo'on,  or 
Pliytozo'um. 
Pigmen'tum. 
Plat'inum. 
Plum'bum. 
Poc'ulum. 
Podophyl'lum. 
Poma'tum. 
Po'mum. 
Potas'sium. 
Princip'ium. 
Proflu'vium. 
Pru'num. 
Puden'dum. 
Punc'tum. 
Pyr'etlirum. 
Quadriho'rium. 
Ramen'tum. 
Receptac'ulum. 
Rec'tum. 
Reg'num. 
Reme'dium. 
Retinac'ulum. 
Rlie'uni. 
Ros'trum. 
Ruthe'nium. 
Sac'charum. 
Sa'crum. 
Sanita'rium. 
San'tahim. 
Santoni'num. 
Sarmen'tuni. 
Seammo'niura. 
Scopa'rium. 
Scro'tum. 
Scutel'lum. 
Scyb'alum. 
Se'bum,  or  Se'- 
vum. 

Secre'tum. 

Sedimeti'tum. 

Sele'nium. 

Semicu'pium. 

Semiho'rium. 

Senso'rium. 

Sep'alum. 

Sep'tum. 


Seques'trum. 

Ser'icum. 

Se'rum. 

Ses'amum. 

Se'vum. 

Sig'num. 

Si  lil'ium. 

So'diurn. 

Spec'trum. 

Spec'uhmi. 

Spirac'ulum. 

Spu'tum. 

Stan'ii  um. 
Ster'num. 
Stib'ium. 
Stramo'nium. 
Stra'tum. 
Stron'tium. 
Succeda'neum. 
Sue'cinum. 
Sulplmre'tum. 
Supercil'ium. 
Suspir'ium. 
Sym'bolum. 
Tab'acum. 
Tanace'tum. 
Tarax'acum. 
Tar'tarum. 
Tegmen'tum. 
Tellu'rium. 
Temperamen'- 
tum. 

Tentac'ulum. 

Tento'rium. 

Tig'lium. 

Tita'nium. 

Tomen'tum. 

Toxicoden'dron. 

Trape'zium. 

Triho'rium. 

Trios'teum. 

Trit'icum. 

Tuber'culum. 

Tym'panum. 

Unguen'tum. 

TJra'nium. 

Yac'uum. 

Yana'dium. 

Yeliic'ulum. 

Ye'lum. 

Vene'num. 

Vera'trum. 

Yestib'ulum. 

Vexil'lum. 

Vi'num. 

Yit'rum. 

Xanthox'ylum. 

Yt'trium. 

Zin'cum. 

Zirco'nium. 

Zo'on. 

Zooph'ytum. 


A number  of  neuter  nouns  of  the  second  declension,  derived  from  the  Greek,  end  in  -on: 
as,  Amnion  (also  written  Amnios),  gen.  Amnii , Epip'loon , gen.  Epip'loi,  &c.  These  nouns  have 
the  accusative  and  vocative  singular  like  the  nominative:  they  form  the  other  cases,  both  in  the 
singular  and  plural,  exactly  like  nouns  in  -um.  Some  words  of  this  class  are  also  written  witt 
-um : as,  Hydroph'yton  or  Hydroph'ytum , Phytozo'on  or  Pliytozo'um , &c. 

Nouns  belonging  to  the  preceding  class  are  of  the  neuter  gender,  and  form  tho 
nominative  plural  by  changing  - um  of  the  nominative  singular  into  -a,  the  genitive 
664 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


plural  ending  in  -o' rum : e.g.  bal’neum,  a “bath  ;”  nom.  pi.  bal’nea,  “baths;”  gen.  pi. 
balneo'rum,  “ of  baths ;”  /o’ limn,  a “ leaf ;”  nom.  pi.  fo’lia , “ leaves gen.  pi.  folio' - 
rum,  “of  leaves.”  Nouns  of  the  second  declension,  whether  they  end  in  -us  of 
-um,  have  the  dative  and  ablative  singular  in  -o,  and  the  dative  and  ablative  plural 
in  -is:  e.g.  al'vo  adstric'td,  “with  the  bowels  bound”  (or  the  “bowels  being 
bound”),  or  constipated;  fistula  in  a' no,  “fistula  in  the  anus;”  in  u'tero,  “in  the 
uterus;”  cum  hydrar'gyro,  “with  mercury;”  mas'sa  de  (or  ex)  hydrar'gyro,  “mass 
[prepared]  from,  or  out  of,  mercury;”  oc'ulis,  “with  [or  by  means  of]  the  eyes;” 
cum  fo'lii8,  “with  the  leaves,”  etc. 

It  may  be  remarked  that  the  ablative  is  often  governed  by  some  preposi- 
tion expressed,  such  as  a or  ab,  “from”  or  “by;”  cum,  “with;”  de,  “from,”  or  “of;” 
e or  ex,  “out,”  or  “out  of;”  in,  “in”  or  “on,”  etc.  But  the  preposition  is  also  very 
frequently  omitted.  The  foregoing  phrases  exhibit  examples  of  both  kinds. 

V.  Latin  nouns  which  form  the  genitive  in  -is,  arc  said  to  be  of  the  third  de- 
clension: e.g.  nom.  a'cer,  a “maple-tree;”  gen . ay'eris,  “of  a maple-tree;”  nom. 
se'ther,  “ether;”  gen.  i e' then’s,  “of  ether.”  Sometimes,  as  in  the  examples  just 
cited,  the  genitive  is  formed  by  simply  adding  -is  to  the  nominative.  Nouns 
having  the  nominative  in  -ma,  form  the  genitive  by  adding  -tis  : as,  der’ma,  der' - 
mati8.  But  many  nouns  of  the  third  declension  are  more  or  less  irregular  in 


Examples  of  Nouns  of  the  Third  Declension,  declined  in  full. 


Singular. 

Nom.  A'pex  (m.),  a point. 

Gen.  Ap'icis,  of  a point. 

Pat.  Ap'iei,  to  or  for  a point. 

Acc.  Ap'icem,  a point. 

Voc.  A'pex,  point. 

Abl.  Ap'ice,  in,  with,  or  by  a point. 

Nom.  Cri'nis  (m.),  a lock  (of  hair). 

Gen.  Cri'nis,  of  a lock. 

Pat.  Cri'ni,  to  or  for  a lock. 

Acc.  Cri'nem,  a lock. 

Yoc.  Cri'nis,  lock. 

Abl.  Cri'ne,  in,  with , or  by  a lock. 

Nom.  Pens  (m.),  a tooth. 

Gen.  Pen'tis,  of  a tooth. 

Pat.  Pen'ti,  to  or  for  a tooth. 

Acc.  Pen'tem,  a tooth. 

Yoc.  Pens,  tooth. 

Abl.  Pen'te,  in,  with , or  by  a tooth. 

Nom.  Hu'mor  (m.),  a humor. 

Gen.  Humo'ris,  of  a h umor. 

Pat.  Humo'ri,  to  a humor. 

Acc.  Humo'rem,  a humor. 

Yoc.  Hu'mor,  humor. 

Abl.  Humo're,  in,  with,  or  by  a humor. 

Nom.  Os  (neut.),  a bone. 

Gen.  Os'sis,  of  a bone. 

Pat.  Os'si,  to  a bone. 

Acc.  Os,  a bone. 

Yoc.  Os,  bone. 

\bl.  Os'se,  in,  with,  or  by  a bone. 

Nom.  Re'te  (neut.),  a net. 

Gen.  Re'tis,  of  a net. 

Pat.  Re'ti,  to  a net. 

Acc.  Re'te,  a net. 

Yoc.  Re'te,  net. 

Abl.  Re'ti,  in,  with,  or  by  a net. 


Plural. 

Nom.  Ap'ices,  points. 

Gen.  Ap'icum,  of  points. 

Pat.  Apig'ibus,  to  or  for  points. 

Acc.  Ap'ices,  points. 

Yoc.  Ap'ices,  points. 

Abl.  Api<j'ibus,  in,  with,  or  by  points. 

Nom.  Cri'nes,  locks. 

Gen.  Crin'ium,  of  locks. 

Pat.  Crin'ibus,  to  or  for  locks. 

Acc.  Cri'nes,  locks. 

Yoc.  Cri'nes,  locks. 

Abl.  Crin'ibus,  in,  with,  or  by  locks. 

Nom.  Pen'tes,  teeth. 

Gen.  Pen'tium,  of  teeth. 

Pat.  Pen'tibus,  to  or  for  teeth. 

Acc.  Pen'tes,  teeth. 

Yoc.  Pen'tes,  teeth. 

Abl.  Pen'tibus,  in,  with,  or  by  teeth. 

Nom.  Humo'res,  humors. 

Gen.  Humo'rum,  of  humors. 

Pat.  Humo'ri  bus,  to  or  for  humors. 

Acc.  Humo'res,  humors. 

Yoc.  Humo'res,  humors. 

Abl.  Humo'ribus,  in,  with,  or  by  humors 

Nom.  Os'sa,  bones. 

Gen.  Os'sium,  of  bones. 

Pat.  Os'sibus,  to  or  for  bones. 

Acc.  Os'sa,  bones. 

Yoc.  Os'sa,  bones. 

Abl.  Os'sibus,  in,  with,  or  by  bones. 

Nom.  Re'tia  (ree'she-a),  nets. 

Gen.  Re'ti  um  (ree'she-um),  of  nets. 

Pat.  Ret'ibus,  to  or  for  nets. 

Acc.  Re'tia,  nets. 

Voc.  Re'tia,  nets. 

Abl.  Ret'ibus,  in,  with,  or  by  nets. 

665 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


respect  to  the  formation  of  the  genitive:  e.g.  nom.  se'tas  (“age”),  gen.  seta' tis  ; nom. 
albu'go  (“  white  of  the  eye”),  gen.  albu'ginis ; nom.  a'pex  (a  “point”),  gen.  ap' ids ; 
nom.  calx  (“lime”),  gen.  cards.  Therefore,  in  order  to  avoid  any  possibility  of 
misunderstanding,  in  all  cases  (except  those  in  which  the  genitive  is  formed  by 
simply  adding  -is  or  -tis)  in  the  following  list,  the  genitive  has  been  spelled  out  in 
full.  The  genders , also,  have  been  marked,  as  it  is  impossible  to  lay  down  any  rule 
by  which  they  could  be  positively  determined.  A few  general  observations,  how- 
ever, respecting  genders,  may  be  useful  in  assisting  the  memory  of  the  learner. 
1.  Nouns  in  -or  are  nearly  always  masculine:  as,  abduc'tor,  ar'dor,  ca'lor , con- 
st rid  tor,  depres'sor , la'bor,  mo’tor , etc.  The  only  exceptions  in  the  list  are  ar'bor 
(a  “tree,”  fern.),  and  mar'mor  (“marble,”  neut.).  2.  Nouns  in  -go  are  feminine: 
as,  sern'jo,  albu'go,  call  go , cartila'go , rubi'go , etc.;  all  those  of  this  last  termination 
form  the  genitive  in  -Inis.  3.  Nouns  of  which  the  nominative  ends  in  -is  are  femi- 
nine when  they  signify  an  action , state,  or  process:  as,  diaVysis,  the  “act  of  dis- 
solving;” diajjhore'sis,  the  “act  or  state  of  perspiring,”  etc.  (from  the  Greek). 
The  genitive  of  this  class  of  nouns  is  always  the  same  as  the  nominative.  4.  Those 
ending  in  -io,  formed  from  a verb,  are  invariably  feminine : as,  abdudtio  [from  the 
verb  abdu'co,  abdudtum],  emis'sio  [from  emit' to,  emis'sum ],  etc.  5.  Those  ending  in 
-ma,  which  form  the  genitive  by  adding  -tis,  are  from  the  Greek,  and  are  without 
exception  neuter:  as,  aro'ma , co'ma,  der'ma,  etc. 

Nouns  in  -as,  having  the  genitive  in  -a'tis,  formed  from  an  adjective,  as 
muti'tas,  “dumbness”  [from  mu'tus , “dumb”],  are  feminine;  and,  by  analogy,  nouns 
of  the  same  termination,  indicating  the  combination  of  some  acid  with  a base,  as 
ace'tas  (an  “acetate”),  sul'phas  (a  “sulphate”),  are  generally  regarded  as  femi- 
nine; but  this  is  disputed  by  others,  and  as  words  of  this  class  are  exclusively 
modern,  there  is  no  classical  authority  to  which  we  can  appeal  to  decide  the  ques- 
tion.* 

Nouns  of  the  third  declension  usually  change  the  -is  of  the  genitive  into  -e, 
to  form  the  ablative:  as,  can'tharis,  gen.  canthar'idis , abl.  canthar'ide;  ca'ro 
(“flesh”),  gen.  car'nis,  abl .car'ne,  etc.  See  examples  of  nouns  of  the  third  declen- 
sion on  preceding  page. 

If  the  noun  is  masculine  or  feminine,  the  nominative  plural  is  formed  by 
changing  the  -is  of  the  genitive  singular  into  - es : as,  ca'lyx,  gen.  cal' yds,  nom. 
pi.  calyces  ; can'tharis,  gen.  canthar'idis,  nom.  pi.  canthar' ides ; but  if  neuter,  the 
genitive  singular  is  changed  to  -a  or  -ia:  as,  a'cer , gen.  aferis,  nom.  pi.  at;' era; 
an'imal,  gen.  anima'lis,  nom.  pi.  anima'lia ; fora' men,  gen.  foram'inis , nom.  pi. 
foram'ina.  It  may  be  stated  as  a universal  rule  that,  in  Latin,  neuter  nouns, 

or  adjectives,  of  whatever  declension,  form  the  nominative  plural  in  -a. 


* In  the  last  United  States  as  well  as  in  the  British  Pharmacopoeia  (just  published),  nouns 
of  this  class  are  assumed  to  be  feminine,  and  the  accompanying  adjectives  and  participles 
have  the  feminine  termination.  Accordingly,  they  now  say  Hydrar'gyri  Sulphas  FJa'vu , and 
not  Hydrar'gyri  Sulphas  Fla'vus,  as  given  in  former  Pharmacopoeias;  Zin'ci  Carbo'nas  Free- 
cipita'ta  (not  Prsecipita'tus ),  etc.  etc. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  recently  published  under  the  authority  of  the  Prussian  Government 
( Pharmacopoeia  Borussica , Berolini,  1862),  instead  of  such  terms  as  Plum'bi  Ace'tas,  Magne'sise 
Sulphas,  Zin'ci  Sulphas,  &c.,  Ptum'burn  Acet'icum  (“Acetic  for  acetated]  Lead”),  Magne'sia 
Sulphu'rica  (“ Sulphuric  [or  sulphurated]  Magnesia”),  Zin'cum  Sulphu'ricum  (“Sulphuric  for 
sulphurated]  Zinc”),  &c.  are  employed;  but  Ace'tas  Plum'bicus  (“Plumbic  Acetate”).  Sulphas 
Magne'sicus  (“  Magnesian  Sulphate”),  Sul'phas  Zin'cicus  (“Zincic  Sulphate”),  &c  , are  given  as 
synonyms,  the  noun,  as  in  the  examples  just  cited,  being  invariably  joined  with  a masculine 
adjective. 

666 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Abdo'men,  gen.  Ab- 
dom'inis  (neut.). 

Abductor,  gen.  Ab- 
ducto'ris  (m.). 

Ab'ies.  Abi'eiis  (f.). 

Accip'iter,  Accip'itm 
(m.). 

A'cer,  Azeris  (neut.). 

Ace'tas,  Aceta 7is  (f.). 

Acotyle'don,  -is  (f.). 

Adductor,  -o'ris(m.). 

A'deps,  Ad 'ipis  (m.). 

A'er,  A'ern  (rn.). 

JEru'go,iEru'gmis  (f.). 

iEs,  M'ris  (neut.). 

iEstas,  sEsta'tis  (f.). 

iE'tas,  iEta'iis  (f.). 

iE'ther,  iE'theris  (m.). 

iE'thiops,  JE'thiopis 

(m.). 

Albu'go,Albu'gmis(f.) 

Albu'men,  Albu'miwis 
(neut.). 

Al'etris,  Alet'ridis  (f.). 

Alu'men,  Alu'minis 
(neut.). 

Amauro'sis  (id.*)  (f.). 

Am'yris,  Amyr'kiis(f.). 

Analysis  (id.)  (f.). 

Aneuris'ma,-iis(neut.) 

Ariimal,  -is  (neut.). 

An'ser,  -is  (m.). 

An'themis,  Anthem'- 
i dis  (f.). 

An'thrax,  Anthra'cis 
(in.). 

A'pex,  Ap'icis  (m.). 

A'phis,  Apliidis  (f.). 

A 'pis  (id.)  (f.). 

Aposte'ma,  -tis. 

Appen'dix,  Appen'- 
dicis  (f.) 

Ar'bor,  Ar'boris  (m.). 

Ar'dor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Aro'ma,  A ro'maf  is 

(neut.). 

Arthri'tis,  Artlirit'idfis 
(f.). 

Arun'do,  Arun'dinis 
(f.). 

As'caris,  Ascar'idis  (f.) 

Ascle'pias,  Ascle'pia- 
dis  (f.). 

Asth'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Athero'ma,  Athero'- 
maiis  (neut.). 

At'las,  Atlan'iis  (m.). 

Auri'go,  Aurig'iuis  (f.) 

A'vis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ax'is  (id.)  (m.). 

Ba'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ber'beris  (id.)  (f.). 

Bicarbo'nas,  Bicarbo- 
na'iis  (f.) 

Bichro'mas,  Bichro- 
ma 'tis  (f.). 

Bitar'tras,  Bi  tar  trail's 

(f-). 

Bitu'men,  Bitu'minis 
(neut.). 


List  of  Nouns  of  the  Third  Declension. 


Boin'bax,  Bomba'eis 

(f.). 

Bora'go,  Borag'inis(f) 
Bo'ras,  Bora'iis  (f.). 
Bo'rax,  Bora'cis  (f.). 
Bu'bo,  Bubo'wis  (m.). 
Buccina'tor,  -o'ris  ( m.). 
Cacu'men,  Cacu'minis 
(neut.). 

Cada'ver,  Cadav'eris 
(neut.). 

Cali'go,  Calig'inis  (f.). 
Ca'lor,  -o'r is  (m.). 
Calx,  Cal'cis  (m.). 
Ca'lyx,  Cal'ycis  (m.). 
Can'nabis  (id.)  (f.). 
Can'tharis,  Canthar'- 
i dis  (f.). 

Ca'put,  Cap'iiis  (neut.) 
Car'bo,  -o'nis  (m.). 
Carbo'nas,  Carbonari's 
(f.). 

Carcino'ma,  -tis  (neut.) 
Cardi'tis,  Cardit'idis 

(f-). 

Ca'ro,  Car'm’s  (f.). 
Cartila'go,  Cartilag'- 
inis  (f.). 

Ceru'men,  Ceru'miras 
(neut.). 

ChIo'ras,Chlora7i$(f.). 
Chloro'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
Chrys'alis,  Chrysal'- 
i dis  (f.). 

Cica'trix,  Cicatri'cis 

(f.). 

Ci'nis,  Cin'eris  (m.). 
Ci'tras,  Ci trail's  (f.). 
Clas'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
Climac'ter,  -e'ris  (m.). 
Coc'cyx,  Coccy'#is(m.) 
Colocyn'this,  Colo- 
cyn'thirfis  (f.). 
Co'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 
Constric'tor,  -o'ris  (m.) 
Cop'tis,  Cop'ticiis  (f.). 
Cor,  Cor'ciis  (neut.). 
Cor'pus,  Cor'pom 
(neut.). 

Cor'tex,  Cor'ticis  (ni. 
and  f.). 

Cre'mor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Cri'nis  (id.)  (m.). 
Cri'sis  (id.)  (m.) 
Cro'ton,  -o'nis  (m.). 
Crus,  CruVis  (neut.). 
Cu'eumis  (id.)  (m.). 
Cu'tis  (id.)  (f.) 

Cy'cas,  Cyc'arfis  (f.). 
Cys'tis,  Cys'tiiiis  (f.). 
Dens,  Der/iis  (m.). 
Depres'sor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Der'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 
Diabe'tes,  Diabe'tis. 
Diaer'esis  (id.)  (f.). 
Diagnosis  (id.)  (f.). 
Dial'ysis  (id.)  (f.). 
Diaphore'sis  (id.)  ({.). 
Diaphrag'ma,  -tis 
(neut.). 


Diath'esis  (id.)  (f.). 
Dicotyle  don,  is  (f.). 
Digita'lis  (id.)  ((.). 
Dila'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Diplo'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 
Distor'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Dorema  (neut.). 

Do'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

E'bur,  Eb'oris  (neut.). 
Ecchymo'ma,  -tis 
(neut.). 

Ecchymo'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
Elephantiasis  (id.)  (f.) 
Enipye'sis  (id.)  ({.). 
Ernpyreu'ma,  -tis 
(neut.) 

Endosmo'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
En'cma,  Enera'aiis 
(neut.). 

Enteri'tis  (id.)  (f.). 
Epis'chesis  (id.)  (f.). 
Epistax'is  (id.)  (f.). 
Erec'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Erig'eron,  -tis  (neut.). 
Erysip'elas,  Erysipel'- 
aiis  (neut.). 
Exanthe'ina,  Exan- 
them'aiis  (neut.). 
Exosto'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
Exten'sor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Falx,  Fal'cis  (f.). 
Fe'bris  (id.)  (f.). 

Fel,  Fel'iis  (neut.). 
Fe'mur,  Fem'oris 
(neut.). 

Filix,  Fil'icis  (f.). 
Flex'or,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Flos,  Flo'ris  (rn.). 
Flu'or,  Fluo'ris  (m.). 
Fo'mes,  Foniiiis  (m.). 
Fons,  Fon'iis  (m.). 
Fora'men,  Foram'inis 
(neut.). 

For'ceps,  For'cipis  (fX 
For'nix,  For'nicis  (m.). 
Fri'gus,  Frig'oris 
(neut.). 

Frons,  FronWis  (f.). 
Frons,  Fron'iis  (f.). 
Fru'tex,  Fru'ticis(m.). 
Fuli'go,  Fulig'inis  (f.). 
Fu'nis  (id.)  (m.). 
Fur'fur,  -is  (m.). 
Gastri'tis,  Gastrit'iciis 


(f.> 

Gen'esis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ge'nus,  Gen'ms 

(neut.). 

Ger'men,  Ger'mims 
(neut.). 

Gians,  Glan'dis  (f.). 

Glu'ten,  Glu'tims 

(neut.). 

Gra'men,  Gram'iwis 
(neut.). 

Gram'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Gran'do,  Gran'diras 
(f.). 

Ilremop'tysis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ha'lo,  Halo'nis  (m.). 


Ile'lix,  Hel'icis. 

TIe'par,  Ilep'aiis 

(n<*ut.). 

Her'pes,IIerpe7is(m.) 

Hiru'do,  Hiru 'dint's  (f.) 

Ilu'rnor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Hydras'tis,  Ilydras'ti- 
dis  (f.). 

Ily'drops,  Ilydro'pis 

(m.). 

Hydrotho'rax,  -a'cis 

(m.). 

Hypochondri'asis  (id.) 

(f.). 

Ig'nis  (id.)  (m.). 

Ima'go,  Imag'iitis  (f.). 

Impeti'go,  Impetig'- 
inis  (f.). 

In'dex,  In'dicis  (m. 
and  f.). 

In'guen,  In'guiwis 
(neut.). 

I'ris,  Ir'i dis  (f.). 

I'ter,  Itiu'ms  (neut.). 

Je'cur,  Jec'oris  (neut.) 

Ju'glans,  Juglan'dis 

(f.). 

Jus,  Ju'ris  (neut.). 

Juven'tus,  Ju  ventu'iis 
(f.). 

La'bor,  Labo'ris  (m.). 

Lac,  Lac'iis  (neut.). 

Lanu'go,  Lanu'ginis 

(f.). 

Lapis,  Lap'iciis  (m.). 

Lar'ynx,  Laryn'^is(f-). 

La'tex,  Lat'icis  (m.). 

Legu'men,  Legu'miwis 
(neut.). 

Lens,  Len'iis  (f.). 

Leon'todon,-iis(neut.) 

Leva'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Lichen,  Liche'nis(m.). 

Li'en,  Lie'nis  (m.). 

Li'mon.  Limo'nis  (m.). 

Li'quor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Li'vor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Lix,  lA'cis  (f.). 

Lu'es,  Lu'is  (f.). 

Lumba'go,  Lumbag'- 
inis  (f.). 

Ma'cis,  Ma<j'i dis  (f.). 

Mag'nes,  Magne'iis 

(m.). 

Mar'cor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Mar'mor,  Mar'moris 
(neut.). 

Mas,  MaVis  (m.). 

Ma'trix,  Matri'cis  (f.). 

Medica'men,  Medi- 
cam 'mis  (neut.). 

Mel,  Meiiis  (neut.). 

Mens,  Men'iis  (f.). 

Men'sis  (id.)  (m.). 

Menyan'thes,  Meny- 
an'this. 

Mias'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Moli'men,  Mol im 'in is 
(neut.). 

Mors,  Morris  (f.). 


* Id.  placed  after  the  noun  denotes  that  the  genitive  is  the  same  (idem)  as  the  nominative. 

667 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Mos,  M o'ris  (ni.),  man- 
ner or  custom. 

Mo'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Mucila'go,  Mucilag'- 
inis  (f.). 

Mu'rias,  Muria'fes  (f.). 

Mur'mur,  -is  (neut.). 

Mu'titas,  Mutita'iis  (f.) 

Narco'ma,  -tis( neut.). 

Na'ris  (id.)  ({.). 

Nata'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Neuro'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ni'tras,  Nit  rail's  (f.). 

Nox,  No c'tis  (night) 
(f.). 

Nu'trix,  Nutri'cis  (f.). 

Nux,  Nu'cis  (f.). 

Ob'stetrix,  Obstetri'- 
cis  ({.). 

Oc'ciput,  Occip'iiis 
(neut.). 

On'yx,  On'y  chis  (m. 
and  f.). 

Or'do,  Or'diwis  (m.). 

Ori'go,  Orig'inis  (f.). 

Os,  O'ris  (neut.). 

Os,  Os' sis  (neut.). 

O'vis  (id.)  (f.). 

Ox'alas,  Oxala'tis  (f.). 

Pa'nax,  Pan'acis  (f.). 

Pan'creas,  Pancre'atis 
(neut.). 

Pa'nis  (id.)  (m.). 

Papa'ver,  Papav'eris 
(neut.). 

Paral'ysis  (id.)  (f.). 

Pa'ries,  Pari'efts  (m.). 

Pathe'ma,  - tis  (neut.). 

Pec'ten,  Pec'tiwis  (in. 
and  neut.). 

Pec'tus,  Pec'toris 
(neut.). 

Pel'vis  (id.)  (f.). 

Pe'po,  Pepo'nis  (m.). 

Perman'ganas,  -a  'tis 

(f.). 

Pertug'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

Pes,  Pe'dis  (m.). 

Pes'tis  (id.)  (f.). 

Pha'lanx,  Phalan'ais 
(f.). 

Phar'ynx,  Pharyn'^is 
(f.). 


Phos'phas,  Phospha'- 
tis  (f.). 

Phthi'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

Pi'per,  Pip'eris(neut.). 

Pis'cis  (id.)  (m.). 

Pix,  Pi'cis  (f.). 

Planta'go,  Plantag'- 
inis  (f.). 

Plas'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Pneuma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Pol'lex,  Pol'licis  (in.). 

Pon'dus,  Pon'deris 
(neut.). 

Pons,  Pon 'tis  (m.). 

Pop'les,  Pop'litis  (m.). 

Porri'go,  Porrig  'inis 

(f.). 

Pris'ma,  Pris'ma  tis 
(neut.). 

Probos'cis,  Probos'ci- 
dis  ({.). 

Prona'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Propa'go,  Propag'ini's 

(f.). 

Pruri'go,  Prurig'inis 
(f.). 

Pu'bes,  Pu'bis  (f.). 

Pul'mo,  Pulmo'ms 

(m.). 

Pul'vis,  Pul'veris  (m.). 

Pus,  Pu'ris  (neut.). 

Puta'men,  Putam'iwis 
(neut.). 

Pyr'amis,  Pyram'idis 
(f.). 

Pyro'sis  (id.)  (f.). 

Qua'drans,  Quadran'- 
tis  (m.). 

Ra'chis,  Ra'cheos  (f.). 

Ra'dix,  Radi'cis  (f.). 

Reg'imen,  Regim'inis 
(neut.). 

Ren,  Re'nis  (m.). 

Re'te,  Re'tis  (neut.). 

Retrac'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Rha'chis,  Rha'cheos. 
See  Rachis. 

Rheu'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Rliizo'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Rhus,  Rho'is  (f.  and  m.) 

Ri'gor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Rota'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Rubi'go,  Rubig'inis  (f.) 


Ru'mex,  Ru'micis  (m.) 

Sal,  Sa'lis  (m.). 

Sa'lix,  Sal'icis  (f.). 

San'guis,  San'guinis 

(m.). 

San'itas,  Sanita'iis  (f.). 

Sa'po,  Sapo'wis  (m.). 

Sarco'ma,  Sarco 'mail’s 
(neut.). 

Sarx,  Sar'cos  (f.). 

Scan'sor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Se'des,  Se'dis  (f.). 

Se'men,  Sem'im’s 
(neut.). 

Senec'tus,  Senectu'iis 
(f.). 

Serpi'go,  Serpig'inis 

(f.). 

Si'lex,  Sil'icis  (m.  orf.) 

Sil'icas,  Silica'iis  (f.). 

Sina'pis  (id.)  ({.). 

Si'phon  or  Si'pho, 
o'nis  (m.). 

Si'tis  (id.)  (f.). 

Sol,  So'lis  (m.). 

Solida'go,  Solidag'ims 
(f.). 

So'por,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Spa'dix,  Spadi'cis  (m.). 

Spas'ma,  Spas'mafis 
(neut.). 

Sper'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Sphinc'ter,  -e'ris  (m.) 

Sta'men,  Stam'inis 
(neut.). 

Ste'ar,  Ste'a^is  (neut.). 

Ster'tor,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Stig'ma,  Stig'ma^is 
(neut.). 

Sto'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 

Sto'rax,  Stora'cis(m.). 

Stu'por,  -o'ris  (m.). 

Sty'rax,  Styra'cis  (m. 
and  f.). 

Su'dor,  Sudo'ris  (m.). 

Sul'phas,  Sulpha'^is 

(f.). 

Sul'phis,  Sulphi'^is 
(f.). 

Sul'phur,  Sul'phuris 
(neut.). 

Sympto'ma,  -tis  (neut.) 

Synop'sis  (id.)  (f.). 


Syn'thesis  (id.)  (f.). 
Syph'ilis,  Syphil'idis 
(f.). 

Syste'ma,  -tis  (neut.). 
Ta'bes,  Ta'bis  (f.). 
Tax'is  (id.)  (f.). 
Tec'trix,  Tectri'cis  (f.). 
Teg'men,  Teg'miwis 
(neut.). 

Tem'pus,  Tem'poris 
(neut.). 

Ten'do,  Ten'dmis  (m.). 
Ten'sor,  -o'ris (in.). 
Tes'tis  (id.)  (m.  or  f.). 
Testu'do,  Testu'dim's 
(f.). 

The'nar,  Then'aris 

(neut.). 

The'sis  (id.)  (f.). 
Tho'rax,Thora'cis  (m.) 
Thus,  Thu'ris  (neut.). 
Tor'men,  Tor'minis 
(neut.). 

Tre'mor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Tricho'ma,  -tis. 
Trochan'ter,  -e'ris  (m.) 
Tu'ber,  Tu'beris 

(neut.). 

Tu'mor,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Ul'cus,  IJl^eris  (neut.). 
Un'guis  (id.)  (m.). 
Ure'do,  Ured'mis  (f.). 
Ure'ter,  Urete'ris  (m.). 
Ya'por,  -o'ris  (m.). 
Ya'rix,  Yar'icis  (m.). 
Yas,  Va's is  (neut.),  pi. 

of  second  declension. 
Ven'ter,  Ven'tris  (m.). 
Ve'nus,  Yen'eris  (f.). 
Ver'mis  (id.)  (m.). 
Ver'tex,  Ver'ticis(m.). 
Vis  (id.)  ({.),  pi.  Yi'res. 
Vis'cus,  Yis'^eris 

(neut.). 

Vi'tis  (id.)  ({.). 

Vo'mer,  -is  (m.). 
Yor'tex,  Yor'ticis  (m.). 
Yox,  Vo'cis  (f.). 
Yul'nus,  Vul'nem 

(neut.). 

Zin'giber,  Zingib'eris 
(neut.). 


To  these  may  be  added  the  very  numerous  class  of  nouns  in  -io,  derived  from  the  supines  of 
verbs  by  simply  dropping  the  -wm  of  the  supine  and  substituting  -io:  for  example,  from  ab - 
du'co,  abduct-um , to  “ abduct,”  we  have  abduc'tio , “ abduction from  adhse'reo,  adhse'sum , to 
“ adhere,”  we  have  adhse'sio,  “ adhesion,”  &c.  All  such  nouns  are  of  the  feminine  gender ; they 
invariably  form  the  genitive  by  adding  -nis  to  the  nominative : e.g.  abduc'tio , abductio'nis , ad- 
hsesiOy  adhsesio'nis,  and  so  on.  It  may  be  observed  that  English  nouns  in  -ion — such  as  caution , 
depression , lotion , motion , occasion , retention , repulsion , tension , &c.  &c. — are,  with  scarcely  an 
exception,  derived  from  Latin  nouns  of  the  class  alluded  to,  by  simply  dropping  the  -is  of  the 
genitive ; as,  motio , gen.  motion-is , “ motion ;”  tensio , gen.  tension-is , “ tension,”  &c. 


VI.  Latin  nouns  having  the  nominative  in  -us  or  -u,  and  the  genitive  like  the 
nominative,  are  said  to  be  of  the  fourth  declension:  e.g.  nom.  a'cus,  a “needle;” 
gen.  a'cus,  “of  a needle.”  Some  grammarians  suppose  that  the  original  form 
of  the  genitive  was  -uis,  and  that  this  was  afterwards  contracted  into  -us.  Be 
this  as  it  may,  it  is  usual,  in  order  to  mark  the  difference  between  the  nomina- 
tive and  genitive,  to  write  the  latter  with  a circumflex  accent,  which  is  a common 
668 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


sign  of  contraction:  e.g.  nom.  due' tun,  a “duct;”  gen.  due' tits,  “of  a duct.”  So  we 
have — nom.  cor’nua  flo’rida , gen.  cor'nfis  flo'ridse;  nom.  quer’eus  alba,  gen.  quer’eus 
al'bse,  etc. : hence  the  terms  decoc'tum  cor'nds  flo'ridse  (“  decoction  of  dogwood”), 
decoc'tum  quer'eus  al'bse  (“  decoction  of  white  oak  [bark]”).  Nouns  of  this  class 
form  the  ablative  in  -u,  the  nominative  plural  in  -us,  and  the  genitive  plural  in 
-unm:  thus,  a'cus,  a “needle,”  has  in  the  ablative  a'cn,  “in,  with,  from,  or  by  a 
needle;”  nom  pi.  a'cus , “needles;”  gen.  pi.  ac'uum,  “of  needles;”  duc'tus,  a 
“duct;”  abl.  duc'tu,  “with  a duct;”  nom.  pi.  duc’tus,  “ducts;”  gen.  pi.  duc'tuum, 
“of  ducts,”  etc  Nouns  having  the  nominative  singular  in  -u,  are  of  the  neuter 
gender,  and  have  the  same  termination  in  all  the  cases  of  the  singular.  Like  all 
neuter  nouns  of  whatever  declension,  they  form  their  plural  in  -a:  e.g.  ge'nu,  a 
“knee;”  gen.  ge'uu  or  ge'niis,  “of  a knee;”  abl.  ge'nu,  “with  a knee;”  nom.  pi. 
gen'ua , “knees,”  gen.  pi  gen’uum,  * of  knees.”  Cor’nu  (a  “horn”)  is  declined  in 
precisely  the  same  manner:  hence  we  have  the  terms  cor’nu  cer'vi,  “hart’s  horn;” 
cor'nua  u'teri,  “horns  of  the  uterus;”  gen'ua  val'ga,  “crooked  or  distorted 
knees,”  etc. 


List  of  the  most  important  Nouns  of  the  Fourth  Declension* 


Abor'tus. 

Cor'nu  (neut.). 

Gus'tus. 

Pas'sus. 

Si'tus. 

Absces'sus. 

Cor'nus  (f.). 

llab'itus. 

Plex'us. 

Spir'itus. 

A'cus. 

Cu'bitus. 

Hal'itus. 

Po'tus. 

Subsul'tue. 

Afflux'us. 

Decu'bitus. 

Haus'tus. 

Proces'sus. 

Tac'tus. 

Apparatus. 

Descen'sus. 

Ic'tus. 

Prolap'sus. 

Tinni'tus. 

Aquaeduc'tus. 

Duc'tus. 

Lu'sus. 

Pul'sus. 

Trac'tus. 

Ar'cus. 

Fki'tus. 

Ma'nus. 

Quer'eus  (f.). 

Tran'situs. 

Ascen'sus. 

Flux'us. 

Mo'tus. 

Ri'sus. 

Vic'tus. 

Audi'tus. 

Fce'tus. 

Ni'sus. 

Sen'sus. 

Vi's  us. 

Co'itus. 

Fruc'tus. 

Olfac'tus. 

Sex'us. 

Vom'itus. 

Congres'sus. 

Ge'nu  (neut.). 

Par'tus. 

Si'nus. 

Vul'tus. 

It  may  be  observed  that  all  Latin  nouns  ending  in  -us,  and  derived  from  the 
supine  of  a verb  by  simply  changing  -m  to  -s,  are  of  the  fourth  declension  and 
masculine  gender:  e.g.  audi’tus,  “hearing”  [from  au'dio,  audi'tum,  to  “hear”]; 
duc'tus , a “duct,”  or  “canal”  [from  du'eo,  duc'tum , to  “lead,”  to  “convey”];  ic’tus, 
a “stroke”  [from  i'co,  ic'tum,  to  “strike”];  par’tus,  “parturition”  [from  pa'rio, 
par' turn,  to  “bring  forth”];  pas'sus,  a “step”  (t.e.  an  “opening”  or  “extension 
of  the  legs”)  [from  pan’ do,  pan’ sum  or  pas' sum,  to  “open,”  “expand,”  or  “ex- 


Examples  of  Nouns  of  the  Fourth  Declension , declined  in  full. 


Fructus, 

Singular. 

Nom.  Fruc'tns,  fruit. 

Gen.  Fruc'tus,  of  fruit 
Dat.  Fruc'tui.  to  or  for  fruit. 

Acc.  Fruc'tmn,  fruit. 

Voc.  Fruc'tus,  fruit. 

Abl.  Fruc'tu,  in,  with,  or  by  fruit. 

Cornu, 

Nom.  Cor'nu,  a horn. 

Gen.  Cor'nfts  or  Cor'nu,*  of  a horn. 

Dat.  Cor'nu,  to  or  for  a horn. 

Acc.  Cor'nu,  a horn. 

Voc.  Cor'nu,  horn. 

Abl.  Cor'nu,  in,  ivith,  or  by  a horn. 


fruit  (masc.). 

Plural. 

N om.  Fruc'tus,  fruits. 

Gen.  Fruc'tuum,  of  fruits. 

Dat.  Fruc'tibus,  to  or  far  fruits. 

Acc.  Fruc'tus,  fruits. 

Voc.  Fruc'tus,  fruits. 

Abl.  Fruc'tibus,  in,  with,  or  by  fruits. 

horn  (neut.). 

Nom.  Cor'nua,  horns. 

Gen.  Cor'nuum,  of  horns. 

Dat.  Cor'nibus,  to  or  for  horns. 

Acc.  Cor'nua,  horns. 

Xoc.  Cor'nua,  horns. 

Abl.  Cor'nibus,  in,  with,  or  by  horns. 


* Always  cor'nu  in  medical  phrases:  e.g.  rasu'rse  cor'nu  cer'vi  (not  cor' nils  cer'vi),  “shavings 
of  hartshorn.” 


57 


669 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


tend”];  plex'us,  a “ knitting  together,”  a “network”  [from  plec'to,  plex’um,  to 
“knit,”  to  “intertwine”];  po’tua,  a “drink,”  or  “drinking”  [from  po'to,  pota’tum 
or  po'tum,  to  “drink”],  etc.  etc.* 

VII.  Latin  nouns  having  the  nominative  in  -es  and  the  genitive  in  -e’i  are  of 
the  fifth  declension.  They  form  the  ablative  in  -c,  the  nominative  plural  like  the 
nominative  singular,  the  genitive  plural  in  - e’rum , and  the  ablative  plural  in  -e'bua: 
e.g.  nom.  di'es , a “day;”  gen.  die'i,  “of  a day;”  abl.  di'e,  “in  a day;”  nom.  pi. 
di'es , “days;”  gen.  die' rum,  “of  days;”  abl.  pi.  die' bus,  “in,  on,  or  with  days:” 
so,  nom.  rea , a “thing;”  gen.  re’i,  abl.  re,  nom.  pi.  res,  gen.  pi.  re' rum,  abl.  pi. 
re’bua , etc.  etc.:  hence  the  phrases,  alter’ nis  die'bua,  “on  alternate  days;”  re' rum 
natu'ra,  the  “nature  of  things;”  res  con'tra  natu'ram , “things  against  nature,”  etc. 
Nouns  of  the  fifth  declension  are  feminine,  excepting  dies,  a “day,”  which  is 
usually  masculine, f but  sometimes  feminine.  See  examples  given  below. 


List  of  Nouns  of  the  Fifth  Declension, 


A'cies. 

Ca'ries. 

Gla'cies. 

Proflu'vies. 

Balbu'ties. 

Di'es. 

Inglu'vies. 

Ra'bies. 

Calvi'ties. 

Fa'cies. 

Ma'cies. 

Res. 

Cani'ties. 

Fi'des. 

Molli'ties. 

Sa'nies. 

Sca'bies. 

Spe'cies. 

Spes. 

Superfic'ies. 


Indeclinable  Nouns. 

Some  Pharmacopoeia!  (Latinized)  names  are  indeclinable : that  is  to  say,  the  termi- 
nation remains  the  same  through  all  the  cases:  e.g.  nom.  Mati'co , gen.  Mati'co , etc. : 
hence  the  phrase,  In/n'aum  Mati’co , “infusion  of  matico:”|;  so  Al'cohol , Azed'arach, 
Bu'chu  (or  Buc’co ),  Cat'echu , Gus’so  (or  Koo8r8o),  El'emi,  Ki’no , Sa’go , Sas' sa/raa, 
etc.  Accordingly,  we  have  Tinctu'ra  Bu'chu , Tinctu'ra  Cat'echu,  XJnguen' turn  El’emi, 
Tinctu’ra  Kino,  etc.  The  gender  of  the  greater  number  of  these  nouns  would 
seem  to  be  undetermined;  it  is  important,  however,  to  observe  that  Alcohol  is 
always  neuter;  therefore  we  must  say,  Al'cohol  Dilu’tum,  Al'cohol  For'tius,  etc., 
not  Al'cohol  Dilu’tus  or  For'tior. 


Nouns  of  the  Fifth  Declension , declined  in  full. 


Singular. 

Nom.  Di'es,  a day. 

Gen.  Die'i,  of  a day. 

Dat.  Die'i,  to  a day. 

Acc.  Di'em,  a day. 

Yoc.  Di'es,  day. 

Abl.  Di'e,  in,  with,  or  by  a day. 
Nom.  Res,  a thing. 

Gen.  Re'i,  of  a thing. 

Dat.  Re'i,  to  a thing. 

Acc.  Rem,  a thing. 

Yoc.  Res,  thing. 

Abl.  Re,  in,  with,  or  by  a thing. 


Plural. 

Nom.  Di'es,  days. 

Gen.  Die'rum,  of  days. 

Dat.  Die'bus,  to  days. 

Acc.  Di'es,  days. 

Voc.  Di'es,  days. 

Abl.  Die'bus,  in,  with , or  by  days. 
Nom.  Res,  things. 

Gen.  Re'rum,  of  things. 

Dat.  Re'bus,  to  things. 

Acc.  Res,  things. 

Voc.  Res,  things. 

Abl.  Re'bus,  in,  with,  or  by  things. 


* Hence  the  phrases  ma'nia  a po'tu,  “ madness  from  drinking;”  in  par'tu,  “ in  parturition 
in  si'tu , “in  situation;”  in  tran'situ , “in  passage;”  pa'ri  pas'su,  “with  an  equal  step  or 
pace,” — that  is,  “ proceeding  side  by  side.” 

f In  stating  that  dies  is  usually  masculine,  it  is  simply  meant  that  the  Roman  authors  com- 
monly join  it  with  a masculine  adjective.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  observe  that  this,  like  all 
other  questions  relating  to  language,  is  to  be  decided  by  the  usage  of  the  best  writers  or  speakers. 
As  an  illustration  of  the  power  of  usage,  it  may  be  remarked  that  in  English  the  sun , in 
poetical  language,  is  always  masculine,  the  moon  always  feminine;  and  any  one  would  be 
laughed  at  who  should  speak  of  the  sun  as  “she”  or  the  moon  as  “ he.”  \ret  in  German  the 
moon  is  always  masculine  and  the  sun  always  feminine.  The  onlj'  explanation  to  be  given 
is  that  the  usage  of  the  language  has  made  it  so. 

X Mati'ca,  however,  the  Pharmacopteial  name  of  the  same  substance  (according  to  the  British 
Pharmacopoeia),  is  declinable,  and  belongs  to  the  first  declension,  making  the  genitive  in  -as: 
as,  Infusum  Maticse,  Tinctura  Matica-,  etc. 

670 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Adjectives. 

Latin  adjectives  may  be  divided  into  two  great  classes,  namely,  those  of  the  first 
and  second  declensions,  and  those  of  the  third  declension. 

VIII.  Adjectives  of  the  first  class  have  the  masculine  in  -us,  the  feminine  in  -a, 
and  the  neuter  in  -um,  the  feminine  corresponding  exactly  to  nouns  of  the  first 
declension;  the  masculine  and  neuter  corresponding  to  nouns  of  the  second  declen- 
sion in  -us  and  -um  respectively.  Accordingly,  if  an  adjective  of  this  class — take 
la'tus,  “broad,”  for  example — is  to  be  joined  to  a masculine  noun,  it  retains  its 
first  termination  in  -us  (the  usual  form  in  which  such  words  are  given  in  the  dic- 
tionaries); if  to  a feminine  noun,  -its  must  be  changed  into-«y  if  to  a neuter  noun, 
into  -um : hence  we  have  mus' cuius  la'tus,  a “broad  muscle;”  fas' era  la'ta,  a 
“broad  fascia;”  ligamen'tum  la' turn,  a “broad  ligament;”  because  runs' cuius  is 
masculine,  fas'cia,  feminine,  and  ligamen'tum,  neuter.  The  cases  of  the  adjec- 
tives, both  singular  and  plural,  are  in  these  examples  formed  precisely  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  nouns  to  which  they  are  joined.  Accordingly  we  have  in  the 


Genitive : 

Mus'culi  la'ti , “ of  the  broad  muscle.” 

Fas'cise.  la'tse , “ of  the  broad  fascia.” 

Ligamen'ti  la'ti , “ of  the  broad  ligament.” 

Ablative : 

Mus'culo  la'to,  “with  or  in  the  broad 
muscle.” 

Fas'cid  la'td , “with  or  in  the  broad  fas- 
cia.” 

Ligamen'to  la'to,  “with  or  in  the  broad 
ligament.” 

In  like  manner,  if  the  noun  should  be  < 
changes  so  as  to  correspond  in  gender  an< 
does  not  change  according  to  the  declension) 


Nominative  plural : 

Mus'culi  la'ti,  “ broad  muscles.” 

Fas'cise  la'tse , “ broad  fasciae.” 

Ligamen'ta  la'ta,  “ broad  ligaments.” 

Genitive  plural : 

Musculo'rum  lato'rum,  “ of  the  broad  mus- 
cles.” 

Fascia'rum  lata'rum,  “of  the  broad  fas- 
ciae.” 

Ligamento'rum  lato'rum,  “of  the  broad 
ligaments.” 

the  third  declension,  the  adjective 
case  as  well  as  number  (though  it 


Nominative  singular : 

Ten' do  la'tus,  a “ broad  tendon.” 

Cartila'go  la'ta,  a “ broad  cartilage.” 

Os  la'tum,  a “ broad  bone.” 

Genitive : 

Ten'dinis  la'ti , “of  a broad  tendon.” 
Cartilag'inis  la'tse , “ of  a broad  cartilage.” 
Os'sis  la'ti,  “ of  a broad  bone.” 

Ablative : 

Ten' dine,  la'to,  “ with  or  in  a broad  tendon.” 
Gartilag'ine  la'td , “with  or  in  a broad 
cartilage.” 

Os'se  la'to,  “ with  or  in  a broad  bone.” 


Nominative  plural : 

Ten'dines  la'ti,  “ broad  tendons.” 
Cartilag'ines  la'tse,  “ broad  cartilages.” 
Os'sa  la'ta,  “ broad  bones.” 

Genitive  plural : 

Ten'dinum  lato'rum , “ of  broad  tendons.” 
Cartilag'inum  lata'rum , “of  broad  carti- 
lages.” 

Os'sium  lato'rum,  “ of  broad  bones.” 
Ablative  plural  : 

Tendin'ibus  la'tis,  “ with  broad  tendons.” 
Cartilagin'ibus  la'tis,  “with  broad  carti- 
lages.” 

Os'sibus  la'tis,  “ with  broad  bones.” 


List  of  the  most  important  Adjectives  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions. 


Acera'ceus,  resembling 
the  maple. 

Acer'bus,  harsh. 
Acet'icus,  acetic. 
Ag'idus,  acid. 

Acti'vus,  active. 
iE'quus,  equal. 
Aera'tus  (part.*),  aer- 
ated. 

ASthe'reus,  ethereal. 


Africa'nus,  A frican. 

Ai'dicus  (or  AS'dicus), 
pertaining  to  the  pu- 
denda. 

Al'bus,  white. 

Al'gidus,  cold,  or  chill- 
ed with  cold. 

Ama'rus,  bitter. 

America'nus,  Ameri- 
can. 


Amoe'nus,  pleasant. 

Ariel  la'tus,  having 

small  rings. 

An'glicus,  English. 

Annula'tus,  annulat- 
ed,  having  rings. 

Anseri'nus,  of  or  per- 
taining to  a goose. 

Anti'cus,  anterior. 

Anti'quus,  ancient. 


Antisep'ticus,  antisep- 
tic. 

Aquo'sus,  aqueous. 

Ar'duus,  difficult,  ar- 
duous. 

Ar'idus,  arid,  dry. 

Articula'tus,  articu- 
lated. 

Asiat'icus,  Asiatic. 

Aton'icus,  atonic. 


* Part.,  an  abbreviation  for  “ participle.’ 


671 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Bo'nus,  good. 

Bovi'nus,  of  or  per- 
taining to  an  ox. 

Brevis'siinus,  shortest. 

Calcina'tus  (part.), 
calcined. 

Cal'idus,  ivarm. 

Cal'vus,  bald. 

Cau 'did  us,  white. 

Cani'nus,  canine. 

Ca'nus,  hoary  or  white. 

Carbon'icus,  carbonic. 

Caus'ticns,  caustic. 

Ca'vus,  hollow. 

Cenot'icus,  pertaining 
to  evacuations. 

Chem'icus,  chemical. 

Cinchona'cens,  resem- 
bling the  Cinchona. 

Ciue'reus,  ash-colored. 

Cinet'icus,  pertaining 
to  motion , or  to  the 
muscles. 

Cla'rus,  clear. 

Clin'icus,  clinic. 

Clusia'ceus,  resembling 
the  Clusia. 

Coeli'acus,  coeliac. 

Coniplex'us  (part.), 
complicated,  complex. 

Compos'itus  (part.), 
compound. 

Con'cavus,  concave. 

Conci'sus  (part.), 
sliced , or  cut  into 
small  pieces. 

Contu'sus  (part.), 
bruised. 

Con  vox 'us,  convex. 

Corda'tus,  cordate. 

Corrosi'vus,  corrosive. 

Crit'icus,  critical. 

Crucif'erus,  cross- 
bearing,  or  bearing 
flowers  having  the 
form  of  a cross. 

Crystal! i'uus,  crystal- 
line. 

Cur'vus,  crooked. 

Cuta'iieus,  cutaneous. 

DoQ'imus,  tenth. 

Demnla'tus  (part  ),  de- 
nuded. 

Depura'tus  (part.),2>w- 
rifled. 

Diffu'sus  (part.),  dif- 
fuse, diffused. 

Dil  u'tus  (part.),  dilute, 
diluted. 

Diptera'ceus,  resem- 


bling the  Diptero- 
carpus. 

Dissoc'tus  (part.),  dis- 
sected. 

Diur'nus,  diurnal. 
Domes'ticus,  domestic. 
Dras'ticus,  drastic. 
Du'rus,  hard. 
Dynam'icus,  dynamic. 
Eolec'ticus,  eclectic. 
Elas'tieus,  elastic. 
Elec'trieus,  electric. 
Epidem'ieus,  epidemic. 
Equi'nus,  equine. 

! Ennli'tus  (part.),  in- 
structed, learned. 
Europae'us,  European. 
Y&Ysws,  false. 
Farino'sus,  mealy. 

Fo  b rifugu  s.  febrifuge. 
Feli'uus,  feline. 
Finit'imus,  neighbor- 
ing. 

Fix 'us  (part .),  fixed. 
Fla'vus,  yellow. 

Flor'id  us,  flowery. 
Flu'idus, 

Foet'idus,  stinking. 
Ful'vus,  tawny. 

Fu'sus,  fused. 
Gal'licus,  French. 

Gal  van 'ic  us,  galvanic. 
Gas'tricus,  gastric. 
Geni'inus,  double. 
Gener'icus,  generic. 
Glau'cus,  gray  or  glau- 
cous. 

Gramina'ceus,  resem- 
bling grass. 

Gra'tus,  pleasing,  pa- 
latable. 

Grav'idus,  pregnant. 
Haemat'icus,  hmnatic. 
Ilec'ticus,  hectic. 
Ilepat'icus,  hepatic. 
Huma'nus,  human. 
Hyber'mis,  wintry. 
Idiopatli'icus,  idio- 

pathic. 

Ili'aeus,  iliac. 
Imagina'rius,  imagin- 
ary. 

Iinpu'rus,  impure. 
Iu'dicus,  Indian,  or  be- 
longing to  India. 
Inflam  ma'tus,  in- 

flamed. 

Inuomina'tus,  un- 

named. 

Insa'uus,  insane. 


Inten'sus,  intense. 
Inval'idus,  invalid. 
Involunta'rius,  invo- 
luntary. 

Iod'icus,  iodic. 
Irida'ceus,  resembling 
the.  Iris. 

Isomor'phus,  isomor- 
phous. 

Lac'ticus,  lactic. 
Lar'gus,  broad  or  large. 
Latis'simus,  broadest. 
La'tus,  broad. 
Laura'ceus,  resembling 
the.  Laurus. 

Lax'us,  loose. 
Lilia'ceus,  resembling 
the  lily. 

Liq'uidus.  liquid. 
Liv'idus,  livid. 
Loba'tus,  lobed. 
Longis'simus,  longest. 
Lon'gus,  long. 

Lo'tus  (part.),  washed. 
Lu'eidus,  lucid. 
Lymphat'icus,  lym- 
phatic. 

Ma  griet'icus,  magnetic. 
Mag'nus,  great. 
Mal'icus,  malic. 
Ma'lns,  evil,  bad. 
Malva'ceus,  resem- 
bling the  Malva. 
Mari t'inius,  maritime. 
Mas'culns,  masculine. 
Matu'rus,  mature. 
Max'imus,  greatest. 
Modia'nus,  median. 
Mod'icus,  medical. 
Min'imus,  least. 
Mor'bidus,  morbid. 
Mul'tus,  many. 

M uriat'icus,  muriatic. 
Myrta'ceus,  resem- 
bling the.  myrtle. 
Narcot'icus,  narcotic. 
Nervo'sus,  nervous. 
Nourot'icus,  neurotic. 
Ni'tricus,  nitric. 
Noctur'nus,  nocturnal. 
No'uus,  ninth. 

No'vus,  new. 
Obli'quus,  oblique.. 
Obscu'rus,  obscure. 
Occul'tus,  occult. 
Octa'vus,  eighth. 
Odo'rus,  odorous,  fra- 
grant. 

Olea'ceus,  resembling 
the  Olea  {olive). 


Opa'cus,  opaque. 

Op'ticus,  optic,  optical , 

Op'timus,  best. 

Orchida'cous,  resent, 
bfing  the  Orchis. 

Organ'icus,  organic. 

Oxal'icus,  oxalic. 

Pal'lidus,  pallid,  pale. 

Papa ve ra 'co  u s , resent' 
bling  the  poppy 

Parotide'us,  parotid. 

Parti 'tus  (part.),  di- 
vided. 

Par'vus,  small . 

Pathet'icus,  pathetic. 

Pau'cus,  plu.  Paa'ci, 
few 

Pellu'cidus,  pellucid. 

Perac'tus  (part.),  fin- 
ished or  completed. 

Perfora'tus  (part.), 
perforated. 

Peristal't-icus,  peri- 
staltic. 

Perona?'us,  peroneal. 

Phospbor'icus,  phos- 
phoric. 

Phys'icus,  physical. 

Pi 'ecus,  of  pitch. 

Pinna'tus,  pinnate. 

Pla'nus,  plane, flat. 

Pneumat'icus,  pneu- 
matic. 

P n eu  mon'icus,  pneu- 
monic. 

Poma'ceus,  resembling 
the  apple. 

Posti'cus,  posterior. 

Pnecipita'tus  (part.), 
precipitated. 

Prmpara'tus  (part.), 
prepared. 

Praescrip'tus  (part.), 
prescribed  or  direct- 
ed. 

Pri'nius , first. 

Profun'dus,  deep,  pro- 
found. 

Pulmou'icus,  pulmo- 
nic. 

Purifica'tus  (part.), 
purified. 

Purpu'reus,  purple. 

Pu'rus,  pure. 

Pyroc'ticus,  relating  to 
pyrexia. 

Qnadra'tus,  square. 

Quan'tus,  as  much  as. 

Quarta'nus,  quartan. 

Quar'tus,  fourth. 


Example  of  an  Adjective  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions  ending  in  -us,  declined  in  full. 


Singular. 

Plural. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Ncut. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom. 

La'tus, 

la'ta, 

la'tum  (broad). 

Nom. 

La'ti, 

la'ta?, 

la'ta. 

Gen. 

La'ti, 

la'tae, 

la'ti. 

Gen. 

Lato'rum, 

lata'rum, 

lato'rum. 

Bat. 

La'to, 

la'tae, 

la'to. 

Dat. 

La'tis, 

la'tis, 

la'tis. 

Acc. 

La'tum, 

la'tam, 

la'tum. 

Ace. 

La'tos, 

la'tas, 

la'ta. 

Voc. 

La'te, 

la'ta, 

la'tum. 

Voc. 

La'ti, 

la'tae, 

la'ta. 

Abl. 

La'to, 

la'ta, 

la'to. 

Abl. 

La'tis, 

la'tis, 

la'tis. 

In  like  manner  are  declined  all  adjectives  and  participles  ending  in  -us,  ex  epting  u'nus , 
a'lius  (“other”),  nul'lus,  so'lus,  to'tus,  and  ul'lus.  See  page  676. 

672 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Quin'tu  s,  fifth. 

Quotidia'nus,  daily. 

Rab'idus,  rabid. 

Ranuneula'eeus,  re- 
sembling the  Ranun- 
culus. 

Recti  fica'tus  (part.), 
rectified. 

Ree'tus,  straight. 

lledac'tus  (part.),  re- 
duced. 

Reflex'us  (part.),  re- 
flected, reflexed,  or 
reflex. 

Rlieumat'icus,  rheu- 
matic. 

Rig'idus,  rigid. 

Rotuu'dus,  round. 

Sali'nus,  saline. 

Saliva'rins,  salivary. 

Sanguin'eus,  sanguine- 
ous. 

Sa'nus,  sound,  sane. 

Sati'vus,  cultivated. 


Scnle'nus,  scalene. 
Sciat'icus,  sciatic. 
Sclerot'icus,  sclerotic. 
Secre'tus,  secreted. 
Secun'dus.  second. 
Sedati'vus,  sedative. 
Sep'ticus,  septic. 
Sep'timus,  seventh. 
Serra'tus,  serrate. 
Scx'tus,  sixth. 

Sic'cus,  dry. 

Sol'idus,  solid. 

Sol'itus.  usual. 

Somnif 'erus,  sleep-pro- 
ducing. 

Spasniod'icus,  spas- 
modic. 

Spermat'icus,  sper- 
matic. 

Spino'sus,  thorny. 
Spouta'neus,  sponta- 
neous. 

Spu'rius,  spurious. 
Sublima'tus  (part.), 


sublimed  or  subli- 
mated. 

Sulphu'ricus,  sul- 
phuric. 

Sur'dus,  deaf. 

Sympathet'icus,  sym- 
pathetic. 

Tan'tus,  so  much. 

Tep'idus,  tepid. 

Tertia'nus,  tertian. 

Ter'tius,  third. 

ThoraQ'icus,  thoracic. 

T'mcto'r'xws,  pertaining 
to  dyers,  or  dyeing. 

Transver'sus,  trans- 
verse. 

Trigem'inus,  triple. 

Ul'timus,  last,  final. 

Us'tus  (part.),  burnt  or 
calcined. 

Val'idus,  valid,  strong. 

Va'nus,  vain. 

Va'rius,  vanous. 

Va'rus,  bow-legged. 


Yencna'tus,  envenomed 
Vertebra'tus,  verte- 
brated. 

Ve'rus,  true. 
Vesicato'rius,  causing 
blisters. 

Yirginia'nus,  Virgin- 
ian. 

Adjectives  in  -er. 

iE'ger,  sick. 

As'pcr,  rough. 

Cre'ber,  frequent. 
Gla'ber,  smooth. 
In'teger,  vjhole,  entire 
La'cer,  torn,  lacerated 
Ma'cer,  lean. 

Ni'ger,  black. 
Pul'clier,  beautiful. 
Ru'ber,  red. 

Sa'cer,  sacred. 

Sca'ber,  rough. 

Te'uer,  tender. 


IX.  Adjectives  of  the  third  declension  are  generally  declined  in  all  respects  like 
nouns  of  the  third  declension  having  the  same  termination  and  gender:  thus,  adjec- 
tives in  -is  (as  mi'tis,  “mild”)  are  declined  like  cri'nis,  except  that  they  have  the 
ablative  singular  in  -i ; those  in  -e,  like  re'te ; those  in  -ns  ( e.g . ar'dens , “burning”), 
like  dens ; those  in  -ex  (as  sim’ple. r,  “simple”),  like  a'pex,  etc.  (See  page  665.) 

This  class  of  adjectives  may  be  conveniently  subdivided  into  two  sections: 
1.  Those  ending  in  -is  having  the  neuter  in  -e : as,  abdomina'lis , “abdominal;” 
labia' lis,  “labial;”  orbicula'ris,  “circular,”  etc.  2.  Those  terminating  in  two  con- 
sonants: as,  astrin'gens  (“astringent”),  ser'pens  (“creeping”),  medica'trix * (“heal- 
ing”), etc. 

X.  Those  of  the  first  section  have  the  masculine  and  feminine  alike,  with  the 


Example  of  an  Adjective  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions  in  -er,  declined  in  full,  f 


Masc. 

Singular. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom. 

Ru'ber, 

ru'bra, 

ru'brum  (red). 

Gen. 

Ru'bri, 

ru'bra?, 

ru'bri. 

Dat. 

Ru'bro, 

ru'bra?, 

ru'bro. 

Aec. 

Ru'brum, 

ru'bram, 

ru'brum. 

Voe. 

Ru'ber, 

ru'bra, 

ru'brum. 

Abl. 

Ru'bro, 

ru'bra, 

ru'bro. 

Plural. 

Masc.  Fern.  Neut. 

Nom.  Ru'bri,  ru'bra?,  ru'bra. 

Gen.  Rubro'rum,  rubra'rum,  rubro'rura. 


Dat. 

Ru'bris, 

ru'bris, 

ru'bris. 

Arc. 

Ru'bros, 

ru'bras, 

ru'bra. 

Yoc. 

Ru'bri, 

ru'bra?, 

ru'bra. 

Abl. 

Ru'bris, 

ru'bris, 

ru'bris. 

Example  of  an  Adjective  of  the  Third  Declension , declined  in  full. 


Singular.  Plural. 

Masc.  Fein.  Neut.  Masc.  Fem.  Neut. 


Nom.  Mi'tis, 

mi'tis, 

mi'tc  (mild). 

Nom.  Mi'tes, 

mi'tes, 

mitia  (mish'e-a). 

Gen 

Mi'tis, 

mi'tis, 

mi'tis. 

Gen. 

Mit'ium, 

mit'ium, 

mit'ium  (rnish'e- 
iim). 

Dat. 

Mi'ti, 

mi'ti, 

mi'ti. 

Dat. 

Mit'ibus, 

mit'ibus, 

mit'ibus. 

Acc. 

Mi 'tern, 

mi'tem, 

mi'te. 

Acc. 

Mi'tes, 

mi'tes, 

mit'ia. 

Yoc. 

Mi'tis, 

mi'tis, 

mi'te. 

Yoc. 

Mi'tes, 

mi'tes, 

mit'ia. 

Abl. 

Mi'ti, 

mi'ti, 

mi'ti. 

Abl. 

Mit'ibus, 

mit'ibus, 

mit'ibus. 

* X is  properly  a double  consonant,  being  composed  of  cs  (or  ks ).  Compare  the  English 
word  small-pox,  formerly  written  small  pocks. 

f In  like  mauner  are  declined  nearly  all  adjectives  in  -er ; but  as'per,  la'cer,  and  te'ner 
take  an  additional  syllable  in  the  feminine  and  neuter  gender,  and  in  the  cases  after  the  nomi- 
native : as,  laf'era,  lap'erum,  lae'eri,  etc.  (not  lac'ra,  lac' rum).  For  Al'ter,  see  page  676. 

57*  673 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


genitive  like  the  nominative  masculine  (or  feminine),  the  neuter  nominative  end- 
ing always  in  -e.  These  adjectives  are  very  numerous,  and  are  constantly  met  with 
in  anatomical  and  botanical  names:  as,  carun'cula  (f.)  lachryma' lis,  the  “lachrymal 
caruncle ;”  mus' cuius  (m.)  orbicula'ris,  or  simply  orbicula'ris,  the  “circular  mus- 
cle;” os  (n.)  orbicula’re,  “orbicular  hone;”  os  lachryma* le , “lachrymal  bone;” 
Sanguina'ria  (f.)  Canaden' sis  (“ bloodroot”),  As* arum  (n.)  Canaden’ se  (“Canada 
snakeroot,  or  wild  ginger”).  It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  examples  that 
adjectives  in  -is  are  applied  indifferently  to  masculine  and  feminine  nouns,  but  if 
applied  to  neuter  nouns  the  termination  changes  to  -e. 


List  of  the  most  important  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension, 


Abdomina'lis,  abdom- 
inal. 

Abnor'mis,  abnormal. 

Aborig'enis,  abori- 

ginal. 

Acau'lis,  stemless. 

Accidenta'lis,  acci- 
dental. 

Accli'vis,  sloping  up- 
wards. 

A'cris,  sharp. 

Agres'tis,  belonging  to 
a field,  growing  in 
the  fields. 

Ala'ris,  wing-like. 

Albuminen'sis,  per- 
taining to  albumen , 
containing  albumen. 

Alluvia'lis,  alluvial. 

Angula'ris,  angular. 

Aniina'lis,  animal. 

Annula'ris,  annular. 

Antifebri'lis,  antifeb- 
rile. 

Aroifor'mis,  arciform. 

Areola'ris,  areolar. 

Armilla'ris,  armillary. 

Arsenica'lis,  arsenical. 

Arteria'lis,  arterial. 

Articula'ris,  articu- 
lar. 

Arven'sis,  growing  in 
fields. 

Auricula'ris,  auricu- 
lar. 

Austra'lis,  southern. 

Axilla'ris,  axillary. 

Bilia'ris,  biliary. 

Borea'lis,  northern. 

Brachia'lis,  brachial. 

Br  e'vis,  short. 

Bron  chia'lis,  bron- 
chial. 

Bul'liens,  boiling. 

Campes'tris,  growing 
in  a plain. 

Canarlen'sis,  Canadian. 

Capilla'ris,  capillary. 

Capita'lis,  belonging  to 
the.  head , capital. 

Castren'sis,  of  camps. 

Cauda'lis,  caudal. 

Cellula'ris,  cellular. 

Centra'lis,  central. 

Cerea'lfc,  cereal. 

Cerebra'lis,  cerebral. 

Cervica'lis,  cervical. 

674 


Chinen-sis.  Chinese. 
CiliaTis,  ciliary. 
Columna'ris,  columnar 
Coinmu'nis,  common. 
Con'color  (gen.  Con- 
colo'ris),  of  one  ( or 
the  same ) color. 
Contrac'tilis,  contract- 
ile. 

Cordia'lis,  cordial. 
Corona'lis,  coronal. 
Corpuscula'ris,  cor- 
puscular. 

Cortiea'lis,  cortical. 
Costa'lis,  costal. 
Crania'lis,  cranial. 
Crura'li s,  crural. 
Decli'vis,  descending. 
Denta'lis,  dental . 
Digita'lis,  digital. 
Dorsa'lis,  dorsal. 

Due 'til  is,  ductile. 
Dul'cis,  sweet. 
Ebul'lieus,  boiling. 
Erec'tilis,  erectile. 
Exuvia'lis,  exuvial. 
Facia'lis,  facial. 
Fascia'lis,  fascial. 
Febri'lis,  febrile. 
Femora'lis,  femoral. 
Fer'tilis,  fertile. 
Fer'vens,  hot , or  boil- 
ing. 

Filifor'mis.ydi/onn. 
Fis'silis,yissi7<?. 
Flex'ilis  .flexile. 
Flora'lis,  jdoraZ. 
Fluvia'lis,  yZimaZ. 
Fluviat'ilis,  fluvialile. 
Fceta'lis , fetal. 

Fos'sil  is, /ossiZ. 

Frag'il  is,  fragile. 
Fronta'Iis,  frontal. 
Genita'lis,  genital. 
Gra§'ilis,  slender , soft. 
Gran'dis,  great. 
Gramila'ris,  granular . 
Gra'vis,  heavy , severe. 
IRema'lis,  hsemal. 
Ilorizonta'lis,  horizon- 
tal. 

Humera'lis,  humeral. 
Ilumora'lis,  humoral. 
Hyema'lis,  wintry. 
Imbe^'ilis,  imbecile. 
Immob'ilis,  immova- 
ble. 


Iner'mis,  unarmed. 

Infanti'lis,  infantile. 

Inflaniinab'ilis,  in- 
flammable. 

Infraniaxilla'ris,  in- 
framaxillary. 

Infrascapula'ris,  in- 
frascapular. 

I ugu i n a'lis,  inguinal. 

Intercal'aris,  intercal- 
ary. 

Intercosta'lis,  inter- 
costal. 

Interspina'lis,  inter- 
spinal. 

Interstitial  is,  inter- 
stitial 

Intervertebra'lis,  in- 
tervertebral. 

Intestina'lis,  intes- 
tinal. 

J ugulaTis,  jugular. 

Labia'lis,  labial. 

Lachryma'lis,  lachry- 
mal. 

Lactea'lis,  lacteal. 

Larva'lis,  larval. 

Latera'lis,  lateral. 

Letha'lis,  lethal. 

Linea'ris,  linear. 

Littora'lis,  littoral. 

Lobula'ris,  lobular. 

Loca'lis,  local. 

LoculaTis,  locular. 

Lumba'ris,  lumbar. 

Luna'ris,  lunar. 

Magistra'lis,  magis- 
tral. 

Mala'ris,  malar. 

Marnmilla'ris,  mam- 
millary. 

MaiulibulaTis,  man- 
dibular. 

Margina'lis,  marginal. 

Maxilla'ris,  maxillary. 

Medicina'lis,  medi- 

cinal. 

Medulla'ris,  medul- 
lary. 

Menstrua'lis,  men- 

strual. 

Menta'lis,  mental. 

Mercuria'lis,  mercu- 
rial. 

Meridionals,  merid- 
ional. 

Minera'lis,  mineral. 


Mi'tis,  mild. 

Mola'ris,  molar. 

Mulie'bris,  pertaining 
to  women,  female. 

Multicau'lis,  having 
many  stems. 

Muscula'ris,  muscular. 

Nasa'lis.  nasal. 

Natura'lis,  natural. 

Neura'lis,  neural. 

Neutra'lis,  neutral. 

Nob'ilis,  noble. 

Nodula'ris,  nodular. 

Occidenta'lis,  occiden- 
tal. 

Occipita'lis,  occipital. 

Officiiia'lis,  officinal. 

Ora'lis,  oral. 

Orbicula'ris,  circular . 

Orbita'lis,  orbital. 

Orientals,  oriental. 

Ova'lis,  oval. 

Palnia'ris,  palmar. 

Palus'tris,  belonging  to 
swamps ; growing  in 
swamps. 

Papilla'ris,  papillary. 

Parieta'lis,  parietal. 

Pectina'lis,  like  a 
comb. 

Pectora'lis,  pectoral. 

Peren'nis,  perennial . 

Peri  nasa'lis,  perimeal. 

Permeab'ilis,  perme- 
able. 

Placenta'Iis,  placental. 

Planta'ris,  plantar. 

Pluvia'lis,  pluvial. 

Pocula'ris,  pocular. 

Pola'ris,  polar. 

Porten'sis,  belonging  to 
Oporto,  in  Portugal. 

Potentials,  potential. 

Praten'sis,  growing  in 
meadows. 

Prehen'silis,  prehen- 
sile. 

Primordia'lis,  primor- 
dial. 

Puerpera'lis,  puerpc 
ral. 

Pulmona'ris,  pulmo- 
nary. 

Pyrarnida'lis,  pyram- 
idal. 

Quadrangula'ris^wad* 

rangular. 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Quadr*  latera'lis,  quad- 
rilateral. 

Radia'lis,  radial. 

Radical  is,  radical. 

Rationa'lis,  rational 

Rectangula'ris,  rect- 
angular. 

Rena'lis,  renal. 

Renifor'mis,  reniform. 

Retrae'tilis,  retractile. 

Rhomboida'lis,  rhom- 
boidal. 

Riva'lis,  growing  in  or 
near  a stream. 

Rupes'tris,  growing  on 
rocks. 

Saliva'ris,  salivary. 

Saluta'ris,  salutary. 


Saxat'ilis,  growing  in 
rocky  places. 

Scapula'ris,  scapular. 

Semiluua'ris,  semilu- 
nar. 

Semina'lis,  seminal. 

Seni'lis,  senile. 

Ses'silis,  sessile. 

Solu'bilis,  soluble. 

Spectab'ilis,  admira- 
ble, worth  seeing. 

Spherica'lis,  spherical. 

Spina'lis,  spinal. 

Spit a'l is,  spiral. 

Stand na'l is,  staminal. 

Ster'ilis,  sterile. 

Siia'vis,  sweet , agreea- 
ble. 


Subli'mis,  superficial , 
high. 

Sylves'tris,  growing  in 
forests,  sylvan. 

Synovia'lis,  synovial. 

Tempora'lis,  tempo- 
ral. 

Termina'lis,  terminal. 

Tex'tilis.  textile. 

Therma'lis,  thermal. 

Tibia'lis,  tibial. 

Trachea'Iis,  tracheal. 

Transversa'lis,  trans- 
verse. 

Triangula'ris,  triangu- 
lar. 

Trifacia'lis,  trifacial. 

Tri via'lis,  trivial. 


Tubercula'ris,  tuber- 
cular. 

Umbilica'lis,  umbilical 

Unguina'lis,  unguinal. 

Yascula'ris,  vascular. 

Ventra'lis,  ventral. 

A'ersat'ilis,  versatile. 

Vcrsic'olor  (gen.  Ver- 
sicolo'ris),  having 
various  colors. 

Yettebra'lis,  vertebral. 

Yiab'ilis,  viable. 

Yir'idis,  green. 

Yiri'lis,  of  or  pertain- 
ing to  a man. 

Yiscera'lis,  visceral. 

Yita'lis,  vital. 

Volat'ilis,  volatile. 


Adjectives  belonging  to  the  second  section  ( i.e . ending  in  two  consonants)  have 
the  masculine,  feminine,  and  neuter  alike  both  in  the  nominative  and  genitive:  as, 
mo  r'  bus  ser'pens , a “creeping  disease ;”  a'rea  ser'pens ,*  a “creeping  baldness;” 
animal  ser’pens,  a “creeping  animal.”  In  the  genitive,  we  should  have  mor'bi 
serpen’ tis,  “of  a creeping  disease;”  a’rete  seipen'tis,  “of  a creeping  baldness;” 
anima’lis  serpen' tis,  “of  a creeping  animal. ”f 

Adjectives  of  the  third  declension  form  the  masculine  and  feminine  plural  by 
changing  -is  of  the  genitive  singular  into  -es,  and  the  neuter  by  changing  it  into 
-in:  e.g,  inns'  cuius  ala'ris , a “winged  or  wing-shaped  muscle;”  ve'na  ala'ris,  a 
“winged  vein;”  os  ala  re,  a “winged  bone;”  nom.  pi.  mus’culi  ala' res,  “winged 
muscles;”  ve'nse  ala' res,  “winged  veins;”  os'sa  ala' via,  “winged  bones.”  The  geni- 
tive plural  ends  in  -turn  in  all  three  genders:  e.g.  musculo' rum  ala'rium,  “of 
winged  muscles:”  vena' rum  ala'rium,  “of  winged  veins;”  os'sium  ala'rium,  “of 
winged  bones”  (see  Alaris  and  Alares,  in  the  dictionary).  In  like  manner,  we 
should  have,  in  the  plural,  mor'bi  seipen'tes,  “creeping  diseases;”  ve'nse  serpen' les, 
“creeping  or  winding  veins;”  anima'lia  serpen'iia,  “creeping  animals.” 


Comparison  of  Adjectives. 

Adjectives  of  the  comparative  degree  are  of  the  third  declension;  they  have  the 
masculine  and  feminine  termination  in  -or  (declined  like  humor:  see  example  on 
page  665) : e.g.  mi' tis,  “mild,”  has  mi’tior  in  the  comparative;  hence,  ty'pihus  mi'fior, 


Example  of  an  Adjective  ( participle ) of  the  Third  Declension  in  -ns,  declined  in  full. 


Singular. 


Plural 


Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom. 

Ser'pens, 

ser'pens. 

ser'pens, 

winding. 

Gen. 

Serpen'tis, 

serpen'tis, 

serpen'tis. 

Pat. 

Serpen'ti, 

serpen'ti, 

serpen'ti. 

Acc. 

Serpen'tem, 

serpen'tem, 

ser'pens. 

Voc. 

Ser'pens, 

ser'pens, 

ser'pens. 

Abl. 

Serpen'te, 

serpen'te, 

serpen'te. 

Masc.  Fem.  Neut. 

Nom.  Serpen'tes,  serpen'tes,  serpen'tia. 
Gen.  Serpen'tium,  serpen'tium,  serpen'tium 

(contracted  serpen'tum  or  serpen'tfim). 
Dat.  Serpen 'tibus,  serpen'tibus,  serpen'tibus. 
Acc.  Serpen'tes,  serpen'tes,  serpen'tia. 
Voc.  Serpen'tes,  serpen'tes,  serpen'tia. 
Abl.  Serpen'tibus,  serpen'tibus,  serpen'tibus. 


* A term  used  by  Celsus  for  a form  of  baldness  the  progress  of  which  was  supposed  to 
resemble  the  creeping  or  winding  of  a serpent.  See  Ophiasis,  in  the  dictionary. 

+ Nearly  all  adjectives  of  this  termination  (-ns)  are  in  fact  participles:  thus,  astrin'gens, 
“astringent,”  is  the  present  participle  of  astrin'go,  to  “ bind,”  to  “contract;”  emoVliens , “emol- 
lient,” is  derived  in  like  manner  from  emol’lio,  to  “soften;”  demuVcens , “demulcent,”  from  de- 
mul'ceo,  to  “soothe,”  etc.:  likewise  the  examples  previously  given:  viz.,  aiJdens,  “burning,” 
fer'vens,  “boiling,”  and  ser'pens,  “creeping,”  are  from  ar'deo,  to  “burn,”  fer'veo,  to  “boil,”  to 
“ be  hot,”  and  str'po,  to  “ creep,”  respectively. 


675 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


* milder  typhus.”  In  like  manner  for'tis,  “strong,”  has  in  the  comparative  for'tior , 
“stronger;”  gra'vis,  “heavy,”  “severe,”  makes  yra’vior , “severer;”  ten'uis , “thin,” 
or  “weak,”  makes  ten'uior , “weaker,”  and  so  on.  Several  adjectives  form  the  com- 
parative irregularly,  but  it  always  terminates  in  -or,  and  is  declined  as  above  stated: 
e.g.  mag'nus , “ great,”  has  for  its  comparative,  ma'jor , “ greater ;”  par'vus,  “ little,”  has 
mi' nor,  “less;”  bo'nus,  “good,”  me'lior,  “better;”  ma'lus , “bad,”  pe'jor,  “worse.” 
The  neuter  is  always  formed  by  changing  the  masculine  and  feminine  termination 
(-or)  into  -us:  as,  mi'tius,  gra'vius,  for' tius,  ma'jus , mi' mis,  me'lius,  inf e' riiis,  supe'- 
rius : hence,  la' bium  inf  e’rius,  “lower  lip;”  la'bium  supe'rius,  “upper  lip;”  al'cohol 
for'tius,  “stronger  alcohol.”  The  genitive,  dative,  and  ablative  neuter  are  the 
same  as  the  masculine:  as,  la'bii  inferio'ris,  “of  the  lower  lip;”  cum  al'cohol  for- 
io're , “ with  stronger  alcohol.” 

The  superlative  degree  of  Latin  adjectives  usually  terminates  in  - issimus : as,, 
mitis'simus , “mildest;”  gravis' simiis,  “ severest;”  fortis'simus,  “strongest;”  latis'- 
8imu8 , “broadest”  (from  la'tus,  “broad”);  but  most  of  those  adjectives  (viz.  magf - 
fluff,  par'vus,  etc.)  which  have  an  irregular  comparative,  form  the  superlative  also 
irregularly:  as,  max'imus,  “greatest;”  min'imus , “least;”  op'timus , “best;”  pes'si - 
mu8 , “worst.”  Su' perus,  “high,”  makes  supre'mus  (or  sum'mus),  “highest;”  in'ferus , 
“low,”  in'fimus  (or  i'mus ),  “lowest.” 


Trigin'ta,  thirty. 
Quadragin'ta,  forty. 
Quinquagin'ta,  fifty. 
Sexagin'ta,  sixty. 
Septuagin'ta,  seventy. 
Octogin'ta,  eighty. 
Nonagin'ta,  ninety. 
Cen'tum,  a hundred . 
Mil'le,  a thousand. 


Unus,  “ one.”* 

Singular.  Singular. 


Masc. 

Fern. 

Neut. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut 

Nom.  U'nus, 

u'na, 

u'num. 

Acc. 

U'num, 

u'narn, 

u'num. 

Gen. 

Uni'us, 

uni'us, 

uni'us. 

Yoc. 

U'ne, 

u'na, 

u'num. 

Pat. 

U'ni, 

u'ni, 

u'ni. 

| Abl. 

U'no, 

u'na, 

u'no. 

Duo , “two. 

Tres , “three.” 

Plural. 

Plural. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom.  Du'o, 

du'ae, 

duk>. 

Nom. 

Tres, 

tres, 

tri'a. 

Gen. 

Duo'rum, 

dua'rum, 

duo'rum. 

Gen. 

Tri'um, 

tri'um, 

tri'um. 

Dat. 

Duo'bus, 

dua'bus, 

duo'bus. 

Dat. 

TriTius, 

tri'bus, 

tri'bus. 

Acc. 

Du'os,  or 

du'as, 

du'o. 

Acc. 

Tres, 

tres, 

tri'a. 

du'o, 

Yoc. 

Tres, 

tres, 

tri'a. 

Yoc. 

Du'o, 

du'ae, 

du'o. 

Abl. 

Tri'bus, 

tri'bus, 

tri'bus. 

Abl. 

Duo'bus, 

dua'bus, 

dua'bus. 

Alter,  “another.” 

Singular. 

Plural. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom. 

Al'ter, 

al'tera, 

al'terum. 

Nom.  Al'teri, 

al'terae. 

al'tera. 

Gen. 

Alteri'us, 

alteri'us, 

alteri'us. 

Gen. 

A1  tero'rum,al  t era'rum,  al  tero'n 

Dat. 

Al'teri, 

al'teri, 

al'teri. 

Dat. 

Al'teris, 

al'teris, 

al'teris. 

Acc. 

Al'terum, 

al'teram, 

al'terum. 

Acc. 

Al'teros, 

al'teras, 

al'tera. 

Yoc. 

Al'ter, 

al'tera, 

al'terum. 

Yoc. 

Al'teri, 

al'terae, 

al'tera. 

Abl. 

Al'tero, 

al'tera, 

al'tero. 

Abl. 

Al'teris, 

al'teris, 

al'teris. 

U'nus,  one. 

Du'o,  two. 

Tres,  three. 
Qua'tuor,  four. 
Quin'que,  Jive. 
Sex,  six. 

Sep'tem,  seven. 
Oc'to,  eight. 
No'vem,  nine. 
De'cem,  ten. 
Un'decim,  eleven. 


Numeral  Adjectives. 

Duod'ecim,  twelve. 

Tred'ecim,  thirteen. 
Quatuor'decim,  fourteen. 
Quin'decim,  fifteen. 

Sex'decim,  sixteen. 
Septen'decim,  seventeen. 
Octod'ecim,  eighteen. 
Novem'decim,  nineteen. 
Yigin'ti,  twenty. 

Yigin'ti  u'nus,  or)  . . 

U'nus  et  vigin'ti,  f twenty-°m' 


* To'tus,  the  “whole,”  nul'lus,  “no,”  so'lus , “alone,”  and  ul'lus,  “any,”  are  declined  in  the 
same  manner. 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


Pronouns, 


Is,  ea,  id,  “he,”  “she,”  or  “it.” 


Singular. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom.  Is, 

e'a, 

id, 

Gen. 

E'jus, 

e'jus, 

e'jus, 

Dat. 

E'i, 

e'i, 

e'i, 

Acc. 

E'um, 

e'am, 

id, 

Voc. 

— 

— 

— 

Abl. 

E'o, 

e'a, 

e'o, 

Nom. 

Hie, 

haec, 

hoc,  this. 

Gen. 

Ilu'jus, 

hu'jus, 

hu'jus,  of  this. 

Dat. 

Huic, 

huic, 

huic  (pron.  hik), 

to  or  for  this. 

Acc. 

Hunc, 

hanc, 

hoc,  this. 

Yoc. 

Hie, 

haec, 

hoc,  this. 

Abl. 

Hoc, 

hac, 

hoc,  in,  by,  or 

with  this. 

Nom.  Qui, 

quae, 

quod, 

who  or  which. 

Gen. 

Cu'j  us, 

cu'j  us, 

cu'j  us, 

whose  or  of  which. 

Dat. 

Cui, 

cui, 

cui  (pron.  ki), 

to  whom  or  to  which. 

Acc. 

Quem, 

quam, 

quod, 

Voc 

whom  or  which. 

Abl.* 

Quo, 

qua, 

quo, 

in,  by,  or  with  whom 

or  which. 

Plural. 


Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

Nom.  I'i, 

e'ae, 

e'a. 

Gen. 

Eo'rum, 

ea'rum. 

eo'rum. 

Dat. 

E'is,  or  i'is, 

e'is,  or  i'is, 

e'is,  or  i'is. 

Acc. 

E'os, 

e'as, 

e'a. 

Yoc. 

— 

— 

— 

Abl. 

E'is,  or  i'is, 

e'is,  or  i'is, 

e'is,  or  i'is. 

Nom. 

Hi, 

hae, 

haec,  these. 

Gen. 

Ho'rurn, 

lia'rum, 

ha'rum,  of  these. 

Dat. 

His, 

his, 

his,  to  or  foi 
these. 

Acc. 

IIos, 

has, 

haec,  these. 

Voc. 

Hi, 

hae, 

haec,  these. 

Abl. 

His, 

his, 

his,  in,  by,  or  with 
these. 

Nom.  Qui, 

quae, 

quae, 

who  or  which. 

Gen. 

Quo'rum,  qua'rum, 
whose  or  of  which. 

qua'rum, 

Dat. 

Qui'bus, 

qui'bus, 

qui'bus, 

to  whom  or  to  which. 

Acc. 

Qui, 

quae, 

quae, 

whom  or  which. 

Yoc. 

— 

— 

— 

Abl. 

Qui'bus, 

qui'bus, 

qui'bus, 

in,  by,  or  with  whom  or  which. 


jfggyg**  The  lists  of  Latin  nouns,  adjectives,  etc.  on  the  foregoing  pages  contain, 
it  is  believed,  all  the  most  important  words  of  this  kind  which  the  student  will  be 
likely  to  meet  with  in  works  relating  to  Anatomy,  Pharmacy,  etc.  Especial  care 
has  been  taken  to  make  the  lists  complete  with  respect  to  Pharmacopoeial  names 
and  the  terms  commonly  used  in  writing  prescriptions.* 

Remarks  on  the  Use  and  Application  of  Latin  Adjectives. 

It  has  already  been  shown  (on  page  671)  that  Latin  adjectives  change  their 
terminations  so  as  to  agree  with  the  nouns  to  which  they  are  joined,  in  Gender, 
Number,  and  Case.  It  is  important  to  observe  that  this  agreement  is  equally 
necessary  whether  the  noun  be  understood  or  expressed:  for  example,  the  adjective 
re'ger  (“sick,”  or  “suffering”)  if  joined  with  vir  (a  “man”)  will,  of  course,  retain 
its  masculine  form;  if  with  foem'ina  (a  “woman”),  it  is  changed  to  se'gra , accord- 
ing to  the  rule  already  explained;  also,  if  the  adjective  be  used  without  a noun,  as 
is  frequently  the  case,  to  denote  a “ patient, ”f  we  must  always  write  se'ger , if  we 
mean  a male,  and  se'gra,  if  we  mean  a female  patient.  Hence  we  have  the  following 
'important  rule : — 

Whenever  an  adjective,  participle,  or  adjective  pronoun  is  used  without  any 
noun  expressed,  it  must  invariably  be  put  in  the  gender,  number,  and  case  of  the 
&oun  (whatever  this  may  be)  which  is  understood.  Accordingly,  all  the  names  of 


* It  may  be  observed  that  the  signification  of  the  nouns  is  not  given  in  the  lists,  because, 

•*yith  few  if  any  exceptions,  they  will  be  found  defined  in  the  Dictionary.  But,  as  only  a part 
of  the  adjectives  are  given  in  the  Dictionary  under  their  own  heads,  and  since  the  lists,  if  they 
contained  the  signification  of  only  a portion,  would  have  an  irregular  and  unsightly  appear- 
ance, it  has  been  deemed  best  to  give  the  meaning  of  the  adjectives  in  all  cases. 

f “ Patient”  is  merely  an  Anglicized  form  of  the  Latin  pa'tiens  [from  pa'tior,  pas'sus,  t « 
“suffer”],  and  signifies  a “suffering”  or  “sick”  person. 


677 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


the  muscles  formed  from  adjectives  (of  which  there  are  a great  number),  as,  cr«- 
ree'us , glutee'us , hyoglos'sus,  sarto’rius , semimembrano' sus,  Intis' simns  dor's;,  quadra 
ftts  lumbo'rum , rec'tus  oc’uli,  etc.,  must  have  the  masculine  termination,  because 
mils' cuius  (a  “ muscle”),  the  understood  noun,  is  of  the  masculine  gender.  So  the 
adjectives  forming  the  names  of  nerves  must  be  masculine,  because  ner'vus  (a 
“ nerve”)  is  masculine:  e.g.  accesso’rius  Willis' ii  (in  the  plural,  accesso'rii  Wil- 
lis'ii),  hypoglos’ sus,  pathet'ici , trigem' ini,  etc. 

One  of  the  most  important  applications  of  the  rule  above  stated,  is  to  the  names 
of  the  divisions,  classes,  or  orders  in  the  different  departments  of  science.  In 
Botany  the  natural  orders  are  generally  formed  from  adjectives  in  -a'cens:  as, 
Acera' ceus,  Clusia'ceus,  Lilia' ceus,  Papavera'ceus,  etc.,  the  terminations  of  which  are 
changed  to  agree  with  the  noun  plan’ tee  (“plants”)  understood,  in  the  nominative 
plural  feminine.  Accordingly,  Accra' ceee  signifies  “ [plants]  allied  to,  or  resem- 
bling, the  maple;”  Clusia'ceee  “[plants]  allied  to,  or  resembling,  the  Clusia 
Lilia' ceee,  those  “resembling  the  lily;”  Papavera' ceee,  those  “resembling  the 
poppy,”  etc.  etc. 

It  may  be  observed,  however,  that  the  orders  of  Jussieu  are,  with  a few  excep- 
tions, named  from  the  plural  of  certain  nouns:  as,  Ag'era  (plural  of  A’cer),  the 
“maples;”  Lil'ia  (plural  of  Lil'ium),  the  “lilies;”  AV gee  (plural  of  Al’ga),  “sea- 
weeds;” 3Ius'ci  (plural  of  3Ius'cus,)  “mosses,”  etc.  etc. 

The  Linnsean  classes  (which  are  of  Greek  derivation)  consist  of  adjectives  (such 
as  monan'drius,  “having  one  stamen;”  pentan' drius,  “having  five  stamens;”  dec- 
an'drius,  “having  ten  stamens,”  etc.)  in  the  neuter  plural  agreeing  with phy'ta,  or 
0yra  (the  plural  of  phy'ton,  or  (f>vroi , the  Greek  term  for  a “plant”),  understood.  By 
some,  however,  they  are  considered  to  be  nouns  (or  adjectives  used  as  nouns, 
clas’ sis,  a “ class,”  being  understood)  in  the  feminine  singular.  On  this  supposi- 
tion, 3fonan'dria  is  equivalent  to  clas’ sis  3fonan'dria,  the  “ Monandrian  class,”  or 
that  comprising  flowers  having  a single  stamen;  Pentan’ dria  is  the  “Pentandrian 
class,”  or  that  comprising  flowers  with  five  stamens,  and  so  on.  But  it  is  preferable 
to  consider  these  classes  as  formed  of  adjectives  in  the  plural;  for  so  they  will  har- 
monize with  the  names  of  the  divisions  and  classes  in  Zoology,  Nosology,  etc., 
where  they  are  always  in  the  plural. 

The  divisions,  classes,  and  orders  of  the  animal  kingdom  are  formed  of  adjec- 
tives with  the  neuter  plural  termination  in  -a;  because  An'imal  (plural  Anima’lia), 
the  understood  noun,  is  of  the  neuter  gender:  e.g.  Vertebra' ta,  “vertebrated  [anb 
mals];”  3Iollus'ca,  “molluscous  [animals];”  Articula'ta,  “ articulated  [animals];” 
Radia’ta,  “radiated  [animals];”  Mamma’ lia,  “[animals]  furnished  with  mammse;” 
Ccphalop’ oda,  “[animals]  having  the  head  furnished  with  feet,”  the  designation 
of  an  order  of  mollusks,  the  most  highly  organized  of  all  invertebrate  animals  (sea 
Cephalopoda,  in  the  Dictionary). 

With  respect  to  the  classification  of  diseases,  great  diversity  prevails.  Cullen, 
like  Jussieu,  generally  took  the  names  of  his  classes  and  orders  from  the  plurals 
of  nouns:  as,  Pyrex’iee  (plural  of  Pyrex’ia,  a “febrile  affection”),  Neuro’ses  (plural 
of  Nenro'sis,  a “nervous  disease”),  Spas' mi  (plural  of  Spas' mus,  a “spasm”), 
Tumo'res  (plural  of  Tu’mor,  a “tumor”),  etc.;  though  one  of  his  classes,  Loca'les, 
is  formed  from  the  adjective  loca'lis  (“local”),  mor'bi  (“diseases”)  being  under- 
stood. Dr.  Good  gives  a neuter  termination  to  all  his  classes  and  orders:  as, 
Heemat'ica  (from  heernat’ icus,  “pertaining  to  the  blood”),  Crnot'ica  (Aom  cenot’i - 
678 


EXPLANATION  OF  LATIN  TERMS,  PHRASES,  ETC. 


cus,  “pertaining  to  evacuations”),  etc.  etc.,  the  neuter  noun  pathem'ata  (plural  of 
pathe'ma,  an  “affection,”  or  “disease”)  being  understood.  But  it  is  now,  perhaps, 
more  usual  to  put  the  adjective  in  the  masculine  plural,  agreeing  with  mor'bi 
(plural  of  mo/bus,  a “disease”):  e.g.  Zymot'ici , “zymotic  [diseases];”  Cbrot’ icy, 
“ skin  [diseases],”  etc.* 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  rule  respecting  the  agreement  of  adjectives 
with  nouns  (see  pp.  671,  077)  applies  not  merely  to  the  construction  of  sentences, 
but  even  to  the  shortest  Latin  phrase  which  may  form  the  name  of  a bone,  a 
plant,  or  a chemical  substance:  as,  Os  (n.)  iunomina'tum , Cor’nus  (f.)  Florida , 
Fer’ntm  redac’tum,  Syru'pus  f us' cus,  etc. 

If,  in  writing  any  Latin  name  or  phrase,  the  student  should  feel  the  slightest 
doubt,  he  should  first  ascertain  the  declension,  gender,  etc.  of  the  word,  which  he  can 
readily  do  by  a reference  to  the  lists  on  the  foregoing  pages.  If  the  nominativo 
of  the  noun  ends  in  -a,  it  is  in  all  probability  of  the  first  declension,  feminine 
gender;  let  him  then  consult  the  list  on  page  661;  if  in  -«m,  it  is  of  the  second 
declension,  neuter  gender  (see  list  on  page-  664);  if  in  -vs,  it  is' probably  of  the 
masculine  gender,  second  declension,  in  which  case  let  him  refer  to  the  list  on  page 
663  (if  not  found  there,  to  that  on  6C9);  for  nouns  of  any  other  tcrm:nati<  n,  let 
him  examine  the  list  of  nouns  of  the  third  declension  on  pages  667  and  6C8, 
or  to  those  of  the  fifth  declension  on  page  670.  Suppose,  for  example,  he  is  in 
doubt  whether  to  write  for  “washed  sulphur,”  sulphur  lotum  or  sulphur  lotus:  by 
turning  to  the  list  of  the  third  declension,  he  will  find  that  sulphur  is  neuter,  and 
he  will  therefore  know  that  the  participle  lotus,  “washed,”  must  have  the  neuter 
termination  in  ~um  for  the  nominative  case.  If  he  wishes  to  use  the  genitive  case, 
he  will  change  sulphur  to  sulphuris,  and  lotum  to  loti.  The  application  of  the  rule 
to  botanical  names  is  usually  very  easy;  but  it  would  be  better  in  all  cases  of  un- 
certainty for  him  to  examine  every  point  and  make  assurance  doubly  sure,  not  only 
for  the  satisfaction  of  being  correct,  but  also  that  he  may  acquire  a habit  of 
accuracy,  an  element  in  the  character  of  an  accomplished  physician  or  pharmacist, 
the  importance  of  which  can  scarcely  be  over-estimated.]* 


* See  Dr.  Farr’s  classification  of  diseases  as  exhibited  in  Lyon’s  “Hospital  Practice,”  and 
other  works. 

f In  a large  majority  of  cases,  botanical  (and  zoological)  names  consist  of  a noun  constituting 
the  genus,  joined  with  an  adjective  (usually  denoting  some  characteristic  of  the  plant)  forming 
the  specific  name:  for  example,  in  Cap’sicum  an'nuum  (the  “annual  Capsicum”),  the  specific  term 
annuum  is  used  to  distinguish  it  from  other  species  which  are  biennial  or  perennial;  so  A'rum 
triphyVlum , the  “ three-leaved  Arum,”  Cincho'na  pal'lida , “ pale  Cinchona,”  etc.  etc.  In  a 
number  of  instances,  however,  the  specific  name  is  formed  of  a noun  (not  unfrequently  the 
name  of  some  obsolete  genus),  in  which  case  it  does  not  necessarily  agree  in  gender  with  the 
generic  name.  The  following  list  embraces  the  most  important  names  of  this  class : — 


Aca'cia  Cat'echu. 

Achille'a  Millefo'lium. 
Aconi'tum  Napel'lus. 
Ac'orus  Cal'amus. 
vEs'cnlus  Hippocas'tanum. 
Agatho'tes  Chiray'ta. 
Alis'ina  Planta'go. 
Amo'mum  Zin'giber. 
Anacyc'lus  Pyr'ethrum. 
An'themis  Cot'ula. 
Antirrlii'num  Lina'ria. 
A'piuin  Petroseli'num. 
Arbutus  U'va  Ur'si  (or 
Arctostaph'ylos  U'va  Ur'si). 
Aristolo'chia  Serpenta'ria. 


Artemis'ia  Absin'thium. 
Aspid'ium  Fi'lix  Mas. 
Asple'nium  (or  Aspid'ium)  Fi'- 
lix Foem'ina. 

At'ropa  Belladon'na. 
Balsamoden'dron  Myr'rha. 
Cas'sia  Fis'tula. 

Cepliae'lis  Ipecacuanha. 
Cincho'na  Calisay'a. 
Cissam'pelos  Parei'ra. 
Citrul'lus  Colocyn'tliis. 

Ci'trus  Auran'tium. 

Ci'trus  Limet'ta. 

Convol'vulus  Jala'pa. 
Convol'vulus  Scammo'nia. 


Cro'ton  Eleuthe'ria  (or  Cro'tot, 
Cascaril'la). 

Cro'ton  Tig'lium. 

Cucur'bita  Pe'po. 

Cyn'ara  Scol'ymus. 

Cyt'isus  Scopa'rius. 

Dapli'ne  Gnid'ium. 

Daph'ne  Mezere'um. 

Datu'ra  Stramo'nium. 

Dau'cus  Caro'ta. 

Delphin'ium  Consol'ida. 
Delphin'ium  Staphisa'gria. 
Eletta'ria  Cardamo'nium. 
Euge'nia(or  Myr'tus)  Pimen'ta. 
Euphor'bia  Ipecacuanha. 

679 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS 


In  most  countries  of  Europe,  as  well  as  in  the  United  States,  it  is  customary  to 
write  medical  prescriptions  in  Latin.  It  is  generally  conceded  that  the  interests 
of  science  are  promoted  by  the  usage  which  prevails  among  different  nations,  of 
writing  the  scientific  names  of  plants,  animals,  etc.  in  a language  which  is  under- 
stood, to  a greater  or  less  extent,  throughout  the  civilized  world,  and  which  is  not 
subject  to  the  variations,  and  consequent  uncertainty  of  meaning,  to  which  all  living 
languages  are  in  some  degree  liable.  There  appears  to  be  no  good  reason  why  the 
names  or  terms  used  in  Pharmacy  should  constitute  any  exception  to  a principle  so 
generally  recognized.  It  has  been  urged  as  a more  practical  argument  in  favor  of 
the  custom  of  writing  prescriptions  in  Latin,  that  a person  travelling  in  foreign 


Exogo'nium  Pur'ga. 
Fer'ula  Assafoet'ida. 
Hed'era  He'lix. 

Hu'mulus  Lu'pulus. 

I'lex  Aquifo'lium. 

In'ula  Hele'nium. 
Ipomae'a  Jala'pa. 
Junip'erus  Sabi'na. 
Lau'rus  Sas'safras. 
Leon'todon  Tarax'acum. 
Lirioden'dron  Tulipif'era. 


Momor'dica  Elate'rium. 
Nar'thex  Assafoet'ida. 

N icotia'na  Tab'acum. 
(Enan'the  Phellan'drium. 
Pa'nax  Quinquefo'lium. 
Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum. 
Pimpinel'la  Saxif'raga. 
Pista'cia  Lentis'cus. 
Polyg'ala  Sen'ega. 
Polyg'onum  Bistor'ta. 
Potentil'la  Tormentil'la. 


Pterocar'pus  Marsu'pium. 
Pu'nica  Grana'tum. 
Py'rus  Ma'lus. 

Rhus  Toxicoden'dron. 
Sola'num  Dulcama'ra. 
Stat'ice  Limo'nium. 
Tarax'acum  Dens-leo'nis. 
Theobro'ma  Caca'o. 
Vera'trum  Sabadil'la. 
Verbas'cum  Thap'sus. 
Ze'a  Mays. 


It  may  be  remarked  that  the  general  usage  of  scientific  writers  requires  that  the  generic 
name  should  begin  with  a capital,  but  the  specific  name,  if  an  adjective  (and  not  derived  from 
a proper  name),  should,  when  it  occurs  in  a regular  sentence,  invariably  begin  with  a small 
letter:  as,  Al'etris farino'sa,  A' rum  triphyl'lum , etc.  But  if  the  adjective  is  derived  from  some 
proper  name,  as  Canaden'sis  (from  Canada),  Enropse'us  (from  Europa),  and  Philadel'phicus  (from 
Philadelphia),  then,  of  course,  both  the  specific  and  generic  name  should  commence  with  a 
capital:  as,  As'arum  Canaden'se,  Asf arum  Europium,  Erig' cron  Philadelph'icum.  Also,  when 
the  specific  name,  as  those  in  the  foregoing  list,  is  a noun,  it  should  always  begin  with  a capital.* 
The  specific  names  of  the  various  species  of  Meloe  (sometimes  used  synonymously  with 
Cantharis),  all  having  a masculine  termination  (as,  Meloe  niger , M.  vesicatorius,  etc.),  might 
seem  at  first  sight  to  deviate  from  the  rule  that  the  specific  term  if  an  adjective  must  agree 
in  gender  with  the  generic  name;  for  Meloe , according  to  all  recognized  rules,  ought  to  be 
feminine.  But  the  mistake  of  supposing  Meloe  (a  term  of  modern  origin)  to  be  masculine, 
having  been  made  by  those  who  first  used  the  word,  has  since  been  almost  universally  followed 
by  scientific  writers.  So  that  rather  than  unsettle  the  established  usage  respecting  this  group 
of  names,  we  ought  perhaps  to  recognize  Meloe  as  the  sole  instance  of  a noun  ending  in  -e  and 
forming  the  genitive  in  - es , and  yet  of  the  masculine  gender. 

In  a few  instances  the  specific  name  of  plants  is  formed  of  a noun  in  the  genitive  case : as, 
Cam'phora  ojjicina'rum  (the  “Camphor  of  the  shops”),  Ca'rum  Car'ui  (which  can  scarcely  be 
translated,  the  second  word  being  the  genitive  of  Car'uon,  which  signifies  essentially  the  same 
as  Carum),  Dri'mys  Winte'ri  (the  “ Drimys  of  [Captain]  Winter,”  who  first  brought  this  species 
into  notice),  Gentia'na  Catesbse'i  (the  “Gentian  of  Catesby”),  Ru'bia  tincto'rum  (“Dyers’  Mad- 
der”), etc.  In  the  foregoing  examples  the  second  noun  in  the  genitive  has  the  force  of  an  adjec- 
tive : Cam'phora  officina'rum  may  be  translated  “ officinal  Camphor,”  Gentia'na  Catesbse'i, 
“ Catesbsean  Gentian ;”  so  we  say  in  English,  “Arabian  spices,”  or  “ spices  of  Arabia,”  etc. 


* The  specific  name  of  the  common  tulip-tree  ( Lirioden'dron  Tulipif'era ) is  sometimes 
written  with  a small  letter  for  its  initial ; but  this  is  manifestly  incorrect,  for  though  tidipif'era 
may  sometimes  be  an  adjective,  it  cannot  be  so  in  this  connection,  otherwise  it  must  agree  with 
the  generic  name  in  the  neuter  gender,  and  we  should  then  have  Lirioden'dron  tulipif'erum. 
The  fact  is,  that  Tulipifera  itself  was  formerly  a generic  name,  formed  of  the  adjective  tulipif- 
erus  (“tulip-bearing”),  agreeing  with  Ar’bor  (“tree”)  understood.  It  may  here  be  ob- 

served that  all  the  Latin  names  of  trees  are  feminine.  Lirioden'dron  and  Rhododen'dron , the 
only  important  apparent  exceptions,  are  not  properly  Latin  words,  since  they  have  the  pure 
Greek  termination  in  -on.  Liriodendron  is  of  modern  origin;  Rhododendron  is  to  be  found  in 
Roman  writers,  but  they  were  so  averse  to  have  the  name  of  a tree  with  a neuter  termination, 
that  Pliny  writes  it  Rhododen' dros , thus  converting  it  into  a feminine  noun.  Some  of  the  names 
of  trees  are  of  different  declensions : e.g.  Cor'nus , usually  of  the  fourth,  is  sometimes  of  the 
second;  Pi'nus  appears  to  be  used  about  equally  in  the  second  and  fourth;  but  the  gender 
remains  the  same,  being  always  feminine  in  the  works  of  the  best  writers. 

680 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


countries,  if  taken  sick,  might  die  before  a prescription  written  in  his  native  tongue 
could  be  interpreted.  But,  whatever  weight  may  be  attached  to  the  arguments  by 
which  the  practice  is  sought  to  be  defended,  the  fact  that  it  is  sanctioned  by  so 
large  a portion  of  the  civilized  world,  and  that  it  is  in  a manner  recognized  both 
by  the  United  States  and  British  Pharmacopoeias,  in  which  the  officinal  names 
of  medicines  are  always  given  in  Latin,  makes  it  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
student  of  Medicine  or  Pharmacy,  who  aspires  to  a respectable  rank  in  his  profession, 
to  bestow  some  attention  upon  this  subject. 

The  word  prescription  is  from  the  Latin  prae,  “ before, *'  or  “beforehand,”  and 
ecri'bo,  to  “ write/’  and  signifies,  strictly  speaking,  something  written  out  before- 
hand to  serve  as  a guide  or  direction  to  others;  but  it  is  also  applied  to  any  formal 
directions,  whether  written  or  spoken,  which  a physician  may  give  for  promoting 
or  restoring  the  health  of  his  patient.  He  may  prescribe  blood-letting  or  exercise, 
and  his  directions  to  this  effect  constitute  his  prescription;  but  the  application  of 
the  term  is  usually  restricted  to  written  directions  (also  called  formulae ) for  com- 
pounding and  administering  medicines.  Formulae  are  of  two  kinds,  viz.:  officinal, 
including  the  directions  for  the  preparation  of  medicines  published  in  Pharma- 
copoeias; and  extemporaneous  (or  magistral ),  denoting  those  which  the  physician 
writes  out  for  some  particular  occasion. 

A simple  formula  is  one  which  contains  but  a single  officinal  preparation:  as, 
Extracti  Ilyoscyami 5j. 

Fiant  pilulae  xii. 

(“  Take  of  Extract  of  Hyoscyamus  a drachm.  Let  twelve  pills  be  made  [of  it].”) 

A compound  formula  is  one  containing  two  or  more  officinal  preparations:  as, 


^6  Magnesia?  Sulphatis 5ij* 

Infusi  Senna; Sj. 

Misce. 


(“Take  of  the  Sulphate  of  Magnesia  two  drachms,  of  the  Infusion  of  Senna  an  ounce. 
Mix  [them].”) 

The  principal  medicine  in  a formula  is  termed  the  basis ; that  which  assists  or 
promotes  the  action  of  the  basis  is  called  an  auxiliary  or  adjuvant  ( ad’juvans ) ; that 
which  corrects  some  objectionable  quality  is  termed  a corrective  ( cor'rigens );  and 
that  which  is  used  to  give  a form  convenient  for  administering  the  whole,  is  the 
excipient,  or  vehicle,  or  constituent  (ex cip'iens,  vehic’ulum,  or  constit' uens),  as  illus- 
trated in  the  following  formula : — 

V Aloes 5ss  (basis). 

Ilydrargyri  Chloridi  Mitis gr.  vj.  ( auxiliary ). 

01  ei  Anisi guttas  v.  (corrective). 

Syrupi  quantum  sufficit  (excipient)  ut  fiant  pilulae  xii. 

(“  Take  of  Aloes  a half  drachm,  of  the  Mild  Chloride  of  Mercury  six  grains,  of  Oil  of  Anise 
five  drops,  of  Syrup  a sufficient  quantity  so  that  twelve  pills  may  be  made.”) 

Any  one  who  has  a tolerable  understanding  of  English  grammar  will  have  little 
difficulty  in  writing  prescriptions  correctly,  if  he  will  carefully  attend  to  the  fol- 
lowing rules  and  directions. 

Rule  First. — Whenever  the  quantity  of  any  medicine  or  material  is  mentioned, 
the  name  of  the  material  must  always  be  put  in  the  genitive  case : thus,  in  the  fol- 
lowing example: — 

58 


681 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


Eupatorii gj. 

Aquae  Ferventis  (or  Bullientis) Oj. 

Macera  per  lioras  duas  et  cola. 


(“Take  of  Eupatorium  an  ounce,  of  boiling  water  a pint.  Macerate  for  two  hours  and 
strain.”) 

Nota  bene:  it  is  necessary  to  write  Eupatorii  (not  Eupatorium ),  and  Aquae  fsr- 
venti8  (not  Aqua  fervens ),  since  we  cannot  say,  in  English,  “an  ounce  Eupatorium,” 
any  more  than  we  can  say,  “a  pint  boiling  water.”  The  genitive  termination  in 
the  Latin  is  even  more  indispensable  than  the  preposition  “of”  is  in  the  English; 
because  in  certain  cases  the  “of”  may  be  understood  if  it  has  previously  been  ex- 
pressed: thus,  we  might  say,  “Take  of  Eupatorium  an  ounce,  boiling  water  a pint.” 
But  the  genitive  termination  in  Latin  can  never  thus  be  understood,  but  must 
always  be  expressed:  indeed,  it  exactly  corresponds  in  this  respect  to  the  regular 
form  of  the  English  possessive.  It  would  be  very  ridiculous  to  say,  in  English, 
“John's  and  William  books,”  or  “Cowper’s  and  Milton  poems,”  on  the  ground  that 
the  8 and  apostrophe  (which  are,  in  fact,  the  English  genitive  or  possessive  termina- 
tion) are  to  be  understood  after  the  second  name : it  is  equally  absurd  to  suppose 
that  the  Latin  genitive  termination  can  ever  be  understood  when  not  expressed. 
We  have  dwelt  longer  upon  this  point,  because  physicians  not  wholly  ignorant  of 
the  Latin  tongue  frequently  commit  the  ridiculous  blunder  here  alluded  to.  They 
may  judge  how  their  Latin  would  strike  a good  classical  scholar,  from  the  im- 
pression made  on  their  own  minds  by  such  specimens  of  English  as  those  cited 
above. 

If  the  writer  of  a prescription  cannot  afford  to  take  the  trouble  to  be  correct,  it 
would  perhaps  be  better  for  him  to  use  abbreviated  names  or  terms,  thus: — 

Magnes.  Sulph 3ij.  Eupator gj. 

Infus.  Senn gj.  Aq.  Fervent Oj. 

by  which  expedient  he  would,  at  least,  shelter  himself  from  criticism.  But  we  would 
strongly  recommend  to  those  students  whose  ambition  it  is  to  excel  in  their  pro- 
fession, bravely  to  master  the  difficulty  at  the  outset,  and,  if  they  afterwards  think 
proper  to  employ  such  abbreviated  terms,  let  them  do  so  rather  to  economize  time 
than  to  conceal  their  ignorance.  The  liability  to  mistakes,  however,  on  the  part  of 
the  druggist  who  puts  up  the  prescription,  is  not  a little  increased  by  a resort  to 
such  abbreviations,  and,  if  they  are  used  at  all,  particular  care  should  be  taken 
that  every  letter  be  written  distinctly.  The  same,  or  greater,  caution  is 

needed  with  respect  to  writing  the  signs  for  ounce,  drachm , etc.;  for  cases  might 
readily  occur,  in  which  the  substitution  of  an  ounce  for  a drachm  of  some  particular 
medicine  might  be  attended  with  fatal  consequences. 

Many  of  the  names  used  in  Pharmacyare  compound : as ,ExtractumHyoscyami  (“  Ex- 
tract of  Hyoscyamus”),  Infusion  Sennse  (“Infusion  of  Senna”),  Magnesise  Sutyhas 
(“  Sulphate  of  Magnesia”).  In  each  of  these  examples  there  is  a noun  in  the  nomi- 
native joined  with  one  in  the  genitive  case,  the  latter  qualifying  the  former  some- 
what in  the  manner  of  an  adjective,  for  “Infusion  of  Senna”  has  precisely  the  same 
meaning  as  “Senna  Infusion,”  if  we  use  “Senna”  as  an  adjective:  so  Aqua  Crea - 
soti,  “Creasote  Water”  (literally,  “Water  of  Creasote”),  Aqua  Rosse,  “Rose  Water” 
(literally,  “Water  of  Rose”).  It  is  to  be  observed  that  in  prescriptions  this  qualify- 
ing noun  (which  is  always  in  the  genitive  case,  though  it  is  sometimes  put  first,  and 
682 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


sometimes  second)  must  remain  unchanged.  For  example:  if  we  wish  to  intro* 
duce  the  term  “Sulphate  of  Magnesia”  {Magnesia  Sulphas ) into  a formula,  Mag- 
nesia, which  is  the  qualifying  word,  must  remain  always  in  the  genitive,  whatever 
may  be  the  form  of  the  sentence  in  which  it  occurs ; but  the  other  term,  Sulphas,  is 
to  be  changed  according  to  circumstances,  or  as  the  meaning  of  the  writer  may  re- 
quire. If,  as  before  observed,  the  quantity  of  any  substance  be  mentioned,  the  sub- 
stance itself  must  be  put  in  the  genitive:  as,  “of  the  Sulphate  of  Magnesia  one 
ounce”  ( Magnesia  Sulphatis  5j).  But  suppose,  the  quantity  having  been  previously 
determined,  he  should  have  occasion  to  speak  of  combining  the  “Infusion  of  Senna 
with  Sulphate  of  Magnesia:”  he  should  then  write  Infusum  (or  Inf  mi , according  to 
the  nature  of  the  sentence)  Senna  cum.  Magnesia  Sulphate.  Here  it  w 11  be  seen  that 
while  the  qualifying  term  ( Magnesia ) remains  the  same,  the  other  term  {Sulphas)  is 
put  in  the  ablative  case,  being  governed  by  the  preposition  cum,  “with.”  If  the 
learner  should  ask  why  the  preposition  does  not  govern  Magnesia,  seeing  it  comes 
next  to  it,  the  answer  is  that  the  sense,  or  meaning,  forbids  it : the  meaning  is  “ with 
the  sulphate,”  not  “with  magnesia,”  the  latter  term  being  governed  in  the  geni- 
tive by  “of.”  Should  we  put  “magnesia”  in  the  ablative  and  “sulphate”  in  the 
genitive,  we  should  have  “with  magnesia  of  sulphate,”  which  is  simply  non- 
sense.* 

It  may  here  be  remarked  that  in  Latin  it  matters  comparatively  little  in  what 
order  the  words  stand,  provided  each  is  in  its  proper  case:  thus,  we  may  say  Sul- 
phas Magnesia,  or  Magnesia  Sulphas,  though  the  latter  is  more  usual.  We  might 
also  say  either  Cum  Sulphate  Magnesia,  or  Cum  Magnesia  Sulphate,  since,  whichever 
arrangement  of  words  we  use,  the  cases  of  each  remain  the  same.  So,  frequently, 
in  English,  we  may  change  the  order  of  the  words,  provided  Ave  preserve  the  sense. 
We  may  say  either  the  “brain’s  base,”  or  the  “base  of  the  brain,”  “hartshorn” 
(hart’s  horn),  or  the  “horn  of  the  hart;”  but  the  Latin  language  admits  of  trans- 
position to  a much  greater  extent,  even  when  precisely  the  same  words  are  made 
use  of.  Thus,  for  the  “Compound  Powder  of  Rhubarb,”  we  might  say,  in  Latin, 
either  Compositus  Pulvis  Rhei,  Rhei.  Compositus  Pulvis,  Pulvis  Compositus  Rhei,  Rhei 
Pulvis  Compositus , or  Pulvis  Rhei  ComjDositus,  and  the  meaning  would  be  precisely 
the  same  whichever  arrangement  of  the  words  we  might  adopt.  But,  though  each 
form  is  grammatically  correct,  euphony  requires  the  last;  for  by  either  of  the  other 
arrangements  the  two  words  ]julvis  and  comjwsitus,  both  ending  in  s,  would  come 


* To  make  this  subject  perfectly  clear,  it  may  be  well  to  restate  the  same  principle  in  different 
words.  When  it  is  directed  to  put  any  compound  name  into  the  genitive,  accusative,  etc.,  the 
direction  always  has  reference  to  that  part  which  is  in  the  nominative,  as  the  name  stands  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia.  Thus,  in  the  following  examples,  Potas'sa  Carbo'nas,  Decodtum  Chimaph'i- 
la,  Extrac'tum  Can'nabis  Purifica'tum , etc.,  “ Carbonas,”  “ Decoctum,”  and  “ Extractum  purifi- 
catuin”  would  alone  be  changed:  if  to  the  genitive,  we  should  have  “ Carbonatis,”  “Decocti,” 
and  “ Extracti  purificati”  (for,  as  “ purificatum”  agrees  with  “ Extractum,”  it  must  change  with 
it):  if  to  the  ablative,  “Carbonate,”  “ Decocto,”  and  “ Extracto  purificato.” 

Some  compound  Pharmacopoeial  names  consist  of  a noun  joined  with  one  or  more  adjec- 
tives : as,  Syru'pus  Toluta'nus  (U.S.  Ph.),  “Sju’up  of  Tolu;”  Vi'num  Antimonia'le  (Br.  Ph.), 
“Antimonial  Wine;”  Pilu'la  Cathar'tica  Compos'ita  (II.S.  Ph.),  “Compound  Cathartic  Pills.” 
In  writing  such  names,  it  is  only  necessary  to  take  care  that  the  adjective  always  agrees  with 
the  noun  in  number,  gender,  and  case.  If  the  noun  is  put  in  the  genitive,  the  adjective  must 
be  so  likewise:  as,  IJk  Syrupi  Tolutani  fluidunciam  (“Take  of  Syrup  of  Tolu  a fluidounce”); 

Vini  Antimonia'lis  fluidrachmam  (“Take  of  Antimonial  Wine  a fluidrachm”).  It  is  to  be 
observed  that  Toluta'nus  (“ of,  or  pertaining  to.  Tolu”)  is  declined  like  la'tus  (page  672),  and 
Antimonia'le  like  mi'te  (neuter  of  mi'tis,  page  673).  But,  should  we  have  occasion  to  say,  “To 
this  mixture  add  the  Syrup  of  Tolu,”  then  both  noun  and  adjective  must  be  put  in  the  accusa- 
tive, as  follows : Huic  mistura  adde  Syrupum  Tolutanum. 


683 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


together,  producing  a disagreeable  alliteration.  True,  this  might  also  be  avoided 
by  the  form  Composite  Rhei  Pulvis  • but  it  is  usually  considered  preferable  in  Latin 
to  place  the  noun  before  the  adjective  or  participle.* 

Variations  with  respect  to  the  arrangement  of  the  different  words  in  a phrase 
are,  in  fact,  not  uncommon.  Thus,  for  the  “Bark  of  Pomegranate  Root/’  our  Phar- 
macopoeia has  Granati  Radicis  Cortex , while  the  Prussian  Pharmacopoeia  (referred 
to  in  a note  on  page  666)  has  Cortex  Radieis  Granati;  other  similar  examples 
might  be  cited. 

Rule  Second. — The  terms  which  indicate  the  quantity  of  any  material  in  the 
prescription — such,  for  example,  as  “pound/’  “ounce,”  “drachm,”  “scruple,” 
“ grain,”  “pint,”  “drop,”  or  “minim,”  etc. — must  invariably  be  put  in  the  accusative 
case,  being  directly  governed  by  the  active  verb  recipe , “take.”f  Although  these 
measures  of  quantity  are  usually  represented  by  signs  (as  3,  5,  3,  0,  etc.),  which  can 
have  no  distinction  of  case,  yet  the  student  ought  to  be  able  to  write  them  out  should 
occasion  require;  for  if  he  is  acquainted  only  with  the  signs,  he  will  scarcely  be 
able  to  read  a prescription  written  out  in  full,  and  cases  might  occur  in  which  this 
would  be  highly  important;  thus,  he  might  be  applied  to  to  interpret  a prescription 
written  by  another  physician.  He  who  would  aspire  to  an  honorable  rank  in  his 
profession,  whether  as  a physician  or  pharmacist,  must  not  be  content  with  know- 
ing merely  what  is  absolutely  necessary,  but  should  use  every  means  within  his 
power  to  become  thoroughly  accomplished  in  the  different  branches  of  his  vocation. 

In  order  clearly  to  explain  the  application  of  the  rules  above  given,  it  may  be 
useful  to  cite  a number  of  examples.  Suppose  one  should  wish  to  write  out  in  full 
the  Latin  of  the  following : — 

Take  of  Sulphate  of  Magnesia  two  drachms, 
of  Infusion  of  Senna  a fluidounce. 

Mix. 

Now,  according  to  Rule  First,  the  material  itself  must  be  put  in  the  genitive;  we 
should  then  have  Magnesias  Sulphatis  (the  genitive  of  Magnesias  Sulphas ),  and  Infusi 
Sennas  (the  genitive  of  Infusum  Sennas).  According  to  Rule  Second,  the  word  de- 
noting the  quantity  must  be  put  in  the  accusative : therefore  we  must  write  drachmas 
(the  accusative  plural  of  drachma,  a “drachm:”  see  the  declension  of  Vena  on 
page  661),  and  fluidunciam  (Ihe  accusative  singular  of  fluiduncia,  a “fluidounce.”) 
The  whole,  written  out  in  full,  without  signs  or  abbreviations,  would  then  stand  as 
follows: — 

Recipe  Magnesite  Sulphatis  drachmas  duas 
' Infusi  Sennas  fluidunciam. 

Misce. 

The  principle  is,  of  course,  the  same  however  the  quantities  may  vary:  thus,  we 
might  substitute  six  drachms  for  two,  and  three  ounces  for  one,  in  which  case  the 

* Compare  the  following  names  occurring  in  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia, — Pilulse  Sapo- 
nis  Compositx  (“Compound  Pills  of  Soap”):  Tinctura  Opii  Acetata  (“  Acetated  Tincture  of 
Opium”),  Mistura  Ferri  Composita  (“Compound  Mixture  of  Iron”),  Infusum  Gsntianas  Composi- 
tion (“  Compound  Infusion  of  Gentian”),  Hydrargyrum  Ammoniatum  (“  Ammoniated  Mercury”), 
Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Rubrum  (“  Red  Oxide  of  Mercury”),  in  all  of  which  the  participle  or  adjec- 
tive is  placed  after  the  noun. 

f It  will  be  seen  that  the  principle  is  precisely  the  same  as  in  English  grammar:  thus,  when 
we  say,  in  English,  “Take  of  Infusion  of  Senna  an  ounce,”  it  is  not  the  noun  “Infusion,”  but 
“ounce,”  which  is  governed  in  the  objective  by  the  verb  “ take;”  “Infusion”  being  governed  by 
the  preposition  “ of.” 

684 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


noun  “fluidounce”  ( fluiduncia ) would  still  be  in  the  accusative,  the  only  change 
being  from  the  singular  to  the  plural,  while  the  terms  representing  the  materials 
would  remain  unchanged.  The  prescription  would  then  stand — 

Recipe  Magnesiae  Sulphatis  drachmas  sex.* 

Infusi  Sennse  fluiduncias  tres. 

Misce. 

Again:  suppose  we  wish  to  put  into  Latin  the  following: — 

Take  of  the  Carbonate  of  Magnesia  a drachm, 
of  the  Powder  of  Rhubarb  fifteen  grains, 
of  Peppermint  Water  tw'o  fluidounces. 

Let  a mixture  be  made,  of  which  a tablespoonful  may  be  given  every  two  hours. 

We  must  first  put  the  materials  in  the  genitive.  Magnesise  Carbonas  will  then  be 
changed  to  Magnesise  Carbonatis  ; Pulvis  Rliei , to  Pulveris  Rhei ; Aqua  Mentlise  Pi- 
peritse,  to  Aquse  Menthse  Piperitse.  The  quantities  being  put  in  the  accusative, 
drachma  is  changed  to  drachmam,  granurn  to  gr ana  (the  accusative  plural),  fluid- 
uncia  to  fluiduncias  (also  accusative  plural).  The  prescription  would  then  stand — 

Tfi  Magnesiae  Carbonatis  drachmam. 

Pulveris  Rhei  grana  quindecim. 

Aquae  Mentha?  Piperitae  fluiduncias  duas. 

Fiat  mistura,  cujus  detur  cochleare  magnum  omni  bihorio. 

Again,  write  the  following  in  Latin : — 

Take  of  the  Mixture  of  Ammoniac  three  fluidounces. 
of  the  Tincture  of  Castor  half  a fluidrachm. 
of  Syrup  of  Tolu  half  a fluidounce. 
of  Tincture  of  Opium  five  drops, 
of  Cinnamon  Water  a fluidounce. 

Let  a mixture  be  made.  Of  this  a dessert-spoonful  may  be  taken  every  three  hours. 

Putting  the  materials  in  the  genitive,  we  shall  have  to  change  Mistura  Ammoni- 
aci  to  Misturse  Ammoniaci,  Tinctura  Castorei  to  Tincturse  Castorei , Syrupus  Tolu- 
tanus  to  Syrupi  Tolutani,  Tinctura  Opii  to  Tincturse  Opii,  and  Aqua  Cinnamomi  to 
Aquse  Cinnamomi.  Putting  the  quantities  in  the  accusative,  we  must  write,  for 
“ three  fluidounces/’  fluiduncias  tres ; “half  a fluidrachm,”  jiuidrachmam  dimi- 
di am yj*  “half  a fluidounce,”  fluidunciam  dimidiam yj*  “five  drops,”  guttas  quinque; 
“ a fluidounce,”  Jluidunciam. 

The  whole  prescription  would  then  be  as  follows : — 

Recipe  Misturae  Ammoniaci  fluiduncias  tres. 

Tinctura?  Castorei  fluidrachmam  dimidiam. 

Syrupi  Tolutani  fluidunciam  dimidiam. 

Tinctura)  Opii  guttas  quinque. 

Aquae  Cinnamomi  fluidunciam. 

Fiat  mistura.  Ilujus  sumatur  cochleare  medium  omni  trihorlo. 


* The  learner  will  bear  in  mind  that  the  Latin  numerals  after  tres  (“  three”)  are  indeclina- 
ble; that  is,  the  termination  remains  the  same  through  all  the  cases. 

f It  is  to  be  observed  that  in  Latin  they  rarely  say  the  “half  of  a thing,”  but  commonly  use 
‘half,”  as  well  as  “whole,”  simply  as  an  adjective:  thus,  they  say  totus  orbis,  the  “whole 
world,”  urbs  tota,  the  “whole  city:”  in  like  manner,  they  would  say  dimidius  orbis  (or  oi'bis 
dimidius),  “half  the  world,”  urbs  dimidia , “half  the  city,”  &c.  In  writing,  however,  the 
phrase  an  “ounce  and  a half,”  they  do  not  say  unciarn  et  dimidiam , but  usually  unciam  (or 
uncia)  cum  semisse,  an  “ ounce  together  with  [its]  half.”  They  likewise  say  sesquiuncia  and 
sescuncia  (see  page  691). 


685 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


It  will  be  observed  that  in  the  last  two  examples,  directions  have  been  added 
respecting  the  dose,  and  the  time  when  it  should  be  taken.  It  is,  however,  gene- 
rally preferable — and  it  is  the  almost  universal  custom  in  this  country — to  write 
the  directions  in  English.  The  latter  part  of  these  prescriptions  might  then  be 
changed  as  follows : — 

Fiat  mistura.  Signa.*  Let  a tablespoonful  be  given  every  two  hours. 

Fiat  mistura.  Signa.*  Let  a dessert-spoonful  of  this  be  taken  every  three  hours. 

As,  however,  the  United  States  have  become  a place  of  resort  for  persons  from 
every  part  of  the  world,  and  it  is,  therefore,  important  that  our  physicians  and 
pharmacists  should  not  be  wholly  ignorant  of  the  customs  of  other  countries,  the 
two  following  rules  relating  to  the  proper  mode  of  writing  Latin  directions,  have 
been  added. 

Rule  Third. — In  the  directions  appended  to  a prescription,  the  terms  used  for 
the  purpose  of  indicating  the  time  when  (or  at  which)  the  medicine  should  be 
taken,  must  be  put  in  the  ablative  case.f  For  example : — 

Sfr  Massae  de  hydrargyro  grana  sex. 

Opii  grana  tria. 

Permisce  (vel  misce  accurate)  et  divide  in  pilulas  duodecim.  Ilarum  una  sumatur  onmi 
nocte. 

(“Take  of  Blue  Mass  (literally,  “of  the  mass  [prepared]  from  Mercury”)  six  grains, 
of  Opium  three  grains. 

Mix  thoroughly  (or  mix  carefully)  and  divide  into  twelve  pills.  Of  these  let  one  be  taken 
every  night.”) 

Recipe  Decocti  Cetrariae  ootarium. 

Ilujus  sumatur  poculum  omni  trihorio. 

(“Take  of  Decoction  of  Iceland  Moss  a pint.  Of  this  let  a cupful  be  taken  every  three 
hours.”.) 

Recipe  Magnesiae  drachmam. 

Aquae  Menthae  Piperitae  fluiduncias  se^. 

Misce. 

Capiat  cochleare  minimum  omni  hora. 

(“  Take  of  Magnesia  a drachm. 

of  Peppermint  Water  six  fluidounces. 

Mix  [them]. 

Let  him  [the  patient]  take  a teaspoonful  every  hour.”) 

So,  if  we  have  occasion  to  use  for  the  same  purpose  such  terms  as  the  follow- 
ing, “half  an  hour”  ( semiho'ra ),  an  “hour  and  a half”  (sesquiho'  ra),  “two  hours” 
(biho'rium)  [i.e.  the  “space  of  two  hours”],  “three  hours”  ( triho'rium ),  these  Latin 
nouns  (with  their  adjectives)  must  be  put  in  the  ablative:  e.g.  om'ni  semiho'ra, 
“every  half-hour,”  omni  bihurio,  “every  two  hours,”  quartd  qudqne  hord,  “every 
fourth  hour,”  qudque  semihord , “every  half-hour,”  qndque  sesquihord,  “every  hour 
ind  a half,”  etc.  etc.  So,  if  we  should  wish  to  say,  “at  night,”  we  must  write  noc'te 
(the  ablative  of  nox,  “night”),  “at  evening,”  ves'pere  (the  ablative  of  vesper),  etc. 
In  like  manner,  we  say  hord  somni,  “at  the  hour  of  sleep,”  or  hord  decubitus , “at 


* The  imperative  mood  of  signo , to  “mark,”  or  “write.” 

f Mane , “in  the  morning,”  commonly  regarded  as  an  adverb,  is  perhaps  the  ablative  case  of 
some  obsolete  noun.  Vespere,  “in  the  evening,”  though  usually  called  an  adverb,  appears  to  i.e 
nothing  more  than  the  ablative  singular  of  vesper , “ evening,”  a noun  of  the  third  declension. 
686 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


the  hour  (or  time)  of  going  to  bed,”  that  is,  “at  bedtime;”  hord  sextd,  “at  the  sixth 
hour,”  or  at  six  o’clock;  media  node , “at  midnight.”  If  we  use  the  noun  in  the 
plural,  the  rule  is  the  same:  e.g.  alternis  diebis , “every  other  day:”  literally,  “on 
alternate  days;”  singulis  nodibus , “in  each  of  the  nights,”  that  is,  “every  night;” 
in  all  of  which  examples,  as  it  will  be  seen,  the  noun  and  adjective  (whenever  it 
has  an  adjective)  are  put  in  the  ablative. 


Rule  Fourth. — Nouns  or  adjectives  showing  how  long  any  process  or  course  is 
to  be  continued,  must  be  put  in  the  accusative;  usually  governed  by^er,  “through,” 
“during,”  or  “for:”  as,  mcicera  per  horam , “macerate  for  an  hour,”  continnetur  per 
sex  dies , “let  it  be  continued  for  six  days,”  coque  per  quadrantern  horsey  “boil  for  a 
quarter  of  an  hour,”  etc. 


Prepositions  governing  the  Accusative. 


Ad,  to,  or  at;  also,  according  to:  as,  ad  defec- 
tio'nem  an'imi , “ to  fainting.” 

An'te,  before:  as,  an'te  decu'bitum,  “before 
lying  down:”  i.e.  before  going  to  bod. 

Con'tra,  against : as , con'tra  ver'mes,  “ against 
worms:”  i.e.  anthelmintic. 

In,  when  it  signifies  to,  or  into  * governs  the 
accusative : as,  te're  in  pid'verem,  “ rub  or 
grind  to  a powder;”  contun'de  in  mas'sam, 
“ beat  into  a mass.” 

In'fra,  below:  as,  ini  fra  or'bitam,  “below  or 
beneath  the  orbit.” 

In'ter,  between : as,  in'ter  scap'idas,  “ between 
the  shoulders.” 

In'tra,  in,  or  within : as,  in  lin'teum  consu'tum, 


“sewed  up  in  linen”  (applied  to  certain 
powders,  poultices,  etc.). 

Per,  through,  by,  during,  for:  as , per  ho'ram, 
“ for  an  hour,”  etc. 

Post,  after:  as,  post  par'tum , “after  parturi- 
tion.” 

Prae'ter,  beyond , exceeding : as,  pree'ter  natu'- 
ram,  “ beyond  or  contrary  to  [the  usual 
course  of  J nature.” 

Secun'dum,  according  to:  as,  secun'dum  ar'tem, 
“according  to  [the  rules]  of  art.” 

Sub,  near,  towards : as,  sub  JVnein , “ near  the 
end.” 

Su'per,  on,  or  upon:  as,  su'per  pan'num  (or 
alu'tam)  exten'de , “spread  upon  cloth  (or 
leather).” 


Prepositions  governing  the  Ablative. 


A,  ab,  or  abs,  from,  by:  as,  vis  a ter’ go,  “ force 
from  behind ;”  ab  ed  par'te,  “from  that  part.” 

Cum,  with : as,  hydrargyrum  cum  cre'td, 
“ mercury  with  chalk.” 

De,  from,  of:  as,  de  di'e  in  di'em,  “ from  day  to 
day.” 

E,  or  ex.  out,  from,  out  of:  as,  detraha'tur  e 
brach'io  san'guis,  “ let  blood  be  drawn  from 
the  arm mas'sa  ex  hydrad gyro , “ mass 
[prepared]  out  of  mercury.” 


In,  when  it  signifies  simply  in  or  on * (and  can- 
not be  rendered  by  into ) : as,  in  ventridulo, 
“in  the  stomach;”  in  u'tero,  “in  the  ute- 
rus.” 

Pro,  for,  according  to : as,  suma'tur  pro  po'tu, 
“ let  it  bo  taken  for  [or  as]  a drink;”  pro  re 
na'td,  “ according  to  circumstances.” 

Sub,  when  it  signifies  simply  under  or  beneath, 
without  any  idea  of  motion  to  or  towards  a 
place  or  thing  (see  note  to  In). 


The  table  following  comprises  the  most  important  of  those  Latin  verbs  which 
are  likely  to  be  used  in  writing  prescriptions,  directions,  etc.  By  observing  the 
power  or  signification  of  the  different  moods  and  tenses,  as  explained  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  table  (sec  Do,  da’ re,  Co'lo , cola' re,  etc.),  the  learner  will  be  able  to  apply 
the  same  to  such  other  verbs  as  he  may  meet  with.  Thus,  if  he  knows  that  det'raho 
signifies  to  “draw”  (compare  ex'traho , of  the  third  conjugation),  he  would  know 
that  det’rahat  must  mean  “he  may  draw,”  or  “let  him  draw,”  and  detraha'tur  (in 


* To  make  the  proper  distinction  between  in  governing  the  accusative,  and  in  governing  the 
ablative,  at  first  seems  difficult;  but  it  is  only  necessary  to  consider  the  sense  in  which  it  is  used. 
Whenever  there  is  an  idea  of  passing  or  changing  from  on e place  or  state  into  another,  in  is  fol- 
lowed by  the  accusative:  e.g.  red'ige  in puVverem,  “reduce  to  powder:”  here,  the  idea  implies  a 
change  from  one  state,  to  another;  so  injicia'tur  in  ventric'ulum,  “let  it  be  thrown  into  the 
stomach,”  in  which  case  the  change  is  from  one  place  to  another.  But  if  we  speak  of  a thing 
being  already  in  a certain  place  or  state,  the  preposition  is  invariably  followed  by  the  ablative : 
as,  in  ventric'ulo,  “in  the  stomach;”  in  u'tero,  “in  the  uterus;”  in  pul' vere,  “in  powder  or 
dust.”  In  English,  speaking  familiarly,  we  sometimes  use  “ in”  for  “ into,”  but  in  writing  Latin 
we  must  always  consider  the  idea  as  above  explained;  for,  whether  we  say,  pour  the  liquor  in 
the  bottle,  or  into  the  bottle,  the  meaning  is  the  same;  therefore  we  must  say  in  Latin,  fun'de 
liquo'rem  in  lagdnam , never  in  lage'nd. 


687 


Active  Voice.  Passive  Voice. 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


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* The  literal  sicnittfatimi  h,  “ he  may  give,”  “ it  may  be  given,”  “ he  may  apply,”  '*  it  may  be  applied,”  &c. : but  in  medical  language  it  is  usually  employed  as  third  person  of  the  im- 
perative : e.g  “ let  hiui  give,”  “ let  it  be  given,”  “ let  him  apply.” 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


the  passive),  "it  may  be  drawn,”  or  "let  it  be  drawn.”  So  rejig' io,  to  "reject” 
(compare  adjig'io ),  if  put  in  the  subjunctive  present  (rejig*  iat),  would  signify  "he 
[or  it]  may  reject;”  in  the  passive  ( rejicia'tur ),  "it  may  be  rejected,”  etc.  So 
ejig'io,  to  "eject;”  injig'io , to  "inject  [or  throw  into],”  etc.  etc.  It  is  important, 
however,  always  to  note  the  conjugation  to  which  a verb  belongs;  for  while  those 
of  the  first  conjugation  form  the  present  subjunctive  third  person  in  -et  (or  - ent ), 
the  others  form  it  in  -at  (or  -ant).  We  need  scarcely  remark,  that  if  the  student 
wishes  fully  to  master  this  branch  of  the  subject,  he  will  have  to  commence  the 
study  of  Latin  in  earnest,  which,  indeed,  he  ought  by  all  means  to  do,  if  his  cir- 
cumstances and  time  permit.  The  comparatively  brief  instructions  here  given,  are 
intended  for  those  who  have  not  time  to  study  the  subject  very  fully;  or  else  to 
teach  such  as  may  already  possess  some  knowledge  of  Latin,  how  to  apply  that 
knowledge  most  advantageously  in  their  medical  and  pharmaceutical  studies. 

It  should  be  observed  that  the  third  person  plural  of  the  subjunctive  present  (as 
well  as  of  several  other  tenses)  is  formed  by  inserting  n before  the  t of  the  singu- 
lar: thus,  dety  "he  may  give;”  dentf  "they  may  give;”  so  ca'piat  or  su'rnat,  "he 
may  take;”  ca’piant  or  su'mant,  "they  may  take.”  In  like  manner,  in  the  passive, 
n is  added  to  form  the  plural:  accordingly,  de'tur , capia'lur,  suma'tur , are  changed 
to  den'turf  capian'tur,  suman'turf  etc. 

Fi’oyji'eriy  an  irregular  verb,  signifying  to  "be  made,”  to  "become,”  to  "be,”  is 
much  used  in  prescriptions,  but  nearly  always  in  the  subjunctive  present:  as,  singu- 
lar, JVaty  "it  may  be  made,”  "let  it  be  made,”  or  "let  there  be  made;”  plural, 
ji'anty  "they  may  be  made,”  "let  them  be  made,”  or  "let  there  be  made:”  e.g.ji'at 
mistu'ra,  "let  a mixture  be  made;”  ji' ant  pilu'lse  duod'ecim,  "let  twelve  pills  be 
made,”  etc. 


The  following  are  some  of  the  most  important  Latin  terms  and  phrases  (not 


hitherto  explained)  used  in  prescriptions, 

Absen'te  fe'bre,  “ fever  being  absent”  (or  “in 
the  absence  of  fever”). 

Ad  lib' Hum,  “ at  or  according  to  the  pleasure 
[of  the  patient].” 

Adstan'te  fe'bre , “fever  being  present.” 

A I'iquot  (indeclinable),  “some,”  “several.” 

A'na  (abbreviated  aa ),  “ of  each.”  See  Ana, 
in  the  Dictionary. 

Bid'uum,  “ the  space  of  two  days.” 

Bis  in  di'e , “ twice  a day.” 

Cochlea're  am'plum  lar'gum  or  mag'num ,*  a 
“tablespoonful”  (literally,  a “large  or  big 
spoon”). 

Cochlea're  me'dium  or  mod'icum,  a “ dessert- 
spoonful” (literally,  a “middle  or  moderate 
[sized]  spoon”). 

Cochlea're  min'imum,  a “ teaspoonful”  (lite- 
rally, the  “ smallest  spoon i.e.  a spoon  of  the 
smallest  size);  also  termed  Cochlea're  par' vum 
or par'vulum,  a “small  spoon.” 

Cochlea* Urn,  “ by  spoonfuls.” 

Cras , “to-morrow.” 

Cucurbit'ula  cruen'ta,  ) a “ cupping-glass.” 

>-  See  these  terms  in 

Cucurbit'ula  sidca , ) the  Dictionary. 


directions,  etc. : — 

Cy'athus  (second  declension,  masculine),  a 
“wineglass”  or  “wineglassful.” 

De  di'e  in  di'em,  “ from  day  to  day.” 

Do'nec , “ until.” 

Dam  fe'bris  ab'sit , “ while  the  fever  is  ab- 
sent.” 

Bum  fe'bris  ad'stet , “ while  the  fever  is  on  or 
present.” 

Ejus'dem, , “of  the  same”  (gen.  of  i'dem). 

Fe'bre  duran'te,  or  duran'te  fe'bre , the  “ fever 
continuing”  (i.e.  “ if  the  fever  continues”). 

Fo'tus , a “ fomentation”  (fourth  declension). 

Frustilla'tim , “in  small  pieces.” 

Gutta'tim,  “ drop  by  drop.” 

Haus'tus , a “ draught”  (fourth  declension). 

He'ri,  “ yesterday.” 

Ho'ris  altednis,  or  alter'nis  ho'ris , “every 
other  hour.” 

In' dies,  “ daily,”  or  “from  day  to  day.” 

In promp'tu , “in  readiness.” 

Jule'pus,jule'pum,  or  jula'pium,  a “julep.” 

Lage'na , a “ bottle.” 

Le'ni  fo'co , “ by  a gentle  fire.” 

Le.n'to  ig'ne , “ by  a slow  fire.” 

Manip'ulus , a “ handful.” 


* When  cochlea're  is  used  by  itself, — that  is,  without  any  qualifying  word,  such  as  me'dium , 
or  min'imum , — it  is  to  be  understood  as  signifying  a “tablespoonful.”  It  would,  however,  be 
better  always  to  mention  the  kind  of  spoonful ; for  even  when  the  medicine  is  of  that  character 
that  a little  more  or  less  might  not  be  attended  with  any  serious  consequences,  it  is  always 
satisfactory  to  the  patient  or  attendants  to  have  explicit  directions. 

690 


ON  WRITING  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


Mi'ca  pa'nis,  “ crumb  of  bread.” 

Mo're  sol'ito , “in  the  usual  manner.” 

Pan'nus  tin' tens,  a “ linen  cloth.” 

Per  sal'tum , “ by  a leap  or  spring :”  applied 
to  blood  when  it  flows  from  the  vein  in  a jet. 

Phi' ala,  a “ vial  or  phial.” 

Ple'no  ri'vo , “in  a full  stream.” 

Post  ci'bum , “after  eating”  (literally,  “after 
food”). 

Pro  ratio'ne , “in  proportion  to:”  as,  pro 
im'petus  ratio'ne,  “in  proportion  to  the  vio- 
lence of  the  attack.” 

Prout , “according  as.” 

Quantum  suf'ficit,  or  quan'tum  suffip'iat,  a 
“sufficient -quantity”  (literally,  “as  much  as 
suffices,”  or  “as  much  as  may  suffice”). 

Quan'tum  vis,  “as  much  as  you  choose” 
(literally,  “as  much  as  you  will”). 

Qua'ter  in  di'e,  “ four  times  a day.” 

Quotid'ie , “ daily.” 

Semiho'ra,*  “ half  an  hour.” 


Se'mis , gen.  semis'sis,  a “ half.” 

Semiun'cia,*  “ half  an  ounce.” 

Septima'na  (first  declension),  a “ week.” 

Sescun'cia,*  or  Sesquiun'cia*  (better  Un'cia 
cum  semis' se),  an  “ ounce  and  a half.” 

Sesquiho'ra,*  an  “ hour  and  a half.” 

Sta'lim,  “ immediately.” 

Suitin' de , “ now  and  then.” 

Ter  in  di'e,  or  ter  di'e,  “three  times  a day.” 

Trid'uurn , the  “ space  of  three  days.” 

U'tor,  u'li,  “ to  use.”  This  verb  (which  is 
called  a “ depo'nent  verb,”  that  is,  one  having 
a passive  form  with  an  active  signification), 
instead  of  governing  the  accusative,  like  most 
other  active  verbs,  always  .governs  the  abla- 
tive: e.g.  uta'tur  linimen'to  cal'cis,  “let  him 
use,  or  make  use  of,  lime  liniment;”  utan'lur 
lotio'nihus  cre'bris,  “ let  them  use  frequent 
lotions.”  N.B. — Lo'tio  may  be  used  either  in 
the  sense  of  a “ wash,”  or  the  “ act  of  wash- 
ing.” 


* It  may  be  observed  as  a universal  rule,  that  when  a simple  noun  forms  the  termination  of 
a compound,  the  latter  is  declined  in  the  same  manner  as  the  simple  word:  thus,  jluidun'cia, 
semiun'cia,  sesquiun'cia,  etc.  are  declined  precisely  liko  un'cia;  and  semiho'ra,  sesquiho'ra,  etc. 
like  ho'ra:  so  merid'ies,  “mid-day,”  is  declined  like  di'es,  “day;”  and  perlus'sis,  “hooping- 
cough,”  like  tussis,  a “cough.”  If,  however,  the  termination  is  changed,  it  is  obvious  that  the 
declension  must  be  different;  biho'rium,  triho'rium,  etc.,  being  neuter  nouns  of  the  second 
declension,  are  declined  like  ligamenlum,  on  page  663. 


691 


TABLE  OF  DOSES, 

FOR  ADULTS. 


[See  Dose,  in  the  Dictionary.] 


Absinthium  9j.  to  9ij. 

Acetum  colchici f3j.  to  f Sij. 

Acetum  scillae fSss.  to  f Sj. 

Achillea  millefolium 9j.  to  9ij. 

Acid,  acetic,  dilutum fSj.  to  fSss. 

Acid,  arseniosum ^ to  J of  a gr. 

Acid,  benzoicum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Acid,  carbolicum gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Acid,  citricum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Acid,  hydrocyanic,  dilut Tttj.  to  TTbiv. 

Acid,  lacticum fSss.  to  f Sij - 

Acid,  muriaticum  dilut TILx.  to  TfLxxx. 

Acid,  nitric,  dilut TTLx.  to  Ttlxxx. 

Acid,  phosphoricum  dilut. ..Ttlx.  to  f Sj • 

Acid,  sulphuric,  dilut Tlbx.  to  Trfxxx. 

Acid,  tannicum gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Acid,  tartaricum gr.  v.  to  Sss. 

Aconitia gr.  1J0  to  gr. 

Aconiti  folium gr.  j.  to  gr.  ij. 

Aconiti  radix gr.  ss.  to  gr.  j. 

AEther TTlxx.  to  ITflx. 

AEther  fortior TTpxx.  to  fSj. 

iEther  sulphuricus DXxx.  to  fSj. 

Aletris gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Allium Sss.  to  Sij. 

Aloe gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Althaea Sj.  to  Sss. 

Alumen gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Aluminae  et  ammon.  sul gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Ammoniacum gr.  x.  to  9j. 

Ammonia?  carbonas gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Ammoniae  murias gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Ammoniae  valerianas gr.  ij.  to  gr.  viii. 

Anethum  gr.  xv.  to  Sj. 

Angelica Sss.  tcTSj. 

Angustura gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Anisum  gr.  xv.  to  3j. 

Antliemis 9j.  to  3ij. 

Ant.  et  pot.  tart,  diaph gr.  ^ to  gr.  £. 

Ant.  et  pot.  tart,  emetic gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Antimonii  oxidum gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Antimon.  sulph.  praecip gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Apocynum  cannab.(pulv.)...gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Aqua  acidi  carbon ad  libitum. 

Aq.  ammo,  (dilut.  in  water).. TTLx.  to  TIL  xxx. 

Aqua  cinnamomi fSss.  to  f Sij. 

Aqua  creasoti f Sj  - to  fSij. 

Aqua  foeniculi f Sj-  to  fSiv. 

Aqua  laurocerasi TILxxx.  to  f3j. 

Aqua  menthae  piperitae f Sj.  to  fSiv. 

Aqua  menthae  viridis f Sj.  to  fSiv. 

Aqua  rosae ad  libitum. 

Aralia  nudicaulis 9j.  to  Sj. 

Aralia  spinosa 9j.  to  3j. 

Argenti  nitras gr.  to  gr.  ij. 

Argenti  oxidum 5 gr.  to  gr.  ij. 

Armoraciae  radix 9j.  to  Sj. 

Arnica gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Arsenici  iodidum to  £ of  a gr. 

Arum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Asarum gr.  xx.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Asclepias gr.  xx.  to  3j. 

692 


Assafoetida ;...gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Atropia gr.  A0  to  gr.  X. 

Atropia?  sulphas gr.  1(5>0  to  gr. 

Aurantii  amari  cortex Sss.  to  Sj. 

Azedarach  (decoc.)  (for  a 

child)  , a tablespoonful. 

Balsamum  Peruwianum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Balsamum  Tolutanum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Barii  cliloridum.  See  Liquor  Barii  Chloridi. 

Belladonnae  folia gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Belladonna?  radix gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iij. 

Benzoinum gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Berberin gr.  j.  to  gr.  x. 

Bismuthi  subcarbonas gr.  v.  to  gr.  xlv. 

Bismuthi  subnitras gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Bistortae  radix gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Brominium gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Brucia  gr.  j to  gr. 

Buchu gr.  xx.  to  Sj. 

Cadmii  sulphas gr.  ss.  to  gr.  ij. 

Calamus gr.  x.  to  Sj. 

Calcis  carbonas  praecip gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Calumba gr.  x.  to  9j. 

Camphora gr.  j.  to  gr.  x. 

Canella gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Cantliaris gr.  ss.  to  gr.  j. 

Capsicum gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Cardamomum gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Carthamus  (infus.) f Sij.  to  fSiv. 

Carum Dj.  to  Sj. 

Caryophyllus gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Cascarilla gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Cassia  fistula 3ij.  to  Sj. 

Cassia  Marilandica Sj.  to  Siij. 

Castoreum gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Cataria Sj.  to  Sij. 

Catechu gr.  v.  to  Sss. 

Cetaceum gr.  xv.  to  Siss. 

Chenopodium  9j.  to  9ij. 

Chimaphila Sss.  to  Sj. 

Chiretta gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Chloroformum  purific TTLv.  to  TTLxl. 

Cirnicifuga gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Cinchona  pulv 3ss.  to  Sss. 

Cinchoniae  sulphas gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Cinnamomi  oleum T1Lj.  to  fTfiv. 

Cinnamomum gr.  v.  to  9j. 

Colchici  radix gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Colchici  semen gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Confectio  aromatica gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Confectio  aurantii  corticis..5j.  to  Sj. 

Confectio  opii gr.  x.  to  9ij. 

Confectio  rosa? Sj.  to  Sj. 

Confectio  senna? Sj.  to  Sss. 

Conium  gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Contrayerva?  radix gr.  x.  to  Sj. 

Copaiba TILxv.  to  f 3j. 

Coptis  (pulv.)  gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx.  (Tinct.)  f Ssa 
to  f Sj- 

Coriandrum  3j.  to  Sj. 

Cornus  (pulv.) 9j.  to  3j. 

Cornus  circinata  (pulv.) 9j.  to  Sj. 


TABLE  OF  DOSES. 


Cornus  sericea  (pulv.) 9j.  to  5j- 

Cotula,  infusion fgj.  to  fgij. 

Creta  praeparata gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Crocus  gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Cubeba 3j.  to  3iij- 

Cumini  semina 9j.  to  3j- 

Cupri  subacetas used  externally. 

Cupri  sulphas,  emetic gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Cupri  sulphas,  tonic gr.  £ to  gr.  j. 

Cuprum  ammoniatum gr.  £ to  gr.  iv. 

Curcuma gr.,v.  to  3ss. 

Cuspariae  cortex gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Cusso  (or  Koosso) Sss. 

Cydonium ad  libitum. 

Cypripedium gr.  x.  to  gr.  xv. 

Decoct,  cetrariae fgij.  to  fgiij. 

Decoct,  chirnaphilae fgij.  to  fgiij. 

Decoct,  cinchonas fgj.  to  f ' 5 i j - 

Decoct,  cornfis  florida; f Sj.  to  fgij. 

Decoct,  dulcamaras fgss.  to  fgij. 

Decoct,  haematoxyli fgj.  to  fgij. 

Decoct,  quercfts  alb fgj.  to  fgij. 

Decoct,  sarsaparillas f giij-  to  fgvi. 

Decoct,  sarsaparillae  comp...f giij.  to  fgvi. 

Decoct,  senegas fgj.  to  fgij. 

Decoct,  uvae  ursi fgj.  to  fgij. 

Delphinium  (tinct. of  seed)..Tllx.  to  lllxxx. 

Digitalin gr.  to  gr.  fo. 

Digitalis  (folia) gr.  £ to  gr.  iij. 

Diospyros  (dried) 5j-  to  5ij- 

Dracontium  gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Dulcamara gr.  xx.  to  5j. 

Elatcrium gr.  1 or  4:  to  gr.  j. 

Ergota gr.  v.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Erigeron  (infus.) fgij.  to  fgiij. 

Erigeron  Canadense(pulv.)..gr.  xx.  to  5j. 

Euonymus  (pulv.) 3j.  to  3j. 

Eupatorium  (pulv.) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Euphorbia  corollata,  eme<i'c..gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  absinth gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Extract,  aconiti gr.  ss.  to  gr.  j. 

Extract,  aconiti  alcohol gr.  £ to  gr.  j.  or  ij. 

Extract,  aloes gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Extract,  antliemidis  fluid... Tllxx.  to  f5j. 

Extract,  arnicas  alcohol gr.  £ to  gr.  j. 

Extract,  belladonnas gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Ext.  belladonnae  alcohol gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Extract,  buchu  fluidum f5j. 

Extract,  cannabis gr.  £ to  gr.  v. 

Extract,  cimicifugae  fluid.. .f  5ss. 

Extract,  cinclionae gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Extract,  cinchonas  fluid ?5ss.  to  f 3j- 

Extract,  colchici  acet gr.  b to  gr.  ij. 

Ext.  colchici  rad.  fluid TTlv.  to  Tllxv. 

Ext.  colchici  seminis  fluid.. Tip v.  to  Tllxv. 
Extract,  colocynth.  alcoh...gr.  iij.  to  gr.  vi. 

3ixt.  colocynth.  comp gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Extract,  conii gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Extract,  conii  alcohol gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Extract,  conii  fluidum TTlv.  to  TTlx. 

Extract,  digitalis  alcohol.... gr.  ss.  to  gr.  ij. 

Extract,  dulcamaras gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Ext.  dulcamaras  fluidum Tllxx.  to  f Sj- 

Extract,  ergotas  fluidum Tllx.  to  f3ss. 

Extract,  gentianae gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Ext.  gentianae  fluidum f5ss.  to  f 5j 

Extract,  glycyrrhizae ad  libitum. 

Extract,  graminis gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  hasmatoxyli gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Extract,  hellebori  alcohol. ..gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Extract,  humuli gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Extract,  hyoscyami gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Extract,  hyoscyami  alcoh...gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Ext.  hyoscyami  fluidum Tllv.  to  TTlx. 

59 


Extract,  ignatias  alcohol gr.  1 to  gr. 

Extract,  ipecacuan.  fluid Tllj.  to  TTfxx. 

Extract,  jalapae gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  juglandis gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Extract,  krameriae gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  lactucae gr.  ij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Extract,  lupulinae  fluidum.. TTlv.  to  TTlx. 

Ext.  nuci8  vomicae  alcoh gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Extract,  opii gr.  1 to  gr.  j. 

Extract,  papaveris gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Extract,  podophylli gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Ext.  pruni  Virgin,  fluidum.. fgj. 

Extract,  quassiae gr.  iij.  to  gr.  v. 

Extract,  rhei gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  rhei  alcohol gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Extract,  rhei  fluidum f 5s8.  to  f Sj- 

Extract.  sarsaparillas gr.  x.  to  5j. 

Extract,  sarsap.  fluidum f 3j. 

Extract,  senegas  alcohol gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Extract,  sennae  fluidum f gss. 

Extract,  serpentarise  fluid...f  3ss.  to/f3j- 
Ext.  spigeliae  et  sen.  fluid. . . f 3 i j - 

Extract,  spigelias  fluid f 5j  - 

Extract,  stramonii gr- j-  to  gr.  ij. 

Extract,  stramonii  alcoh gr.  1 to  gr.  j. 

Extract,  taraxaci gr.  x.  to  3j- 

Extract,  taraxaci  fluidum. ..f'5j.  to  f5ij. 
Extract,  uva  ursi  fluidum... f 3j  to  fgij. 
Extract,  valerianae  alcoh. ...gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 
Extract,  valerianae  fluid.. ...f3j. 

Ext.  veratri  virid.  fluid TTlv.  to  TTlx. 

Ext.  /.ingiberis  fluidum TTlx.  to  Tllxx. 

Ferri  chloridum gr.  iij.  to  gr.  v. 

Ferri  citras gr.  iij.  to  gr.  vj. 

Ferri  et  ammonias  citras gr.  iij  t > gr.  vj. 

Ferri  et  ammon.  sulphas gr.  x.  t>  gr.  xv. 

Ferri  et  ammon.  tartras gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Ferri  et  potassae  tartras gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Ferri  et  quinia1  citras gr.  v. 

Ferri  ferrocyanidum ...gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Ferri  lactas gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Ferri  oxidum  hydrat.  (as  an 

antidote  to  arsenic) fgss.  to  fgiv. 

Ferri  phosphas gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Ferri  pulvis gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Ferri  pyrophosplias gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Ferri  subcarbonas gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Ferri  sulphas gr.  ij.  to  gr.  vj. 

Ferri  sulphas  exsiccata gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Ferrurn  ammoniatum gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Ferrum  redactum gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Ficus ad  libitum. 

Filicis  radix 5j-  to  3ij. 

Fceniculi  semina 3j.  to  3j. 

Frasera  (pulv.)., gr.  xx.  to  5j- 

Galbanum  gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Galla  (pulv.) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Gambogia gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Gaultheria  (infus.) fgij. 

Gelsemium gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Gentiana gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Gentiana  Catesbaei  (pulv.)...gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Geranium  (pulv.) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Geum,  decoction fgj.  to  fgij. 

Gillenia(pulv.) gr.  xx.  to  gr.  xxx 

Glycerina f5j-  to  f 3ij- 

Gossypii  radix gr.  v.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Granati  cortex 3j.  to  3j- 

Guaiaci  lignum 3j-  to  3U- 

Guaiaci  resina gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Hedeoma 5j.  to  3ij. 

Helianthemum  extractum..gT.  j.  to  gr.  ij. 

Helleborus  gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Hepatica (infus.) gij.  to  giv. 


TABLE  OF  DOSES. 


Heuchera gj.  to  gij. 

Humulus gr.  v.  to  9j 

Hydrarg.  chlorid.  corrosiv...gr.  A to  gr 
Hydr.  chlor.  mite,  alterat... gr.  A to  gr 
Hydr.  cblor.  mite,  cathar... gr.  v.  to  3j 

Hydrarg.  cyanidum gr.  A to  gr 

Hydrarg.  iodidum  rubrum..gr.  ^ to  gr. 

Hydrarg.  iodidum  viride gr.  £ to  gr.  iij.  or  iv. 

Hydrarg.  oxidum  nigrum... gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 
Hydrarg.  oxidum  rubrum...used  externally. 
Hydr.  sulphas  liava,  emet....g r.  ij.  to  gr.  y. 
Hydrarg.  sulpliuret.  nigr....gr.  v.  to  9j. 
Hydrargyrum  ammoniat....used  externally. 
Hydrargyrum  cum  creta....gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Hydrastis gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Hyoscyami  folinm gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Ilyoscyami  semen gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Ignatia  (pulv.) gr.  iij.  to  gr.  v. 

I n fu sum  angusturae fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  anthemidis fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  buchu..... f 5 j . to  15 ij. 

Infusum  calumbae — f 5j - to  fgij. 

Infusum  capsici fgss.  to  fgj. 

Infusum  caryophylli f gj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  cascarillae fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  catecliu  comp fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  cinchonae  Havre fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  cinchona?  rubra?. . .f gj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  digitalis f5ij.  to  fgss. 

Infusum  eupatorii fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  gentiause  comp. ...fgss.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  humuli fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  juniperi fgij.  to  fgiv. 

Infusum  krameria? fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  lini  comp ad  libitum. 

Infusum  pareira? fgj.  to  fgij’. 

Infusum  picis  liquidae fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  pruni  Virginianae..f  gij.  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  quassia? fgss.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  rhei fgss.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  rosae  comp fgss.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  salviae fgij. 

Infusum  sennae fgij.  to  fgiv. 

Infusum  serpentariae fgj.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  simarubae fgss.  to  fgij. 

Infusum  spigelia? fgij.  to  fgviij. 

Infusum  taraxaci fgij. 

Infusum  valerianae fgij. 

Infusum  zingiberis fgij. 

Inula 3j.  to  gj. 

Iodinium  gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Ipecacuanha,  diaphoretic... gr.  ss.  to  gr.  ij. 

Ipecacuanha,  emetic gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Iris  versicolor gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Jala  pa  gr.  x.  to  9j. 

Juniperus 3j.  to  gj. 

Juniperus  Virginiana no  dose. 

Kino gr.  x.  to  gss. 

Koosso,  or  Kousso.  See  Cusso. 

Krameria  (extract) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Lactucarium gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Lappa 3j.  to  5ij. 

Lauri  baccae gr.  x.  to  9j. 

Leptandra  (pulv.) gr.  xv.  to  gj. 

Leptaudrin gr.  £ to  gr.  j. 

Liinonis  cortex adjuvant. 

Linum  catharticum 3j.  to  gj. 

Liquor  ammoniae.  See  Aqua  Ammoniae. 

Liquor  ammonite  acetatis...f  gij.  to  fgss. 

Liquor  barii  chloridi TTfiij.  to  TTfx. 

Liquor  calcis fgj.  to  fgiv. 

Liquor  calcis  chloridi ITfxx.  to  fgj. 

Liquor  ferri  citratis.. Tty.  to  TTy. 

Liquor  ferri  iodidi.  See  Syrupus  Ferri  Iodidi. 

694 


Liquor  ferri  nitratis Tty.  to  Tty  v.  or  xx 

Liquor  iodinii  comp Tty.  to  Tiyxx. 

Liquor  magnesite  citratis. ..f  gxij. 

Liquor  morphia?  sulphatis...f 5ss.  to  fgij. 

Liquor  potassa? Tty.  to  Tiyx. 

Liquor  potassse  arsenitis Try.  to  Tiyx. 

Liquor  potassa?  carbonatis.  ..Tty . to  fgj. 

Liquor  potassa?  citratis fgss. 

Liquor  soda? Tty.  to  Ttyx. 

Liriodendron  (pulv.) gj.  to  gij. 

Lithia?  carbonas... gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Lobelia,  emetic gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Lupulina gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Lycopus I pt.  to  1 pt. 

Macis 3j.  to  gss. 

Magnesia...'. 3j.to  gj. 

Magnesia? carbonas gj.  to  gij. 

Magnesia?  sulphas gss.  to  gj. 

Magnolia  (pulv.) gss.  to  gj. 

Manganesii  carbonas gr.  v. 

Manganesii  sulphas,  ca£/t....gj.  to  gij. 

Manna gss.  to  gj. 

Marrubium 3j.  to  gj. 

Mastiche gr.  x.  to  gss. 

Matico  (pulv.) gss.  to  gij. 

Matricaria gj.  to  gss. 

Melissa gj.  to  gij. 

Mentha  piperita gj.  to  gij. 

Mezereum  gr.  x.  to  gss. 

Mistura  ammoniaci ...fgss. 

Mistura  amygdala? fgij.  to  fgviii. 

Mistura  assafoetidas fgss.  to  fgij. 

Mistura  chloroform i fgss.  to  fgj. 

Mistura  cretoe fgss. 

Mistura  ferri  comp fgss. 

Mistura  glycyrrhizae  comp.. .a  tablespoonful. 

Mistura  potassa?  citratis fgss. 

Monarda gj.  to  gij.  See  Oleum  Monardaa 

Morphia gr.  j to  gr.  £. 

Morphia?  acetas gr.  } to  gr.  £. 

Morphiae  murias gr.  £ to  gr.  £. 

Morphia?  sulphas gr.  j to  gr.  £. 

Moschus gr.  j.  to  gr.  x. 

Mucilago  acacia? fgij.  to  fgj. 

Mucilago  sassafras fgij.  to  fgj. 

Mucuna  (syrup) fgij.  to  fgiv. 

Myristica gr.  x.  to  gss. 

Myrrha gr.  x.  to  9j. 

Nectandra gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Nux  vomica gr.  v. 

Oleoresina  capsici gr.  | to  gr.  £. 

Oleoresina  cubebae TThij . to  TTfx. 

Oleoresina  lupulina? TTy.  to  ITliij. 

Oleoresina  piperis Ilf  ^ to  try. 

Oleoresina  zingiberis TTf  i to  TTf  j. 

Oleum  amygdalae  amara?....TTf  | to  TT]j. 

Oleum  amygdalae  dulcis fgj.  to  fgss. 

Oleum  anisi TTf  v.  to  Tl^xr. 

Oleum  anthemidis Tlfv.  to  TTfx. 

Oleum  cajuputi M^j.  to  Ttfij. 

Oleum  camphorae TTf  j.  to  Tlf  v. 

Oleum  cari Tty.  to  TT|_ viil 

Oleum  caryophylli Tlf  j.  to  TTfv. 

01.  chenopodii  (for  child).... Try.  to  Tllx. 

Oleum  cinnamomi Ttl_ j.  to  llfv. 

Oleum  copaibae T?Ix.  to  ttlxv. 

Oleum  cubeba? Tllvi.  to  TTfxii. 

Oleum  erigerontis  Canad....TlI  j.  to  Try. 

Oleum  foeniculi Tty.  to  TTIx. 

Oleum  gaultheria? TTf  j.  to  Tlliij. 

Oleum  liedeomae TTIj.  to  Tlfv. 

Oleum  juniperi Tty.  to  TTyr. 

Oleum  lavandula? TTIj.  to  Tty. 

Oleum  limonis Tty.  to  TTl_v. 


TABLE  OF  DOSES. 


Oleum  lini f 5ij.  to  fSj. 

Oleum  menthaj  piperitae TUv.  to  T)[x. 

Oleum  mcnthae  viridis TTLv.  to  Tlfx. 

Oleum  monardae opij.  to  Pliij. 

Oleum  morrhuae fSij.  to  f Sj- 

Oleum  myristicaj Tty  . to  Tllv. 

Oleum  olivai fSij.  to  f Sij- 

Oleum  origani TT\.j.  to  Try. 

Oleum  pimentae TJXij - to  Trfvi. 

Oleum  pulegii TIXi.  to  try. 

Oleum  ricini f3ss.  tofSj. 

Oleum  rosmarini Tllij.  to  Tiy. 

Oleum  sabinse Try.  to  Try. 

Oleum  sassafras Tty.  to  Tty. 

Oleum  sesami f5j.  to  fSss. 

Oleum  succini  rectificatuni..Tiy.  to  TTpxv. 

Oleum  tabaci Tlf  £ to  Tip  ±. 

Oleum  tcrebinthinae,  anth...f  5j.  to  f3ss. 

Oleum  terebinthinae,  diur...Tt\x.  to  f5ss. 

Oleum  theobromae 5j.  to  3»s. 

Oleum  thymi Tipv.  to  liPx. 

Oleum  tiglii Ttys.  to  Tipj. 

Oleum  Valeriana} TTfij.  to  Tty. 

Opium  gr.  £ to  gr.  iij. 

Oxymel f5j.  to  f3ss. 

Oxymel  scilla} fSss.  to  f5ij. 

Panax 5ss.  to  5j. 

Papaver 3j.  to  5ij. 

Pareira gr.  xx.  to  5j. 

Pepo 3j. 

Petroselinum applied  externally. 

Phytolacca}  baccm  (tinct.)...f  5j. 

Pil.  aloes gr.  iv.  to  gr.  x. 

Pil.  aloes  et  assafoetidae gr.  viii.  to  3j. 

Pil.  aloes  et  mastiches gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Pil.  aloes  et  myrrhae gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Pil.  antimonii  compos gr.  iij.  to  gr.  vi. 

Pil.  assafoetidae gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Pil.  cathart.  compos gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Pil.  copaibai gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Pil.  ferri  carbonatis gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Pil.' Terri  compositae pil.  i.  to  pil.  ij. 

Pil.  ferri  iodidi pil.  j.  to  pil.  iij. 

Pil.  galbani  comp gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Pil.  hydrarg.  alterative gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Pil.  hydrarg.  cathartic gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Pil.  opii pil.  £ to  pil.  j. 

Pil.  quiniae  sulphatis pil- j-  to  pil.  v. 

Pil.  rhei gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Pil.  rhei  composita; gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Pil.  saponis  compositae gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xviii. 

Pil.  scillae  comp gr.  v.  to  3ss. 

Piinenta gr.  v.  to  3ij. 

Piper gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Piperina gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Pix  Iiquida gr.  xx.  to  5j- 

Plumbi  acetas gr.  £ to  gr.  v. 

Plumbi  iodidum gr.  £ to  gr.  iij.  or  iv. 

Plumbi  nitras gr.  £ to  gr.  £. 

Podophyllum about  gr.  xx. 

Polygala  rubella gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Potassa.  See  Liquor  Potassae. 

Potassa  cum  calce externally. 

Potassa*  acetas 3j.to  5j. 

Potassa}  bicarbonas gr.  xv.  to  5j. 

Potassae  bichromas,  emetic.. .gr.  £ to  gr.  £. 

Potassae  bisulphas 3j.  to  5ij. 

Potassae  bitartras,  aper 5j-  to  3ij. 

Potassae  bitartras,  cath Sss. 

Potassae  carbonas 3ss.  to  Sss. 

Potassae  carbonas  pur gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Potassae  chloras gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Potassae  citras gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Potassae  et  sodae  tartras 3ij.  to  Sj. 


Potassae  nitras gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Potassae  permanganas gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Potassae  sulphas ......3j.  to  £ij. 

Potassae  tartras 5j-  to  3ss. 

Potassii  bromidum gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Potassii  cyanidum gr.  to  gr.  j. 

Potassii  ferrocyanidum gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Potassii  iodidum gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Potassii  sulphuretum gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Prinos  (pulv.) gr.  xx.  to  3j. 

Prunus  Virginiaua  (pulv.)...gr.  xx.  to  5j. 

Pulv.  aloes  et  canellae gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Pulv.  aromaticus gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Pulv.  ipecacuan.  compos gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulv.  jalapae compositae gr.  xxx.  to  3j- 

Pulv.  rhei  compos 5-ss.  to  3j. 

Pyre  thrum gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Quassia gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Quercusalba 3j.  to  5j. 

Quercus  tinctoria gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Quiniae  sulphas gr.  j.  to  gr.  xv. 

Quiniae  valerianas gr.  j.  to  gr.  ij. 

Resina  jalapae gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Resina  podophylli,  alter gr.  ^ to  gr.  j. 

Resina  podophylli,  cathar... gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Resina  scammonii gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Rheum  gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Rhus  glabrum gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Rosa  centi folia ad  libitum. 

Rosa  Gallica 3j.  to  5j- 

Rosmarinus  gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Rottlera  (pulv.) 5ij.  to  5iv. 

Rubia gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Rubus  (pulv.) gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Ruta 3j.  to  3ij. 

Sabadilla gr.  v.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Sabbatia  (pulv.) gr.  xx.  to  3j. 

Sabina gr.  v.  to  gr.  x. 

Saccliarum  lactis adjuvant. 

Salieina gr.  iij.  to  gr.  vi. 

Salix  gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Salvia  (pulv.) gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Sambucus 5j-  to  3ij. 

Sanguinaria,  emetic gr.  x.  to  gr.  xx. 

Santonica gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Santoninum gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Sapo gr.  v.  to  3j. 

Sarsaparilla  3j.  to  5j. 

Sassafras  medulla 3j.  to  5j- 

Sassafras  radicis  cortex 5j-  to  5ij. 

Scammouium gr.  ij.  to  gr.  x. 

Scilla  gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Scoparius  (pulv.) gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Scutellaria 5ij. 

Senega gr.  x.  to  3ss. 

Senna 5ss.  to  5ij. 

Serpentaria  gr.  x.  to  3j. 

Sesami  folium ad  libitum. 

Simaruba 3j.  to  5j. 

Sinapis  alba 3j.  to  5ij. 

Sinapis  nigra 3j.  to  3ij. 

Sodae  acetas 3j.  to  5ij. 

Sodae  bicarbonas 3ss.  to  3ss. 

Sodae  boras gr.  v.  to  3ss. 

Sodae  et  potassae  tartras.  See  Potassae  et  Sodae 
Tartras. 

Sodae  nitras gr.  v.  to  gr.  xx. 

Sodae  phosplias Sss.  to  3ij. 

Sodae  sulphas 5ij.  to  3j. 

Sodm  sulphis 3ss.  to  5j. 

Solidago,  infusion f 3ij.  to  fSiv. 

Spigelia gr.  x.  to  3ij. 

Spira}a,  extract gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Spiritus  aetheris  comp .f-Jss.  to  ?5ij. 

695 


TABLE  OF  DOSES. 


Spirit  us  aetheris  nitrosi f3ss.  to  fSj. 

Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici..f  5ss.  to  foj. 

Spiritus  ammonias f3ss.  to  f 5j. 

Spiritus  ammoniae  aromat...f  5ss.  to  f5j. 

Spiritus  anisi f 5ss.  to  fSj. 

Spiritus  camphorne TTlv.  to  t‘5j. 

Spiritus  cliloroformi f5ss.  to  f'5j. 

Spiritus  cinnamomi f 5j.  to  foij. 

Spiritus  frumenti fSss.  to  fSj. 

Spiritus  juniperi  comp f oj.  to  f Sss. 

Spiritus  lavandulae Tllxxx.  to  f3j. 

Spiritus  lavandulae  comp...f  3ss.  to  foij. 

Spiritus  limonis f3j.  to  f3ij. 

Spiritus  menthae  piperitae...f  3ss.  to  foij. 

Spiritus  menthae  viridis f 3ss.  to  foij. 

Spiritus  myrciae used  externally. 

Spiritus  myristicae f 5ss.  to  f 3ij- 

Spiritus  rosmarini Ttlxxx.  to  l'3j. 

Spiritus  vini  Gallici f 3ij  - to  fSss. 

Spongia  usta 3ss.  to  oj. 

Stannum 5j-  to  oij. 

Stapliisagriae  semina gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

Statice  gr.  xv.  to  3ss. 

Stillingia  (pulv.) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Stramonii  folium gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Strychnia gr.  A to  gr.  \. 

Strychniae  sulphas gr.  ^ to  gr.  £. 

Stvrax  gr.  x.  to  5ss. 

Sulphur  lotum 3ss.  to  oij. 

Sulphur  prsecipitatum 3ss.  to  5ij. 

Sulphur  sublimatum 5j.  to  5iij. 

Sulphuris  iodidum used  externally. 

Syrupus  aurantii  cortex f 5j.  to  f ->iv. 

Syrupus  ferri  iodidi TTfxx.  to  Till. 

Syrupus  ipecacuanhas 5j.  to  Sj. 

Syrupus  krameriae oij.  to  Sss. 

Syrupus  lactucarii f 3j.  to  f 5ij. 

Syrupus  papaveris f5ss.  to  f 5ij. 

Syrupus  pruni  Virginianae..f  Sss. 

Syrupus  rliamni foj.tofSj. 

Syrupus  rhei f Sj . to  f gij . 

Syrupus  rhei  aromaticus....f Sss.  to  fSj. 

Syr.  sarsaparillae  comp f Sss. 

Syrupus  scillae.... f 3ss.  to  f5j. 

Syr.  scillae  comp  .expect Ttlxx.  to  f5j. 

Syrupus  senegae f 3j-  to  f3ij. 

Syrupus  sennae f 3ij-  to  f Sj. 

Tabacum  (infus.) TTlxl.  to  lfflx. 

Tamarindus 5iv.  to  Sij. 

Taraxacum oij.  to  5iv. 

Terebintliina 3ss.  to  oj. 

Terebinthina  Canadensis....  TTlv.  to  TTlx. 

Testa  praeparata gr.  x.  to  Sss. 

Tinet.  aconiti  folii Ttlxv.  to  Ttlxxx. 

Tinct.  aconiti  radicis TTTiij . to  Ttlx, 

Tinct.  aloes fSss.  to  fSiss. 

Tinct.  aloes  et  myrrhae f3j.  to  f Sij  - 

Tinct.  arnicae Ttfxx.  to  f5j. 

Tinct.  assafoetida? f 5j.  to  f 3ij- 

Tinct.  aurantii foj.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  belladonna} Ttlx.  to  Ttlxxx. 

Tinct.  benzoini  comp f 5j.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  calumbae f 5j.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  camphone.  See  Spiritus  Cainpliorae. 

Tinct.  cannabis TTlv.  to  TTlxx. 

Tinct.  cantharidis Ttlxx.  to  fSj. 

Tinct.  capsici Tt^x.  to  foj. 

Tinct.  cardamomi foj.  to  l'oij. 

Tinct.  cardamomi  comp foj.  to  f 3ij. 

Tinct.  castorei foss.  to  foj. 

Tinct.  catechu foj.  to  foij. 

696 


Tinct.  cinchonae ... foj.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  cinchonae  comp foj.  to  fSss. 

Tinct.  cinnamomi f 3j.  to  foiij. 

Tinct.  colchici f3ss.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  conii Ttlxx.  to  TTlxl. 

Tinct.  cubebae f£j.  to  f5ij. 

Tinct.  digitalis TTlv.  to  Ttlxx. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi Ttlx.  to  TTlxx. 

Tinct.  galla? f 5j.  to  foiij. 

Tinct.  gentianae  comp f5j.  to  fSss. 

Tinct.  guaiaci f5j.  to  f Sij  - 

Tinct.  guaiaci  ammon f 5j.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  hellebori TTJ  x.  to  foj. 

Tinct.  humuli f Sij.  to  f Sss. 

Tinct.  hyoscyami Ttlxx.  to  f3j. 

Tinct.  iodinii TTfx.  to  TTlxl. 

Tinct.  iodinii  comp TTfx.  to  Tllxxx. 

Tinct.  jalapae foj.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  kino f 3j - to  f 5ij. 

Tinct.  krameriae f3j.  to  f£ij. 

Tinct.  lobelia?,  emetic fSss. 

Tinct.  lobeliae,  expectorant.. f 5ss.  to  foj. 

Tinct.  lupulinae fSj.  to  foij. 

Tinct.  myrrhae fSss.  to  foj. 

Tinct.  nucis  vomicae TTlv.  to  Ttlxx. 

Tinct.  opii TT^x.  to  TTlxl. 

Tinct.  opii  acetata Ttlx.  to  Ttlxxx. 

Tinct.  opii  camphorata f 5j.  to  fSss. 

Tinct.  opii  deodorata gr.  x.  to  gr.  xl. 

Tinct.  quassiae t'5j.  to  f Sij. 

Tinct.  rhei foj.  to  fSss. 

Tinct.  rhei  et  gentianae fSss.  to  f Sj. 

Tinct.  rhei  et  senna? fSss.  to  fSj. 

Tinct.  sang.  exp.  and  alt TTfxxx.  to  Tlllx. 

Tinct.  scillae TTfx.  to  f 5ss. 

Tinct.  sennae  et  jalapae fSss.  to  fSj. 

Tinct.  serpentaria? foj.  to  f$ij. 

Tinct.  stramonii Ttlx.  to  TTlxx. 

Tinct.  tolutana ;....f5ss.  to  fSj. 

Tinct.  Valerianae f 5j.  to  f 5iij. 

Tinct.  valerianae  ammon f 5j-  to  f 5ij. 

Tinct.  veratri  viridis TTlv.  to  Ttlxx. 

Tinct.  zingiberis f 3ss.  to  f 3j. 

Tormentilla 3ss.  to  Sss. 

Toxicodendron gr.  j.  to  gr.  x. 

Tragacantha gr.  x.  to  5j. 

Triosteum gr.  xv.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Ulmus  fulva ad  libitum. 

Uva  ursi 5ss.  to  5j. 

Valeriana 3j.  to  3j. 

Veratria gr.  to  gr.  }. 

Veratrum  album gr.  j.  to  gr.  ij. 

Veratrum  viride gr.  ij.  to  gr.  v. 

Vinum  aloes f Sj.  to  f Sss. 

Vinum  antimonii,  expect T7\x.  to  f^ss. 

Vinum  colchici  radicis Ttlx.  to  f Sss. 

Vinum  colchici  seminis 5j.  to  5ij. 

Vinum  ergotae 5j.  to  3ij. 

Vin.  ipecacuanhae,  diaph. ...TTlx.  to  foss. 

Vin.  ipecacuanha?,  emetic...  A Sij  • to  f Sj  - 

Vinum  opii Tllv.  to  Ttlxxx. 

Vinum  rhei f Sij . to  fSss. 

Xanthorrhiza 3j.  to  oj. 

Xanthoxylum  (pulv.) gr.  x.  to  gr.  xxx. 

Zinci  carbonas  praecip .gr.  j.  to  gr.  v. 

Zinci  chloridum used  externally. 

Zinci  oxydum gr.  j.  to  gr.  vi. 

Zinci  sulphas,  emetic gr.  x.  to  gr.  xv. 

Zinci  sulphas,  tonic gr.  £ to  gr.  ij. 

Zinci  valerianas gr.  j.  to  gr.  ij. 

Zingiber gr.  v.  to  5sb. 


TABLE  OF  CHEMICAL  SYMBOLS. 


TABLE  OF  CHEMICAL  SYMBOLS. 


Aluminum Al. 

Antimony  (Stibium) Sb. 

Arsenic  As. 

Barium  Ba. 

Bismuth  Bi. 

Boron  B. 

Bromine Br. 

Cadmium Cd. 

Caesium Cs. 

Calcium Ca. 

Carbon C. 

Cerium , Ce. 

Chlorine Cl. 

Chromium ! Cr. 

Cobalt Co. 

Columbiuin  (Tantalum) Ta. 

Copper  (Cuprum) Cu. 

Didymium  Di. 

Fluorine F. 

Gold  (Aurum) Au. 

Hydrogen H. 

Indium In.(?) 

Iodine I. 

Iridium Ir. 

Iron  (Ferrum) Fe. 

Lantanium La. 

Lead  (Plumbum) Pb. 

Lithium L. 

Magnesium  Mg. 

Manganese Mn. 


Mercury  (Hydrargyrum) Hg. 

Molybdenum Mo. 

Nickel Ni, 

Nitrogen N. 

Osmium  Os. 

Oxygen 0. 

Palladium  ...Pd. 

Phosphorus P. 

Platinum Pt. 

Potassium  (Kalium) K. 

Rhodium R. 

Rubidium Rb. 

Ruthenium Ru. 

Selenium Se. 

Silicon Si. 

Silver  (Argentum) ....Ag. 

Sodium  (Natrium) Na. 

Strontium Sr. 

Sulphur S. 

Tellurium Te. 

Thallium Tl.(?l 

Thorium Th. 

Tin  (Stannum) Sn. 

Tungsten  (Wolframium) W. 

Uranium U. 

Vanadium V. 

Yttrium Y. 

Zinc Zn. 

Zirconium Zr. 


Thus,  HO  is  the  representative  or  formula  of  water:  that  is,  one  equivalent  of 
hydrogen  (H)  combined  with  one  equivalent  of  oxygen  (0).  As03  is  the  formula  of 
arsenious  acid,  a compound  consisting  of  one  equivalent  of  arsenic  and  three  equiva- 
lents of  oxygen.  N0S  is  the  representative  of  anhydrous  nitric  acid,  indicating 
that  it  is  composed  of  one  equivalent  of  nitrogen  (N)  combined  with  five  equiva- 
lents of  oxygen  (0).  The  number  of  equivalents  of  an  elementary  substance  is 
usually  indicated  by  a small  depressed  figure  following  the  symbol,  as  seen  in  the 
previous  examples;  but  the  number  of  equivalents  of  any  compound  is  denoted 
by  a large  figure  placed  before  the  formula:  thus,  3 HO  + 2 N0S  is  the  formula 
of  the  officinal  (hydrated)  nitric  acid,  indicating  that  it  is  composed  of  three 
equivalents  of  water  (HO)  combined  with  two  equivalents  of  nitric  acid  (N05). 

59*  697 


TABLE  OF  DISPUTED  PRONUNCIATIONS;  WITH  THE  PRIN- 
CIPAL AUTHORITIES  IN  FAVOR  OF  EACH. 


The  design  of  the  following  Table  is  not  merely  or  principally  to  gratify  the  curiosity  of  the 
reader,  but  rather,  by  showing  how  very  few  points  there  are  of  any  importance,  about  which  the 
best  scientific  and  classical  authorities  differ , to  convince  the  student  that  in  his  efforts  to  attain 
a correct  pronunciation  of  scientific  terms,  he  is  not  pursuing  a chimera,  but  acquiring  an 
accomplishment  which  will  be  highly  appreciated  by  the  truly  learned  in  every  part  of  the 
world.  (See  Preface,) 


Anconeus;  Dunglison,  Hooper.  Anco'neus;  Mayne.  Anconse'us:  Kraus.* * * § 

Aristolo'chia ; Gray,  White  and  Riddle, f Wittstein.  Ari$tolochi  a;j:  Dun- 
glison, Hooper,  Mayne. 

Cad'mia;  Ainsworth,  Webster,  Worcester.  Cadmi'a;  Dunglison,  Hooper, 
Mayne.  Cadmi'a  or  €ad'mia;J  White  and  Riddle. 

Cadmium;  Brande,  Webster,  Worcester.  Cadmi  um;  Dunglison,  Hooper, 
Mayne. 

Dioscore'a;  Gray,  Wittstein.  Diosco'rea;  Hooper,  Mayne.  Dioscore'a  or 
Diosco'rea;  Dunglison. 

Hydrange'a;£  Wittstein.  Hydrangea;  Gray.  Hydrang-e'a  or  Hy- 
drangea; Dunglison. 

laryngeal;  Dunglison,  Hooper,  Mayne.  Daryn'geal;  Worcester.  laryn- 
ge'al  or  ILaryn'geal;  Webster. 

Darynge'us;  Dunglison,  Hooper,  Mayne.  Daryn'gens;  Kraus. 

Lochi'a;  Mayne.  ILo'cliia;  Hooper.  I<ochi'a  or  Lo'cliia;  Dunglison. 

Madar.  See  Mudar. 

Meningeal;  Mayne,  Worcester.  Meninge  al  or  Menin  geal;  Dunglison. 

Mezere'um;  Mayne,  Wittstein.  Meze'reum;  U.S.  Pharmacopoeia.  Meze'- 
reum  or  Mezere'um;  Dunglison. 

Mu-dar'  (Calot' ropis  gigante'a) ; Thompson. ||  Mudar;  Ainslie.ff 

Olec'raiion ; Hooper.  Olecra'non;**  Kraus,  Mayne.  Olec'ranon  or  Ole- 
cranon; Dunglison. 


* Author  of  the  “ Kritisch-Etymologisches  Medicinisches  Lexikon,”  Gottingen,  1826. 

f Editors  of  an  excellent  “ Latin-English  Dictionary”  recently  published  by  Longman, 
London. 

J It  may  be  remarked  that,  with  respect  to  the  most  important  root  in  Aristolochia  (lochia), 
usage  was  divided  among  the  Greeks  themselves.  Some  writers  have  \o\eCa  ( locheia ),  others, 
Aoxta  (lochia);  so  Cadmia  has  two  forms  in  Greek,  Ka.8y.eia  and  k a8;tia. 

§ It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  penultimate  accent  is  given  to  this  name  considered  simply 
as  a Latin  (or  classical)  word. 

||  Author  of  an  excellent  Oordoo  (Hindostanee)  Dictionary,  published  at  Serampore  in  1S38. 
This  pronunciation  (mu-dar')  is  not  only  supported  by  the  original  Hindostanee  spelling,  but  it 
is  confirmed  by  the  prevailing  English  spelling,  Madar , which  can  scarcely  be  reconciled  with 
the  supposition  that  the  u in  the  first  syllable  is  long.  See  Calotropis  Gigantea  in  Wood  & 
Bache’s  Dispensatory. 

Author  of  a valuable  work  entitled  “ Materia  Indica,”  London,  1826. 

**  Liddell  and  Scott  give  the  penultima  as  undoubtedly  long — uiAcKp&vor.  General  usage, 
however,  seems  to  be  in  favor  of  Olec'ranon:  and  if  we  may  attach  any  weight  to  the  Greek 
accent,  this  pronunciation  can  at  least  bo  defended.  (See  Profaco,  p.  viii.) 

698 


DISPUTED  PRONUNCIATIONS. 


Parotide'a;  Dunglison,  Hooper.  Parotid'ea  (Parotid' eus) ; Mayne.  Paro- 
tid.T'a.  Cullen. 

Pem'phigus;  Hooper,  Kraus.  Pemphigus;  Mayne.  Pem  phigus  or 
Pemplii'g'tis;  Dunglison. 

Pliarynge'alr  Dunglison,  Hooper.  Pharyn'g-eal;  Mayne,  Worcester.  Pha- 
ryngeal or  Pharynge'al ; Webster. 

Pliarynge'us : Dunglison,  Hooper.  Pharyn'geus  ;:!J  Kraus,  Mayne. 

Plat 'inuin;  Brande,  Dunglison,  WoTcester.  Plati  num;  Mayne.  Plat  inum 
or  Plati'num;  Webster. 

Syru'pus;  Mayne,  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia.  Syr'upus;  Krau3.  Syr'upus  or 
Syru'pus;  Dunglison. 

There  is  one  class  of  names,  about  the  pronunciation  of  which  considerable  diversity 
prevails,  that  have  not  been  introduced  into  the  preceding  table,  because  there  seems  reason  to 
believe  that  the  diversity  in  question  has  rather  been  the  result  of  inadvertency  than  of  any 
deliberate  difference  of  judgment  among  scientific  writers.  We  allude  to  those  terminating  in 
-< era  derived  from  a proper  name  in  -er:  as,  Bray  era  (from  Brayer),  Frasera  (from  Fraser), 
Heuchera  (from  Heucher),  etc.  Some  of  our  best  authorities  are  not  always  consistent  with 
themselves  with  respect  to  this  class  of  names,  but,  if  we  mistake  not,  the  general  tendency  is 
decidedly  in  favor  of  the  penultimate  accent.  The  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  gives  Braye'ra 
and  Frase'ra  with  the  penultimate  accent,  but  Heu’chera  with  the  antepenultimate.  The  last 
is,  not  improbably,  an  oversight;  for  though  something  might  be  said  in  favor  of  making  a 
difference  between  Brayera  and  the  other  two  names,  inasmuch  as  the  last  syllable  of  Brayer 
is  long  in  French,  there  can  be  no  good  reason  for  making  a distinction  between  Frasera  and 
Heuchera , as  the  last  syllable  in  both  Fraser  and  Heucher  is  short.  But  the  reason  would  not 
be  a good  one  in  any  case;  the  name  of  Luther,  the  celebrated  Reformer,  has  the  last  syllable 
short  in  German  ( Lu'ther ),  yet  when  Latinized  becomes  Luthe'rus , and  in  the  Italian  and 
Spanish,  cognate  languages,  it  is  always  Lute'ro. f In  consideration  of  all  these  reasons  and 
facts,  we  have  deemed  it  best  to  adopt  a uniform  rule,  and  always  to  place  the  accent  on  the 
penultima  of  names  of  the  class  above  referred  to : e.g.  Braye'ra , Frase'ra , Heuche'ra,  Rottle'ra , 
etc.  etc. 


* In  this  instance,  Dr.  Mayne,  who  is  generally  so  accurate  in  regard  to  his  Latin  and  Greek 
quantities,  would  seem  to  be  guilty  of  a palpable  inconsistency,  since  he  gives  the  parallel  term 
Laryngeus  with  the  penultima  long.  It  is,  however,  proper  to  observe  that  this  whole  class 
of  words  (including  Anconeus , Parotideus , etc.)  are  doubtful  as  to  the  length  of  the  penultima, 
vhieh  there  seems  to  be  no  means  of  determining  positively.  Even  the  light  of  analogy, 
dubious  at  best,  utterly  fails  us  here : while  gigante'us  has  the  penultima  unquestionably  long, 
ce'reus , cine'reus , ido'neus,  etc.  have  it  short. 

f It  is  a great  mistake  to  suppose  that  a Latinized  modern  name  must  follow  either  the 
quantity  or  accent  of  the  original.  This  indeed  is  the  exception,  the  contrary  being  the  gene- 
ral rule;  at  least  with  respect  to  names  of  Teutonic  origin:  Fred' eric  makes  Frederi'cusy 
Hen'ry  (German,  Hein'ricli),  Henri'cus,  Lud'wig , Ludovi'cus , Mil'ton,  Milto'nus , etc. 

699 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  DISEASES  ACCORDING  TO 
CULLEN’S  NOSOLOGY. 


CLASS  I. — PYREX'IiE. 

Order  I. — Fe'bres. 

II. — Plileg-ma'sise. 

III.  — Exaaithem'ata. 

IV.  — Hsemorrha'gise. 

V. — Profil  u ' via. 

CLASS  II. — NEURCKSES. 

Order  I. — Co'mata. 

II. — Adynamia*. 

III.  — Spasmi. 

IV.  — Vesa'nise. 


CLASS  III.— CACHEXY. 

Order  I. — Marco'res. 

II. — In  tumescen ' t iae. 

III. — Impetigr'ines. 

CLASS  IV.— LOCATES. 

Order  I. — I>y  sees  the 'sise. 

II. — Dysorex'ise. 

III.  — Byscinesise. 

IV.  — A poceno  'ses. 

V. — Epis'cheses. 

VI. — Tumo'res. 

V II. — Ecto ' pi  ie. 

VIII. — Dial'yses. 


CLASS  I. 

PYREXIA. 

Order  I. — Fe'bres.  Fevers, 

Section  I.— Intermitten'tes.  Inter mittents. 
Genus  1. — Tertia'na.  Tertian. 

Genus  2. — Quarta'na.  Quartan. 

Genus  3. — Quotidia'na.  Quotidian. 

Section  II. — Contin'uae.  Continued  Fevers. 
Genus  4. — Syn'ocha.  Pure  inflammatory 

fever. 

Genus  5. — Ty'phus.  Typhus. 

Genus  6. — Syn'ochus. 

Order  II. — Phlegma'si^e.  Inflamma- 

tions. 

Genus  1. — Phlogo'sis.  Inflammation  (of  a 
particular  form). 

Genus  2. — Ophthal'mia.  Ophthalmy. 

Genus  3. — Phreni'tis.  Phrenzy , or  brain 

fever. 

Genus  4. — Cynan'che.  Sore  throat. 

Genua  5. — Pneumo'nia.  Inflammation  of  the 
lungs. 


Genus  6.— Cardi'tis.  Inflammation  of  the  heart. 

Genus  7. — Peritoni'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
peritonaeum . 

Genus  8. — Gastri'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
stomach. 

Genus  9. — Enteri'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
bowels. 

Genus  10. — Hepati'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
liver. 

Genus  11. — Spleni'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
spleen. 

Genus  12. — Nephri'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
kidney. 

Genus  13. — Cysti'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
bladder. 

Genus  14. — Ilysteri'tis.  Inflammation  of  the 
womb. 

Genus  15. — Rheumatis'mus.  Rheumatism. 

Genus  16. — Odontal'gia.  Toothache. 

Genus  17. — Pod'agra.  Gout. 

Genus  18. — Arthropuo'sis  (or  Arthropyo'sis). 
Pus  in  a joint. 

Order  III. — Exanthem'ata.  Exan- 

thematous Eruptions. 

Genus  1. — Erysip'elas.  Erysipelas. 

Genus  2. — Pes'tis.  The  Plague. 


700 


CULLEN’S  NOSOLOGY. 


Genus  3. — Vari'ola.  Small-Pox. 

Genus  4. — Varicel'la.  Chicken-Pox. 

Genus  5. — Rube'ola.  Measles. 

Genus  6. — Milia'ria.  Miliary  fever. 

Genus  7. — Scarlati'na.  Scarlet  fever. 

Genus  8. — Urtica'ria.  Nettle-rash. 

Genus  9. — Pem'phigus.  Vesicular  fever. 
Genus  10. — Aph'tha.  Superficial  ulcer  of  the 
mouth.  * 

Order  IV. — H^emorrha'gi^e.  Haemor- 
rhages. 

Genus  1. — Epistax'is.  Bleeding  at  the  nose. 
Genus  2. — Haemop'tysis.  Spitting  of  blood. 
Genus  3. — Haemor'rhois.  The  Piles. 

Genus  4. — Menorrha'gia.  Menorrliagy. 

Order  Y. — Proflu'via.  Morbid  Dis- 
charges, or  Fluxes. 

Genus  1. — Catar'rhus.  Catarrh. 

Genus  2. — Dysente'ria.  Dysentery. 


CLASS  II. 

NEUROSES.  Nervous  Diseases. 
Order  I. — Co'mata.  Soporose  Diseases. 

Genus  1. — Apoplex'ia.  Apoplexy. 

Genus  2. — Paral'ysis.  Palsy. 

Order  II. — Adyna'mi^e.  Diseases  con- 
sisting of  a loss  or  deficiency  of  the 
Vital  Power. 

Genus  1. — Syn'cope.  Fainting. 

Genus  2. — Dyspep'sia.  Indigestion. 

Genus  3. — Hypochondriasis.  Vapors,  or  low 
spirits. 

Genus  4. — Chloro'sis.  Green-sickness. 

Order  III. — Spas'mi.  Spasms. 
Genus  1. — Tet'anus.  Tetanus. 

Genus  2. — Tris'mus.  Locked-jaw. 

Genus  3. — Convul'sio.  Convulsion. 

Genus  4. — Chore'a.  St.  Vitus’  Dance. 

Genus  5. — Rapha'nia. 

Genus  6. — Epilep'sia.  Epilepsy. 

Genus  7. — Palpi  ta'tio.  Palpitation. 

Genus  8. — Asth'ma.  Asthma. 

Genus  9. — Dyspnoe'a.  Difficulty  of  breath- 

ing ( not  asthmatic). 

Genus  10. — Pertus'sis.  Hooping-cough. 
Genus  11. — Pyro'sis.  Water-brash. 

Genus  12. — Col'ica.  Colic. 

Genus  13. — Chol'era.  Cholera. 

Genus  14. — Diarrhoe'a.  Diarrhoea. 

Genus  15. — Diabe'tes.  Diabetes. 


Genus  16. — Ilyste'ria.  Hysterics. 

Genus  17. — Ilydropho'bia. 

Order  IV. — Vesa'ni^.  Mental  De- 

rangements. 

Genus  1. — Amen'tia.  Idiocy , or  Imbecility. 
Genus  2. — Melancho'lia.  Melancholy. 

Genus  3. — Ma'nia.  Madness,  Delirium  with- 
out fever. 

Genus  4. — Oneirodyn'ia.  Nightmare,  or  Som- 
nambulism. 

CLASS  III. 

CACHEXEE.  Cachectic  Diseases. 
Order  I. — Marco'res.  Emaciations. 

Genus  1. — Ta'bes.  Wasting,  or  Decline. 
Genus  2. — Atro'phia.  Atrophy. 

Order  II. — Intijmescen'tije.  Intumes- 
cence. (Swelling  of  a part  or  the 
whole  of  the  body  without  inflamma- 
tion.) 

Genus  1. — Polysar'cia.  Excessive  corpulence. 
Genus  2. — Pneumato'sis.  Windy  swelling ? 
Genus  3. — Tympani'tes.  Wind  dropsy,  or  em- 
physema. 

Genus  4. — Physome'tra.  Windy  swelling  of 
the  womb. 

Genus  5. — Anasar'ca.  General  dropsy. 

Genus  6. — Ilydroceplialus.  Dropsy  of  the 
brain. 

Genus  7. — Ilydrorachi'tis  (or  Hydrorrhachi'- 
tis).  Dropsy  of  the  spine. 

Genus  8. — Ilydrotho'rax.  Dropsy  of  the 

chest. 

Genus  9. — Asci'tes.  Dropsy  of  the  belly. 
Genus  10. — Ilydrome'tra.  Dropsy  of  the 
womb. 

Genus  11. — Ilydroce'le.  Dropsy  of  the  tes- 
ticle. 

Genus  12. — Physco'nia.  Enlargement  of  the 
abdomen. 

Genus  13. — Rachitis.  Rickets. 

Order  III. — Impetig'ines.  Cachectic 

Condition  of  the  Skin  or  External  Por- 
tion of  the  Body. 

Genus  1. — Scroph'ula  [Scrof 'ula].  Scrofula . 
Genus  2. — Syph'ilis.  Venereal  disease. 

Genus  3. — Scorbu'tus.  Scurvy. 

Genus  4. — Elephantiasis. 

Genus  5. — Lep'ra.  Leprosy. 

Genus  6. — Framboe'sia.  The  Taws. 

Genus  7. — Tricho'ma.  Hair-disease. 

Genus  8. — Ic'terus.  Jaundice. 


701 


CULLEN’S  NOSOLOGY. 


CLASS  IY. 

LOCALES.  Local  Diseases. 

Order  I. — Dys.esthe'si,e.  Depraved  or 
Defective  Perceptions. 

Genus  1. — Cali'go.  Dimness  of  sight , or 

blindness. 

Genus  2. — Amauro'sis.  Amaurosis. 

Genus  3. — Dyso'pia,  or  Dysop'sia.  Painful 
or  defective  vision. 

Genus  4. — Pseudoblep'sis.  False  or  depraved 
vision. 

Genus  5. — Dyseco'ia,  or  Dysecoe'a.  Deafness. 

Genus  6. — Paracu'sis.  Morbid  or  depraved 
hearing. 

Genus  7. — Anos'mia.  Loss  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

Genus  8. — Ageus'tia.  Loss  of  taste. 

Genus  9. — Ana^sthe'sia.  Loss  of  feeling  or 
touch. 

Order  II. — Dysorex'i^e.  Depraved 
Appetites. 

Genus  1. — Bulim'ia.  Insatiable  hunger. 

Genus  2. — Polydip'sia.  Excessive  ( morbid ) 
thirst. 

Genus  3.— Pi'ca.  Depraved  or  perverted  ap- 
petite. 

Genus  4. — Satyri'asis.  Excessive  ( morbid ) 
sexual  desire  in  males. 

Genus  5. — Nymplioma'nia.  Excessive  (mor- 
bid) sexual  desire  in  females. 

Genus  6. — Nostal'gia.  Homesickness. 

Genus  7. — Anorex'ia.  Want  of  appetite. 

Genus  8. — Adip'sia.  A morbid  absence  of 
thirst. 

Genus  9. — Anaplirodis'ia.  Absence  of  sexual 
desire  or  of  genital  power. 

Order  III. — Dyscine'si.e.  Defective  or 
Imperfect  Power  of  Motion. 

Genus  1. — Apho'nia.  Loss  of  voice. 

Genus  2. — Mu'titas.  Dumbness. 

Genus  3. — Parapho'nia.  Depraved  or  dis- 
eased voice , referring  to  the  sounds  as  uttered  in 
the  larynx. 

Genus  4. — Psellis'mus.  Defective  or  depraved 
articulation. 

Genus  5. — Strabis'mus.  Squinting , or  Cross- 
Eye. 

Genus  6. — Contractu'ra.  Contracture. 

Order  IV. — Apoceno'ses.  Morbid 
Evacuations. 

Genus  1. — Profu'sio.  Hemorrhage. 

Genus  2. — Ephidro'sis.  Excessive  morbid  per- 
spiration. 

702 


Genus  3. — Epiph'ora.  A superabundant  see 
cretion  of  tears. 

Genus  4. — Ptyalis'mus.  Salivation. 

Genus  5. — Enure'sis.  Incontinency  of  urine. 
Genus  6. — Gonorrlioe'a.  Discharge  from  the 
urethra. 

Order  V. — Epis'cheses.  Suppression 
of  Excretions. 

Genus  1. — Obstipa'tio.  Constipation , or  Cos- 
tiveness. 

Genus  2. — Iscku'ria.  Retention  or  stoppage 
of  the  urine. 

Genus  3. — Dysu'ria.  Difficult  or  painful  dis- 
charge of  urine. 

Genus  4. — Dyspermatis'mus.  Imperfect  or 
deficient  discharge  of  semen. 

Genus  5. — Amenorrhce'a.  Absence  or  stop- 
page  of  the  menstrual  discharge. 

Order  VI. — Tumo'res.  Tumors. 

Genus  1. — Aneuris'ma.  Aneurism. 

Genus  2. — Ya'rix.  Enlarged  or  swollen  veins. 
Genus  3. — Eccliymo'ma.  Suggilation  or  suf- 
fusion of  blood  into  the  areolar  tissue. 

Genus  4. — Scir'rhus  (Schir'rus).  Schirrus. 
Genus  5. — Can'cer.  Cancer. 

Genus  6. — Bu'bo.  Bubo. 

Genus  7. — Sarco'ma.  Sarcoma. 

Genus  8. — Verru'ca.  Wart. 

Genus  9. — Cla'vus.  Corn. 

Genus  10. — Lu'pia.  Wen. 

Genus  11. — Gan'glion.  A hard , movable  tu- 
mor on  a tendon. 

Genus  12. — Hyd'atis.  Hydatid. 

Genus  13. — Hydrar'thrus.  White  swelling. 
Genus  14. — Exosto'sis.  Tumor  of  a bone. 

Order  VII. — Ecto'pi^e.  Displacements , 
or  Protrusions. 

Genus  1. — Iler'nia.  Rupture. 

Genus  2. — Prolap'sus.  Prolapse. 

Genus  3. — Luxa'tio.  Luxation. 

Order  VIII. — Dial'yses.  Solutions  of 
Continuity. 

Genus  1. — Vul'nus.  Wound. 

Genus  2. — Ul'cus.  Ulcer. 

Genus  3. — Her'pes.  Tetter , or  Serpigo. 

Genus  4. — Tin'ea.  Scalled-head. 

Genus  5. — Pso'ra.  Itch. 

Genus  6. — Fractu'ra.  Fracture. 

Genus  7. — Ca'ries.  Decay  or  ulceration  of  a 
bone. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  DISEASES  ACCORDING  TO 
GOOD’S  NOSOLOGY. 


CLASS  I. 

CCELI'ACA.  Diseases  of  the  Digestive  Func- 
tion. 

Order  I. — Enter'ica.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  Alimentary  Canal. 

Genus  1. — Odon'tia.  Misdentition,  or  dis- 
eases affecting  the  teeth. 

Genus  2. — Ptyalis'mus.  Ptyalism , or  dis- 
eases affecting  the  salivary  secretion. 

Genus  3. — Dyspha'gia.  Difficulty  of  swal- 
lowing. 

Genus  4. — Dipso'sis.  Morbid  thirst. 

Genus  5. — Limo'sis.  Morbid  appetite. 

Genus  6. — Col'ica.  Colic. 

Genus  7. — Copros'tasis.  Costiveness. 

Genus  8. — Diarrhoe'a.  Looseness. 

Genus  9. — Chol'era.  Cholera. 

Genus  10. — Enterol'ithus.  Intestinal  concre- 
tions. 

Genus  11. — Ilelmin'thia.  Worms. 

Genus  12. — Proc'tica.  Diseases  affecting  the 
anus  or  rectum. 

Order  II. — Splanch'nica.  Diseases 

affecting  the  Collatitious  Viscera, — i.e. 
the  Liver,  Spleen , Pancreas,  &c. 

Genus  1. — Ic'terus.  Yellow  jaundice. 

Genus  2. — Melae'na.  Melena. 

Genus  3. — Cholol'ithus.  Gall-stone. 

Genus  4. — Parabys'ma.  Visceral  turgescence. 


CLASS  II. 

PNEUMATIC  A.  Diseases  of  the  Respiratory 
Function. 

Order  I. — Phon'ica.  Diseases  affecting 
the  Vocal  Avenues. 

Genus  1. — Cory'za.  Nasal  catarrh. 

Genus  2. — Pol'ypus.  Polypus. 

Genus  3. — Rhon'chus.  Rattling  in  the  throat. 
Genus  4. — Apho'nia.  Dumbness. 

Genus  5. — Dyspho'nia.  Dissonance  of  the  voice . 
Genus  6. — Psellis'mus.  Dissonant  speech. 

Order  II. — Pneumon'ica.  Diseases 
affecting  the  Lungs. 

Genus  1 — Bex.  Cough. 

Genus  2. — Laryngis'mus.  Laryngic  suffoca- 
tion. 


Genus  3. — Dyspnoe'a.  t Difficulty  of  breath * 
ing , anhelation. 

Genus  4. — Asth'ma.  Asthma. 

Genus  5. — Ephial'tes.  Incubus. 

Genus  6. — Sternal'gia.  Suffocative  breast- 

pang. 

Genus  7. — Pleural'gia.  Pain  in  the  side. 

CLASS  III. 

IliEMATICA.  Diseases  of  the  Sanguineous 
Function. 

Order  I. — Pyrec'tica.  Fevers. 
Genus  1. — Ephem'era.  Diary  fever. 

Genus  2. — An'etus.  Intermittent  fever.  Ague. 
Genus  3. — Epan'etus.  Remittent  fever. 
Genus  4. — Ene'cia.  Continued  fever. 

Order  II. — Piilogot'ica.  Inflammations. 
Genus  1. — Aposte'ma.  Aposteme,  or  Abscess. 
Genus  2. — Phleg'mone.  Phlegmon. 

Genus  3. — Phy'ma.  Tuber. 

Genus  4. — Ion'thus.  Whelk. 

Genus  5. — Phly'sis. 

Genus  6. — Erythe'ma.  Inflammatory  blush. 
Genus  7. — Empres'ma.  Visceral  inflammas- 
tion. 

Genus  8. — Ophthal'mia.  Ophthalmy. 

Genus  9. — Catar'rhus.  Catarrh. 

Genus  10. — Dysente'ria.  Dysentery. 

Genus  11. — Bucne'mia.  Tumid  leg. 

Genus  12. — Arthro'sia.  Articular  inflamma- 
tion. 

Order  III.’ — Exanthemat'ica.  Erup- 
tive Fevers. 

Genus  1. — Enanthe'sis.  Rash  exanthem. 
Genus  2. — Emphly'sis.  Ichorous  exanthem. 
Genus  3. — Empye'sis.  Pustulous  exanthem. 
Genus  4. — Anthra'cia.  Carbuncular  exar* 
them. 

Order  IV. — Dysthet'ica.  Cachectic 

Diseases. 

Genus  1. — Pletho'ra.  Plethora. 

Genus  2. — Ilsemorrha'gia.  Hsemorrhage. 
Genus  3. — Maras'mus.  Emaciation. 

Genus  4. — Melano'sis. 

Genus  5. — Stru'ma.  Scrofula. 

Genus  6. — Car'cinus.  Cancer. 

Genus  7. — Lu'es.  Venereal  disease. 

703 


GOOD'S  NOSOLOGY. 


Genus  8. — Elephantiasis.  Elephant-skin. 
Genus  9. — Catacau'sis.  Catacausis. 

Genus  10. — Por'phyra.  Scurvy. 

Genus  11. — Exan'gia. 

Genus  12. — Gangrae'na.  Gangrene,. 

Genus  13. — Ul'cus.  Ulcer. 


CLASS  IV. 

NEUROTICA.  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  Func- 
tion. 

Order  I. — Phren'ica.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  Intellect. 

Genus  1. — Ecphro'nia.  Insanity. 

Genus  2. — Empathe'ma.  Ungovernable  pas- 
sion. 

Genus  3. — Alu'sia.  Illusion , or  Hallucination. 
Genus  4. — Aphel'xia.  Revery. 

Genus  5. — Paronir'ia.  Sleep-disturbance. 
Genus  6. — Mo'ria.  Fatuity. 

Order  II. — ASsthet'ica.  Diseases  af- 
fecting the  Sensations  or  Perceptions. 
Genus  1. — Parop'sis.  Morbid  sight. 

Genus  2. — Paracu'sis.  Morbid  hearing. 
Genus  3. — Paros'mis.  Morbid  smell. 

Genus  4. — Parageu'sis.  Morbid  taste. 

Genus  5. — Parap'sis.  Morbid  touch. 

Genus  6. — Neural'gia.  Nerve-ache , or  pain 
in  the  nerves. 

Order  III. — Cinet'ica.  Diseases  af- 
fecting the  Muscles. 

Genus  1. — Enta'sia.  Constrictive  spasm. 
Genus  2. — Clo'nus.  Clonic  spasm. 

Genus  3. — Syn'clonus.  Synclonic  spasm. 

Order  IY. — Systat'ica.  Diseases  af- 
fecting several  or  all  the  Sensorial 
Powers  simultaneously. 

Genus  1. — Agryp'nia.  Sleeplessness. 

Genus  2. — Dyspho'ria.  Restlessness. 

Genus  3. — Antipathi'a.  Antipathy. 

Genus  4. — Cephalae'a.  Headache. 

Genus  5. — Di'nus.  Dizziness. 

Genus  6. — Syn'cope.  Syncope. 

Genus  7. — Syspa'sia.  Comatose  spasm. 

Genus  8. — Ca'rus.  Torpor. 


CLASS  V. 

GENETICA.  Diseases  of  the  Sexual  Function. 
Order  I. — Cenot'ica.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  Fluids. 

Genus  1. — Paranie'nia.  Mismenstruation. 
Genus  2. — Leucorrhce'a.  Whites. 


Genus  3. — Blenorrhoe'a.  Gonorrhoea. 

Genus  4. — Spermorrhce'a.  Seminal  flux. 
Genus  5. — Galac'tia.  Mislactation. 

Order  II. — Orgas'tica.  Diseases 
affecting  the  Orgasm. 

Genus  1. — Chloro'sis.  Greensickness. 

Genus  2. — Proeo'tia.  Genital  precocity. 

Genus  3. — Lagne'sis.  Lust 

Genus  4. — Agene'sia.  Male  sterility. 

Genus  5. — Apho'ria.  Female  sterility. 

Genus  6. — iEdopto'sis.  Genital  prolapse. 

Order  III. — Carpot'ica.  Diseases 
affecting  the  Impregnation. 

Genus  1 . — Paracye'sis.  Morbid  pregnancy. 
Genus  2. — Parodyn'ia.  Morbid  labor. 

Genus  3. — Eccye'sis.  Extra-uterine  fcetar 

tion. 

Genus  4. — Pseudocye'sis.  Spurious  preg- 

nancy. 


CLASS  VI. 

ECCRITICA.  Diseases  of  the  Excernent 
Function. 

Order  I. — Mesot'ica.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  Parenchyma. 

Genus  1. — Polysar'cia.  Corpulency. 

Genus  2. — Emphy'ma.  Tumor. 

Genus  3. — Paros'tia.  Misossifi cation. 

Genus  4. — Cyrto'sis.  Contortion  of  the 

bones. 

Genus  5. — Osthex'ia.  Osthexy. 

Order  II. — Catot'ica.  Diseases 
affecting  Internal  Surfaces. 

Genus  1. — Hy'drops.  Dropsy. 

Genus  2. — Emphyse'ma.  Inflation , wind 

dropsy. 

Genus  3. — Paru'ria.  Mismicturition. 

Genus  4. — Lith'ia.  Urinary  calculus. 

Order  III. — Acrot'ica.  Diseases 
affecting  the  External  Surface. 

Genus  1. — Ephidro'sis.  Morbid  sweat. 

Gentts  2. — Exanthe'sis.  Cutaneous  blush. 
Genus  3. — Exor'mia.  Papulous  skin. 

Genus  4. — Lepido'sis.  Scale-skin. 

Genus  5. — Ecphly'sis.  Blains. 

Genus  6. — Ecpye'sis.  Humid  scall. 

Genus  7. — Ma'lis.  Cutaneous  Termination. 
Genus  8. — Ecphy'ma.  Cutaneous  excrescence . 
Genus  9. — Tricho'sis.  Morbid  hair. 

Genus  10.— Epichro'sis.  Macular  skin. 


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